A01|Current||Monomers, condensants||These are also classified in Section E. All patents relating to the production and purification of the following: acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, adipic acid, bisphenol A, butadiene, caprolactam, chloroprene, diethyl or dimethyl terephthalate, ethyl acrylate, ethylene, ethyl methacrylate, formaldehyde, hexamethylene diamine, isobutene, isoprene, maleic anhydride, melamine, methacrylic acid, methyl (meth)acrylate, methyl styrene, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, phenol, phthalic anhydride, propylene, sebacic acid, styrene, terephthalic acid, tetrafluoroethylene, urea, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. All patents relating to the production and purification of new monomers shown clearly to be usefully polymerisable. Purification, stabilisation or new route of production only of all other known usefully polymerisable monomers. Starting materials for monomers are not coded. Also the catalysts and the processes for the production of monomers are not coded. For polymerisation of a monomer, search the product i.e. polymer only along with polymerisation process (A10: section) if desired.|
A01-A|Current||Monomers, condensants not containing gen. heteroatoms, B, Si, metal, or nitroso groups (others)||Including all compounds not covered by A01-B: to A01-E:, but excluding metal salts. Including their production, handling, storage and purification. (e.g. sulphur dioxide)|
A01-A00A|Current|(1994-    )|General heteroatom containing monomers, condensants||Indexed where the polymer former would require three or more codes from the A01-A+ hierarchy.|
A01-A01|Current||Boron containing monomers, condensants||e.g. borazoles, carboranes|
A01-A02|Current||Phosphorus containing monomers, condensants||e.g. phosphonitrilic halides|
A01-A03|Current||Silicon containing monomers, condensants||e.g. silanes, cyclic siloxanes|
A01-A04|Current||Metal containing monomers, condensants||Including those having a metal-carbon bond e.g. tributyl tin methacrylate (with A01-D08); vinyl ferrocene (with A01-D)|
A01-A05|Current||Nitroso group containing monomers, condensants||e.g. trifluoro-nitrosomethane|
A01-B|Current||Monomers, condensants containing polymerisable C-C bonds [others]||Excluding A01-C:, A01-D:. Including their production, handling, storage and purification.|
A01-B00B|Current|(1994-    )|Monomers, condensants containing C-C bond general||Indexed where the polymer former would require three or more codes from the A01-B+ hierarchy.|
A01-B01|Current||Monomers, condensants containing both C-C double and C-C triple bonds||e.g. vinyl acetylene, dimethyl vinyl ethynyl carbinol|
A01-B02|Current||Monomers, condensants containing C-C triple bond(s) only||e.g. acetylene, propargyl alcohol|
A01-B03|Current||Monomers, condensants containing more than two C-C double bonds||e.g. trimethylolpropane triacrylate, diallyl maleate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate|
A01-B04|Current||Monomers, condensants from petroleum chemicals, general||e.g. products resulting from refinery cracking processes|
A01-C|Current||Diolefinic monomers [others]||Including their production, handling, storage and purification|
A01-C00C|Current|(1994-    )|General diolefinic monomers||Indexed where the polymer former would require three or more codes from the A01-C+ hierarchy.|
A01-C01|Current||Aromatic or (cyclo)aliphatic esters diolefinic monomers||e.g. diallyl phthalates|
A01-C02|Current||Aromatic diolefinic monomers substituted by hetero atoms/groups [exc. esters]||Excluding A01-C01; e.g. bisphenol A diallylether|
A01-C03|Current||Aromatic diolefinic monomers optionally substituted by hydrocarbyl groups only [exc. esters]||e.g. divinylbenzene, divinyl toluene|
A01-C04|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic monomers substituted by hetero atoms/groups||Excluding A01-C01; e.g. chloroprene|
A01-C05|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon monomers optionally substituted by hydrocarbyl groups only||Excluding A01-B04; e.g. butadiene, isoprene, allene, dicyclopentadiene, piperylene.|
A01-C06|Current|(1994-    )|Bismaleimides monomers|||
A01-D|Current||Monoolefinic monomers [others]||Including their production, handling, storage and purification (e.g. vinyl silanes (with A01-A03); vinyl phosphonic acid (with A01-A02); allyl sulphonic acid; vinyl ferrocene (with A01-A04); vinyl thioethers)|
A01-D00D|Current|(1994-    )|General monoolefinic monomers||Indexed where the polymer former would require three or more codes from the A01-D+ hierarchy.|
A01-D01|Current||Heterocyclic monoolefinic monomers containing nuclear N||e.g. vinyl pyridine, vinyl carbazoles, maleimide|
A01-D02|Current||Aromatic monoolefinic monomers substituted by hetero atoms/groups||e.g. cinnamic acid, coumarone, vinyl benzene sulphonic acid, chloromethyl styrene, vinyl benzoate|
A01-D03|Current||Aromatic monoolefinic monomers optionally substituted by hydrocarbyl groups only||e.g. styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, indene|
A01-D04|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic nitriles monoolefinic monomers||e.g. acrylonitrile; cyanoacrylic acid (with A01-D08); cyanoacrylates (with A01-D10); vinylidene cyanide|
A01-D05|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic aldehydes or ketones monoolefinic monomers||e.g. acrolein; diacetone acrylamide (with A01-D06)|
A01-D06|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic amides monoolefinic monomers||e.g. acrylamide; diacetone acrylamide (with A01-D05)|
A01-D07|Current||N-contg. Generics monoolefinic monomers and others||Excluding A01-D01, A01-D04, A01-D06; e.g. aminoalkyl acrylates (with A01-D10)|
A01-D08|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic carboxylic acids, anhydrides or salts monoolefinic monomers||e.g. acrylic acid; maleic anhydride (with A01-E12); cyanoacrylic acid (with A01-D04); including acrylic anhydrides|
A01-D09|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic alcohols monoolefinic monomers||e.g. allyl alcohol|
A01-D10|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic carboxylic esters monoolefinic monomers||e.g. methyl methacrylate; vinyl acetate; dibutyl maleate (with A01-E12); aminoalkyl acrylates (with A01-D07); cyanoacrylates (with A01-D04)|
A01-D10A|Current|(2002-    )|Vinyl esters||e.g. vinyl acetate|
A01-D10B|Current|(2002-    )|(Meth)acrylic esters||e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate|
A01-D11|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic ethers monoolefinic monomers||Excluding vinyl thioethers for which see A01-D; e.g. methyl vinyl ether|
A01-D12|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic halides monoolefinic monomers||Including acid halides; e.g. vinyl(idene) chloride; tetrafluoroethylene; fluoroacrylates (with A01-D10)|
A01-D13|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbons monoolefinic monomers||Excluding A01-B04; e.g. olefins such as ethylene, propylene, diisobutylene; norbornene|
A01-E|Current||Condensants [others]||Including their production, handling, storage and purification (e.g. heterocyclic acids; for lactones see A01-E14 and A01-E11 or A01-E12 as appropriate. Similarly for other condensants containing functionally dissimilar groups e.g. diethanolamine see A01-E05 and A01-E14)|
A01-E00E|Current|(1994-    )|General condensants||Indexed where the polymer former would require three or more codes from the A01-E+ hierarchy.|
A01-E01|Current||Triazines condensants||e.g. melamine, guanamine|
A01-E02|Current||Iso(thio)cyanates condensants||e.g. toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate. For blocking agents see A02-C|
A01-E03|Current||Amides condensants||Including urea. For lactams see A01-E04|
A01-E04|Current||Lactams; amino acids condensants||e.g. caprolactam, aminocaproic acid, glutamic acid|
A01-E05|Current||Amines condensants||Excluding A01-E01; e.g. aniline, hexamethylene diamine, hexamethylene tetramine, piperidine, ethylene imine. Used for nitriles together with A01-E11 or A01-E12 as appropriate e.g. for adiponitrile search A01-E05 and A01-E12|
A01-E06|Current||N-containing condensants [exc. triazines/iso(thio)cyanates/amides/lactams/amino acids/amines]||Excluding A01-E01 to A01-E05; e.g. oxazoli(di)nes, oxazines, benzimidazoles|
A01-E07|Current||Mono-epoxy condensants||e.g. epihalohydrin; ethylene oxide; monoglycidyl ether/ester; glycidol (with A01-E14); and thiiranes (episulphides)|
A01-E08|Current||Cyclic (thio)ethers condensants||Excluding A01-E07; e.g. tetrahydrofuran (THF), oxetanes|
A01-E09|Current||Formaldehyde condensants||Including trioxane, tetraoxane|
A01-E10|Current||Aldehydes; ketones condensants||Excluding A01-E09; e.g. acetaldehyde, furfural, acetone, ketenes|
A01-E11|Current||Aromatic carboxylic acids, acid halides, anhydrides or esters condensants||e.g. phthalic (iso-, ortho- and tere-), trimellitic, pyromellitic|
A01-E12|Current||(Cyclo)aliphatic carboxylic acids, acid halides, anhydrides or esters condensants||e.g. adipoyl chloride; sebacic acid; maleic anhydride (with A01-D08); bishaloformates|
A01-E13|Current||Phenols condensants||Including monohydric and polyhydric e.g. phenol, cresols, resorcinol, bisphenol A|
A01-E14|Current||Alcohols condensants||Including dihydric and polyhydric e.g. ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, cyclohexane dimethanol|
A01-F|Current|(1994-    )|Intermediates where the final monomer is unknown|||
A02|Current||Polymerisation controllers||The use of this section is restricted to polymerisation only. Catalysts used for crosslinking, although often referred to as polymerisation catalysts, are coded as accelerators as appropriate (see A08-C: or A08-D: section). For catalyst recovery/removal from polymer, and for catalyst destruction see A10-G+. Catalysts for processes other than polymerisation, such as production of monomer, condensant or additive, for crosslinking or for polymer modification, are not coded.|
A02-A|Current||Polymerisation controllers - catalysts and activators [others]||Excluding catalysts and activators for any purpose other than polymerisation, e.g. production of monomers, condensants or additives, for crosslinking or for polymer modification. (e.g. t-amines.)|
A02-A00A|Current|(1994-    )|General polymerisation catalyst||Indexed where three or more codes would be required from the A02-A+ hierarchy. Also indexed for unspecified catalysts.|
A02-A01|Current||Peroxides, persalts - polymerisation catalyst||e.g. potassium persulphate, hydrogen peroxide etc.; including hydroperoxides, oxygen; excluding Redox (see A02-A03).|
A02-A02|Current||Azo compounds - polymerisation catalyst||e.g. azobisisobutyronitrile; including hyponitrites|
A02-A03|Current||Free radical, general and others - polymerisation catalyst||Excluding A02-A01, A02-A02. Including components of Redox catalysts e.g. ammonium persulphate and ferrous sulphate; ceric ammonium nitrate.|
A02-A04|Current||Friedel crafts polymerisation catalyst||Including Lewis acids, e.g. BF3 (etherate), AlCl3, SnCl4, TiCl4 (used without an activator), FeCl3, H2SO4, HF, H3PO4.|
A02-A05|Current||Alfin polymerisation catalyst||e.g. mixture of allyl sodium, sodium isopropoxide and sodium chloride.|
A02-A06|Current||Transition metal (or compound) polymerisation catalyst||Excluding A02-A06A to A02-A06D. All transition metal (or compound) containing compositions are searchable in A02-A06 or subdivisions thereof; if the compositions further contains a novel non- transition metal (compound) component, see also A02-A07A or A02-A10. Transition metal compounds in Free radical or Friedel Crafts systems are searchable in this section (search A02-A01 to A02-A05 appropriately). Transition metals are: Ag, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hf, Ir, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Sc, Ta, Tc, Ti, V, W, Y, Zr and the actinides and lanthanides.|
A02-A06A|Current|(1970-    )|Transition metal oxides polymerisation catalyst||e.g. CrO3. Prior to 1970 see A02-A06.|
A02-A06B|Current|(1970-    )|Transition metal (oxy)halides polymerisation catalyst||With no other substitution(s). e.g. TiCl3, VOCl3. Prior to 1970 see A02-A06.|
A02-A06C|Current|(1977-    )|Transition metal (or compound) polymerisation catalyst also containing organo-Al compounds||Excluding A02-A06A, A02-A06B; e.g. Ti(OiBu)4 with Et3A1. Prior to 1977 see A02-A06, A02-A06A and A02-A06B.|
A02-A06D|Current|(1977-    )|Transition metal polymerisation catalyst contg. Cr, Hf, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, W or Zr only||Excluding A02-A06A to A02-A06C; e.g. Ti(OiBu)4. Prior to 1977 see A02- A06, A02-A06A and A02-A06B.|
A02-A06E|Current|(1994-    )|Metallocenes (general) polymerisation catalyst|A02-A06+|Excludes A02-A06D. See also A02-A06C.|
A02-A06E1|Current|(1994-    )|Metallocenes polymerisation catalyst containing Ti, Zr or Hf|A02-A06+|Excluding A02-A06D. See also A02-A06C.|
A02-A06E2|Current|(1994-    )|Metallocenes polymerisation catalyst containing transition other than Ti, Zr|A02-A06+|Excludes A02-A06D. See also A02- A06C.|
A02-A07|Current||Non-transition metal (compounds) polymerisation catalyst||Excluding A02-A01 to A02-A05; including Boron, Si.|
A02-A07A|Current|(1970-    )|Non-transition metal (compounds) polymerisation catalyst with transition metal (compound)||Only when novelty. Prior to 1970 see A02-A07.|
A02-A07B|Current|(1977-    )|Alkaline (earth) metal with organic compound polymerisation catalyst [exc. with transition metal]||Including salts and complexes e.g. sodium lactamate, butyl lithium; excluding A02-A07A. Prior to 1977 see A02-A07.|
A02-A07C|Current|(1977-    )|Organoaluminium compound polymerisation catalyst [exc. with transition metal]||Excluding when in presence of a transition metal (compound). Prior to 1977 see A02-A07.|
A02-A08|Current||Stereospecific polymerisation catalyst||Excluding A02-A06+.|
A02-A09|Current||Photocatalyst - polymerisation catalyst|||
A02-A10|Current|(1970-    )|Non-metallic activators for transition metal type polymerisation catalysts||Only when novelty; e.g. amines, esters, P compounds. Prior to 1970 see A02-A06.|
A02-A11|Current|(1977-    )|Phosphorus containing polymerisation catalysts||Excluding A02-A01 to A02-A10. Prior to 1977 see A02-A.|
A02-A12|Current|(2002-    )|Biocatalyst e.g. enzymes|||
A02-B|Current||Polymerisation controllers - chain transfer agents, regulators, modifiers, telogens, chain couplers||e.g. H2 in olefin polymerisation, SiCl4, oxazolines.|
A02-C|Current||Polymerisation inhibitors and chain stoppers, blocking agents for monomers or condensants||e.g. hydroquinone, phenol; including catalyst deactivators.|
A02-D|Current||Other polymerisation control materials [catalyst support and others]||e.g. SiO2, Al2O3; as catalyst supports, seeding agents.|
A02-D01|Current||Polymerisation control materials - buffers|||
A03|Current||Natural polymers||Starting natural polymers for the production of cellulose esters and ethers are not coded, see also A10-E: section for the appropriate process involved. This section does not cover wood or the use of cellulose paper making fibres such as wood pulp.|
A03-A|Current||Polysaccharides [non-cellulosic]||Non-cellulosic e.g. starch, dextran, chitin. For chitosan see A10-E09.|
A03-A00A|Current|(1986-    )|Polysaccharides uses||Prior to 1986 see A03-A.|
A03-A01|Current||Polysaccharides [general]|||
A03-A01A|Current|(1970-    )|Polysaccharides [general] textiles, fibres||Prior to 1970 see A03-A01.|
A03-A02|Current||Cellulose acetate|||
A03-A02A|Current|(1970-    )|Cellulose acetate textiles, fibres||Prior to 1970 see A03-A02.|
A03-A03|Current||Other cellulose esters [exc. cellulose acetate]||e.g. cellulose nitrate.|
A03-A04|Current||Cellulose ethers||e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose.|
A03-A04A|Current|(1970-    )|Cellulose ethers uses||Prior to 1970 see A03-A04.|
A03-A04A1|Current|(1986-    )|Cellulose ethers - medical, dental, cosmetic, veterinary; food uses||Prior to 1986 see A03-A04A.|
A03-A04B|Current|(2002-    )|Preparation of cellulose ethers|||
A03-A05|Current||Cellulose derivatives and others [exc. esters, ethers]||Including regenerated cellulose e.g. rayon.|
A03-A05A|Current|(1970-    )|Cellulose derivatives and others [exc. esters, ethers]- textiles, fibres||Prior to 1970 see A03-A05.|
A03-B|Current||Natural rubbers||Including isomers such as balata, gutta percha.|
A03-C|Current||Other natural polymers [exc. polysaccharides/natural rubbers/resins/gums/petroleum resin etc.]||e.g. terpene resins, polymerised drying oils.|
A03-C01|Current||Proteinaceous polymers||e.g. gelatin, casein, collagen.|
A03-C02|Current||Natural resins or gums, rosin (abietic acid), lignin|||
A03-C03|Current|(1977-    )|Bituminous plastics||e.g. asphalt, lignite. Prior to 1977 see A03-C.|
A03-C04|Current|(1977-    )|Petroleum resins||i.e. low polymers prepared synthetically from mixed unsaturates, typically found in refinery streams - aliphatic olefins, acyclic, cyclic and bicyclic dienes; styrenes and indenes. Prior to 1977 see A03-C.|
A04|Current||Addition polymers||Polymers of the metal salts of olefinically unsaturated acids are coded according to the valency of the metal e.g. see A04-F04+ for sodium acrylate polymer and A04-B for calcium acrylate polymer. A reference to acrylic resin/polymer with no further details is coded A04-F01+. For acrylic fibres see A04-D02+ or A04-D03+ and A12-S05+. For acrylic sheets see A04-F01+, A04-F06+ and A12-S07+. For acrylic paints and coatings see A04-F01A1 and A12-B01+. A polymer belonging to a particular class in section A04: and also falling within the definition of the code A04-A, is assigned both codes e.g. a monoolefinic acrylate (co)polymer containing Sulphur in the repeat unit is assigned appropriate codes A04-F06+ and A04-A.|
A04-A|Current||Miscellaneous addition (co)polymers [others]||Excluding A04-B: to A04-G:. (e.g. unsaturated monomers containing elements other than C, H, O, N and halogen (excluding metal salts of unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g. sodium acrylate) for which see the corresponding acid) e.g. allyl sulphonic acid, vinyl silanes; or not containing C-C unsaturation. e.g. (SO2).)|
A04-A01|Current||Addition polymers from monomers containing both double and triple C-C bonds||e.g. vinyl acetylene.|
A04-A02|Current||Addition polymers from monomers containing triple C-C bonds only||e.g. acetylene, propargyl alcohol.|
A04-A03|Current||Addition polymers from monomers containing more than two double C-C bonds||e.g. trimethylolpropane triacrylate, diallyl maleate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, polyallyl sucrose (for Carbopols (RTM) with A04-F04+).|
A04-A04|Current||Addition polymers from monomers containing a nitroso group||e.g. trifluoronitrosomethane.|
A04-A05|Current|(1994-    )|Carbon monoxide copolymers|A04-A||
A04-B|Current||Polymers from diolefinic monomers [others]||e.g. dicyclo-pentadiene, piperylene.|
A04-B01|Retired|(1966-1985)|Polymers from diolefinic monomers [general]*||*Applied from the start of Plasdoc to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued.|
A04-B01A|Current|(1970-    )|Polymers from diolefinic monomers [general] production||Prior to 1970 see A04-B01.|
A04-B01B|Current|(1986-    )|Polymers from diolefinic monomers [general] compositions||Prior to 1986 see A04-B01.|
A04-B01C|Current|(1986-    )|Polymers from diolefinic monomers [general] fabrication||Prior to 1986 see A04-B01.|
A04-B01D|Current|(1986-    )|Polymers from diolefinic monomers [general] treatment||Prior to 1986 see A04-B01.|
A04-B01E|Current|(1986-    )|Polymers from diolefinic monomers [general] uses||Prior to 1986 see A04-B01.|
A04-B02|Current||Butadiene homopolymer||Including butadiene rubber.|
A04-B02A|Current|(1970-    )|Butadiene homopolymer production||Prior to 1970 see A04-B02.|
A04-B03|Current||Butadiene with styrene copolymer||Including SBR.|
A04-B03A|Current|(1970-    )|Butadiene with styrene copolymer production||Prior to 1970 see A04-B03.|
A04-B04|Current||Butadiene with acrylonitrile copolymer||Including NBR.|
A04-B05|Current||Butadiene with other monomers [exc. styrene, acrylonitrile]||Excluding with styrene for which see A04-B03+; with acrylonitrile for which search A04-B04 and ABS for which search A04-C03.|
A04-B06|Current||Isoprene homopolymer|||
A04-B07|Current||Isoprene copolymers||Excluding butyl rubber for which see A04-G05A.|
A04-B08|Current||Chloroprene (co)polymers||e.g. neoprene; including other haloprenes.|
A04-B09|Current||Addition polymers from esters containing 2 non-conjugated C-C double bonds||e.g. diallyl phthalates, allyl (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonate).|
A04-B10|Current||Addition polymers from aromatic diolefinic monomers||Excluding A04-B09; e.g. divinyl benzene.|
A04-B11|Current|(1994-    )|Bismaleimide (co)polymers|A04-B||
A04-C|Current||Polymers from (substituted) aromatic monoolefinic monomers [others]||e.g. vinyl naphthalene, indene, coumarone, styrene sulphonic acid, vinyl phenol, chloromethyl styrene, cinnamic acid.|
A04-C01|Current||Polymers from (substituted) aromatic monoolefinic monomers [general]|||
A04-C01A|Current|(1986-    )|Polymers from (substituted) aromatic monoolefinic monomers [general] product||Prior to 1986 see A04-C01.|
A04-C02|Retired|(1966-1967)|Styrene homopolymer*||*For expanded polystyrene see A12-S01+ only. Applied during the pre-70 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A04-C02A|Current|( pre-1970)|Styrene homopolymer production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-C02.|
A04-C02B|Current|( pre-1970)|Styrene homopolymer compositions||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-C02.|
A04-C02B1|Current|(1994-    )|High impact polystyrene|A04-C02+||
A04-C02C|Current|( pre-1970)|Styrene homopolymer fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-C02.|
A04-C02D|Current|( pre-1970)|Styrene homopolymer treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (Pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000 see A04-C02.|
A04-C02E|Current|( pre-1970)|Styrene homopolymer uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,00P see A04-C02.|
A04-C03|Current||Styrene with acrylonitrile and butadiene||i.e. ABS.|
A04-C04|Current||Styrene with other monomers [exc. butadiene]||Excluding with butadiene for which see A04-B03+; for ABS see A04-C03.|
A04-C04A|Current|(1970-    )|Production, compositions of styrene with other monomers [exc. butadiene]||Prior to 1970 see A04-C04.|
A04-C04B|Current|(1994-    )|Styrene with acrylonitrile|A04-C04+, A04-D04+|SAN.|
A04-C05|Current|(1986-    )|Alkyl substituted styrenes (co)polymers||Hydrocarbon only e.g. vinyl toluene, alpha-methyl styrene. Prior to 1986 see A04-C.|
A04-D|Current||Polymers from substituted monoolefinic monomers containing N [others]||e.g. vinylidene cyanide, cyanoacrylates.|
A04-D01|Current||Polymers from substituted monoolefinic monomers containing N [general]|||
A04-D02|Current||(Meth)acrylonitrile homopolymers|||
A04-D02A|Current|(1970-    )|(Meth)acrylonitrile homopolymers production, compositions||Prior to 1970 see A04-D02.|
A04-D02B|Current|(1970-    )|(Meth)acrylonitrile homopolymers - fibres, textiles||Prior to 1970 see A04-D02.|
A04-D03|Current||(Meth)acrylonitrile copolymers||Excluding ABS for which see A04-C03 and acrylonitrile with butadiene for which see A04-B04.|
A04-D03A|Current|(1970-    )|(Meth)acrylonitrile copolymers production, compositions||Prior to 1970 see A04-D03.|
A04-D03B|Current|(1970-    )|(Meth)acrylonitrile copolymers - fibres, textiles||Prior to 1970 see A04-D03.|
A04-D04|Current||(Meth)acrylamide (co)polymers (optionally substituted)|||
A04-D04A|Current|(1970-    )|Uses of (meth)acrylamide (co)polymers (optionally substituted)||Prior to 1970 see A04-D04.|
A04-D04A1|Current|(1986-    )|(Meth)acrylamide (co)polymers in adhesives; coatings; (electro) photographic, laboratory, optical||Prior to 1986 see A04-D04A.|
A04-D04A2|Current|(1986-    )|(Meth)acrylamide (co)polymers (optionally substituted) in mining, chemical engineering||Prior to 1986 see A04-D04A.|
A04-D05|Current||Vinyl lactams (co)polymers|||
A04-D05A|Current|(1994-    )|Vinyl pyrrolidones (co)polymers|A04-D05||
A04-D06|Current||Vinyl carbazoles (co)polymers|||
A04-D07|Current||Vinyl pyridines (co)polymers|||
A04-D08|Current|(1977-    )|Other vinyl heterocyclics (co)polymers; (substituted) maleimides||Excluding A04-D05, A04-D06, A04-D07. Prior to 1977 see A04-D.|
A04-D09|Current|(1977-    )|Other monoolefinic amines (co)polymers||Excluding A04-D02 to A04-D08; including (quaternary ammonium) salts thereof, e.g. aminoalkyl (meth) acrylates, non-vinyl heterocyclic amines. Prior to 1977 see A04-D.|
A04-E|Current||Polymers from nitrogen-free, halogen-substituted aliphatic monoolefinic monomers [others]||e.g. allyl chloride, chloroethyl vinyl ether.|
A04-E01|Current||Polymers from nitrogen-free, halogen-substituted aliphatic monoolefinic monomers [general]|||
A04-E02|Retired|(1966-1967)|Vinyl chloride homopolymer*||*Applied during the pre-70 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,0001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A04-E02A|Current|( pre-1970)|Vinyl chloride homopolymer production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-E02.|
A04-E02B|Current|( pre-1970)|Vinyl chloride homopolymer compounding||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-E02.|
A04-E02C|Current|( pre-1970)|Vinyl chloride homopolymer fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-E02.|
A04-E02D|Current|( pre-1970)|Vinyl chloride homopolymer treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-E02.|
A04-E02E|Current|( pre-1970)|Vinyl chloride homopolymer uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-E02.|
A04-E02E1|Current|(1970-    )|Vinyl chloride homopolymer use in chemical, electrical, mechanical, building, or civil engineering||Prior to 1970 see A04-E02E.|
A04-E02E2|Current|(1970-    )|Vinyl chloride homopolymer use as adhesives and binders; coatings||Prior to 1970 see A04-E02E.|
A04-E03|Retired|(1966-1967)|Vinyl chloride copolymers*||*Applied from the start of Plasdoc to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued.|
A04-E03A|Current|(1970-    )|Vinyl chloride copolymers production||Prior to 1970 see A04-E03.|
A04-E03B|Current|(1986-    )|Vinyl chloride copolymers compositions||Prior to 1986 see A04-E03.|
A04-E03C|Current|(1986-    )|Vinyl chloride copolymers fabrication||Prior to 1986 see A04-E03.|
A04-E03D|Current|(1986-    )|Vinyl chloride copolymers treatment||Prior to 1986 see A04-E03.|
A04-E03E|Current|(1986-    )|Vinyl chloride copolymers uses||Prior to 1986 see A04-E03.|
A04-E04|Current||Vinyl bromide, iodide homopolymers|||
A04-E05|Current||Vinyl bromide, iodide copolymers|||
A04-E06|Current||Vinylidene halide homopolymers||Excluding fluoride for which see A04-E10B.|
A04-E07|Current||Vinylidene halide copolymers||Excluding fluoride for which see A04-E10B.|
A04-E08|Current||Tetrafluoroethylene homopolymer (PTFE)|||
A04-E08A|Current|(1970-    )|Tetrafluoroethylene homopolymer (PTFE) production, compositions||Prior to 1970 see A04-E08.|
A04-E08B|Current|(1970-    )|Tetrafluoroethylene homopolymer (PTFE) mechanical engineering uses||Prior to 1970 see A04-E08.|
A04-E09|Current||Tetrafluoroethylene copolymers|||
A04-E10|Current||Fluorine containing other or general (co)polymers|||
A04-E10A|Current|(1986-    )|Vinyl fluoride (co)polymers||Prior to 1986 see A04-E10.|
A04-E10B|Current|(1986-    )|Vinylidene fluoride (co)polymers||Prior to 1986 see A04-E10.|
A04-E10C|Current|(1986-    )|F containing ether (co)polymers||Prior to 1986 see A04-E10.|
A04-E10D|Current|(1986-    )|Other F containing (co)polymers [exc. vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, F contg. ethers]||e.g. hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, fluoro-acrylates. Prior to 1986 see A04-E10.|
A04-F|Current||Polymers from nitrogen- and halogen-free, substituted aliphatic monoolefinic monomers [other]||e.g. vinylene carbonate, allyl alcohol. For polyvinyl acetal, butyral and formal see A10-E02; for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) see A10-E09+. Excluding vinyl or allyl inorganic acids (and their metal salts) or their esters, for which see A04-A.|
A04-F01|Current||Polymers from nitrogen- and halogen-free, substituted aliphatic monoolefinic monomers [general]|||
A04-F01A|Current|(1986-    )|Polymers from nitrogen- and halogen-free, substituted aliphatic monoolefinic monomers - uses||Prior to 1986 see A04-F01.|
A04-F01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Polymers from nitrogen- and halogen-free, substituted aliphatic monoolefinic monomers - adhesives and coatings||Prior to 1986 see A04-F01.|
A04-F02|Current||(Co)polymers from monoolefinic aldehydes||e.g. acrolein.|
A04-F03|Current||(Co)polymers from monoolefinic ketones||e.g. methyl vinyl ketone, methyl isopropenyl ketone.|
A04-F04|Current||(Meth)acrylic acid or anhydride (co)polymers||Including metal and ammonium salts.|
A04-F04A|Current|(1970-    )|(Meth)acrylic acid or anhydride (co)polymers production, compositions||Prior to 1970 see A04-F04.|
A04-F04B|Current|(1970-    )|(Meth)acrylic acid or anhydride (co)polymers use as adhesives and binders; coatings||Prior to 1970 see A04-F04.|
A04-F05|Current||Monoolefinic carboxylic acid or anhydride (co)polymers [exc. (meth)acrylic]||Excluding A04-F04+; including metal and ammonium salts, e.g. maleic anhydride, itaconic acid.|
A04-F06|Retired|(1966-1967)|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers*||*(Including glycidyl acrylates (with A05-A04). Applied during the pre-70 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A04-F06A|Current|( pre-1970)|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-F06.|
A04-F06B|Current|( pre-1970)|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers compositions||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-F06.|
A04-F06C|Current|( pre-1970)|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-F06.|
A04-F06D|Current|( pre-1970)|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-F06.|
A04-F06E|Current|( pre-1970)|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-F06.|
A04-F06E1|Retired|(1970-1985)|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers use as adhesives, coatings*||*Applied from the start of 1970 to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1970 see A04-F06E.|
A04-F06E2|Current|(1970-    )|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers use as textile coatings and finishes||Prior to 1970 see A04-F06E.|
A04-F06E3|Current|(1970-    )|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers use as oil and fuel additives||Prior to 1970 see A04-F06E.|
A04-F06E4|Current|(1986-    )|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers use as (electro)photographic, optical||Prior to 1986 see A04-F06E.|
A04-F06E5|Current|(1986-    )|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers use as medical, dental, cosmetic and veterinary||Prior to 1986 see A04-F06E.|
A04-F06E6|Current|(1986-    )|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers use as adhesives and binders||Prior to 1986 see A04-F06E1.|
A04-F06E7|Current|(1986-    )|(Meth)acrylic ester (co)polymers use as coatings||Excluding A04-F06E2. Prior to 1986 see A04-F06E1.|
A04-F07|Current||Esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids and saturated alcohols (co)polymers [exc. acrylic esters]||Excluding A04-F06+; e.g. dibutyl maleate.|
A04-F08|Current||Vinyl acetate homopolymer|||
A04-F09|Current||Vinyl acetate copolymers||Excluding ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) for which see A04-G07.|
A04-F10|Current||Vinyl carboxylate (co)polymers [exc. vinyl acetate (co)polymers]||Excluding A04-F08, A04-F09; e.g. vinyl butyrate, vinyl stearate.|
A04-F11|Current||Ether (co)polymers||e.g. vinyl isobutyl ether, allyl ethers.|
A04-G|Current||Polymers from unsubstituted (cyclo)-aliphatic monoolefinic monomers [others]||e.g. from hexene-1, norbornene, vinyl cyclohexane; including polyalkenamers i.e. involving ring opening without affecting C-C double bond.|
A04-G01|Retired|(1966-1967)|Polymers from unsubstituted (cyclo)-aliphatic monoolefinic monomers [general]*||*Applied during pre-70 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A04-G01A|Current|( pre-1970)|Polymers from unsubstituted (cyclo)-aliphatic monoolefinic monomers production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,00P see A04-G01.|
A04-G01B|Current|( pre-1970)|Polymers from unsubstituted (cyclo)-aliphatic monoolefinic monomers compositions||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G01.|
A04-G01C|Current|( pre-1970)|Polymers from unsubstituted (cyclo)-aliphatic monoolefinic monomers fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G01.|
A04-G01D|Current|( pre-1970)|Polymers from unsubstituted (cyclo)-aliphatic monoolefinic monomers treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G01.|
A04-G01E|Current|( pre-1970)|Polymers from unsubstituted (cyclo)-aliphatic monoolefinic monomers uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G01.|
A04-G02|Retired|(1966-1967)|Ethylene homopolymer*||*Applied during pre-1970 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,000P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A04-G02A|Current|( pre-1970)|Ethylene homopolymer production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G02.|
A04-G02B|Current|( pre-1970)|Ethylene homopolymer compositions||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G01.|
A04-G02C|Current|( pre-1970)|Ethylene homopolymer fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G02.|
A04-G02D|Current|( pre-1970)|Ethylene homopolymer treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G02.|
A04-G02E|Current|( pre-1970)|Ethylene homopolymer uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G02.|
A04-G02E1|Current|(1970-    )|Ethylene homopolymer uses as adhesives and binders; coatings; textiles||Prior to 1970 see A04-G02E.|
A04-G02E2|Current|(1970-    )|Ethylene homopolymer uses as films; packaging||Prior to 1970 see A04-G02E.|
A04-G02E3|Current|(1970-    )|Ethylene homopolymer use in (electro)photographic; medical; cosmetic and vet; household, office||Prior to 1970 see A04-G02E.|
A04-G02E4|Current|(1986-    )|Ethylene homopolymer uses as electrical and mechanical engineering; building, civil engineering||Prior to 1986 see A04-G02E.|
A04-G03|Retired|(1966-1967)|Propylene homopolymer*||*Applied during pre-1970 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A04-G03A|Current|( pre-1970)|Propylene homopolymer production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G03.|
A04-G03B|Current|( pre-1970)|Propylene homopolymer compositions||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G03.|
A04-G03C|Current|( pre-1970)|Propylene homopolymer fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G03.|
A04-G03D|Current|( pre-1970)|Propylene homopolymer treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G03.|
A04-G03E|Current|( pre-1970)|Propylene homopolymer uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A04-G03.|
A04-G03E1|Current|(1970-    )|Propylene use as films; packaging; (electro) photo; medical, cosmetic and vet; household, office||Prior to 1970 see A04-G03E.|
A04-G04|Current||Butene-1 (co)polymers|||
A04-G05|Current||Isobutene (co)polymers||Excluding with isoprene for which see A04-G05A.|
A04-G05A|Current|(1970-    )|Butyl rubber||i.e. isobutene-isoprene copolymer. Prior to 1970 see A04-G05.|
A04-G06|Current||Ethylene copolymers with olefin-1||Including LLDPE and terpolymers such as EPDM.|
A04-G06A|Current|(1970-    )|Ethylene copolymers with olefin-1 production, compositions||Prior to 1970 see A04-G06.|
A04-G07|Current||Ethylene with vinyl acetate (EVA)|||
A04-G08|Current||Ethylene copolymers||Excluding A04-G06+, A04-G07. See also A04-G11.|
A04-G08A|Current|(1986-    )|Ethylene copolymers with unsaturated acids, anhydrides or esters||For ionomers see A10-E21B. Prior to 1986 see A04-G08.|
A04-G09|Current||Propylene copolymers||Excluding A04-G06+.|
A04-G10|Current||4-methylpentene-1 (co)polymers|||
A04-G11|Current|(1994-    )|Ethylene copolymers, general|A04-G01+, A04-G06+, A04-G07, A04-G08+|Indexed where three or more copolymers of Ethylene are present.|
A04-H|Current|(2002-    )|Addition type resins|||
A04-H00H|Current|(2002-    )|General addition type resin|||
A05|Current||Condensation polymers|||
A05-A|Current||Epoxy resins [others]||i.e. any compound containing 2 or more epoxy groups. For polymers containing epoxy groups by modification see A10-E+ e.g. epoxidised novolacs see A10-E08C. For acrylated epoxy resins (vinyl ester resins) see A10-E07B. (e.g. butadiene diepoxide.)|
A05-A01|Retired|(1966-1967)|Epoxy resins [general]*||*Applied during the pre-70 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,000P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A05-A01A|Current|( pre-1970)|Epoxy resins production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-A01.|
A05-A01B|Current|( pre-1970)|Epoxy resins compositions||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-A01.|
A05-A01B1|Current|(1986-    )|Epoxy resins compositions with crosslinking agent or system||Prior to 1986 see A05-A01B.|
A05-A01C|Current|( pre-1970)|Epoxy resins fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-A01.|
A05-A01D|Current|( pre-1970)|Epoxy resins treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-A01.|
A05-A01E|Current|( pre-1970)|Epoxy resins uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-A01.|
A05-A01E1|Retired|(1966-1967)|Epoxy resins use as adhesives, coatings*||*Applied from the start of 1970 to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1970 see A05-A01E.|
A05-A01E2|Current|(1970-    )|Epoxy resins use as electrical engineering||Including electrical encapsulation. Prior to 1970 see A05-A01E.|
A05-A01E3|Current|(1986-    )|Epoxy resins use as adhesives and binders||Prior to 1986 see A05-A01E1.|
A05-A01E4|Current|(1986-    )|Epoxy resins use as coatings||Prior to 1986 see A05-A01E1.|
A05-A02|Current||Glycidyl ethers of phenols||e.g. bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether.|
A05-A03|Current||Glycidyl ethers of alcohols||e.g. butane diol diglycidyl ether.|
A05-A04|Current||Other glycidyl cpds. [exc. phenols, alcohols]||e.g. diglycidyl carboxylates; diglycidyl derivatives of amines; (co)polymers of glycidyl acrylates (with A04-F06+); polyglycidyl derivatives of isocyanuric acid.|
A05-A05|Current||Cycloaliphatic epoxides||e.g. vinyl cyclohexene diepoxide.|
A05-B|Current||Aminoplasts [others]||e.g. reaction products of aldehyde/ketone with amine/amide, usually involving alkylolation and then polycondensation. For etherified aminoplasts e.g. alkoxylated MF see A10-E08C. (e.g. dicyandiamide-, benzoguanamine-formaldehyde resins.)|
A05-B01|Current||Aminoplasts general|||
A05-B02|Current||Melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins||For 'alkylated' e.g. butylated or methoxy- methylolated MF resins see A10-E08C.|
A05-B03|Current||Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins|||
A05-B04|Current||Ethylene- or propylene-urea (derivatives)-formaldehyde resins|||
A05-C|Current||Phenoplasts [others]||i.e. reaction products of aldehyde/ketone with phenol(s) usually involving alkylolation e.g. methylolation and then polycondensation. Includes resols and novolacs. (e.g. from monohydric, polynuclear phenols.)|
A05-C01|Current||Phenoplasts general|||
A05-C01A|Current|(1970-    )|Phenoplasts production, compositions||Prior to 1970 see A05-C01.|
A05-C01B|Current|(1986-    )|Phenoplasts uses||Prior to 1986 see A05-C01.|
A05-C01B1|Current|(1986-    )|Phenoplasts use as adhesives and binders; coatings; laminates; reinforced plastics||Prior to 1986 see A05-C01.|
A05-C01B2|Current|(1994-    )|Phenoplasts use as (electro)photographic use|A05-C01B||
A05-C02|Current||Phenoplasts from polyhydric phenols and any aldehyde||e.g. resorcinol-formaldehyde resins.|
A05-C03|Current||Phenoplasts from monohydric, mononuclear phenols and formaldehyde||e.g. phenol-formaldehyde, cresol-formaldehyde.|
A05-C03A|Current|(1986-    )|Phenoplasts use as adhesives and binders; coatings; laminates; reinforced plastics||Prior to 1986 see A05-C03.|
A05-C04|Current||Phenoplasts from monohydric, mononuclear phenols and any aldehyde [exc. formaldehyde]|||
A05-D|Current||Unsaturated linear polymers [exc. unsaturated polyesters from unsaturated dibasic acids]||For all non-linear unsaturated polyesters see A05-E08. A reference to polyester with no further details is assumed to be of the type A05-D02+ if used for crosslinkable /reinforced compositions or products. (e.g. unsaturated polyesters from saturated dibasic acids and unsaturated dihydric alcohols.)|
A05-D01|Current||Unsaturated linear polymers [general]|||
A05-D02|Retired|(1966-1967)|Unsaturated polyesters from unsaturated dibasic acids*||*Acids include derivatives e.g. acid halides, anhydrides, esters, metal salts. Applied during the pre-1970 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A05-D02A|Current|( pre-1970)|Unsaturated polyesters from unsaturated dibasic acids production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-D02.|
A05-D02B|Current|( pre-1970)|Unsaturated polyesters from unsaturated dibasic acids compositions||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-D02.|
A05-D02C|Current|( pre-1970)|Unsaturated polyesters from unsaturated dibasic acids fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-D02.|
A05-D02D|Current|( pre-1970)|Unsaturated polyesters from unsaturated dibasic acids treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-D02.|
A05-D02E|Current|( pre-1970)|Unsaturated polyesters from unsaturated dibasic acids uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-D02.|
A05-D02E1|Current|(1970-    )|Unsaturated polyesters from unsaturated dibasic acids use as building, civil||Prior to 1970 see A05-D02E.|
A05-E|Current||Saturated polyesters [others]||Including aromatic unsaturation, but excluding olefinic or acetylenic unsaturation. Acids include derivatives e.g. acid halides, anhydrides, esters, metal salts. Dihydric alcohols and phenols include derivatives e.g. acetates, haloformates. Polyesters which are subsequently used for polyesterurethanes are only searchable in A05-E: if their production is novel. For all polyesterurethanes see A05-G02 except for foams when see A12-S02+. A reference to polyester with no further details is assumed to be of the type A05-E: section if used for fibres, films, paints, and thermoplastic polyester mouldings. (e.g. from dibasic non-carboxylic acids e.g. benzene disulphonic acid; from heterocyclic diacids.)|
A05-E01|Current||Saturated polyesters [general]|||
A05-E01A|Retired|(1970-1985)|Saturated polyesters production, compositions*||*Applied from the start of 1970 to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1970 see A05-E01.|
A05-E01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters production||Prior to 1986 see A05-E01A.|
A05-E01A2|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters compositions||Prior to 1986 see A05-E01A.|
A05-E01B|Current|(1970-    )|Saturated polyesters textiles, textile treatments||Prior to 1970 see A05-E01.|
A05-E01B1|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters textiles - mechanical treatment||Prior to 1986 see A05-E01B.|
A05-E01B2|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters textiles - chemical treatment||Including dyeing. Prior to 1986 see A05-E01B.|
A05-E01B3|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters specific uses||Prior to 1986 see A05-E01B.|
A05-E01C|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters fabrication, treatment||Excluding A05-E01B+. Prior to 1986 see A05-E01.|
A05-E01D|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters uses [exc. textiles, textile treatments]||Excluding A05-E01B+. Prior to 1986 see A05-E01.|
A05-E01D1|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters use as adhesives and binders; coatings||Prior to 1986 see A05-E01.|
A05-E01D2|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters use as electrical engineering||Prior to 1986 see A05-E01.|
A05-E01D3|Current|(1986-    )|Saturated polyesters use as films; packaging||Prior to 1986 see A05-E01.|
A05-E02|Current||Satd. polyesters from aliphatic, diacids and diols or phenols; hydroxyacid; lactone or glycolide|||
A05-E02A|Current|(2005-    )|From saturated, (cyclo)aliphatic, dicarboxylic acids, dihydric alcohols or phenols|||
A05-E02B|Current|(2005-    )|From hydroxyacids e.g. polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxyvalerate||e.g. polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxyvalerate.|
A05-E02C|Current|(2005-    )|From lactones and glycolides|||
A05-E03|Current||Saturated polyesters from isophthalic acid and dihydric alcohols or phenols||Excluding from ring substituted isophthalic e.g. 5-sulphoisophthalic acid, for which see A05-E05. Including from isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.|
A05-E04|Retired|(1966-1967)|Saturated polyesters from terephthalic acid and dihydric alcohols or phenols*||*Excluding from ring substituted terephthalic, for which see A05-E05. Applied during the pre-70 (pre-accession number range 60,001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A05-E04A|Current|( pre-1970)|Saturated polyesters from terephthalic acid and dihydric alcohols or phenols - production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-E04.|
A05-E04B|Current|( pre-1970)|Saturated polyesters from terephthalic acid and dihydric alcohols or phenols - compounding||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pe-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-E04.|
A05-E04C|Current|( pre-1970)|Saturated polyesters from terephthalic acid and dihydric alcohols or phenols - fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-E04.|
A05-E04D|Current|( pre-1970)|Saturated polyesters from terephthalic acid and dihydric alcohols or phenols - treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-E04.|
A05-E04E|Current|( pre-1970)|Saturated polyesters from terephthalic acid and dihydric alcohols or phenols - uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-E04.|
A05-E05|Current||Saturated polyesters from other aromatic di-carboxylic acids and di-hydric alcohols or phenols||i.e. excluding A05-E03, A05-E04+, e.g. from 5-sulpho-isophthalic acid. For saturated polyesters based on naphthalene dicarboxylic acid see A05-E05A.|
A05-E05A|Current|(1994-    )|Saturated polyesters from naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and dihydric alcohol|A05-E05||
A05-E06|Current||Polycarbonates; poly-thiocarbonates|||
A05-E06A|Current|(1986-    )|Polycarbonates; poly-thiocarbonates production; compositions||Prior to 1986 see A05-E06.|
A05-E06B|Current|(1986-    )|Polycarbonates; poly-thiocarbonates uses||Prior to 1986 see A05-E06.|
A05-E07|Current||Polyesteramides; polyesterimides||With A05-J01+.|
A05-E08|Current|(1970-    )|Alkyd resins||All types including glyptal resins, non-linear polyesters, drying oil or non-drying oil derived polyesters. Prior to 1970 see A05-E.|
A05-E09|Current|(1986-    )|Polyetheresters||e.g. Hytrel (RTM). Prior to 1986 see the appropriate A05-E: section and A05-H: section e.g. for production of polybutylene-terephthalate polytetramethylene glycol (Hytrel (RTM) see A05-E04A and A05-H05.|
A05-E10|Current|(1986-    )|Polyarylates||Prior to 1986 see A05-E01+, A05-E03, A05-E04+ and A05-E05.|
A05-F|Current||Polyamides [others]||Contain -CON(R)- groups in the backbone of the repeat unit. Including from S containing acids. Excluding polyesteramides for which see A05-E07. Acids include derivatives e.g. acid halides, anhydrides, esters, metal salts. (e.g. from di-isocyanates and di-acids; polyamideimides (with A05-J01+).)|
A05-F01|Retired|(1966-1967)|Polyamides [general]*||*Applied during the pre-1970 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,0001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A05-F01A|Current|( pre-1970)|Polyamides production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-F01.|
A05-F01B|Retired|(1967-1985)|Polyamides compositions*||*Applied from 80,000P (pre-CPI) to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued. Prior to 80,000P see A05-F01.|
A05-F01B1|Current|(1986-    )|Polyamides compositions with additives||Including polymeric. Prior to 1986 see A05-F01B.|
A05-F01B2|Current|(1986-    )|Polyamides compositions with polymers||i.e. mixture. Prior to 1986 see A05-F01B.|
A05-F01C|Current|( pre-1970)|Polyamides fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-F01.|
A05-F01D|Current|( pre-1970)|Polyamides treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-F01.|
A05-F01E|Current|( pre-1970)|Polyamides uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-F01.|
A05-F01E1|Current|(1970-    )|Polyamides use as textiles||Prior to 1970 see A05-F01E.|
A05-F01E2|Current|(1970-    )|Polyamides use in electrical and mechanical engineering||Prior to 1970 see A05-F01E.|
A05-F01E3|Current|(1986-    )|Polyamides use in films; packaging; medical/dental/cosmetic/veterinary; (electro) photographic||Prior to 1986 see A05-F01E.|
A05-F02|Current||Polyamides from aliphatic dibasic acid(s) and any diamine(s)||e.g. nylon 6:6 and nylon 6:10.|
A05-F03|Current||Polyamides from lactam(s) and/or amino acid(s)||e.g. nylon 6, nylon 11.|
A05-F04|Current||Polyaminoamides from polymerised vegetable oil acids and polyamino components (versamids(RTM))|||
A05-F05|Current|(1986-    )|Polyamides from aromatic dicarboxylic acid(s) and aromatic diamine(s) only||Including aramids, 'Kevlar' (RTM). Prior to 1986 see A05-F.|
A05-G|Current||Polyurethanes [others]||Contain -NHCOO- groups in the backbone of the repeat unit. For polyurethane foams see A12-S02+ only. Includes polythiourethanes. For polyurethane polyurea see also A05-J04. Isocyanates may be blocked isocyanates (with A02-C). (e.g. from polybutadiene diol and isocyanate(s); from bis-haloformates and diamines.)|
A05-G01|Retired|(1966-1967)|Polyurethanes [general]*||*Applied during the pre-70 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A05-G01A|Current|( pre-1970)|Polyurethanes production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,001P see A05-G01.|
A05-G01B|Current|( pre-1970)|Polyurethanes compositions||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-G01.|
A05-G01C|Current|( pre-1970)|Polyurethanes fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-G01.|
A05-G01D|Current|( pre-1970)|Polyurethanes treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-G01.|
A05-G01E|Current|( pre-1970)|Polyurethanes uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI) to date. Prior to 80,000P see A05-G01.|
A05-G01E1|Current|(1970-    )|Polyurethanes use as coatings||Prior to 1970 see A05-G01E.|
A05-G01E2|Current|(1986-    )|Polyurethanes use in electrical and mechanical engineering||Prior to 1986 see A05-G01E.|
A05-G02|Current||Polyurethanes from polyester polyol(s) and isocyanate(s)||For polyester polyols do not search code(s) from A05-E:, see note under Polyesters.|
A05-G03|Current||Polyurethanes from polyether polyol(s) and isocyanate(s)||For polyether polyols do not search code(s) from A05-H:, see note under Polyethers.|
A05-G04|Current||Polyurethanes from monomeric polyols and isocyanate||e.g. from butane diol.|
A05-H|Current||Polyethers [others (e.g. polyglycerol)]||Polyethers which are subsequently used for polyetherurethanes are only searchable in A05-H: if their production is novel. For all polyetherurethanes see A05-G03 except for foams when see A12-S02+. For end modified polyalkylene oxides see A10-E+ e.g. for polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether see A10-E08B. (e.g. Polyglycerol)|
A05-H01|Current||Polyethers [general]|||
A05-H01A|Current|(1986-    )|Polyethers production, compositions||Prior to 1986 see A05-H01.|
A05-H01B|Current|(1986-    )|Polyethers uses||Prior to 1986 see A05-H01.|
A05-H02|Current||Oxymethylene (co)polymers (acetal resin)||Including formaldehyde homologues e.g. trioxane.|
A05-H02A|Current|(1970-    )|Oxymethylene (co)polymers production, compositions||Prior to 1970 see A05-H02.|
A05-H03|Current||Oxyethylene (co)polymers|||
A05-H03A|Current|(1970-    )|Oxyethylene (co)polymers production, compositions||Prior to 1970 see A05-H03.|
A05-H03A1|Current|(2002-    )|Oxyethylene homopolymer production|||
A05-H03A2|Current|(2002-    )|Oxyethylene copolymer production|||
A05-H03A3|Current|(2002-    )|Oxyethylene homopolymer compositions|||
A05-H03A4|Current|(2002-    )|Oxyethylene copolymer compositions|||
A05-H04|Current||Oxypropylene (co)polymers||Including epihalohydrin polymers.|
A05-H04A|Current|(2002-    )|Production, compositions general|||
A05-H04A1|Current|(2002-    )|Oxypropylene homopolymer production|||
A05-H04A2|Current|(2002-    )|Oxypropylene copolymer production|||
A05-H04A3|Current|(2002-    )|Oxypropylene homopolymer compositions|||
A05-H04A4|Current|(2002-    )|Oxypropylene copolymer compositions|||
A05-H05|Current||Polyethers from furans and derivatives||e.g. polytetrahydrofuran.|
A05-H06|Current||Phenoxy resins||i.e. from dihydric phenols, including bisphenols, and epihalohydrins; excluding A05-A02.|
A05-H07|Current||Aromatic polyethers [exc. phenoxy resins]||Excluding A05-H06.|
A05-H07A|Current|(1994-    )|Polyarylene ethers|A05-H07||
A05-J|Current||Other condensation polymers [others][exc. A05-A01-A05-J11]||Excluding A05-A01 to A05-J11; e.g. furan resins (from furfuryl alcohol), Friedel Crafts resins, poly-p-xylylene and phenol- terpene resins.|
A05-J01|Current||Polyimides||e.g. formed from a tetracarboxylic acid and a diamine. Including polyamic acid. For polyamideimides see also A05-F.|
A05-J01A|Current|(1986-    )|Polyimides production, compositions||Prior to 1986 see A05-J01.|
A05-J01B|Current|(1986-    )|Polyimides uses||Prior to 1986 see A05-J01.|
A05-J02|Current||Heterocyclic polymers produced by cyclisation during polycondensation||Excluding A05-J01+; e.g. polyparabanic acid, polyhydantoins, polyoxazoli(di)nes; poly(iso)cyanurates; polybenzimidazoles.|
A05-J03|Current||Polyanhydrides|||
A05-J04|Current||Polyureas; polythioureas||e.g. from polyamines and polyisocyanates.|
A05-J05|Current||Polysulphides; poly-episulphides (polythioethers, thiokols); polyene-polythiol polymers|||
A05-J05A|Current|(1994-    )|Poly (arylene sulphides)|A05-J05|e.g. polyphenylene sulphide.|
A05-J06|Current||Polysulphones||All types including polyethers containing sulphone group(s) from 1986. For earlier references see A05-H07.|
A05-J07|Current||Polyalkylene imines||e.g. polyethylene imine.|
A05-J08|Current|(1970-    )|Aldehyde or ketone condensates||Excluding A05-B:, A05-C:, A05-H02+; e.g. naphthalene sulphonic acid-formaldehyde condensates, furfural resins. Prior to 1970 see A05-J.|
A05-J09|Current|(1977-    )|Amine-epihalohydrin polymers; polycarbodiimides, polyhydrazides||Prior to 1977 see A05-J.|
A05-J10|Current|(1986-    )|Polyketones||Including poly(ether) ether ketones e.g. PEEK (RTM). Prior to 1986 see A05-J and A05-H07 for structures such as -(OCC6H4C00C6H4)n and -(OC6H4OC6H4C0C6H4)n respectively.|
A05-J11|Current|(1986-    )|Polyimines||Excluding polyalkylene imines for which see A05-J07; A05-J09; e.g. polyamine-polymaleimide resins. Prior to 1986 see A05-J.|
A05-J12|Current|(1994-    )|Polypyrroles and polythiophenes|A05-J|Optionally substituted.|
A05-K|Current|(2002-    )|Condensation type resins|||
A05-K00K|Current|(2002-    )|General condensation type resin|||
A06|Current||Inorganic polymers||Natural inorganic polymers such as silicates are not indexed in section A.|
A06-A|Retired|(1966-1967)|Inorganic silicon polymers [general]*||*Including silicones, polysiloxanes, polysilazanes. Applied during the pre-1970 (pre-CPI) accession number range 60,001P - 79,999P and was then discontinued.|
A06-A00A|Current|( pre-1970)|Inorganic silicon polymers production||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI to date). Prior to 80,000P see A06-A.|
A06-A00B|Current|( pre-1970)|Inorganic silicon polymers compositions||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI to date). Prior to 80,000P see A06-A|
A06-A00C|Current|( pre-1970)|Inorganic silicon polymers fabrication||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI to date). Prior to 80,000P see A06-A.|
A06-A00D|Current|( pre-1970)|Inorganic silicon polymers treatment||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI to date). Prior to 80,000P see A06-A.|
A06-A00E|Current|( pre-1970)|Inorganic silicon polymers uses||Applied during the accession number range 80,000P (pre-CPI to date). Prior to 80,000P see A06-A.|
A06-A00E1|Current|(1970-    )|Inorganic silicon polymers use as adhesives and binders; coatings, textile treatment||Prior to 1970 see A06-A00E.|
A06-A00E2|Current|(1970-    )|Inorganic silicon polymers use in chemical, electrical and mechanical engineering||Prior to 1970 see A06-A00E.|
A06-A00E3|Current|(1986-    )|Inorganic silicon polymers use as medical, dental, cosmetic and veterinary||Prior to 1986 see A06-A00E.|
A06-A00E4|Current|(1986-    )|Inorganic silicon polymers use as (electro)photographic; printing; optical||Prior to 1986 see A06-A00E.|
A06-B|Current||Inorganic phosphorus polymers||i.e. Phosphorus present in repeat unit and not by modification e.g. polyphosphazenes.|
A06-C|Current||Inorganic boron polymers||i.e. Boron present in repeat unit and not by modification e.g. polycarboranes.|
A06-D|Current||Inorganic metal or metalloid containing polymers||i.e. metal(loid) in repeat unit and not by modification; e.g. polygermanates, polytitanates.|
A06-D01|Current|(1994-    )|Alum(in)oxanes|A06-D||
A07|Current||Polymer blends, aqueous dispersions|||
A07-A|Retired|(1966-1969)|Mixtures of polymers [mixtures]*||*Used for genuine mixtures only and not for polymeric additives. N.B. Natural polymers are those coded in A03:, addition polymers are those coded in A04: condensation polymers are those coded in A05: and A06:. Applied from the start of Plasdoc to the end of 1969 and was then discontinued.|
A07-A01|Current|(1970-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing natural polymers||Excluding natural rubber for which see A07-A02A. Prior to 1970 see A07-A.|
A07-A01A|Current|(1986-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing tar, pitch, bitumen and/or petroleum resins||Prior to 1986 see A07-A01.|
A07-A02|Current|(1970-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing addition (co)polymers only||The following sub-divisions are hierarchical e.g. a PVC-polyolefin mixture is coded A07-A02B only. Prior to 1970 see A07-A.|
A07-A02A|Current|(1977-    )|Mixtures of polymers from diolefinic monomers or natural rubber||Prior to 1977 see A07-A02.|
A07-A02A1|Current|(1986-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing butadiene (co) polymers||Prior to 1986 see A07-A02A.|
A07-A02B|Current|(1977-    )|Mixtures of polymers from nitrogen or halogen containing monoolefinic monomers||Prior to 1977 see A07-A02.|
A07-A02C|Current|(1977-    )|Polymer mixtures from aliphatic substituted monoolefinic monomers not containing nitrogen/halogen||Prior to 1977 see A07-A02.|
A07-A02D|Current|(1977-    )|Mixtures of polymers from monoolefinic aliphatic hydrocarbons||No other polymer type in blend. Prior to 1977 see A07-A02.|
A07-A03|Current|(1970-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing condensation polymers only||Prior to 1970 see A07-A.|
A07-A03A|Current|(1986-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing saturated polyester and/or polycarbonate||Prior to 1986 see A07-A03.|
A07-A03B|Current|(1986-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing epoxy resin||Prior to 1986 see A07-A03.|
A07-A03C|Current|(1986-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing polyamide, polyurethane and/or polyether||Prior to 1986 see A07-A03.|
A07-A03D|Current|(1986-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing unsaturated polyester, alkyd, aminoplast and/or phenoplast||Prior to 1986 see A07-A03.|
A07-A04|Current|(1970-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing mixtures of addition and condensation polymers||Prior to 1970 see A07-A.|
A07-A04A|Current|(1977-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing addition polymer(s) and epoxy resin||Prior to 1977 see A07-A04.|
A07-A04B|Current|(1977-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing addition polymer(s) and phenoplast and/or aminoplast||Prior to 1977 see A07-A04.|
A07-A04C|Current|(1977-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing addition polymer(s) and unsaturated polyester||Prior to 1977 see A07-A04.|
A07-A04D|Current|(1977-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing addition polymer(s) and saturated polyester||Including alkyds. Prior to 1977 see A07-A04.|
A07-A04E|Current|(1977-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing addition polymer(s) and polyamide, polyurethane and/or polyether||Prior to 1977 see A07-A04.|
A07-A04F|Current|(1977-    )|Mixtures of polymers containing addition polymer(s) and other condensation polymer(s)||Prior to 1977 see A07-A04.|
A07-A05|Current|(2002-    )|Unspecified polymer|||
A07-B|Current||Aqueous dispersions and latexes [general]|||
A07-B01|Current|(1970-    )|Rubber latexes||Natural or synthetic. Prior to 1970 see A07-B.|
A07-B02|Current|(1977-    )|Acrylic polymer dispersions||Prior to 1977 see A07-B.|
A07-B03|Current|(1977-    )|Other addition polymer dispersions [exc. rubber and acrylic]||Prior to 1977 see A07-B.|
A07-B04|Current|(1977-    )|Natural and/or condensation polymer dispersions||Prior to 1977 see A07-B.|
A08|Current||Additives||This section covers all the conventional additives or materials associated with polymers. Some of these directly affect the properties of polymers (plasticisers, antioxidants etc.) while others affect indirectly e.g. emulsifiers for emulsion polymerisation, biocides for marine paints etc. Polymeric additives (not blends for which see A07-A: section) are included. See appropriate A08-A: through A08-S: sections in addition to the appropriate polymer code(s). Coding A08-M09+ code may involve additional code from A08-R: section (e.g. A08-R03 for carbon black conductive filler) and from A09-A: section (e.g. A09-A03 for conductivity). Expanded (e.g. microballoons) fillers are coded in the appropriate code from A08-R: section. For syntactic foam see A12-W12. The starting materials, the intermediates, processes and the catalysts used in the production of non-polymeric additives are not coded.|
A08-A|Current||Stabilisers [others]||e.g. viscosity stabiliser, (water) treeing/tracking stabiliser.|
A08-A01|Current||Stabilisers [general]||Including multi- functional e.g. one compound acting as heat and light stabiliser.|
A08-A01A|Current|(1986-    )|Stabilisers for addition polymers||Prior to 1986 see A08-A01.|
A08-A01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Stabilisers for aliphatic monoolefinic (co)polymers||Hydrocarbon only. Prior to 1986 see A08-A01.|
A08-A01B|Current|(1986-    )|Stabilisers for condensation polymers||Prior to 1986 see A08-A01.|
A08-A02|Current||Stabilisers against ionising radiation|||
A08-A03|Current||Stabilisers against light or UV|||
A08-A04|Current||Stabilisers against heat|||
A08-A04A|Current|(1970-    )|Metal containing stabilisers||Including Boron and Silicon. Prior to 1970 see A08-A04.|
A08-A05|Current||Antiozonant|||
A08-A06|Current||Antioxidant|||
A08-A07|Current||Metal inhibitors, chelating and sequestering agents|||
A08-B|Current||Blowing agents and pore formers [others]||For intumescing agents search the appropriate code from this section and the appropriate code from A08-F:.|
A08-B01|Current||Blowing agents and pore formers [general]|||
A08-B02|Current||Blowing agents and pore formers - compounds releasing carbon dioxide||e.g. (bi)carbonate.|
A08-B03|Current||Blowing agents and pore formers - compounds releasing nitrogen||e.g. azobisisobutyronitrile.|
A08-B04|Current||Blowing agents and pore formers - volatile materials; soluble materials||i.e. pore formers.|
A08-B04A|Current|(1994-    )|Halohydrocarbon volatile blowing agents|A08-B04|Includes perhalogenated compounds and Freons (RTM).|
A08-B04B|Current|(1994-    )|Halogen free volatile blowing agents|A08-B04|e.g. pressurised gases, hydrocarbons.|
A08-C|Current||Crosslinkers, vulcanisers, accelerators and activators for addition polymers [other]||e.g. non-metallic halonium salts.|
A08-C01|Current||Crosslinkers, vulcanisers, accelerators and activators for addition polymers [general]|||
A08-C02|Current||Crosslinking activators||e.g. ZnO.|
A08-C03|Current||Crosslinking accelerators||e.g. mercaptothiazoles, dithiocarbamates, guanidines, aminoaldehyde condensates.|
A08-C04|Current||Sulphur(containing) crosslinkers||Excluding A08-C05.|
A08-C05|Current||Peroxides, persalts and other oxidisers crosslinkers||e.g. hydroperoxides, potassium persulphate.|
A08-C06|Current||Anti-scorch agents, cure retarders|||
A08-C07|Current|(1977-    )|Olefinically unsaturated monomeric crosslinkers||e.g. ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. Prior to 1977 see A08-C.|
A08-C07A|Current|(1986-    )|Styrene crosslinker||Prior to 1986 see A08-C07.|
A08-C08|Current|(1977-    )|Polymeric crosslinker||Prior to 1977 see A08-C.|
A08-C09|Current|(1977-    )|Phenol, nitrogen or metal containing compounds crosslinkers||Excluding A08-C04, A08-C05, A08-C07, A08-C08; e.g. azobisisobutyronitrile, BF3. Prior to 1977 see A08-C.|
A08-C09A|Current|(1994-    )|Isocyanate crosslinkers|A08-C09|Excluding A08-C04, A08-C05, A08-C07 and A08-C08.|
A08-C10|Current|(1994-    )|Water crosslinker|A08-C||
A08-D|Current||Crosslinkers and accelerators for other polymers [exc. addition and ethylenically unsatd.] [others]||Excluding those covered by A08-C: (e.g. peroxides, persalts.)|
A08-D01|Current||Crosslinkers and accelerators for other polymers [exc. addition and ethylenically unsatd. polymers] [general]|||
A08-D02|Current||Acids and anhydrides crosslinkers and accelerators for other polymers|||
A08-D03|Current||Amines crosslinkers and accelerators for other polymers||e.g. aminophenols, imidazoles, hexamethylene tetramine, ammonium chloride, including hydrazine and hydrazides.|
A08-D04|Current||Nitrogen containing compounds crosslinkers and accelerators for other polymers||Excluding A08-D03 ; e.g. polyamides.|
A08-D04A|Current|(1986-    )|(Poly)isocyanates crosslinkers and accelerators for other polymers||Optionally blocked. Prior to 1986 see A08-D04.|
A08-D05|Current|(1986-    )|Metal containing compounds and polymers thereof crosslinkers and accelerators for other polymers||Including Boron, Phosphorus, Silicon. Prior to 1986 see A08-D.|
A08-D06|Current|(1994-    )|Water crosslinker crosslinkers and accelerators for other polymers|A08-D||
A08-E|Current||Dyes and pigments||i.e. surface colouring agents and bulk colouring agents respectively.|
A08-E01|Current||Dyes and pigments [general]||Including printing pastes.|
A08-E02|Current||Inorganic pigments||Including inorganic delustrants, brighteners e.g. TiO2.|
A08-E03|Current||Organic dyes|||
A08-E03A|Current|(1970-    )|Azo dyes||Prior to 1970 see A08-E03.|
A08-E03A1|Current|(1977-    )|Monoazo, water soluble dyes||Prior to 1977 see A08-E03A.|
A08-E03A2|Current|(1977-    )|Monoazo, water insoluble dyes||Prior to 1977 see A08-E03A.|
A08-E03A3|Current|(1977-    )|Dis- and polyazo dyes||Prior to 1977 see A08-E03A.|
A08-E03B|Current|(1970-    )|Anthraquinone dyes||Prior to 1970 see A08-E03.|
A08-E03C|Current|(1970-    )|Optical brighteners||Including delustrants, flatt(en)ing agents. Prior to 1970 see A08-E03.|
A08-E04|Current||Organic pigments|||
A08-F|Current||Flame retardants [others]||For intumescing agents search the appropriate code from this section and the appropriate code from A08-B:. (Including smoke inhibitors.)|
A08-F01|Current||Flame retardants [general]|||
A08-F02|Current||Flame retardants - antimony containing compounds||e.g. Sb2O3.|
A08-F03|Current||Flame retardants - phosphorus containing compounds||e.g. red Phosphorus, tricresyl phosphate.|
A08-F04|Current||Halogen containing flame retardants|||
A08-F04A|Current|(1977-    )|Halogen containing flame retardants - polymeric||e.g. chlorinated polyethylene. Prior to 1977 see A08-F04.|
A08-F04B|Current|(1977-    )|Halogen containing flame retardants - non-polymeric aromatic or heterocyclic||With direct halogen-ring bond(s) e.g. tetrabromo bisphenol A. Prior to 1977 see A08-F04.|
A08-F04C|Current|(1977-    )|Halogen containing flame retardants - non-polymeric (cyclo) aliphatic compounds||e.g. carbon tetrabromide, hexabromocyclododecane. Prior to 1977 see A08-F04.|
A08-F05|Current|(1994-    )|Aluminium hydroxide flame retardant|A08-F||
A08-M|Current||Miscellaneous agents or additives [others]||Includes additives of unspecified function.|
A08-M01|Current||Adhesion improvers, subbing agents, bonding aids||i.e. agents to improve the adhesiveness between polymer and substrate.|
A08-M01A|Current|(1970-    )|Dyeing and printing aids, dye receptiveness improving agents, dye levellers,||Including polymeric. Prior to 1970 see A08-M01.|
A08-M01B|Current|(1977-    )|Polymeric adhesion improvers||Prior to 1977 see A08-M01.|
A08-M01C|Current|(1977-    )|Acids, metal compounds adhesion improvers||e.g. organo-Aluminium or Titanium compounds. Prior to 1977 see A08-M01.|
A08-M01D|Current|(1977-    )|Silicon containing compounds adhesion improvers||e.g. alkoxy silanes, vinyl silanes. Prior to 1977 see A08-M01.|
A08-M02|Current||Antiseptic, fungicidal, animal repellents||e.g. Tin compounds, Copper compounds.|
A08-M03|Current||Lubricants, mould release agents||e.g. silicones, metal stearates.|
A08-M03A|Current|(1986-    )|Lubricants and oiling agents for fibres and textiles||Prior to 1986 see A08-M03.|
A08-M03B|Current|(1986-    )|Mould release agents; internal lubricants||Prior to 1986 see A08-M03.|
A08-M04|Current||Odorants, deodorants|||
A08-M05|Current||Tackifiers|||
A08-M06|Current||Viscosity modifiers||Excluding A08-A; including thixotropic agents.|
A08-M07|Current|(1970-    )|Antiblocking agents, dusting agents, slip agents||i.e. materials applied to polymer surfaces to reduce their adhesiveness e.g. talc. Prior to 1970 see A08-M.|
A08-M08|Current|(1977-    )|Prodegradants, peptising agents||Prior to 1977 see A08-M.|
A08-M09|Current|(1977-    )|Agents affecting mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic and thermal properties||Applied from the start of 1977 to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1977 see A08-M.|
A08-M09A|Current|(1986-    )|Agents affecting electrical, magnetic properties||Prior to 1986 see A08-M09.|
A08-M09A1|Current|(2011-    )|Carbon electroconductivity agent|||
A08-M09B|Current|(1986-    )|Agents affecting mechanical properties||Prior to 1986 see A08-M09.|
A08-M09C|Current|(1986-    )|Agents affecting optical; thermal properties||Prior to 1986 see A08-M09.|
A08-M09C1|Current|(2011-    )|Carbon thermal conductivity agent|||
A08-M10A|New|(2017-    )|Compatibility improver|||
A08-P|Current||Plasticisers and extenders [others]||e.g. glycerine, thioethers.|
A08-P01|Current||Plasticisers and extenders [general]|||
A08-P02|Current||Phthalates plasticisers and extenders|||
A08-P03|Current||Other aromatic acid esters plasticisers and extenders [exc. phthalates]||Excluding A08-P02; e.g. trimellitates.|
A08-P04|Old|(1963-2016)|Aliphatic acid esters plasticisers and extenders||e.g. adipates, sebacates.|
A08-P04|Changed|(2017-    )|(Cyclo)Aliphatic carboxylic acid esters||e.g. adipates, sebacates. Including cyclohexyl carboxylic acid esters.|
A08-P05|Current||Inorganic acid esters plasticisers and extenders||e.g. phosphates.|
A08-P06|Current||Hydroxy acid esters plasticisers and extenders||e.g. citrates.|
A08-P07|Current||Epoxy compounds as plasticisers and extenders||e.g. epoxidised soybean oil.|
A08-P08|Current||Coal tar fractions, oils, waxes, hydrocarbons plasticisers and extenders||Excluding A08-P02 to A08-P07.|
A08-R|Current||Fillers and reinforcing agents [others]||Including metal compounds e.g. CaCO3, BaSO4.|
A08-R01|Current||Fillers and reinforcing agents [general]|||
A08-R02|Current||Asbestos fillers and reinforcing agents|||
A08-R03|Current||Carbon fillers and reinforcing agents||Including carbon black, graphite (non-fibrous).|
A08-R03A|Current|(1986-    )|Fibrous carbon fillers and reinforcing agents||Prior to 1986 see A08-R03.|
A08-R04|Current||Glass fillers and reinforcing agents||Any form, including fibres, flake, powder, microspheres. See also A12-S08B.|
A08-R05|Current||Metal fillers and reinforcing agents||Including Boron, Phosphorus, Silicon; excluding compounds of metals.|
A08-R06|Retired|(1966-1985)|Silica and silicates fillers and reinforcing agents*||*Applied from the start of Plasdoc to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued.|
A08-R06A|Current|(1986-    )|Silica fillers and reinforcing agents||Including SiO2, sand, quartz, white carbon, aerosil, silicic acid, diatomite. Prior to 1986 see A08-R06.|
A08-R06B|Current|(1986-    )|Silicates fillers and reinforcing agents||Including talc, mica, kaolin, clay, zeolite, wollastonite. Prior to 1986 see A08-R06.|
A08-R07|Current||Cellulosic fillers and reinforcing agents||Including wood powder/sawdust, shavings. Not to be searched for chipboard, hardboard or fibreboard, for which see A12-A04+.|
A08-R08|Current||Polymeric fillers and reinforcing agents|||
A08-R08A|Current|(1994-    )|Fibrous polymeric fillers|A08-R08||
A08-R08B|Current|(1994-    )|Particulate polymeric fillers|A08-R08||
A08-R09|Current|(1986-    )|Whiskers fillers and reinforcing agents||e.g. potassium titanate. Prior to 1986 see A08-R.|
A08-S|Current||Surface active agents [others]||Excluding adhesion improvers, tackifiers, lubricants, antiblocking agents, for which see A08-M:. (Including coagulants.)|
A08-S01|Current||Surface active agents [general]|||
A08-S02|Current||Solvents; swelling agents|||
A08-S03|Current||Anti-foaming agents|||
A08-S04|Current||Anti-static agents|||
A08-S05|Current||Emulsifiers; wetting agents|||
A08-S06|Current||Protective colloids|||
A08-S07|Current|(1977-    )|Foam stabilisers; cell control agents||Prior to 1977 see A08-S.|
A08-S08|Current|(1977-    )|Absorption agents; repellence agents||Including scale inhibitors. For use of polymeric repellant finishes on fibres see A12-G03 only. Prior to 1977 see A08-S.|
A09|Current||Properties, analysis, testing, control|||
A09-A|Current||Properties [others]||Coded only where the particular property is of exceptional importance. Properties resulting from a functional additive are not coded. However, properties related to polymer structure are coded. (e.g. fungicidal.)|
A09-A01|Current||Non-flammability properties|||
A09-A01A|Current|(1970-    )|Thermal properties||Including heat stability. Prior to 1970 see A09-A01.|
A09-A02|Current||Optical properties||Including transparency and refractive index.|
A09-A02A|Current|(1986-    )|Liquid crystal, nematic properties||e.g. optically anisotropic melt. Prior to 1986 no specific code was available.|
A09-A03|Current||Electrical properties||e.g. (non)-conductivity. Including for (doped) polyacetylenes.|
A09-A03A|Current|(2002-    )|Electroluminescent property|||
A09-A04|Current||Magnetic properties|||
A09-A05|Current||Mechanical properties|||
A09-A05A|Current|(1986-    )|Impact strength, toughness||Prior to 1986 see A09-A05.|
A09-A05B|Old|(2005-2016)|Shape-memory property|||
A09-A05B|Changed|(2017-    )|Shape-memory property||Includes self-healing, self-repairing. Prior to 2005 see A09-A05.|
A09-A06|Current|(1977-    )|Dyeability, printability||Prior to 1977 see A09-A.|
A09-A07|Current|(1994-    )|Biodegradability|A09-A||
A09-A08|Current|(1994-    )|Absorption/adsorption properties|A09-A||
A09-A09|Current|(1994-    )|Permeability properties|A09-A|Includes semipermeability and gas barrier properties.|
A09-B|Current||Analysis||i.e. of chemical constitution.|
A09-C|Current||Testing||i.e. of physical properties.|
A09-D|Current||Equipment control, safety devices||Applied from the start of Plasdoc to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued.|
A09-D01|Current|(1986-    )|Equipment control, safety devices for moulding processes||i.e. involving moulds e.g. injection. Prior to 1986 see A09-D.|
A09-D02|Current|(1986-    )|Equipment control, safety devices involving extruders||Prior to 1986 see A09-D.|
A09-D03|Current|(1986-    )|Equipment control, safety devices others [exc. for moulding processes, involving extruders]||Prior to 1986 see A09-D.|
A10|Current||Polymerisation, polymer modification||Addition (co)polymerisation of alkylene oxides, lactones, lactams, alkylene-imines is coded under A10-D: section only. For microsuspension polymerisation see A10-B03 and A10-B05. For inverse phase polymerisation see A10-B02, A10-B05 and A10-B. For descaling of plant see A10-G02. For descaling additive see also A08-S08. Treatment of effluent following polymerisation is coded under A10-G.|
A10-A|Current||Natural polymer production||Excluding modification of natural polymers; including petroleum resin production, extraction of natural polymers e.g. tapping of rubber trees.|
A10-B|Current||Addition (co)polymerisation [other]||Excluding A10-C:. (e.g. gaseous phase, high pressure.)|
A10-B01|Current||Addition (co)polymerisation [general]||Including equipment.|
A10-B02|Current||Bulk addition (co)polymerisation|||
A10-B03|Current||Emulsion addition (co)polymerisation|||
A10-B04|Current||Solution addition (co)polymerisation|||
A10-B05|Current||Suspension addition (co)polymerisation|||
A10-B06|Current||Irradiation addition (co)polymerisation|||
A10-B07|Current||Interfacial addition (co)polymerisation|||
A10-B08|Current|(1970-    )|Oligomerisation; telomerisation||Including dimerisation. Prior to 1970 see A10-B.|
A10-C|Current||Ordered copolymerisation by addition|||
A10-C01|Current||Ordered copolymerisation by addition [general]|||
A10-C02|Current||Block copolymerisation|||
A10-C03|Current||Graft copolymerisation|||
A10-C03A|Current|(1970-    )|Graft copolymerisation by grafting onto formed polymeric substrates||Including fibres and articles. Prior to 1970 see A10-C03.|
A10-C03B|Current|(1977-    )|Graft copolymerisation by emulsion or suspension processes||Prior to 1977 see A10-C03 and A10-C03A.|
A10-C03C|Current|(1977-    )|Graft copolymerisation by solution, bulk or irradiation initiated processes||Prior to 1977 see A10-C03 and A10-C03A.|
A10-D|Current||Condensation polymerisation [other]|||
A10-D01|Current||Interfacial condensation polymerisation|||
A10-D02|Current||Ordered co-condensation|||
A10-D03|Current|(1970-    )|Ring opening or closure condensation polymerisation||Prior to 1970 see A10-D.|
A10-D04|Current|(1970-    )|Condensation polymerisation equipment||Prior to 1970 see A10-D01, A10-D02 and A10-D appropriately.|
A10-D05|Current|(1994-    )|Polyesterification condensation polymerisation|A10-D+|Includes carbonate bond formation.|
A10-D06|Current|(1994-    )|Electrolytic/oxidative condensation polymerisation|A10-D||
A10-E|Current||Chemical modification [others]||Including modified polymers. Modified polymers are always searched in A10-E:. Whenever the modification process is described, the unmodified polymer is additionally searchable. For imidation search both A10-E14 and A10-E17. Maleinised resins are coded A10-E23, e.g. maleinised rosin, polyisobutenyl maleic anhydride etc. Devulcanised polymer is coded A10-E. Vinyl silane modified polymer is coded A10-E03 and A10-E22A. If graft copolymerisation onto the polymer is involved then A4-A and A10-C03+ also coded.|
A10-E01|Current||Chemical modification [general]|||
A10-E02|Current||Chemical modification by acetalisation||Used for polyvinyl acetal, butyral, formal and polyvinyl ketals.|
A10-E03|Current||Chemical modification by alkylation; arylation||i.e. formation of C-C bond. e.g. haloalkylation, aminoarylation.|
A10-E04|Current||Chemical modification by dehalogenation; (de) hydrohalogenation|||
A10-E04A|Current|(1986-    )|Chemical modification by halogenation||Prior to 1986 see A10-E04.|
A10-E05|Current||Chemical modification by depolymerisation; degradation|||
A10-E05A|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by pyrolysis of waste polymeric material||Prior to 1977 see A10-E05.|
A10-E05B|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by carbonisation||Excluding A10-E05A. Prior to 1977 see A10-E05.|
A10-E05C|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by depolymerisation to monomers or oligomers||Prior to 1977 see A10-E05.|
A10-E06|Current||Chemical modification by epoxidation||e.g. epoxidised polybutadiene. For epoxidised novolac see A10-E08C.|
A10-E07|Current||Chemical modification by esterification|||
A10-E07A|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by esterification by unsaturated polybasic acid (or derivatives)||e.g. maleic acid. Prior to 1977 see A10-E07.|
A10-E07B|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by esterification by unsaturated monobasic acid (or derivatives)||Including acrylated epoxy resins. Prior to 1977 see A10-E07.|
A10-E07C|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by esterification by saturated acid (or derivatives)||Prior to 1977 see A10-E07.|
A10-E08|Current||Chemical modification by etherification|||
A10-E08A|Current|(1977-    )|Etherification by (cyclo)aliphatic ether of polyether with oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene only||Prior to 1977 see A10-E08.|
A10-E08B|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by etherification by other ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols||Prior to 1977 see A10-E08.|
A10-E08C|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by etherification by other etherified polymers [exc. polyalkylene glycols]||Including 'alkylated' melamine, e.g. (methoxy) methylolated melamine; epoxidised phenoplasts. Prior to 1977 see A10-E08.|
A10-E09|Current||Chemical modification by hydrolysis, saponification, alcoholysis, glycolysis||For (partially) hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer see A10-E09A or A10-E09B+ appropriately.|
A10-E09A|Current|(1970-    )|Polyvinyl alcohol compositions||Prior to 1970 see A10-E09.|
A10-E09B|Current|(1970-    )|Polyvinyl alcohol uses||Prior to 1970 see A10-E09.|
A10-E09B1|Current|(1986-    )|Polyvinyl alcohol uses as adhesives and binders; coatings||Prior to 1986 see A10-E09B.|
A10-E09B2|Current|(1986-    )|Polyvinyl alcohol uses in optical, (electro) photographic, laboratory; medicament||Prior to 1986 see A10-E09B.|
A10-E10|Current||Chemical modification by electric discharge, ultrasonic treatment and irradiation||Including by UV and by ionising rays; excluding for crosslinking, for which see A11-C02B.|
A10-E11|Current||Chemical modification by oxidation; ozonisation|||
A10-E12|Retired|(1966-1985)|Chemical modification by sulphonation or sulphohalogenation*||*Applied from the start of Plasdoc to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued.|
A10-E12A|Current|(1986-    )|Chemical modification by sulphonation||Prior to 1986 see A10-E12.|
A10-E12B|Current|(1986-    )|Chemical modification by halosulphonation||Prior to 1986 see A10-E12.|
A10-E13|Current||Chemical modification by hydrogenation||Including reduction by other means.|
A10-E14|Current||Chemical modification by cyclisation|||
A10-E15|Retired|(1970-1976)|Chemical modification by amidation, amination*||*Applied from the start of CPI (1970) to the end of 1976 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1970 see A10-E.|
A10-E16|Retired|(1970-1976)|Chemical modification by incorporation of metal atoms*||*Including Boron, Phosphorus and Silicon. Applied from the start of CPI (1970) to the end of 1976 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1970 see A10-E.|
A10-E17|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by amidation||Prior to 1977 see A10-E15.|
A10-E17A|Current|(2002-    )|Amidation of epoxy resins or polyethers|||
A10-E17B|Current|(2002-    )|Amidation of other polymers|||
A10-E18|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by amination of epoxy resins or polyethers||Prior to 1977 see A10-E15.|
A10-E19|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by amination of other polymers [exc. epoxy resins or polyethers]||Prior to 1977 see A10-E15.|
A10-E20|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by incorporation of phosphorus||Prior to 1977 see A10-E16.|
A10-E21|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by incorporation of alkali(ne earth) metal||Including NH4+. Prior to 1977 see A10-E16.|
A10-E21A|Current|(1986-    )|Chemical modification of natural polymers by incorporation of alkali(ne earth) metal||Prior to 1986 see A10-E21.|
A10-E21B|Current|(1986-    )|Modification of mono-/di-carboxylic unsatd. acid (co)polymers by incorporation. of alkali (earth) metal||Prior to 1986 see A10-E21.|
A10-E22|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by incorporation of other metal(loid)s [exc. alkali(ne earth) metal]||i.e. excluding A10-E20 and A10-E21+; including Boron. Prior to 1977 see A10-E16.|
A10-E22A|Current|(1986-    )|Chemical modification by incorporation of silicon||Prior to 1986 see A10-E22.|
A10-E23|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical modification by forming hydroxy or carboxy groups other than by hydrolysis||Prior to 1977 see A10-E.|
A10-E24|Current|(1977-    )|Modification by nitration; urethanisation; sulfation; sulfurisation; xanthation; thio formation||Including acrylated polyurethanes prepared from e.g. isocyanate terminated prepolymers and hydroxyalkyl acrylates. Prior to 1977 see A10-E.|
A10-G|Current||Other miscellaneous processes [others]||Including cleaning of polymerisation vessels.|
A10-G01|Retired|(1966-1985)|Purification and concentration of polymer*||*Applied from the start of Plasdoc to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued.|
A10-G01A|Current|(1986-    )|Monomer, solvent, catalyst recovery/removal from polymer, including catalyst destruction; devolatilisation||Prior to 1986 see A10-G01.|
A10-G01B|Current|(1986-    )|Other purification and concentration of polymer||Prior to 1986 see A10-G01.|
A10-G02|Current|(1986-    )|Prevention/removal of scale on polymerisation vessels||Including use of additives, coatings etc. Prior to 1986 see A10-G.|
A11|Current||Processing polymers including equipment|||
A11-A|Current||Preliminary processes [others]||Including methods of feeding raw materials, degassing, vacuum hoppers.|
A11-A01|Current||Colouring, bleaching|||
A11-A01A|Current|(1970-    )|Colouring, bleaching with specific compositions||Prior to 1970 see A11-A01.|
A11-A01B|Current|(1970-    )|Colouring, bleaching processes||Prior to 1970 see A11-A01.|
A11-A02|Current||Heating||Including pre-heating and drying; excluding annealing etc. for which see A11-B02+ and crosslinking for which see A11-C02+.|
A11-A02A|Current|(1977-    )|Heating film/sheet, divided forms||e.g. powders, fibre or fabric. Prior to 1977 see A11-A02.|
A11-A02B|Current|(1977-    )|Heating other forms [exc. film/sheet, divided forms]||Excluding A11-A02A; e.g. moulded articles, tubes, parisons. Prior to 1977 see A11-A02.|
A11-A02C|Current|(1977-    )|Cooling||Excluding A11-B07D. Prior to 1977 see A11-A02.|
A11-A03|Current||Mixing, compounding, homogenising, blending|||
A11-A03A|Current|(1970-    )|Mixing, compounding, homogenising, blending equipment||Prior to 1970 see A11-A03.|
A11-A04|Current||Divided forms of polymer production||e.g. by granulation, grinding to powders, pelleting.|
A11-A05|Current||Cutting, sawing and other machining||Excluding A11-A04.|
A11-A05A|Current|(1977-    )|Perforating, punching, slitting, drilling holes; cutting tubes and tyres||Prior to 1977 see A11-A05.|
A11-A05B|Current|(1977-    )|Deflashing and burr removal; cutting recesses, grooves, threads, etc., in surfaces||Prior to 1977 see A11-A05.|
A11-A05C|Current|(1977-    )|Cutting films and fabrics||e.g. during bag making. Prior to 1977 see A11-A05.|
A11-B|Current||Forming processes [others]||Including insert incorporation.|
A11-B01|Current||Forming processes [general]|||
A11-B02|Current||Annealing, crystallising, heat-setting, orienting, drawing, fibrillating|||
A11-B02A|Current|(1970-    )|Orienting/stretching film||Prior to 1970 see A11-B02.|
A11-B02B|Current|(1970-    )|Orienting/stretching fibres||Inc:fabric. Prior to 1970 see A11-B02.|
A11-B02C|Current|(1970-    )|Heat-setting films/fibres||Prior to 1970 see A11-B02.|
A11-B02D|Current|(1977-    )|Crimping, bulking||Prior to 1977 see A11-B02C.|
A11-B02E|Current|(1977-    )|Shrinking||Prior to 1977 see A11-B02C.|
A11-B03|Current||Calendering|||
A11-B04|Current||Casting; slush-, dip-, and rotary moulding, general||Including with monomer or condensant and polymerising.|
A11-B04A|Current|(1977-    )|Casting; slush-, dip-, and rotary moulding by rotational moulding, centrifugal casting||Prior to 1977 see A11-B04.|
A11-B04B|Current|(1977-    )|Casting; slush-, dip-, and rotary moulding by other methods [exc. rotational moulding/casting]||e.g. dip moulding, shell moulding; excluding A11-B04C. Prior to 1977 see A11-B04.|
A11-B04C|Current|(1977-    )|Forming films, sheets, lace||Prior to 1977 see A11-B04.|
A11-B05|Current||Coating||Including spreading, encapsulation.|
A11-B05A|Current|(1970-    )|Coating by electrodeposition, dipping||Including fluidised bed. Prior to 1970 see A11-B05.|
A11-B05B|Current|(1970-    )|Coating by spraying, flocking, extrusion, general||Prior to 1970 see A11-B05.|
A11-B05B1|Current|(1986-    )|Coating by spraying||Prior to 1986 see A11-B05B.|
A11-B05B2|Current|(1986-    )|Coating by extrusion||Prior to 1986 see A11-B05B.|
A11-B05B3|Current|(2016-    )|Spin coating|||
A11-B05C|Current|(1977-    )|Coating with monomer or condensant and polymerising||Excluding A11-B04+; i.e. leaving a finished coating. Prior to 1977 see A11-B05, A11-B05A and A11-B05B appropriately.|
A11-B05D|Current|(1977-    )|Coating with dispersion, solution or paste||Prior to 1977 see A11-B05, A11-B05A and A11-B05B appropriately.|
A11-B05E|Current|(1977-    )|Coating with powder, melt or foam||Prior to 1977 see A11-B05, A11-B05A and A11-B05B appropriately.|
A11-B05F|Current|(2016-    )|Encapsulation process||Encapsulating.|
A11-B06|Current||Expanding, foaming, pore-forming|||
A11-B06A|Current|(1970-    )|Expanding, foaming, pore-forming to form specific goods||Prior to 1970 see A11-B06.|
A11-B06B|Current|(1977-    )|Expanding, foaming, pore-forming involving extrusion||Excluding A11-B06A. Prior to 1977 see A11-B06 and A11-B06A appropriately.|
A11-B06C|Current|(1977-    )|Expanding, foaming, pore-forming involving moulding||Excluding A11-B06A. Prior to 1977 see A11-B06 and A11-B06A appropriately.|
A11-B06D|Current|(1977-    )|Expanding, foaming, pore-forming involving other specific methods [exc. extrusion, moulding]||e.g. by dissolution, sintering; excluding A11-B06A. Prior to 1977 see A11-B06 and A11-B06A appropriately.|
A11-B07|Current||Extrusion and coextrusion||Excluding coating by extrusion for which see A11-B05B2, extrusion spinning for which see A11-B15+ and extrusion foaming for which see A11-B06B.|
A11-B07A|Current|(1970-    )|Extrusion and coextrusion of film and sheet||Including inflation forming tubular film. Prior to 1970 see A11-B07.|
A11-B07B|Current|(1970-    )|Extrusion and coextrusion of tube and other profiles||Excluding A11-B07A. Prior to 1970 see A11-B07.|
A11-B07C|Current|(1977-    )|Other extrusion [exc. of film and sheet, tube and other profiles]||Prior to 1977 see A11-B07, A11-B07A and A11-B07B appropriately.|
A11-B07D|Current|(1977-    )|Associated extrusion and coextrusion processes||e.g. cooling, haul- off. Prior to 1977 see A11-B07, A11-B07A and A11-B07B appropriately.|
A11-B08|Current||Forming||Including corrugating, winding strips to form tube.|
A11-B08A|Current|(1977-    )|Vacuum assisted forming of sheet or film||Prior to 1977 see A11-B08.|
A11-B08B|Current|(1977-    )|Forming of sheet or film||Excluding A11-B08A. Prior to 1977 see A11-B08.|
A11-B08C|Current|(1977-    )|Forming from tube or pipe||Including fittings. Prior to 1977 see A11-B08.|
A11-B09|Current||Laminating; lay-up of reinforced plastics||See also A12-S08+.|
A11-B09A|Current|(1970-    )|Laminating; lay-up of reinforced plastics to form specific goods||Prior to 1970 see A11-B09.|
A11-B09A1|Current|(1986-    )|Laminating; lay-up of reinforced plastics involving fibrous/filament reinforcement||Prior to 1986 see A11-B09A.|
A11-B09A2|Current|(1986-    )|Laminating; lay-up of reinforced plastics involving non-fibrous material||Excluding coextrusion laminating of film, for which see A11-B07A. Prior to 1986 see A11-B09A.|
A11-B09B|Current|(1977-    )|Decorative laminate production; chip-, fibre-, card-board and plywood||Prior to 1977 see A11-B09.|
A11-B09C|Current|(1977-    )|Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) production., filament winding, pultrusion||Excluding A11-B09A+. Prior to 1977 see A11-B09.|
A11-B09D|Current|(1977-    )|Laminating non-fibrous bodies||Excluding A11-B09A+; excluding coextrusion laminating of film, for which see A11-B07A. Prior to 1977 see A11-B09.|
A11-B09E|Current|(1977-    )|Other laminating processes||Excluding A11-B09A+. Prior to 1977 see A11-B09.|
A11-B10|Current||Blow moulding||Excluding A11-B07A.|
A11-B11|Current||Compression and transfer moulding|||
A11-B12|Current||Injection moulding|||
A11-B12A|Current|(1970-    )|Injection moulding to form specific goods||Prior to 1970 see A11-B12.|
A11-B12B|Current|(1977-    )|Moulds for injection moulding||Prior to 1977 see A11-B12 and A11-B12A appropriately.|
A11-B12C|Current|(1977-    )|Injection moulding equipment||Excluding A11-B12A and A11-B12B. Prior to 1977 see A11-B12 and A11-B12A appropriately.|
A11-B13|Current||Pressing (between flat platens)|||
A11-B14|Current||Sintering||Excluding A11-B06D.|
A11-B15|Current||Spinning||Including associated processes, e.g. take-off.|
A11-B15A|Current|(1970-    )|Spinning heads, die design, spinnerettes||Prior to 1970 see A11-B15.|
A11-B15B|Current|(1970-    )|Melt spinning||Prior to 1970 see A11-B15.|
A11-B15B1|Current|(1994-    )|High speed melt spinning|A11-B15B||
A11-B15C|Current|(1970-    )|Solution spinning||i.e. wet or dry. Prior to 1970 see A11-B15.|
A11-B16|Old|(1994-2014)|Stereographic moulding|A11-B|Used for processes that produce a three-dimensional polymer form by sequential polymerising or curing, usually by computer control, onto a previously polymerised or cured surface, thus building up a three-dimensional moulding. Coded with A11-C02D. See also A10-B+, A10-C+, A10-D+ and A11-C02B if appropriate.|
A11-B16|Current|(2015-    )|Stereographic moulding||Used for processes that produce a three-dimensional polymer form by sequential layering, sequential polymerizing or curing, usually by computer control, onto a previously polymerized or cured surface, thus ''building up'' a three-dimensional moulding. Also used for 3D-printing, additive manufacturing, FDM, LOM, SFF etc. See also A10-B+, A10-C+, A10-D+, A11-C02B, A11-C02D if appropriate.|
A11-B17|Current|(1994-    )|Tyre manufacture|A11-B|All processes. See also A11-C02A1 and A12-T01A.|
A11-C|Current||Other miscellaneous processes||i.e. on (semi-)finished polymers. (Including repair of articles (excluding retreading of tyres), sterilisation, wire insulation removal, cleaning of polymer handling/forming/ processing plant; excluding cleaning of polymerisation vessels for which see A10-G.)|
A11-C01|Current||Bonding, glueing, welding, heat-sealing, riveting|||
A11-C01A|Current|(1970-    )|Heat sealing, welding to make specific goods||e.g. ultrasonic, microwave. Prior to 1970 see A11-C01.|
A11-C01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Heat sealing, welding involving film, sheet; packaging||Prior to 1986 see A11-C01A.|
A11-C01B|Current|(1970-    )|Heat sealing, welding, general||e.g. ultrasonic, microwave. Prior to 1970 see A11-C01.|
A11-C01C|Current|(1970-    )|Other bonding to make specific goods [exc. heat sealing, welding]||Prior to 1970 see A11-C01.|
A11-C01D|Current|(1970-    )|Other bonding, general [exc. heat sealing, welding]||Prior to 1970 see A11-C01.|
A11-C02|Current||Crosslinking, curing, vulcanisation|||
A11-C02A|Current|(1970-    )|Rubber vulcanisation||Prior to 1970 see A11-C02.|
A11-C02A1|Current|(1986-    )|Tyre vulcanisation||Prior to 1986 see A11-C02A.|
A11-C02B|Current|(1977-    )|Crosslinking with irradiation||Excluding A11-C02A and A11-C02A1. Prior to 1977 see A11-C02.|
A11-C02C|Current|(1977-    )|Crosslinking involving coating and/or extrusion||Excluding A11-C02A and A11-C02A1. Prior to 1977 see A11-C02.|
A11-C02D|Current|(1977-    )|Crosslinking involving moulding and/or foaming||Excluding A11-C02A and A11-C02A1. Prior to 1977 see A11-C02.|
A11-C03|Current||Scrap recovery||Including retreading of tyres; reclaiming and recycling as well as use of reclaimed/recycled polymer.|
A11-C03A|Current|(1986-    )|Scrap recovery involving shredding, cutting, pulverising, granulating||Prior to 1986 see A11-C03.|
A11-C04|Current||Surface treatment||Including flame treatment.|
A11-C04A|Current|(1970-    )|Surface treatment - painting, printing||Prior to 1970 see A11-C04.|
A11-C04B|Current|(1970-    )|Surface treatment - metallising; coating with other materials, general||Prior to 1970 see A11-C04.|
A11-C04B1|Current|(1986-    )|Surface treatment - metallising||Prior to 1986 see A11-C04B.|
A11-C04B2|Current|(1986-    )|Coating with other materials [exc. metallising]||Excluding A11-C04B1. Prior to 1986 see A11-C04B.|
A11-C04C|Current|(1977-    )|Embossing||Prior to 1977 see A11-C04.|
A11-C04D|Current|(1977-    )|Surface treatment - chemical treatment||Including etching. Prior to 1977 see A11-C04.|
A11-C04E|Current|(1986-    )|Corona discharge, plasma treatment; irradiation surface treatment||Prior to 1986 see A11-C04.|
A11-C05|Current|(1970-    )|Textile processes||Excluding specific processes in A11-A:, A11-B: and A11-C:. Prior to 1970 no specific code was available. References may be found under A11-A, A11-B, and A11-C:.|
A11-C05A|Current|(1977-    )|Producing fabrics||Prior to 1977 see A11-C05.|
A11-C05A1|Current|(1994-    )|Producing fabrics by melt blowing|A11-C05A||
A11-C05B|Current|(1977-    )|Twisting, winding of fibres and yarns||Prior to 1977 see A11-C05.|
A11-C05C|Current|(1977-    )|Other processing of fibres and yarns||Inc: mercerizing, reeling. Prior to 1977 see A11-C05.|
A11-C05C1|Current|(1994-    )|Flash spinning|A11-C05||
A11-C06|Current|(1977-    )|Ejection of mouldings; conveying, winding and storage of plastics articles||Prior to 1977 see A11-C.|
A11-C07|Current|(1977-    )|Waste treatment; pollution control||Prior to 1977 see A11-C.|
A12|Current||Polymer applications||Where the polymer use as an adhesive and/or coating applies to a specific use in any other section (A12-C: through A12-W:), then the appropriate code from that section only is applied e.g. for bottle coatings see A12-P06A only.|
A12-A|Current||Adhesives and binders [general adhesive applications]||Excluding sealants for which see A12-R08. For binders, when a specific use of the binder is given, only that use is searchable. (i.e. unspecified compositions for general adhesive applications.)|
A12-A01|Current||Adhesive tape||Excluding electrical insulation tape for which see A12-E03; including surgical tape.|
A12-A01A|Current|(1994-    )|Adhesive on a carrier (excluding tape)|||
A12-A02|Current||Binders for core moulds, earth consolidation|||
A12-A03|Current||Abrasive paper, grinding wheels||Including all abrasive compositions.|
A12-A04|Current|(1970-    )|Board, general [with polymeric binder]||Prior to 1970 see A12-A.|
A12-A04A|Current|(1977-    )|Decorative laminate; decorative board||Prior to 1977 see A12-A04.|
A12-A04B|Current|(1977-    )|Chip-, particle- or fibre-board||Prior to 1977 see A12-A04.|
A12-A04C|Current|(1977-    )|Other cellulosic board products [exc. decorative laminate; decorative board;||Including plywood. Prior to 1977 see A12-A04.|
A12-A04D|Current|(2002-    )|Laminates, otherwise unspecified|||
A12-A05|Current|(1970-    )|Adhesive and binder compositions||Excluding A12-A02, A12-A03 and A12-A04+; this is only for general adhesive and binder applications. When a specific use is given, only that use is searchable. Prior to 1970 see A12-A.|
A12-A05A|Current|(1970-    )|Natural polymer, natural rubber or diene rubber based adhesive and binder compositions||Prior to 1970 see A12-A.|
A12-A05B|Current|(1970-    )|Addition polymer based adhesive and binder compositions||Excluding diene rubber. Prior to 1970 see A12-A.|
A12-A05B1|Current|(1986-    )|Acrylic adhesive and binder compositions||Prior to 1986 see A12-A05B.|
A12-A05B2|Current|(1986-    )|Polyolefins adhesive and binder compositions||Monoolefinic hydrocarbon; including ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Prior to 1986 see A12-A05B.|
A12-A05B3|Current|(1986-    )|Vinyl halide and/or vinyl carboxylate (co)polymers adhesive and binder compositions||Excluding ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer for which see A12-A05B2. Prior to 1986 see A12-A05B.|
A12-A05C|Current|(1970-    )|Epoxy resin based adhesive and binder compositions||Prior to 1970 see A12-A.|
A12-A05D|Current|(1977-    )|Aminoplast or phenoplast based adhesive and binder compositions||Prior to 1977 see A12-A05.|
A12-A05E|Current|(1977-    )|Polyester based adhesive and binder compositions||Prior to 1977 see A12-A05.|
A12-A05F|Current|(1977-    )|Polyurethane or polyurea based adhesive and binder compositions; other resins from isocyanates||Prior to 1977 see A12-A05.|
A12-B|Current||Coatings and paints [other specific coatings]||Excluding textile finishes for which see A12-G+; including polishes. The codes A12-B01+ are applied when the substrate is specified. The codes A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B are applied when neither the polymer nor the substrate is specified. Search only the substrate on which the coating is directly applied. (e.g. on foods, medical tablets.)|
A12-B01|Current||Coatings and paints [general]|||
A12-B01A|Current|(1970-    )|Emulsion paints, latex paints, water based lacquers, general||Prior to 1970 see A12-B01.|
A12-B01B|Current|(1970-    )|Varnishes, solvent-based lacquers, general||Prior to 1970 see A12-B01.|
A12-B01C|Current|(1977-    )|Inorganic polymers, incl. Silicon polymers; diene or polyene polymers based coatings and paints||Prior to 1977 see A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B appropriately.|
A12-B01D|Current|(1977-    )|Natural polymers based coatings and paints||Prior to 1977 see A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B appropriately.|
A12-B01E|Current|(1977-    )|Acrylic polymers based coatings and paints||Prior to 1977 see A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B appropriately.|
A12-B01F|Current|(1977-    )|Vinyl carboxylate or halogen containing addition polymers based coatings and paints||Prior to 1977 see A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B appropriately.|
A12-B01G|Current|(1977-    )|Other addition polymers based coatings and paints [exc. diene, polyene, acrylic]||Prior to 1977 see A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B appropriately.|
A12-B01H|Current|(1977-    )|Polyesters based coatings and paints||Prior to 1977 see A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B appropriately.|
A12-B01J|Current|(1977-    )|Phenoplasts or aminoplasts based coatings and paints||Prior to 1977 see A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B appropriately.|
A12-B01K|Current|(1977-    )|Polyurethanes based coatings and paints||Prior to 1977 see A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B appropriately.|
A12-B01L|Current|(1977-    )|Epoxy resins based coatings and paints||Prior to 1977 see A12-B01, A12-B01A and A12-B01B appropriately.|
A12-B01V|Current|(2006-    )|Other condensation polymers coating||Prior to 2006 see A12-B01X.|
A12-B01W|Current|(1994-    )|General addition polymer coating|A12-B01+|Indexed for the generic case or when three or more codes are required from the A12-B01+ hierarchy.|
A12-B01X|Current|(1994-    )|General condensation polymer coating|A12-B01+|Indexed for the generic case and where three or more codes are required from the A12-B01+ hierarchy.|
A12-B02|Current||Coatings on fibres, cloth and felts||Excluding finishes for which see A12-G: section or A12-S05S.|
A12-B02A|Current|(1970-    )|Leathercloth, synthetic leather||Prior to 1970 see A12-B02.|
A12-B02B|Current|(1970-    )|Polymer-bonded non-woven fabrics||Prior to 1970 see A12-B02.|
A12-B03|Current||Coatings on paper, cardboard||Excluding for use in paper making for which see A12-W06+.|
A12-B03A|Current|(1970-    )|Coatings on paper, cardboard compositions||Prior to 1970 see A12-B03.|
A12-B04|Current||Coatings on metal||Excluding on electric wire, for which see A12-E02+.|
A12-B04A|Retired|(1970-1976)|Coatings on metal compositions*||*Applied from the start of CPI (1970) to the end of 1976 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1970 see A12-B04.|
A12-B04B|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on metal produced by specific techniques||Including non-resinous pretreatment. Prior to 1977 see A12-B04A.|
A12-B04C|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on metal using natural, inorganic or condensation resins||Prior to 1977 see A12-B04A.|
A12-B04D|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on metal using acrylic resins||Prior to 1977 see A12-B04A.|
A12-B04E|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on metal using vinyl carboxylate or halogen containing addition polymers||Prior to 1977 see A12-B04A.|
A12-B04F|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on metal using other addition polymers||Prior to 1977 see A12-B04A.|
A12-B05|Current|(1970-    )|Coatings on glass; glass fibre||Excluding glass fibre reinforced for which see A12-S08+; Including on glass optical fibre (with A12-L03A). Prior to 1970 see A12-B.|
A12-B06|Current|(1970-    )|Coatings on natural leather||Prior to 1970 see A12-B.|
A12-B07|Current|(1970-    )|Coatings on polymers||Excluding on fibres for which see A12-B02+ or A12-G+. Prior to 1970 see A12-B.|
A12-B07A|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on polymeric films||Optionally laminated. Prior to 1977 see A12-B07.|
A12-B07B|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on polymeric foams||Prior to 1977 see A12-B07.|
A12-B07C|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on polymeric tubes, cables or other profiles||Prior to 1977 see A12-B07.|
A12-B08|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on other inorganic material [exc. metal, glass(fibre)]||e.g. concrete, ceramics, stone. Prior to 1977 see A12-B.|
A12-B09|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings on wood or other plant derived material||Including seeds, coal dust. Prior to 1977 see A12-B.|
A12-C|Current||Clothing and footwear|||
A12-C00C|Current|(2002-    )|Clothing general|||
A12-C01|Current||Foamback fabrics and garments|||
A12-C02|Current||Safety clothing||Excluding footwear; including sunglasses.|
A12-C02A|Current|(1994-    )|Safety clothing - gloves|A12-C02||
A12-C02B|Current|(1994-    )|Safety clothing - helmets|A12-C02||
A12-C03|Current||Other clothing [exc. safety clothing]||Including (slide)fasteners.|
A12-C04|Current||Footwear||Including laces; excluding socks, hosiery, for which see A12-C03.|
A12-D|Current||Household and office fittings or accessories [others]||e.g. credit cards.|
A12-D00D|Current|(1994-    )|General household/office application||Indexed for the generic case and where three or more codes are required from the A12-D+ hierarchy.|
A12-D01|Current||Furniture and soft furnishings||Including mattresses, bedding, draperies.|
A12-D02|Current||Carpets and (foam) underlays|||
A12-D03|Current||Kitchenware||Including brushes, boil-in-bag food packs, cooking utensils.|
A12-D04|Current||Other domestic fittings or accessories||e.g. refrigerators.|
A12-D05|Current||Office fittings or accessories|||
A12-D05A|Current|(1986-    )|Pressure sensitive materials||e.g. carbon(-less) paper, typewriter ribbon. Prior to 1986 see A12-D05.|
A12-D05B|Current|(1986-    )|Writing devices and inks||Prior to 1986 see A12-D05.|
A12-E|Current||Electrical engineering [others]||e.g. aerials.|
A12-E01|Current||Electrical engineering [general]||Including general insulating compositions.|
A12-E01A|Current|(1994-    )|Electromagnetic screening|A12-E+||
A12-E02|Current||Cable and wire insulation or coating|||
A12-E02A|Current|(1970-    )|Cable and wire insulation or coating compositions||Prior to 1970 see A12-E02.|
A12-E02B|Current|(1986-    )|Cable and wire insulation or coating fabrication, treatment||Prior to 1986 see A12-E02.|
A12-E03|Current||Insulation tape|||
A12-E04|Current||Potting compounds, encapsulating compositions and like insulation|||
A12-E05|Current||Insulating cases and bodies (moulded or cast)|||
A12-E06|Current|(1970-    )|Batteries, accumulators, fuel cells||Prior to 1970 see A12-E and A12-E05 appropriately.|
A12-E06A|Current|(1986-    )|Electrodes for batteries, accumulators, fuel cells||Prior to 1986 see A12-E06.|
A12-E06B|Current|(1986-    )|Separators, membranes for batteries, accumulators, fuel cells||Prior to 1986 see A12-E06.|
A12-E06C|Current|(1986-    )|Casings, seals, sealants for batteries, accumulators, fuel cells||Prior to 1986 see A12-E06.|
A12-E07|Current|(1970-    )|Circuit components||Prior to 1970 see A12-E.|
A12-E07A|Current|(1977-    )|Printed circuits||Prior to 1977 see A12-E07.|
A12-E07B|Current|(1977-    )|Capacitors||Prior to 1977 see A12-E07.|
A12-E07C|Current|(1977-    )|Semiconductor devices, integrated circuits; resistors||Prior to 1977 see A12-E07.|
A12-E07C1|Current|(2011-    )|Semiconductor devices, integrated circuits; resistors - associated processing auxiliaries|||
A12-E08|Current|(1970-    )|Magnetic compositions/devices||e.g. magnets. Prior to 1970 see A12-E.|
A12-E08A|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic recording (compositions)||Prior to 1986 see A12-E08.|
A12-E08A1|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic tape||Including audio and video. Prior to 1986 see A12-E08.|
A12-E08A2|Current|(1986-    )|Other magnetic recording [exc. tape]||Including heads, (floppy)discs, magneto-(optical). Prior to 1986 see A12-E08.|
A12-E08B|Current|(1986-    )|Motors, coils, transformers, generators||Prior to 1986 see A12-E08.|
A12-E09|Current|(1977-    )|Electrolytic, electrochemical, or electrophoresis cells||Including parts thereof e.g. electrodes. Prior to 1977 see A12-E.|
A12-E10|Current|(1977-    )|Heat and temperature uses||e.g. temperature measurement, heating materials, heat sensitive materials. Prior to 1977 see A12-E.|
A12-E11|Current|(1977-    )|Electrooptical uses||Excluding liquid crystal (devices) for which see A12-L03B; e.g. lamps. Prior to 1977 see A12-E.|
A12-E11A|Current|(1986-    )|Electrochromic displays including cathode ray tubes; photodiodes (LED)||Prior to 1986 see A12-E11.|
A12-E11B|Current|(1986-    )|Photoelectric cells||Including solar cells. Prior to 1986 see A12-E11.|
A12-E11C|Current|(2002-    )|Electroluminescent devices|||
A12-E12|Current|(1977-    )|Electroacoustic uses||e.g. radios, loudspeakers, including transducers. Prior to 1977 see A12-E.|
A12-E13|Current|(1986-    )|Instrumentation; measuring; testing - electrical engineering||Including probes, sensors, detectors. Prior to 1986 see A12-E.|
A12-E14|Current|(1986-    )|Electrodes [exc. for batteries, accumulators, fuel, electro-lytic, -chemical, or -phoresis cells]||Excluding A12-E06A and A12-E09. Prior to 1986 see A12-E.|
A12-E15|Current|(1986-    )|Piezoelectric compositions/devices||Prior to 1986 see A12-E.|
A12-E16|Current|(1994-    )|Superconductor application|A12-E||
A12-F|Current|(1963-    )|Fancy goods, games, sports equipment, toys, educational devices [others]||Including fancy goods, toys: Educational devices, training, teaching, models, globes.|
A12-F01|Current|(1970-    )|Sports and games equipment||Including camping, board games, fishing lines. Prior to 1970 see A12-F.|
A12-F01A|Current|(1986-    )|Sports areas||Including courts, mats, pools. Prior to 1986 see A12-F01.|
A12-F01B|Current|(1986-    )|Balls, racquets, clubs, bats||Prior to 1986 see A12-F01.|
A12-G|Current||Fibre and textile polymeric finishes [others]||Excluding A12-S05S. See also A12-S05T for non-resinous finishes.|
A12-G00G|Current|(2002-    )|General or unspecified fibre and textile polymeric finishes|||
A12-G01|Current||Flame-retardant fibre and textile polymeric finishes||See also A12-S05R for non-resinous finishes.|
A12-G02|Current|(1970-    )|Shrink-, crease-resistant, non-iron fibre and textile polymeric finishes||See also A12-S05R for non-resinous finishes. Prior to 1970 see A12-G.|
A12-G03|Current|(1970-    )|Water-, oil-, soil-proofing fibre and textile polymeric finishes||See also A12-S05R for non-resinous finishes. Prior to 1970 see A12-G.|
A12-G04|Current|(1994-    )|Polymeric sizes for fibre and textiles|A12-G|See also A12-S05R for non-resinous finishes.|
A12-H|Current||Mechanical engineering [others]||e.g. tools, pumps, fan blades.|
A12-H00H|Current|(1994-    )|General mechanical engineering||Indexed for the generic case and where three or more codes are required from the A12-H+ hierarchy.|
A12-H01|Current||(Conveyor) belts||Including systems.|
A12-H02|Current||Hose, tubing, pipes|||
A12-H02A|Current|(1970-    )|Hose, tubing, pipes - unreinforced||Prior to 1970 see A12-H02.|
A12-H02B|Current|(1970-    )|Hose, tubing, pipes - reinforced||See also A12-S08+. Prior to 1970 see A12-H02.|
A12-H02C|Current|(1977-    )|Hose, tubing, pipes - fittings||e.g. flanges, connectors. Prior to 1977 see A12-H02, A12-H02A and A12-H02B appropriately.|
A12-H02D|Current|(1977-    )|Hose, tubing, pipes - coatings, linings||Including polymer laminates and coextrudates. Prior to 1977 see A12-H02, A12-H02A, and A12-H02B appropriately.|
A12-H02D1|Current|(1986-    )|Lagging, thermal insulation for hose, tubing, pipes||Prior to 1986 see A12-H02D|
A12-H03|Current||Gears, bearing surfaces and similar joints|||
A12-H04|Current||Filters||Excluding (semi)-permeable membranes (ultrafilters) for which see A12-W11A; includes cigarette filters.|
A12-H05|Current||Moulds of rubber or plastics||Excluding core moulds for which see A12-A02.|
A12-H06|Current||Hinges|||
A12-H07|Current|(1970-    )|Valves, diaphragms [mechanical engineering]||Prior to 1970 see A12-H.|
A12-H08|Current|(1970-    )|Seals [mechanical engineering]||Excluding A12-H07; sealants for which see A12-R08 and closures for which see A12-P03. Prior to 1970 see A12-H.|
A12-H09|Current|(1977-    )|Shock absorbers [mechanical engineering]||Prior to 1977 see A12-H.|
A12-H10|Current|(1977-    )|Brake material; materials for increasing or decreasing friction; abrasion reducers||Excluding bearings for which see A12-H03. Prior to 1977 see A12-H.|
A12-H11|Current|(1986-    )|Rolls, rollers [mechanical engineering]||Prior to 1986 see A12-H.|
A12-H12|Current|(1986-    )|Fasteners [mechanical engineering]||Including screws, nuts, clamps, (anchor) bolts. Prior to 1986 see A12-H.|
A12-L|Current||(Electro)photography, laboratory, optical [other]||(Electro)photographic materials include those sensitive to (UV) light or ionising radiation.|
A12-L00L|Current|(2002-    )|General optical|||
A12-L01|Current||Photographic (film) support; binders|||
A12-L02|Current||Other photographic materials, processes [exc. (film) support; binders]|||
A12-L02A|Current|(1970-    )|Photographic apparatus||Including lenses; e.g. spectacle lenses (with 12-V02A), but excluding contact lenses for which see A12-V02A only. Prior to 1970 see A12-L02.|
A12-L02B|Retired|(1977-1985)|Compositions for making printing plates or electrical devices*||*Applied from the start of 1977 to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1977 see A12-L02.|
A12-L02B1|Current|(1986-    )|Compositions for making printing plates||Prior to 1986 see A12-L02B.|
A12-L02B2|Current|(1986-    )|Compositions for making electrical devices||e.g. printed circuits. Prior to 1986 see A12-L02B.|
A12-L02C|Current|(1977-    )|Radiation sensitive photographic compositions containing unsaturated monomers||Excluding A12-L02B1 and A12-L02B2. Prior to 1977 see A12-L02.|
A12-L02D|Current|(1977-    )|Radiation sensitive photographic compositions containing unsaturated polymers||Excluding A12-L02B1 and A12-L02B2. Prior to 1977 see A12-L02.|
A12-L02E|Current|(1977-    )|Other radiation sensitive photographic polymer compositions [exc. containing unsaturated polymers or unsaturated monomers]||Excluding A12-L02B1 and A12-L02B2. Prior to 1977 see A12-L02.|
A12-L02F|Current|(1986-    )|Photographic compositions containing non-radiation sensitive polymer||Excluding A12-L01; including mordants, acceptor layers, developers. Prior to 1986 see A12-L02.|
A12-L03|Current||Other optical uses||i.e. non-photographic; excluding electro-optical for which see A12-E11+; e.g. spectacle frames, lamp shades.|
A12-L03A|Current|(1986-    )|Optical fibres, cables||Including coatings, adhesives etc. Prior to 1986 see A12-L03.|
A12-L03B|Current|(1986-    )|Liquid crystal (devices)||Prior to 1986 see the combination of codes A12-L03 and A12-E11.|
A12-L03C|Current|(1986-    )|Optically readable records||Including laser recording devices, optical discs e.g. compact discs. Prior to 1986 see A12-L03.|
A12-L03D|Current|(1994-    )|Optical filters|A12-L03||
A12-L04|Current||Laboratory uses|||
A12-L04A|Current|(1994-    )|Chromatography|A12-L04||
A12-L04B|Current|(1994-    )|Sensors/measuring - laboratory uses|A12-L04|Excluding A12-E13.|
A12-L05|Current|(1970-    )|Electrophotography and thermography||Prior to 1970 see A12-L01, A12-L02 and A12-L appropriately.|
A12-L05A|Current|(1977-    )|Thermography||Prior to 1977 see A12-L05.|
A12-L05B|Current|(1977-    )|Photoconductive polymers||Prior to 1977 see A12-L05.|
A12-L05C|Retired|(1977-1985)|Electrophotographic toners and apparatus*||*Applied from the start of 1977 to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1977 see A12-L05.|
A12-L05C1|Current|(1986-    )|Electrophotographic equipment||Prior to 1986 see A12-L05C.|
A12-L05C2|Current|(1986-    )|Electrophotographic toners and carriers||Prior to 1986 see A12-L05C.|
A12-L05D|Current|(1977-    )|Electrophotography and thermography binders and substrates||Prior to 1977 see A12-L05.|
A12-M|Current||Ion exchange resins, polyelectrolytes [general ion exchange resins]|||
A12-M01|Current|(1977-    )|Acrylic polyelectrolytes, flocculants||Prior to 1977 see A12-M|
A12-M02|Current|(1977-    )|Other polyelectrolytes, flocculants [exc. acrylic]||Prior to 1977 see A12-M.|
A12-M03|Current|(1977-    )|Ion exchange resins from aromatic olefinic (optionally substituted) (co)polymers||Prior to 1977 see A12-M.|
A12-M04|Current|(1977-    )|Ion exchange resins from other addition (co)polymers||Excluding A12-M03. Prior to 1977 see A12-M.|
A12-M05|Current|(1977-    )|Ion exchange resins from other polymers [exc. addition (co)polymers]; chelate resins||Prior to 1977 see A12-M.|
A12-P|Current||Packaging [other packaging accessories]||e.g. handles, labels.|
A12-P01|Current||Packaging [general]|||
A12-P01A|Current|(1986-    )|(Wrapping) films and film laminates||Optionally containing non-polymeric layers. Prior to 1986 see A12-P01.|
A12-P01B|Current|(1994-    )|General packaging container|A12-P01|Indexed where three or more codes are required from the A12-P+ hierarchy.|
A12-P02|Current||Bags and sacks||Excluding blood bags for which see A12-V03B, handbags for which see A12-T.|
A12-P03|Current||Closures for packaging|||
A12-P04|Current||Shrink packages|||
A12-P05|Current||Tanks, drums||Including linings.|
A12-P06|Current||Other packaging containers [exc. bags, sacks, shrink packages, tanks, drums]|||
A12-P06A|Current|(1970-    )|Bottles, aerosol containers||Prior to 1970 see A12-P06.|
A12-P06B|Current|(1970-    )|Boxes, cartons, crates, rigid packs||Prior to 1970 see A12-P06.|
A12-P06C|Current|(1970-    )|Collapsible tubes, sachets, blister packs||Prior to 1970 see A12-P06.|
A12-P07|Current||Rope, cord, net, webbing, strapping use in packaging|||
A12-R|Current||Building, civil engineering [others]||e.g. road signs and road paints.|
A12-R01|Current||Building, civil engineering [general]|||
A12-R01A|Current|(1986-    )|Concrete, cement, gypsum, mortar compositions and boards||Prior to 1986 see A12-R01.|
A12-R02|Current||Building fittings||i.e. fixtures e.g. baths, guttering.|
A12-R02A|Current|(1986-    )|Windows, doors for buildings||Including frames, seals; excluding A12-R04. Prior to 1986 see A12-R02.|
A12-R02B|Current|(1986-    )|Solar panels, collectors, heat storage devices||Non-electrical. Prior to 1986 see the combination of codes A12-R02 and A12-H for solar panels/collectors; and A12-R02 for heat storage devices.|
A12-R03|Current||Flooring for buildings|||
A12-R04|Current||Glazing, roof lighting for buildings||e.g. skylights.|
A12-R05|Current||Roofing for buildings||Excluding roof lighting.|
A12-R06|Current||Thermal and/or acoustic insulation; honeycomb structures||Including all references. The code is applicable to non-specific uses. For specific uses in building see additionally the appropriate code. For specific uses in transport see A12-T04B and for pipe lagging see A12-H02D1. For other non-building use, see that use only e.g. thermally insulated bottles see A12-P06A.|
A12-R07|Current||Walls, wall coverings and ceilings|||
A12-R08|Current||Sealants, grouts, caulking compositions||The code is applicable to non-specific uses. For specific use in building see additionally the appropriate code e.g. for window seals see A12-R02A and A12-R08. For non-building use see that use only e.g. in sealing batteries see A12-E06+ only.|
A12-R09|Current||Compositions for roads, aircraft runways, paving|||
A12-S|Current||"Semi-finished" materials [other semi-finished materials]||e.g. solutions; bulk-, dough-, sheet- and thick- moulding compounds (BMC, DMC, SMC, TMC); (micro-)gels.|
A12-S01|Current||Expanded polystyrene||Including uses. The codes A4-C02+ are not additionally searchable.|
A12-S01A|Current|(1970-    )|Expanded polystyrene compositions and foaming processes||A11-B06+ is additionally coded for foaming processes. Prior to 1970 see A12-S01.|
A12-S02|Current||Expanded polyurethane, general||The codes A05-G+ are not additionally searchable.|
A12-S02A|Current|(1970-    )|Expanded polyurethane foam-in-place, in-situ||Prior to 1970 see A12-S02.|
A12-S02B|Retired|(1970-1976)|Expanded polyurethane compositions and general foam-forming*||*Applied from the start of 1970 to the end of 1976 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1970 see A12-S02.|
A12-S02C|Current|(1977-    )|Expanded polyurethane foaming processes||Excluding A12-S02A. A11-B06+ is additionally coded. Prior to 1977 see|
A12-S02D|Current|(1977-    )|Expanded polyetherurethanes||Prior to 1977 see A12-S02, A12-S02A and A12-S02B appropriately.|
A12-S02E|Current|(1977-    )|Other specific expanded polyurethanes [exc. polyetherurethanes]||Prior to 1977 see A12-S02, A12-S02A and A12-S02B appropriately.|
A12-S02F|Current|(1986-    )|Expanded polyurethane in building, civil engineering, insulation (acoustic, thermal)||Prior to 1986 see A12-S02 to A12-S02E appropriately.|
A12-S03|Current||Expanded thermosets||e.g. phenoplasts.|
A12-S04|Current||Expanded polymers or general [exc. polystyrene, polyurethane]||Excluding A12-S01+ to A12-S03. Including uses other than A12-S04B to A12-S04E.|
A12-S04A|Current|(1970-    )|Expanded polymers [exc. polystyrene, polyurethane] foamable, expandable compositions, general||Prior to 1970 see A12-S04.|
A12-S04A1|Current|(1977-    )|Expanded polymers [exc. polystyrene, polyurethane] foaming processes||A11-B06+ is additionally coded. Prior to 1977 see A12-S04A.|
A12-S04A2|Current|(1977-    )|Polyolefin compositions and foaming processes||Prior to 1977 see A12-S04A.|
A12-S04A3|Current|(1977-    )|Other resins [exc. poly-styrene, -urethane, -olefin] compositions and foaming processes||Excluding A12-S01+ to A12-S03; e.g. polyisocyanurates. Prior to 1977 see A12-S04A.|
A12-S04B|Current|(1977-    )|Expanded polymers use in building, civil engineering, insulation (acoustic and thermal)||Excluding A12-S04C and A12-S04D. Prior to 1977 see A12-S04 and A12-S04A appropriately.|
A12-S04C|Current|(1977-    )|Expanded polymers use in packaging; agriculture||Prior to 1977 see A12-S04 and A12-S04A appropriately.|
A12-S04D|Current|(1977-    )|Expanded polymers use in fabrics, furniture, upholstery, decorative panels; toys; sport goods||Prior to 1977 see A12-S04 and A12-S04A appropriately.|
A12-S04E|Current|(1977-    )|Expanded polymers use in integral skin foams, floats, cables, electrical insulation||Prior to 1977 see A12-S04 and A12-S04A appropriately.|
A12-S05|Retired|(1966-1969)|Fibres and textiles*||*Applied from the start of Plasdoc to the end of 1969 and as then discontinued.|
A12-S05A|Current|(1970-    )|Non-circular, hollow, tapered fibres||Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05B|Current|(1970-    )|Conjugate fibres||e.g. sea-island, side-by-side, sheath-core. Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05C|Current|(1970-    )|Textured fibres||e.g. crimped, bulked. Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05D|Current|(1970-    )|Elastic fibres||e.g. spandex Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05E|Current|(1970-    )|Other fibres [exc. non-circular, hollow, tapered, conjugate, textured, elastic]||e.g. staple, monofils, fancy yarns. Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05F|Current|(1970-    )|Woven fabrics||Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05G|Current|(1970-    )|Non-woven fabrics; felts||Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05H|Current|(1970-    )|Knitted fabrics||Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05J|Current|(1970-    )|Other fabrics [exc. woven, non-woven, felts, knitted]||e.g. net, pile, tufted. Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05K|Current|(1970-    )|Fibre forming compositions||Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05L|Current|(1970-    )|Production of fibres||Including drawing; see also A11-B02+, A11-B15+ and A11-C05+. Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05M|Current|(1970-    )|Treatment of fibres, textiles, general||Prior to 1970 see A12-S05.|
A12-S05N|Current|(1977-    )|Dyeing polyesters, polyamides or cellulosics fibres and textiles||Prior to 1977 see A12-S05N. See also A11-A01 to A11-A01B appropriately.|
A12-S05P|Current|(1977-    )|Dyeing other fibres and textiles [exc. polyesters, polyamides or cellulosics]||Excluding A12-S05N. Prior to 1977 see A12-S05M. See also A11-A01 to A11-A01B appropriately.|
A12-S05Q|Current|(1977-    )|Printing fibres and textiles||Prior to 1977 see A12-S05M. See also A11-C04A.|
A12-S05R|Current|(1977-    )|Repellent, flame-, crease-, pill-resistant treatments (non-resin) for fibres and textiles||e.g. water, oil, insect. Prior to 1977 see A12-S05M.|
A12-S05S|Current|(1977-    )|Antistatic, surfactant, softener or lubricant treatments for fibres and textiles||i.e. both resinous and non-resinous finishes. Prior to 1977 see A12-S05M.|
A12-S05T|Current|(1977-    )|Other chemical treatments for fibres and textiles||Non-resinous; including carbon fibre production. Prior to 1977 see A12-S05M|
A12-S05U|Current|(1977-    )|Physical and mechanical processes for fibres and textiles||Prior to 1977 see A12-S05M.|
A12-S05X|Current|(1994-    )|General fibre|A12-S05|Indexed for the generic case.|
A12-S06|Current||Films||i.e. self-supporting.|
A12-S06A|Current|(1970-    )|Film production||Including tubular. Prior to 1970 see A12-S06.|
A12-S06B|Current|(1970-    )|Film treatment||Includes welding, chemical etching and surface treatment. Prior to 1970 see A12-S06.|
A12-S06C|Current|(1977-    )|Film having a laminated structure||e.g. with metal foils. Prior to 1977 see A12-S06, A12-S06A and A12-S06B appropriately.|
A12-S06C1|Current|(1986-    )|Film having a laminated structure of polymeric films only||Prior to 1986 see A12-S06C.|
A12-S06D|Current|(1977-    )|Film made from mixtures of polymers||Prior to 1977 see A12-S06, A12-S06A and A12-S-6B appropriately.|
A12-S07|Current||Sheet||Excluding reinforced, for which see A12-S08A.|
A12-S07A|Current|(1970-    )|Laminated sheet||Prior to 1970 see A12-S07.|
A12-S08|Current||Reinforced plastics||See also A12-H02B.|
A12-S08A|Current|(1970-    )|Reinforced plastics sheets, panels, laminates||Prior to 1970 see A12-S08.|
A12-S08B|Current|(1970-    )|Glass fibre reinforced plastics||Excluding A12-S08A; do not search A08-R04 unless novelty in glass fibre. Prior to 1970 see A12-S08.|
A12-S08C|Current|(1977-    )|Other specific reinforced plastics [exc. glass]||e.g. carbon fibre. Prior to 1977 see A12-S08, A12-S08A and A12-S08B appropriately.|
A12-S08D|Current|(1977-    )|Uses of reinforced plastics||Prior to 1977 see A12-S08, A12-S08A and A12-S08B appropriately.|
A12-S08D1|Current|(1986-    )|Uses of reinforced plastics in mechanical engineering||Prior to 1986 see A12-S08D.|
A12-S08D2|Current|(1986-    )|Uses of reinforced plastics in electrical engineering||Prior to 1986 see A12-S08D.|
A12-S08D3|Current|(1986-    )|Uses of reinforced plastics in transport; military||Prior to 1986 see A12-S08D.|
A12-S08E|Current|(1986-    )|Thermoplastic reinforced composites||Prior to 1986 see A12-S08 to A12-S08D appropriately.|
A12-S08F|Current|(1986-    )|Fabric reinforced plastics||i.e. woven, non-woven or knitted of e.g. glass, aramid. Prior to 1986 see A12-S08 to A12-S08D appropriately.|
A12-S09|Current|(1977-    )|Powders, granules ['semi-finished' materials]||Prior to 1977 see A12-S.|
A12-S09A|Current|(1986-    )|Powders, granules ['semi-finished' materials] formed by mechanical treatment||e.g. cutting, grinding. Prior to 1986 see A12-S09.|
A12-S10|Current|(1986-    )|Plastisols ['semi-finished' materials]||Prior to 1986 see A12-S.|
A12-T|Current||Transport [others]||e.g. pallets, travel goods, buoys.|
A12-T01|Current||Tyres and tracks, inner tubes|||
A12-T01A|Current|(1970-    )|Tyre-building equipment||Prior to 1970 see A12-T01.|
A12-T01B|Current|(1977-    )|Tyre design, studs||e.g. tread. Prior to 1977 see A12-T01.|
A12-T01C|Current|(1977-    )|Tyre cord (polymeric only); tyre cord adhesives (polymeric only)||Prior to 1977 see A12-T01.|
A12-T01D|Current|(1977-    )|Retreading, scrap recovery, disposal and use of old tyres||Prior to 1977 see A12-T01.|
A12-T02|Current||Vehicle shells||e.g. boat hulls.|
A12-T03|Current||Other parts for rockets, space vehicles, jet engines, and armaments [exc. shells, tyres, tracks]||Excluding A12-T01+ and A12-T02.|
A12-T03A|Current|(1970-    )|Fuels, explosives||Prior to 1970 see A12-T03.|
A12-T03B|Current|(1977-    )|Petroleum fuel additives||Prior to 1977 see A12-T03A.|
A12-T03C|Current|(1977-    )|Propellants, rocket fuels||Prior to 1977 see A12-T03A.|
A12-T03D|Current|(1994-    )|Military applications|A12-T03||
A12-T03D1|Current|(1994-    )|Military applications (offensive)||e.g. weapons.|
A12-T03D2|Current|(1994-    )|Military applications (defensive)||e.g. body armour (with A12-C02).|
A12-T04|Current||Other vehicle parts and accessories [exc. vehicle shells, tyres, tracks]|||
A12-T04A|Current|(1977-    )|Optical vehicle parts and accessories||Prior to 1977 see A12-T04.|
A12-T04B|Current|(1977-    )|Crash pads (excluding bumpers), fascia, insulation (acoustic and thermal), upholstery for vehicles||Prior to 1977 see A12-T04.|
A12-T04C|Current|(1986-    )|Engine systems and associated components; electrical; for vehicles||Excluding jet engines; e.g. exhaust systems, carburettors, gaskets, propeller shafts. Prior to 1986 see A12-T04.|
A12-T04D|Current|(1986-    )|Other moulded parts, fittings for vehicles||Including bumpers. Prior to 1986 see A12-T04.|
A12-T04E|Current|(1994-    )|Safety devices for vehicles|A12-T04||
A12-T05|Current|(1986-    )|Vehicle coatings, paints||Prior to 1986 see A12-T.|
A12-V|Current||Medical, dental, cosmetics and veterinary [others]|||
A12-V00V|Current|(2002-    )|Medical general|||
A12-V01|Current|(1970-    )|Medicines, pharmaceuticals||Prior to 1970 see A12-V.|
A12-V02|Current|(1970-    )|Prostheses||e.g. artificial blood vessels. Prior to 1970 see A12-V.|
A12-V02A|Current|(1986-    )|Optical prostheses||e.g. contact lenses; for spectacle lenses see A12-L02A, in addition; for spectacle frames see A12-L03. Prior to 1986 see A12-V02.|
A12-V02B|Current|(1986-    )|Dental prostheses||Including fillings, adhesives. Prior to 1986 see A12-V02.|
A12-V03|Current|(1970-    )|Equipment, splints, sutures||Prior to 1970 see A12-V.|
A12-V03A|Current|(1977-    )|Dressings; bandages; tampons; diapers||Prior to 1977 see A12-V03.|
A12-V03B|Current|(1977-    )|Respirators; oxygenating devices; blood handling apparatus and devices||E.g. catheters. Prior to 1977 see A12-V03.|
A12-V03B1|Current|(2006-    )|Birth control devices|||
A12-V03C|Retired|(1977-1985)|Dental, sterilisation and hygiene; testing, diagnosis and pathology*||*Prior to 1977 see A12-V01, A12-V02, A12-V03 and A12-V appropriately.|
A12-V03C1|Current|(1986-    )|Dental; sterilisation and hygiene||e.g. surgical gowns and masks. Prior to 1986 see A12-V03C.|
A12-V03C2|Current|(1986-    )|Testing, diagnosis, pathology||Prior to 1986 see A12-V03C.|
A12-V03D|Current|(1986-    )|Medical or surgical instrumentation and equipment||Excluding A12-V03B, A12-V03C1 and A12-V03C2. Prior to 1986 see A12-V03.|
A12-V04|Current|(1970-    )|Cosmetics, toilet requisites||Including razor blades, wigs. Prior to 1970 see A12-V.|
A12-V04A|Current|(1986-    )|Hair requisites||e.g. shampoo, dyes, gels. Prior to 1986 see A12-V04.|
A12-V04B|Current|(1986-    )|Dental requisites||e.g. toothpaste, dental floss. Prior to 1986 see A12-V04.|
A12-V04C|Current|(1986-    )|Skin requisites||e.g. barrier creams, lotions, powders etc; including nail varnish, lipstick. Prior to 1986 see A12-V04.|
A12-W|Current||Other applications [others]||Excluding A12-A: to A12-V:. (e.g. coffins, watches.)|
A12-W01|Current||Gramophone records|||
A12-W01A|Current|(1986-    )|Video discs||Prior to 1986 see A12-W01.|
A12-W02|Current||Lubricants and functional fluids||Including hydraulic fluids.|
A12-W02A|Current|(1970-    )|Polymeric additives for lubricants and functional fluids||Prior to 1970 see A12-W02.|
A12-W03|Current||Advertising and display|||
A12-W04|Current||Agriculture, horticulture|||
A12-W04A|Current|(1986-    )|Agriculture, horticulture - growing areas, containers||Including greenhouses, cloches, agricultural film, plant pots, mulches. Prior to 1986 see A12-W04.|
A12-W04B|Current|(1986-    )|Agriculture, horticulture - culture media||Including fertilisers, soil improvers, seed coatings. Prior to 1986 see A12-W04.|
A12-W04C|Current|(1986-    )|Agriculture, horticulture - protective chemicals||Including bactericides, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides. Prior to 1986 see A12-W04.|
A12-W05|Current||Encapsulated articles||Excluding electrical goods for which see A12-E04; including microcapsules.|
A12-W06|Current||Paper compositions||Excluding coatings for which see A12-B03+ and paper making machinery (e.g. belts, filters) for which see A12-H+.|
A12-W06A|Current|(1977-    )|Paper compositions from non-cellulosic polymeric film, pulp or fibre||Prior to 1977 see A12-W06.|
A12-W06B|Current|(1977-    )|Addition polymers in paper compositions||Prior to 1977 see A12-W06.|
A12-W06C|Current|(1977-    )|Condensation polymers in paper compositions||Prior to 1977 see A12-W06.|
A12-W06D|Current|(1977-    )|Natural polymers in paper compositions||Excluding natural cellulose e.g. wood fibres. Prior to 1977 see A12-W06.|
A12-W07|Current||Printing; book binding|||
A12-W07A|Current|(1970-    )|Printing plates produced non-photographically||Prior to 1970 see A12-W07.|
A12-W07B|Current|(1977-    )|Lithographic printing plates produced (electro)photographically||Prior to 1977 see A12-W07A.|
A12-W07C|Current|(1977-    )|Other printing plates produced (electro)photographically [exc. lithographic]||Prior to 1977 see A12-W07A.|
A12-W07D|Current|(1977-    )|Printing inks||Prior to 1977 see A12-W07.|
A12-W07D1|Current|(2002-    )|Inkjet inks|||
A12-W07E|Current|(1977-    )|Dyes and pigments for printing inks||Where dye/pigment is novelty. Prior to 1977 see A12-W07.|
A12-W07F|Current|(1977-    )|Other printing equipment/processes||e.g. equipment for book binding, printing blankets. Prior to 1977 see A12-W07.|
A12-W07F1|Current|(1994-    )|Thermal transfer systems|A12-W07F||
A12-W07F2|Current|(2007-    )|Printing substrates|A12-W07|e.g. ink-jet printing paper|
A12-W08|Current||Musical instruments|||
A12-W09|Current|(1970-    )|Food||Excluding packaging for which see A12-P+. Prior to 1970 see A12-W.|
A12-W10|Current|(1970-    )|Mining, oil wells||Prior to 1970 see A12-W.|
A12-W10A|Current|(1986-    )|Drilling mud or fluid||Prior to 1986 see A12-W10.|
A12-W10B|Current|(1986-    )|Well stimulation, flooding, recovery, fracturing||Prior to 1986 see A12-W10.|
A12-W10C|Current|(1986-    )|Cementing, plugging, lining, consolidation||Prior to 1986 see A12-W10.|
A12-W11|Current|(1970-    )|Chemical engineering, pollution control||Prior to 1970 see A12-W.|
A12-W11A|Current|(1977-    )|Reverse osmosis; semi-permeable membranes||Including ultrafilters. Prior to 1977 see A12-W11.|
A12-W11B|Retired|(1977-1985)|Enzyme containing compositions; catalysts*||*Applied from the start of 1977 to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued. From the start of 1986 see A12-W11K and A12-W11L. Prior to 1977 see A12-W11.|
A12-W11C|Current|(1977-    )|Nuclear engineering||Prior to 1977 see A12-W11.|
A12-W11D|Current|(1977-    )|Adsorption other than with ion exchange resins||e.g. in pollution control. Prior to 1977 see A12-W11.|
A12-W11E|Current|(1977-    )|Pollution control using coagulants, flocculants or polyelectrolytes||Prior to 1977 see A12-W11.|
A12-W11F|Current|(1977-    )|Other pollution control [exc. with coagulants, flocculants or polyelectrolytes]||Prior to 1977 see A12-W11.|
A12-W11G|Current|(1986-    )|Heat exchangers, heat storage and heat transfer compositions, coolants, antifreeze||Prior to 1986 see A12-W11 and A12-W12 appropriately.|
A12-W11H|Current|(1986-    )|Polymer use in pigment/dye compositions of no other specified use||Prior to 1986 see A12-W11.|
A12-W11J|Current|(1986-    )|Water treatment (compositions)scale inhibition; corrosion prevention||Including pollution control treatment. Prior to 1986 see A12-W11 and A12-W12 appropriately.|
A12-W11K|Current|(1986-    )|Catalysts and supports (polymer use)||Prior to 1986 see A12-W11B.|
A12-W11L|Current|(1986-    )|(Immobilised) enzymes or microorganisms, microbiology (polymer use)||Excluding detergents for which see A12-W12A or A12-W12B. Prior to 1986 see A12-W11B.|
A12-W12|Current|(1970-    )|Miscellaneous compositions||e.g. syntactic foams, fire-fighting. Prior to 1970 see A12-W.|
A12-W12A|Current|(1977-    )|Polymer use in detergents for fibres/fabrics||Including softeners. Prior to 1977 see A12-W12.|
A12-W12B|Current|(1977-    )|Polymer use in cleaning compositions||Excluding A12-W12A.|
A12-W12C|Current|(1977-    )|Polymeric surfactants||Excluding A12-W12A and A12-W12B. Prior to 1977 see A12-W12.|
A12-W12D|Retired|(1977-1985)|Polymer use in electroplating additives; fluxes, metallurgy, ceramic uses*||*Applied from the start of 1977 to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued. Prior to 1977 see A12-W12.|
A12-W12E|Current|(1986-    )|Polymer use in electroplating bath additives||Prior to 1986 see A12-W12D.|
A12-W12F|Current|(1986-    )|Polymer use in metallurgy||Including fluxes. Prior to 1986 see A12-W12D.|
A12-W12G|Current|(1986-    )|Polymer use in ceramics, refractory compositions||Including for metallurgical end use e.g. mould. Prior to 1986 see A12-W12D.|
A12-W13|Current|(2002-    )|Super absorbents|||
A12-W14|Current|(2007-    )|Nanotechnology||Excl: Resists.|
A12-W15|Current|(2010-    )|Controlled release|||
A12-W16|Current|(2010-    )|Renewable Energy|||
A99-A|Current|(2001-    )|Patents with minimal polymer content|||
B01|Current||Steroids||This section covers all compounds containing the basic steroidal nucleus (cyclopentanophenanthrene ring), which may have other rings (carbocyclic or heterocyclic) fused onto it. Compounds which contain heteroatoms within the basic cyclopentanophenanthrene ring (e.g. azasteroids) are excluded. Homosteroids (containing extra carbon in the ring), norsteroids (missing one carbon in the ring) and secosteroids (bonds broken, e.g. vitamin D) are also excluded. Steroids of unknown structure are coded under B04-B02D: (before 1994) or B04-J02 (after 1994). All groups listed include derivatives. Thus hydroxy includes ethers, esters and cyclic derivatives (linked via an oxygen atom to a steroid carbon atom). All the compound types listed may contain additional substituents, provided that they are not specified for an earlier occurring code.|
B01-A|Current||1,3,5(10)-trienes|||
B01-A01|Current||Estrones (3-ol, 17-one)|||
B01-A02|Current||Estradiols (3,17-diol)|||
B01-A03|Current||Other 1,3,5(10)-trienes|||
B01-B|Current||Steroids - ring 'a' dienes|||
B01-B01|Current||Prednisones (3,11-dione; 17-ol; 17-Z)|||
B01-B02|Current||Prednisolones (3-one; 11,17-diol; 17-Z)|||
B01-B03|Current||Other 1,4-dienes|||
B01-B04|Current||Other ring 'A' dienes|||
B01-C|Current||Steroids - ring 'A' monoenes|||
B01-C01|Current||Cortisones (3,11-dione; 17-ol; 17-Z)|||
B01-C02|Current||Cortisols (3-one; 11,17-diol; 17-Z)|||
B01-C03|Current||17-hydroxylprogesterones (3-one; 17-acetyl)|||
B01-C04|Current||Progesterones (3-one; 17-acetyl)|||
B01-C05|Current||Testosterones (3-one; 17-ol)|||
B01-C06|Current||Pregn(3 or 4)enes (17-y)|||
B01-C07|Current||Pregn(1 or 2)enes (17-y)|||
B01-C08|Current||Pregn(5(10) or 1(10))enes (17-y)|||
B01-C09|Current||Androst(3 or 4)enes|||
B01-C10|Current||Androst(1 or 2)enes|||
B01-C11|Current||Androst(5(10) or 1(10))enes|||
B01-D|Current||Steroids - saturated ring'A'|||
B01-D01|Current||Pregnanes (17-y)||Including cardenolides and digoxin.|
B01-D02|Current||Androstanes|||
B01-E|Current|(2010-    )|Steroids-No structure|B04-J02|Non-structural steroids other than steroid hormones. e.g. plant sterols|
B02|Current||Antibiotics||Antibiotics are coded using the first letter of the parent antibiotic (where this is known or given), for example, dihydro- streptomycin is coded B02-S, chlortetracycline B02-T and adriamycin(doxorubicin) B02-D. Un-named or general antibiotics are coded B02-Z.|
B02-A|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "a", general|||
B02-B|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "b", general|||
B02-C|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "c", general|||
B02-C01|Current|(1977-    )|"C" antibiotics other than cephalosporins"|||
B02-C02|Current|(1977-    )|Ring modified cephalosporins||This code covers cephalosporins with no -(CH2)X (X=H or substituent) at 3-position, or two substituents at 7-position.|
B02-C03|Current|(1977-    )|Other 3-unsubstituted methyl, 7-monosubstituted cephalosporins|||
B02-C04|Current|(1977-    )|Other 7-monosubstituted cephalosporins||Including lactones.|
B02-D|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "d", general|||
B02-E|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "e", general|||
B02-F|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "f", general|||
B02-G|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "g", general|||
B02-H|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "h", general|||
B02-I|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "i", general|||
B02-J|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "j", general|||
B02-K|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "k", general|||
B02-L|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "l", general|||
B02-M|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "m", general|||
B02-N|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "n", general|||
B02-O|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "o", general|||
B02-P|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "p", general||Includes penicillins with no 6-acetamide group.|
B02-P01|Current|(1977-    )|"P" antibiotics other than penicillins|||
B02-P02|Current|(1977-    )|6-acetamidopenicillins, alpha-substituted by N-atom|||
B02-P03|Current|(1977-    )|Other 6-acetamidopenicillins|||
B02-P04|Current|(2012-    )|Other Penicillins||With Beta Lactam ring with 6 position substituted by group other than acetamide|
B02-Q|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "q", general|||
B02-R|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "r", general|||
B02-S|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "s", general|||
B02-T|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "t", general|||
B02-U|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "u", general|||
B02-V|Retired|(1963-1993)|Vaccines and antibiotics beginning with the letter "v", general vaccines*||*Specific code now retired, coverage of V antibiotics as for all other named antibiotics as specified in the section heading.|
B02-V01|Current|(1986-    )|Antibiotics beginning with the letter "v", general|||
B02-V02|Retired|(1986-1993)|Vaccines*|B14-S11+|*Code retired, from 199401 searched under B14-S11+. Excluding interferon. The code B12-A06 for antiviral is not additionally searchable.|
B02-V03|Retired|(1986-1993)|Interferon*|B04-H05+|*Code retired, from 199401 searched under B05-H05+. Not additionally searchable as polypeptide B04-C01+.|
B02-W|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "w", general|||
B02-X|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "x", general|||
B02-Y|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "y", general|||
B02-Z|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "z", general|||
B03|Retired|(    -2010)|Vitamins*||*Coding section retired, from 201101 vitamins have been transferred to B15: codes. B03: codes remain valid and searchable for records prior to 201101. Each sub-group includes related compounds with similar activity, and pro-vitamins. The following compounds although having vitamin activity, are indexed under the appropriate chemical classification only: nicotinic acid (B07-D04+), pantothenic acid (B10-C04D), folic acid (B06-D09), choline (B10-A22), inositol (B10-E04A), biotin (B06-F03), p-amino-benzoic acid (B10-B02A), linoleic acid (B10-C04E) and other unsaturated acids.|
B03-A|Retired|(    -2010)|A and carotenoids*||*Code retired, searched under B15-A00+ as of 201101.|
B03-B|Retired|(    -2010)|B1 (thiamin)*||*Code retired, searched under B15-B01+ as of 201101.|
B03-C|Retired|(    -2010)|B2 (riboflavin)*||*Code retired, searched under B15-B02+ as of 201101.|
B03-D|Retired|(    -2010)|B6 (pyridoxine)*||*Code retired, searched under B15-B06+ as of 201101.|
B03-E|Retired|(    -2010)|B12 and cobalamine*||*Code retired, searched under B15-B12+ as of 201101.|
B03-F|Retired|(    -2010)|C (ascorbic acid)*||*Code retired, searched under B15-C00+ as of 201101.|
B03-G|Retired|(    -2010)|D (calciferol)*||*Code retired, searched under B15-D00+ as of 201101.|
B03-H|Retired|(    -2010)|E and tocopherols*||*Code retired, searched under B15-E00+ as of 201101.|
B03-J|Retired|(    -2010)|Vitamin K*||*Code retired, searched under B15-K00+ as of 201101. This code is applied only when a general term is used in a patent. Any specific compounds in this class are coded by structure only.|
B03-K|Retired|(    -2010)|Vitamin P and others*||*Code retired, searched under B15-P00+ as of 201101. This code is applied only when a general term is used in a patent. Any specific compounds in this class are coded by structure only.|
B03-L|Retired|(    -2010)|Vitamins [general]*||*Code retired, searched under B15-Z00+ as of 201101.|
B04|Current||Natural products (or genetically engineered), polymers||In general, natural products are coded according to their most descriptive feature (usually chemical), thus (i) milk is coded B04-B04K only, and not also B04-B04G (gland extract) or B04-B04L (mammalian extract); (ii) a polysaccharide obtained from a plant is coded B04-C02D only, and not also B04-A07F.|
B04-A|Current||Alkaloids, plant extracts|||
B04-A01|Current||Belladonna||Including tropanes and scopolamines.|
B04-A02|Current||Cinchona||Including quin(id)ines.|
B04-A03|Current||Ergot||Including lysergic acid.|
B04-A04|Current||Opium||Including morphines and morphinans from 198601 but excluding apomorphine.|
B04-A05|Current||Rauwolfia||Including yohimbanes.|
B04-A06|Current||Xanthines||i.e. 2,6-dioxo-purines.|
B04-A07|Retired|(1963-1965)|Plant extracts [general]*||*General code retired 1965, subdivided from 196601. Subcodes B04-A07D+ and B04-A07F+ searched under B04-A10+ as of 199401.|
B04-A07A|Current|(1965-    )|Other alkaloids||This code is applied only when a general term is used in a patent. Any specific compounds in this class are coded by structure only. e.g. strychnine is coded B06-E05 and vincamine B06-D18 only.|
B04-A07A1|Current|(2010-    )|Vinca alkalloids|B06-D18|Includes vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine and vindesine.|
B04-A07B|Current|(1965-    )|Derris||e.g. rotenone.|
B04-A07C|Current|(1965-    )|Pyrethrins|||
B04-A07D|Retired|(1965-1993)|Peat, straw, cereal, seeds, bran, whole plants, juice*||*Code retired, searched under B04-A08; B04-A09 as of 199401.|
B04-A07D1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Peat, humic acid*||*Code retired, searched under B04-A09J as of 199401.|
B04-A07D2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Seeds, husks from seeds, seed meal, cereal, grain*||*Code retired, searched under B04-A09F as of 199401.|
B04-A07D3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Wood shavings, bark, sawdust*||*Code retired, searched under B04-A09G as of 199401.|
B04-A07D4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Grass, straw, hay, plant stems, sap produced by pressing*||*Code retired, searched under B04-A09H as of 199401. Excluding B04-A07D3.|
B04-A07D5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Whole plants, leaves, whole mushrooms, flowers, plants produced by tissue culture*||*Code retired, searched under B04-A08+; B04-A09A; B04-A09B; B04-A09D as of 199401. Excluding B04-A07D4. B11-A is also coded.|
B04-A07E|Current|(1965-    )|Glycosides||This code is applied only when a general term is used in a patent. Any specific compounds in this class are coded by structure only, e.g. glycyrrhizin is coded B07-A02B only.|
B04-A07F|Retired|(1963-1993)|Plant extract [general]*||*Code retired, searched under B04-A10 as of 199401.|
B04-A07F1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Mushrooms, toadstools extracts*||*Code retired, searched under B04-A10A as of 199401.|
B04-A07F2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Other plant extracts*||*Code retired, searched under B04-A10B+; B04-A09C as of 199401.|
B04-A08|Current|(1994-    )|Plant divisions and whole plants general and other|B04-A07D|E suffix is appended to respective whole plant codes for transgenic plants. N.B. Plant cells and plant tissue are coded B04-F08.|
B04-A0800E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant divisions and whole plants general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D|E suffix is appended to respective whole plant codes for transgenic plants. N.B. Plant cells and plant tissue are coded B04-F08.|
B04-A08A|Current|(1994-    )|Bryophytes|B04-A07D5|e.g. liverworts and mosses.|
B04-A08A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Bryophytes (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5|e.g. liverworts and mosses.|
B04-A08A1|Current|(2012-    )|Marchantiophyta (liverworts)|||
B04-A08A1E|Current|(2012-    )|Marchantiophyta (liverworts) (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08A2|Current|(2012-    )|Bryophyta (mosses)|||
B04-A08A2E|Current|(2012-    )|Bryophyta (mosses) (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08A3|Current|(2012-    )|Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)|||
B04-A08A3E|Current|(2012-    )|Anthocerotophyta (hornworts) (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08B|Current|(1994-    )|Pteridophytes|B04-A07D5|e.g. ferns.|
B04-A08B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Pteridophytes (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5|e.g. ferns.|
B04-A08B1|Current|(2012-    )|Psilotopsida|||
B04-A08B1E|Current|(2012-    )|Psilotopsida (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08B2|Current|(2012-    )|Equisetopsida|||
B04-A08B2E|Current|(2012-    )|Equisetopsida (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08B3|Current|(2012-    )|Marattiopsida|||
B04-A08B3E|Current|(2012-    )|Marattiopsida (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08B4|Current|(2012-    )|Polypodiopsida|||
B04-A08B4E|Current|(2012-    )|Polypodiopsida (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08C|Retired|(1994-2011)|Spermatophytes*|B04-A07D5|*Code applied only 1994-2011 and then retired, then subdivided as of 201201.|
B04-A08C0E|Retired|(1994-2011)|Spermatophytes (genetically engineered)*|B04-A07D5|*Code applied only 1994-2011 and then retired, then subdivided as of 201201.|
B04-A08C1|Retired|(1994-2011)|Gymnosperms*|B04-A07D5|*Code retired, searched under B04-A08F+ as of 201201. E.g. conifers.|
B04-A08C1E|Retired|(1994-2011)|Gymnosperms (genetically engineered)*|B04-A07D5|*Code retired, searched under B04-A08F+ as of 201201. E.g. conifers.|
B04-A08C2|Retired|(1994-2011)|Angiosperms*|B04-A07D5|*Code retired, searched under B04-A08G+ as of 201201. E.g. flowering plants, grass, dicotyledons and monocotyledons.|
B04-A08C2E|Retired|(1994-2011)|Angiosperms (genetically engineered)*|B04-A07D5|*Code retired, searched under B04-A08G+ as of 201201. E.g. flowering plants, grass, dicotyledons and monocotyledons.|
B04-A08D|Current|(1994-    )|Fungi (higher)|B04-A07D5|e.g. mushrooms, toadstools, but not unicellular or microscopic fungi.|
B04-A08D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fungi (higher) (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5|e.g. mushrooms, toadstools, but not unicellular or microscopic fungi.|
B04-A08D1|Current|(2012-    )|Ascomycota|||
B04-A08D1E|Current|(2012-    )|Ascomycota (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08D2|Current|(2012-    )|Basidiomycota|||
B04-A08D2E|Current|(2012-    )|Basidiomycota (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08F|Current|(2012-    )|Gymnosperms|||
B04-A08F0E|Current|(2012-    )|Gymnosperms (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08F1|Current|(2012-    )|Pinophyta (Conifers)|||
B04-A08F1E|Current|(2012-    )|Pinophyta (Conifers) (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08F2|Current|(2012-    )|Ginkgophyta|||
B04-A08F2E|Current|(2012-    )|Ginkgophyta (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08F3|Current|(2012-    )|Cycadophyta (Cycads)|||
B04-A08F3E|Current|(2012-    )|Cycadophyta (Cycads) (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08F4|Current|(2012-    )|Gnetophyta|||
B04-A08F4E|Current|(2012-    )|Gnetophyta (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08G|Current|(2012-    )|Angiosperms|||
B04-A08G0E|Current|(2012-    )|Angiosperms (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08G1|Current|(2012-    )|Monocots|||
B04-A08G1E|Current|(2012-    )|Monocots (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A08G2|Current|(2012-    )|Dicots|||
B04-A08G2E|Current|(2012-    )|Dicots (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A09|Current|(1994-    )|Plant parts general and other|B04-A07D|Plant parts derived from specific plant species are additionally coded in B04-A08.|
B04-A0900E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant parts general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D|Plant parts derived from specific plant species are additionally coded in B04-A08.|
B04-A09A|Current|(1994-    )|Leaves|B04-A07D5||
B04-A09A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Leaves (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5||
B04-A09B|Current|(1994-    )|Flowers and parts|B04-A07D5|Excluding pollen.|
B04-A09B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Flowers and parts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5|Excluding pollen.|
B04-A09C|Current|(1994-    )|Pollen|B04-A07F, B04-B04C2||
B04-A09C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Pollen (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F, B04-B04C2||
B04-A09D|Current|(1994-    )|Roots|B04-A07D5||
B04-A09D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Roots (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5||
B04-A09F|Current|(1994-    )|Seeds, seed husks, seed meal, cereal, grain, nuts, bran|B04-A07D2||
B04-A09F0E|Current|(1994-    )|Seeds, seed husks, seed meal, cereal, grain, nuts, bran (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D2||
B04-A09G|Current|(1994-    )|Wood, shavings, bark, sawdust|B04-A07D3||
B04-A09G0E|Current|(1994-    )|Wood, shavings, bark, sawdust (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D3||
B04-A09H|Current|(1994-    )|Straw, hay, stems, sap, plant resin|B04-A07D4|Includes propolis|
B04-A09H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Straw, hay, stems, sap, plant resin (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D4||
B04-A09J|Current|(1994-    )|Peat, humic acid|B04-A07D1||
B04-A09J0E|Current|(1994-    )|Peat, humic acid (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D1||
B04-A09K|Current|(2006-    )|Fruit|||
B04-A09K0E|Current|(2006-    )|Fruit (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A10|Current|(1994-    )|Plant extracts general and other|B04-A07F|Plant extracts derived from specific plant species are additionally coded in B04-A08. When the use of Chinese herbal medicine is claimed this code is applied.|
B04-A1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant extracts general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F|Plant extracts derived from specific plant species are additionally coded in B04-A08. When the use of Chinese herbal medicine is claimed this code is applied.|
B04-A10A|Current|(1994-    )|Fungi|B04-A07F1|e.g. mushrooms, toadstools, but not unicellular or microscopic fungi.|
B04-A10A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fungi (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F1|e.g. mushrooms, toadstools, but not unicellular or microscopic fungi.|
B04-A10B|Current|(1994-    )|Leaf extracts|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Leaf extracts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10C|Current|(1994-    )|Flower extracts and extracts from flower parts|B04-A07F2|Excluding pollen.|
B04-A10C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Flower extracts and extracts from flower parts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F2|Excluding pollen.|
B04-A10D|Current|(1994-    )|Pollen extract|B04-A07F, B04-B04C2||
B04-A10D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Pollen extract (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F, B04-B04C2||
B04-A10F|Current|(1994-    )|Root extracts|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10F0E|Current|(1994-    )|Root extracts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10G|Current|(1994-    )|Seed, seed husk, seed meal, cereal, grain and nut extracts|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10G0E|Current|(1994-    )|Seed, seed husk, seed meal, cereal, grain and nut extracts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10H|Current|(1994-    )|Wood shaving, bark, sawdust extracts|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Wood shaving, bark, sawdust extracts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10J|Current|(1994-    )|Straw, hay, stem and sap extracts|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10J0E|Current|(1994-    )|Straw, hay, stem and sap extracts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F2||
B04-A10K|Current|(2006-    )|Fruit extract|||
B04-A10K0E|Current|(2006-    )|Fruit extract (genetically engineered)|||
B04-A98|Current|(2012-    )|Patent with herbal composition|||
B04-A99|Current|(2012-    )|Patent with hybrid plant|||
B04-B|Current||Animal, microbiological and general extracts|||
B04-B01|Retired|(1963-1965)|Oils, fats [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
B04-B01A|Current|(1965-    )|Halogenated oils, waxes, etc.|||
B04-B01B|Current|(1965-    )|Fats, lanolin, lipids|||
B04-B01C|Current||Oils and waxes [general]|||
B04-B01C1|Current|(1986-    )|Vegetable oils and waxes||e.g. sunflower, soy bean and cotton seed oil.|
B04-B01C2|Current|(1986-    )|Animal oils and waxes||E.g. spermaceti, cod liver oil, honeycomb and beeswax.|
B04-B01C3|Current|(1986-    )|Mineral oils and waxes||e.g. vaseline, petroleum liquid paraffin and synthetic oils.|
B04-B01D|Current|(2010-    )|Other oil and wax derivatives|B04-B01C|Oils and waxes that are hydrogenated and/or modified by a polymer. May be applied in conjunction with codes from B04-B01C|Hydrogenated oils/waxes, polyoxyethylated oils/waxes
B04-B02|Retired|(1963-1965)|Microorganisms, hormones, enzymes [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
B04-B02A|Current|(1965-    )|Gibberellins|||
B04-B02B|Retired|(1965-1993)|Microorganisms [general]*||*Code retired, searched under B04-F01 as of 199401.|
B04-B02B1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Bacteria*||*Code retired, searched under B04-F10+ as of 199401. E.g. Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Rickettsia.|
B04-B02B2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Fungi*||*Code retired, searched under B04-F09+ as of 199401. E.g. Candida, Aspergillus, Streptomyces.|
B04-B02B3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Algae*||*Code retired, searched under B04-F08 as of 199401. E.g. Spirella.|
B04-B02B4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Viruses*||*Code retired, searched under B04-F11 as of 199401.|
B04-B02B5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Other microorganisms*||*Code retired, searched under B04-F06; B04-F07; B04-F10A4 as of 199401. E.g. Mycoplasma.|
B04-B02C|Retired|(1965-1993)|Enzymes [general]*||*Code retired, searched under B04-L01 as of 199401. The code B04-B02C is used when the type of enzyme is unspecified. When specific enzymes are given then these are coded in B04-B02C1 to B04-B02C7 in preference to B04-B02C.|
B04-B02C1|Retired|(1977-1993)|Coenzymes*||*Code retired, searched under B04-L02 as of 199401.|
B04-B02C2|Retired|(1977-1993)|Oxidoreductases*||*Code retired, searched under B04-L03+ as of 199401.|
B04-B02C3|Retired|(1977-1993)|Hydrolases*||*Code retired, searched under B04-L05+ as of 199401. E.g. chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, fibrinolysin, streptokinase, streptodorinase, collagenase, plasmin, plasminogen.|
B04-B02C4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Transferases*||*Code retired, searched under B04-L04+ as of 199401.|
B04-B02C5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Lyases*||*Code retired, searched under B04-L06 as of 199401.|
B04-B02C6|Retired|(1986-1993)|Isomerases*||*Code retired, searched under B04-L07 as of 199401.|
B04-B02C7|Retired|(1986-1993)|Ligases (synthetases)*||*Code retired, searched under B04-L08 as of 199401.|
B04-B02D|Retired|(1965-1993)|Hormones and steroids [general]*||*Code retired, searched under B04-J01; B04-J02; B04-J03; B04-J04; B04-J05 as of 199401. The code B12-G04 or B04-C01 is not additionally applied with B04-B02D2 to B04-B02D4 unless a structure is given in the patent.|
B04-B02D1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Steroidal hormones (no complete structure)*||*Code retired, searched under B04-J02 as of 199401.|
B04-B02D2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Pancreatic hormones*||*Code retired, searched under B04-J03+ as of 199401.|
B04-B02D3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Thyroid and parathyroid hormone*||*Code retired, searched under B04-J04+ as of 199401. E.g. calcitonin, thyrocalcitonin, parathyroid hormone and their derivatives.|
B04-B02D4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Pituitary gland hormones*||*Code retired, searched under B04-J05+ as of 199401. E.g. neurohypophyseal, intermedin, chromophorotropic, melanocyte stimulating, melanophoric hormone, adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH) corticotropic, follicle stimulating (FSH), interstitial call stimulating, prolactin, ammotrophin, somatotropin, thyroid stimulating, thyrotropic, thyrotropin, vasopressin, chorionic gonadotropin, luteinising, growth and their derivatives.|
B04-B02E|Retired|(1975-1993)|Prostaglandins*||*Code retired, searched under B04-H03+ as of 199401. From 197501 prostaglandins were coded B04-B02E only and no longer according to their chemical structure.|
B04-B03|Current|(1965-    )|Nucleosides and nucleotides [general]||Coenzymes which are nucleotides are also coded B04-B02C1 (before 1994) or B04-L02 (from 1994). Nucleosides and nucleotides containing xanthine bases are coded B04-B03+ and not B04-A06.|
B04-B03A|Current|(1986-    )|Nucleosides||e.g. Adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine, thymidine. From 2005 chemically modified nucleosides are coded B04-B03D.|
B04-B03B|Current|(1986-    )|Nucleotides||e.g. Adenylic acid, cytidylic acid. From 2005 chemically modified nucleotides are coded B04-B03E.|
B04-B03C|Current|(1994-    )|Oligonucleotides|B04-B04A1, B04-B03B|This code is applied whenever the term Oligonucleotide is used in a patent, or otherwise to chains of 3 to 6 nucleotide units.|
B04-B03D|Current|(2005-    )|Modified nucleosides||E.g. C in ring, open chain structure. Compounds where the only modification is a deoxyribose sugar are searched as nucleosides.|
B04-B03E|Current|(2005-    )|Modified nucleotides||E.g. C in ring, open chain structure. Compounds where the only modification is a deoxyribose sugar are searched as nucleotides.|
B04-B04|Retired|(1963-1965)|Animal extract [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
B04-B04A|Retired|(1965-1993)|Proteins, nucleic acids, cells general*||*Code retired, searched under B04-E01; B04-F01; B04-N04; B04-N05; B04-N06 as of 199401. For antigens see B04-B04C.|
B04-B04A1|Retired|(1986-1993)|DNA, vector DNA, RNA, nucleic acids*||*Code retired, searched under B04-E02+; B04-E03+; B04-E04; B04-E05; B04-E06; B04-E07; B04-E08 as of 199401.|
B04-B04A2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Plant cells*||*Code retired, searched under B04-F08 as of 199401.|
B04-B04A3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Animal cells*||*Code retired, searched under B04-F02; B04-F05; B04-F07 as of 199401. For blood cells see B04-B04D, microbial cells see B04-B02B (1965-1993) and B04-F01 (as of 199401).|
B04-B04A4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Proteins from plants and mushrooms*||*Code retired, searched under B04-N01+ as of 199401. E.g. gluten.|
B04-B04A5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Proteins from microorganisms*||*Code retired, searched under B04-N03+ as of 199401.|
B04-B04A6|Retired|(1986-1993)|Proteins from animals or insects*||*Code retired, searched under B04-N02+ as of 199401. E.g. gelatin, egg white, glycoproteins, gamma globulins, silk.|
B04-B04B|Current|(1965-    )|Animal excrements [general]|||
B04-B04B1|Current|(1994-    )|Urine|B04-B04B||
B04-B04B2|Current|(1994-    )|Faeces|B04-B04B||
B04-B04C|Current|(1965-    )|Antigens, general antibody (pre-94)|B04-G01||
B04-B04C1|Current|(1986-    )|Microbial antigen||When used as a vaccine then B02-V02 is coded (before 1994) or B14-S11+ (from 1994).|
B04-B04C2|Current|(1986-    )|Other antigens||Material which is antigenic is also coded.|
B04-B04C3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Microbial antibody*||*Code retired, searched under B04-G07; B04-G08; B04-G09 as of 199401.|
B04-B04C4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Anticancer antibody*||*Code retired, searched under B04-G05 as of 199401.|
B04-B04C5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Monoclonal antibody*||*Code retired, searched under B04-G21 as of 199401.|
B04-B04C6|Retired|(1986-1993)|Other antibody including immunoglobulin and haemaglutinin*||*Code retired, searched under B04-G02; B04-G03; B04-G04; B04-G06; B04-G10; B04-G20; B04-G22 as of 199401.|
B04-B04C7|Current|(1994-    )|Haptens|B04-B04C|A substance which can combine with antibody but cannot itself initiate an immune response unless it is attached to a carrier molecule.|
B04-B04C8|Current|(2005-    )|Cancer antigen|||
B04-B04C9|Current|(2005-    )|Allergen||The specific substance which is allergenic is also coded (e.g. B04-A08C2 + B04-A09C for pollen).|
B04-B04D|Current|(1965-    )|Blood and derivatives [general]|||
B04-B04D1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Blood cells and derivatives*||*Code retired, searched under B04-F04 as of 199401. Including leucocytes, erythrocytes, lymphocytes. These are not coded under B04-B04A3.|
B04-B04D2|Current|(1986-    )|Blood proteins||Excluding blood factors. e.g. serum albumin, haemoglobin, fibrinogen (prior to 198601 see also B04-B04A). From 1994 all clotting factors including fibrin and fibrinogen are coded under B04-H19.|
B04-B04D3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Blood factors*||*Code retired, searched under B04-H01; B04-H13; B04-H14; B04-H15; B04-H19 as of 199401. E.g. clotting factors, thrombin (see also B04-B02C3 (1997-1993) and B04-L05+ (from 199401) for prothrombin, fibrinogen).|
B04-B04D4|Current|(1986-    )|Blood serum, plasma||Excluding B04-B04D2/3.|
B04-B04D5|Current|(1986-    )|Whole blood||Excluding B04-B04D1 to B04-B04D4.|
B04-B04E|Current|(1965-    )|Bone, marrow, nails, skin, teeth||Includes skin, horn, hair and extracts.|Oyster shell/Shell powder
B04-B04F|Retired|(1965-1993)|Enzyme inhibitors*||*Code retired, searched under B04-M01 as of 199401.|
B04-B04G|Old|(1965-2014)|Gland extracts||Including snake venom, but excluding hormones.|
B04-B04G|Current|(2015-    )|Gland extracts||Includes saliva, snake venom and musk.|
B04-B04H|Current|(1965-    )|Organ extracts||Including extracts from all body organs, such as, heart, kidney, liver, placenta, nerve, brain, lung, pancreas, intestine, stomach|
B04-B04J|Retired|(1965-1993)|Metabolic factors*||*Code retired, searched under B04-H01; B04-H04+; B04-H06+; B04-H08; B04-H09; B04-H10; B04-H12; B04-H13; B04-H14; B04-H16; B04-H17; B04-H18 as of 199401.|
B04-B04K|Current|(1965-    )|Milk||Including derivatives.|
B04-B04L|Current|(1965-    )|Other mammalian extracts||This code is used for mammalian extracts only (from 1994). For whole mammals see B04-P.|
B04-B04M|Current|(1965-    )|Other non-mammalian extracts||This code is used for non-mammalian extracts only (from 1994). For whole animals see B04-P.|
B04-B04M1|Current|(2012-    )|Arthropod|||
B04-B04M2|Current|(2012-    )|Amphibian|||
B04-B04M3|Current|(2012-    )|Reptile|||
B04-B04M4|Current|(2012-    )|Fish|||
B04-B04M5|Current|(2012-    )|Avian|||
B04-B04M6|New|(2017-    )|Trochozoa||Includes annelids (worms) and molluscs.|
B04-B04N|Old|(2014-2014)|Avian eggs|||
B04-B04N|Current|(2015-    )|Eggs||Used where the source of the eggs is not specified or where all three sub-codes are applicable. Also includes egg parts and extracts. Avian eggs code as B04-B04N1 from 201501.|
B04-B04N1|Current|(2015-    )|Avian eggs|||
B04-B04N2|Current|(2015-    )|Fish eggs, fish roe|||
B04-B04N3|Current|(2015-    )|Eggs from other sources||Includes insect and reptile eggs.|
B04-C|Current||Polymers||The generic codes B04-C01, B04-C02 and B04-C03 are only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. Therefore when a specific code is searched, the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
B04-C01|Current||Polypeptides [general]||Polypeptides containing four or more peptide units are coded from B04-C01A to B04-C01G only, tripeptides are coded both B04-C01A and according to their chemical structure (in B05 to B10) and dipeptides are coded according to their chemical structures only. Cystine represents two amino acid residues. Polypeptide/protein sequences are further coded under B04-N.|
B04-C01A|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 3 to 5 alpha amino acid residues|||
B04-C01B|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 6 to 10 alpha amino acid residues|||
B04-C01C|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 11 to 15 alpha amino acid residues|||
B04-C01D|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 16 to 20 alpha amino acid residues|||
B04-C01E|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 21 to 25 alpha amino acid residues|||
B04-C01F|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 26 to 30 alpha amino acid residues|||
B04-C01G|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 31 or more alpha amino acid residues||This code also includes proteins of defined amino acid sequence.|
B04-C01H|Current|(2005-    )|Modified and/or cyclic peptides||Includes analogues. Should be applied in conjunction with a length code selected from B04-C01A to B04-C01G. Not used for peptides cyclised purely by disulfide bridge formation.|
B04-C02|Current||Polysaccharides [general]||These must contain at least 7 sugar residues in sequence.|
B04-C02A|Current|(1986-    )|Cellulose and derivatives|||
B04-C02A1|Current|(1986-    )|Unmodified cellulose|||
B04-C02A2|Current|(1986-    )|Cellulose ethers||e.g. carboxymethylcellulose.|
B04-C02A3|Current|(1986-    )|Cellulose esters||e.g. cellulose acetate.|
B04-C02B|Current|(1986-    )|Starch, dextrin and derivatives|||
B04-C02B1|Current|(1986-    )|Cyclodextrin and derivatives|||
B04-C02B2|Current|(1986-    )|Unmodified starch|||
B04-C02B3|Current|(2010-    )|Modified Starch|B04-C02B|Includes derivatives of starch such as carboxymethyl starch|
B04-C02B4|Current|(2012-    )|Dextrin|||
B04-C02C|Current|(1986-    )|Dextran|||
B04-C02D|Old|(1986-2011)|Polysaccharides from plant||Excluding cellulose, starch, dextran. Including pectin, plant gums, alginates, agar.|
B04-C02D|Current|(2012-    )|Polysaccharides from plant||Excluding cellulose, starch, dextran, dextrin. Including pectin, plant gums, alginates, agar|
B04-C02E|Old|(1986-2011)|Polysaccharides from animal, bird, reptile, or insect|||
B04-C02E|Current|(2012-    )|Polysaccharides from animal, bird, reptile or arthropod|||
B04-C02E1|Current|(1986-    )|Heparin (optionally modified)|||
B04-C02E2|Current|(1986-    )|Chondroitin (optionally modified)|||
B04-C02E3|Current|(1986-    )|Chitin (optionally modified)||The code B04-C02F can also be searched if chitin is obtained from fungal source.|
B04-C02E4|Current|(2012-    )|Hyaluronic acid (optionally modified)|||
B04-C02F|Current|(1986-    )|Polysaccharides from microbial sources||Polysaccharide which is modified microbiologically can also be searched under the code for the original polysaccharide.|
B04-C02V|Current|(1994-    )|Lipopolysaccharide|B04-C02, B04-B01B||
B04-C02X|Current|(1994-    )|Oligosaccharides||This code is applied whenever the term oligosaccharide is used in a patent, or otherwise to chains of 3 to 6 sugar units. Tetrahydropyran(furan) are not coded unless they are ring modified.|
B04-C03|Current||Polymers [general]|||
B04-C03A|Current|(1975-    )|Poly n-vinyl-lactams|||
B04-C03B|Current|(1975-    )|Other addition polymers [exc. poly n-vinyl lactams]|||
B04-C03C|Current|(1975-    )|Polyethers||Including thioethers and sulphides.|
B04-C03D|Current|(1975-    )|Natural, other condensation [exc. polyethers]|||
B04-C03E|Current|(2002-    )|Dendrimers|||
B04-C03E0E|Current|(2002-    )|Dendrimers (genetically engineered)|||
B04-C03F|Current|(2005-    )|Silicones|B04-C03D||
B04-D|Current||Other natural products|||
B04-D01|Current||Sugars (mono- or disaccharides)||This code is used for sugars of undefined structure only, or when the sugar is an essential ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition.|
B04-D01A|Current|(2011-    )|Honey|||
B04-D02|Current||Other natural products||Includes any other natural product not covered by other codes e.g. clay, minerals, etc|
B04-D03|Current|(1994-    )|Biomass|B04-A07D, B04-A07F, B04-B02B, B04-B04B, B04-B04L, B04-B04M||
B04-E|Current||Nucleic acids||Nucleic acids contain 7 or more nucleotide residues. E suffix is not appended to the codes in this section.|
B04-E01|Current|(1994-    )|Nucleic acid general and other|B04-B04A1|This code covers only non-specific or general nucleic acids. It is not used to replace three or more codes for specific forms of DNA/RNA which are all coded individually in section B04-E02 to B04-E08. For example, if a patent claims: (1) a DNA sequence comprising a gene coding for a 5-HT receptor. (2) a plasmid containing (1). (3) a nucleic acid probe. (4) an antisense oligonucleotide. the codes are: B04-B03C, B04-E03D, B04-E05, B04-E06, B04-E08.|
B04-E02|Current|(1994-    )|Altered DNA coding sequences|B04-B04A1|These codes include engineered, recombinant constructs, chimeric genes, heterologous genes, fusion genes, allelic variants and mutant alleles. The codes include RNA transcripts of these sequences.|
B04-E02A|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding antibodies|B04-B04A1||
B04-E02B|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding modifiers of cell function and growth|B04-B04A1||
B04-E02C|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding hormones|B04-B04A1||
B04-E02D|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding receptors|B04-B04A1||
B04-E02E|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding enzymes|B04-B04A1||
B04-E02F|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding other protein/polypeptide|B04-B04A1||
B04-E02G|Current|(2002-    )|Oncogene|||
B04-E02H|Current|(2002-    )|Encoding fusion protein|||
B04-E02J|Current|(2007-    )|Nucleic acids encoding antigens|B04-E02F|For altered nucleic acid sequences of this nature|
B04-E02K|Current|(2009-    )|Encoding nucleic acid|||
B04-E03|Current|(1994-    )|Other DNA coding sequences|B04-B04A1|These codes cover wild type genes and their fragments, and include their RNA transcripts.|
B04-E03A|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding antibodies|B04-B04A1||
B04-E03B|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding modifiers of cell function and growth|B04-B04A1||
B04-E03C|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding hormones|B04-B04A1||
B04-E03D|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding receptors|B04-B04A1||
B04-E03E|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding enzymes|B04-B04A1||
B04-E03F|Current|(1994-    )|Encoding other protein/polypeptide|B04-B04A1||
B04-E03G|Current|(2002-    )|Oncogene|||
B04-E03H|Retired|(2002-2008)|Encoding fusion protein*||*Code applied only from 2002-2008 and then withdrawn.|
B04-E03J|Current|(2007-    )|Nucleic acids encoding antigens|B04-E03F|For wild type nucleic acid sequences of this nature|
B04-E03K|Current|(2009-    )|Encoding nucleic acid|||
B04-E04|Current|(1994-    )|Promoters, enhancers, regulatory sequences, upstream activating sequences|B04-B04A1||
B04-E05|Current|(1994-    )|Primers, probes||Probes can be coded in conjunction with B12-K04G codes, e.g. a probe for detecting cancer is coded B04-E05 and B12-K04G2A. A new method for diagnosing cancer utilising probes is coded B04-E05, B11-C08E5 and B12-K04G2A.|
B04-E06|Current|(1994-    )|Antisense sequences|B04-B04A1|Excluding antisense probes.|
B04-E07|Current|(1994-    )|Other non-coding sequences|B04-B04A1|This code includes ribozyme, ribosomal, transfer and mitochondrial nucleic acids.|
B04-E07A|Current|(2005-    )|Ribozyme||An RNA molecule that has catalytic activity.|
B04-E07B|Current|(2005-    )|Dnazyme|||
B04-E07C|Current|(2005-    )|Sirna (short interfering RNA)||Double stranded short RNA molecules that bind to RNA and target them for degradation and/or destruction.|
B04-E07D|Current|(2005-    )|Mirna (micro RNA)||Micro RNA.|
B04-E07E|Current|(2006-    )|Small hairpin RNA|||
B04-E07F|Current|(2007-    )|Aptamer|B04-E07||
B04-E08|Current|(1994-    )|Vectors, plasmids, cosmids, transposons|B04-B04A1|Viral vectors are also coded under virus (B04-F11).|
B04-E09|Current|(2002-    )|Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)|||
B04-E10|Current|(2002-    )|Peptide nucleic acid|||
B04-E11|Current|(2002-    )|Other analog nucleic acid|||
B04-E12|Current|(2002-    )|Reporter/marker nucleic acid|||
B04-E13|Current|(2015-    )|CRISPR||Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Includes SPIDR (Spacer Interspersed Direct Repeats). May be additionally searched with CRISPR nuclease (B04-L05A2) if the system also contains a claimed enzymatic component e.g. CRISPR/Cas system.|
B04-E99|Current|(2008-    )|Patent with Geneseq record|||
B04-F|Current||Cells, microorganisms, transformants, hosts||E suffix is appended to codes for cells which are products of genetic manipulation, but not to naturally occurring mutant microbial strains, products of cell fusion or mutagenesis.|
B04-F01|Current|(1994-    )|Cells, microorganisms, transformants, hosts, cell lines, tissue [general]|B04-B02B, B04-B04A, B04-B04D1||
B04-F0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Cells, microorganisms, transformants, hosts, cell lines, tissue [general] (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B, B04-B04A, B04-B04D1||
B04-F02|Current|(1994-    )|Mammal (including human)|B04-B04A3||
B04-F0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Mammal (including human) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A3||
B04-F02A|Current|(2002-    )|Cancer cells/carcinoma|||
B04-F02A0E|Current|(2002-    )|Cancer cells/carcinoma (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F02B|Current|(2005-    )|Stem cells||Cell that can replicate indefinitely and differentiate into other cells.|
B04-F02B0E|Current|(2005-    )|Stem cells (genetically engineered)||Cell that can replicate indefinitely and differentiate into other cells.|
B04-F02C|New|(2017-    )|Progenitor cells||Cell that is more advanced than a stem cell, giving rise to a distinct cell lineage.|
B04-F02C0E|New|(2017-    )|Progenitor cells (genetically engineered)||Cell that is more advanced than a stem cell, giving rise to a distinct cell lineage.|
B04-F03|Current|(1994-    )|Sperm, ova (germ cells)|B04-B02D||
B04-F0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Sperm, ova (germ cells) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-F04|Current|(1994-    )|Blood cells (general)|B04-B04D1|This code covers non-specific blood cells or when three or more specific types of blood cell are mentioned.|
B04-F0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Blood cells (genetically engineered)|B04-B04D1|This code covers non-specific blood cells or when three or more specific types of blood cell are mentioned.|
B04-F04A|Current|(2006-    )|Red blood cells|||
B04-F04A0E|Current|(2006-    )|Red blood cells (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F04B|Current|(2006-    )|White blood cells (general)||This code is used when non-specific white blood cells are mentioned or when three or more white blood cell types are mentioned.|
B04-F04B0E|Current|(2006-    )|White blood cells (genetically engineered)||This code is used when non-specific white blood cells are mentioned or when three or more white blood cell types are mentioned.|
B04-F04B1|Current|(2006-    )|Lymphocytes|||
B04-F04B1A|Current|(2006-    )|T-lymphocytes|||
B04-F04B1B|Current|(2006-    )|B-lymphocytes|||
B04-F04B1E|Current|(2006-    )|Lymphocytes (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F04B2|Current|(2006-    )|Other white blood cells|||
B04-F04B2A|Current|(2006-    )|Dendritic cells|||
B04-F04B2B|Current|(2006-    )|Macrophages|||
B04-F04B2C|Current|(2006-    )|Neutrophil|||
B04-F04B2D|Current|(2006-    )|Others|||
B04-F04B2E|Current|(2006-    )|Other white blood cells (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F05|Current|(1994-    )|Hybridoma|B04-B04A3||
B04-F0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Hybridoma (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A3||
B04-F05A|Current|(2005-    )|Chimeric and fused cells||Cells comprising or formed from components derived from two separate cell types, not including hybridomas coded under B04-F05.|
B04-F05A0E|Current|(2005-    )|Chimeric and fused cells (genetically engineered)||Cells comprising or formed from components derived from two separate cell types, not including hybridomas coded under B04-F05.|
B04-F06|Current|(1994-    )|Protozoa|B04-B02B5||
B04-F0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Protozoa (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B5||
B04-F07|Current|(1994-    )|Other animal|B04-B04A3||
B04-F0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Other animal (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A3||
B04-F07A|Current|(2002-    )|Arthropod|||
B04-F07A0E|Current|(2002-    )|Arthropod (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F07B|Current|(2002-    )|Amphibian|||
B04-F07B0E|Current|(2002-    )|Amphibian (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F07C|Current|(2002-    )|Reptile|||
B04-F07C0E|Current|(2002-    )|Reptile (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F07D|Current|(2002-    )|Fish|||
B04-F07D0E|Current|(2002-    )|Fish (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F07E|Current|(2006-    )|Avian|||
B04-F07E0E|Current|(2006-    )|Transgenic avian|||
B04-F08|Current|(1994-    )|Plant/algae|B04-B04A2, B04-B02B3||
B04-F0800E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant/algae (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A2, B04-B02B3||
B04-F08A|Current|(2008-    )|Algae||Includes diatoms|
B04-F08A0E|Current|(2008-    )|Algae (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F09|Current|(1994-    )|Yeast/fungus general and other|B04-B02B2||
B04-F0900E|Current|(1994-    )|Yeast/fungus general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B2||
B04-F09A|Current|(1994-    )|Aspergillus|B04-B02B2|e.g. A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. oryzae.|
B04-F09A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Aspergillus (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B2|e.g. A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. oryzae.|
B04-F09B|Current|(1994-    )|Neurospora|B04-B02B2|e.g. N. crassa.|
B04-F09B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Neurospora (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B2|e.g. N. crassa.|
B04-F09C|Current|(1994-    )|Saccharomyces|B04-B02B2|e.g. S. pombe, S. cerevisiae (brewer's yeast).|
B04-F09C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Saccharomyces (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B2|e.g. S. pombe, S. cerevisiae (brewer's yeast).|
B04-F09D|Current|(2005-    )|Pichia pastoris yeast|||
B04-F09D0E|Current|(2005-    )|Pichia pastoris yeast (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F09E|Current|(2012-    )|Multicellular fungi, non-higher|||
B04-F09E0E|Current|(2012-    )|Multicellular fungi, non-higher (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F10|Current|(1994-    )|Bacteria [general]|B04-B02B1||
B04-F1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Bacteria [general] (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-negative genera, general and other|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-negative genera, general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A1|Current|(1994-    )|Bordetella|B04-B02B1|e.g. B. pertussis.|
B04-F10A1E|Current|(1994-    )|Bordetella (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A2|Current|(1994-    )|Borrelia|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A2E|Current|(1994-    )|Borrelia (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A3|Current|(1994-    )|Escherichia|B04-B02B1|e.g. E. coli.|
B04-F10A3E|Current|(1994-    )|Escherichia (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A4|Current|(1994-    )|Mycoplasma|B04-B02B1|e.g. M. pneumoniae, M. mycoides.|
B04-F10A4E|Current|(1994-    )|Mycoplasma (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A5|Current|(1994-    )|Neisseria|B04-B02B1|e.g. N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis.|
B04-F10A5E|Current|(1994-    )|Neisseria (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A6|Current|(1994-    )|Pseudomonas|B04-B02B1|e.g. P. aeruginosa, P. mallei.|
B04-F10A6E|Current|(1994-    )|Pseudomonas (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A7|Current|(1994-    )|Rickettsia|B04-B02B1|e.g. R. prowazekii.|
B04-F10A7E|Current|(1994-    )|Rickettsia (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A8|Current|(1994-    )|Salmonella|B04-B02B1|e.g. S. typhi.|
B04-F10A8E|Current|(1994-    )|Salmonella (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10A9|Current|(1994-    )|Vibrio|B04-B02B1|e.g. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus.|
B04-F10A9E|Current|(1994-    )|Vibrio (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10B|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-positive genera, general and other|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-positive genera, general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10B1|Current|(1994-    )|Bacillus|B04-B02B1|e.g. B. subtilis.|
B04-F10B1E|Current|(1994-    )|Bacillus (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10B2|Current|(1994-    )|Mycobacteria|B04-B02B1|e.g. M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. leprae, M. phlei, BCG.|
B04-F10B2E|Current|(1994-    )|Mycobacteria (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10B3|Current|(1994-    )|Staphylococcus|B04-B02B1|e.g. S. aureus, S. epidermidis.|
B04-F10B3E|Current|(1994-    )|Staphylococcus (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10B4|Current|(1994-    )|Streptococcus|B04-B02B1|e.g. S. pyogenes, S. faecalis.|
B04-F10B4E|Current|(1994-    )|Streptococcus (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F10B5|Current|(1994-    )|Streptomyces|B04-B02B1|e.g. S. griseus, S. scabies.|
B04-F10B5E|Current|(1994-    )|Streptomyces (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B1||
B04-F11|Current|(1994-    )|Viruses|B04-B02B4|Including bacteriophage lambda and viral vectors.|
B04-F1100E|Current|(1994-    )|Viruses (genetically engineered)|B04-B02B4|Including bacteriophage lambda and viral vectors.|
B04-F11A|Current|(2005-    )|DNA virus general|||
B04-F11A0E|Current|(2005-    )|DNA virus general (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F11A1|Current|(2007-    )|Adenovirus|B04-F11A|Includes adeno-associated virus|
B04-F11A1E|Current|(2007-    )|Adenovirus (genetically engineered)|B04-F11A||
B04-F11B|Current|(2005-    )|RNA virus general|||
B04-F11B0E|Current|(2005-    )|RNA virus general (genetically engineered)|||
B04-F11B1|Current|(2007-    )|Retrovirus|B04-F11B||
B04-F11B1E|Current|(2007-    )|Retrovirus (genetically engineered)|B04-F11B||
B04-F12|Current|(2005-    )|Minicells and organelles||E.g. mitochondria and any sub-cellular particle.|
B04-F1200E|New|(2017-    )|Minicells and organelles (genetically engineered)||E.g. mitochondria and any sub-cellular particle.|
B04-F13|Current|(2010-    )|Platelets|||
B04-G|Current||Antibody defined in terms of antigen||E suffix is appended only when the antibody is produced by genetic methods beyond standard hybridoma technology.|
B04-G01|Current|(1994-    )|Antibody defined in terms of antigen general and other||Also includes general and unspecified immunoglobulins (specific immunoglobulins may be searched under the heading B04-G27).|
B04-G0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Antibody defined in terms of antigen general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C||
B04-G01A|Current|(2005-    )|Chimeric antibody||An antibody genetically engineered to contain the variable fragment from one species fused to the constant region from another species.|
B04-G01B|Current|(2005-    )|Human antibody||An antibody produced from a single human cell line.|
B04-G01B0E|Current|(2005-    )|Human antibody (genetically engineered)||An antibody produced from a single human cell line.|
B04-G01C|Current|(2005-    )|Humanized antibody||An antibody from a single cell line genetically engineered to contain around 90% human protein, reducing the likelihood of an immune response.|
B04-G01D|Current|(2005-    )|Murine antibody||An antibody produced from a single mouse cell line.|
B04-G01D0E|Current|(2005-    )|Murine antibody (genetically engineered)||An antibody produced from a single mouse cell line.|
B04-G02|Current|(1994-    )|Antimodifier of cell function and growth, antihormone antibody|B04-B04C6||
B04-G0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Antimodifier of cell function and growth, antihormone antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C6||
B04-G03|Current|(1994-    )|Antienzyme antibody|B04-B04C6||
B04-G0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Antienzyme antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C6||
B04-G04|Current|(1994-    )|Antireceptor antibody|B04-B04C6||
B04-G0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Antireceptor antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C6||
B04-G05|Current|(1994-    )|Anticancer cell antibody|B04-B04C4||
B04-G0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Anticancer cell antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C4||
B04-G06|Current|(1994-    )|Antiblood cells antibody|B04-B04C4|e.g. antibody to T-cell, B-cell.|
B04-G0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Antiblood cells antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C4|e.g. antibody to T-cell, B-cell.|
B04-G07|Current|(1994-    )|Antibacteria antibody|B04-B04C3||
B04-G0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Antibacteria antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C3||
B04-G08|Current|(1994-    )|Antivirus antibody|B04-B04C3||
B04-G0800E|Current|(1994-    )|Antivirus antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C3||
B04-G09|Current|(1994-    )|Anti-microorganisms (other) antibody|B04-B04C3||
B04-G0900E|Current|(1994-    )|Anti-microorganisms (other) antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C3||
B04-G09A|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-fungus antibody|||
B04-G09A0E|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-fungus antibody (genetically engineered)|||
B04-G09B|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-protozoal antibody|||
B04-G09B0E|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-protozoal antibody (genetically engineered)|||
B04-G10|Current|(1994-    )|Antiplant antibody|B04-B04C6||
B04-G1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Antiplant antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C6||
B04-G11|Current|(2006-    )|Antibody binding to another antibody||Also includes anti-idiotypic antibody.|
B04-G1100E|Current|(2006-    )|Antibody binding to another antibody (genetically engineered)|||
B04-G12|Current|(2011-    )|Anti-parasitic antibody|||
B04-G1200E|Current|(2011-    )|Anti-parasitic antibody (genetically engineered)|||
B04-G20|Current|(1994-    )|Catalytic antibodies|B04-B04C6|Including abzyme. This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and may be applied in conjunction with another B04-G code.|
B04-G2000E|Current|(1994-    )|Catalytic antibodies (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C6|Including abzyme. This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and may be applied in conjunction with another B04-G code.|
B04-G21|Current|(1994-    )|Monoclonal antibody|B04-B04C5|This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and may be applied in conjunction with another B04-G code.|
B04-G2100E|Current|(1994-    )|Monoclonal antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C5|This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and may be applied in conjunction with another B04-G code.|
B04-G22|Current|(1994-    )|Polyclonal antibodies|B04-B04C6|This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and can be applied in conjunction with another B04-G code.|
B04-G2200E|Current|(1994-    )|Polyclonal antibodies (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C6|This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and can be applied in conjunction with another B04-G code.|
B04-G23|Current|(2006-    )|Antibody fragments|||
B04-G2300E|Current|(2006-    )|Antibody fragments (genetically engineered)|||
B04-G24|Current|(2006-    )|Bispecific antibodies|||
B04-G2400E|Current|(2006-    )|Bispecific antibodies (genetically engineered)|||
B04-G25|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-prion protein Antibody|||
B04-G2500E|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-prion protein Antibody (genetically engineered)|||
B04-G26|Current|(2016-    )|Heterospecific antibody||An individual antibody which can bind more than one antigen due to the presence of two or more different binding sites. May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G2600E|Current|(2016-    )|Heterospecific antibody (genetically engineered)||An individual antibody which can bind more than one antigen due to the presence of two or more different binding sites. May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulins (specific)||Only specific immunoglobulins are covered within this coding section. General and unspecified immunoglobulins should be searched using B04-G01.|
B04-G27A|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin A||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27A0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin A (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27D|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin D||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27D0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin D (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin E||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27E0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin E (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27G|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin G||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27G0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin G (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27M|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin M||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-G27M0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin M (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from B04-G.|
B04-H|Current||Modifiers of cell function and growth||The term modifier of cell function and growth includes biological response modifiers (immune system mediators) such as: prostaglandins, cytokines, monokines, interleukins, lymphokines (a subset of interleukins), CSF's, interferons, the growth factors, somatomedins and blood factors. All of these are proteins except for prostaglandins. The E suffix is appended to codes for molecules produced by exogenous gene expression in host cells as well as derivatives modified at the genetic level.|
B04-H01|Current|(1994-    )|Modifier of cell function and growth general and other|B02-V03, B04-B02C, B04-B02E, B04-B04A, B04-B04D, B04-C01|This code is applied when either a generic term such as cytokine, is used or when a specific substance does not fit into any category covered by B04-H02 to B04-H20B. It also includes blood factors general and other.|
B04-H0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Modifier of cell function and growth general and other (genetically engineered)|B02-V03, B04-B02C, B04-B02E, B04-B04A, B04-B04D, B04-C01|This code is applied when either a generic term such as cytokine, is used or when a specific substance does not fit into any category covered by B04-H02 to B04-H20B. It also includes blood factors general and other.|
B04-H02|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukins general and other|B04-C01G||
B04-H0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukins general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02A|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 1|B04-C01G||
B04-H02A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 1 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02B|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 2|B04-C01G||
B04-H02B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 2 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02C|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 3 (multi-CSF)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 3 (multi-CSF) (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02D|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 4|B04-C01G||
B04-H02D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 4 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02F|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 5|B04-C01G||
B04-H02F0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 5 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02G|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 6|B04-C01G||
B04-H02G0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 6 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02H|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 7|B04-C01G||
B04-H02H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 7 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02J|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 8 (nap "neutrophil activating protein")|B04-C01G||
B04-H02J0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 8 (nap "neutrophil activating protein") (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02K|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 9|B04-C01G||
B04-H02K0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 9 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02L|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 10|B04-C01G||
B04-H02L0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 10 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02M|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 11|B04-C01G||
B04-H02M0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 11 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02N|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 12|B04-C01G||
B04-H02N0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 12 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02P|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 13|B04-C01G||
B04-H02P0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 13 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
B04-H02Q|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 14-20|||
B04-H02Q0E|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 14-20 (genetically engineered)|||
B04-H02R|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 21-25|||
B04-H02R0E|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 21-25 (genetically engineered)|||
B04-H02S|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 26-30|||
B04-H02S0E|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 26-30 (genetically engineered)|||
B04-H02T|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 31-35|||
B04-H02T0E|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 31-35 (genetically engineered)|||
B04-H03|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandins general and other|B04-B02E||
B04-H03A|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin E1|B04-B02E||
B04-H03B|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin E2|B04-B02E||
B04-H03C|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin F2 alpha|B04-B02E||
B04-H03D|Current|(1994-    )|Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2)|B04-B02E, B06-A02||
B04-H03F|Current|(1994-    )|Leukotrienes|B04-B02E, B07-A03, B10-B02D, B10-C04D||
B04-H03G|Current|(1994-    )|Thromboxanes|B04-B02E, B06-A02, B07-A02||
B04-H04|Current|(1994-    )|CSF's (colony stimulating factors) general and other|B04-B04J||
B04-H0400E|Current|(1994-    )|CSF's (colony stimulating factors) general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H04A|Current|(1994-    )|G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H04A0E|Current|(1994-    )|G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H04B|Current|(1994-    )|M-CSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H04B0E|Current|(1994-    )|M-CSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H04C|Current|(1994-    )|Gm-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H04C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H04D|Current|(1994-    )|Meg-CSF (megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H04D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H05|Current|(1994-    )|Interferons general and other|B02-V03||
B04-H0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Interferons general and other (genetically engineered)|B02-V03||
B04-H05A|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon alpha|B02-V03||
B04-H05A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon alpha (genetically engineered)|B02-V03||
B04-H05B|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon beta|B02-V03||
B04-H05B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon beta (genetically engineered)|B02-V03||
B04-H05C|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon gamma|B02-V03||
B04-H05C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon gamma (genetically engineered)|B02-V03||
B04-H06|Current|(1994-    )|Growth factors general and other|B04-B04J||
B04-H0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Growth factors general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06A|Current|(1994-    )|EGF (epidermal growth factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06A0E|Current|(1994-    )|EGF (epidermal growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06B|Current|(1994-    )|PDGF (platelet derived growth factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06B0E|Current|(1994-    )|PDGF (platelet derived growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06C|Current|(1994-    )|MDGF (macrophage derived growth factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06C0E|Current|(1994-    )|MDGF (macrophage derived growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06D|Current|(1994-    )|NGF (nerve growth factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06D0E|Current|(1994-    )|NGF (nerve growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06F|Current|(1994-    )|TGF (transforming growth factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06F0E|Current|(1994-    )|TGF (transforming growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06G|Current|(1994-    )|FGF (fibroblast growth factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06G0E|Current|(1994-    )|FGF (fibroblast growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06H|Current|(1994-    )|Somatomedins, sulphation factors|B04-B04J|This code includes IGF's (Insulin-like growth factors).|
B04-H06H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Somatomedins, sulphation factors (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J|This code includes IGF's (Insulin-like growth factors).|
B04-H06J|Current|(1994-    )|PGF (prostatic growth factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06J0E|Current|(1994-    )|PGF (prostatic growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06K|Current|(1994-    )|HGF (hepatocyte growth factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06K0E|Current|(1994-    )|HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H06L|Current|(2002-    )|Bone morphogenetic protein|||
B04-H06L0E|Current|(2002-    )|Bone morphogenetic protein (genetically engineered)|||
B04-H06M|Current|(2006-    )|Vascular endothelial growth factor||Also known as VEGF.|
B04-H06M0E|Current|(2006-    )|Vascular endothelial growth factor (genetically engineered)||Also known as VEGF.|
B04-H07|Current|(1994-    )|Erythropoietin (EPO) and Thrombopoietin|B04-B04A6, B04-B02D||
B04-H0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Erythropoietin (EPO) and Thrombopoietin (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B02D||
B04-H08|Current|(1994-    )|TNF (tumor necrosis factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H0800E|Current|(1994-    )|TNF (tumor necrosis factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H09|Current|(1994-    )|LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H0900E|Current|(1994-    )|LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H10|Current|(1994-    )|Mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS)|B04-B04J||
B04-H1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H11|Current|(1994-    )|MIP (macrophage inflammatory protein)|B04-B04A6||
B04-H1100E|Current|(1994-    )|MIP (macrophage inflammatory protein) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-H12|Current|(1994-    )|Megakaryocyte potentiator|B04-B04A6, B04-B04J||
B04-H1200E|Current|(1994-    )|Megakaryocyte potentiator (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04J||
B04-H13|Current|(1994-    )|Lymphotoxin (LT)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04D3, B04-B04J||
B04-H1300E|Current|(1994-    )|Lymphotoxin (LT) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04D3, B04-B04J||
B04-H14|Current|(1994-    )|PAF (platelet activating factor)|B04-B04D3, B04-B04J||
B04-H1400E|Current|(1994-    )|PAF (platelet activating factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04D3, B04-B04J||
B04-H15|Current|(1994-    )|PA (plasminogen activator)|B04-B02C3, B04-B04D3||
B04-H1500E|Current|(1994-    )|PA (plasminogen activator) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3, B04-B04D3||
B04-H16|Current|(1994-    )|SCF (stem cell factor)|B04-B04J||
B04-H1600E|Current|(1994-    )|SCF (stem cell factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
B04-H17|Current|(1994-    )|T-activin (TA, thymic factor)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04J||
B04-H1700E|Current|(1994-    )|T-activin (TA, thymic factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04J||
B04-H18|Current|(1994-    )|Activin A (EDF "erythroid differentiation factor")|B04-B04A6, B04-B04J||
B04-H1800E|Current|(1994-    )|Activin A (EDF "erythroid differentiation factor") (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04J||
B04-H19|Current|(1994-    )|Clotting factors|B04-B02C3, B04-B02D2, B04-B04D3, B04-C02B3|Including: thrombin (fibrinogenase, thrombase), prothrombin (thrombinogen, Factor II), fibrin, fibrinogen (Factor I), Factor III (tissue thromboplastin, tissue factor), Factor V (proaccelerin, accelerator globulin (AcG), labile factor), Factor VII (proconvertin, thrombokinase, autoprothrombin I, serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (SPCA), stable factor), Factor VIII (antihaemophilic globulin (AHG), antihaemophilic factor A), Factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component (PTC), autoprothrombin II, Christmas factor, antihaemophilic factor B), Factor X (Stuart factor, autoprothrombin C, Prower factor, Stuart-Prower factor, thrombokinase), Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecendent (PTA), antihaemophilic factor C), Factor XII (Hageman factor, glass contact, activation factor), Factor XIII (fibrin stabilising factor (FSF), fibrinase, Laki-Lorand factor (LLF), transglutaminase) and the platelet factors 1, 2, 3 and 4 etc. N.B. Factor IV, which is calcium, is coded B05-A01B. The clot-dissolving proteolytic enzyme plasmin (fibrinolysin) and plasminogen are coded B04-L05C.|
B04-H1900E|Current|(1994-    )|Clotting factors (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3, B04-B02D2, B04-B04D3, B04-C02B3|Including: thrombin (fibrinogenase, thrombase), prothrombin (thrombinogen, Factor II), fibrin, fibrinogen (Factor I), Factor III (tissue thromboplastin, tissue factor), Factor V (proaccelerin, accelerator globulin (AcG), labile factor), Factor VII (proconvertin, thrombokinase, autoprothrombin I, serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (SPCA), stable factor), Factor VIII (antihaemophilic globulin (AHG), antihaemophilic factor A), Factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component (PTC), autoprothrombin II, Christmas factor, antihaemophilic factor B), Factor X (Stuart factor, autoprothrombin C, Prower factor, Stuart-Prower factor, thrombokinase), Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecendent (PTA), antihaemophilic factor C), Factor XII (Hageman factor, glass contact, activation factor), Factor XIII (fibrin stabilising factor (FSF), fibrinase, Laki-Lorand factor (LLF), transglutaminase) and the platelet factors 1, 2, 3 and 4 etc. N.B. Factor IV, which is calcium, is coded B05-A01B. The clot-dissolving proteolytic enzyme plasmin (fibrinolysin) and plasminogen are coded B04-L05C.|
B04-H20|Current|(1994-    )|Adhesion molecules general and other|B04-B04A6, B04-B04C2|e.g. LFA (lymphocyte function associated antigen), ICAM/VCAM (intercellular/vascular adhesion molecule).|
B04-H2000E|Current|(1994-    )|Adhesion molecules general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04C2|e.g. LFA (lymphocyte function associated antigen), ICAM/VCAM (intercellular/vascular adhesion molecule).|
B04-H20A|Current|(1994-    )|Fibronectin|B04-B04A6||
B04-H20A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fibronectin (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-H20B|Current|(1994-    )|Vitronectin|B04-B04A6||
B04-H20B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Vitronectin (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-H20C|Current|(2002-    )|Muscle proteins general|||
B04-H20C0E|Current|(2002-    )|Muscle proteins general (genetically engineered)|||
B04-H20C1|Current|(2002-    )|Actin|||
B04-H20C1E|Current|(2002-    )|Actin (genetically engineered)|||
B04-H20C2|Current|(2002-    )|Myosin|||
B04-H20C2E|Current|(2002-    )|Myosin (genetically engineered)|||
B04-H20C3|Current|(2002-    )|Tropomyosin|||
B04-H20C3E|Current|(2002-    )|Tropomyosin (genetically engineered)|||
B04-H21|Current|(2002-    )|Integrins|||
B04-H2100E|Current|(2002-    )|Integrins (genetically engineered)|||
B04-J|Current||Hormones|||
B04-J01|Current|(1994-    )|Hormones general and other|B04-B02D|Hormones which are not covered by the B04-J03, B04-J04 and B04-J05 general sub-headings; and are not represented in B04-J06 to B04-J18 are coded here. e.g. generic terms such as hypothalamic, adrenergic, neuropeptide, gastrointestinal and insect hormones.|
B04-J0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Hormones general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D|Hormones which are not covered by the B04-J03, B04-J04 and B04-J05 general sub-headings; and are not represented in B04-J06 to B04-J18 are coded here. e.g. generic terms such as hypothalamic, adrenergic, neuropeptide, gastrointestinal and insect hormones.|
B04-J02|Current|(1994-    )|Steroidal hormones (no structure)|B04-B02D1|Includes all steroids where no structure is given.|
B04-J03|Current|(1994-    )|Pancreatic hormone general and other|B04-B02D2|Including pancreatic polypeptide.|
B04-J0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Pancreatic hormone general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D2|Including pancreatic polypeptide.|
B04-J03A|Current|(1994-    )|Insulin|B04-B02D2||
B04-J03A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Insulin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D2||
B04-J03B|Current|(1994-    )|Glucagon|B04-B02D2||
B04-J03B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Glucagon (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D2||
B04-J04|Current|(1994-    )|Thyroid and parathyroid general and other|B04-B02D3|N.B. thyroxine is coded B10-B02E.|
B04-J0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Thyroid and parathyroid general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D3|N.B. thyroxine is coded B10-B02E.|
B04-J04A|Current|(1994-    )|Calcitonin|B04-B02D3||
B04-J04A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Calcitonin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D3||
B04-J04B|Current|(1994-    )|Parathyroid hormone|B04-B02D3||
B04-J04B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Parathyroid hormone (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D3||
B04-J05|Current|(1994-    )|Pituitary gland hormones general and other|B04-B02D4|Including prolactin and human growth hormone.|
B04-J0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Pituitary gland hormones general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4|Including prolactin and human growth hormone.|
B04-J05A|Current|(1994-    )|Oxytocin|B04-B02D4||
B04-J05A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Oxytocin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
B04-J05B|Current|(1994-    )|ADH (antidiuretic hormone)|B04-B02D4|Also known as vasopressin|
B04-J05B0E|Current|(1994-    )|ADH (antidiuretic hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4|Also known as vasopressin|
B04-J05D|Current|(1994-    )|ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone "adrenocorticotropin")|B04-B02D4||
B04-J05D0E|Current|(1994-    )|ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone "adrenocorticotropin") (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
B04-J05F|Current|(1994-    )|TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)|B04-B02D4||
B04-J05F0E|Current|(1994-    )|TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
B04-J05G|Current|(1994-    )|MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)|B04-B02D4||
B04-J05G0E|Current|(1994-    )|MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
B04-J05H|Current|(1994-    )|Gonadotropins|B04-B02D4|Including FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinising hormone) and HMG (human menopausal gonadotropin).|
B04-J05H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Gonadotropins (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4|Including FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinising hormone) and HMG (human menopausal gonadotropin).|
B04-J05J|Current|(1994-    )|STH (somatotropic growth hormone)|B04-B02D4||
B04-J05J0E|Current|(1994-    )|STH (somatotropic growth hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
B04-J06|Current|(1994-    )|CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)|B04-B02D|Hormones covered by B04-J06 to B04-J18 are specific and other than steroidal, pancreatic, thyroid, parathyroid, and pituitary gland hormones.|
B04-J0600E|Current|(1994-    )|CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D|Hormones covered by B04-J06 to B04-J18 are specific and other than steroidal, pancreatic, thyroid, parathyroid, and pituitary gland hormones.|
B04-J07|Current|(1994-    )|GN-RH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) (LH-RH=luteinising hormone-releasing hormone)|B04-B02D||
B04-J0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J08|Current|(1994-    )|TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)|B04-B02D||
B04-J0800E|Current|(1994-    )|TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J09|Current|(1994-    )|GH-RH, GH-RF, SRF (growth hormone-releasing hormone/factor, somatotropin-releasing factor)|B04-B02D||
B04-J0900E|Current|(1994-    )|Growth hormone-releasing hormone/factor, somatotropin-releasing factor (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J10|Current|(1994-    )|Somatostatin|B04-B02D||
B04-J1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Somatostatin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J11|Current|(1994-    )|Endorphins/enkephalins|B04-B02D||
B04-J1100E|Current|(1994-    )|Endorphins/enkephalins (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J12|Current|(1994-    )|Gastrin/secretin/motilin|B04-B02D||
B04-J1200E|Current|(1994-    )|Gastrin/secretin/motilin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J13|Current|(1994-    )|Cholecystokinin (CCK-PZ, pancreozymin)|B04-B02D||
B04-J1300E|Current|(1994-    )|Cholecystokinin (CCK-PZ, pancreozymin) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J14|Current|(1994-    )|Tachykinins (substance P = SP)|B04-B02D||
B04-J1400E|Current|(1994-    )|Tachykinins (substance P = SP) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J15|Current|(1994-    )|Neurotensin|B04-B02D||
B04-J1500E|Current|(1994-    )|Neurotensin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J16|Current|(1994-    )|Ecdysone|B04-B02D||
B04-J1600E|Current|(1994-    )|Ecdysone (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J17|Current|(1994-    )|Juvenile hormone|B04-B02D||
B04-J1700E|Current|(1994-    )|Juvenile hormone (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J18|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin|B04-B02D||
B04-J1800E|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
B04-J19|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone|B04-B02D, B04J01|Also known as MCH, a 19 amino acid cyclic neuropeptide that is expressed mainly in the hypothalamus.|
B04-J1900E|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D, B04J01|Also known as MCH, a 19 amino acid cyclic neuropeptide that is expressed mainly in the hypothalamus.|
B04-K|Current||Receptors|B04-B02D||
B04-K01|Current|(1994-    )|Receptor general and other|B04-B04A6|Including orphan G-protein coupled receptors. CD4: (1) is coded here when described simply as a receptor, (2) is coded B04-K01U when described as a viral receptor.|
B04-K0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Receptor general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6|Including orphan G-protein coupled receptors. CD4: (1) is coded here when described simply as a receptor, (2) is coded B04-K01U when described as a viral receptor.|
B04-K01A|Current|(1994-    )|Parasympathetic receptor (cholinergic receptor)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Parasympathetic receptor (cholinergic receptor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01B|Current|(1994-    )|Sympathetic receptor (adrenergic receptor, alpha and beta)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Sympathetic receptor (adrenergic receptor, alpha and beta) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01C|Current|(1994-    )|Dopamine receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Dopamine receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01D|Current|(1994-    )|Serotonin (5HT) receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Serotonin (5HT) receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01F|Current|(1994-    )|Histamine receptors|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01F0E|Current|(1994-    )|Histamine receptors (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01G|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01G0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01H|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin/leukotriene/thromboxane receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin/leukotriene/thromboxane receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01J|Current|(1994-    )|Growth factor receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01J0E|Current|(1994-    )|Growth factor receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01K|Current|(1994-    )|Other modifier of cell function and growth receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01K0E|Current|(1994-    )|Other modifier of cell function and growth receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01L|Current|(1994-    )|Steroid receptor general|B04-B04A6|e.g. mineralocorticoid, corticosteroid, oestrogen receptor.|
B04-K01L0E|Current|(1994-    )|Steroid receptor general (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6|e.g. mineralocorticoid, corticosteroid, oestrogen receptor.|
B04-K01L1|Current|(2005-    )|Androgen receptors general|||
B04-K01L1E|Current|(2005-    )|Androgen receptors (genetically engineered)|||
B04-K01L2|Current|(2005-    )|Estrogen receptors|||
B04-K01L2E|Current|(2005-    )|Estrogen receptors (genetically engineered)|||
B04-K01L3|Current|(2005-    )|Corticosteroid receptors|||
B04-K01L3E|Current|(2005-    )|Corticosteroid receptors (genetically engineered)|||
B04-K01L4|Current|(2005-    )|Other steroid receptors|||
B04-K01L4E|Current|(2005-    )|Other steroid receptors (genetically engineered)|||
B04-K01M|Current|(1994-    )|Insulin receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01M0E|Current|(1994-    )|Insulin receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01N|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01N0E|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01P|Current|(1994-    )|Other hormone receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01P0E|Current|(1994-    )|Other hormone receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01Q|Current|(1994-    )|Lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01Q0E|Current|(1994-    )|Lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01R|Current|(1994-    )|Blood cell or blood cell antigen receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01R0E|Current|(1994-    )|Blood cell or blood cell antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01S|Current|(1994-    )|Cancer cell or cancer cell antigen receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01S0E|Current|(1994-    )|Cancer cell or cancer cell antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01T|Current|(1994-    )|Bacterial or bacterial antigen receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01T0E|Current|(1994-    )|Bacterial or bacterial antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01U|Current|(1994-    )|Viral or viral antigen receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01U0E|Current|(1994-    )|Viral or viral antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01V|Current|(1994-    )|Other cell, microbe or antigen receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01V0E|Current|(1994-    )|Other cell, microbe or antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01W|Current|(1994-    )|Antibody receptor|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01W0E|Current|(1994-    )|Antibody receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-K01X|Current|(2002-    )|Non-steroidal nuclear (hormone) receptors|||
B04-K01X0E|Current|(2005-    )|Non-steroidal nuclear (hormone) receptors (genetically engineered)|||
B04-K01X1|Current|(2005-    )|Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (orphan receptor)|||
B04-K01X1E|Current|(2005-    )|Ppar (genetically engineered)|||
B04-K01X2|Current|(2005-    )|Thyroid receptor|||
B04-K01X2E|Current|(2005-    )|Thyroid receptor (genetically engineered)|||
B04-K01Y|Current|(2002-    )|G-protein coupled receptor|||
B04-K01Y0E|Current|(2002-    )|G-protein receptor (genetically engineered)|||
B04-K01Y1|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone receptor|||
B04-K01Y1E|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone receptor (genetically engineered)|||
B04-K01Z|Current|(2014-    )|Enzyme Receptor|||
B04-K01Z0E|Current|(2014-    )|Enzyme Receptor (genetically engineered)|||
B04-L|Current||Enzymes||Enzyme nomenclature is based whenever possible on the classification defined by the Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature.|
B04-L01|Current|(1994-    )|Enzymes, catalytic proteins general and other|B04-B02C||
B04-L0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Enzymes, catalytic proteins general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C||
B04-L02|Current|(1994-    )|Coenzymes|B04-B02C1||
B04-L0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Coenzymes (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C1||
B04-L03|Current|(1994-    )|Oxidoreductases general and other|B04-B02C2||
B04-L0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Oxidoreductases general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2||
B04-L03A|Current|(1994-    )|Oxidases|B04-B02C2||
B04-L03A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Oxidases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2||
B04-L03B|Current|(1994-    )|Peroxidases|B04-B02C2||
B04-L03B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Peroxidases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2||
B04-L03C|Current|(1994-    )|Oxygenases|B04-B02C2|Including cytochrome P450.|
B04-L03C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Oxygenases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2|Including cytochrome P450.|
B04-L03D|Current|(1994-    )|Dehydrogenases, reductases|B04-B02C2||
B04-L03D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Dehydrogenases, reductases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2||
B04-L03E|Current|(2002-    )|Lipoxygenases|||
B04-L03E0E|Current|(2002-    )|Lipoxygenases (genetically engineered)|||
B04-L04|Current|(1994-    )|Transferases general and other|B04-B02C4||
B04-L0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Transferases general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C4||
B04-L04A|Current|(1994-    )|DNA/rna polymerases|B04-B02C4||
B04-L04A0E|Current|(1994-    )|DNA/rna polymerases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C4||
B04-L04B|Current|(1994-    )|Reverse transcriptase|B04-B02C4||
B04-L04B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Reverse transcriptase (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C4||
B04-L04C|Current|(2005-    )|Kinases||Any of several enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a second substrate.|
B04-L04C0E|Current|(2005-    )|Kinases (genetically engineered)||Any of several enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a second substrate.|
B04-L05|Current|(1994-    )|Hydrolases general and other|B04-B02C3|Including beta-lactamases.|
B04-L0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Hydrolases general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3|Including beta-lactamases.|
B04-L05A|Current|(1994-    )|Esterases|B04-B02C3|Including lipases, nucleases, restriction enzymes, sulphatases, phosphatases.|
B04-L05A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Esterases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3|Including lipases, nucleases, restriction enzymes, sulphatases, phosphatases.|
B04-L05A1|Current|(2005-    )|Phosphodiesterases|||
B04-L05A1E|Current|(2005-    )|Phosphodiesterases (genetically engineered)|||
B04-L05A2|New|(2017-    )|CRISPR system nucleases||Nucleases specifically for application in CRISPR systems e.g. Cas9 and Cpf1.|
B04-L05A2E|New|(2017-    )|CRISPR system nucleases (genetically engineered)||Nucleases specifically for application in CRISPR systems e.g. Cas9 and Cpf1.|
B04-L05B|Current|(1994-    )|Glycosidases|B04-B02C3|Including amylases, cellulases, lactases.|
B04-L05B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Glycosidases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3|Including amylases, cellulases, lactases.|
B04-L05C|Current|(1994-    )|Proteases, peptide hydrolases general|B04-B02C3|Including chymotrypsin, trypsin, apain, fibrinolysin, collagenases, elastases.|
B04-L05C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Proteases, peptide hydrolases general (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3|Including chymotrypsin, trypsin, apain, fibrinolysin, collagenases, elastases.|
B04-L05C1|Current|(2005-    )|Metalloprotease|||
B04-L05C1E|Current|(2005-    )|Metalloprotease (genetically engineered)|||
B04-L06|Current|(1994-    )|Lyases|B04-B02C5|Including adenyl cyclases, (de)carboxylases, aldolases, dehydratases.|
B04-L0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Lyases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C5|Including adenyl cyclases, (de)carboxylases, aldolases, dehydratases.|
B04-L07|Current|(1994-    )|Isomerases|B04-B02C6|Including racemases, tautomerases, epimerases, mutases.|
B04-L0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Isomerases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C6|Including racemases, tautomerases, epimerases, mutases.|
B04-L08|Current|(1994-    )|Ligases|B04-B02C7|Including synthetases, some carboxylases, aromatase. Excludes synthase.|
B04-L0800E|Current|(1994-    )|Ligases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C7|Including synthetases, some carboxylases, aromatase. Excludes synthase.|
B04-L09|Current|(2002-    )|Zymogen and other enzyme precursors|||
B04-L0900E|Current|(2002-    )|Zymogen (genetically engineered)|||
B04-M|Current||Enzyme inhibitors|||
B04-M01|Current|(1994-    )|Enzyme inhibitors general and other|B04-B04F|This code is used for enzyme inhibitors with no structure only.|
B04-M0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Enzyme inhibitors general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04F|This code is used for enzyme inhibitors with no structure only.|
B04-N|Current||Other protein/polypeptide||This code is used only when a substance is not better defined in preceding sections, e.g. a protein with adenyl cyclase activity is coded B04-L06 only.|
B04-N01|Current|(1994-    )|Plant protein/polypeptide (no sequence)|B04-B04A4, B04-C01||
B04-N0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant protein/polypeptide (no sequence) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A4, B04-C01||
B04-N01A|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given|B04-B04A4|Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N01A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A4|Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N01B|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given|B04-B04A4||
B04-N01B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A4||
B04-N02|Current|(1994-    )|Animal protein/polypeptide (no sequence)|B04-B04A6, B04-C01||
B04-N0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Animal protein/polypeptide (no sequence) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-C01||
B04-N02A|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given|B04-B04A6|Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N02A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6|Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N02B|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given|B04-B04A6||
B04-N02B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
B04-N03|Current|(1994-    )|Microorganism protein/polypeptide (no sequence)|B04-B04A5, B04-C01||
B04-N0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Microorganism protein/polypeptide (no sequence) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A5, B04-C01||
B04-N03A|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given|B04-B04A5|Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A5|Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03B|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given|B04-B04A5||
B04-N03B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A5||
B04-N03C|Retired|(2006-2010)|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03J1 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03C0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03J1 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03D|Retired|(2006-2010)|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03J2 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03D0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03J2 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Viral protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03K1 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03E0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Viral protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03K1 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03F|Retired|(2006-2010)|Viral protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03K2 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03F0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Viral protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03K2 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03G|Retired|(2006-2010)|Fungal protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03L1 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03G0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Fungal protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03L1 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03H|Retired|(2006-2010)|Fungal protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03L2 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03H0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Fungal protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under B04-N03L2 as of 201101. Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N03J|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide (No sequence)|||
B04-N03J0E|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide (No sequence) (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N03J1|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence|||
B04-N03J1E|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N03J2|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence|||
B04-N03J2E|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N03K|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide (No sequence)|||
B04-N03K0E|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide (No sequence) (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N03K1|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence|||
B04-N03K1E|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N03K2|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence|||
B04-N03K2E|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N03L|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide (No sequence)|||
B04-N03L0E|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide (No sequence) (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N03L1|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence|||
B04-N03L1E|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N03L2|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence|||
B04-N03L2E|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N04|Current|(1994-    )|Protein/polypeptide of undefined origin (no sequence)|B04-B04A, B04-C01||
B04-N0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Protein/polypeptide of undefined origin (no sequence) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A, B04-C01||
B04-N04A|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given|B04-B04A|Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N04A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A|Codes B04-C01 to B04-C01G are also applied.|
B04-N04B|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given|B04-B04A||
B04-N04B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A||
B04-N05|Current|(1994-    )|Lipoprotein|B04-B04A, B04-B01B|Also includes lipopeptides.|
B04-N0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Lipoprotein (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A, B04-B01B|Also includes lipopeptides.|
B04-N06|Current|(1994-    )|Glycoprotein/peptidoglycan|B04-B04A||
B04-N0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Glycoprotein/peptidoglycan (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A||
B04-N07|Current|(2002-    )|Ion channel protein|||
B04-N0700E|Current|(2002-    )|Ion channel protein (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N08|Current|(2002-    )|Fusion protein|||
B04-N09|Current|(2005-    )|Molecular chaperones and chaperonins|B04-N01, B04-N02, B04-N04|E.g. Heat shock proteins (HSP).|
B04-N0900E|Current|(2005-    )|Molecular chaperones and chaperonins (genetically engineered)|B04-N01, B04-N02, B04-N04|E.g. Heat shock proteins (HSP).|
B04-N10|Current|(2005-    )|Prions|B04-N02|Protein pathogen responsible for e.g. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and kuru in humans and scrapie in sheep.|
B04-N11|Current|(2005-    )|Zinc finger proteins|B04-N01, B04-N02, B04-N03, B04-N04|Specialized proteins that contain a bound zinc ion or are capable of binding a zinc ion, and are associated with DNA binding proteins.|
B04-N1100E|Current|(2005-    )|Zinc finger proteins (genetically engineered)|B04-N01, B04-N02, B04-N03, B04-N04|Specialized proteins that contain a bound zinc ion or are capable of binding a zinc ion, and are associated with DNA binding proteins.|
B04-N12|Current|(2005-    )|Transcription factors general|B04-N01, B04-N02, B04-N03, B04-N04|A protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region where it activates and regulates transcription.|
B04-N1200E|Current|(2005-    )|Transcription factors (genetically engineered)|B04-N01, B04-N02, B04-N03, B04-N04|A protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region where it activates and regulates transcription.|
B04-N13|Current|(2006-    )|Signalling pathway proteins|||
B04-N1300E|Current|(2007-    )|Signalling pathway proteins (genetically engineered)|||
B04-N14|Current|(2008-    )|Peptidomimetics|||
B04-N15|Current|(2010-    )|Crystalline form||Used in conjunction with other specific protein codes for protein crystals.|
B04-N16|New|(2017-    )|Biomarker protein||Applied with one or more other codes from section B04 which describe the type of biomarker protein e.g. EGFR used as a biomarker for colorectal cancer would be coded with B04-K01J and B04-N16.|
B04-N1600E|New|(2017-    )|Biomarker protein (genetically engineered)||Applied with one or more other codes from section B04 which describe the type of biomarker protein e.g. EGFR used as a biomarker for colorectal cancer would be coded with B04-K01J and B04-N16.|
B04-P|Current||Whole animals||E suffix is appended to respective whole animal codes for transgenic animals.|
B04-P01|Current|(1994-    )|Whole animals general and other|B04-B04L, B04-B04M||
B04-P0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Whole animals general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04L, B04-B04M||
B04-P01A|Current|(1994-    )|Laboratory experimental animals|B04-B04L, B04-B04M|e.g. mice, rats.|
B04-P01A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Laboratory experimental animals (genetically engineered)|B04-B04L, B04-B04M|e.g. mice, rats.|
B04-P01B|Current|(1994-    )|Farm animals|B04-B04L, B04-B04M|e.g. cows, sheep.|
B04-P01B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Farm animals (genetically engineered)|B04-B04L, B04-B04M|e.g. cows, sheep.|
B04-P01C|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropods|B04-B04M||
B04-P01C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropods (genetically engineered)|B04-B04M||
B04-Q|Current|(2013-    )|Drug Conjugates General||All portions of the conjugate are additionally coded in the relevant sections.|
B04-Q01|Current|(2013-    )|Antibody-drug Conjugates||The antibody is additionally coded in section B04-G.|
B04-Q02|Current|(2013-    )|Other protein/Peptide Drug Conjugates||The protein / peptide is also coded in the appropriate section(s) of B04.|
B04-Q03|Current|(2013-    )|Synthetic Polymer Drug Conjugates||The polymer is additionally coded in section B04.|
B04-Q04|New|(2017-    )|Nucleic acid-drug conjugates||The nucleic acid is additionally coded in section B04-B03 and/or B04-E.|
B04-R|Current|(2016-    )|Biosimilars||Includes biobetters. Search in conjunction with relevant B-code(s) for the biosimilar product. Applicable only for explicitly claimed biosimilars.|
B05|Current||Miscellaneous||This section covers all inorganic compounds, and also all organic compounds containing elements other than H, C, N, O, S and halogens (other than the exceptions given in the notes). The order of priorities for this group is generally B01A-B02C >> A01A >> A01B >> C01-C08 (e.g. sodium phosphate is only coded as B05-B02A3). The exception to the above is when the anion (of the lower priority) of a metal salt is an important factor in the invention, e.g. effervescent compositions containing sodium bicarbonate are coded B05-C04 and not B05-A01B. Sub-group A elements (i.e. metals) when used as salts of organic compounds, are only coded in B05 if the metal is an essential limiting factor of the invention. Otherwise the compound is coded under the parent compound (i.e. acid, alcohol, etc.).|
B05-A|Current||Metals and compounds|||
B05-A01|Retired|(1963-1965)|Group 1, 2, 3 metals and compounds [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then discontinued in section B.|
B05-A01A|Current|(1965-    )|Potassium metal and compounds||This code is not used for organic compounds unless potassium is an essential pharmaceutically active limiting factor of the invention (e.g. K|
B05-A01B|Current|(1965-    )|Group 1a, 2a, 3a metals and compounds [exc. K, B, Ra]||This code is not used for organic compounds unless the metal is an essential pharmaceutically active limiting factor of the invention.|
B05-A02|Current||Group 4a, 5a metals and compounds [exc. C, Si, N, P, As]|||
B05-A03|Current|(1965-    )|Transition metals, lanthanides and actinides general||The generic code B05-A03 is only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. Thus when a specific code is searched, the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
B05-A03A|Current|(1975-    )|Manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg)|||
B05-A03A1|Current|(2005-    )|Manganese(Mn) compounds|||
B05-A03A2|Current|(2005-    )|Iron (Fe) compounds|||
B05-A03A3|Current|(2005-    )|Copper (Cu) compounds|||
B05-A03A4|Current|(2005-    )|Zinc (Zn) compounds|||
B05-A03A5|Current|(2005-    )|Mercury (Hg) compounds|||
B05-A03B|Current|(1975-    )|Other transition metals, lanthanides - metals and compounds|||
B05-A03B1|Current|(2008-    )|Titanium|||
B05-A03B2|Current|(2008-    )|Silver|||
B05-A03B3|Current|(2008-    )|Platinum|||
B05-A04|Current||Radioactive elements and specific isotopes|||
B05-A04A|Current|(2007-    )|Deuterium|||
B05-A04B|Current|(2007-    )|Tritium|B05-A04||
B05-A04C|Current|(2007-    )|Carbon isotopes|B05-A04|Excludes Carbon 12|
B05-A04D|Current|(2007-    )|Iodine isotopes|B05-A04|Excludes Iodine 127|
B05-A04E|Current|(2007-    )|Other radioactive isotope|B05-A04||
B05-A04F|Current|(2007-    )|Other non-radioactive isotope|||
B05-B|Current||Less common non-metals and compounds|||
B05-B01|Retired|(1963-1965)|Boron(B), silicon (Si), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), phosphorus (P) organic general*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
B05-B01A|Current|(1965-    )|Boron (B) organic|||
B05-B01B|Current|(1965-    )|Silicon (Si) organic|||
B05-B01C|Current|(1965-    )|Arsenic (As) organic|||
B05-B01D|Current|(1965-    )|Selenium (Se), Tellurium (Te) organic|||
B05-B01E|Current|(1965-    )|P-C bond heterocyclic|||
B05-B01F|Current|(1965-    )|P-C bond aromatic|||
B05-B01G|Current|(1965-    )|P-C bond (cyclo)aliphatic|||
B05-B01H|Current|(1965-    )|P-hal bond organic|||
B05-B01J|Current|(1965-    )|P-N bond heterocyclic|||
B05-B01K|Current|(1965-    )|P-N bond aromatic|||
B05-B01L|Current|(1965-    )|P-N bond (cyclo)aliphatic|||
B05-B01M|Current|(1965-    )|P-O(S) bond heterocyclic|||
B05-B01N|Current|(1965-    )|P-O(S) bond aromatic|||
B05-B01P|Current|(1965-    )|P-O(S) bond (cyclo)aliphatic|||
B05-B02|Current||B, Si, As, Se, P inorganic, inert gases|||
B05-B02A|Current|(1965-    )|P and inorganic P compounds general||The generic code B05-B02A is only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. Thus when a specific code is searched the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
B05-B02A1|Current|(1975-    )|P acids production|||
B05-B02A2|Current|(1975-    )|Ammonium salts of P acids||This code is used also for mixtures containing only ammonium salts of P acids.|
B05-B02A3|Current|(1975-    )|P and inorganic P compounds|||
B05-B02B|Current|(1965-    )|Arsenic (As) inorganic|||
B05-B02C|Current|(1965-    )|Silicon (Si), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), boron (B) inorganic, inert gases|||
B05-C|Current||More common non-metals, compounds [general]|||
B05-C01|Current|(1965-    )|N (ammonia) inorganic||After CPI Week 7501 ammonium salts of phosphorus acids have been coded B05-B02A2.|
B05-C02|Current|(1965-    )|N (nitrate) inorganic|||
B05-C03|Current|(1965-    )|N (others) inorganic|||
B05-C04|Current|(1965-    )|CO2, inorganic (bi)(thio)carbonates|||
B05-C05|Current|(1965-    )|Inorganic S acids, S oxides|||
B05-C06|Current|(1965-    )|Elemental C or S|||
B05-C07|Current|(1965-    )|Inorganic compounds containing halogen||This code is not used for organic compounds unless a halogen is a member of a heterocyclic ring, or forms a part of an anion, and is an essential pharmaceutically active limiting factor of the invention (e.g. HF salts of amines used as dental agents).|
B05-C08|Current|(1965-    )|Other common non-metals, compounds|||
B05-U|Current|(1994-    )|Fullerene type cage structures [general]|||
B05-U01|Current|(1994-    )|Fullerene type cage structures containing hetero atom(s)|||
B05-U02|Current|(1994-    )|Fullerene type cage structures containing carbon only|||
B05-U03|Current|(2005-    )|Carbon only nanotubes|||
B05-U04|Current|(2005-    )|Carbon plus heteroatom nanotubes|||
B05-U05|Current|(2005-    )|Other carbon containing 3-D structures|||
B05-U05A|Current|(2010-    )|Nanotubes, Nanorods or Nanohorns|||
B05-U05B|Current|(2010-    )|Nanofilms|||
B05-U05C|Current|(2010-    )|Nanostructures other than those covered by B05-U05A and B05-U05B|||
B05-U06|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic nanostructures|||
B05-V|Current|(2008-    )|Metallocenes|||
B05-Z|Current|(2015-    )|Organometal compounds||Metals/metalloids present in organic compound, excludes B, Si, As, Se, Te and P. To be searched alongside specific codes for relevant metal(s).|
B06|Old|(1963-2011)|Heterocyclic fused ring||This section is used for fused heterocyclic rings containing C and any of O, S and N. If any other elements are present, the structure is coded in B05. The specific rings listed in this section include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Specific ring systems present in a disclosed and claimed compound are individually coded, but if there is an essential fused heterocyclic ring and either an optional or a variable fused heterocyclic ring, only the essential ring is coded and neither the variable ring nor B06-H.|
B06|Current|(2012-    )|Heterocyclic fused ring||This section is used for fused heterocyclic rings containing C and any of O, S and N. If any other elements are present, the structure is coded in B05. The specific rings listed in this section include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Specific ring systems present in a disclosed and claimed compound are individually coded, but if there is an essential fused heterocyclic ring and either an optional or a variable fused heterocyclic ring, only the essential ring is coded and neither the variable ring nor B06-H. The exception to this is in a composition with a single new/used/produced compound having one essential fused heterocyclic ring and other components with various fused heterocycles - both the specific and B06-H are then coded.|
B06-A|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole hetero(s) oxygen|||
B06-A01|Current||1-benzo-(furan or pyran)|||
B06-A02|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings - sole hetero(s) oxygen||(e.g. phenolphthalein)|
B06-A03|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole hetero(s) oxygen|||
B06-A03A|Current|(2006-    )|Taxols, taxels||e.g. paclitaxel, docetaxel. Must contain an oxetane ring fused to the taxane skeleton|
B06-B|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
B06-B01|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
B06-B02|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
B06-C|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole heteros O and S [general]|||
B06-D|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole hetero(s) nitrogen|||
B06-D01|Current||Indole|||
B06-D02|Current||Quinoline|||
B06-D03|Current||Isoindole, isoquinoline|||
B06-D04|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and one N|||
B06-D05|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings (5+6 membered) and two N|||
B06-D06|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings (both 6 membered) and two N|||
B06-D07|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and two N|||
B06-D08|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and 3 N|||
B06-D09|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and 4 N|||
B06-D10|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and more than 4 N|||
B06-D11|Current||Acridine|||
B06-D12|Current||Dibenzo [b, f] azepine|||
B06-D13|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 3 rings and one N|||
B06-D14|Current||Phenazine|||
B06-D15|Current||Carbolines, phenanthrolines|||
B06-D16|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 3 rings and two N|||
B06-D17|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 3 rings and more than 2N|||
B06-D18|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with more than 3 rings - sole hetero(s) nitrogen|||
B06-E|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole heteros O and N|||
B06-E01|Current||Benzoxazole, benzisoxazoles|||
B06-E02|Current||Benzoxazines|||
B06-E03|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings - sole heteros O and N|||
B06-E04|Current||Phenoxazine|||
B06-E05|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole heteros O and N|||
B06-F|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole heteros S and N|||
B06-F01|Current||Benzothiazole, benzisothiazoles|||
B06-F02|Current||Benzothiazines|||
B06-F03|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings - sole heteros S and N|||
B06-F04|Current||Phenothiazine|||
B06-F05|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole heteros S and N|||
B06-G|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole heteros O and S and N [general]|||
B06-H|Current||Fused ring, general [general]||This code is used for general disclosures when either unspecified fused heterocyclic ring is present or several specific rings are present. Therefore when a specific code is searched, the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
B06-S|Current|(2011-    )|Spirofused fused heterocycles|||
B07|Old|(1963-2011)|Heterocyclics, mononuclear||This section is used for monoheterocyclic rings containing C and any of O, S and N. If any other elements are present, the structure is coded in B05 only. Likewise when a fused heterocyclic ring is present, the structure is coded in B06 only. The specific rings listed in this section include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Specific ring systems present in a disclosed and claimed compound are individually coded, but if there is an essential monoheterocyclic ring and either an optional or a variable monoheterocyclic ring, only the essential ring is coded and neither the variable ring nor B07-H.|
B07|Current|(2012-    )|Heterocyclics, mononuclear||This section is used for monoheterocyclic rings containing C and any of O, S and N. If any other elements are present, the structure is coded in B05 only. Likewise, when a fused heterocyclic ring is present, the structure is coded in B06 only. The specific rings listed in this section include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Specific ring systems present in a disclosed and claimed compound are individually coded, but if there is an essential monoheterocyclic ring and either an optional or a variable monoheterocyclic ring, only the essential ring is coded and neither the variable ring nor B07-H. The exception to this is in a composition with a single new/used/produced compound having one essential monoheterocyclic ring and other components with various monoheterocycles - both the specific and B07-H are then coded.|
B07-A|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole hetero(s) oxygen|||
B07-A01|Current||Furan [exc. tetrahydrofuran]|||
B07-A02|Current||Tetrahydro-(furan or pyran) [general]|||
B07-A02A|Current|(1994-    )|Tetrahydrofuran|B07-A02||
B07-A02B|Current|(1994-    )|Tetrahydropyran|B07-A02||
B07-A03|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear with one O||Including pyran.|
B07-A04|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with more than one O|||
B07-B|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
B07-B01|Current||Thiophene|||
B07-B02|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear with one S|||
B07-B03|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear with more than one S|||
B07-C|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros O and S [general]|||
B07-D|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole hetero(s) nitrogen|||
B07-D01|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with one N, 3 or 4 membered|||
B07-D02|Current||Pyrrole||Excluding pyrrolidine.|
B07-D03|Current||Pyrrolidine|||
B07-D04|Current||Pyridine [general]||Excluding piperidine.|
B07-D04A|Current|(1986-    )|(Hydro)pyridinium n(v)|||
B07-D04B|Current|(1986-    )|Pyridine (optionally substituted) production|||
B07-D04C|Current|(1986-    )|Pyridine (optionally substituted) use|||
B07-D04D|Current|(1986-    )|Di- and tetrahydropyridine (optionally substituted)|||
B07-D05|Current||Piperidine|||
B07-D06|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with one N, more than 6-membered|||
B07-D07|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with more than one N, less than 5-membered|||
B07-D08|Current||Pyrazole|||
B07-D09|Current||Imidazole|||
B07-D10|Current||Pyr(id)azine||Excluding piperazine.|
B07-D11|Current||Piperazine|||
B07-D12|Current||Pyrimidine|||
B07-D13|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear with more than one N|||
B07-E|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros O and N|||
B07-E01|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with one O and one N|||
B07-E02|Current||Oxazines||Excluding morpholine.|
B07-E03|Current||Morpholine|||
B07-E04|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear- sole heteros O and N|||
B07-F|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros S and N|||
B07-F01|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with one S and one N|||
B07-F02|Current||Thiazines|||
B07-F03|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros S and N|||
B07-G|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros O and S and N [general]|||
B07-H|Current||Mononuclear heterocyclics [general]||This code is used for general disclosure when either unspecified monoheterocyclic ring system is present in the molecule, or several rings are present. Therefore the generic code must be searched every time when a specific code is searched.|
B07-H01|Current|(1975-    )|Mononuclear heterocyclics - ring linked directly to -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=N-)- OR -CN|||
B07-H02|Current|(1975-    )|Mononuclear heterocyclics - ring linked directly to heteroatom|||
B07-H03|Current|(1975-    )|Mononuclear heterocyclics - ring linked via aliphatic chain to heteroatom, C(=O), C(=S), C(=N) or CN|||
B07-H04|Current|(1975-    )|Other mononuclear heterocyclic rings|||
B07-S|Current|(2011-    )|Spirofused monocyclic heterocycles|||
B08|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic||This section covers compounds containing more than two carbocyclic rings fused together, at least one of which is 6- membered with 3 conjugated double bonds (or quinone derivs. thereof). Mono- and bicyclo-aromatics are coded in B10.|
B08-A|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - at least 6 rings fused|||
B08-B|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - five rings fused|||
B08-C|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 4 rings fused|||
B08-C01|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
B08-C02|Current||Other aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 4 rings fused|||
B08-D|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 3 rings fused|||
B08-D01|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:7 carbon atoms per ring|||
B08-D02|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
B08-D03|Current||Other aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 3 rings fused|||
B08-H|Current||Fused aromatic system general|||
B08-S|Current|(2011-    )|Spirofused polycyclic aromatic rings|||
B09|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic||This section covers compounds containing more than two carbocyclic rings fused together, other than aromatics (see B08). Mono- and bicyclic compounds are coded in B10.|
B09-A|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - at least 6 rings fused|||
B09-B|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - five rings fused|||
B09-C|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 4 rings fused|||
B09-C01|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
B09-C02|Current||Other alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 4 rings fused|||
B09-D|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 3 rings fused|||
B09-D01|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
B09-D02|Current||Other alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 3 rings fused|||
B09-H|Current||Fused alicyclic system general|||
B09-S|Current|(2011-    )|Spirofused polycyclic alicyclic rings|||
B10|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono and bicyclic only), aliphatics||In this section compounds are coded according to the type of functional group present. Only one code is assigned to a specific compound according to the rule of priorities: A >> B >> C, and 1 >> 2 >> 3 etc. Thus B10-A01 is the highest, and B10-J02 the lowest priority code. For acidic or basic salts see the parent compounds (i.e. amines, acids, etc.). For all cyclic derivatives of the groups listed in section B10 see B01 to B07. For groups not listed in section B10, e.g. semicarbazone, the highest priority segment is coded, in this case as B10-A13D.|
B10-A|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono+bicyclic only), aliphatics - with rarer chemical groups||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable.|
B10-A01|Current||1 or 2 ring aromatics and (cyclo)aliphatics with onium (e.g. sulfonium, iodonium) or free radical|||
B10-A02|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono + bicyclic only), aliphatics - with halogen bound to hal/n/o||For halides of acids other than carboxylic (B10-A25) or those containing N-X or O-X (X = halogen) bond (B10-A02) the parent acid is coded. For example a sulphenyl halide is coded B10-A09C, a chloroformate B10-A11B and a carbamoyl halide B10-A12C.|
B10-A03|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono + bicyclic only), aliphatics - with nitrogen oxide, nitroso||Includes nitramines|
B10-A04|Old|(1963-2014)|Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono + bicyclic only), aliphatics - with peroxide, polysulphide|||
B10-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Peroxide, polysulphide||Also includes Hydroperoxides.|
B10-A05|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono and bicyclic only), aliphatics - containing nitrate, nitrite|||
B10-A06|Current||Quinone||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
B10-A07|Current||Sugars (general)||Only 4 or more carbon monosaccharides with a free keto or aldehyde group together with their oxidised, reduced and substituted derivatives code here. Sugars in which at least one of the aldehyde / keto groups have been converted into an acetal / ketal (i.e. exist in cyclic form) code in B07-A02.|
B10-A07A|Current|(2005-    )|Unmodified sugars||Includes ethers and esters thereof. 7 or more carbons are coded B10-A07E.|
B10-A07B|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar alcohols||Includes ether and ester derivatives. Derivatives in which one or two of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by N additionally code B10-A07D. Derivatives in which one or two of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by atoms other than H or N (including 7 or more carbon sugar alcohols) additionally code B10-A07E. Inositol is coded B10-E04A.|
B10-A07C|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar acids||Includes ether and ester derivatives. Derivatives in which one or two of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by N additionally code B10-A07D. Derivatives in which one or two of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by atoms other than H or N (including 7 or more carbon sugar acids) additionally code B10-A07E. Uronic acids which contain a free aldehyde or keto group (even if represented as a cyclic hemi-acetal in the source material) code here but those in which the hemi-acetal OH has been converted into an ether or ester code in B07-A02. Lactones of sugar alcohols code in the B07-A section.|
B10-A07D|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar amines||Used for 4 or more carbon monosaccharides with a free aldehyde or keto group (even if represented as a cyclic hemi-acetal in the source material) or an oxidised or reduced derivative thereof in which one or two of the O atoms have been replaced by nitrogen. If the sugar contains 7 or more carbons it additionally codes B10-A07E. If the sugar is an oxidised sugar it additionally codes B10-A07C. If the sugar is a reduced sugar it additionally codes B10-A07B.|
B10-A07E|Current|(2005-    )|Other sugar derivatives||Used for 4 or more carbon monosaccharides with a free aldehyde or keto group (even if represented as a cyclic hemi-acetal in the source material) or an oxidised or reduced derivative thereof in which one or two of the O atoms have been replaced by atoms other than H, or N. Additionally all 7 or more carbon non-cyclic monosaccharides code here. If the sugar is an oxidised sugar it additionally codes B10-A07C. If the sugar is a reduced sugar it additionally codes B10-A07B.|
B10-A08|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono and bicyclic only), aliphatics - contains amide of sulfur acid|||
B10-A09|Retired|(1963-1965)|Sulphur acid*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
B10-A09A|Current|(1965-    )|(Thio)sulphuric(ous) acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
B10-A09B|Current|(1965-    )|(Thio)Sulfonic acids (including derivatives) general||Includes all derivatives except those of higher priority. Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulfur atom(s)|
B10-A09C|Current|(1965-    )|Other S acids||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
B10-A10|Current||Sulphone, sulphoxide|||
B10-A11|Retired|(1963-1965)|Carbonate [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
B10-A11A|Current|(1965-    )|Thiocarbonic acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
B10-A11B|Current|(1965-    )|Carbonic acid||Includes haloformates.|
B10-A12|Retired|(1963-1965)|Carbamate [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
B10-A12A|Current|(1965-    )|Dithiocarbamic acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
B10-A12B|Current|(1965-    )|Monothiocarbamic acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
B10-A12C|Current|(1965-    )|Carbamic acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priorities.|
B10-A13|Retired|(1963-1965)|Urea, isourea [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
B10-A13A|Current|(1965-    )|(Iso)thiourea|||
B10-A13B|Current|(1965-    )|(Iso)urea [general]||Generic codes are only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. When a specific search is made, the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
B10-A13C|Current|(1975-    )|Unsubstituted urea|||
B10-A13D|Current|(1975-    )|Other (iso)urea compounds|||
B10-A14|Current||(Iso)cyanate, thiocyanide|||
B10-A15|Current||(Iso)cyanide|||
B10-A16|Current||Azide, azo diazo(nium)|||
B10-A17|Current||Biguanide, guanidine, amidine|||
B10-A18|Current||Hydroxylamine||Hydroxylamine itself is coded B05-C03.|
B10-A19|Current||Hydrazine||Hydrazine itself is coded B05-C03.|
B10-A20|Current||Imine|||
B10-A21|Current||Quaternary ammonium (bis or poly)||When a patent claims amines and their quaternary ammonium salts, only the amines are coded. Two searches must be made in order to obtain all relevant quaternary ammonium compounds.|
B10-A22|Current||Quaternary ammonium (mono)|||
B10-A23|Current||Acetal, ketal|||
B10-A24|Current||Imide|||
B10-A25|Current||Acid anhydride, halide (carboxylic only)||For halides of acids other than carboxylic (B10-A25) or those containing N-X or O-X (X = halogen) bond (B10-A02) the parent acid is coded. For example a sulphenyl halide is coded B10-A09C, a chloroformate B10-A11B and a carbamoyl halide B10-A12C.|
B10-B|Current||Amines|||
B10-B01|Current|(1986-    )|Polyamine [general]|||
B10-B01A|Current|(1965-    )|Polyamines, at least 1 amine aromatic|||
B10-B01B|Current|(1965-    )|Polyamines with no amine aromatic|||
B10-B02|Current|(1986-    )|Amino-acid, -ester or -amide general||Oxygen atoms in the acid/ester/amide portion may be replaced by S where applicable.|
B10-B02A|Current|(1965-    )|Amino-acid, -ester or -amide (amine aromatic)|||
B10-B02B|Current|(1965-    )|Amino-acid, -ester or amide (amine not aromatic) [general]|||
B10-B02C|Current|(1975-    )|Amino acid/ester/amide (amine not aromatic) - mixtures with at least 3 naturally occurring aas|||
B10-B02D|Current|(1975-    )|Sulphur-containing amino acids||Including amides and esters of the acid group(s).|
B10-B02E|Current|(1975-    )|Ring-containing amino acid with free acid group or salt|||
B10-B02F|Current|(1975-    )|Ring-containing amino amide|||
B10-B02G|Current|(1975-    )|Ring-containing amino ester|||
B10-B02H|Current|(1975-    )|Optionally esterified or etherified hydroxy amino acids||Including amides and esters of the acid group(s).|
B10-B02J|Current|(1975-    )|Other amino acids||Including amides and esters of the acid group(s).|
B10-B03|Current|(1986-    )|Amino-phenol,-alcohol or ether [general]||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable.|
B10-B03A|Current|(1971-    )|Amino-phenol, -alcohol or -ether (amine aromatic)|||
B10-B03B|Current|(1971-    )|Amino-phenol, -alcohol or -ether (amine not aromatic)|||
B10-B04|Current|(1986-    )|Amine mono, [general]|||
B10-B04A|Current|(1971-    )|Other aromatic amines|||
B10-B04B|Current|(1971-    )|Other non-aromatic amines|||
B10-C|Current||Carboxylic acids|||
B10-C01|Current||Thiocarboxylic acid|||
B10-C02|Current||Polycarboxylic acid|||
B10-C03|Current||Carboxylic acid and phenol present||Or phenolic ester or ether. Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S.|
B10-C04|Current||Other carboxylic acids [general]|||
B10-C04A|Current|(1975-    )|Carboxylic acid and cycloaliphatic system present|||
B10-C04B|Current|(1975-    )|Hydroxy, aldehyde or keto carboxylic acid and carbocyclic aromatic ring system present||Including esters and ethers (of hydroxy) and thio derivatives.|
B10-C04C|Current|(1975-    )|Other carboxylic acid and carbocyclic aromatic ring system present|||
B10-C04D|Current|(1975-    )|Acyclic hydroxy, aldehyde or keto carboxylic acid||Including acyclic ether (of hydroxy) and thio derivatives.|
B10-C04E|Current|(1975-    )|General acyclic monocarboxylic acid||General acyclic monocarboxylic acid (not substituted by hydroxy, aldehyde, keto or their ethers and/or thio derivatives).|
B10-C04E1|Current|(2006-    )|Substituted acyclic monocarboxylic acid|||
B10-C04E2|Current|(2006-    )|Polyunsaturated fatty acid|||
B10-C04E3|Current|(2006-    )|Monounsaturated fatty acid|||
B10-C04E4|Current|(2006-    )|Other unsaturated monocarboxylic acid|||
B10-C04E5|Current|(2006-    )|Saturated fatty acid|||
B10-C04E6|Current|(2006-    )|Other saturated monocarboxylic acid|||
B10-D|Current||Aldehydes and carboxylic amides [general]||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable. These generic codes are only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. When a specific search is made, corresponding generic codes must also be searched.|
B10-D01|Current||Aldehydes|||
B10-D02|Current||Carboxylic amide, thio|||
B10-D03|Current||Carboxylic amides|||
B10-E|Current||Hydroxy compounds||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable.|
B10-E01|Current||Thiophenols|||
B10-E02|Current||Phenols|||
B10-E03|Current||Thioalcohols|||
B10-E04|Current||Alcohols [general]||Generic codes are only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. When a specific search is made, the corresponding generic codes must also be searched.|
B10-E04A|Current|(1975-    )|Alcohols containing hydroxy attached directly to alicyclic ring||Including inositol.|
B10-E04B|Current|(1975-    )|Alcohols containing carbocyclic ring(s)|||
B10-E04C|Current|(1975-    )|Polyalcohols and ethers and esters thereof|||
B10-E04D|Current|(1975-    )|Other alcohols|||
B10-F|Current||Ketones|||
B10-F01|Current||Thioketones|||
B10-F02|Current||Ketones|||
B10-G|Current||Carboxylic esters and nitro [general]||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable.|
B10-G01|Current||Thiocarboxylic esters|||
B10-G02|Current||Carboxylic esters|||
B10-G03|Current||Nitro|||
B10-H|Current||Ethers and halogens [general]||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable.|
B10-H01|Current||Ethers|||
B10-H02|Current|(1986-    )|Halogen [general]|||
B10-H02A|Current|(1965-    )|F linked to aromatic ring|||
B10-H02B|Current|(1965-    )|F not linked to aromatic ring|||
B10-H02C|Current|(1965-    )|Br or I linked to aromatic ring|||
B10-H02D|Current|(1965-    )|Br or I not linked to aromatic ring|||
B10-H02E|Current|(1965-    )|Cl linked to aromatic ring|||
B10-H02F|Current|(1965-    )|Cl not linked to aromatic ring|||
B10-J|Current||Hydrocarbons|||
B10-J01|Current|(1965-    )|Hydrocarbons - -C-triple-bond-C- (may form part of alicyclic ring)|||
B10-J02|Current|(1965-    )|Other hydrocarbons|||
B10-J02A|Current|(2013-    )|Terpenes or terpenoids||General terpenes or terpenoids of purely hydrocarbon content|
B11|Current||Processes, apparatus||B11 codes are only used when the inventive feature of the patent cannot be completely described in terms of chemical descriptors in B01 to B10. Test methods must be claimed for B11 codes to be applied, i.e. if a compound can be used as a reagent but the test is not claimed, only B12-K04+ codes are applied.|
B11-A|Current||Fermentation - processes, apparatus [general]||Includes fermentation process where microorganisms are not specified|
B11-A01|Current|(1994-    )|Fermentation using microorganisms|B11-A||
B11-A01A|Current|(2006-    )|Using bacteria|||
B11-A01B|Current|(2006-    )|Using viruses|||
B11-A01C|Current|(2006-    )|Using fungi|||
B11-A02|Current|(1994-    )|Fermentation using enzymes|B11-A||
B11-A02A|Current|(2006-    )|Using oxidoreductases general|||
B11-A02A1|Current|(2006-    )|Using oxidases|||
B11-A02A2|Current|(2006-    )|Using peroxidases|||
B11-A02A3|Current|(2006-    )|Using oxygenases|||
B11-A02A4|Current|(2006-    )|Using dehydrogenases, reductases|||
B11-A02A5|Current|(2006-    )|Using lipoxygenases|||
B11-A02B|Current|(2006-    )|Using transferases general|||
B11-A02B1|Current|(2006-    )|Using DNA/RNA polymerases|||
B11-A02B2|Current|(2006-    )|Using reverse transcriptases|||
B11-A02B3|Current|(2006-    )|Using kinases|||
B11-A02C|Current|(2006-    )|Using hydrolases general|||
B11-A02C1|Current|(2006-    )|Using esterases|||
B11-A02C2|Current|(2006-    )|Using glycosidases|||
B11-A02C3|Current|(2006-    )|Using proteases/peptide hydrolases|||
B11-A02D|Current|(2006-    )|Using lyases|||
B11-A02E|Current|(2006-    )|Using isomerases|||
B11-A02F|Current|(2006-    )|Using ligases|||
B11-A03|Current|(2010-)|Using algae|||
B11-A04|Current|(2012-)|Fermentation Apparatus||Apparatus or device for culturing microorganisms e.g. Culturing device of alimentary canal nematodes.|
B11-A04A|Current|(2014-    )|CELL/TISSUE CULTURE APPARATUS||Method and apparatus for culturing and processing of biological cells excluding tissue engineering (coded B11-C04G). E.g. animal cells and other microbial cells.|
B11-B|Current||Extraction, separation, recovery, purification, crystallisation||If part of a diagnostic process see B11-C08D.|
B11-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Separation of stereoisomers by a biological method|||
B11-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Separation of stereoisomers by other method|||
B11-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Other separation||Includes extraction of specific substances from natural products.|
B11-B03A|Current|(2012-    )|Method or device for separation of biological molecules||Includes methods or devices for extraction of biological substances such as proteins and nucleic acids.|
B11-B03B|Current|(2013-    )|Devices/methods for concentrating of molecules||Includes techniques involving concentrating procedure and distillation process, only for use when the Novelty of the invention.|
B11-B03C|Current|(2016-    )|Method or device for extraction of active substances from plant||Patents dealing with extraction of active agents from plants.|
B11-B04|Old|(2006-2013)|Removal processes|||
B11-B04|Current|(2014-    )|METHOD OR DEVICE FOR REMOVAL PROCESSES||A means of destroying or collecting for subsequent safe disposal harmful / noxious substances. Substance removed and removing agent are additionally coded, even if they only appear in an example.|
B11-B05|Current|(2009-    )|Method for preservation and/or storage|||
B11-B06|Old|(2010-2013)|Method for cleaning and/or sterilization|||
B11-B06|Current|(2014-    )|Method or Device for cleaning and/or sterilization||Method or device for cleaning and/or sterilization, such as for medical equipment.|
B11-C|Current||General process, apparatus|||
B11-C01|Current|(1971-    )|General chemical processes|||
B11-C01A|Current|(2002-    )|Combinatorial chemistry|||
B11-C01A1|Current|(2005-    )|Library synthesis||Used when the patent is describing a technique for producing, rather than using a combinatorial library.|
B11-C01A2|Current|(2005-    )|Liquid-phase synthesis||Process in which the chemical building blocks are present in solution.|
B11-C01A3|Current|(2005-    )|Solid-phase synthesis||Process in which the chemical building blocks are bound to a polymer.|
B11-C01A4|Current|(2005-    )|Parallel synthesis||Process in which each separate starting material is present in a different well of a microarray and the reagent is added simultaneously to all wells so each product is present in a different well.|
B11-C01A5|Current|(2005-    )|High volume synthesis||Process in which very large numbers of compounds are produced from a large variety of starting materials.|
B11-C01B|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus for combinatorial|||
B11-C01C|Current|(2002-    )|Other processes|||
B11-C01C1|Current|(2006-    )|Stereo-specific reactions|||
B11-C01C2|Current|(2006-    )|Stereo-selective reactions|||
B11-C01C3|Current|(2012-    )|Racemisation|||
B11-C01D|Current|(2006-    )|Stereochemistry|||
B11-C01E|Old|(2007-2010)|Amplification processes for production|B11-A02B1||
B11-C01E|Current|(2011-    )|Amplification apparatus/process for production|B11-A02B1|From 2011, the scope of this code has been extended to cover amplification apparatus for production in addition to processes for the same. |
B11-C02|Old|(1971-2014)|Syringes general|||
B11-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Syringes||Also includes filling/loading of syringes.|
B11-C02A|Current|(2005-    )|Hypodermic syringes||Includes multi-use as well as single-use and moulded disposable syringes.|
B11-C02B|Current|(2005-    )|Needles||Should cover all needles, not just those for syringes. Not for microneedles - these are coded under 12-M02F instead.|
B11-C02C|Current|(2006-    )|Syinge components|||
B11-C02D|Old|(2006-2013)|Syringe disposal apparatus||Also includes syringe needle removing devices and sharps container|
B11-C02D|Current|(2014-    )|Syringe/Injector disposal apparatus||Covers disposal of all injectors, not just syringes. Also includes syringe needle removing devices and sharps container. |
B11-C03|Current|(1971-    )|Dispensers|||
B11-C04|Old|(1971-2009)|Machine/device for use in/on animal body, [general]|||
B11-C04|Current|(2010-    )|Machine/device/method for use in/on animal body, [general]||From 2010, the scope of this code has been extended to cover methods used for therapeutic purposes on animal or human body in addition to machines and devices for the same. Includes both method and devices used for therapeutic purposes on animal or human body. This code can be applied to condoms, external splints, infra-red heat massagers etc, however such items should either contain, be coated with or be used in conjunction with drugs in order for them to be coded in B and/or C.|
B11-C04A|Current|(1977-    )|Implant|||
B11-C04A1|Current|(2006-    )|Stent|||
B11-C04B|Current|(1977-    )|Catheter||Includes cannula.|
B11-C04C|Current|(2005-    )|Injection gun, general|||
B11-C04D|Current|(2005-    )|Applicator|||
B11-C04E|Current|(2005-    )|Needle-free injector||A syringe type device that uses applied pressure to inject the drug through the skin, and particularly into the gums during dental procedures.|
B11-C04F|Current|(2005-    )|Artificial organs||Including heart-lung machines, kidney dialysis equipment, pacemakers and artificial livers and skin. Includes production of these organs. Not to be confused with Prosthesis (coded B12-M17) or Implants (coded B11-C04A).|
B11-C04G|Current|(2007-    )|Tissue engineering technologies|B11-C04, B11-C04A, B11-C04F|To include wound care technologies (incl. care for fractures, e.g. bone cement and tissue lesions), stem cell therapeutic applications (e.g. epidermis regeneration), tissue and organ production, e.g. by inkjet printers and tissue scaffold/matrix use.|
B11-C04H|Current|(2009-    )|Adaptors, fixing devices, seals||used for e.g., attaching tubes to syringes, attaching catheter tubes to supports|
B11-C04J|Current|(2010-    )|Cements and putties||Includes bone cement etc.|
B11-C04K|Current|(2015-    )|Bioelectronics and neurostimulation||Includes electroceuticals, may also be searched with B14-S27.|
B11-C04Z|Old|(2012-2014)|Non-pharmaceutical alternative therapies||Includes therapies such as music therapy, laughter therapy, heat therapy, acupuncture, and reiki. Does not include electrical or electromagnetic therapies, see B14-S27 instead.|
B11-C04Z|Current|(2015-    )|Non-pharmaceutical alternative therapies||Includes therapies such as music therapy, laughter therapy, heat therapy, acupuncture and Reiki. Does not include electrical or electromagnetic therapies which are coded in B14-S27 with additionally B11-C04 if the apparatus is also claimed.|
B11-C05|Old|(1971-2012)|Machine/apparatus used in production of pharmaceutical, veterinary or agricultural composition||e.g. tabletting machines.|
B11-C05|Current|(2013-    )|Process/apparatus for producing pharmaceutical, veterinary or agricultural composition||Includes tabletting machines. Also covers any process for producing drugs or their intermediate products e.g. drug mixer, device for drying a drug, device for crushing a drug|
B11-C06|Current|(1975-    )|Containers, packing, preserving apparatus, storage tanks, transporting apparatus [general]|||
B11-C06A|Current|(1977-    )|Closures, caps|||
B11-C06B|Old|(2009-2013)|Formulation counting devices||e.g. tablet counting machines.|
B11-C06B|Current|(2014-    )|Formulation counting/measuring devices||e.g. tablet counting machines, cylinders for measuring solutions, weighing devices.|
B11-C06C|Current|(2010-    )|Peripheral devices for therapeutic regimens||Includes stands for e.g. infusion devices, and tamper alarms etc.|
B11-C06D|Current|(2011-    )|Labels and labelling devices|||
B11-C06E|Current|(2012-    )|Temperature regulation apparatus|||
B11-C06Z|New|(2017-    )|Safety and tamper-proof devices/methods||Applied with one or more other codes from B11-C02, B11-C03, B11-C04 and/or B11-C06. Includes methods and devices to improve patient safety e.g. alarms for incorrect operation of dispensers. Safety caps, previously coded only in B11-C06A, also now coded here.|
B11-C07|Current|(1975-    )|Antibody-antigen reaction, precipitation/colorimetric/fluorescence/radioactive tracer tests, gen.||B11-C07+ and B11-C08+ codes are applied when diagnosis/testing process forms a novel part of an invention.|
B11-C07A|Current|(1977-    )|Antigen - antibody reaction [general]||Excluding B11-A.|
B11-C07A1|Current|(1986-    )|Production of antigen for test|||
B11-C07A2|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to colour tracer|||
B11-C07A3|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to radioactive tracer|||
B11-C07A4|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to enzyme tracer|||
B11-C07A5|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to fluorescent or chemiluminescent tracer|||
B11-C07A6|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to other type of carrier||e.g. erythrocytes, glass, polymer.|
B11-C07A7|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for antigen antibody reaction, where antigen/antibody/carrier are irrelevant to invention|||
B11-C07B|Current|(1977-    )|Colorimetric tests||Including fluorescence (excluding B11-C07A).|
B11-C07B1|Current|(1986-    )|Colorimetric (detection of colour change in a reagent)|||
B11-C07B2|Current|(1986-    )|Spectrophotometric|||
B11-C07B3|Current|(1986-    )|Fluorescence|||
B11-C07B4|Current|(1986-    )|Chemiluminescence|||
B11-C07B5|Current|(1986-    )|Radioactive tracer other than B11-C07A3|||
B11-C07B6|Current|(2005-    )|Reflectance, light scattering etc.|||
B11-C07B7|Current|(2009-    )|Apparatus for colorimetric analysis where the apparatus is the novelty of the invention|||
B11-C08|Current|(1975-    )|Other methods/apparatus for testing/detection||Including new drug screening systems.|
B11-C08A|Current|(1986-    )|Testing/detection by NMR, mass spectroscopy||Excluding NMR, mass spectroscopy for gene/protein analysis which is coded under B11-C08G2.|
B11-C08B|Current|(1986-    )|Testing/detection by potentiometry, polarography|||
B11-C08C|Old|(1986-2009)|Sampling devices for testing|||
B11-C08C|Current|(2010-    )|Sampling device and sampling method for testing||From 2010, the scope of this code has been extended to cover methods of sampling in addition to devices for the same. Includes both devices as well as method of sampling, where in the method of collecting samples if for test and detection purposes|
B11-C08C1|Current|(2007-    )|Microfluidic devices|B11-C08C||
B11-C08C2|Current|(2014-    )|Manipulation of samples||Includes methods or devices for treating biopsy or smear samples to make them easier to view.|
B11-C08D|Current|(1986-    )|Separation methods of testing and diagnosis [general]||Other than B11-B.|
B11-C08D1|Current|(1986-    )|Testing and diagnosis by electrophoresis|||
B11-C08D2|Current|(1986-    )|Testing and diagnosis by chromatography, ion exchange||Including High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)|
B11-C08D3|Current|(1986-    )|Testing and diagnosis by filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation, dialysis|||
B11-C08E|Current|(1986-    )|Biological procedures for testing [general]||Other than B11-A and B11-C07A.|
B11-C08E1|Current|(1986-    )|Fermentation of micro-organisms, cell or tissue culture||e.g. testing antibiotics by cultivation of microorganisms.|
B11-C08E2|Current|(1986-    )|Noting physiological responses in animals or plants/modelling diseases||e.g. increased activity, change of habit. This code is applied only when the test is the main inventive feature.|
B11-C08E3|Current|(1986-    )|Enzyme processes other than polarography or enzyme labelling||Excluding B11-C07A, but including the use of restriction enzymes (endonucleases) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).|
B11-C08E4|Current|(1994-    )|DNA sequencing methods|B11-C08, B11-C08E3|Other than those involving enzymes.|
B11-C08E5|Current|(1994-    )|Nucleic acid hybridisation test methods, use of nucleic acid probes|B11-C08, B11-C08E3||
B11-C08E6|Current|(2002-    )|Microarrays and biochips|||
B11-C08E7|Current|(2005-    )|Agonist/antagonist identification|||
B11-C08E8|Current|(2016-    )|Biosensor||To be searched alongside the physicochemical and/or biological parts where present.|
B11-C08F|Current|(2002-    )|Protein/gene analysis general|||
B11-C08F1|Current|(2002-    )|Computational genomics|||
B11-C08F2|Current|(2002-    )|Experimental genomics|||
B11-C08F3|Current|(2002-    )|Computational proteomics|||
B11-C08F4|Current|(2002-    )|Experimental proteomics|||
B11-C08F5|Current|(2009-    )|Functional genomics|||
B11-C08F6|Current|(2009-    )|Functional proteomics|||
B11-C08G|Old|(2002-2010)|Structural gene/protein analysis|||
B11-C08G|Current|(2011-    )|Structural conformation analyzing method for biomolecules||Prior to 2011, this code covered structural gene/protein analysis only. From 2011, the scope of this code has been extended to cover structural analysis of all biomolecules. Also includes structural analysis of polysaccharide, nucleic acid, lipid, glycoprotein, glycolipid and RNA molecule.|
B11-C08G1|Current|(2002-    )|X-ray crystallography|||
B11-C08G2|Current|(2002-    )|NMR spectroscopy|||
B11-C08G3|Current|(2002-    )|Electron microscopy|||
B11-C08H|Current|(2002-    )|Drug design by computer modelling|||
B11-C08J|Current|(2005-    )|Microscopy/optical processes and apparatus|||
B11-C08K|Current|(2009-    )|Other analytical apparatus where the apparatus is the novelty of the invention||Novel apparatus for colorimetric analysis codes as B11-C07B7.|
B11-C08L|Current|(2016-    )|Acoustics||Includes ultrasound, infrasound, and vibration.|
B11-C09|Current|(1975-    )|Other processes, appts.||Processes and apparatus not covered elsewhere in section 11.|
B11-C09A|Current|(2006-    )|Processes|||
B11-C09B|Current|(2006-    )|Apparatus|||
B11-C10|Current|(2002-    )|Screening general|||
B11-C10A|Current|(2002-    )|High throughput screening|||
B11-C10B|Current|(2005-    )|High content screening||Whole cell analysis used in drug screening. Differs from high-throughput screens that are usually homogenous in-vitro assays. Includes the analysis of multiple independent or interacting targets in intact cells using e.g. advanced optical imaging systems, fluorescent-based reagents and advanced informatics tools. Also includes predictive toxicity and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) screening.|
B11-C10C|Current|(2005-    )|Protein/gene libraries||Collections of protein or nucleic acid fragments and clones used as a tool in biochemical processes.|
B11-C10D|Current|(2005-    )|Phage display libraries|||
B11-C11|Current|(2005-    )|General computing methods and apparatus||Includes media and methods for storing, searching and retrieving data and drug databases. Also for computerised pharmacological models|
B11-C11A|Current|(2005-    )|Patient compliance methods and systems||Methods concerning patient compliance, e.g. medication reminders.|
B11-C11B|Current|(2014-    )|Computerised teaching models||Includes computer simulations used to show drug effects, such as in university courses.|
B11-C12|Current|(2005-    )|Nanotechnology (general)||Covers nanoswitches made of DNA.|
B11-C13|Current|(2005-    )|Particle engineering||Any process concerned with the design of the physical form of the particles in the dosage (as opposed to the chemical constitution of them). This optimises drug delivery properties of the dosage form.|
B11-C14|Current|(2008-    )|Security systems, e.g. biometric data, retinal scanning, authentification of drugs, etc.|||
B11-C15|Old|(2011-2013)|Biological tools/models/teaching aids|||
B11-C15|Current|(2014-    )|Biological tools/models/teaching aids||Physical entities only. For computerised teaching models see B11-C11B.|
B11-C16|New|(2017-    )|Apparatus specifically for pediatrics or geriatrics||Includes apparatus for neonates and adolescents.|
B11-C17|New|(2017-    )|Bioprinting||Includes pre- and post-bioprinting procedures. Additionally coded with B11-C04G for tissue engineering via bioprinting, or B11-C04F for printable organs.|
B12|Current||Diagnostics and formulation types (therapeutic, pesticidal, herbicidal)|||
B12-A|Current||Antimicrobial type|||
B12-A01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antibacterial*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A01+ as of 199401. Antibiotics are only B02. Immunostimulant with B12-A06 (pre-1994).|
B12-A02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antifungal, antialgal, antilichen general*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A04+; B14-B08 as of 199401.|
B12-A02A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antialgal*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A05 as of 199401.|
B12-A02B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antilichen*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B08 as of 199401.|
B12-A02C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antifungal*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A04+ as of 199401.|
B12-A03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antileprotic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A01B1 as of 199401.|
B12-A04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antitubercular*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A01B1 as of 199401.|
B12-A05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antivenereal*||*Code retired, searched under B14-N07C; B14-A01A; B14-A01A5 as of 199401.|
B12-A06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antiviral*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A02+ as of 199401. Vaccines are only B02-V. Immunostimulant with B12-A01 (pre-1994).|
B12-A07|Retired|(1963-1993)|Skin and wound treatment*||*Code retired, searched under B14-N17+ as of 199401.|
B12-A08|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antifouling*||*Code retired, discontinued in section B as of 199401. (Prior to 198601 search B12-A02, B12-N01, B12-N04 and B12-N05).|
B12-B|Current||Antiparasitic type|||
B12-B01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Amoebicide*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A03A as of 199401.|
B12-B02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Anthelmintic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B03 as of 199401.|
B12-B03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antimalarial*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A03B as of 199401.|
B12-B04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antiparasitic (general) acaricide*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B02 as of 199401.|
B12-B05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Coccidiostat*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A03C as of 199401.|
B12-B06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Schistosomicide*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B03A as of 199401.|
B12-B07|Retired|(1963-1993)|Trypanocide*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A03E as of 199401.|
B12-C|Current||CNS-active type (i)|||
B12-C01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Anaesthetic(general)*||*Code retired, searched under B14-C07 as of 199401.|
B12-C02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Anaesthetic (local)*||*Code retired, searched under B14-C08 as of 199401.|
B12-C03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Analeptic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J01A2 as of 199401.|
B12-C04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antiparkinsonian drug*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J01A3 as of 199401.|
B12-C05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Central depressant*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J01B as of 199401.|
B12-C06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Central stimulant*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J01A; B14-J01A1 as of 199401.|
B12-C07|Retired|(1963-1993)|Hypnotic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J01B1 as of 199401.|
B12-C08|Retired|(1963-1993)|Sedative*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J01B2 as of 199401.|
B12-C09|Retired|(1963-1993)|Synergist*||*Code retired, searched under B14-S09 as of 199401.|
B12-C10|Retired|(1963-1993)|Tranquilliser*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J01B4; B14-J01A4; B14-F02D1; B14-J01; B14-J01B3; B14-N16; B14-S07 as of 199401.|
B12-D|Current||CNS-active type (ii)|||
B12-D01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Analgesic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-C01 as of 199401.|
B12-D02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antiallergic general*||*Code retired, searched under B14-G02A as of 199401.|
B12-D02A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Autoimmune disease treatment*||*Code retired, searched under B14-G02D as of 199401. (See also B12-D03, B12-D07, B12-D09).|
B12-D02B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Immune suppressant. Immunomodulatory is also coded as B12-A01 and B12-A06*||*Code retired, searched under B14-G02; B14-G02C; B14-G03 as of 199401. Immunomodulatory also coded as B12-A01 and B12-A06.|
B12-D02C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Complement inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under B14-L07 as of 199401.|
B12-D02D|Retired|(1986-1993)|Anti slow-releasing-substance of anaphyllaxis (SRS-A)*||*Code retired, searched under B14-G02B as of 199401.|
B12-D03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antiarthritic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-C09+ as of 199401.|
B12-D04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Anticonvulsant*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J07 as of 199401.|
B12-D05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antiemetic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-E05 as of 199401.|
B12-D06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antihistamine general*||*Code retired, searched under B14-L09 as of 199401. For gastric secretion inhibitor see also B12-J02 (B14-E07 as of 199401).|
B12-D06A|Retired|(1986-1993)|H2-secretion inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under B14-l11 as of 199401.|
B12-D06B|Retired|(1986-1993)|H1 inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under B14-L10 as of 199401.|
B12-D07|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antiinflammatory*||*Code retired, searched under B14-C02; B14-C03 as of 199401.|
B12-D08|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antipyretic*||*Code retired, searched under  B14-C04; B14-C05 as of 199401.|
B12-D09|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antirheumatic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-C06 as of 199401.|
B12-D10|Retired|(1963-1993)|Convulsant*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J06 as of 199401.|
B12-E|Current||Autonomic n.s. active type|||
B12-E01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Autonomic N.S. active general*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F02; B14-J02 as of 199401.|
B12-E02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Muscle-relaxant, inotropic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J05; B14-J05A; B14-J05C; B14-J05D as of 199401. (See also B12-F01).|
B12-E03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Mydriatic/myopic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J05B as of 199401.|
B12-E04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Parasympathetic blocker*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J02B+; B14-J05D as of 199401.|
B12-E05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Parasympathetic stimulant, acetyl choline potentiator*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J02A+ as of 199401.|
B12-E06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Sympathetic blocker [general]*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J02D; B14-J02D3 as of 199401.|
B12-E06A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Alpha-adrenergic blocker*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J02D1 as of 199401.|
B12-E06B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Beta-adrenergic blocker*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J02D2 as of 199401.|
B12-E07|Retired|(1963-1993)|Sympathetic stimulant adrenergic stimulant adrenaline potentiator*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J02C+ as of 199401.|
B12-E08|Retired|(1963-1993)|Ulcers (peptic and duodenal)*||*Code retired, searched under B14-E08 as of 199401.|
B12-E09|Retired|(1963-1993)|Uterus-active*||*Code retired, searched under B14-N14 as of 199401.|
B12-F|Current||Cardioactive type||Now coded as B14-F|
B12-F01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Cardioactive general*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F01 as of 199401.|
B12-F01A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Arrhythmia treatment*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F01A as of 199401.|
B12-F01B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Cardiac stimulant*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F01B as of 199401. Including treatment of myocardial infarct, myocardial contraction intensifying, cardiac arrest treatment, cardiotonic, cardiac insufficiency treatment.|
B12-F01C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Cardiovascular. Inotropic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F01C as of 199401. Before 198602 inotropic was coded B12-E02.|
B12-F02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Coronary dilator*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F01D; B14-F01E as of 199401.|
B12-F03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Ganglion-blocker*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F01F as of 199401.|
B12-F04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Hypertensive*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F02A as of 199401.|
B12-F05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Hypotensive [general]*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F02B as of 199401.|
B12-F05A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, renin inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F02B1 as of 199401.|
B12-F05B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Calcium entry blockers*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F02B2 as of 199401. B12-G01 may also be searched.|
B12-F06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Vasoconstrictor*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F02C as of 199401.|
B12-F07|Retired|(1963-1993)|Vasodilator*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F02D+ as of 199401.|
B12-G|Current||Metabolism active type|||
B12-G01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antimetabolite [general]*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J04; B14-L06; B14-L07; B14-L08 as of 199401.|
B12-G01A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antihormone, antiandrogenic, antioestrogenic, antiprogestational, adrenal cortex inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D02+ as of 199401.|
B12-G01B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Enzyme inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D03; B14-D04 as of 199401.|
B12-G01B1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antioxidoreductase*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D05+ as of 199401.|
B12-G01B2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antitransferase*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D06+ as of 199401.|
B12-G01B3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antihydrolase*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D07+ as of 199401.|
B12-G01B4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antilyase*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D08 as of 199401.|
B12-G01B5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antiisomerase*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D09 as of 199401.|
B12-G01B6|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antiligase (antisynthetase)*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D10 as of 199401.|
B12-G02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Choleretic and liver*||*Code retired, searched under B14-N12 as of 199401.|
B12-G03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Diuretic and kidney*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F02E; B14-N10 as of 199401. For urinary tract infections see B12-A01.|
B12-G04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Hormone adrenocortical*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D01; B14-D01D; B14-D01E; B14-J03 as of 199401. Including Addison's disease treatment (general).|
B12-G04A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Anti-aging, anti-senility, anti-alzheimer's disease*||*Code retired, searched under B14-J01A4 as of 199401. Including non-hormonal treatment.|
B12-G04B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Androgenic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D01A as of 199401.|
B12-G04C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Oestrogenic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D01B as of 199401.|
B12-G04D|Retired|(1986-1993)|Progestational*||*Code retired, searched under B14-D01C as of 199401.|
B12-G05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Leukaemia treatment*||*Code retired, searched under B14-H01A as of 199401.|
B12-G06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Thyroid agent*||*Code retired, searched under B14-N11 as of 199401.|
B12-G07|Retired|(1963-1993)|Tumour-inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under B14-H01; B14-H01B as of 199401.|
B12-H|Current||Blood active type|||
B12-H01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antianaemic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F03 as of 199401.|
B12-H02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Anticoagulant*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F04 as of 199401.|
B12-H03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antilipaemic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F06; B14-F07 as of 199401.|
B12-H04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Coagulant*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F08 as of 199401.|
B12-H05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Hypoglycaemic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F09; B14-F10 as of 199401.|
B12-H06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Plasma and blood substitutes*||*Code retired, searched under B14-F11 as of 199401.|
B12-J|Current||Gastrointestinal active type|||
B12-J01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Anabolic agent, nutritional, achlorhydria treatment (humans)*||*Code retired, searched under B14-E10+; B14-E11 as of 199401.|
B12-J02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Anorectic, antisecretory*||*Code retired, searched under  B14-E07; B14-E12 as of 199401.|
B12-J03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antacid*||*Code retired, searched under B14-E01; B14-E03 as of 199401.|
B12-J04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antidiarrhoeal, antihaemorrhoidal*||*Code retired, searched under B14-E02; B14-E04 as of 199401.|
B12-J05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antidote general*||*Code retired, searched under B14-M01; B14-M01C as of 199401.|
B12-J05A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Alcoholism treatment*||*Code retired, searched under B14-M01A as of 199401.|
B12-J05B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antismoking*||*Code retired, searched under B14-M01B as of 199401.|
B12-J05C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Anti-heavy metal poisoning*||*Code retired, searched under B14-M01D as of 199401.|
B12-J05D|Retired|(1986-1993)|Pesticide or herbicide antidote*||*Code retired, searched under B14-M01 as of 199401.|
B12-J05E|Retired|(1986-1993)|Protecting plants from poisons*||*Code retired, searched under B14-M01F as of 199401.|
B12-J06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Emetic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-E06 as of 199401.|
B12-J07|Retired|(1963-1993)|Laxative*||*Code retired, searched under B14-E09 as of 199401.|
B12-J08|Retired|(1986-1993)|Bone disorder treatment, osteoporosis*||*Code retired, searched under B14-N01 as of 199401. Excluding arthritis treatment (B12-D03) and bone marrow cell disorders (B12-G05)). For osteoporosis prior to 198601 search B12-J01.|
B12-K|Current||Diagnostics, respiratory active type|||
B12-K01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antitussive*||*Code retired, searched under B14-K01B as of 199401.|
B12-K02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Bronchodilator*||*Code retired, searched under B14-K01D as of 199401.|
B12-K03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Contraceptive*||*Code retired, searched under B14-P01+ as of 199401.|
B12-K04|Old|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis and testing [general]||This section is used for coding substances which are stated to be detecting agents. e.g. a new antibody used for detecting cancer is coded under B04-G and B12-K04A1 only. When the procedure for detecting is described as novel, then the corresponding B11-C07 and B11-C08 codes are also applied.|
B12-K04|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis and testing [general]||This section is used for coding substances which are stated to be detecting agents: e.g. a new antibody used for detecting cancer is coded under B04-G and B12-K04G2A only. When the procedure for detecting is descibed as novel, then the corresponding B11-C07 and B11-C08 codes are also applied. As of 201601, subsection B12-K04A has been retired and the codes reorganised and expanded in new subsection B12-K04G.|
B12-K04A|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of diseases or conditions in animals general*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G. Including detection of glucose in blood and ethanol in breath.|
B12-K04A1|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of tumors, cancer*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G2A.|
B12-K04A10|Retired|(2015-2015)|Diagnosis or detection of endocrine and hormonal diseases*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G2H. Diagnosis or detection of endocrine and hormonal diseases including thyroid diseases.|
B12-K04A2|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of heart and circulatory disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G2B.|
B12-K04A3|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of genetic disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G2C.|
B12-K04A4|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of microbial infections*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G1A.|
B12-K04A4A|Retired|(2005-2015)|Detection of viral diseases*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G1B.|
B12-K04A4B|Retired|(2005-2015)|Detection of bacterial diseases*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G1C.|
B12-K04A4C|Retired|(2005-2015)|Detection of fungal diseases*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G1D.|
B12-K04A5|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of CNS disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G2D.|
B12-K04A6|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of pregnancy, testing or measuring sex hormone levels and estrus cycle*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G2E.|
B12-K04A7|Retired|(2006-2015)|Detection of parasites*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G1E. Including protozoa and helminths.|
B12-K04A8|Retired|(2007-2015)|Diagnosis of immunological disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G2F.|
B12-K04A9|Retired|(2012-2015)|Diagnosis of respiratory disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with B12-K04G2G. Includes detection of diseases such as anoxia, cystic fibrosis and bronchitis.|
B12-K04B|Current|(1986-    )|In-vivo radiopharmaceutical diagnostics||Excludes in-vivo X-ray and MRI diagnostics which are coded in B12-K07 and other types of in-vivo imaging which are coded in B12-K04C.|
B12-K04C|Current|(1986-    )|In-vivo imaging (other than by X-ray or radiopharmaceuticals)||Including imaging of complete organs, cells e.g. cancer cells, or other biological molecules within a whole body rather than a sample.|
B12-K04C1|Current|(1994-    )|Ultrasonics|B12-K04C||
B12-K04C2|Current|(1994-    )|NMR|B12-K04C||
B12-K04C3|Old|(2007-2013)|Positron emission tomography|B12-K04C||
B12-K04C3|Current|(2014-    )|Tomography||Includes PET (positron emission tomography)|
B12-K04D|Current|(1986-    )|Testing for plant disorders or diseases|||
B12-K04E|Current|(1986-    )|Testing for substances other than for diseases||Not in body fluids.|
B12-K04E1|Current|(2005-    )|Drug discovery process|||
B12-K04E2|Current|(2005-    )|Environmental testing||Includes testing for contaminants in rivers.|
B12-K04E3|Current|(2007-    )|Other drug testing|B12-K04E|Includes quality control|
B12-K04F|Current|(1994-    )|Tests involving nucleic acid, hybridisation probes etc.|B12-K04, B12-K04A||
B12-K04G|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of diseases or conditions in animals general||Including detection of glucose in blood and ethanol in breath. Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A.|
B12-K04G1|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of infections and exogenous disorders|||
B12-K04G1A|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of microbial diseases general and other||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A4.|
B12-K04G1B|Current|(2016-    )|Detection of viral diseases||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A4A.|
B12-K04G1C|Current|(2016-    )|Detection of bacterial diseases||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A4B.|
B12-K04G1D|Current|(2016-    )|Detection of fungal diseases||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A4C.|
B12-K04G1E|Current|(2016-    )|Detection of parasites||Including protozoa and helminths. Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A7.|
B12-K04G2|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of endogenous disorders general and other|||
B12-K04G2A|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of tumors, cancer||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A1.|
B12-K04G2B|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of heart and circulatory disorders||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A2.|
B12-K04G2C|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of genetic disorders||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A3.|
B12-K04G2D|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of CNS disorders||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A5.|
B12-K04G2E|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of pregnancy, testing or measuring sex hormone levels and estrus cycle||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A6.|
B12-K04G2F|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of immunological disorders||Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A8.|
B12-K04G2G|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of respiratory disorders||Includes detection of diseases such as anoxia, cystic fibrosis and bronchitis. Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A9.|
B12-K04G2H|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of endocrine and hormonal diseases||Including thyroid diseases. Prior to 201601, searched as B12-K04A10.|
B12-K04G2I|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders|||
B12-K04G2J|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of renal and urological disorders|||
B12-K05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Expectorant*||*Code retired, searched under B14-K01E as of 199401.|
B12-K06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Respiratory active*||*Code retired, searched under B14-K01; B14-K01C as of 199401.|
B12-K07|Old|(    -2009)|X-ray contrast medium|||
B12-K07|Current|(2010-    )|Contrast agents and medium||Prior to 2010, this code covered X-ray contrast media only. Includes X-ray and MRI agents and media. Does not include radiopharmaceuticals (coded in B12-K04B) and other in-vivo imaging (coded in B12-K04C).|
B12-L|Current||Cosmetic preparation type|||
B12-L01|Retired|(1963-1993)|Antiperspirant*||*Code retired, searched under B14-03 as of 199401.|
B12-L02|Retired|(1963-1993)|Cosmetic*||*Code retired, searched under B14-R01 as of 199401.|
B12-L03|Retired|(1963-1993)|Dental agent*||*Code retired, searched under B14-N06 as of 199401.|
B12-L04|Retired|(1963-1993)|Ear, nose, eye mouth and throat preparation*||*Code retired, searched under B14-N02; B14-N03; B14-N04; B14-N05 as of 199401.|
B12-L05|Retired|(1963-1993)|Hair preparation*||*Code retired, searched under B14-R02 as of 199401.|
B12-L06|Retired|(1963-1993)|Insect repellent*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B05 as of 199401.|
B12-L07|Retired|(1963-1993)|Perfume*||*Code retired, searched under B14-R04 as of 199401.|
B12-L08|Retired|(1963-1993)|Sunscreen agent*||*Code retired, searched under B14-R05 as of 199401.|
B12-L09|Retired|(1963-1993)|Veterinary*||*Code retired, searched under B14-S12 as of 199401.|
B12-L10|Retired|(1966-1993)|Agricultural composition [general]*||*Code retired, discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-M|Current||Formulations type||Codes in this section are applied only when the formulation is the main feature of the invention, or ingredients are not specified.|
B12-M01|Current||Aerosol, inhalent, smoke [general]|||
B12-M01A|Current|(1986-    )|Aerosol|||
B12-M01B|Current|(1986-    )|Inhalent|||
B12-M01B1|Current|(2005-    )|Dry powder inhaler||A dry powder inhaler (DPI) is similar to a metered dose inhaler, but is breath-activated, so the patient does not have to co-ordinate activation of the inhaler with inhalation of medicament.|
B12-M01B2|Current|(2005-    )|Multidose inhaler||A different type of inhaler that is also breath-activated. Used to deliver many smaller doses to make up the full required dosage.|
B12-M01B3|Current|(2005-    )|Nebulizer||A device which is used to administer a solution of drug in the form of a fine mist for you to inhale. Air is forced through the drug solution in the drug chamber, changing the liquid into a fine mist which is breathed in through a mask or mouthpiece.|
B12-M01B4|Current|(2008-    )|Metered dose inhaler|||
B12-M01C|Current|(1986-    )|Smoke|||
B12-M01D|Retired|(2002-2006)|Intranasal*||*Code retired, searched under B14-M12Q as of 199401.|
B12-M01E|Current|(2005-    )|Other gaseous forms|||
B12-M02|Current||Cream, ointment, plaster|||
B12-M02A|Current|(1986-    )|Toothpaste, toothpowder||From 198601 B12-L03 is not additionally applied.|
B12-M02B|Current|(1986-    )|Ointment,cream,lotion,liniment||Includes liniment, balm and other general oil-based formulations|
B12-M02C|Current|(1986-    )|Cataplasm, poultice||Applying heat.|
B12-M02D|Old|(1986-2005)|Sticking plaster, bandage||Excluding B12-M02C.|
B12-M02D|Current|(1986-   )|Adhesive sheet, sticking plaster, bandage, gauze||From 2006, the scope of this code has been extended to cover adhesive sheets in addition to sticking plasters and bandages. Also includes gauze. Excluding B12-M02C.|
B12-M02E|Current|(1986-    )|Dusting powder||Topical use only.|
B12-M02F|Current|(1986-    )|Transdermal||Administration of a drug through dermal or mucosal membrane. Includes microneedles|
B12-M02G|Current|(2006-    )|Gels/hydrogels|||
B12-M03|Current||Emulsion|||
B12-M04|Current||Packaging material, apparatus||This code is used in conjunction with only the 11-C, 11-C01, 11-C07, 11-C08 and 11-C09 sub-sections of B11.|
B12-M05|Current||Pharmaceutical composition [general]|||
B12-M06|Current||Formulations type - preservative|||
B12-M07|Current||Formulations type - solution|||
B12-M08|Current||Formulations type - suppository||Also includes pessaries|
B12-M09|Current||Formulations type - surfactant|||
B12-M10|Current||Sustained and delayed release [general]|||
B12-M10A|Current|(1986-    )|Sustained release (general)||Active ingredient is gradually released|
B12-M10A1|Current|(2005-    )|Osmotic pump||Similar to a reservoir device but with an osmotic agent added (typically the active agent in salt form) which causes pressure generation that forces out the active agent.|
B12-M10A2|Current|(2005-    )|Reservoir devices||Active drug core encapsulated within a polymer film or coat through which it diffuses.|
B12-M10A3|Current|(2005-    )|Multi-layer tablet type||Variation on the matrix device in which the matrix is coated so as to modify the hydration/swelling of the core and so reduce the surface area available for drug delivery.|
B12-M10A4|Current|(2005-    )|Other matrix devices||Drug is present as a dispersion within a polymer matrix. Also known as monolithic devices. Not used for the multi-layer tablet type (in which matrix is fully or partially coated) or for externally stimulated devices.|
B12-M10A5|Current|(2005-    )|Pendant devices||Active is bound to polymer, from which it is released by hydrolytic enzymes in the body.|
B12-M10A6|Current|(2005-    )|Dual release devices||Typically soft gelatin capsules designed to provide an initial burst of drug followed by a steady release of the remainder. Consists of an inner aqueous matrix and outer lipophilic matrix.|
B12-M10A7|Current|(2005-    )|Nanotechnology devices||Use of nanotechnology to deliver drugs to specific sites and control their release at that point.|
B12-M10B|Current|(1986-    )|Delayed release||This term is usually associated with enterically coated tablets which prevent the contents from being released until a drug reaches the intestines.|
B12-M10C|Current|(2002-    )|Rapid release|||
B12-M10D|Current|(2005-    )|Pulsed release||Active drug core coated with specific polymers and agents, where active is released in a drug pulse after a time lag.|
B12-M10E|Current|(2005-    )|Site-specific release general||Drug bound to /or encased in a bio-polymer or other active substance in order to facilitate it's transfer through the cell wall. This ensures the drug is delivered to the specific cells it needs to reach.|
B12-M10E1|Current|(2005-    )|Using liposomes||A site-specific release form in which the drug is encased within a liposome.|
B12-M10E2|Current|(2005-    )|Using antibodies||A site-specific release form in which the drug is bound to an antibody.|
B12-M10E3|New|(2017-    )|Using nucleic acids||A site-specific release form in which the drug is bound to nucleic acid.|
B12-M10F|Current|(2005-    )|Externally stimulated devices (e.g. electrically or ultrasonically)||Any controlled release device in which the release of the drug is by an external stimulus. May be used in conjunction with other B12-M10 codes.|
B12-M11|Current||Tablets, capsules etc. [general]|||
B12-M11A|Current|(1986-    )|Anticaking|||
B12-M11B|Current|(1986-    )|Tablet (pressed)|||
B12-M11C|Current|(1986-    )|Capsule||Excluding microcapsule.|
B12-M11D|Current|(1986-    )|PELLET, PRILL, GRANULE, PARTICLE||Excluding B12-M11B|
B12-M11E|Current|(1986-    )|Microcapsule||Excluding B12-M11F.|
B12-M11F|Current|(1986-    )|Liposomes/Niosomes||Includes non-ionic surfactant-based liposomes when site specific release is not mentioned. Includes micelles|
B12-M11G|Current|(1986-    )|Powder|||
B12-M11H|Current|(1986-    )|Polymorphic form||Used when any polymorphic form is the novel feature of the invention|
B12-M11H1|Current|(2006-    )|Special amorphous form|||
B12-M11H2|Current|(2010-    )|Crystalline form||Used when any crystalline form is the novel feature of the invention|
B12-M11J|Current|(1994-    )|Effervescent Formulation||Includes effervescent tablets and effervescent granules|
B12-M11K|Current|(1994-    )|Tablet with two or more coating layers|B12-M11B||
B12-M11L|Old|(2002-2014)|Water-soluble tablet|||
B12-M11L|Current|(2015-    )|Water soluble formulation||Includes water soluble tablets and water soluble granules.|
B12-M11M|Current|(2005-    )|Chewable formulation|||
B12-M11N|Current|(2006-    )|Microparticle|||
B12-M11P|Current|(2006-    )|Lyophilized form||Also includes freeze dried forms.|
B12-M11Q|Old|(2008-2013)|Nanoparticles||previously coded as microparticles|
B12-M11Q|Current|(2014-    )|Nanoformulations||Includes nanoparticles.|
B12-M11R|Current|(2009-    )|Coated form general and other||Tablets with two or more coating layers are coded under B12-M11K|
B12-M11R1|Current|(2009-    )|Coated capsules|||
B12-M11R2|Current|(2009-    )|Coated microparticles|||
B12-M11R3|Current|(2012-    )|Coated tablets|||
B12-M11S|Current|(2011-    )|Foam formulation|||
B12-M11T|Current|(2014-    )|LOZENGE|||
B12-M11U|Current|(2016-    )|Dual dosage forms||e.g. tablet in capsule / pellet in capsule. To be searched alongside the B12 codes for each individual dosage component.|
B12-M11V|Current|(2016-    )|Colloidal form||May be searched with other code(s) from B12-M.|
B12-M11Z|Current|(2015-    )|Pro-formulation||Additional code to indicate the pro-form of a formulation e.g. pro-liposomes. Applied in conjunction with other B12-M11 codes.|
B12-M12|Current|(2005-    )|Mode of administration|||
B12-M12A|Current|(2005-    )|Buccal, sublingual|||
B12-M12B|Current|(2005-    )|External, topical|||
B12-M12C|Current|(2005-    )|Injection|||
B12-M12D|Current|(2005-    )|Infusion|||
B12-M12E|Current|(2005-    )|Intraarterial|||
B12-M12F|Current|(2005-    )|Intravenous|||
B12-M12G|Current|(2005-    )|Intraaural|||
B12-M12H|Current|(2005-    )|Intraocular|||
B12-M12J|Current|(2005-    )|Intramuscular|||
B12-M12K|Current|(2005-    )|Subcutaneous|||
B12-M12L|Current|(2005-    )|Intrauterine|||
B12-M12M|Current|(2005-    )|Intravaginal|||
B12-M12N|Current|(2005-    )|Oral general|||
B12-M12P|Current|(2005-    )|Rectal general|||
B12-M12Q|Current|(2006-    )|Intranasal|||
B12-M12R|Current|(2012-    )|Intrathecal|||
B12-M12S|Current|(2013-    )|Intraarticular|||
B12-M12T|Current|(2013-    )|Intramedular||Intramedular/intramedullary|
B12-M12U|Current|(2013-    )|Intraperitoneal|||
B12-M12V|Current|(2015-    )|EPIDURAL||Mode of administration is through spinal cord.|
B12-M12W|New|(2017-    )|Intravesical||Injecting drugs directly to urinary bladder.|
B12-M12Z|Current|(2011-    )|Specific treatment regime||Includes sequential administration of drugs and tapered dosing regimes.|
B12-M14|Current|(2005-    )|Suspensions, dispersions|||
B12-M15|Current|(2005-    )|Film, Sheet||Includes laminates.|
B12-M16|Current|(2005-    )|Prosthesis|||
B12-M17|Current|(2005-    )|Surgical sponge, tampon|||
B12-M18|Current|(2005-    )|Encapsulation|||
B12-M19|Current|(2006-    )|Gene delivery methods|||
B12-M19A|Current|(2006-    )|Gene delivery by viral methods|||
B12-M19B|Current|(2006-    )|Gene delivery by non-viral methods|||
B12-M20|Current|(2007-    )|Taste masking agent|||
B12-M21|Current|(2007-    )|Absorbent, accelerator|||
B12-M22|Current|(2008-    )|Formulations to prevent drugs from being abused|||
B12-N|Current||Pesticides, fertilizers|||
B12-N01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Pesticides [general]*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B01 as of 199401.|
B12-N02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Insecticides*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B04B as of 199401.|
B12-N03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Lures, baits etc.*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B14 as of 199401.|
B12-N04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Molluscicide, slugicide*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B12 as of 199401.|
B12-N05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Rodenticide*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B09 as of 199401. Including birds etc. prior to 199401, thereafter birds coded separately as B14-B10.|
B12-N06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Rodent repellent*||*Code retired, searched under B14-B13 as of 199401. Including birds etc.|
B12-N07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Soil fumigants, sterilants and seed protectants*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-N08|Retired|(1965-1993)|Soil improving (other than nutrients) synthetic growth media*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-N09|Retired|(1965-1993)|Soil nutrients*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-N10|Retired|(1965-1993)|Soil nutrients (others)*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P|Current||Plant growth regulant type|||
B12-P01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Plant growth regulants [general]*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Defoliants, desiccants, chemical mowing*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Fruit drop and set, thinning of fruit*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Growth stimulants, phytohormones*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Herbicide (total and general)*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Herbicide (selective)*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Moss, lichen controlling*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P08|Retired|(1965-1993)|Rooting cpds. (rhizogenes)*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P09|Retired|(1965-1993)|Sprouting inhibitors, seed germination inhibitors, growth inhibitors*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-P10|Retired|(1965-1993)|Moisture conservation (mulches)*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 199401.|
B12-Q01|Old|(2006-2015)|Pharmacogenomics|||
B12-Q01|Current|(2016-    )|Targeted therapies||Includes pharmacogenomics, precision medicine and personalised medicine.|
B12-Q01A|Current|(2006-    )|Pharmacogenomics General|||
B12-R|Current|(2009-    )|Formulation specifically excluding one or more components||e.g. analgesic formulation specifically excluding aspirin. The component(s) excluded is/are not coded in sections B01-B10.|
B14|Old|(1963-2011)|Pharmaceutical activities||When a patent refers to a drug's mode of action and lists a number of activities associated with it, only the mode of action is coded.|
B14|Current|(2012-    )|Pharmaceutical activities||To extend the B14 cancer code hierarchy rules to other disease classes: i.e. if a drug treats a class of diseases (e.g. CNS disorders), particularly one specific disease (e.g. Parkinson's or Alzheimer's), we should use both the general and specific codes.|
B14-A|Current||Antimicrobials|||
B14-A01|Current|(1994-    )|Antibacterial [general]|B12-A01||
B14-A01A|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-negative genera, general and other|B12-A01||
B14-A01A1|Current|(1994-    )|Bordetella|B12-A01|e.g. B. pertussis (causes whooping cough).|
B14-A01A2|Current|(1994-    )|Borrelia|B12-A01|e.g. B. burgdorferi (causes Lyme disease).|
B14-A01A3|Current|(1994-    )|Escherichia|B12-A01|e.g. E. coli.|
B14-A01A4|Current|(1994-    )|Mycoplasma|B12-A01|e.g.M. pneumoniae, M. mycoides.|
B14-A01A5|Current|(1994-    )|Neisseria|B12-A05|e.g. N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis.|
B14-A01A6|Current|(1994-    )|Pseudomonas|B12-A01|e.g. P. aeruginosa, P. mallei.|
B14-A01A7|Current|(1994-    )|Rickettsia|B12-A01|e.g. R. prowazekii (causes typhus).|
B14-A01A8|Current|(1994-    )|Salmonella|B12-A01|e.g. S. typhi (causes typhoid fever).|
B14-A01A9|Current|(1994-    )|Vibrio|B12-A01|e.g. V. cholerae, V. parahaemoliticus.|
B14-A01B|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-positive genera, general and other|B12-A01||
B14-A01B1|Current|(1994-    )|Mycobacteria|B12-A01, B12-A03, B12-A04|e.g. M. tuberculosis, M.bovis, M. leprae, M. phlei.|
B14-A01B1A|Current|(2005-    )|Antibacterial - m. Tuberculosis|||
B14-A01B1B|Current|(2005-    )|Antibacterial - m. Leprae|||
B14-A01B2|Current|(1994-    )|Streptococcus|B12-A01|e.g. S. pyogenes, S. faecalis, S. pneumoniae (pneumococci), S. lactis.|
B14-A01B3|Current|(1994-    )|Streptomyces|B12-A01|e.g. S. griseus, S. scabies.|
B14-A01B4|Current|(1994-    )|Staphylococcus|B12-A01|e.g. S. aureus, S. epidermitidis.|
B14-A01B5|Current|(2006-    )|Bacillus||e.g. B. anthracis, B. cereus|
B14-A01X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant bacteria||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section B14-A01.|
B14-A02|Current|(1994-    )|Antiviral [general]|B12-A06||
B14-A02A|Current|(1994-    )|DNA viruses general and other|B12-A06||
B14-A02A1|Current|(1994-    )|Adenovirus|B12-A06||
B14-A02A2|Current|(1994-    )|Arbovirus|B12-A06||
B14-A02A3|Current|(1994-    )|Herpesvirus|B12-A06|e.g. cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, chicken pox.|
B14-A02A4|Current|(1994-    )|Poxvirus|B12-A06||
B14-A02A5|Current|(1994-    )|Hepatitis B virus|B12-A06, B12-G02||
B14-A02A6|Current|(1994-    )|Papovavirus|B12-A06|E.g. papilloma.|
B14-A02A7|Retired|(2002-2014)|Hepatitis C treatment*||*Code retired, searched under B14-A02B9 as of 201501.|
B14-A02A8|Current|(2002-    )|Hepatitis D treatment|||
B14-A02A9|Current|(2005-    )|Antiviral - parvovirus|||
B14-A02B|Current|(1994-    )|RNA viruses general and other|B12-A06||
B14-A02B0|Current|(2014-    )|Calcivirus||e.g. norovirus, lagovirus, sapovirus, feline calcivirus|
B14-A02B1|Current|(1994-    )|Retrovirus|B12-A06, B12-G05, B12-G07|Including leuco- and oncoviruses, T-cell leukemia virus, HIV, Rous sarcoma. Non-antiviral AIDS treatment is coded B14-G01B.|
B14-A02B2|Current|(1994-    )|(Para/ortho)myxovirus|B12-A06|Including Influenza and mumps. In non-antiviral treatments other codes may be applied, e.g. antipyretic drug for treating 'flu is coded B14-C04 only.|
B14-A02B3|Current|(1994-    )|Picornavirus|B12-A06, B12-G02|Including entero-, rhino-, polio-, cold, hepatitis A. For hepatitis B see B14-A02A5. When treatment against cold is directed against symptoms, other codes may be applied, e.g. antiinflammatory drug for treating common cold is coded B14-C03 only.|
B14-A02B4|Current|(1994-    )|Rhabdovirus|B12-A06|Including rabies.|
B14-A02B5|Current|(1994-    )|Coronavirus|B12-A06||
B14-A02B6|Current|(1994-    )|Togavirus|B12-A06|Including rubella.|
B14-A02B7|Current|(1994-    )|Reovirus|B12-A06|e.g. rotavirus.|
B14-A02B9|Old|(2005-2014)|Antiviral - flavivirus||Includes Yellow Fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Hepatitis G virus and West Nile virus. Excludes Hepatitis C virus (coded B14-A02A7).|
B14-A02B9|Current|(2015-    )|Flavivirus||Includes Yellow Fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Hepatitis C and G and West Nile Virus. Prior to 201501, Hepatitis C was coded B14-A02A7.|
B14-A02X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant viruses||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section B14-A02.|
B14-A03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiprotozoal general and other|B12-B04||
B14-A03A|Current|(1994-    )|Amoebicide|B12-B01||
B14-A03B|Current|(1994-    )|Antimalarial|B12-B03|Plasmodium is the malarial parasite.|
B14-A03C|Current|(1994-    )|Coccidiostat|B12-B05|Includes Eimeria and Isospora.|
B14-A03D|Current|(1994-    )|Trichomonicide, histomonicide|B12-B04||
B14-A03E|Current|(1994-    )|Trypanocide|B12-B07|i.e. Sleeping sickness.|
B14-A03F|Current|(2005-    )|Other antiprotozoal|||
B14-A03X|Current|(2014-    )|Combating resistant protozoa||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section B14-A03.|
B14-A04|Current|(1994-    )|Antifungal general and other|||
B14-A04A|Current|(1994-    )|Aspergillus|B12-A02C||
B14-A04B|Current|(1994-    )|Candida|B12-A02C|This organism commonly causes thrush.|
B14-A04C|Current|(1994-    )|Trichophyton, microsporum|B12-A02C|This code covers treatment of e.g. ringworm, tinea, Athlete's foot.|
B14-A04X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant fungi||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section B14-A04.|
B14-A05|Current|(1994-    )|Antialgal|B12-A02A||
B14-B|Current||Pesticides and other antiparasitics|||
B14-B01|Current|(1994-    )|Pesticide [general]|B12-N01|This code is applied only when type is unspecified or general.|
B14-B02|Current|(1994-    )|Antiparasitic [general]|B12-B04|This code is applied only when type is unspecified or general.|
B14-B03|Current|(1994-    )|Vermicide, antihelmintic general and other|B12-B02||
B14-B03A|Current|(1994-    )|Nematocide|B12-B02|Including threadworm.|
B14-B03B|Current|(1994-    )|Schistosomicide|B12-B06||
B14-B03C|Current|(1994-    )|Tapeworm|B12-B02||
B14-B03D|Current|(2005-    )|Distomicide, other fluke|||
B14-B04|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropodicide general and other|B12-N01|Includes crustacicide, arachnicide and millipede killing.|
B14-B04A|Current|(1994-    )|Acaricide|B12-B04|Includes tickicides and miticides.|
B14-B04B|Current|(1994-    )|Insecticide general and other|B12-N02||
B14-B04B1|Current|(1994-    )|Coleoptera|B12-N02|Covers beetle killing.|
B14-B04B2|Current|(1994-    )|Dictyoptera|B12-N02|Includes cockroach and termite killing.|
B14-B04B3|Current|(1994-    )|Diptera|B12-N02|Includes house fly, mosquito and gnat killing.|
B14-B04B4|Current|(1994-    )|Ephemeroptera|B12-N02|Includes mayfly killing.|
B14-B04B5|Current|(1994-    )|Hemiptera|B12-N02|Includes aphid killing.|
B14-B04B6|Current|(1994-    )|Hymenoptera|B12-N02|Includes bee, wasp and ant killing.|
B14-B04B7|Current|(1994-    )|Lepidoptera|B12-N02|Covers butterfly and moth killing.|
B14-B04B8|Current|(1994-    )|Orthoptera|B12-N02|Includes locust killing.|
B14-B04B9|Current|(1994-    )|Siphonaptera|B12-N02|Includes flea killing.|
B14-B04X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant arthropods||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section B14-B04.|
B14-B05|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropod repellent|B12-L06|Covers Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, millipedes, ticks and mites|
B14-B06|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropod attractant|B12-N03|Covers Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, millipedes, ticks and mites|
B14-B07|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropod sterilant|B12-K03|Covers Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, millipedes, ticks and mites|
B14-B08|Current|(1994-    )|Antilichen|B12-A02B||
B14-B09|Current|(1994-    )|Rodenticide|B12-N05||
B14-B10|Current|(1994-    )|Avicide|B12-N05||
B14-B11|Current|(1994-    )|Piscicide|B12-N05||
B14-B12|Current|(1994-    )|Molluscicide|B12-N04|Includes gastropodicides, slug, snail, bivalve and octopus killing.|
B14-B13|Current|(1994-    )|Animal repellent (other than insect)|B12-N06||
B14-B14|Current|(1994-    )|Lures, bates (other than insect pheromones)|B12-N03||
B14-C|Current||Anaesthetics and drugs relieving fever, inflammation and pain|||
B14-C01|Current|(1994-    )|Analgesic|B12-D01|This code is used when the action of the analgesic is very wide or unspecified. A more specific code is applied where possible, e.g. analgesic for treating dysmenorrhea only is coded under B14-N14 only.|
B14-C02|Current|(1994-    )|Antigout|B12-D07, B12-G03||
B14-C03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiinflammatory [general]|B12-D07|This code is used for treatment of general oedema or inflammation. Specific inflammation treatments are coded elsewhere when possible e.g. Bronchitis is coded B14-K01 only, colitis as B14-E10C only etc.|
B14-C04|Current|(1994-    )|Antipyretic|B12-D08||
B14-C05|Current|(1994-    )|Antihypothermia|B12-D08||
B14-C06|Current|(1994-    )|Antirheumatic|B12-D09||
B14-C07|Current|(1994-    )|General anaesthetic|B12-C01||
B14-C08|Current|(1994-    )|Local anaesthetic|B12-C02||
B14-C09|Current|(1994-    )|Antiarthritic general and other|B12-D03||
B14-C09A|Current|(1994-    )|Osteoarthritis|B12-D03||
B14-C09B|Current|(1994-    )|Rheumatoid-arthritis|B12-D03||
B14-D|Current||Hormonal, antihormonal, enzyme inhibitors||*These codes are also used for agonist/mimetic or receptor agonist/mimetic activities. **These codes are also used for antagonist/inhibitor or receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities, e.g. aldosterone receptor antagonist is coded B14-D02A1. See section B14-L for other agonist/antagonist activities.|
B14-D01|Current|(1994-    )|Hormonal general and other*|B12-G04||
B14-D01A|Current|(1994-    )|Androgenic*|B12-G04B||
B14-D01B|Current|(1994-    )|Oestrogenic*|B12-G04C||
B14-D01C|Current|(1994-    )|Progestational*|B12-G04D||
B14-D01D|Current|(1994-    )|Other steroid*|B12-G04||
B14-D01E|Current|(1994-    )|Peptide hormone activity*|B12-G04||
B14-D01E1|Current|(2005-    )|Melanocortin agonists||Adrenocorticotropic hormone agonist.|
B14-D01E2|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone agonists|||
B14-D02|Current|(1994-    )|Antihormonal general and other**|B12-G01A||
B14-D02A|Current|(1994-    )|Antisteroid general and other**|B12-G01A||
B14-D02A1|Current|(1994-    )|Antialdosterone**|B12-G01A||
B14-D02A2|Current|(1994-    )|Anticholesterol**|B12-H03||
B14-D02A3|Current|(2005-    )|Antiestrogenic||This code also covers estrogenic antagonist/inhibitor activity and estrogen receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
B14-D02A4|Current|(2005-    )|Antiprogestational||This code also covers progestational antagonist/inhibitor activity and progestational receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
B14-D02A5|Current|(2005-    )|Antiandrogenic||This code also covers androgenic antagonist/inhibitor activity and androgen receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
B14-D02A6|Current|(2005-    )|Other antisteroid hormone||This code also covers other steroid antagonist/inhibitor activity and other steroid receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
B14-D02B|Current|(1994-    )|Antipeptide hormone**|B12-G01A||
B14-D02B1|Current|(2005-    )|Melanocortin antagonists|||
B14-D02B2|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone antagonists|||
B14-D03|Current|(1994-    )|Enzyme inhibitors general and other|B12-G01B||
B14-D04|Current|(1994-    )|Coenzyme inhibitors|B12-G01B||
B14-D05|Current|(1994-    )|Antioxidoreductases general and other|B12-G01B1||
B14-D05A|Current|(1994-    )|Antioxidases|B12-G01B1||
B14-D05B|Current|(1994-    )|Antiperoxidases|B12-G01B1||
B14-D05C|Current|(1994-    )|Antioxygenases|B12-G01B1||
B14-D05D|Current|(1994-    )|Antidehydrogenases, antireductases|B12-G01B1||
B14-D06|Current|(1994-    )|Antitransferases general and other|B12-G01B2|Includes HIV integrase inhibitor.|
B14-D06A|Current|(1994-    )|Antidna/rna polymerase|B12-G01B2||
B14-D06B|Current|(1994-    )|Antireverse transcriptase|B12-G01B2||
B14-D06C|Current|(2005-    )|Antikinase|||
B14-D07|Current|(1994-    )|Antihydrolases general and other|B12-G01B3||
B14-D07A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiesterases|B12-G01B3|Including lipase, nuclease, restriction enzyme, sulphatase, phosphatase inhibitors.|
B14-D07A1|Current|(2005-    )|Phosphodiesterase inhibitors|||
B14-D07B|Current|(1994-    )|Antiglycosidases|B12-G01B3|Including amylase, cellulase, lactase inhibitors.|
B14-D07C|Current|(1994-    )|Antiproteases, antipeptide hydrolases general|B12-G01B3|Including chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, fibrinolysin, renin collagenases, elastases inhibitors. Renin inhibitor used as hypotensive is coded B14-F02B1 only.|
B14-D07C1|Current|(2005-    )|Metalloprotease inhibitors|||
B14-D08|Current|(1994-    )|Antilyases|B12-G01B4|Including adenyl cyclases, (de)carboxylases, aldolases, dehydratases inhibitors.|
B14-D09|Current|(1994-    )|Antiisomerases|B12-G01B5|Including racemases, tautomerases, epimerases, mutases inhibitors.|
B14-D10|Current|(1994-    )|Antiligases|B12-G01B6|Including synthetases, some carboxylases inhibitors.|
B14-E|Current||Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal system|||
B14-E01|Current|(1994-    )|Antacid|B12-J03||
B14-E02|Current|(1994-    )|Antidiarrhoeal|B12-J04||
B14-E03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiflatulent|B12-J03||
B14-E04|Current|(1994-    )|Antihaemorrhoidal|B12-J04||
B14-E05|Current|(1994-    )|Antiemetic|B12-D05||
B14-E06|Current|(1994-    )|Emetic|B12-J06||
B14-E07|Current|(1994-    )|Gastric secretion inhibitor|B12-J02||
B14-E08|Current|(1994-    )|Ulcer treatment (peptic, gastric, duodenal)|B12-E08|Skin ulcers are coded B14-N17B.|
B14-E09|Current|(1994-    )|Laxative|B12-J07||
B14-E10|Current|(1994-    )|Gastrointestinal dysfunction general and other|B12-J01||
B14-E10A|Current|(1994-    )|Oesophagal|B12-J01||
B14-E10B|Current|(1994-    )|Gastric|B12-J01|Includes gastritis.|
B14-E10C|Current|(1994-    )|Bowel|B12-J01|Including irritable and inflammatory bowel (e.g. IBS), as well as colitis treatment (inflammation of the colon).|
B14-E10C1|Current|(2005-    )|Inflammatory bowel disorders|||
B14-E10D|Current|(1994-    )|Dysentery|B12-B01, B12-A01, B12-A06, B12-J04, B12-J05||
B14-E10E|Current|(2008-    )|Gastrointestinal Flora|||
B14-E11|Current|(1994-    )|Anabolic, anorexia treatment|B12-J01||
B14-E11A|Current|(2005-    )|Anorexia|||
B14-E11B|Current|(2005-    )|Cachexia||Any general reduction in the vitality and/or strength of the body and/or mind as a result of a debilitating chronic illness.|
B14-E11C|Current|(2005-    )|Malnutrition|||
B14-E11D|Current|(2005-    )|Bulimia|||
B14-E12|Current|(1994-    )|Anorectic, obesity treatment (appetite depressant)|B12-J02||
B14-F|Current||Drugs acting on the blood and cardiovascular system||*These codes are also used for agonist/mimetic or receptor agonist/mimetic activities. **These codes are also used for antagonist/inhibitor or receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities. See section B14-L for other agonist/antagonist activities.|
B14-F01|Current|(1994-    )|Cardioactive general and other|B12-F01||
B14-F01A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiarrhythmic|B12-F01A||
B14-F01B|Current|(1994-    )|Cardiac stimulant|B12-F01B|Including treatment of myocardial infarct, myocardial contraction intensifying, cardiotonic, cardiac arrest treatment, cardiac insufficiency treatment.|
B14-F01C|Current|(1994-    )|Cardiac depressant|B12-F01C||
B14-F01D|Current|(1994-    )|Antianginal|B12-F02||
B14-F01E|Current|(1994-    )|Coronary dilator, coronary ischaemia treatment|B12-F02||
B14-F01F|Current|(1994-    )|Ganglion blocker|B12-F03||
B14-F01G|Current|(2002-    )|Restenosis treatment|||
B14-F02|Current|(1994-    )|Circulatory active general and other|B12-E01||
B14-F02A|Current|(1994-    )|Hypertensive (calcium agonists)*|B12-F04||
B14-F02B|Current|(1994-    )|Hypotensive general and other|B12-F05||
B14-F02B1|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin antagonists**|B12-F05A|This code covers renin inhibitors when used as hypotensives.|
B14-F02B2|Current|(1994-    )|Calcium antagonists/entry blockers**|B12-F05B, B12-G01||
B14-F02C|Current|(1994-    )|Vasoconstrictor|B12-F06||
B14-F02D|Current|(1994-    )|Vasodilator, general ischaemia treatment|B12-F07||
B14-F02D1|Current|(1994-    )|Cerebral ischaemia treatment|B12-F07, B12-C10||
B14-F02D2|Current|(1994-    )|Pulmonary ischaemia treatment|B12-K06||
B14-F02E|Current|(1994-    )|Lymphatic disease treatment|B12-G03||
B14-F02F|Current|(2002-    )|Peripheral vascular disorder/angiogenic general|||
B14-F02F1|Current|(2002-    )|Angiogenic|||
B14-F02F2|Current|(2002-    )|Anti-angiogenic|||
B14-F02F3|Current|(2002-    )|Peripheral vascular disorder|||
B14-F03|Current|(1994-    )|Antianaemic|B12-H01|This code covers treatment of blood cell ratio imbalance.|
B14-F04|Current|(1994-    )|Anticoagulant, antiaggregants, thrombolytic|B12-H02||
B14-F05|Current|(1994-    )|Reperfusion treatment|||
B14-F06|Current|(1994-    )|Antilipaemic|B12-H03||
B14-F06A|Current|(2005-    )|Dyslipidemia|||
B14-F06B|Current|(2011-    )|Hypertriglyceremia|||
B14-F07|Current|(1994-    )|Antiarteriosclerotic|B12-H03|Includes atherosclerosis.|
B14-F08|Current|(1994-    )|Coagulant|B12-H04||
B14-F09|Current|(1994-    )|Hypoglycaemic|B12-H05|Treatment of diabetic symptoms is coded B14-S04.|
B14-F10|Current|(1994-    )|Hyperglycaemic|B12-H05||
B14-F11|Current|(1994-    )|Plasma and blood substitutes|B12-H06||
B14-G|Current||Drugs acting on the immune system|||
B14-G01|Current|(1994-    )|Immunostimulant general and other|B12-A01, B12-A06||
B14-G01A|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon inducing|B12-A06|This code is also used for agonist/mimetic or receptor agonist/mimetic activity.|
B14-G01B|Current|(1994-    )|Aids treatment|B12-A06|A drug which combats HIV is coded B14-A02B1.|
B14-G02|Current|(1994-    )|Immunosuppressant general and other|B12-D02||
B14-G02A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiallergic|B12-D02||
B14-G02B|Current|(1994-    )|Antianaphylactic|B12-D02D||
B14-G02C|Current|(1994-    )|Graft/transplant rejection treatment|B12-D02B||
B14-G02D|Current|(1994-    )|Autoimmune disease treatment|B12-D02A||
B14-G03|Current|(1994-    )|Immunomodulatory|B12-A01, B12-A06, B12-D02B||
B14-H|Current||Anticancer drugs||Codes from sections B14-H01D -H01Z are now structured within the hierarchy B14-H01D to B14-H01L below. All document records containing codes introduced in 2005 will be changed to reflect the updated 2006 hierarchy and codes B14-H01M to B14-H01Z will no longer be searchable.|
B14-H00X|Current|(2014-    )|Multi-drug resistant cancers||To be applied in conjunction with other codes from B14-H where the cancer(s) to be treated are stated to be multi-drug resistant.|
B14-H01|Current|(1994-    )|Anticancer general and other|B12-G07||
B14-H01A|Current|(1994-    )|Leukaemia treatment|B12-G05||
B14-H01B|Current|(1994-    )|Antiproliferative, inhibitor of cell division, cytostatic|B12-D07, B12-E08, B12-G07||
B14-H01C|Current|(2005-    )|Dermatological cancers|||
B14-H01D|Current|(2005-    )|Endocrine cancers|||
B14-H01D1|Current|(2006-    )|Breast cancers|||
B14-H01D2|Current|(2006-    )|Thyroid cancers|||
B14-H01E|Current|(2005-    )|Gastrointestinal cancers|||
B14-H01E1|Current|(2006-    )|Colon cancers|||
B14-H01E2|Current|(2006-    )|Oesophageal cancers|||
B14-H01E3|Current|(2006-    )|Gall bladder cancers|||
B14-H01E4|Current|(2006-    )|Intestinal cancers|||
B14-H01E5|Current|(2006-    )|Hepatic cancers|||
B14-H01E6|Current|(2006-    )|Pancreatic cancers|||
B14-H01E7|Current|(2006-    )|Rectal cancers|||
B14-H01E8|Current|(2006-    )|Stomach cancers|||
B14-H01F|Current|(2005-    )|Genitourinary cancers|||
B14-H01F1|Current|(2006-    )|Cervical/uterine cancers|||
B14-H01F2|Current|(2006-    )|Kidney cancers|||
B14-H01F3|Current|(2006-    )|Ovarian cancers|||
B14-H01F4|Current|(2006-    )|Prostate cancers|||
B14-H01F5|Current|(2006-    )|Testicular cancers|||
B14-H01F6|Current|(2006-    )|Bladder cancers|||
B14-H01G|Old|(2005-2005)|Cervical/uterine cancer|||
B14-H01G|Current|(2005-    )|Immunological cancers|||
B14-H01G1|Current|(2006-    )|Hodgkin's lymphoma|||
B14-H01G2|Current|(2006-    )|Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma|||
B14-H01H|Current|(2005-    )|Musculoskeletal cancers|||
B14-H01H1|Current|(2006-    )|Osteo cancers|||
B14-H01H2|Current|(2006-    )|Sarcoma|||
B14-H01J|Current|(2005-    )|Neurological cancers|||
B14-H01J1|Current|(2006-    )|Brain tumours|||
B14-H01K|Current|(2005-    )|Oral and respiratory cancers|||
B14-H01K1|Current|(2006-    )|Buccal cavity and pharynx cancers|||
B14-H01K2|Current|(2006-    )|Larynx cancers|||
B14-H01K3|Current|(2006-    )|Lung cancers|||
B14-H01L|Current|(2005-    )|Other cancers|||
B14-H01L1|Current|(2006-    )|Multiple myelomas|||
B14-H01M|Retired|(2005-2005)|Larynx cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01N|Retired|(2005-2005)|Lung cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01P|Retired|(2005-2005)|Multiple myeloma*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01Q|Retired|(2005-2005)|Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01R|Retired|(2005-2005)|Oesophageal cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01S|Retired|(2005-2005)|Ovarian cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01T|Retired|(2005-2005)|Pancreatic cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01U|Retired|(2005-2005)|Prostate cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01V|Retired|(2005-2005)|Rectal cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01W|Retired|(2005-2005)|Skin melanoma*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01X|Retired|(2005-2005)|Stomach cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01Y|Retired|(2005-2005)|Testicular cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H01Z|Retired|(2005-2005)|Thyroid cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
B14-H02|Current|(1994-    )|Mutagen, carcinogen|B12-G07||
B14-H03|Current|(2002-    )|Apoptotic|||
B14-H04|Current|(2002-    )|Anti-apoptotic|||
B14-H05|Current|(2006-    )|Antiproliferative (non-cancerous)||e.g. Hyperplasia.|
B14-H06|Current|(2008-    )|Tumor sensitizers||Search when sensitizer type is not specified.|
B14-H06A|Current|(2016-    )|Radiosensitizers|||
B14-H06B|Current|(2016-    )|Photosensitisers|||
B14-H07|Current|(2016-    )|Hypoplasia and aplasia||To be searched in the general case where the affected organ(s) are not specified.|
B14-J|Current||Drugs acting on the muscular and nervous systems||*These codes are also used for agonist/mimetic or receptor agonist/mimetic activities, e.g. dopamine receptor agonist is coded dopaminergic B14-J02C2. **These codes are also used for antagonist /inhibitor or receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
B14-J01|Current|(1994-    )|CNS active general and other|B12-C10|Covers terms such as cerebroprotective and neuroprotective.|
B14-J01A|Current|(1994-    )|Stimulants general and other|B12-C06||
B14-J01A1|Current|(1994-    )|Antidepressant|B12-C06||
B14-J01A2|Current|(1994-    )|Analeptic|B12-C03||
B14-J01A3|Current|(1994-    )|Antiparkinsonian|B12-C04||
B14-J01A4|Current|(1994-    )|Alzheimer's, huntington's, senility, senile dementia, cognitive enhancer, antiamnesia, nootropics|B12-C10, B12-G04A||
B14-J01B|Current|(1994-    )|Depressants general and other|B12-C05||
B14-J01B1|Current|(1994-    )|Hypnotic|B12-C07||
B14-J01B2|Current|(1994-    )|Sedative|B12-C08||
B14-J01B3|Current|(1994-    )|Antipsychotic, neuroleptic, antischizophrenic|B12-C10, B12-E02||
B14-J01B4|Current|(1994-    )|Tranquilliser, anxiolytic|B12-C10||
B14-J02|Current|(1994-    )|Autonomic NS active general and other|B12-E01||
B14-J02A|Current|(1994-    )|Parasympathetic stimulants, mimetics general and other*|B12-E05||
B14-J02A1|Current|(1994-    )|Cholinergic (acetyl choline potentiators)*|B12-E05||
B14-J02A2|Current|(1994-    )|Muscarinic*|B12-E05||
B14-J02B|Current|(1994-    )|Parasympathetic depressant, parasympatholytic general and other**|B12-E04||
B14-J02B1|Current|(1994-    )|Anticholinergic**|B12-E04||
B14-J02B2|Current|(1994-    )|Antimuscarinic**|B12-E04||
B14-J02C|Current|(1994-    )|Sympathetic stimulants general and other*|B12-E07||
B14-J02C1|Current|(1994-    )|Adrenergic, adrenaline potentiator (alpha and beta)*|B12-E07||
B14-J02C2|Current|(1994-    )|Dopaminergic*|B12-E07||
B14-J02D|Current|(1994-    )|Sympathetic depressants, sympatholytic general and other**|B12-E06||
B14-J02D1|Current|(1994-    )|Alpha-adrenergic blocker**|B12-E06||
B14-J02D2|Current|(1994-    )|Beta-adrenergic blocker**|B12-E06B||
B14-J02D3|Current|(1994-    )|Antidopaminergic**|B12-E06||
B14-J03|Current|(1994-    )|Serotoninergic*|B12-G04||
B14-J04|Current|(1994-    )|Antiserotoninergic**|B12-G01||
B14-J05|Current|(1994-    )|Muscular active general and other (inotropic)|B12-E02||
B14-J05A|Current|(1994-    )|Muscle relaxant (negatively inotropic)|B12-E02||
B14-J05B|Current|(1994-    )|Mydriatic/myopic/hyperopic|B12-E03||
B14-J05C|Current|(1994-    )|Muscle contractant (positively inotropic)|B12-E02||
B14-J05D|Current|(1994-    )|Antispastic, antispasmodic, spasmolytic, spasm treatment|B12-E02, B12-E04||
B14-J05E|Current|(2002-    )|Duchenne's muscular dystrophy|||
B14-J06|Current|(1994-    )|Convulsant|B12-D10||
B14-J07|Current|(1994-    )|Anticonvulsant|B12-D04||
B14-K|Current||Drugs acting on the respiratory system|||
B14-K01|Current|(1994-    )|Respiratory active general and other|B12-K06|Including anoxia, cystic fibrosis and bronchitis treatment.|
B14-K01A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiasthmatic|B12-D02, B12-K02||
B14-K01B|Current|(1994-    )|Antitussive|B12-K01||
B14-K01C|Current|(1994-    )|Bronchoconstrictor|B12-K06||
B14-K01D|Current|(1994-    )|Bronchodilator|B12-K02||
B14-K01E|Old|(1994-2005)|Expectorant, mucolytic|B12-K05||
B14-K01E|Current|(2006-    )|Decongestant, expectorant, mucolytic|B12-K05|From 2006, the scope of this code has been extended to cover decongestants in addition to expectorants and mucolytics.|
B14-K01F|Current|(2002-    )|Adult respiratory distress syndrome|||
B14-L|Current||Agonists/mimetics and antagonists/inhibitors not covered elsewhere||The codes in this section are also used for drugs acting at the receptor, e.g. histamine receptor agonist is coded B14-L05.|
B14-L01|Current|(1994-    )|Agonist/mimetic general and other|||
B14-L01A|Current|(2005-    )|Enzyme agonist/mimetic|||
B14-L01A1|Current|(2007-    )|Oxidoreductase agonist|B14-L01A||
B14-L01A2|Current|(2007-    )|Transferase agonist|B14-L01A||
B14-L01A3|Current|(2007-    )|Hydrolase agonist|B14-L01A||
B14-L01A4|Current|(2007-    )|Lyase agonist|B14-L01A||
B14-L01A5|Current|(2007-    )|Isomerase agonist|B14-L01A||
B14-L01A6|Current|(2007-    )|Synthetase agonist|B14-L01A||
B14-L01B|Current|(2006-    )|Cannabinoid receptor agonist|||
B14-L01C|Current|(2006-    )|PPAR agonist||Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist.|
B14-L01D|Current|(2007-    )|Nitric oxide agonist|B14-L01||
B14-L02|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin agonist/mimetic||N.B. Angiotensin antagonists/inhibitors are coded B14-F02B1.|
B14-L03|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin agonist/mimetic|||
B14-L04|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin, leukotriene, thromboxane agonist/mimetic|||
B14-L05|Current|(1994-    )|Histaminergic, histamine agonist/mimetic|||
B14-L06|Current|(1994-    )|Antagonist/inhibitor/antimetabolite general and other|B12-G01||
B14-L06B|Current|(2006-    )|Cannabinoid recpetor antagonist|||
B14-L06C|Current|(2006-    )|PPAR antagonist||Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor antagonist.|
B14-L06D|Current|(2007-    )|Nitric oxide antagonist|B14-L06||
B14-L07|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin antagonist/inhibitor|B12-G01||
B14-L08|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin, leukotriene, thromboxane antagonist/inhibitor|B12-G01||
B14-L09|Current|(1994-    )|Histamine antagonist/inhibitor general and other|B12-D06||
B14-L10|Current|(1994-    )|H1 antagonist/inhibitor|B12-D06B||
B14-L11|Current|(1994-    )|H2 antagonist/inhibitor|B12-D06A||
B14-L12|Current|(2006-    )|Proton pump inhibitors|||
B14-M|Current||Antidotes|||
B14-M01|Current|(1994-    )|Antidote general and other||To be searched for treating chronic and habitual conditions: treating acute intoxication is searched under B14-M03.|
B14-M01A|Current|(1994-    )|Alcoholism treatment|B12-J05A||
B14-M01A1|Current|(2009-    )|Alcoholism treatment using replacement therapy|||
B14-M01B|Current|(1994-    )|Antismoking|B12-J05B||
B14-M01B1|Current|(2009-    )|Antismoking treatment using replacement therapy||e.g. nicotine replacement patches and gum|
B14-M01C|Current|(1994-    )|Antidrug addiction|B12-J05|Excluding addiction to nicotine and alcohol.|
B14-M01C1|Current|(2009-    )|Drug addiction treatment using replacement therapy||e.g. methadone treatment|
B14-M01D|Current|(1994-    )|Antiheavy metal poisoning|B12-J05C||
B14-M01E|Current|(1994-    )|Pesticide/herbicide antidote|B12-J05D|Includes herbicide safeners prior to 2009.|
B14-M01F|Retired|(1994-2015)|Protecting plants from poisons*||*Code discontinued in section B as of 201601.|
B14-M02|Current|(2006-    )|Pharmaceutical antidote general|||
B14-M02A|Current|(2006-    )|Chemoprotectant|||
B14-M02B|Current|(2006-    )|Radioprotectant|||
B14-M03|Current|(2016-    )|Recreational drug antidote general and unspecified||To be searched for treating acute intoxication: treating chronic conditions is searched under B14-M01.|
B14-M03A|Current|(2016-    )|Sobering agent for acute alcohol intoxication|||
B14-M03B|Current|(2016-    )|Antidote for acute recreational drug intoxication other than alcohol|||
B14-N|Current||Organs|||
B14-N01|Current|(1994-    )|Bone disorder treatment, osteoporosis|B12-J08||
B14-N01A|Current|(2005-    )|Osteoporosis|||
B14-N01B|Current|(2005-    )|Fracture/disorders of healing and osteogenesis|||
B14-N02|Current|(1994-    )|Ear disorder treatment|B12-L04||
B14-N02A|Current|(2008-    )|Balance related disorder and vestibular disorder|||
B14-N03|Current|(1994-    )|Eye disorder treatment general|B12-L04||
B14-N03A|Current|(2005-    )|Glaucoma|||
B14-N04|Current|(1994-    )|Nose disorder treatment|B12-L04||
B14-N05|Current|(1994-    )|Mouth/throat disorder treatment|B12-L04||
B14-N05A|Current|(2005-    )|Mouth disease||E.g. cold sores and xerostomia (chronic dry mouth).|
B14-N05B|Current|(2005-    )|Throat disease||Covers throat disorders but excludes disorders of the oesophagus.|
B14-N06|Current|(1994-    )|Dental general and other|B12-L03||
B14-N06A|Current|(1994-    )|Anticaries/antiplaque|B12-A01, B12-L03||
B14-N06B|Current|(1994-    )|Periodontal|B12-L03, B12-L04|Includes gingivitis.|
B14-N07|Current|(1994-    )|Urogenital/anorectal disease treatment general and other|B12-A05, B12-D07, B12-G03, B12-G04||
B14-N07A|Current|(1994-    )|Prostate|B12-G03, B12-G04||
B14-N07B|Current|(1994-    )|Cystitis|B12-D07||
B14-N07C|Current|(1994-    )|Venereal|B12-A05||
B14-N07D|Current|(1994-    )|Incontinence treatment|B12-G03||
B14-N08|Current|(1994-    )|Diuretic|B12-G03||
B14-N09|Current|(1994-    )|Antidiuretic|B12-G03||
B14-N10|Current|(1994-    )|Kidney|B12-G03||
B14-N11|Current|(1994-    )|Thyroid|B12-G06||
B14-N12|Current|(1994-    )|Liver|B12-G02||
B14-N13|Current|(1994-    )|Pancreas|B12-G02||
B14-N14|Current|(1994-    )|Uterus|B12-E09|Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea are covered here but labour inducing drugs are coded with abortifacients under B14-P01B.|
B14-N15|Current|(1994-    )|Spleen|B12-G02||
B14-N16|Current|(1994-    )|Brain and spinal cord|B12-C10, B12-E01|Including stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, scrapie, and other prion type diseases.|
B14-N16A|Current|(2002-    )|Bovine spongiforme encephalopathy|||
B14-N16B|Current|(2002-    )|Creutzfeld jakob disease (CJD)|||
B14-N16C|Current|(2005-    )|Kuru (treatment of)|||
B14-N16D|Current|(2005-    )|Scrapie (treatment of)||A fatal degenerative disease affecting the CNS of sheep and goats.|
B14-N17|Current|(1994-    )|Skin treatment general and other|B12-A07|Fungal skin diseases are coded under B14-A04.|
B14-N17A|Current|(1994-    )|Burn|B12-A07||
B14-N17B|Current|(1994-    )|Wound other (physical trauma)|B12-A07||
B14-N17C|Current|(1994-    )|Psoriasis, dermatitis|B12-A07||
B14-N17D|Current|(1994-    )|Acne|B12-A07||
B14-N17E|Current|(2005-    )|Dandruff and seborrhea|||
B14-N17F|Current|(2005-    )|Anti-scarring|||
B14-N17G|Current|(2008-    )|Pruritis|||
B14-N18|Current|(2002-    )|Mammary gland||Including mastitis.|
B14-P|Current||Drugs acting on the reproductive system|||
B14-P01|Current|(1994-    )|Contraceptive general and other|B12-K03||
B14-P01A|Current|(1994-    )|Male, spermicide|B12-K03||
B14-P01B|Current|(1994-    )|Female, abortifacient, antiovulatory|B12-K03||
B14-P02|Current|(1994-    )|Infertility treatment|||
B14-P03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiabortive|B12-E09||
B14-P04|Current|(2006-    )|Sexual dysfunction||Sexual dysfunction general.|
B14-P04A|Current|(2006-    )|Male sexual dysfunction|||
B14-P04B|Current|(2006-    )|Female sexual dysfunction|||
B14-P05|Current|(2016-    )|Menopause/andropause and related symptoms||To be searched for general references to menopause or andropause where precise hormones affected are not specified. Also may be searched in conjunction with other B14 codes where a condition is specifically attributed to menopause or andropause in the original document e.g. hot flashes.|
B14-R|Current||Cosmetics|||
B14-R01|Current|(1994-    )|Cosmetic general and other|B12-L02||
B14-R02|Current|(1994-    )|Hair preparation|B12-L05||
B14-R03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiperspirant|B12-L01||
B14-R04|Current|(1994-    )|Perfume|B12-L07||
B14-R05|Current|(1994-    )|Sunscreen agent|B12-L08||
B14-S|Current||Miscellaneous activity terms|||
B14-S01|Current|(1994-    )|Multiple sclerosis treatment, demyelinating diseases|B12-E01||
B14-S02|Current|(1994-    )|Dwarfism treatment|B12-G04||
B14-S03|Current|(1994-    )|Gene therapy (general)|||
B14-S03A|Current|(2002-    )|Gene therapy|||
B14-S03B|Current|(2002-    )|Antisense therapy|||
B14-S03C|Current|(2005-    )|RNA interference|||
B14-S03D|Current|(2008-    )|shRNA Interference|||
B14-S04|Current|(1994-    )|Diabetes (general)|B12-H05|This code is used when a drug targets the symptoms and associated disorders. Hypoglycaemic is coded B14-F09.|
B14-S04A|Current|(2005-    )|Type ii diabetes||Also known as adult onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes.|
B14-S05|Current|(1994-    )|Shock treatment general (excluding anaphylactic)|B12-A07|Anaphylactic shock is coded B14-G02B.|
B14-S06|Current|(1994-    )|Toxic (septic) shock|B12-A01, B12-A06||
B14-S07|Current|(1994-    )|Traumatic shock|B12-C10||
B14-S08|Current|(1994-    )|Antioxidant/free radical scavenger|||
B14-S09|Current|(1994-    )|Synergist|B12-C09||
B14-S10|Current|(1994-    )|Cot death|||
B14-S11|Current|(1994-    )|Vaccine [general]|B02-V02||
B14-S11A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiviral vaccine|B02-V02||
B14-S11B|Current|(1994-    )|Other antimicrobial vaccine|B02-V02|e.g. antibacterial vaccine.|
B14-S11B1|Current|(2005-    )|Antibacterial vaccine|||
B14-S11B2|Current|(2005-    )|Antiprotozoal vaccine|||
B14-S11B3|Current|(2005-    )|Antiparasitic vaccine|||
B14-S11C|Current|(1994-    )|Anticancer vaccine|B02-V02||
B14-S11D|Current|(2005-    )|Vaccine type|||
B14-S11D1|Current|(2005-    )|Whole-killed (inactive) vaccine|||
B14-S11D2|Current|(2005-    )|Live-attenuated (weakened) vaccine|||
B14-S11D3|Current|(2005-    )|Synthetic/genetically engineered vaccine|||
B14-S11E|Current|(2015-    )|Therapeutic vaccine other||Vaccine other than antimicrobial or anticancer e.g. immunocontraceptive or antiasthma vaccine. Unspecified vaccines should be searched under the general code B14-S11.|
B14-S12|Current|(1994-    )|Veterinary|B12-L09|Applied with other activity code(s) to indicate specific veterinary as opposed to medical use.|
B14-S13|Current|(2005-    )|Metabolic disorders||Includes enzyme deficiencies and conditions arising from such.|
B14-S13A|Current|(2005-    )|Acidosis|||
B14-S14|Current|(2005-    )|Joint disorders general||Includes conditions affecting tendons and bursa.|
B14-S14A|Current|(2009-    )|Cartilage and connective tissue disorders|||
B14-S14B|Current|(2009-    )|Soft tissue disorders|||
B14-S15|Current|(2005-    )|Broad formulation code||Patent is concerned with the formulation type rather than the drugs contained in it.|
B14-S16|Current|(2005-    )|Many diseases treated (15 or over, claimed/disclosed)||More than 15 diseases are said to be treated. Specific codes for the individual disease are still included.|
B14-S18|Current|(2006-    )|Drug combination||Used when specific combination of drugs is claimed.|
B14-S20|Current|(2006-    )|Genetic disorder|||
B14-S20A|Current|(2006-    )|Chromosomal abnormality disorder|||
B14-S20B|Current|(2015-    )|Fabry disease|||
B14-S20C|Current|(2015-    )|Hunter Syndrome|||
B14-S21|Current|(2006-    )|Cell therapy|||
B14-S22|Current|(2009-    )|Prophylaxis||Used only when a compound or formulation is solely for prophylaxis or prevention of a disorder|
B14-S23|Old|(2009-2009)|Chinese medicine||Applied to Chinese medicine documents when no specific Western-style diseases are mentioned as being treated i.e. when no other activity codes can be applied. Used to indicate that the Chinese medicine invention has pharmaceutical activity.|
B14-S23|Current|(2010-    )|Unspecified activity||Prior to 2010, this code covered only Chinese medicine documents with no specific Western-style diseases mentioned as being treated. Applied to documents when a pharmaceutical formulation/ substance with pharmaceutical activity is claimed, but no specific disorders are mentioned as being treated, I.e., when no other activity codes can be applied.|
B14-S24|Current|(2009-    )|PEDIATRICS/GERIATRICS||Includes treatment for adolescents.|
B14-S25|Current|(2010-    )|Chemotheraphy|||
B14-S26|Current|(2010-    )|Radiotherapy|||
B14-S27|Old|(2010-2010)|Photon therapy||Includes treatment using high energy photons|
B14-S27|Current|(2011-    )|Electromagnetic therapy||Includes ultrasound, and photo therapy using high energy photons. Also includes electrical stimulation.|
B14-S28|Current|(2012-    )|Prodrugs|||
B14-Y|Old|(2006-2011)|Green Chemistry||Used when processes/productions are kinder to the environment. Includes biodegradable|
B14-Y|Old|(2012-2012)|Green Chemistry|B14-Z|Used when processes/productions are kinder to the environment.|
B14-Y|Current|(2013-    )|GREEN TECHNOLOGY||Used when processes/productions are kinder to the environment. Also includes environmentally-friendly apparatus.|
B14-Z|Current|(2012-    )|Green Formulation|B14-Y|Formulations which are stated to be environmentally friendly |
B15|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamins|||
B15-A00|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin A and carotenoids|||
B15-A00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin A and carotenoids|||
B15-B00|Current|(2011-    )|B vitamins general|||
B15-B00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified B vitamins general|||
B15-B01|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin B1 (thiamine)|||
B15-B01A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin B1 (thiamine)|||
B15-B02|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)|||
B15-B02A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin B2 (riboflavin)|||
B15-B06|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)|||
B15-B06A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)|||
B15-B12|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin B12 and cobalamine|||
B15-B12A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin B12 and cobalamine|||
B15-C00|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)|||
B15-C00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin C (ascorbic acid)|||
B15-D00|Current|(2011-    )|D vitamins general|||
B15-D00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified D vitamins general|||
B15-D01|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin D1|||
B15-D01A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin D1|||
B15-D02|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin D2|||
B15-D02A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin D2|||
B15-D03|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin D3|||
B15-D03A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin D3|||
B15-E00|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin E and tocopherols, tocotrienols|||
B15-E00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin E and tocopherols|||
B15-K00|Current|(2011-    )|K vitamins general|||
B15-K00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified K vitamins general|||
B15-K01|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin K1|||
B15-K01A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin K1|||
B15-K02|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin K2|||
B15-K02A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin K2|||
B15-K03|Current|(2016-    )|Vitamin K3|||
B15-K03A|Current|(2016-    )|Modified vitamin K3|||
B15-K04|Current|(2016-    )|Vitamin K4|||
B15-K04A|Current|(2016-    )|Modified vitamin K4|||
B15-K05|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin K5|||
B15-K05A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin K5|||
B15-K06|New|(2017-    )|Vitamin K6|||
B15-K06A|New|(2017-    )|Modified vitamin K6|||
B15-P00|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin P|||
B15-P00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin P|||
B15-X|Current|(2011-    )|Provitamins|||
B15-Z|Current|(2011-    )|General or unspecified vitamins|||
C01|Current||Steroids||This section covers all compounds containing the basic steroidal nucleus (cyclopentanophenanthrene ring), which may have other rings (carbocyclic or heterocyclic) fused onto it. Compounds which contain heteroatoms within the basic cyclopentanophenanthrene ring (e.g. azasteroids) are excluded. Homosteroids (containing extra carbon in the ring), norsteroids (missing one carbon in the ring) and : secosteroids (bonds broken, e.g. vitamin D) are also excluded. Steroids of unknown structure are coded under C04-B02D: (before 1994) or C04-J02 (after 1994). All groups listed include derivatives. Thus hydroxy includes ethers, esters and cyclic derivatives (linked via an oxygen atom to a steroid carbon atom). All the compound types listed may contain additional substituents, provided that they are not specified for an earlier occurring code.|
C01-A|Current||1,3,5(10)-trienes|||
C01-A01|Current||Estrones (3-ol, 17-one)|||
C01-A02|Current||Estradiols (3,17-diol)|||
C01-A03|Current||Other 1,3,5(10)-trienes|||
C01-B|Current||Steroids - ring 'a' dienes|||
C01-B01|Current||Prednisones (3,11-dione; 17-ol; 17-z)|||
C01-B02|Current||Prednisolones (3-one; 11,17-diol; 17-z)|||
C01-B03|Current||Other 1,4-dienes|||
C01-B04|Current||Other ring 'A' dienes|||
C01-C|Current||Steroids - ring 'A' monoenes|||
C01-C01|Current||Cortisones (3,11-dione; 17-ol; 17-z)|||
C01-C02|Current||Cortisols (3-one; 11,17-diol; 17-z)|||
C01-C03|Current||17-hydroxylprogesterones (3-one; 17-acetyl)|||
C01-C04|Current||Progesterones (3-one; 17-acetyl)|||
C01-C05|Current||Testosterones (3-one; 17-ol)|||
C01-C06|Current||Pregn(3 or 4)enes (17-y)|||
C01-C07|Current||Pregn(1 or 2)enes (17-y)|||
C01-C08|Current||Pregn(5(10) or 1(10))enes (17-y)|||
C01-C09|Current||Androst(3 or 4)enes|||
C01-C10|Current||Androst(1 or 2)enes|||
C01-C11|Current||Androst(5(10) or 1(10))enes|||
C01-D|Current||Steroids - saturated ring'a'|||
C01-D01|Current||Pregnanes (17-y)||Including cardenolides and digoxin.|
C01-D02|Current||Androstanes|||
C01-E|Current|(2010-    )|Steroids-No structure|C04-J02|Non-structural steroids other than steroid hormones. Eg. Plant sterols|
C02|Current||Antibiotics||Antibiotics are coded using the first letter of the parent antibiotic (where this is known or given), for example, dihydro- streptomycin is coded C02-S, chlortetracycline C02-T and adriamycin(doxorubicin) C02-D. Un-named or general antibiotics are coded C02-Z. Vaccines, anti-toxins used as vaccines etc. are coded C02-V02 (before 1994) and C14-S11+ (from 1994). C and P antibiotics including cephalosporins and penicillins are subdivided further. All antibiotics are covered in this section even if they are not being used for the antibiotic properties.|
C02-A|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "a", general|||
C02-B|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "b", general|||
C02-C|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "c", general|||
C02-C01|Current|(1977-    )|"C" antibiotics other than cephalosporins|||
C02-C02|Current|(1977-    )|Ring modified cephalosporins||This code covers cephalosporins with no -(CH2)X (X=H or substituent) at 3-position, or two substituents at 7-position.|
C02-C03|Current|(1977-    )|Other 3 unsubstituted methyl, 7-monosubstituted cephalosporins|||
C02-C04|Current|(1977-    )|Other 7-monosubstituted cephalosporins||Including lactones.|
C02-D|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "d", general|||
C02-E|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "e", general|||
C02-F|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "f", general|||
C02-G|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "g", general|||
C02-H|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "h", general|||
C02-I|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "i", general|||
C02-J|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "j", general|||
C02-K|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "k", general|||
C02-L|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "l", general|||
C02-M|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "m", general|||
C02-N|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "n", general|||
C02-O|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "o", general|||
C02-P|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "p", general|||
C02-P01|Current|(1977-    )|"P" antibiotics other than penicillins|||
C02-P02|Current|(1977-    )|6-acetamidopenicillins, alpha-substituted by N-atom|||
C02-P03|Current|(1977-    )|Other 6-acetamidopenicillins|||
C02-P04|Current|(2012-    )|Other Penicillins||With beta-lactam ring with 6 position substituted by group other than acetamide|
C02-Q|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "q", general|||
C02-R|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "r", general|||
C02-S|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "s", general|||
C02-T|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "t", general|||
C02-U|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "u", general|||
C02-V|Retired|(1965-1993)|Vaccines and antibiotics beginning with the letter "v", general vaccines*||*Specific code now retired, coverage of V antibiotics as for all other named antibiotics as specified in the section heading.|
C02-V01|Current|(1986-    )|Antibiotics beginning with the letter "v", general|||
C02-V02|Retired|(1986-1993)|Vaccines*|C14-S11+|*Code retired, from 199401 searched under C14-S11+. Excluding interferon. The code C12-A06 for antiviral is not additionally searchable.|
C02-V03|Retired|(1986-1993)|Interferon*|C04-H05+|*Code retired, from 199401 searched under C05-H05+. Not additionally searchable as polypeptide C04-C01+.|
C02-W|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "w", general|||
C02-X|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "x", general|||
C02-Y|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "y", general|||
C02-Z|Current||Antibiotics beginning with the letter "z", general|||
C03|Retired|(    -2010)|Vitamins*||*Coding section retired, from 201101 vitamins have been transferred to C15: codes. C03: codes remain valid and searchable for records prior to 201101. Each sub-group includes related compounds with similar activity, and pro-vitamins. The following compounds although having vitamin activity, are indexed under the appropriate chemical classification only: nicotinic acid (C07-D04+), pantothenic acid (C10-C04D), folic acid (C06-D09), choline (C10-A22), inositol (C10-E04A), biotin (C06-F03), p-amino-benzoic acid (C10-B02A), linoleic acid (C10-C04E) and other unsaturated acids.|
C03-A|Retired|(    -2010)|A and carotenoids*||*Code retired, searched under C15-A00+ as of 201101.|
C03-B|Retired|(    -2010)|B1 (thiamin)*||*Code retired, searched under C15-B01+ as of 201101.|
C03-C|Retired|(    -2010)|B2 (riboflavin)*||*Code retired, searched under C15-B02+ as of 201101.|
C03-D|Retired|(    -2010)|B6 (pyridoxine)*||*Code retired, searched under C15-B06+ as of 201101.|
C03-E|Retired|(    -2010)|B12 and cobalamine*||*Code retired, searched under C15-B12+ as of 201101.|
C03-F|Retired|(    -2010)|C (ascorbic acid)*||*Code retired, searched under C15-C00+ as of 201101.|
C03-G|Retired|(    -2010)|D (calciferol)*||*Code retired, searched under C15-D00+ as of 201101.|
C03-H|Retired|(    -2010)|E and tocopherols*||*Code retired, searched under C15-E00+ as of 201101.|
C03-J|Retired|(    -2010)|Vitamin K*||*Code retired, searched under C15-K00+ as of 201101. This code is applied only when a general term is used in a patent. Any specific compounds in this class are coded by structure only.|
C03-K|Retired|(    -2010)|Vitamin P and others*||*Code retired, searched under C15-P00+ as of 201101. This code is applied only when a general term is used in a patent. Any specific compounds in this class are coded by structure only.|
C03-L|Retired|(    -2010)|Vitamins [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C15-Z00+ as of 201101.|
C04|Current||Natural products (or genetically engineered), polymers||In general, natural products are coded according to their most descriptive feature (usually chemical), thus (i) milk is coded C04-B04K only, and not also C04-B04G (gland extract) or C04-B04L (mammalian extract); (ii) a polysaccharide obtained from a plant is coded C04-C02D only, and not also C04-A07F.|
C04-A|Current||Alkaloids, plant extracts|||
C04-A01|Current||Belladonna||Including tropanes and scopolamines.|
C04-A02|Current||Cinchona||Including quin(id)ines.|
C04-A03|Current||Ergot||Including lysergic acid.|
C04-A04|Current||Opium||Including morphines and morphinans from 198601 but excluding apomorphine.|
C04-A05|Current||Rauwolfia||Including yohimbanes.|
C04-A06|Current||Xanthines||i.e. 2,6-dioxo-purines.|
C04-A07|Retired|(1963-1965)|Plant extracts [general]*||*General code retired 1965, subdivided from 196601. Subcodes C04-A07D+ and C04-A07F+ searched under C04-A10+ as of 199401.|
C04-A07A|Current|(1965-    )|Other alkaloids||This code is applied only when a general term is used in a patent. Any specific compounds in this class are coded by structure only, e.g. strychnine is coded C06-E05, vincamine C06-D18.|
C04-A07A1|Current|(2010-    )|Vinca alkalloids|C06-D18|Includes vincristine, vinblastine,vinorelbine and vindesine.|
C04-A07B|Current|(1965-    )|Derris||e.g. rotenone.|
C04-A07C|Current|(1965-    )|Pyrethrins|||
C04-A07D|Retired|(1965-1993)|Peat, straw, cereal, seeds, bran, whole plants, juice*||*Code retired, searched under C04-A08; C04-A09 as of 199401.|
C04-A07D1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Peat, humic acid*||*Code retired, searched under C04-A09J as of 199401.|
C04-A07D2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Seeds, husks from seeds, seed meal, cereal, grain*||*Code retired, searched under C04-A09F as of 199401.|
C04-A07D3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Wood shavings, bark, sawdust*||*Code retired, searched under C04-A09G as of 199401.|
C04-A07D4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Grass, straw, hay, plant stems, sap produced by pressing*||*Code retired, searched under C04-A09H as of 199401. Excluding C04-A07D3.|
C04-A07D5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Whole plants, leaves, whole mushrooms, flowers, plants produced by tissue culture*||*Code retired, searched under C04-A08+; C04-A09A; C04-A09B; C04-A09D as of 199401. Excluding C04-A07D4. C11-A is also coded.|
C04-A07E|Current|(1965-    )|Glycosides||This code is applied only when a general term is used in a patent. Any specific compounds in this class are coded by structure only, e.g. glycyrrhizin is coded C07-A02B only.|
C04-A07F|Retired|(1965-1993)|Plant extract [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C04-A10 as of 199401.|
C04-A07F1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Mushrooms, toadstools extracts*||*Code retired, searched under C04-A10A as of 199401.|
C04-A07F2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Other plant extracts*||*Code retired, searched under C04-A10B+; C04-A09C as of 199401.|
C04-A08|Current|(1994-    )|Plant divisions and whole plants general and other|B04-A07D|E suffix is appended to respective whole plant codes for transgenic plants. N.B. Plant cells and plant tissue are coded C04-F08.|
C04-A0800E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant divisions and whole plants general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D|E suffix is appended to respective whole plant codes for transgenic plants. N.B. Plant cells and plant tissue are coded C04-F08.|
C04-A08A|Current|(1994-    )|Bryophytes|C04-A07D5|e.g.liverworts and mosses.|
C04-A08A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Bryophytes (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5|e.g.liverworts and mosses.|
C04-A08A1|Current|(2012-    )|Marchantiophyta (liverworts)|||
C04-A08A1E|Current|(2012-    )|Marchantiophyta (liverworts) (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08A2|Current|(2012-    )|Bryophyta (mosses)|||
C04-A08A2E|Current|(2012-    )|Bryophyta (mosses) (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08A3|Current|(2012-    )|Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)|||
C04-A08A3E|Current|(2012-    )|Anthocerotophyta (hornworts) (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08B|Current|(1994-    )|Pteridophytes|B04-A07D5|e.g.ferns.|
C04-A08B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Pteridophytes (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5|e.g.ferns.|
C04-A08B1|Current|(2012-    )|Psilotopsida|||
C04-A08B1E|Current|(2012-    )|Psilotopsida (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08B2|Current|(2012-    )|Equisetopsida|||
C04-A08B2E|Current|(2012-    )|Equisetopsida (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08B3|Current|(2012-    )|Marattiopsida|||
C04-A08B3E|Current|(2012-    )|Marattiopsida (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08B4|Current|(2012-    )|Polypodiopsida|||
C04-A08B4E|Current|(2012-    )|Polypodiopsida (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08C|Retired|(1994-2011)|Spermatophytes*|C04-A07D5|*Code applied only 1994-2011 and then retired, then subdivided as of 201201.|
C04-A08C0E|Retired|(1994-2011)|Spermatophytes (genetically engineered)*|C04-A07D5|*Code applied only 1994-2011 and then retired, then subdivided as of 201201.|
C04-A08C1|Retired|(1994-2011)|Gymnosperms*|C04-A07D5|*Code retired, searched under C04-A08F+ as of 201201. E.g. conifers.|
C04-A08C1E|Retired|(1994-2011)|Gymnosperms (genetically engineered)*|C04-A07D5|*Code retired, searched under C04-A08F+ as of 201201. E.g. conifers.|
C04-A08C2|Retired|(1994-2011)|Angiosperms*|C04-A07D5|*Code retired, searched under C04-A08G+ as of 201201. E.g. flowering plants, grass, dicotyledons and monocotyledons.|
C04-A08C2E|Retired|(1994-2011)|Angiosperms (genetically engineered)*|C04-A07D5|*Code retired, searched under C04-A08G+ as of 201201. E.g. flowering plants, grass, dicotyledons and monocotyledons.|
C04-A08D|Current|(1994-    )|Fungi (higher)|C04-A07D5|e.g. mushrooms, toadstools, but not unicellular or microscopic fungi.|
C04-A08D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fungi (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5|e.g. mushrooms, toadstools, but not unicellular or microscopic fungi.|
C04-A08D1|Current|(2012-    )|Ascomycota|||
C04-A08D1E|Current|(2012-    )|Ascomycota (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08D2|Current|(2012-    )|Basidiomycota|||
C04-A08D2E|Current|(2012-    )|Basidiomycota (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08F|Current|(2012-    )|Gymnosperms|||
C04-A08F0E|Current|(2012-    )|Gymnosperms (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08F1|Current|(2012-    )|Pinophyta (Conifers)|||
C04-A08F1E|Current|(2012-    )|Pinophyta (Conifers) (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08F2|Current|(2012-    )|Ginkgophyta|||
C04-A08F2E|Current|(2012-    )|Ginkgophyta (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08F3|Current|(2012-    )|Cycadophyta (Cycads)|||
C04-A08F3E|Current|(2012-    )|Cycadophyta (Cycads) (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08F4|Current|(2012-    )|Gnetophyta|||
C04-A08F4E|Current|(2012-    )|Gnetophyta (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08G|Current|(2012-    )|Angiosperms|||
C04-A08G0E|Current|(2012-    )|Angiosperms (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08G1|Current|(2012-    )|Monocots|||
C04-A08G1E|Current|(2012-    )|Monocots (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A08G2|Current|(2012-    )|Dicots|||
C04-A08G2E|Current|(2012-    )|Dicots (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A09|Current|(1994-    )|Plant parts general and other|C04-A07D|Plant parts derived from specific plant species are additionally coded in C04-A08.|
C04-A0900E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant parts general and other (genetically engineered)|C04-A07D|Plant parts derived from specific plant species are additionally coded in C04-A08.|
C04-A09A|Current|(1994-    )|Leaves|C04-A07D5||
C04-A09A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Leaves (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5||
C04-A09B|Current|(1994-    )|Flowers (and parts excluding pollen)|C04-A07D5|Excluding pollen.|
C04-A09B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Flowers and parts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07D5|Excluding pollen.|
C04-A09C|Current|(1994-    )|Pollen|C04-A07F, C04-B04C2||
C04-A09C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Pollen (genetically engineered)|C04-A07F, C04-B04C2||
C04-A09D|Current|(1994-    )|Roots|C04-A07D5||
C04-A09D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Roots (genetically engineered)|C04-A07D5||
C04-A09F|Current|(1994-    )|Seeds, seed husks, seed meal, cereal, grain, nuts, bran|C04-A07D2||
C04-A09F0E|Current|(1994-    )|Seeds, seed husks, seed meal, cereal, grain, nuts, bran (genetically engineered)|C04-A07D2||
C04-A09G|Current|(1994-    )|Wood, shavings, bark, sawdust|C04-A07D3||
C04-A09G0E|Current|(1994-    )|Wood, shavings, bark, sawdust (genetically engineered)|C04-A07D3||
C04-A09H|Current|(1994-    )|Straw, hay, stems, sap, plant resin|C04-A07D4|Includes propolis|
C04-A09H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Straw, hay, stems, sap, plant resin (genetically engineered)|C04-A07D4||
C04-A09J|Current|(1994-    )|Peat, humic acid|C04-A07D1||
C04-A09J0E|Current|(1994-    )|Peat, humic acid (genetically engineered)|C04-A07D1||
C04-A09K|Current|(2006-    )|Fruit|||
C04-A09K0E|Current|(2006-    )|Fruit (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A10|Current|(1994-    )|Plant extracts general and other|C04-A07F||
C04-A1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant extracts general and other (genetically engineered)|C04-A07F||
C04-A10A|Current|(1994-    )|Fungi (mushrooms, toadstools but not unicellular fungi)|C04-A07F1|e.g. mushrooms, toadstools but not unicellular fungi.|
C04-A10A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fungi (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F1|e.g. mushrooms, toadstools but not unicellular fungi.|
C04-A10B|Current|(1994-    )|Leaf extracts|C04-A07F2||
C04-A10B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Leaf extracts (genetically engineered)|C04-A07F2||
C04-A10C|Current|(1994-    )|Flower extracts (and extracts from flower parts excluding pollen)|B04-A07F2|e.g. extracts from flower parts excluding pollen.|
C04-A10C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Flower extracts and extracts from flower parts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F2|e.g. extracts from flower parts excluding pollen.|
C04-A10D|Current|(1994-    )|Pollen extract|C04-A07F, C04-B04C2||
C04-A10D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Pollen extract (genetically engineered)|C04-A07F, C04-B04C2||
C04-A10F|Current|(1994-    )|Root extracts|C04-A07F2||
C04-A10F0E|Current|(1994-    )|Root extracts (genetically engineered)|B04-A07F2||
C04-A10G|Current|(1994-    )|Seed, seed husk, seed meal, cereal, grain and nut extracts|C04-A07F2||
C04-A10G0E|Current|(1994-    )|Seed, seed husk, seed meal, cereal, grain and nut extracts (genetically engineered)|C04-A07F2||
C04-A10H|Current|(1994-    )|Wood shaving, bark, sawdust extracts|C04-A07F2||
C04-A10H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Wood shaving, bark, sawdust extracts (genetically engineered)|C04-A07F2||
C04-A10J|Current|(1994-    )|Straw, hay, stem and sap extracts|C04-A07F2||
C04-A10J0E|Current|(1994-    )|Straw, hay, stem and sap extracts (genetically engineered)|C04-A07F2||
C04-A10K|Current|(2006-    )|Fruit extract|||
C04-A10K0E|Current|(2006-    )|Fruit extract (genetically engineered)|||
C04-A98|Current|(2012-    )|Patent with herbal composition|||
C04-A99|Current|(2012-    )|Patent with hybrid plant|||
C04-B|Current||Animal, microbiological and general extracts|||
C04-B01|Retired|(1963-1965)|Oils, fats [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
C04-B01A|Current|(1965-    )|Halogenated oils, waxes etc.|||
C04-B01B|Current|(1965-    )|Fats, lanolin, lipids, glycolipids|||
C04-B01C|Current||Oils and waxes [general]|||
C04-B01C1|Current|(1986-    )|Vegetable oils and waxes||e.g. sunflower oil, soy bean oil, cotton seed oil.|
C04-B01C2|Current|(1986-    )|ANIMAL OILS AND WAXES||E.g. spermaceti, cod liver oil, honeycomb and beeswax.|
C04-B01C3|Current|(1986-    )|Mineral oils and waxes||e.g. vaseline, petroleum, liquid paraffin and synthetic oils.|
C04-B01D|Current|(2010-    )|Other oil and wax derivatives|B04-B01C|Oils and waxes that are hydrogenated and/or modified by a polymer. May be applied in conjunction with codes from B04-B01C|Hydrogenated oils/waxs, polyoxyethylated oils/waxes
C04-B02|Retired|(1963-1965)|Microorganisms, hormones, enzymes [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
C04-B02A|Current|(1965-    )|Gibberellins|||
C04-B02B|Retired|(1965-1993)|Microorganisms [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C04-F01 as of 199401.|
C04-B02B1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Bacteria*||*Code retired, searched under C04-F10+ as of 199401. E.g. Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Rickettsia.|
C04-B02B2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Fungi*||*Code retired, searched under C04-F09+ as of 199401. E.g. Candida, Aspergillus, Streptomyces.|
C04-B02B3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Algae*||*Code retired, searched under C04-F08 as of 199401. E.g. Spirella.|
C04-B02B4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Viruses*||*Code retired, searched under C04-F11 as of 199401.|
C04-B02B5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Other microorganisms*||*Code retired, searched under C04-F06; C04-F07; C04-F10A4 as of 199401. E.g. Mycoplasma.|
C04-B02C|Retired|(1965-1993)|Enzymes [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C04-L01 as of 199401. The code C04-B02C is used when the type of enzyme is unspecified. When specific enzymes are given then these are coded in C04-B02C1 to C04-B02C7 in preference to C04-B02C.|
C04-B02C1|Retired|(1977-1993)|Coenzymes*||*Code retired, searched under C04-L02 as of 199401.|
C04-B02C2|Retired|(1977-1993)|Oxidoreductases*||*Code retired, searched under C04-L03+ as of 199401.|
C04-B02C3|Retired|(1977-1993)|Hydrolases*||*Code retired, searched under C04-L05+ as of 199401. E.g. chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, fibrinolysin, streptokinase, streptodorinase, collagenase, plasmin, plasminogen.|
C04-B02C4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Transferases*||*Code retired, searched under C04-L04+ as of 199401.|
C04-B02C5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Lyases*||*Code retired, searched under C04-L06 as of 199401.|
C04-B02C6|Retired|(1986-1993)|Isomerases*||*Code retired, searched under C04-L07 as of 199401.|
C04-B02C7|Retired|(1986-1993)|Ligases (synthetases)*||*Code retired, searched under C04-L08 as of 199401.|
C04-B02D|Retired|(1965-1993)|Hormones and steroids [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C04-J01; C04-J02; C04-J03; C04-J04; C04-J05 as of 199401. The code C12-G04 or C04-C01 is not additionally applied with C04-B02D2 to C04-B02D4 unless a structure is given in the patent.|
C04-B02D1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Steroidal hormones (no complete structure)*||*Code retired, searched under C04-J02 as of 199401.|
C04-B02D2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Pancreatic hormones*||*Code retired, searched under C04-J03+ as of 199401.|
C04-B02D3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Thyroid and parathyroid hormone*||*Code retired, searched under C04-J04+ as of 199401. E.g. calcitonin, thyrocalcitonin, parathyroid hormone and their derivatives.|
C04-B02D4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Pituitary gland hormones*||*Code retired, searched under C04-J05+ as of 199401. E.g. neurohypophyseal, intermedin, chromophorotropic, melanocyte stimulating, melanophoric hormone, adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH) corticotropic, follicle stimulating (FSH), interstitial call stimulating, prolactin, ammotrophin, somatotropin, thyroid stimulating, thyrotropic, thyrotropin, vasopressin, chorionic gonadotropin, luteinising, growth and their derivatives.|
C04-B02E|Retired|(1975-1993)|Prostaglandins*||*Code retired, searched under C04-H03+ as of 199401. From 197501 prostaglandins were coded C04-B02E only and no longer according to their chemical structure.|
C04-B03|Current|(1965-    )|Nucleosides and nucleotides [general]||Coenzymes which are nucleotides are also coded C04-B02C1 (before 1994) or C04-L02 (from 1994). Nucleosides and nucleotides containing xanthine bases are coded C04-B03+ and not C04-A06.|
C04-B03A|Current|(1986-    )|Nucleosides||e.g. Adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine, thymidine. From 2005 chemically modified nucleosides are coded C04-B03D.|
C04-B03B|Current|(1986-    )|Nucleotides||e.g. Adenylic acid, cytidylic acid. From 2005 chemically modified nucleotides are coded C04-B03E.|
C04-B03C|Current|(1994-    )|Oligonucleotides|C04-B04A1, C04-B03B|This code is applied whenever the term Oligonucleotide is used in a patent, or otherwise to chains of 3 to 6 nucleotide units.|
C04-B03D|Current|(2005-    )|Modified nucleosides||E.g. C in ring, open chain structure. Compounds where the only modification is a deoxyribose sugar are searched as nucleosides.|
C04-B03E|Current|(2005-    )|Modified nucleotides||E.g. C in ring, open chain structure. Compounds where the only modification is a deoxyribose sugar are searched as nucleotides.|
C04-B04|Retired|(1963-1965)|Animal extract [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
C04-B04A|Retired|(1965-1993)|Proteins, nucleic acids, cells [general]*|C04-E01, C04-F01, C04-N04, C04-N05, C04-N06|*Code retired, searched under C04-E01; C04-F01; C04-N04; C04-N05; C04-N06 as of 199401. For antigens see C04-B04C.|
C04-B04A1|Retired|(1986-1993)|DNA, vector DNA, RNA, nucleic acids*|C04-E02+, C04-E03+, C04-E04, C04-E05, C04-E06, C04-E07, C04-E08|*Code retired, searched under C04-E02+; C04-E03+; C04-E04; C04-E05; C04-E06; C04-E07; C04-E08 as of 199401.|
C04-B04A2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Plant cells*|C04-F08|*Code retired, searched under C04-F08 as of 199401.|
C04-B04A3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Animal cells*|C04-F02, C04-F05, C04-F07|*Code retired, searched under C04-F02; C04-F05; C04-F07 as of 199401. For blood cells see C04-B04D, microbial cells see C04-B02B (1965-1993) and C04-F01 (as of 199401).|
C04-B04A4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Proteins from plants and mushrooms*|C04-N01+|*Code retired, searched under C04-N01+ as of 199401. E.g. gluten.|
C04-B04A5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Proteins from microorganisms*|C04-N03+|*Code retired, searched under C04-N03+ as of 199401.|
C04-B04A6|Retired|(1986-1993)|Proteins from animals or insects*|C04-N02+|*Code retired, searched under C04-N02+ as of 199401. E.g. gelatin, egg white, glycoproteins, gamma globulins, silk.|
C04-B04B|Current|(1965-    )|Animal excrements [general]|||
C04-B04B1|Current|(1994-    )|Urine|C04-B04B||
C04-B04B2|Current|(1994-    )|Faeces|C04-B04B||
C04-B04C|Current|(1965-    )|Antigens, general antibody (pre-94)|C04-G01||
C04-B04C1|Current|(1986-    )|Microbial antigen||When used as a vaccine then C02-V02 is coded (before 1994) or C14-S11+ (from 1994).|
C04-B04C2|Current|(1986-    )|Other antigens||Material which is antigenic is also coded.|
C04-B04C3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Microbial antibody*|C04-G07, C04-G08, C04-G09|*Code retired, searched under C04-G07; C04-G08; C04-G09 as of 199401.|
C04-B04C4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Anticancer antibody*|C04-G05|*Code retired, searched under C04-G05 as of 199401.|
C04-B04C5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Monoclonal antibody*|C04-G21|*Code retired, searched under C04-G21 as of 199401.|
C04-B04C6|Retired|(1986-1993)|Other antibody including immunoglobulin and haemaglutinin*|C04-G02, C04-G03, C04-G04, C04-G06, C04-G10, C04-G20, C04-G22|*Code retired, searched under C04-G02; C04-G03; C04-G04; C04-G06; C04-G10; C04-G20; C04-G22 as of 199401.|
C04-B04C7|Current|(1994-    )|Haptens|C04-B04C||
C04-B04C8|Current|(2005-    )|Cancer antigen|||
C04-B04C9|Current|(2005-    )|Allergen||An antigenic substance capable of producing immediate type hypersensitivity (i.e. an allergic reaction). The specific substance which is antigenic (e.g. C04-A08C2 + C04-A09C for pollen).|
C04-B04D|Current|(1965-    )|Blood and derivatives general|||
C04-B04D1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Blood cells and derivs (leucocytes, erythrocytes, lymphocytes)*|C04-F04|*Code retired, searched under C04-F04 as of 199401. Including leucocytes, erythrocytes, lymphocytes. These are not coded under C04-B04A3.|
C04-B04D2|Current|(1986-    )|Blood proteins||Excluding blood factors. e.g. serum albumin, haemoglobin, fibrinogen (prior to 198601 see also C04-B04A).|
C04-B04D3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Blood factors*|C04-H01, C04-H13, C04-H14, C04-H15, C04-H19|*Code retired, searched under C04-H01; C04-H13; C04-H14; C04-H15; C04-H19 as of 199401. E.g. clotting factors, thrombin (see also C04-B02C3 (1997-1993) and C04-L05+ (from 199401) for prothrombin, fibrinogen).|
C04-B04D4|Current|(1986-    )|Blood serum, plasma||Excluding C04-B04D2/3.|
C04-B04D5|Current|(1986-    )|Whole blood||Excluding C04-B04D1 to C04-B04D4.|
C04-B04E|Current|(1965-    )|Bone, marrow, nails, skin, teeth||Includes horn extract,shell extract,hair and shell powder|Oyster shell/Shell powder
C04-B04F|Retired|(1965-1993)|Enzyme inhibitors*|C04-M01|*Code retired, searched under C04-M01 as of 199401.|
C04-B04G|Current|(1965-    )|Gland extracts||Includes saliva, snake venom and musk.|
C04-B04H|Current|(1965-    )|Organ extracts||Including extracts from all body organs, such as, heart, kidney, liver, placenta, nerve, brain, lung, pancreas, intestine, stomach.|
C04-B04J|Retired|(1965-1993)|Metabolic factors*|C04-H01, C04-H04+, C04-H06+, C04-H08, C04-H09, C04-H10, C04-H12, C04-H13, C04-H14, C04-H16, C04-H17, C04-H18|*Code retired, searched under C04-H01; C04-H04+; C04-H06+; C04-H08; C04-H09; C04-H10; C04-H12; C04-H13; C04-H14; C04-H16; C04-H17; C04-H18 as of 199401.|
C04-B04K|Current|(1965-    )|Milk||Including derivatives.|
C04-B04L|Current|(1965-    )|Other mammalian extracts||This code is used for mammalian extracts only (from 1994). For whole mammals see C04-P.|
C04-B04M|Current|(1965-    )|Other non-mammalian extracts||This code is used for non-mammalian extracts only (from 1994). For whole animals see C04-P.|
C04-B04M1|Current|(2012-    )|Arthropod|||
C04-B04M2|Current|(2012-    )|Amphibian|||
C04-B04M3|Current|(2012-    )|Reptile|||
C04-B04M4|Current|(2012-    )|Fish|||
C04-B04M5|Current|(2012-    )|Avian|||
C04-B04M6|New|(2017-    )|Trochozoa||Includes annelids (worms) and molluscs.|
C04-B04N|Old|(2014-2014)|Avian eggs|||
C04-B04N|Current|(2015-    )|Eggs||Used where the source of the eggs is not specified or where all three sub-codes are applicable. Also includes egg parts and extracts. Avian eggs code as C04-B04N1 from 201501.|
C04-B04N1|Current|(2015-    )|Avian eggs|||
C04-B04N2|Current|(2015-    )|Fish eggs, fish roe|||
C04-B04N3|Current|(2015-    )|Eggs from other sources||Includes insect and reptile eggs.|
C04-C|Current||Polymers||The generic codes C04-C01, C04-C02 and C04-C03 are only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. Therefore when a specific code is searched, the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
C04-C01|Current||Polypeptides [general]||Polypeptides containing four or more peptide units are coded from C04-C01A to C04-C01G only, tripeptides are coded both C04-C01A and according to their chemical structure (in C05 to C10) and dipeptides are coded according to their chemical structures only. Cystine represents two amino acid residues. Polypeptide/protein sequences are further coded under C04-N.|
C04-C01A|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 3 to 5 alpha amino acid residues|||
C04-C01B|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 6 to 10 alpha amino acid residues|||
C04-C01C|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 11 to 15 alpha amino acid residues|||
C04-C01D|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 16 to 20 alpha amino acid residues|||
C04-C01E|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 21 to 25 alpha amino acid residues|||
C04-C01F|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 26 to 30 alpha amino acid residues|||
C04-C01G|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides with 31 or more alpha amino acid residues||This code also includes proteins of defined amino acid sequence.|
C04-C01H|Current|(2005-    )|Modified and/or cyclic peptides||Includes analogs. Should be applied in conjunction with a length code selected from C04-C01A to C04-C01G. Not used for peptides cyclised purely by disulphide bridge formation.|
C04-C02|Current||Polysaccharides [general]||These must contain at least 7 sugar residues in sequence.|
C04-C02A|Current|(1986-    )|Cellulose and derivatives|||
C04-C02A1|Current|(1986-    )|Unmodified cellulose|||
C04-C02A2|Current|(1986-    )|Cellulose ethers||e.g. carboxymethylcellulose.|
C04-C02A3|Current|(1986-    )|Cellulose esters||e.g. cellulose acetate.|
C04-C02B|Current|(1986-    )|Starch, dextrin and derivatives|||
C04-C02B1|Current|(1986-    )|Cyclodextrin and derivatives|||
C04-C02B2|Current|(1986-    )|Unmodified starch|||
C04-C02B3|Current|(2010-    )|Modified Starch|B04-C02B|Includes derivatives of starch such as carboxymethyl starch|
C04-C02B4|Current|(2012-    )|Dextrin|||
C04-C02C|Current|(1986-    )|Dextran|||
C04-C02D|Old|(1986-2011)|Polysaccharides from plant||Excluding cellulose, starch, dextran. Including pectin, plant gums, alginates, agar.|
C04-C02D|Current|(2012-    )|Polysaccharides from plant||Excluding cellulose, starch, dextran, dextrin. Including pectin, plant gums, alginates, agar|
C04-C02E|Old|(1986-2011)|Polysaccharides from animal, bird, reptile, or insect|||
C04-C02E|Current|(2012-    )|Polysaccharides from animal, bird, reptile or arthropod|||
C04-C02E1|Current|(1986-    )|Heparin (optionally modified)|||
C04-C02E2|Current|(1986-    )|Chondroitin (optionally modified)|||
C04-C02E3|Current|(1986-    )|Chitin (optionally modified)||C04-C02F may be also searched if chitin is obtained from fungal source.|
C04-C02E4|Current|(2012-    )|Hyaluronic Acid (optionally modified)|||
C04-C02F|Current|(1986-    )|Polysaccharides from microbial sources||Polysaccharide which is modified microbiologically can be also searched under the code for the original polysaccharide.|
C04-C02V|Current|(1994-    )|Lipopolysaccharide|C04-C02, C04-B01B||
C04-C02X|Current|(1994-    )|Oligosaccharides||This code is applied whenever the term oligosaccharide is used in a patent, or otherwise to chains of 3 to 6 sugar units. Tetrahydropyran(furan) are not coded unless they are ring modified.|
C04-C03|Current||Polymers [general]|||
C04-C03A|Current|(1975-    )|Poly N-vinyl-lactams|||
C04-C03B|Current|(1975-    )|Other addition polymer [exc. poly N-vinyl lactams]**|||
C04-C03C|Current|(1975-    )|Polyethers||Including thioethers and sulphides.|
C04-C03D|Current|(1994-    )|Natural, other condensation [exc. polyether]|||
C04-C03E|Current|(2002-    )|Dendrimers|||
C04-C03E0E|Current|(2002-    )|Dendrimers genetically engineered|||
C04-C03F|Current|(2005-    )|Silicones|C04-C03D||
C04-D|Current||Other natural products|||
C04-D01|Current||Sugars (mono- or disaccharides)||This code is used for sugars of undefined structure only, or when the sugar is an essential ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition.|
C04-D01A|Current|(2011-    )|Honey|||
C04-D02|Current||Other natural products||Includes any other natural product not covered by other codes e.g.clay, minerals, etc|
C04-D03|Current|(1994-    )|Biomass|C04-A07D, C04-A07F, C04-B02B, C04-B04B, C04-B04L, C04-B04M||
C04-E|Current||Nucleic acids||E suffix is not appended to the codes in this section.|
C04-E01|Current|(1994-    )|Nucleic acid general and other|C04-B04A1|This code covers only non-specific or general nucleic acid. It is not used to replace three or more codes for specific forms of DNA/RNA which are all coded individually in section C04-E02 to C04-E08. For example, if a patent claims: 1) a DNA construct coding for 5-HT receptor, 2) a vector, 3) a nucleic acid probe, 4) antisense oligonucleotide, the codes are: C04-B03C, C04-E03D, C04-E05, C04-E06, C04-E08.|
C04-E02|Current|(1994-    )|Altered DNA coding sequences|C04-B04A1|This code includes engineered, recombinant constructs, chimeric genes, heterologous genes, fusion genes, allelic variants, mutant allele and RNA transcripts.|
C04-E02A|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for antibodies|C04-B04A1||
C04-E02B|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for modifiers of cell function and growth|C04-B04A1||
C04-E02C|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for hormones|C04-B04A1||
C04-E02D|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for receptors|C04-B04A1||
C04-E02E|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for enzymes|C04-B04A1||
C04-E02F|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for other protein/polypeptide|C04-B04A1||
C04-E02G|Current|(2002-    )|Oncogene|||
C04-E02H|Current|(2002-    )|Encoding fusion protein|||
C04-E02J|Current|(2007-    )|Nucleic acids encoding antigens|C04-E02F|For altered nucleic acid sequences of this nature|
C04-E02K|Current|(2009-    )|Encoding nucleic acid|||
C04-E03|Current|(1994-    )|Other DNA coding sequences|C04-B04A1|These codes cover wild type genes and their fragments, and include their RNA transcripts.|
C04-E03A|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for antibodies|C04-B04A1||
C04-E03B|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for modifiers of cell function and growth|C04-B04A1||
C04-E03C|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for hormones|C04-B04A1||
C04-E03D|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for receptors|C04-B04A1||
C04-E03E|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for enzymes|C04-B04A1||
C04-E03F|Current|(1994-    )|Coding for other protein/polypeptide|C04-B04A1||
C04-E03G|Current|(2002-    )|Oncogene|||
C04-E03H|Retired|(2002-2008)|Encoding fusion protein*||*Code applied only from 2002-2008 and then withdrawn.|
C04-E03J|Current|(2007-    )|Nucleic acids encoding antigens|C04-E03F|For wild type nucleic acid sequences of this nature|
C04-E03K|Current|(2009-    )|Encoding nucleic acid|||
C04-E04|Current|(1994-    )|Promoters, enhancers, regulatory sequences|C04-B04A1||
C04-E05|Current|(1994-    )|Primers, probes||Probes are coded in conjunction with C12-K04G codes, e.g. a probe for detecting cancer is coded C04-E05 and C12-K04G2A.|
C04-E06|Current|(1994-    )|Antisense sequences|C04-B04A1|Excluding antisense probes.|
C04-E07|Current|(1994-    )|Other non-coding sequences|C04-B04A1|This code includes ribozyme, ribosomal, transfer, mitochondrial.|
C04-E07A|Current|(2005-    )|Ribozyme||An RNA molecule that has catalytic activity.|
C04-E07B|Current|(2005-    )|Dnazyme|||
C04-E07C|Current|(2005-    )|Sirna (short interfering RNA)||Double stranded short RNA molecules that bind to RNA and target them for degradation and/or destruction.|
C04-E07D|Current|(2005-    )|Mirna (micro RNA)||Micro RNA.|
C04-E07E|Current|(2006-    )|Small hairpin RNA|||
C04-E07F|Current|(2007-    )|Aptamer|C04-E07||
C04-E08|Current|(1994-    )|Vectors, plasmids, cosmids, transposons|C04-B04A1|Viral vector is coded under virus.|
C04-E09|Current|(2002-    )|Single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)|||
C04-E10|Current|(2002-    )|Peptide nucleic acid|||
C04-E11|Current|(2002-    )|Other analog nucleic acid|||
C04-E12|Current|(2002-    )|Reporter/marker nucleic acid|||
C04-E13|Current|(2015-    )|CRISPR||Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Includes SPIDR (Spacer Interspersed Direct Repeats). May be additionally searched with CRISPR nuclease (C04-L05A2) if the system also contains a claimed enzymatic component e.g. CRISPR/Cas system.|
C04-E99|Current|(2008-    )|Patent with Geneseq record|||
C04-F|Current||Cells, microorganisms, transformants, hosts||E suffix is appended to codes for cells which are products of genetic manipulation, but not to naturally occurring mutant microbial strains, cell fusion products or chemical mutagenesis products.|
C04-F01|Current|(1994-    )|Cells, microorganisms, transformants, hosts, cell lines, tissue [general]|C04-B02B, C04-B04A, C04-B04D1||
C04-F0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Cells, microorganisms, transformants, hosts, cell lines, tissue [general] (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B, C04-B04A, C04-B04D1||
C04-F02|Current|(1994-    )|Mammal (including human)|C04-B04A3||
C04-F0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Mammal (including human) (genetically engineered)|C04-B04A3||
C04-F02A|Current|(2002-    )|Cancer cells/carcinoma|||
C04-F02A0E|Current|(2002-    )|Cancer cells/carcinoma (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F02B|Current|(2005-    )|Stem cells|C04-B02D|Cell that can replicate indefinitely and differentiate into other cells.|
C04-F02B0E|Current|(2005-    )|Stem cells (genetically engineered)|C04-B02D|Cell that can replicate indefinitely and differentiate into other cells.|
C04-F02C|New|(2017-    )|Progenitor cells||Cell that is more advanced than a stem cell, giving rise to a distinct cell lineage.|
C04-F02C0E|New|(2017-    )|Progenitor cells (genetically engineered)||Cell that is more advanced than a stem cell, giving rise to a distinct cell lineage.|
C04-F03|Current|(1994-    )|Sperm, ova (germ cells)|C04-B02D||
C04-F0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Sperm, ova (germ cells) (genetically engineered)|C04-B02D||
C04-F04|Current|(1994-    )|Blood cells (general)|C04-B04D1|This code covers non-specific blood cells or when three or more specific types of blood cells are mentioned.|
C04-F0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Blood cells (genetically engineered)|C04-B04D1|This code covers non-specific blood cells or when three or more specific types of blood cells are mentioned.|
C04-F04A|Current|(2006-    )|Red blood cells|||
C04-F04A0E|Current|(2006-    )|Red blood cells (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F04B|Current|(2006-    )|White blood cells (general)||This code is used when non-specific white blood cells are mentioned or when three or more white blood cell types are mentioned.|
C04-F04B0E|Current|(2006-    )|White blood cells (general) (genetically engineered)||This code is used when non-specific white blood cells are mentioned or when three or more white blood cell types are mentioned.|
C04-F04B1|Current|(2006-    )|Lymphocytes|||
C04-F04B1A|Current|(2006-    )|T-lymphocytes|||
C04-F04B1B|Current|(2006-    )|B-lymphocytes|||
C04-F04B1E|Current|(2006-    )|Lymphocytes (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F04B2|Current|(2006-    )|Other white blood cells|||
C04-F04B2A|Current|(2006-    )|Dendritic cells|||
C04-F04B2B|Current|(2006-    )|Macrophages|||
C04-F04B2C|Current|(2006-    )|Neutrophil|||
C04-F04B2D|Current|(2006-    )|Others|||
C04-F04B2E|Current|(2006-    )|Other white blood cells (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F05|Current|(1994-    )|Hybridoma|C04-B04A3||
C04-F0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Hybridoma (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A3||
C04-F05A|Current|(2005-    )|Chimeric and fused cells||Cells comprising or formed from components derived from two separate cell types, not including hybridomas coded under C04-F05.|
C04-F05A0E|Current|(2005-    )|Chimeric and fused cells (genetically engineered)||Cells comprising or formed from components derived from two separate cell types, not including hybridomas coded under C04-F05.|
C04-F06|Current|(1994-    )|Protozoa|C04-B02B5||
C04-F0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Protozoa (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B5||
C04-F07|Current|(1994-    )|Other animal|C04-B04A3||
C04-F0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Other animal (genetically engineered)|C04-B04A3||
C04-F07A|Current|(2002-    )|Arthropod|||
C04-F07A0E|Current|(2002-    )|Arthropod (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F07B|Current|(2002-    )|Amphibian cell|||
C04-F07B0E|Current|(2002-    )|Amphibian cell (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F07C|Current|(2002-    )|Reptile cell|||
C04-F07C0E|Current|(2002-    )|Reptile cell (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F07D|Current|(2002-    )|Fish cell|||
C04-F07D0E|Current|(2002-    )|Fish cell (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F07E|Current|(2006-    )|Avian cell|||
C04-F07E0E|Current|(2006-    )|Transgenic avian cell|||
C04-F08|Current|(1994-    )|Plant/algae|C04-B04A2, C04-B02B3||
C04-F0800E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant/algae (genetically engineered)|C04-B04A2, C04-B02B3||
C04-F08A|Current|(2008-    )|Algae||Includes diatoms.|
C04-F08A0E|Current|(2008-    )|Algae (genetically engineered)||Includes diatoms.|
C04-F09|Current|(1994-    )|Yeast/fungus general and other|C04-B02B2||
C04-F0900E|Current|(1994-    )|Yeast/fungus general and other (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B2||
C04-F09A|Current|(1994-    )|Aspergillus|C04-B02B2|e.g. A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. oryzae.|
C04-F09A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Aspergillus (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B2|e.g. A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. oryzae.|
C04-F09B|Current|(1994-    )|Neurospora|C04-B02B2|e.g. N. crassa.|
C04-F09B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Neurospora (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B2|e.g. N. crassa.|
C04-F09C|Current|(1994-    )|Saccharomyces|C04-B02B2|e.g. S. pombe, S. cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)|
C04-F09C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Saccharomyces (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B2|e.g. S. pombe, S. cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)|
C04-F09D|Current|(2005-    )|Pichia pastoris yeast|||
C04-F09D0E|Current|(2005-    )|Pichia pastoris yeast (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F09E|Current|(2012-    )|Multicellular fungi, non-higher|||
C04-F09E0E|Current|(2012-    )|Multicellular fungi, non-higher (genetically engineered)|||
C04-F10|Current|(1994-    )|Bacteria [general]|C04-B02B1||
C04-F1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Bacteria [general] (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-negative genera, general and other|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-negative genera, general and other (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A1|Current|(1994-    )|Bordetella|C04-B02B1|e.g. B. pertussis.|
C04-F10A1E|Current|(1994-    )|Bordetella (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A2|Current|(1994-    )|Borrelia|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A2E|Current|(1994-    )|Borrelia (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A3|Current|(1994-    )|Escherichia|C04-B02B1|e.g. E. coli.|
C04-F10A3E|Current|(1994-    )|Escherichia (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A4|Current|(1994-    )|Mycoplasma|C04-B02B1|e.g. M. pneumoniae, M. mycoides.|
C04-F10A4E|Current|(1994-    )|Mycoplasma (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A5|Current|(1994-    )|Neisseria|C04-B02B1|e.g. N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitides.|
C04-F10A5E|Current|(1994-    )|Neisseria (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A6|Current|(1994-    )|Pseudomonas|C04-B02B1|e.g. P. aeruginosa, P. mallei.|
C04-F10A6E|Current|(1994-    )|Pseudomonas (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A7|Current|(1994-    )|Rickettsia|C04-B02B1|e.g. R. prowazekii.|
C04-F10A7E|Current|(1994-    )|Rickettsia (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A8|Current|(1994-    )|Salmonella|C04-B02B1|e.g. S. typhi.|
C04-F10A8E|Current|(1994-    )|Salmonella (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10A9|Current|(1994-    )|Vibrio|C04-B02B1|e.g. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus.|
C04-F10A9E|Current|(1994-    )|Vibrio (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10B|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-positive genera, general and other|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-positive genera, general and other (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10B1|Current|(1994-    )|Bacillus|C04-B02B1|e.g. B. subtilis.|
C04-F10B1E|Current|(1994-    )|Bacillus (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10B2|Current|(1994-    )|Mycobacteria|C04-B02B1|e.g. M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. leprae, M. phlei.|
C04-F10B2E|Current|(1994-    )|Mycobacteria (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10B3|Current|(1994-    )|Staphylococcus|C04-B02B1|e.g. S. aureus, S. epidermidis.|
C04-F10B3E|Current|(1994-    )|Staphylococcus (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10B4|Current|(1994-    )|Streptococcus|C04-B02B1|e.g. S. pyogenes, S. faecalis.|
C04-F10B4E|Current|(1994-    )|Streptococcus (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F10B5|Current|(1994-    )|Streptomyces|C04-B02B1|e.g. S. griseus, S. scabies.|
C04-F10B5E|Current|(1994-    )|Streptomyces (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B1||
C04-F11|Current|(1994-    )|Viruses|C04-B02B4|Including bacteriophage lambda and viral vectors.|
C04-F1100E|Current|(1994-    )|Viruses (genetically engineered)|C04-B02B4|Including bacteriophage lambda and viral vectors.|
C04-F11A|Current|(2005-    )|DNA virus general||Virus that infects foreign DNA into host cell, which then produces viral protein.|
C04-F11A0E|Current|(2005-    )|DNA virus general (genetically engineered)||Virus that infects foreign DNA into host cell, which then produces viral protein.|
C04-F11A1|Current|(2007-    )|Adenovirus|C04-F11A||
C04-F11A1E|Current|(2007-    )|Adenovirus (genetically engineered)|C04-F11A||
C04-F11B|Current|(2005-    )|RNA virus general||Virus that infects foreign RNA into host cell, where the DNA sequence is then transcribed and viral protein produced. Includes retrovirus.|
C04-F11B0E|Current|(2005-    )|RNA virus general (genetically engineered)||Virus that infects foreign RNA into host cell, where the DNA sequence is then transcribed and viral protein produced. Includes retrovirus.|
C04-F11B1|Current|(2007-    )|Retrovirus|C04-F11B||
C04-F11B1E|Current|(2007-    )|Retrovirus (genetically engineered)|C04-F11B||
C04-F12|Current|(2005-    )|Minicells and organelles||E.g. mitochondria and any sub-cellular particle.|
C04-F1200E|New|(2017-    )|Minicells and organelles (genetically engineered)||E.g. mitochondria and any sub-cellular particle.|
C04-F13|Current|(2010-    )|Platelets|||
C04-G|Current|(1994-    )|Antibody defined in terms of antigen||E suffix is appended only when the antibody is produced by genetic methods beyond standard hybridoma technology.|
C04-G01|Current|(1994-    )|General and other||Also includes general and unspecified immunoglobulins (specific immunoglobulins may be searched under the heading C04-G27).|
C04-G0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Antibody defined in terms of antigen general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C||
C04-G01A|Current|(2005-    )|Chimeric antibody||An antibody genetically engineered to contain the variable fragment from one species fused to the constant region from another species.|
C04-G01B|Current|(2005-    )|Human antibody||An antibody produced from a single human cell line.|
C04-G01B0E|Current|(2005-    )|Human antibody (genetically engineered)||Not for chimeric or humanised antibodies; use C04-G01A or C04-G01C.|
C04-G01C|Current|(2005-    )|Humanized antibody||An antibody from a single cell line genetically engineered to contain around 90% human protein, reducing the likelihood of an immune response.|
C04-G01D|Current|(2005-    )|Murine antibody||An antibody produced from a single mouse cell line.|
C04-G01D0E|Current|(2005-    )|Murine antibody (genetically engineered)||Not for chimeric or humanised antibodies; use C04-G01A or C04-G01C.|
C04-G02|Current|(1994-    )|Antimodifier of cell function and growth, antihormone antibody|C04-B04C6||
C04-G0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Antimodifier of cell function and growth, antihormone antibody (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C6||
C04-G03|Current|(1994-    )|Antienzyme antibody|C04-B04C6||
C04-G0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Antienzyme antibody (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C6||
C04-G04|Current|(1994-    )|Antireceptor antibody|C04-B04C6||
C04-G0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Antireceptor antibody (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C6||
C04-G05|Current|(1994-    )|Anticancer cell antibody|C04-B04C4||
C04-G0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Anticancer cell antibody (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C4||
C04-G06|Current|(1994-    )|Antiblood cells antibody|C04-B04C6|e.g. antibody to T-cell, B-cell.|
C04-G0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Antiblood cells antibody (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C6|e.g. antibody to T-cell, B-cell.|
C04-G07|Current|(1994-    )|Antibacteria antibody|C04-B04C3||
C04-G0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Antibacteria antibody (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C3||
C04-G08|Current|(1994-    )|Antivirus antibody|C04-B04C3||
C04-G0800E|Current|(1994-    )|Antivirus antibody (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C3||
C04-G09|Current|(1994-    )|Antimicroorganisms (other) antibody|B04-B04C3||
C04-G0900E|Current|(1994-    )|Antimicroorganisms (other) antibody (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C3||
C04-G09A|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-fungus Antibody|||
C04-G09A0E|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-fungus Antibody (genetically engineered)|||
C04-G09B|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-protozoal Antibody|||
C04-G09B0E|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-protozoal Antibody (genetically engineered)|||
C04-G10|Current|(1994-    )|Antiplant antibody|C04-B04C6||
C04-G1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Antiplant antibody (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C6||
C04-G11|Current|(2006-    )|ANTIBODY BINDING TO ANOTHER ANTIBODY||Also includes anti-idiotypic antibody.|
C04-G1100E|Current|(2006-    )|Antibody binding to another antibody (genetically engineered)||Also includes anti-idiotypic antibody.|
C04-G12|Current|(2011-    )|Anti-parasitic antibody|||
C04-G1200E|Current|(2011-    )|Anti-parasitic antibody (genetically engineered)|||
C04-G20|Current|(1994-    )|Catalytic antibodies|C04-B04C6|Including abzyme This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and may be applied in conjunction with another C04-G code.|
C04-G2000E|Current|(1994-    )|Catalytic antibodies (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C6|Including abzyme This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and may be applied in conjunction with another C04-G code.|
C04-G21|Current|(1994-    )|Monoclonal antibody|C04-B04C5|This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and may be applied in conjunction with another C04-G code.|
C04-G2100E|Current|(1994-    )|Monoclonal antibody (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C5|This code defines antibodies other than in terms of their antigen and may be applied in conjunction with another C04-G code.|
C04-G22|Current|(1994-    )|Polyclonal antibodies|C04-B04C6|This is another definition of antibodies than in terms of antigen. This code is applied in conjunction with one of C04-G01 to C04-G20.|
C04-G2200E|Current|(1994-    )|Polyclonal antibodies (genetically engineered)|C04-B04C6|This is another definition of antibodies than in terms of antigen. This code is applied in conjunction with one of C04-G01 to C04-G20.|
C04-G23|Current|(2006-    )|Antibody fragments|||
C04-G2300E|Current|(2006-    )|Antibody fragments (genetically engineered)|||
C04-G24|Current|(2006-    )|Bispecific antibodies|||
C04-G2400E|Current|(2006-    )|Bispecific antibodies (genetically engineered)|||
C04-G25|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-prion protein Antibody|||
C04-G2500E|Current|(2008-    )|Anti-prion protein Antibody (genetically engineered)|||
C04-G26|Current|(2016-    )|Heterospecific antibody||An individual antibody which can bind more than one antigen due to the presence of two or more different binding sites. May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G2600E|Current|(2016-    )|Heterospecific antibody (genetically engineered)||An individual antibody which can bind more than one antigen due to the presence of two or more different binding sites. May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulins (specific)||Only specific immunoglobulins are covered within this coding section. General and unspecified immunoglobulins should be searched using C04-G01.|
C04-G27A|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin A||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27A0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin A (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27D|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin D||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27D0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin D (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin E||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27E0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin E (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27G|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin G||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27G0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin G (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27M|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin M||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-G27M0E|Current|(2016-    )|Immunoglobulin M (genetically engineered)||May be searched in conjunction with additional codes from C04-G.|
C04-H|Current||Modifiers of cell function and growth||The term modifier of cell function and growth includes all biological response modifiers (immune system mediators) such as: prostaglandins, cytokines, monokines, interleukines, lymphokines (a subset of interleukines), CSF's, interferons, the growth factors, somatomedins and blood factors. All of these are proteins except of prostaglandins. The E suffix is appended to codes to indicate that molecules are produced by exogenous gene expression in host cells as well as derivatives modified at the genetic level.|
C04-H01|Current|(1994-    )|Modifier of cell function and growth general and other|C02-V03, C04-B02C, C04-B02E, C04-B04A, C04-B04D, C04-C01|This code is applied when either a generic term such as cytokine, is used or when a specific substance does not fit into any category covered by C04-H02 to C04-H20B. It also includes blood factors general and other.|
C04-H0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Modifier of cell function and growth general and other (genetically engineered)|B02-V03, B04-B02C, C04-B02E, C04-B04A, C04-B04D, C04-C01|This code is applied when either a generic term such as cytokine, is used or when a specific substance does not fit into any category covered by C04-H02 to C04-H20B. It also includes blood factors general and other.|
C04-H02|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukins general and other|C04-C01G||
C04-H0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukins general and other (genetically engineered)|C04-C01G||
C04-H02A|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 1|C04-C01G||
C04-H02A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 1 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02B|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 2|C04-C01G||
C04-H02B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 2 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02C|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 3 (multi-CSF)|C04-C01G||
C04-H02C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 3 (multi-CSF) (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02D|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 4|C04-C01G||
C04-H02D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 4 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02F|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 5|C04-C01G||
C04-H02F0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 5 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02G|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 6|C04-C01G||
C04-H02G0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 6 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02H|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 7|C04-C01G||
C04-H02H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 7 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02J|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 8 (nap "neutrophil activating protein")|C04-C01G, C04-B04A||
C04-H02J0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 8 (nap "neutrophil activating protein") (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G, B04-B04A||
C04-H02K|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 9|C04-C01G||
C04-H02K0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 9 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02L|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 10|C04-C01G||
C04-H02L0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 10 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02M|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 11|C04-C01G||
C04-H02M0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 11 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02N|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 12|C04-C01G||
C04-H02N0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 12 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02P|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 13|C04-C01G||
C04-H02P0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin 13 (genetically engineered)|B04-C01G||
C04-H02Q|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 14-20|||
C04-H02Q0E|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 14-20 (genetically engineered)|||
C04-H02R|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 21-25|||
C04-H02R0E|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 21-25 (genetically engineered)|||
C04-H02S|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 26-30|||
C04-H02S0E|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 26-30 (genetically engineered)|||
C04-H02T|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 31-35|||
C04-H02T0E|Current|(2006-    )|Interleukins 31-35 (genetically engineered)|||
C04-H03|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandins general and other|C04-B02E||
C04-H03A|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin E1|C04-B02E||
C04-H03B|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin E2|C04-B02E||
C04-H03C|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin F2 alpha|C04-B02E||
C04-H03D|Current|(1994-    )|Prostacyclin (prostagladin I2)|C04-B02E, C06-A02||
C04-H03F|Current|(1994-    )|Leukotrienes|C04-B02E, C07-A03, C10-B02D, C10-C04D||
C04-H03G|Current|(1994-    )|Thromboxanes|C04-B02E, C06-A02, C07-A02||
C04-H04|Current|(1994-    )|CSF's (colony stimulating factors) general and other|C04-B04J||
C04-H0400E|Current|(1994-    )|CSF's (colony stimulating factors) general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H04A|Current|(1994-    )|G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H04A0E|Current|(1994-    )|G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H04B|Current|(1994-    )|M-CSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H04B0E|Current|(1994-    )|M-CSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H04C|Current|(1994-    )|GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H04C0E|Current|(1994-    )|GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H04D|Current|(1994-    )|MEG-CSF (megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H04D0E|Current|(1994-    )|MEG-CSF (megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H05|Current|(1994-    )|Interferons general and other|C02-V03||
C04-H0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Interferons general and other (genetically engineered)|B02-V03||
C04-H05A|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon alpha|C02-V03||
C04-H05A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon alpha (genetically engineered)|B02-V03||
C04-H05B|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon beta|C02-V03||
C04-H05B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon beta (genetically engineered)|B02-V03||
C04-H05C|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon gamma|C02-V03||
C04-H05C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon gamma (genetically engineered)|B02-V03||
C04-H06|Current|(1994-    )|Growth factors general and other|C02-V03||
C04-H0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Growth factors general and other (genetically engineered)|B02-V03||
C04-H06A|Current|(1994-    )|EGF (epidermal growth factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H06A0E|Current|(1994-    )|EGF (epidermal growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H06B|Current|(1994-    )|PDGF (platelet derived growth factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H06B0E|Current|(1994-    )|PDGF (platelet derived growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H06C|Current|(1994-    )|MDGF (macrophage derived growth factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H06C0E|Current|(1994-    )|MDGF (macrophage derived growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H06D|Current|(1994-    )|NGF (nerve growth factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H06D0E|Current|(1994-    )|NGF (nerve growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H06F|Current|(1994-    )|TGF (transforming growth factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H06F0E|Current|(1994-    )|TGF (transforming growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H06G|Current|(1994-    )|FGF (fibroblast growth factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H06G0E|Current|(1994-    )|FGF (fibroblast growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H06H|Current|(1994-    )|Somatomedins, sulphation factors|C04-B04J|This code includes IGF's (Insulin-like growth factors).|
C04-H06H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Somatomedins, sulphation factors (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J|This code includes IGF's (Insulin-like growth factors).|
C04-H06J|Current|(1994-    )|PGF (prostatic growth factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H06J0E|Current|(1994-    )|PGF (prostatic growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H06K|Current|(1994-    )|HGF (hepatocyte growth factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H06K0E|Current|(1994-    )|HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H06L|Current|(2002-    )|Bone morphogenetic protein|C04-B04J||
C04-H06L0E|Current|(2002-    )|Bone morphogenetic protein (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H06M|Current|(2006-    )|Vascular endothelial growth factor||Also known as VEGF.|
C04-H06M0E|Current|(2006-    )|Vascular endothelial growth factor (genetically engineered)||Also known as VEGF.|
C04-H07|Current|(1994-    )|Erythropoietin (epo) and Thrombopoietin|C04-B04A6, C04-B02D||
C04-H0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Erythropoietin (epo) and Thrombopoietin (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B02D||
C04-H08|Current|(1994-    )|TNF (tumor necrosis factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H0800E|Current|(1994-    )|TNF (tumor necrosis factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H09|Current|(1994-    )|LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H0900E|Current|(1994-    )|LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H10|Current|(1994-    )|Mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS)|C04-B04J||
C04-H1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H11|Current|(1994-    )|MIP (macrophage inflammatory protein)|C04-B04A6||
C04-H1100E|Current|(1994-    )|MIP (macrophage inflammatory protein) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-H12|Current|(1994-    )|Megakaryocyte potentiator|C04-B04A6, C04-B02D||
C04-H1200E|Current|(1994-    )|Megakaryocyte potentiator (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B02D||
C04-H13|Current|(1994-    )|Lymphotoxin (LT)|C04-B04A6, C04-B04D3, C04-B04J||
C04-H1300E|Current|(1994-    )|Lymphotoxin (LT) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04D3, B04-B04J||
C04-H14|Current|(1994-    )|PAF (platelet activating factor)|C04-B04D3, C04-B04J||
C04-H1400E|Current|(1994-    )|PAF (platelet activating factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04D3, B04-B04J||
C04-H15|Current|(1994-    )|PA (plasminogen activator)|C04-B04C3, C04-B04D3||
C04-H1500E|Current|(1994-    )|PA (plasminogen activator) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04C3, B04-B04D3||
C04-H16|Current|(1994-    )|SCF (stem cell factor)|C04-B04J||
C04-H1600E|Current|(1994-    )|SCF (stem cell factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04J||
C04-H17|Current|(1994-    )|T-activin (TA, thymic factor)|C04-B04A6, C04-B04J||
C04-H1700E|Current|(1994-    )|T-activin (TA, thymic factor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04J||
C04-H18|Current|(1994-    )|Activin a (EDF "erythroid differentiation factor")|C04-B04A6, C04-B04J||
C04-H1800E|Current|(1994-    )|Activin a (EDF "erythroid differentiation factor") (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04J||
C04-H19|Current|(1994-    )|Clotting factors|C04-B02C3, C04-B02D2, C04-B04D3, C04-C02B3|Including: thrombin (fibrinogenase,|
C04-H1900E|Current|(1994-    )|Clotting factors (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3, B04-B02D2, B04-B04D3, B04-C02B3|Including: thrombin (fibrinogenase,|
C04-H20|Current|(1994-    )|Adhesion molecules general and other|C04-B04A6, C04-B04C2|e.g. integrin, LFA (lymphocyte function associated antigen), ICAM/VCAM (intercellular/vascular cell adhesion molecule).|
C04-H2000E|Current|(1994-    )|Adhesion molecules general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-B04C2|e.g. integrin, LFA (lymphocyte function associated antigen), ICAM/VCAM (intercellular/vascular cell adhesion molecule).|
C04-H20A|Current|(1994-    )|Fibronectin|C04-B04A6||
C04-H20A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fibronectin (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-H20B|Current|(1994-    )|Vitronectin|C04-B04A6||
C04-H20B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Vitronectin (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-H20C|Current|(2002-    )|Muscle proteins general|||
C04-H20C0E|Current|(2002-    )|Muscle proteins (genetically engineered)|||
C04-H20C1|Current|(2002-    )|Actin|||
C04-H20C1E|Current|(2002-    )|Actin (genetically engineered)|||
C04-H20C2|Current|(2002-    )|Myosin|||
C04-H20C2E|Current|(2002-    )|Myosin (genetically engineered)|||
C04-H20C3|Current|(2002-    )|Tropomyosin|||
C04-H20C3E|Current|(2002-    )|Tropomyosin (genetically engineered)|||
C04-H21|Current|(2002-    )|Integrins|||
C04-H2100E|Current|(2002-    )|Integrins (genetically engineered)|||
C04-J|Current||Hormones|||
C04-J01|Current|(1994-    )|Hormones general and other|C04-B02D|Hormones which are not covered by the C04-J03, C04-J04 and C04-J05 general sub-headings and are not represented in C04-J06 to C04-J18 are coded here. e.g. generic terms such as hypothalamic, adrenergic, neuropeptide, gastrointestinal and insect hormones.|
C04-J0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Hormones general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D|Hormones which are not covered by the C04-J03, C04-J04 and C04-J05 general sub-headings and are not represented in C04-J06 to C04-J18 are coded here. e.g. generic terms such as hypothalamic, adrenergic, neuropeptide, gastrointestinal and insect hormones.|
C04-J02|Current|(1994-    )|Steroidal hormones (no structure)|C04-B02D1|Includes all steroids where no structure is given.|
C04-J03|Current|(1994-    )|Pancreatic hormone general and other|C04-B02D2|Including pancreatic polypeptide.|
C04-J0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Pancreatic hormone general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D2|Including pancreatic polypeptide.|
C04-J03A|Current|(1994-    )|Insulin|C04-B02D2||
C04-J03A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Insulin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D2||
C04-J03B|Current|(1994-    )|Glucagon|C04-B02D2||
C04-J03B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Glucagon (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D2||
C04-J04|Current|(1994-    )|Thyroid and parathyroid general and other|C04-B02D3|N.B.thyroxine is coded C10-B2E.|
C04-J0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Thyroid and parathyroid general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D3|N.B.thyroxine is coded C10-B2E.|
C04-J04A|Current|(1994-    )|Calcitonin|C04-B02D3||
C04-J04A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Calcitonin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D3||
C04-J04B|Current|(1994-    )|Parathyroid hormone|C04-B02D3||
C04-J04B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Parathyroid hormone (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D3||
C04-J05|Current|(1994-    )|Pituitary gland hormones general and other|C04-B02D4|Including prolactin and human growth hormone.|
C04-J0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Pituitary gland hormones general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4|Including prolactin and human growth hormone.|
C04-J05A|Current|(1994-    )|Oxytocin|C04-B02D4||
C04-J05A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Oxytocin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
C04-J05B|Current|(1994-    )|ADH (antidiuretic hormone)|C04-B02D4|Also known as vasopressin.|
C04-J05B0E|Current|(1994-    )|ADH (antidiuretic hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4|Also known as vasopressin.|
C04-J05D|Current|(1994-    )|ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone "adrenocorticotropin")|C04-B02D4||
C04-J05D0E|Current|(1994-    )|ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone "adrenocorticotropin") (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
C04-J05F|Current|(1994-    )|TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)|C04-B02D4||
C04-J05F0E|Current|(1994-    )|TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
C04-J05G|Current|(1994-    )|MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)|C04-B02D4||
C04-J05G0E|Current|(1994-    )|MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
C04-J05H|Current|(1994-    )|Gonadotropins|C04-B02D4|Including FSH (=follicle stimulating hormone), LH (=luteinising hormone), HMG (=human menopausal gonadotropin).|
C04-J05H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Gonadotropins (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4|Including FSH (=follicle stimulating hormone), LH (=luteinising hormone), HMG (=human menopausal gonadotropin).|
C04-J05J|Current|(1994-    )|STH (somatotropic growth hormone)|C04-B02D4||
C04-J05J0E|Current|(1994-    )|STH (somatotropic growth hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4||
C04-J06|Current|(1994-    )|CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)|C04-B02D|Hormones covered by C04-J06 to C04-J18 are specific and other than steroidal, pancreatic, thyroid, parathyroid, and pituitary gland hormones.|
C04-J0600E|Current|(1994-    )|CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D4|Hormones covered by C04-J06 to C04-J18 are specific and other than steroidal, pancreatic, thyroid, parathyroid, and pituitary gland hormones.|
C04-J07|Current|(1994-    )|GN-RH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) (lh-rh=luteinising hormone-releasing hormone)|B04-B02D||
C04-J0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J08|Current|(1994-    )|TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)|C04-B02D||
C04-J0800E|Current|(1994-    )|TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J09|Current|(1994-    )|GH-RH, SRF (growth hormone-releasing hormone, somatotropin-releasing factor)|C04-B02D||
C04-J0900E|Current|(1994-    )|GH-RH, SRF(growth hormone-releasing hormone, somatotropin-releasing factor)(genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J10|Current|(1994-    )|Somatostatin|C04-B02D||
C04-J1000E|Current|(1994-    )|Somatostatin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J11|Current|(1994-    )|Endorphins/enkephalins|C04-B02D||
C04-J1100E|Current|(1994-    )|Endorphins/enkephalins (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J12|Current|(1994-    )|Gastrin/secretin/motilin|C04-B02D||
C04-J1200E|Current|(1994-    )|Gastrin/secretin/motilin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J13|Current|(1994-    )|Cholecystokinin (CCK-PZ, pancreozymin)|C04-B02D||
C04-J1300E|Current|(1994-    )|Cholecystokinin (CCK-PZ, pancreozymin) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J14|Current|(1994-    )|Tachykinins (substance P = SP)|C04-B02D||
C04-J1400E|Current|(1994-    )|Tachykinins (substance P = SP) (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J15|Current|(1994-    )|Neurotensin|C04-B02D||
C04-J1500E|Current|(1994-    )|Neurotensin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J16|Current|(1994-    )|Ecdysone|C04-B02D||
C04-J1600E|Current|(1994-    )|Ecdysone (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J17|Current|(1994-    )|Juvenile hormone|C04-B02D||
C04-J1700E|Current|(1994-    )|Juvenile hormone (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J18|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin|C04-B02D||
C04-J1800E|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin (genetically engineered)|B04-B02D||
C04-J19|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone|C04-B02D|Also known as MCH, a 19 amino acid cyclic neuropeptide that is expressed mainly in the hypothalamus.|
C04-J1900E|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone (genetically engineered)||Also known as MCH, a 19 amino acid cyclic neuropeptide that is expressed mainly in the hypothalamus.|
C04-J20|Current|(2014-    )|Phytohormones (no structure)||Includes cytokinins, auxins and other plant hormones where no structure is specified|
C04-J2000E|Current|(2014-    )|Phytohormones (no structure) (genetically engineered)||Includes cytokinins, auxins and other plant hormones where no structure is specified|
C04-K|Current||Receptors|||
C04-K01|Current|(1994-    )|Receptor general and other|C04-B04A6|Including orphan G-protein coupled receptors CD4:(1) is coded here when described simply as a receptor.(2) is coded C04-K01U when described as a viral receptor.|
C04-K0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Receptor general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6|Including orphan G-protein coupled receptors CD4:(1) is coded here when described simply as a receptor.(2) is coded C04-K01U when described as a viral receptor.|
C04-K01A|Current|(1994-    )|Parasympathetic receptor (cholinergic receptor)|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Parasympathetic receptor (cholinergic receptor) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01B|Current|(1994-    )|Sympathetic receptor (adrenergic receptor, alpha and beta)|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Sympathetic receptor (adrenergic receptor, alpha and beta) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01C|Current|(1994-    )|Dopamine receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Dopamine receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01D|Current|(1994-    )|Serotonin (5HT) receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Serotonin (5HT) receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01F|Current|(1994-    )|Histamine receptors|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01F0E|Current|(1994-    )|Histamine receptors (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01G|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01G0E|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01H|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin/leukotriene/thromboxane receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01H0E|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin/leukotriene/thromboxane receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01J|Current|(1994-    )|Growth factor receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01J0E|Current|(1994-    )|Growth factor receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01K|Current|(1994-    )|Other modifier of cell function and growth receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01K0E|Current|(1994-    )|Other modifier of cell function and growth receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01L|Current|(1994-    )|Steroid receptor general|C04-B04A6|e.g. mineralocorticoid, corticosteroid, oestrogen receptor.|
C04-K01L0E|Current|(1994-    )|Steroid receptor general (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6|e.g. mineralocorticoid, corticosteroid, oestrogen receptor.|
C04-K01L1|Current|(2005-    )|Androgen receptors general|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01L1E|Current|(2005-    )|Androgen receptors (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01L2|Current|(2005-    )|Estrogen receptors|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01L2E|Current|(2005-    )|Estrogen receptors (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01L3|Current|(2005-    )|Corticosteroid receptors|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01L3E|Current|(2005-    )|Corticosteroid receptors (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01L4|Current|(2005-    )|Other steroid receptors|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01L4E|Current|(2005-    )|Other steroid receptors (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01M|Current|(1994-    )|Insulin receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01M0E|Current|(1994-    )|Insulin receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01N|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01N0E|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01P|Current|(1994-    )|Other hormone receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01P0E|Current|(1994-    )|Other hormone receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01Q|Current|(1994-    )|Lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01Q0E|Current|(1994-    )|Lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01R|Current|(1994-    )|Blood cell or blood cell antigen receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01R0E|Current|(1994-    )|Blood cell or blood cell antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01S|Current|(1994-    )|Cancer cell or cancer cell antigen receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01S0E|Current|(1994-    )|Cancer cell or cancer cell antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01T|Current|(1994-    )|Bacterial or bacterial antigen receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01T0E|Current|(1994-    )|Bacterial or bacterial antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01U|Current|(1994-    )|Viral or viral antigen receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01U0E|Current|(1994-    )|Viral or viral antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01V|Current|(1994-    )|Other cell, microbe or antigen receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01V0E|Current|(1994-    )|Other cell, microbe or antigen receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01W|Current|(1994-    )|Antibody receptor|C04-B04A6||
C04-K01W0E|Current|(1994-    )|Antibody receptor (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-K01X|Current|(2002-    )|Non-steroidal nuclear (hormone) receptors|||
C04-K01X0E|Current|(2005-    )|Non-steroidal nuclear (hormone) receptors (genetically engineered)|||
C04-K01X1|Current|(2005-    )|Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (orphan receptor)||Also known as PPAR.|
C04-K01X1E|Current|(2005-    )|Ppar (genetically engineered)|||
C04-K01X2|Current|(2005-    )|Thyroid receptor|||
C04-K01X2E|Current|(2005-    )|Thyroid receptor (genetically engineered)|||
C04-K01Y|Current|(2002-    )|G-protein coupled receptor|||
C04-K01Y0E|Current|(2002-    )|G-protein receptor (genetically engineered)|||
C04-K01Y1|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone receptor|||
C04-K01Y1E|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone receptor (genetically engineered)|||
C04-K01Z|Current|(2014-    )|Enzyme Receptor|||
C04-K01Z0E|Current|(2014-    )|Enzyme Receptor (genetically engineered)|||
C04-L|Current||Enzymes||Enzyme nomenclature is based whenever possible on the classification defined by the Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature.|
C04-L01|Current|(1994-    )|Enzymes, catalytic proteins general and other|C04-B02C||
C04-L0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Enzymes, catalytic proteins general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C||
C04-L02|Current|(1994-    )|Coenzymes|C04-B02C1||
C04-L0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Coenzymes (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C1||
C04-L03|Current|(1994-    )|Oxidoreductases general and other|C04-B02C2||
C04-L0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Oxidoreductases general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2||
C04-L03A|Current|(1994-    )|Oxidases|C04-B02C2||
C04-L03A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Oxidases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2||
C04-L03B|Current|(1994-    )|Peroxidases|C04-B02C2||
C04-L03B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Peroxidases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2||
C04-L03C|Current|(1994-    )|Oxygenases|C04-B02C2|Including cytochrome P450|
C04-L03C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Oxygenases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2|Including cytochrome P450|
C04-L03D|Current|(1994-    )|Dehydrogenases, reductases|C04-B02C2||
C04-L03D0E|Current|(1994-    )|Dehydrogenases, reductases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C2||
C04-L03E|Current|(2002-    )|Lipoxygenases|||
C04-L03E0E|Current|(2002-    )|Lipoxygenases (genetically engineered)|||
C04-L04|Current|(1994-    )|Transferases general and other|C04-B02C4||
C04-L0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Transferases general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C4||
C04-L04A|Current|(1994-    )|DNA/RNA polymerases|C04-B02C4||
C04-L04A0E|Current|(1994-    )|DNA/RNA polymerases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C4||
C04-L04B|Current|(1994-    )|Reverse transcriptase|C04-B02C4||
C04-L04B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Reverse transcriptase (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C4||
C04-L04C|Current|(2005-    )|Kinases|C04-L04|Any of several enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a second substrate.|
C04-L04C0E|Current|(2005-    )|Kinases (genetically engineered)|B04-L04|Any of several enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a second substrate.|
C04-L05|Current|(1994-    )|Hydrolases general and other|C04-B02C3||
C04-L0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Hydrolases general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3||
C04-L05A|Current|(1994-    )|Esterases|C04-B02C3|Including lipases, nucleases, restriction enzymes, sulphatases, phosphatases.|
C04-L05A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Esterases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3|Including lipases, nucleases, restriction enzymes, sulphatases, phosphatases.|
C04-L05A1|Current|(2005-    )|Phosphodiesterases|||
C04-L05A1E|Current|(2005-    )|Phosphodiesterases (genetically engineered)|||
C04-L05A2|New|(2017-    )|CRISPR system nucleases||Nucleases specifically for application in CRISPR systems e.g. Cas9 and Cpf1.|
C04-L05A2E|New|(2017-    )|CRISPR system nucleases (genetically engineered)||Nucleases specifically for application in CRISPR systems e.g. Cas9 and Cpf1.|
C04-L05B|Current|(1994-    )|Glycosidases|C04-B02C3|Including amylases, cellulases, lactases.|
C04-L05B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Glycosidases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3|Including amylases, cellulases, lactases.|
C04-L05C|Current|(1994-    )|Proteases, peptide hydrolases general|C04-B02C3|Including chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, fibrinolysin, collagenases, elastases.|
C04-L05C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Proteases, peptide hydrolases general (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C3|Including chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, fibrinolysin, collagenases, elastases.|
C04-L05C1|Current|(2005-    )|Metalloprotease|||
C04-L05C1E|Current|(2005-    )|Metalloprotease (genetically engineered)|||
C04-L06|Current|(1994-    )|Lyases|C04-B02C5|Including adenyl cyclases, (de)carboxylases, aldolases, dehydratases.|
C04-L0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Lyases (genetically engineered)|C04-B02C5|Including adenyl cyclases, (de)carboxylases, aldolases, dehydratases.|
C04-L07|Current|(1994-    )|Isomerases|C04-B02C6|Including racemases, tautomerases, epimerases, mutases.|
C04-L0700E|Current|(1994-    )|Isomerases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C6|Including racemases, tautomerases, epimerases, mutases.|
C04-L08|Current|(1994-    )|Ligases|C04-B02C7|Including synthetases, some carboxylases, aromatase. Excludes synthase.|
C04-L0800E|Current|(1994-    )|Ligases (genetically engineered)|B04-B02C7|Including synthetases, some carboxylases, aromatase. Excludes synthase.|
C04-L09|Current|(2002-    )|Zymogen and other enzyme precursors|||
C04-L0900E|Current|(2002-    )|Zymogen (genetically engineered)|||
C04-M|Current||Enzyme inhibitors|||
C04-M01|Current|(1994-    )|Enzyme inhibitors general and other|C04-B04F|This code is used for enzyme inhibitors with no structure only.|
C04-M0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Enzyme inhibitors general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04F|This code is used for enzyme inhibitors with no structure only.|
C04-N|Current||Other protein/polypeptide||This code is used only when a substance is not better defined in preceding sections, e.g. a protein with adenyl cyclase activity is coded C04-L06 only.|
C04-N01|Current|(1994-    )|Plant protein/polypeptide (no sequence)|C04-B04A4, C04-C01||
C04-N0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Plant protein/polypeptide (no sequence) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A4, B04-C01||
C04-N01A|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given|C04-B04A4|Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N01A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A4|Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N01B|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given|C04-B04A4||
C04-N01B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A4||
C04-N02|Current|(1994-    )|Animal protein/polypeptide (no sequence)|C04-B04A6, C04-C01||
C04-N0200E|Current|(1994-    )|Animal protein/polypeptide (no sequence) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6, B04-C01||
C04-N02A|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given|C04-B04A6|Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N02A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6|Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N02B|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given|C04-B04A6||
C04-N02B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A6||
C04-N03|Current|(1994-    )|Microorganism protein/polypeptide (no sequence)|C04-B04A5, C04-C01||
C04-N0300E|Current|(1994-    )|Microorganism protein/polypeptide (no sequence) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A5, B04-C01||
C04-N03A|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given|C04-B04A5|Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A5|Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03B|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given|C04-B04A5||
C04-N03B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A5||
C04-N03C|Retired|(2006-2010)|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03J1 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03C0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03J1 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03D|Retired|(2006-2010)|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03J2 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03D0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03J2 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Viral protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03K1 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03E0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Viral protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03K1 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03F|Retired|(2006-2010)|Viral protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03K2 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03F0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Viral protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03K2 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03G|Retired|(2006-2010)|Fungal protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03L1 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03G0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Fungal protein/polypeptide with complete amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03L1 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03H|Retired|(2006-2010)|Fungal protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03L2 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03H0E|Retired|(2006-2010)|Fungal protein/polypeptide with fragments of amino acid sequence (genetically engineered)*||*Code applied 2006-2010, searched under C04-N03L2 as of 201101. Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N03J|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide (No sequence)|||
C04-N03J0E|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide (No sequence) (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N03J1|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence|||
C04-N03J1E|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N03J2|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence|||
C04-N03J2E|Current|(2011-    )|Bacterial protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N03K|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide (No sequence)|||
C04-N03K0E|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide (No sequence) (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N03K1|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence|||
C04-N03K1E|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N03K2|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence|||
C04-N03K2E|Current|(2011-    )|Viral protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N03L|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide (No sequence)|||
C04-N03L0E|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide (No sequence) (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N03L1|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence|||
C04-N03L1E|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide with complete aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N03L2|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence|||
C04-N03L2E|Current|(2011-    )|Fungal protein/polypeptide with fragments of aminoacid sequence (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N04|Current|(1994-    )|Protein/polypeptide of undefined origin (no sequence)|C04-B04A, C04-C01||
C04-N0400E|Current|(1994-    )|Protein/polypeptide of undefined origin (no sequence) (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A, B04-C01||
C04-N04A|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given|C04-B04A|Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N04A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Complete amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A|Codes C04-C01 to C04-C01G are also applied.|
C04-N04B|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given|C04-B04A||
C04-N04B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Fragments of amino acid sequence given (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A||
C04-N05|Current|(1994-    )|Lipoprotein||Also includes Lipopeptides.|
C04-N0500E|Current|(1994-    )|Lipoprotein (genetically engineered) )||Also includes Lipopeptides.|
C04-N06|Current|(1994-    )|Glycoprotein/peptidoglycan|C04-B04A||
C04-N0600E|Current|(1994-    )|Glycoprotein/peptidoglycan (genetically engineered)|B04-B04A||
C04-N07|Current|(1994-    )|Ion channel protein|||
C04-N0700E|Current|(2002-    )|Ion channel protein (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N08|Current|(2002-    )|Fusion protein|||
C04-N09|Current|(2005-    )|Molecular chaperones and chaperonins|C04-N01, C04-N02, C04-N04|E.g. Heat shock proteins (HSP).|
C04-N0900E|Current|(2005-    )|Molecular chaperones and chaperonins (genetically engineered)||E.g. Heat shock proteins (HSP).|
C04-N10|Current|(2005-    )|Prions|C04-N02|Protein pathogen responsible for e.g. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and kuru in humans and scrapie in sheep.|
C04-N11|Current|(2005-    )|Zinc finger proteins|C04-N01, C04-N02, C04-N03, C04-N04|Specialized proteins that contain a bound zinc ion or are capable of binding a zinc ion, and are associated with DNA binding proteins.|
C04-N1100E|Current|(2005-    )|Zinc finger proteins (genetically engineered)||Specialized proteins that contain a bound zinc ion or are capable of binding a zinc ion, and are associated with DNA binding proteins.|
C04-N12|Current|(2005-    )|Transcription factors general|C04-N01, C04-N02, C04-N03, C04-N04|A protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region where it activates and regulates transcription.|
C04-N1200E|Current|(2005-    )|Transcription factors (genetically engineered)||A protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region where it activates and regulates transcription.|
C04-N13|Current|(2006-    )|Signalling pathway proteins|||
C04-N1300E|Current|(2007-    )|Signalling pathway proteins (genetically engineered)|||
C04-N14|Current|(2008-    )|Peptidomimetics|||
C04-N15|Current|(2010-    )|Crystalline form||Used in conjunction with other specific protein codes for protein crystals.|
C04-N16|New|(2017-    )|Biomarker protein||Applied with one or more other codes from section C04 which describe the type of biomarker protein e.g. EGFR used as a biomarker for colorectal cancer would be coded with C04-K01J and C04-N16.|
C04-N1600E|New|(2017-    )|Biomarker protein (genetically engineered)||Applied with one or more other codes from section C04 which describe the type of biomarker protein e.g. EGFR used as a biomarker for colorectal cancer would be coded with C04-K01J and C04-N16.|
C04-P|Current||Whole animals||E suffix is appended to respective whole animal codes for transgenic animals.|
C04-P01|Current|(1994-    )|Whole animals general and other|C04-B04L, C04-B04M||
C04-P0100E|Current|(1994-    )|Whole animals general and other (genetically engineered)|B04-B04L, B04-B04M||
C04-P01A|Current|(1994-    )|Laboratory experimental animals|C04-B04L, C04-B04M|e.g. mice, rats.|
C04-P01A0E|Current|(1994-    )|Laboratory experimental animals (genetically engineered)|B04-B04L, B04-B04M|e.g. mice, rats.|
C04-P01B|Current|(1994-    )|Farm animals|C04-B04L, C04-B04M|e.g. cows, sheep.|
C04-P01B0E|Current|(1994-    )|Farm animals (genetically engineered)|B04-B04L, B04-B04M|e.g. cows, sheep.|
C04-P01C|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropods|C04-B04M||
C04-P01C0E|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropods (genetically engineered)|B04-B04M||
C04-Q|Current|(2013-    )|Drug Conjugates General||All portions of the conjugate are additionally coded in the relevant sections.|
C04-Q01|Current|(2013-    )|Antibody-drug Conjugates||The antibody is additionally coded in section C04-G.|
C04-Q02|Current|(2013-    )|Other protein/Peptide Drug Conjugates||The protein / peptide is also coded in the appropriate section(s) of C04.|
C04-Q03|Current|(2013-    )|Synthetic Polymer Drug Conjugates||The polymer is additionally coded in section C04.|
C04-Q04|New|(2017-    )|Nucleic acid-drug conjugates||The nucleic acid is additionally coded in section C04-B03 and/or C04-E.|
C04-R|Current|(2016-    )|Biosimilars||Includes biobetters. Search in conjunction with relevant C-code(s) for the biosimilar product. Applicable only for explicitly claimed biosimilars.|
C05-A|Current||Metals and compounds|||
C05-A01|Current|(1965-    )|Group 1, 2, 3 metals and compounds [general]||May be applied in C as a higher term where both 05-A01A and 05-A01B would be coded|
C05-A01A|Current|(1965-    )|Potassium metal and compounds||This code is not used for organic compounds unless potassium is an essential pharmaceutically active limiting factor of the invention (e.g. K salts used for treating hypokalaemia).|
C05-A01B|Current|(1965-    )|Group 1a, 2a, 3a metals and compounds [exc. K, B, Ra]||This code is not used for organic compounds unless the metal is an essential pharmaceutically active limiting factor of the invention.|
C05-A02|Current||Group 4a, 5a metals and compounds [exc. C, Si, N, P, As]|||
C05-A03|Current|(1965-    )|Transition metals, lanthanides and actinides general||The generic code C05-A03 is only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. Thus when a specific code is searched, the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
C05-A03A|Current|(1975-    )|Manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg)|||
C05-A03A1|Current|(2005-    )|Manganese(Mn) compounds|||
C05-A03A2|Current|(2005-    )|Iron (Fe) compounds|||
C05-A03A3|Current|(2005-    )|Copper (Cu) compounds|||
C05-A03A4|Current|(2005-    )|Zinc (Zn) compounds|||
C05-A03A5|Current|(2005-    )|Mercury (Hg) compounds|||
C05-A03B|Current|(1975-    )|Other transition metals, lanthanides - metals and compounds|||
C05-A03B1|Current|(2008-    )|Titanium|||
C05-A03B2|Current|(2008-    )|Silver|||
C05-A03B3|Current|(2008-    )|Platinum|||
C05-A04|Current||Radioactive elements and specific isotopes|||
C05-A04A|Current|(2007-    )|Deuterium|||
C05-A04B|Current|(2007-    )|Tritium|C05-A04||
C05-A04C|Current|(2007-    )|Carbon isotopes|C05-A04|Excludes Carbon 12|
C05-A04D|Current|(2007-    )|Iodine isotopes|C05-A04|Excludes Iodine 127|
C05-A04E|Current|(2007-    )|Other radioactive isotope|C05-A04||
C05-A04F|Current|(2007-    )|Other non-radioactive isotope|||
C05-B|Current||Less common non-metals and compounds|||
C05-B01|Retired|(1963-1965)|B, Si, As, Se, P organic [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
C05-B01A|Current|(1965-    )|Boron (B) organic|||
C05-B01B|Current|(1965-    )|Silicon (Si) organic|||
C05-B01C|Current|(1965-    )|Arsenic (As) organic|||
C05-B01D|Current|(1965-    )|Selenium (Se), Tellurium (Te) organic|||
C05-B01E|Current|(1965-    )|P-C bond heterocyclic|||
C05-B01F|Current|(1965-    )|P-C bond aromatic|||
C05-B01G|Current|(1965-    )|P-C bond (cyclo)aliphatic|||
C05-B01H|Current|(1965-    )|P-HAL bond organic|||
C05-B01J|Current|(1965-    )|P-N bond heterocyclic|||
C05-B01K|Current|(1965-    )|P-N bond aromatic|||
C05-B01L|Current|(1965-    )|P-N bond (cyclo)aliphatic|||
C05-B01M|Current|(1965-    )|P-O(S) bond heterocyclic|||
C05-B01N|Current|(1965-    )|P-O(S) bond aromatic|||
C05-B01P|Current|(1965-    )|P-O(S) bond (cyclo)aliphatic|||
C05-B02|Current||B, Si, As, Se, P inorganic, inert gases|||
C05-B02A|Current|(1965-    )|P and inorganic P compounds [general]||The generic code C05-B02A is only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. Thus when a specific code is searched the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
C05-B02A1|Current|(1975-    )|P acids production|||
C05-B02A2|Current|(1975-    )|Ammonium salts of P acids||This code is used also for mixtures containing only ammonium salts of P acids.|
C05-B02A3|Current|(1975-    )|P and inorganic P compounds|||
C05-B02A4|Current|(1975-    )|Fertilizer mixt. Contg. P acid (or salt) and N-source||For mixtures of ammonium salts of phosphoric acid only see C05-B02A2.|
C05-B02A5|Current|(1975-    )|Fertilizer mixt. Contg. P acid (or salt) and non-N-source|||
C05-B02B|Current|(1965-    )|Arsenic (As) inorganic|||
C05-B02C|Current|(1965-    )|Silicon (Si), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), boron (B) inorganic, inert gases|||
C05-C|Current||More common non-metals, compounds|||
C05-C01|Current|(1965-    )|N (ammonia) inorganic||After CPI Week 197501 ammonium salts of phosphorus acids or fertiliser mixtures containing a phosphorus acid (or salts) and also ammonia (or salt thereof), have been coded C05-B02A4 respectively.|
C05-C02|Current|(1965-    )|N (nitrate) inorganic|||
C05-C03|Current|(1965-    )|N (others) inorganic|||
C05-C04|Current|(1965-    )|CO2, inorganic (bi)(thio)carbonates|||
C05-C05|Current|(1965-    )|Inorganic S acids, S oxides|||
C05-C06|Current|(1965-    )|Elemental C or S|||
C05-C07|Current|(1965-    )|Inorganic compounds containing halogen||This code is not used for organic compounds unless a halogen is a member of a heterocyclic ring, or forms a part of an anion, and is an essential pharmaceutically active limiting factor of the invention (e.g. HF salts of amines used as dental agents).|
C05-C08|Current|(1965-    )|Other common non-metals, compounds|||
C05-U|Current|(1994-    )|Fullerene type cage structures [general]|||
C05-U01|Current|(1994-    )|Fullerene type cage structures containing hetero atom(s)|||
C05-U02|Current|(1994-    )|Fullerene type cage structures containing carbon only|||
C05-U03|Current|(2005-    )|Carbon only nanotubes|||
C05-U04|Current|(2005-    )|Carbon plus heteroatom nanotubes|||
C05-U05|Current|(2005-    )|Other carbon containing 3-d structures|||
C05-U05A|Current|(2010-    )|Nanotubes, Nanorods or Nanohorns|||
C05-U05B|Current|(2010-    )|Nanofilms|||
C05-U05C|Current|(2010-    )|Nanostructures other than those covered by C05-U05A and C05-U05B|||
C05-U06|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic nanostructures|||
C05-V|Current|(2008-    )|Metallocenes||E.g. ferrocenes,titanocenes,zircocene|
C05-Z|Current|(2015-    )|Organometal compounds||Metals/metalloids present in organic compound, excludes B, Si, As, Se, Te and P. To be searched alongside specific codes for relevant metal(s).|
C06|Old|(1965-2011)|Heterocyclic fused ring||This section is used for fused heterocyclic rings containing C and any of O, S and N. If any other elements are present, the structure is coded in C05. The specific rings listed in this section include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Specific ring systems present in a disclosed and claimed compound are individually coded, but if there is an essential fused heterocyclic ring and either an optional or a variable fused heterocyclic ring, only the essential ring is coded and neither the variable ring nor C06-H.|
C06|Current|(2012-    )|Heterocyclic fused ring||This section is used for fused heterocyclic rings containing C and any of O, S and N. If any other elements are present, the structure is coded in C05. The specific rings listed in this section include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Specific ring systems present in a disclosed and claimed compound are individually coded, but if there is an essential fused heterocyclic ring and either an optional or a variable fused heterocyclic ring, only the essential ring is coded and neither the variable ring nor C06-H. The exception to this is in a composition with a single new/used/produced compound having one essential fused heterocyclic ring and other components with various fused heterocycles - both the specific and C06-H are then coded.|
C06-A|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole hetero(s) oxygen|||
C06-A01|Current||1-Benzo-(furan or pyran)|||
C06-A02|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings - sole hetero(s) oxygen||(e.g. phenolphthalein)|
C06-A03|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole hetero(s) oxygen|||
C06-A03A|Current|(2006-    )|Taxols, taxels||e.g. paclitaxel, docetaxel. Must contain an oxetane ring fused to the taxane skeleton|
C06-B|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
C06-B01|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
C06-B02|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
C06-C|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole heteros O and S [general]|||
C06-D|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole hetero(s) nitrogen|||
C06-D01|Current||Indole|||
C06-D02|Current||Quinoline|||
C06-D03|Current||Isoindole, isoquinoline|||
C06-D04|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and one N|||
C06-D05|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings (5+6 membered) and two N|||
C06-D06|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings (both 6 membered) and two N|||
C06-D07|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and two N|||
C06-D08|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and 3 N|||
C06-D09|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and 4 N|||
C06-D10|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings and more than 4 N|||
C06-D11|Current||Acridine|||
C06-D12|Current||Dibenzo [b, f] azepine|||
C06-D13|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 3 rings and one N|||
C06-D14|Current||Phenazine|||
C06-D15|Current||Carbolines, phenanthrolines|||
C06-D16|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 3 rings and two N|||
C06-D17|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with 3 rings and more than 2N|||
C06-D18|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring with more than 3 rings - sole hetero(s) nitrogen|||
C06-E|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole heteros O and N|||
C06-E01|Current||Benzoxazole, benzisoxazoles|||
C06-E02|Current||Benzoxazines|||
C06-E03|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings - sole heteros O and N|||
C06-E04|Current||Phenoxazine|||
C06-E05|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole heteros O and N|||
C06-F|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole heteros S and N|||
C06-F01|Current||Benzothiazole, benzisothiazoles|||
C06-F02|Current||Benzothiazines|||
C06-F03|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with 2 rings - sole heteros S and N|||
C06-F04|Current||Phenothiazine|||
C06-F05|Current||Other heterocyclic fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole heteros S and N|||
C06-G|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring - sole heteros O and S and N [general]|||
C06-H|Current||Heterocyclic fused ring, general [general]||This code is used for general disclosures when either unspecified fused heterocyclic ring is present or several specific rings are present. Therefore when a specific code is searched, the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
C06-S|Current|(2011-    )|Spirofused fused heterocycles|||
C07|Old|(1965-2011)|Heterocyclics, mononuclear||This section is used for monoheterocyclic rings containing C and any of O, S and N. If any other elements are present, the structure is coded in C05 only. Likewise when a fused heterocyclic ring is present, the structure is coded in C06 only. The specific rings listed in this section include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Specific ring systems present in a disclosed and claimed compound are individually coded, but if there is an essential monoheterocyclic ring and either an optional or a variable monoheterocyclic ring, only the essential ring is coded and neither the variable ring nor C07-H.|
C07|Current|(2012-    )|Heterocyclics, mononuclear||This section is used for monoheterocyclic rings containing C and any of O, S and N. If any other elements are present, the structure is coded in C05 only. Likewise, when a fused heterocyclic ring is present, the structure is coded in C06 only. The specific rings listed in this section include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Specific ring systems present in a disclosed and claimed compound are individually coded, but if there is an essential monoheterocyclic ring and either an optional or a variable monoheterocyclic ring, only the essential ring is coded and neither the variable ring nor C07-H. The exception to this is in a composition with a single new/used/produced compound having one essential monoheterocyclic ring and other components with various monoheterocycles - both the specific and C07-H are then coded.|
C07-A|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole hetero(s) oxygen|||
C07-A01|Current||Furan [exc. tetrahydrofuran]|||
C07-A02|Current||Tetrahydro-(furan or pyran) [general]|||
C07-A02A|Current|(1994-    )|Tetrahydrofuran|C07-A02||
C07-A02B|Current|(1994-    )|Tetrahydropyran|C07-A02||
C07-A03|Current||Other heterocyclic, mononuclear with one O||Including pyran.|
C07-A04|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with more than one O|||
C07-B|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
C07-B01|Current||Thiophene|||
C07-B02|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear with one S|||
C07-B03|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear with more than one S|||
C07-C|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros O and S [general]|||
C07-D|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole hetero(s) nitrogen|||
C07-D01|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with one N, 3 or 4 membered|||
C07-D02|Current||Pyrrole||Excluding pyrrolidine.|
C07-D03|Current||Pyrrolidine|||
C07-D04|Current||Pyridine [general]||Excluding piperidine.|
C07-D04A|Current|(1986-    )|(Hydro)pyridinium n(v)|||
C07-D04B|Current|(1986-    )|Pyridine (optionally substituted) production|||
C07-D04C|Current|(1986-    )|Pyridine (optionally substituted) use|||
C07-D04D|Current|(1986-    )|Di- and tetrahydropyridine (optionally substituted)|||
C07-D05|Current||Piperidine|||
C07-D06|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with one N, more than 6-membered|||
C07-D07|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with more than one N, less than 5-membered|||
C07-D08|Current||Pyrazole|||
C07-D09|Current||Imidazole|||
C07-D10|Current||Pyr(id)azine||Excluding piperazine.|
C07-D11|Current||Piperazine|||
C07-D12|Current||Pyrimidine|||
C07-D13|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear with more than one N|||
C07-E|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros O and N|||
C07-E01|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with one O and one N|||
C07-E02|Current||Oxazines||Excluding morpholine.|
C07-E03|Current||Morpholine|||
C07-E04|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros O and N|||
C07-F|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros S and N|||
C07-F01|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear with one S and one N|||
C07-F02|Current||Thiazines|||
C07-F03|Current||Other heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros S and N|||
C07-G|Current||Heterocyclics, mononuclear - sole heteros O and S and N [general]|||
C07-H|Current||Mononuclear heterocyclics [general]||This code is used for general disclosure when either unspecified monoheterocyclic ring system is present in the molecule, or several rings are present. Therefore the generic code must be searched every time when a specific code is searched.|
C07-H01|Current|(1975-    )|Mononuclear heterocyclics - ring linked directly to -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=N-)- OR -CN|||
C07-H02|Current|(1975-    )|Mononuclear heterocyclics - ring linked directly to heteroatom|||
C07-H03|Current|(1975-    )|Mononuclear heterocyclics - ring linked via aliphatic chain to heteroatom, C(=O), C(=S), C(=N) OR CN|||
C07-H04|Current|(1975-    )|Other mononuclear heterocyclic rings|||
C07-S|Current|(2011-    )|Spirofused monocyclic heterocycles|||
C08|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic||This section covers compounds containing more than two carbocyclic rings fused together, at least one of which is 6- membered with 3 conjugated double bonds (or quinone derivs. thereof). Mono- and bicyclo-aromatics are coded in C10.|
C08-A|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - at least 6 rings fused|||
C08-B|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - five rings fused|||
C08-C|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 4 rings fused|||
C08-C01|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
C08-C02|Current||Other aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 4 rings fused|||
C08-D|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 3 rings fused|||
C08-D01|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:7 carbon atoms per ring|||
C08-D02|Current||Aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
C08-D03|Current||Other aromatics, polycarbocyclic - 3 rings fused|||
C08-H|Current||Fused aromatic system general|||
C08-S|Current|(2011-    )|Spirofused polycyclic aromatic rings|||
C09|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic||This section covers compounds containing more than two carbocyclic rings fused together, other than aromatics (see C08). Mono- and bicyclic compounds are coded in C10.|
C09-A|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - at least 6 rings fused|||
C09-B|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - five rings fused|||
C09-C|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 4 rings fused|||
C09-C01|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
C09-C02|Current||Other alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 4 rings fused|||
C09-D|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 3 rings fused|||
C09-D01|Current||Alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
C09-D02|Current||Other alicyclics, polycarbocyclic - 3 rings fused|||
C09-H|Current||Fused alicycli system general|||
C09-S|Current|(2011-    )|Spirofused polycyclic alicyclic rings|||
C10|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono and bicyclic only), aliphatics||In this section compounds are coded according to the type of functional group present. Only one code is assigned to a specific compound according to the rule of priorities: A > B > C, and 1 > 2 > 3 etc. Thus C10-A01 is the highest, and C10-J02 the lowest priority code. For acidic or basic salts see the parent compounds (i.e. amines, acids, etc.). For all cyclic derivatives of the groups listed in section C10 see C01 to C07. For groups not listed in section C10, e.g. semicarbazone, the highest priority segment is coded, in this case as C10-A13D.|
C10-A|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono + bicyclic only), aliphatics - with rarer chemical groups||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable.|
C10-A01|Current||1 or 2 ring aromatics and (cyclo)aliphatics with onium (e.g. sulfonium, iodonium) or free radical|||
C10-A02|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono + bicyclic only), aliphatics - with halogen bound to HAL/N/O||For halides of acids other than carboxylic (C10-A25) or those containing N-X or O-X (X = halogen) bond (C10-A02) the parent acid is coded. For example a sulphenyl halide is coded C10-A09C, a chloroformate C10-A11B and a carbamoyl halide C10-A12C.|
C10-A03|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono+bicyclic only), aliphatics - contains nitrogen oxide, nitroso||Includes nitramines|
C10-A04|Old|(1963-2014)|Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono+bicyclic only), aliphatics - contains peroxide, polysulfide|||
C10-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Peroxide, polysulphide||Also includes hydroperoxides.|
C10-A05|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono and bicyclic only), aliphatics - containing nitrate, nitrite|||
C10-A06|Current||Quinone||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
C10-A07|Current||Sugars (general)||Only 4 or more carbon monosacccharides with a free keto or aldehyde group together with their oxidised, reduced and substituted derivatives code here. Sugars in which at least one of the aldehyde / keto groups have been converted into an acetal / ketal (i.e. exist in cyclic form) code in C07-A02.|
C10-A07A|Current|(2005-    )|Unmodified sugars||Includes ethers and esters thereof. 7 or more carbon sugars are coded C10- A07E.|
C10-A07B|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar alcohols||Includes ether and ester derivatives. Derivatives in which one or two of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by N additionally code C10-A07D. Derivatives in which one or two of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by atoms other than H or N (including 7 or more carbon sugar alcohols) additionally code C10-A07E. Inositol is coded C10-E04A.|
C10-A07C|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar acids||Includes ether and ester derivatives. Derivatives in which one or two of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by N additionally code C10-A07D. Derivatives in which one or two of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by atoms other than H or N (including 7 or more carbon sugar acids) additionally code C10-A07E. Uronic acids which contain a free aldehyde or keto group (even if represented as a cyclic hemi-acetal in the source material) code here but those in which the hemi-acetal OH has been converted into an ether or ester code in C07-A02. Lactones of sugar alcohols code in the C07-A section.|
C10-A07D|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar amines||Used for 4 or more carbon monosaccharides with a free aldehyde or keto group (even if represented as a cyclic hemi-acetal in the source material) or an oxidised or reduced derivative thereof in which one or two of the O atoms have been replaced by nitrogen. If the sugar contains 7 or more carbons it additionally codes C10-A07E. If the sugar is an oxidised sugar it additionally codes C10-A07C. If the sugar is a reduced sugar it additionally codes C10-A07B.|
C10-A07E|Current|(2005-    )|Other sugar derivatives||Used for 4 or more carbon monosaccharides with a free aldehyde or keto group (even if represented as a cyclic hemi-acetal in the source material) or an oxidised or reduced derivative thereof in which one or two of the O atoms have been replaced by atoms other than H, or N. Additionally all 7 or more carbon non-cyclic monosaccharides code here. If the sugar is an oxidised sugar it additionally codes C10-A07C. If the sugar is a reduced sugar it additionally codes C10-A07B.|
C10-A08|Current||Aromatics and cycloaliphatics (mono+bicyclic only), aliphatics - contains amide of sulfur acid|||
C10-A09|Retired|(1963-1965)|Sulphur acid*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
C10-A09A|Current|(1965-    )|(Thio)sulphuric(ous) acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
C10-A09B|Current|(1965-    )|(Thio)Sulfonic acids (including derivatives) general||Includes all derivatives except those of higher priority. Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulfur atom(s)|
C10-A09C|Current|(1965-    )|Other S acids||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
C10-A10|Retired|(1963-1965)|Sulphone, sulphoxide*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
C10-A11|Retired|(1963-1965)|Carbonate [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
C10-A11A|Current|(1965-    )|Thiocarbonic acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
C10-A11B|Current|(1965-    )|Carbonic acid||Includes haloformates.|
C10-A12|Retired|(1963-1965)|Carbamate [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
C10-A12A|Current|(1965-    )|Dithiocarbamic acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
C10-A12B|Current|(1965-    )|Monothiocarbamic acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priority.|
C10-A12C|Current|(1965-    )|Carbamic acid||Including all derivatives except those with higher priorities.|
C10-A13|Retired|(1963-1965)|Urea, isourea [general]*||*Code retired, applied 1963-1965 only and then subdivided.|
C10-A13A|Current|(1965-    )|(Iso)thiourea|||
C10-A13B|Current|(1965-    )|(Iso)urea general||Generic codes are only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. When a specific search is made, the corresponding generic code must also be searched.|
C10-A13C|Current|(1975-    )|Unsubstituted urea|||
C10-A13D|Current|(1975-    )|Other (iso)urea compounds|||
C10-A14|Current||(Iso)cyanate, thiocyanide|||
C10-A15|Current||(Iso)cyanide|||
C10-A16|Current||Azide, azo diazo(nium)|||
C10-A17|Current||Biguanide, guanidine, amidine|||
C10-A18|Current||Hydroxylamine||Hydroxylamine itself is coded C05-C03.|
C10-A19|Current||Hydrazine||Hydrazine itself is coded C05-C03.|
C10-A20|Current||Imine|||
C10-A21|Current||Quaternary ammonium (bis or poly)||When a patent claims amines and their quaternary ammonium salts, only the amines are coded. Two searches must be made in order to obtain all relevant quaternary ammonium compounds.|
C10-A22|Current||Quaternary ammonium (mono)|||
C10-A23|Current||Acetal, ketal|||
C10-A24|Current||Imide|||
C10-A25|Current||Acid anhydride, halide (carboxylic only)||For halides of acids other than carboxylic (C10-A25) or those containing N-X or O-X (X = halogen) bond (C10-A02) the parent acid is coded. For example a sulphenyl halide is coded C10-A09C, a chloroformate C10-A11B and a carbamoyl halide C10-A12C.|
C10-B|Current||Amines|||
C10-B01|Current|(1986-    )|Polyamine [general]|||
C10-B01A|Current|(1965-    )|Polyamines, at least 1 amine aromatic|||
C10-B01B|Current|(1965-    )|Polyamines with no amine aromatic|||
C10-B02|Current|(1986-    )|Amino-acid, -ester or -amide general||Oxygen atoms in the acid/ester/amide portion may be replaced by S where applicable.|
C10-B02A|Current|(1965-    )|Amino-acid, -ester or -amide (amine aromatic)|||
C10-B02B|Current|(1965-    )|Amino-acid, -ester or amide (amine not aromatic) [general]|||
C10-B02C|Current|(1975-    )|Amino acid/ester/amide (amine not aromatic) - mixtures with at least 3 naturally occurring AA|||
C10-B02D|Current|(1975-    )|Sulphur-containing amino acids||Including amides and esters of the acid group(s).|
C10-B02E|Current|(1975-    )|Ring-containing amino acid with free acid group or salt|||
C10-B02F|Current|(1975-    )|Ring-containing amino amide|||
C10-B02G|Current|(1975-    )|Ring-containing amino ester|||
C10-B02H|Current|(1975-    )|Optionally esterified or etherified hydroxy amino acids||Including amides and esters of the acid group(s).|
C10-B02J|Current|(1975-    )|Other amino acids||Including amides and esters of the acid group(s).|
C10-B03|Current|(1986-    )|Amino-phenol,-alcohol or ether [general]||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable.|
C10-B03A|Current|(1971-    )|Amino-phenol, -alcohol or -ether (amine aromatic)|||
C10-B03B|Current|(1971-    )|Amino-phenol, -alcohol or -ether (amine not aromatic)|||
C10-B04|Current|(1986-    )|Amine mono [general]|||
C10-B04A|Current|(1971-    )|Other aromatic amines|||
C10-B04B|Current|(1971-    )|Other non-aromatic amines|||
C10-C|Current||Carboxylic acids|||
C10-C01|Current||Thiocarboxylic acid|||
C10-C02|Current||Polycarboxylic acid|||
C10-C03|Current||Carboxylic acid and phenol present||Or phenolic ester or ether. Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S.|
C10-C04|Current||Other carboxylic acids [general]|||
C10-C04A|Current|(1975-    )|Carboxylic acid and cycloaliphatic system present|||
C10-C04B|Current|(1975-    )|Hydroxy, aldehyde or keto carboxylic acid and carbocyclic aromatic ring system present||Including esters and ethers (of hydroxy) and thio derivatives.|
C10-C04C|Current|(1975-    )|Other carboxylic acid and carbocyclic aromatic ring system present|||
C10-C04D|Current|(1975-    )|Acyclic hydroxy, aldehyde or keto carboxylic acid||Including acyclic ether (of hydroxy) and thio derivatives.|
C10-C04E|Current|(1975-    )|General acyclic monocarboxylic acid||General acyclic monocarboxylic acid (not substituted by hydroxy, aldehyde, keto or their ethers and/or thio derivatives)|
C10-C04E1|Current|(2006-    )|Substituted acyclic monocarboxylic acid|||
C10-C04E2|Current|(2006-    )|Polyunsaturated fatty acid|||
C10-C04E3|Current|(2006-    )|Monounsaturated fatty acid|||
C10-C04E4|Current|(2006-    )|Other unsaturated monocarboxylic acid|||
C10-C04E5|Current|(2006-    )|Saturated fatty acid|||
C10-C04E6|Current|(2006-    )|Other saturated monocarboxylic acid|||
C10-D|Current||Aldehydes and carboxylic amides||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable. These generic codes are only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. When a specific search is made, corresponding generic codes must also be searched.|
C10-D01|Current||Aldehydes|||
C10-D02|Current||Carboxylic amide, thio|||
C10-D03|Current||Carboxylic amides|||
C10-E|Current||Hydroxy compounds||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable|
C10-E01|Current||Thiophenols|||
C10-E02|Current||Phenols|||
C10-E03|Current||Thioalcohols|||
C10-E04|Current||Alcohols [general]||Generic codes are only used for general disclosures which would otherwise require several specific codes. When a specific search is made, the corresponding generic codes must also be searched.|
C10-E04A|Current|(1975-    )|Alcohols containing hydroxy attached directly to alicyclic ring||Including inositol.|
C10-E04B|Current|(1975-    )|Alcohols containing carbocyclic ring(s)|||
C10-E04C|Current|(1975-    )|Polyalcohols and ethers and esters thereof|||
C10-E04D|Current|(1975-    )|Other alcohols|||
C10-F|Current||Ketones|||
C10-F01|Current||Thioketones|||
C10-F02|Current||Ketones|||
C10-G|Current||Carboxylic esters and nitro [general]||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable.|
C10-G01|Current||Thiocarboxylic esters|||
C10-G02|Current||Carboxylic esters|||
C10-G03|Current||Nitro|||
C10-H|Current||Ethers and halogens [general]||Oxygen atoms may be replaced by S, where applicable.|
C10-H01|Current||Ethers|||
C10-H02|Current|(1986-    )|Halogen [general]|||
C10-H02A|Current|(1965-    )|F linked to aromatic ring|||
C10-H02B|Current|(1965-    )|F not linked to aromatic ring|||
C10-H02C|Current|(1965-    )|Br or I linked to aromatic ring|||
C10-H02D|Current|(1965-    )|Br or I not linked to aromatic ring|||
C10-H02E|Current|(1965-    )|Cl linked to aromatic ring|||
C10-H02F|Current|(1965-    )|Cl not linked to aromatic ring|||
C10-J|Current||Hydrocarbons|||
C10-J01|Current|(1965-    )|Hydrocarbons - -C-triple-bond-C- (may form part of alicyclic ring)|||
C10-J02|Current|(1965-    )|Other hydrocarbons|||
C10-J02A|Current|(2013-    )|Terpenes or terpenoids||General terpenes or terpenoids of purely hydrocarbon content|
C11|Current||Processes, apparatus||C11 codes are only used when the inventive feature of the patent cannot be completely described in terms of chemical descriptors in C01 to C10.|
C11-A|Current||Fermentation - processes, apparatus [general]|||
C11-A01|Current|(1994-    )|Fermentation using microorganisms|C11-A||
C11-A01A|Current|(2006-    )|Using bacteria|||
C11-A01B|Current|(2006-    )|Using viruses|||
C11-A01C|Current|(2006-    )|Using fungi|||
C11-A02|Current|(1994-    )|Fermentation using enzymes|C11-A||
C11-A02A|Current|(2006-    )|Using oxidoreductases general|||
C11-A02A1|Current|(2006-    )|Using oxidases|||
C11-A02A2|Current|(2006-    )|Using peroxidases|||
C11-A02A3|Current|(2006-    )|Using oxygenases|||
C11-A02A4|Current|(2006-    )|Using dehydrogenases, reductases|||
C11-A02A5|Current|(2006-    )|Using lipoxygenases|||
C11-A02B|Current|(2006-    )|Using transferases general|||
C11-A02B1|Current|(2006-    )|Using DNA/RNA polymerases|||
C11-A02B2|Current|(2006-    )|Using reverse transcriptases|||
C11-A02B3|Current|(2006-    )|Using kinases|||
C11-A02C|Current|(2006-    )|Using hydrolases general|||
C11-A02C1|Current|(2006-    )|Using esterases|||
C11-A02C2|Current|(2006-    )|Using glycosidases|||
C11-A02C3|Current|(2006-    )|Using proteases/peptide hydrolases|||
C11-A02D|Current|(2006-    )|Using lyases|||
C11-A02E|Current|(2006-    )|Using isomerases|||
C11-A02F|Current|(2006-    )|Using ligases|||
C11-A03|Current|(2010-    )|Using algae||If part of a diagnostic process see C11-C08D.|
C11-A04|Current|(2012-    )|Fermentation Apparatus||Apparatus or device for culturing microorganisms e.g. culturing device of alimentary canal nematodes.|
C11-A04A|Current|(2014-    )|CELL/TISSUE CULTURE APPARATUS||Method and apparatus for culturing and processing of biological cells excluding tissue engineering (coded C11-C04G). E.g. animal cells and other microbial cells|
C11-B|Current||Extraction, separation, recovery, purification, crystallisation||If part of a diagnostic process see C11-C08D.|
C11-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Separation of stereoisomers by a biological method|||
C11-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Separation of stereoisomers by other method|||
C11-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Other separations||Also for separation of E,Z and cis/trans isomers|
C11-B03A|Current|(2012-    )|Method or device for separation of biological molecules||Includes methods or devices for extraction of biological substances such as proteins and nucleic acids|
C11-B03B|Current|(2013-    )|Devices/methods for concentrating of molecules||Includes techniques involving concentrating procedure, only for use when the devices/methods are the Novelty of the invention.|
C11-B03C|Current|(2016-    )|Method or device for extraction of active substances from plant||Patents dealing with extraction of active agents from plants.|
C11-B04|Old|(2006-2013)|Removal processes|||
C11-B04|Current|(2014-    )|METHOD OR DEVICE FOR REMOVAL PROCESSES||A means of destroying or collecting for subsequent safe disposal harmful / noxious substances. Substance removed and removing agent are additionally coded, even if they only appear in an example.|
C11-B05|Current|(2009-    )|Method for preservation and/or storage|||
C11-B06|Old|(2010-2013)|Method for cleaning and/or sterilization|||
C11-B06|Current|(2014-    )|Method or Device for cleaning and/or sterilization||Method device for cleaning and/or sterilization, such as for medical equipment.|
C11-C|Current||General process, apparatus|||
C11-C01|Current|(1971-    )|General chemical processes|||
C11-C01A|Current|(2002-    )|Combinatorial chemistry|||
C11-C01A1|Current|(2005-    )|Library synthesis||Used when the patent is describing a technique for producing, rather than using a combinatorial library.|
C11-C01A2|Current|(2005-    )|Liquid-phase synthesis||Process in which the chemical building blocks are present in solution.|
C11-C01A3|Current|(2005-    )|Solid-phase synthesis||Process in which the chemical building blocks are bound to a polymer.|
C11-C01A4|Current|(2005-    )|Parallel synthesis||Process in which each separate starting material is present in a different well in a microarray and the reagent is added simultaneously to all of the wells with the results that each product is present in a different well.|
C11-C01A5|Current|(2005-    )|High volume synthesis||Process in which very large numbers of compounds are produced from a large variety of starting materials.|
C11-C01B|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus for combinatorial|||
C11-C01C|Current|(2002-    )|Other processes|||
C11-C01C1|Current|(2006-    )|Stereo-specific reactions|||
C11-C01C2|Current|(2006-    )|Stereo-selective reactions|||
C11-C01C3|Current|(2012-    )|Racemisation|||
C11-C01D|Current|(2006-    )|Stereochemistry|||
C11-C01E|Old|(2007-2010)|Amplification processes for production|B11-A02B1||
C11-C01E|Current|(2011-    )|Amplification apparatus/process for production|B11-A02B1|From 2011, the scope of this code has been extended to cover amplification apparatus for production in addition to processes for the same. |
C11-C02|Current|(1971-    )|Syringes||Also includes filling/loading of syringes.|
C11-C02A|Current|(2005-    )|Hypodermic syringes||Includes multi-use as well as single-use and moulded disposable syringes.|
C11-C02B|Current|(2005-    )|Needles||Should cover all needles, not just those for syringes. Not for microneedles - these are coded under 12-M02F instead.|
C11-C02C|Current|(2006-    )|Syinge components|||
C11-C02D|Old|(2006-2013)|Syringe disposal apparatus||Also includes syringe needle removing devices and sharps container|
C11-C02D|Current|(2014-    )|Syringe/Injector disposal apparatus||Covers disposal of all injectors, not just syringes. Also includes syringe needle removing devices and sharps container. |
C11-C03|Current|(1971-    )|Dispensers|||
C11-C04|Old|(1971-2009)|Machine/device for use in/on animal body [general]|||
C11-C04|Current|(2010-    )|Machine/device/method for use in/on living body [general]||From 2010, the scope of this code has been extended to cover methods used for therapeutic purposes on animal or human body in addition to machines and devices for the same. Includes both method and devices used for therapeutic purposes on animal or human body. This code can be applied to condoms, external splints, infra-red heat massagers etc, however such items should either contain, be coated with or be used in conjunction with drugs in order for them to be coded in B and/or C.|
C11-C04A|Current|(1977-    )|Implant|||
C11-C04A1|Current|(2006-    )|Stent|||
C11-C04B|Current|(1977-    )|Catheter||Includes cannula.|
C11-C04C|Current|(2005-    )|Injection gun, general|||
C11-C04D|Current|(2005-    )|Applicator|||
C11-C04E|Current|(2005-    )|Needle-free injector||A syringe type device that uses applied pressure to inject the drug through the skin, and particularly into the gums during dental procedures.|
C11-C04F|Current|(2005-    )|Artificial organs||Including heart-lung machines, kidney dialysis equipment, pacemakers and artificial livers and skin. Includes production of these organs. Not to be confused with Prosthesis (coded C12-M17) or Implants (coded C11-C04A).|
C11-C04G|Current|(2007-    )|Tissue engineering technologies|C11-C04, C11-C04A, C11-C04F|Includes wound care technologies (such as care for fractures, e.g. bone cement and tissue lesions), stem cell therapeutic applications (e.g. epidermis regeneration), tissue and organ production, (e.g. by inkjet printers) and tissue scaffold/matrix use.|
C11-C04H|Current|(2009-    )|Adapters, fixing devices, seals||For e.g. attaching tubes to syringes, attaching catheter tubes to supports|
C11-C04J|Current|(2010-    )|Cements and putties||Includes bone cement etc.|
C11-C04K|Current|(2015-    )|Bioelectronics and neurostimulation||Includes electroceuticals, may also be searched with C14-S27.|
C11-C04Z|Old|(2012-2014)|Non-pharmaceutical alternative therapies||Includes therapies such as music therapy, laughter therapy, heat therapy, acupuncture, and reiki. But not for e.g. electrical or electromagnetic therapy, see C14-S27 instead.|
C11-C04Z|Current|(2015-    )|Non-pharmaceutical alternative therapies||Includes therapies such as music therapy, laughter therapy, heat therapy, acupuncture and Reiki. Does not include electrical or electromagnetic therapies which are coded in C14-S27 with additionally C11-C04 if the apparatus is also claimed.|
C11-C05|Old|(1971-2012)|Machine/apparatus used in production of pharmaceutical, veterinary or agricultural composition||e.g. tabletting machines.|
C11-C05|Current|(2013-    )|Process/apparatus for producing pharmaceutical, veterinary or agricultural composition||Includes tabletting machines. Also covers any process for producing drugs or their intermediate products e.g. drug mixer, device for drying a drug, device for crushing a drug.|
C11-C06|Current|(1975-    )|Containers, packing, preserving apparatus, storage tanks, transporting apparatus [general]|||
C11-C06A|Current|(1977-    )|Closures, caps|||
C11-C06B|Old|(2009-2013)|Formulation counting devices||e.g. tablet counting machines.|
C11-C06B|Current|(2014-    )|Formulation counting/measuring devices||e.g. tablet counting machines, cylinders for measuring solutions, weighing devices|
C11-C06C|Current|(2010-    )|Peripheral devices for therapeutic regimens||Includes stands for e.g. infusion devices, and tamper alarms etc.|
C11-C06D|Current|(2011-    )|Labels and labelling devices|||
C11-C06E|Current|(2012-    )|Temperature regulation apparatus|||
C11-C06Z|New|(2017-    )|Safety and tamper-proof devices/methods||Applied with one or more other codes from C11-C02, C11-C03, C11-C04 and/or C11-C06. Includes methods and devices to improve patient safety e.g. alarms for incorrect operation of dispensers. Safety caps, previously coded only in C11-C06A, also now coded here.|
C11-C07|Current|(1975-    )|Antibody-antigen reaction, precipitation, colorimetric, fluorescence, radioactive tracer tests||C11-C07+ and C11-C08+ codes are applied when diagnosis/testing process forms a novel part of an invention.|
C11-C07A|Current|(1977-    )|Antigen - antibody reaction general||Excluding C11-A.|
C11-C07A1|Current|(1986-    )|Production of antigen for test|||
C11-C07A2|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to colour tracer|||
C11-C07A3|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to radioactive tracer|||
C11-C07A4|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to enzyme tracer|||
C11-C07A5|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to fluorescent or chemiluminescent tracer|||
C11-C07A6|Current|(1986-    )|Antigen or antibody bound to other type of carrier||e.g. erythrocytes, glass, polymer.|
C11-C07A7|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for antigen antibody reaction, where antigen/antibody/carrier are irrelevant to invention|||
C11-C07B|Current|(1977-    )|Colorimetric tests||Including fluorescence (excluding B11-C07A).|
C11-C07B1|Current|(1986-    )|Colorimetric (detection of colour change in a reagent)|||
C11-C07B2|Current|(1986-    )|Spectrophotometric|||
C11-C07B3|Current|(1986-    )|Fluorescence|||
C11-C07B4|Current|(1986-    )|Chemiluminescence|||
C11-C07B5|Current|(1986-    )|Radioactive tracer other than C11-C07A3|||
C11-C07B6|Current|(2005-    )|Reflectance, light scattering etc.|||
C11-C07B7|Current|(2009-    )|Apparatus for colorimetric analysis where the apparatus is the novelty of the invention|||
C11-C08|Current|(1975-    )|Other methods/apparatus for testing/detection||Including new drug screening systems.|
C11-C08A|Current|(1986-    )|Testing/detection - NMR, mass spectroscopy||Excluding NMR, mass spectroscopy for gene/protein analysis which is coded under C11-C08G2.|
C11-C08B|Current|(1986-    )|Testing/detection - potentiometry, polarography|||
C11-C08C|Old|(1986-2009)|Sampling devices for testing||e.g. Microfluidic devices used for testing.|
C11-C08C|Current|(2010-    )|Sampling device and sampling method for testing||From 2010, the scope of this code has been extended to cover methods of sampling in addition to devices for the same. Includes both devices as well as method of sampling, where in the method of collecting samples if for test and detection purposes.|
C11-C08C1|Current|(2007-    )|Microfluidic devices|C11-C08C||
C11-C08C2|Current|(2014-    )|Manipulation of samples||Includes methods or devices for treating biopsy or smear samples to make them easier to view|
C11-C08D|Current|(1986-    )|Separation methods of testing and diagnosis [general]||Other than C11-B.|
C11-C08D1|Current|(1986-    )|Electrophoresis|||
C11-C08D2|Current|(1986-    )|Chromatography, ion exchange||Including High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).|
C11-C08D3|Current|(1986-    )|Filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation, dialysis|||
C11-C08E|Current|(1986-    )|Biological procedures for testing general||Other than C11-A and C11-C07A.|
C11-C08E1|Current|(1986-    )|Fermentation of micro-organisms, cell or tissue culture||e.g. testing antibiotics by cultivation of microorganisms.|
C11-C08E2|Current|(1986-    )|Noting physiological responses in animals or plants/modelling diseases||e.g. increased activity, change of habit. This code is applied only when the test is the main inventive feature.|
C11-C08E3|Current|(1986-    )|Enzyme processes other than polarography or enzyme labelling||Excluding C11-C07A, but including the use of restriction enzymes (endonucleases) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).|
C11-C08E4|Current|(1994-    )|DNA sequencing methods|C11-C08, C11-C08E3|Other than those involving enzymes.|
C11-C08E5|Current|(1994-    )|Nucleic acid hybridisation test methods, use of nucleic acid probes|C11-C08, C11-C08E3||
C11-C08E6|Current|(2002-    )|Microarrays and biochips|||
C11-C08E7|Current|(2005-    )|Agonist/antagonist identification|||
C11-C08E8|Current|(2016-    )|Biosensor||To be searched alongside the physicochemical and/or biological parts where present.|
C11-C08F|Current|(2002-    )|Protein/gene analysis general|||
C11-C08F1|Current|(2002-    )|Computational genomics|||
C11-C08F2|Current|(2002-    )|Experimental genomics|||
C11-C08F3|Current|(2002-    )|Computational proteomics|||
C11-C08F4|Current|(2002-    )|Experimental proteomics|||
C11-C08F5|Current|(2009-    )|Functional genomics|||
C11-C08F6|Current|(2009-    )|Functional proteomics|||
C11-C08G|Old|(2002-2010)|Structural gene/protein analysis|||
C11-C08G|Current|(2011-    )|Structural conformation analyzing method for biomolecules||Prior to 2011, this code covered structural gene/protein analysis only. From 2011, the scope of this code has been extended to cover structural analysis of all biomolecules. Also includes structural analysis of polysaccharide, nucleic acid, lipid, glycoprotein, glycolipid and RNA molecule.|
C11-C08G1|Current|(2002-    )|X-ray crystallography|||
C11-C08G2|Current|(2002-    )|NMR spectroscopy|||
C11-C08G3|Current|(2002-    )|Electron microscopy|||
C11-C08H|Current|(2002-    )|Drug design by computer modelling|||
C11-C08J|Current|(2005-    )|Microscopy/optical processes and apparatus|||
C11-C08K|Current|(2009-    )|Other analytical apparatus where the apparatus is the novelty of the invention||Novel apparatus for colorimetric analysis codes as C11-C07B7.|
C11-C08L|Current|(2016-    )|Acoustics||Includes ultrasound, infrasound, and vibration.|
C11-C09|Current|(1975-    )|Other processes, appts.||Processes and apparatus not covered elsewhere in section 11.|
C11-C09A|Current|(2006-    )|Processes|||
C11-C09B|Current|(2006-    )|Apparatus|||
C11-C10|Current|(2002-    )|Screening general|||
C11-C10A|Current|(2002-    )|High throughput screening|||
C11-C10B|Current|(2005-    )|High content screening||Whole cell analysis used in drug screening. Differs from high-throughput screens that are usually homogenous in-vitro assays. Includes the analysis of multiple independent or interacting targets in intact cells using e.g. advanced optical imaging systems, fluorescent-based reagents and advanced informatics tools. Also includes predictive toxicity and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) screening.|
C11-C10C|Current|(2005-    )|Protein/gene libraries||Collections of protein or nucleic acid fragments and clones used as a tool in biochemical processes.|
C11-C10D|Current|(2005-    )|Phage display libraries|||
C11-C11|Current|(2005-    )|General computing methods and apparatus||Includes media and methods for storing, searching and retrieving data and drug databases. Also for computerised pharmacological models|
C11-C11A|Current|(2005-    )|Patient compliance methods and systems||Methods concerning patient compliance, e.g. medication reminders.|
C11-C11B|Current|(2014-    )|Computerised teaching models||Includes computer simulations used to show drug effects, such as in university courses|
C11-C12|Current|(2005-    )|Nanotechnology (general)||Covers nanoswitches made of DNA.|
C11-C13|Current|(2005-    )|Particle engineering||Any process concerned with the design of the physical form of the particles in the dosage (as opposed to the chemical constitution of them). This optimises drug delivery properties of the dosage form.|
C11-C14|Current|(2008-    )|Security systems, e.g. biometric data, retinal scanning, authentification of drugs, etc.|||
C11-C15|Current|(2011-    )|Biological tools/models/teaching aids||Physical entities only. |
C11-C15A|Current|(2014-    )|Computerised teaching models||Includes computer simulations used to show drug effects, such as in university courses|
C11-C16|New|(2017-    )|Apparatus specifically for pediatrics or geriatrics||Includes apparatus for neonates and adolescents.|
C11-C17|New|(2017-    )|Bioprinting||Includes pre- and post-bioprinting procedures. Additionally coded with C11-C04G for tissue engineering via bioprinting, or C11-C04F for printable organs.|
C12|Current||Diagnostics and formulation types (therapeutic, pesticidal, herbicidal)|||
C12-A|Current||Antimicrobial type|||
C12-A01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antibacterial*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A01+ as of 199401. Antibiotics are only C02. Immunostimulant with C12-A06 (pre-1994).|
C12-A02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antifungal, antialgal, antilichen [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A04+; C14-B08 as of 199401.|
C12-A02A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antialgal*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A05 as of 199401.|
C12-A02B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antilichen*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B08 as of 199401.|
C12-A02C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antifungal*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A04+ as of 199401.|
C12-A03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antileprotic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A01B1 as of 199401.|
C12-A04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antitubercular*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A01B1 as of 199401.|
C12-A05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antivenereal*||*Code retired, searched under C14-N07C; C14-A01A; C14-A01A5 as of 199401.|
C12-A06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antiviral*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A02+ as of 199401. Vaccines are only C02-V. Immunostimulant with C12-A01 (pre-1994).|
C12-A07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Skin and wound treatment*||*Code retired, searched under C14-N17+ as of 199401.|
C12-A08|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antifouling*||*Code retired, search under C14-B15 as of 199401. (Prior to 198601 search C12-A02, C12-N01, C12-N04 and C12-N05).|
C12-B|Current||Antiparasitic type|||
C12-B01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Amoebicide*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A03A as of 199401.|
C12-B02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Anthelmintic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B03 as of 199401.|
C12-B03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antimalarial*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A03B as of 199401.|
C12-B04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antiparasitic (general), acaricide*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B02 as of 199401.|
C12-B05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Coccidiostat*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A03C as of 199401.|
C12-B06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Schistosomicide*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B03A as of 199401.|
C12-B07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Trypanocide*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A03E as of 199401.|
C12-C|Current||CNS-active type (i)|||
C12-C01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Anaesthetic(general)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-C07 as of 199401.|
C12-C02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Anaesthetic (local)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-C08 as of 199401.|
C12-C03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Analeptic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J01A2 as of 199401.|
C12-C04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antiparkinsonian drug*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J01A3 as of 199401.|
C12-C05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Central depressant*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J01B as of 199401.|
C12-C06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Central stimulant*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J01A; C14-J01A1 as of 199401.|
C12-C07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Hypnotic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J01B1 as of 199401.|
C12-C08|Retired|(1965-1993)|Sedative*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J01B2 as of 199401.|
C12-C09|Retired|(1965-1993)|Synergist*||*Code retired, searched under C14-S09 as of 199401.|
C12-C10|Retired|(1965-1993)|Tranquilliser*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J01B4; C14-J01A4; C14-F02D1; C14-J01; C14-J01B3; C14-N16; C14-S07 as of 199401.|
C12-D|Current||CNS-active type (ii)|||
C12-D01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Analgesic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-C01 as of 199401.|
C12-D02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antiallergic general*||*Code retired, searched under C14-G02A as of 199401.|
C12-D02A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Autoimmune disease treatment*||*Code retired, searched under C14-G02D as of 199401. (See also C12-D03, C12-D07, C12-D09).|
C12-D02B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Immune suppressant. Immunomodulatory is also coded as C12-A01 AND C12-A06*||*Code retired, searched under C14-G02; C14-G02C; C14-G03 as of 199401. Immunomodulatory also coded as C12-A01 and C12-A06.|
C12-D02C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Complement inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under C14-L07 as of 199401.|
C12-D02D|Retired|(1986-1993)|Anti slow-releasing-substance of anaphyllaxis (SRS-A)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-G02B as of 199401.|
C12-D03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antiarthritic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-C09+ as of 199401.|
C12-D04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Anticonvulsant*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J07 as of 199401.|
C12-D05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antiemetic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-E05 as of 199401.|
C12-D06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antihistamine [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-L09 as of 199401. For gastric secretion inhibitor see also C12-J02 (C14-E07 as of 199401).|
C12-D06A|Retired|(1986-1993)|H2-secretion inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under C14-l11 as of 199401.|
C12-D06B|Retired|(1986-1993)|H1 inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under C14-L10 as of 199401.|
C12-D07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antiinflammatory*||*Code retired, searched under C14-C02; C14-C03 as of 199401.|
C12-D08|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antipyretic*||*Code retired, searched under  C14-C04; C14-C05 as of 199401.|
C12-D09|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antirheumatic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-C06 as of 199401.|
C12-D10|Retired|(1965-1993)|Convulsant*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J06 as of 199401.|
C12-E|Current||Autonomic N.S. active type|||
C12-E01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Autonomic N.S. active [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F02; C14-J02 as of 199401.|
C12-E02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Muscle-relaxant, inotropic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J05; C14-J05A; C14-J05C; C14-J05D as of 199401. (See also C12-F01).|
C12-E03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Mydriatic/myopic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J05B as of 199401.|
C12-E04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Parasympathetic blocker*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J02B+; C14-J05D as of 199401.|
C12-E05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Parasympathetic stimulant, acetyl choline potentiator*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J02A+ as of 199401.|
C12-E06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Sympathetic blocker [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J02D; C14-J02D3 as of 199401.|
C12-E06A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Alpha-adrenergic blocker*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J02D1 as of 199401.|
C12-E06B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Beta-adrenergic blocker*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J02D2 as of 199401.|
C12-E07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Sympathetic stimulant adrenergic stimulant adrenaline potentiator*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J02C+ as of 199401.|
C12-E08|Retired|(1965-1993)|Ulcers (peptic and duodenal)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-E08 as of 199401.|
C12-E09|Retired|(1965-1993)|Uterus-active*||*Code retired, searched under C14-N14 as of 199401.|
C12-F|Current||Cardioactive type||Now coded as C14-F|
C12-F01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Cardioactive [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F01 as of 199401.|
C12-F01A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Arrhythmia treatment*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F01A as of 199401.|
C12-F01B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Cardiac stimulant*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F01B as of 199401. Including treatment of myocardial infarct, myocardial contraction intensifying, cardiac arrest treatment, cardiotonic, cardiac insufficiency treatment.|
C12-F01C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Cardiovascular, inotropic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F01C as of 199401. Before 198602 inotropic was coded C12-E02.|
C12-F02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Coronary dilator*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F01D; C14-F01E as of 199401.|
C12-F03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Ganglion-blocker*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F01F as of 199401.|
C12-F04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Hypertensive*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F02A as of 199401.|
C12-F05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Hypotensive [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F02B as of 199401.|
C12-F05A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, renin inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F02B1 as of 199401.|
C12-F05B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Calcium entry blockers*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F02B2 as of 199401. C12-G01 may also be searched.|
C12-F06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Vasoconstrictor*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F02C as of 199401.|
C12-F07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Vasodilator*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F02D+ as of 199401.|
C12-G|Current||Metabolism active type|||
C12-G01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antimetabolite [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J04; C14-L06; C14-L07; C14-L08 as of 199401.|
C12-G01A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antihormone, antiandrogenic, antioestrogenic, antiprogestational, adrenal cortex inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D02+ as of 199401.|
C12-G01B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Enzyme inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D03; C14-D04 as of 199401.|
C12-G01B1|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antioxidoreductase*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D05+ as of 199401.|
C12-G01B2|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antitransferase*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D06+ as of 199401.|
C12-G01B3|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antihydrolase*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D07+ as of 199401.|
C12-G01B4|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antilyase*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D08 as of 199401.|
C12-G01B5|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antiisomerase*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D09 as of 199401.|
C12-G01B6|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antiligase (antisynthetase)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D10 as of 199401.|
C12-G02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Choleretic and liver*||*Code retired, searched under C14-N12 as of 199401.|
C12-G03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Diuretic and kidney*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F02E; C14-N10 as of 199401. For urinary tract infections see C12-A01.|
C12-G04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Hormone adrenocortical*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D01; C14-D01D; C14-D01E; C14-J03 as of 199401. Including Addison's disease treatment (general).|
C12-G04A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Anti-aging, anti-senility, anti-alzheimer's disease*||*Code retired, searched under C14-J01A4 as of 199401. Including non-hormonal treatment.|
C12-G04B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Androgenic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D01A as of 199401.|
C12-G04C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Oestrogenic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D01B as of 199401.|
C12-G04D|Retired|(1986-1993)|Progestational*||*Code retired, searched under C14-D01C as of 199401.|
C12-G05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Leukaemia treatment*||*Code retired, searched under C14-H01A as of 199401.|
C12-G06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Thyroid agent*||*Code retired, searched under C14-N11 as of 199401.|
C12-G07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Tumour-inhibitor*||*Code retired, searched under C14-H01; C14-H01B as of 199401.|
C12-H|Current||Blood active type|||
C12-H01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antianaemic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F03 as of 199401.|
C12-H02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Anticoagulant*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F04 as of 199401.|
C12-H03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antilipaemic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F06; C14-F07 as of 199401.|
C12-H04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Coagulant*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F08 as of 199401.|
C12-H05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Hypoglycaemic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F09; C14-F10 as of 199401.|
C12-H06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Plasma and blood substitutes*||*Code retired, searched under C14-F11 as of 199401.|
C12-J|Current||Gastrointestinal active type|||
C12-J01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Anabolic agent, nutritional, achlorhydria treatment (humans)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-E10+; C14-E11 as of 199401.|
C12-J02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Anorectic, antisecretory*||*Code retired, searched under  C14-E07; C14-E12 as of 199401.|
C12-J03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antacid*||*Code retired, searched under C14-E01; C14-E03 as of 199401.|
C12-J04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antidiarrhoeal, antihaemorrhoidal*||*Code retired, searched under C14-E02; C14-E04 as of 199401.|
C12-J05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antidote [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-M01; C14-M01C as of 199401.|
C12-J05A|Retired|(1986-1993)|Alcoholism treatment*||*Code retired, searched under C14-M01A as of 199401.|
C12-J05B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Antismoking*||*Code retired, searched under C14-M01B as of 199401.|
C12-J05C|Retired|(1986-1993)|Anti-heavy metal poisoning*||*Code retired, searched under C14-M01D as of 199401.|
C12-J05D|Retired|(1986-1993)|Pesticide or herbicide antidote*||*Code retired, searched under C14-M01 as of 199401.|
C12-J05E|Retired|(1986-1993)|Protecting plants from poisons*||*Code retired, searched under C14-M01F as of 199401.|
C12-J06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Emetic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-E06 as of 199401.|
C12-J07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Laxative*||*Code retired, searched under C14-E09 as of 199401.|
C12-J08|Retired|(1986-1993)|Bone disorder treatment, osteoporosis*||*Code retired, searched under C14-N01 as of 199401. Excluding arthritis treatment (C12-D03) and bone marrow cell disorders (C12-G05)). For osteoporosis prior to 198601 search C12-J01.|
C12-K|Current||Diagnostics, respiratory active type|||
C12-K01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antitussive*||*Code retired, searched under C14-K01B as of 199401.|
C12-K02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Bronchodilator*||*Code retired, searched under C14-K01D as of 199401.|
C12-K03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Contraceptive*||*Code retired, searched under C14-P01+ as of 199401.|
C12-K04|Old|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis and testing [general]||This section is used for coding substances which are stated to be detecting agents. e.g. a new antibody for detecting cancer is coded under C04-G and C12-K04A1 only. When the procedure for detecting is described as novel, then the corresponding C11-C07 and C11-C08 codes are also applied.|
C12-K04|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis and testing [general]||This section is used for coding substances which are stated to be detecting agents: e.g. a new antibody used for detecting cancer is coded under C04-G and C12-K04G2A only. When the procedure for detecting is descibed as novel, then the corresponding C11-C07 and C11-C08 codes are also applied. As of 201601, subsection C12-K04A has been retired and the codes reorganised and expanded in new subsection C12-K04G|
C12-K04A|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of diseases or conditions in animals general*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G. Including detection of glucose in blood and ethanol in breath.|
C12-K04A1|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of tumors, cancer*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G2A.|
C12-K04A10|Retired|(2015-2015)|Diagnosis or detection of endocrine and hormonal diseases*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G2H. Diagnosis or detection of endocrine and hormonal diseases including thyroid diseases.|
C12-K04A2|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of heart and circulatory disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G2B.|
C12-K04A3|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of genetic disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G2C.|
C12-K04A4|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of microbial infections*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G1A.|
C12-K04A4A|Retired|(2005-2015)|Detection of viral diseases*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G1B.|
C12-K04A4B|Retired|(2005-2015)|Detection of bacterial diseases*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G1C.|
C12-K04A4C|Retired|(2005-2015)|Detection of fungal diseases*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G1D.|
C12-K04A5|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of CNS disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G2D.|
C12-K04A6|Retired|(1986-2015)|Diagnosis of pregnancy, testing or measuring sex hormone levels and estrus cycle*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G2E.|
C12-K04A7|Retired|(2006-2015)|Detection of parasites*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G1E. Including protozoa and helminths.|
C12-K04A8|Retired|(2007-2015)|Diagnosis of immunological disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G2F.|
C12-K04A9|Retired|(2012-2015)|Diagnosis of respiratory disorders*||*Code retired, from 201601 this is searched with C12-K04G2G. Includes detection of diseases such as anoxia, cystic fibrosis and bronchitis.|
C12-K04B|Current|(1986-    )|In-vivo radiopharmaceutical diagnostics||Excludes in-vivo X-ray and MRI diagnostics which are coded in C12-K07 and other types of in-vivo imaging which are coded in C12-K04C.|
C12-K04C|Current|(1986-    )|In-vivo imaging (other than by X-ray or radiopharmaceuticals)||Including imaging of complete organs, cells e.g. cancer cells, or other biological molecules within a whole body rather than a sample.|
C12-K04C1|Current|(1994-    )|Ultrasonics|C12-K04C||
C12-K04C2|Current|(1994-    )|NMR|C12-K04C||
C12-K04C3|Old|(2007-2013)|Positron emission tomography|C12-K04C||
C12-K04C3|Current|(2014-    )|Tomography||Includes PET (positron emission tomography)|
C12-K04D|Current|(1986-    )|Testing for plant disorders or diseases|||
C12-K04E|Current|(1986-    )|Testing for substances other than for diseases||Not in body fluids.|
C12-K04E1|Current|(2005-    )|Drug discovery process|||
C12-K04E2|Current|(2005-    )|Environmental testing||Includes testing for contaminants in rivers.|
C12-K04E3|Current|(2007-    )|Other drug testing|C12-K04E|Includes quality control|
C12-K04F|Current|(1994-    )|Tests involving nucleic acid, hybridisation probes etc.|C12-K04, C12-K04A||
C12-K04G|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of diseases or conditions in animals general||Including detection of glucose in blood and ethanol in breath. Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A.|
C12-K04G1|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of infections and exogenous disorders|||
C12-K04G1A|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of microbial diseases general and other||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A4.|
C12-K04G1B|Current|(2016-    )|Detection of viral diseases||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A4A.|
C12-K04G1C|Current|(2016-    )|Detection of bacterial diseases||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A4B.|
C12-K04G1D|Current|(2016-    )|Detection of fungal diseases||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A4C.|
C12-K04G1E|Current|(2016-    )|Detection of parasites||Including protozoa and helminths. Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A7.|
C12-K04G2|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of endogenous disorders general and other|||
C12-K04G2A|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of tumors, cancer||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A1.|
C12-K04G2B|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of heart and circulatory disorders||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A2.|
C12-K04G2C|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of genetic disorders||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A3.|
C12-K04G2D|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of CNS disorders||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A5.|
C12-K04G2E|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of pregnancy, testing or measuring sex hormone levels and estrus cycle||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A6.|
C12-K04G2F|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of immunological disorders||Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A8.|
C12-K04G2G|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of respiratory disorders||Includes detection of diseases such as anoxia, cystic fibrosis and bronchitis. Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A9.|
C12-K04G2H|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of endocrine and hormonal diseases||Including thyroid diseases. Prior to 201601, searched as C12-K04A10.|
C12-K04G2I|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders|||
C12-K04G2J|Current|(2016-    )|Diagnosis of renal and urological disorders|||
C12-K05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Expectorant*||*Code retired, searched under C14-K01E as of 199401.|
C12-K06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Respiratory active*||*Code retired, searched under C14-K01; C14-K01C as of 199401.|
C12-K07|Current|(1963-    )|Contrast agents and medium||Prior to 2010, this code covered X-ray contrast media only. Includes X-ray and MRI agents and media. Does not include radiopharmaceuticals (coded in C12-K04B) and other in-vivo imaging (coded in C12-K04C).|
C12-L|Current||Cosmetic preparation type|||
C12-L01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Antiperspirant*||*Code retired, searched under C14-03 as of 199401.|
C12-L02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Cosmetic*||*Code retired, searched under C14-R01 as of 199401.|
C12-L03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Dental agent*||*Code retired, searched under C14-N06 as of 199401.|
C12-L04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Ear, nose, eye mouth and throat preparation*||*Code retired, searched under C14-N02; C14-N03; C14-N04; C14-N05 as of 199401.|
C12-L05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Hair preparation*||*Code retired, searched under C14-R02 as of 199401.|
C12-L06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Insect repellent*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B05 as of 199401.|
C12-L07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Perfume*||*Code retired, searched under C14-R04 as of 199401.|
C12-L08|Retired|(1965-1993)|Sunscreen agent*||*Code retired, searched under C14-R05 as of 199401.|
C12-L09|Retired|(1965-1993)|Veterinary*||*Code retired, searched under C14-S12 as of 199401.|
C12-L10|Retired|(1966-1993)|Agricultural composition [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-S17 as of 199401.|
C12-M|Current||Formulations type||Codes in this section are applied only when the formulation is the main feature of the invention, or ingredients are not specified.|
C12-M01|Current||Aerosol, inhalent, smoke [general]|||
C12-M01A|Current|(1986-    )|Aerosol|||
C12-M01B|Current|(1986-    )|Inhalent|||
C12-M01B1|Current|(2005-    )|Dry powder inhaler||A dry powder inhaler (DPI) is similar to a metered dose inhaler, but is breath-activated, so the patient does not have to co-ordinate activation of the inhaler with inhalation of medicament.|
C12-M01B2|Current|(2005-    )|Multidose inhaler||A different type of inhaler that is also breath-activated. Used to deliver many smaller doses to make up the full required dosage.|
C12-M01B3|Current|(2005-    )|Nebulizer||A device which is used to administer a solution of drug in the form of a fine mist for you to inhale. Air is forced through the drug solution in the drug chamber, changing the liquid into a fine mist which is breathed in through a mask or mouthpiece.|
C12-M01B4|Current|(2008-    )|Metered dose inhaler|||
C12-M01C|Current|(1986-    )|Smoke|||
C12-M01D|Retired|(2002-2006)|Intranasal*||*Code retired, searched under C14-M12Q as of 199401.|
C12-M01E|Current|(2005-    )|Other gaseous forms|||
C12-M02|Current||Cream, ointment, plaster|||
C12-M02A|Current|(1986-    )|Toothpaste, toothpowder||From 198601 C12-L03 is not additionally applied.|
C12-M02B|Current|(1986-    )|Includes liniment, balm and other general oil-based formulations|||
C12-M02C|Current|(1986-    )|Cataplasm, poultice||Applying heat.|
C12-M02D|Old|(1986-2005)|Sticking plaster, bandage||Excluding C12-M02C.|
C12-M02D|Current|(2006-    )|Adhesive sheet, sticking plaster, bandage, gauze||From 2006, the scope of this code has been extended to cover adhesive sheets in addition to sticking plasters and bandages. Also includes gauze. Excluding C12-M02C.|
C12-M02E|Current|(1986-    )|Dusting powder||Topical use only.|
C12-M02F|Current|(1986-    )|Transdermal||Administration of a drug through dermal or mucosal membrane. Includes microneedles.|
C12-M02G|Current|(2006-    )|Gels/hydrogels|||
C12-M03|Current||Emulsion|||
C12-M04|Current||Packaging material, apparatus||This code is used in conjunction with only the C, C01, C07, C08 and C09 sub-sections of C11.|
C12-M05|Current||Pharmaceutical composition [general]|||
C12-M06|Current||Preservative|||
C12-M07|Current||Solution|||
C12-M08|Current||Also includes pessaries|||
C12-M09|Current||Surfactant|||
C12-M10|Current||Sustained and delayed release [general]|||
C12-M10A|Current|(1986-    )|Sustained release (general)||Active ingredient is gradually released over a period of time.|
C12-M10A1|Current|(2005-    )|Osmotic pump||Similar to a reservoir device but with an osmotic agent added (typically the active agent in salt form) which causes pressure generation that forces out the active agent.|
C12-M10A2|Current|(2005-    )|Reservoir devices||Active drug core encapsulated within a polymer film or coat through which it diffuses.|
C12-M10A3|Current|(2005-    )|Multi-layer tablet type||Variation on the matrix device in which the matrix is coated so as to modify the hydration/swelling of the core and so reduce the surface area available for drug delivery.|
C12-M10A4|Current|(2005-    )|Other matrix devices||Drug is present as a dispersion within a polymer matrix. Also known as monolithic devices. Not used for the multi-layer tablet type (in which matrix is fully or partially coated) or for externally stimulated devices.|
C12-M10A5|Current|(2005-    )|Pendant devices||Active is bound to polymer, from which it is released by hydrolytic enzymes in the body.|
C12-M10A6|Current|(2005-    )|Dual release devices||Typically soft gelatin capsules designed to provide an initial burst of drug followed by a steady release of the remainder. Consists of an inner aqueous matrix and outer lipophilic matrix.|
C12-M10A7|Current|(2005-    )|Nanotechnology devices||Use of nanotechnology to deliver drugs to specific sites and control their release at that point.|
C12-M10B|Current|(1986-    )|Delayed release||This term is usually associated with enterically coated tablets which prevent the contents from being released until a drug reaches the intestines.|
C12-M10C|Current|(2002-    )|Rapid release|||
C12-M10D|Current|(2005-    )|Pulsed release||Active drug core coated with specific polymers and agents, where active agent is released in a drug pulse after a time lag.|
C12-M10E|Current|(2005-    )|Site-specific release general||Drug bound to /or encased in a bio-polymer or other active substance in order to facilitate it's transfer through the cell wall. This ensures the drug is delivered to the specific cells it needs to reach.|
C12-M10E1|Current|(2005-    )|Using liposomes||A site-specific release form in which the drug is encased within a liposome.|
C12-M10E2|Current|(2005-    )|Using antibodies||A site-specific release form in which the drug is bound to an antibody.|
C12-M10E3|New|(2017-    )|Using nucleic acids||A site-specific release form in which the drug is bound to nucleic acid.|
C12-M10F|Current|(2005-    )|Externally stimulated devices (e.g. electrically or ultrasonically)||Any controlled release device in which the release of the drug is by an external stimulus. May be used in conjunction with other C12-M10 codes.|
C12-M11|Current||Tablets, capsules etc. [general]|||
C12-M11A|Current|(1986-    )|Anticaking|||
C12-M11B|Current|(1986-    )|Tablet (pressed)|||
C12-M11C|Current|(1986-    )|Capsule||Excluding microcapsule.|
C12-M11D|Current|(1986-    )|PELLET, PRILL, GRANULE, PARTICLE||Excluding C12-M11B|
C12-M11E|Current|(1986-    )|Microcapsule||Excluding C12-M11F.|
C12-M11F|Current|(1986-    )|Liposomes/Niosomes||Includes non-ionic surfactant-based liposomes (when site specific release is not mentioned). Includes micelles|
C12-M11G|Current|(1986-    )|Powder|||
C12-M11H|Current|(1986-    )|Polymorphic form|||
C12-M11H1|Current|(2006-    )|Special amorphous form|||
C12-M11H2|Current|(2006-    )|Special crystal form|||
C12-M11J|Current|(1994-    )|Effervescent Formulation||Includes effervescent tablets and effervescent granules|
C12-M11K|Current|(1994-    )|Tablet with two or more coating layers|C12-M11B||
C12-M11L|Old|(2002-2014)|Water-soluble tablet|||
C12-M11L|Current|(2015-    )|Water soluble formulation||Include water soluble tablets and water soluble granules.|
C12-M11M|Current|(2005-    )|Chewable formulation|||
C12-M11N|Current|(2006-    )|Microparticle|||
C12-M11P|Current|(2006-    )|Lyophilized form||Also includes freeze dried forms|
C12-M11Q|Current|(2008-    )|Nanoformulations||Includes nanoparticles.|
C12-M11R|Current|(2009-    )|Coated form general and other||Tablets with two or more coating layers are coded under C12-M11K|
C12-M11R1|Current|(2009-    )|Coated capsules|||
C12-M11R2|Current|(2009-    )|Coated microparticles|||
C12-M11R3|Current|(2012-    )|Coated tablets|||
C12-M11S|Current|(2011-    )|Foam formulation|||
C12-M11T|Current|(2014-    )|LOZENGE|||
C12-M11U|Current|(2016-    )|Dual dosage forms||e.g. tablet in capsule / pellet in capsule. To be searched alongside the C12 codes for each individual dosage component.|
C12-M11V|Current|(2016-    )|Colloidal form||May be searched with other code(s) from C12-M.|
C12-M11Z|Current|(2015-    )|Pro-formulation||Additional code to indicate the pro-form of a formulation, e.g. pro-liposomes. Applied in conjunction with other C12-M11 codes.|
C12-M12|Current|(2005-    )|Mode of adminstration|||
C12-M12A|Current|(2005-    )|Buccal, sublingual|||
C12-M12B|Current|(2005-    )|External, topical|||
C12-M12C|Current|(2005-    )|Injection|||
C12-M12D|Current|(2005-    )|Infusion|||
C12-M12E|Current|(2005-    )|Intraarterial|||
C12-M12F|Current|(2005-    )|Intravenous|||
C12-M12G|Current|(2005-    )|Intraaural|||
C12-M12H|Current|(2005-    )|Intraocular|||
C12-M12J|Current|(2005-    )|Intramuscular|||
C12-M12K|Current|(2005-    )|Subcutaneous|||
C12-M12L|Current|(2005-    )|Intrauterine|||
C12-M12M|Current|(2005-    )|Intravaginal|||
C12-M12N|Current|(2005-    )|Oral general|||
C12-M12P|Current|(2005-    )|Rectal general|||
C12-M12Q|Current|(2006-    )|Intranasal|||
C12-M12R|Current|(2012-    )|Intrathecal|||
C12-M12S|Current|(2013-    )|Intraarticular|||
C12-M12T|Current|(2013-    )|Intramedular||Intramedular/intramedullary|
C12-M12U|Current|(2013-    )|Intraperitoneal|||
C12-M12V|Current|(2015-    )|EPIDURAL||Mode of administration is through spinal cord.|
C12-M12W|New|(2017-    )|Intravesical||Injecting drugs directly to urinary bladder.|
C12-M12Z|Current|(2011-    )|Specific treatment regime||Includes sequential administration of drugs and tapered dosing regimes.|
C12-M13|Current|(2005-    )|Foliar application (agricultural)|||
C12-M14|Current|(2005-    )|Suspensions, dispersions|||
C12-M15|Current|(2005-    )|Film, sheet||Includes laminates.|
C12-M16|Current|(2005-    )|Prosthesis|||
C12-M17|Current|(2005-    )|Surgical sponge, tampon|||
C12-M18|Current|(2005-    )|Encapsulation|||
C12-M19|Current|(2006-    )|Gene delivery methods|||
C12-M19A|Current|(2006-    )|Gene delivery by viral methods|||
C12-M19B|Current|(2006-    )|Gene delivery by non-viral methods|||
C12-M20|Current|(2007-    )|Taste masking|||
C12-M21|Current|(2007-    )|Absorbent, accelerator|||
C12-M22|Current|(2008-    )|Formulations to prevent drugs from being abused|||
C12-N|Current||Pesticides, fertilizers|||
C12-N01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Pesticides [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B01 as of 199401.|
C12-N02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Insecticides*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B04B as of 199401.|
C12-N03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Lures, baits etc.*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B14 as of 199401.|
C12-N04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Molluscicide, slugicide*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B12 as of 199401.|
C12-N05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Rodenticide*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B09 as of 199401. Including birds etc. prior to 199401, thereafter birds coded separately as C14-B10.|
C12-N06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Rodent repellent*||*Code retired, searched under C14-B13 as of 199401. Including birds etc.|
C12-N07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Soil fumigants, sterilants and seed protectants*||*Code retired, searched under C14-U02 as of 199401.|
C12-N08|Retired|(1965-1993)|Soil improving (other than nutrients), synthetic growth media*||*Code retired, searched under C14-T01 as of 199401 and later subdivided.|
C12-N09|Retired|(1965-1993)|Soil nutrients*||*Code retired, searched under C14-T03 as of 199401. Inorganic, including trace elements (trace elements subdivided to C14-T05 as of 200501).|
C12-N10|Retired|(1965-1993)|Soil nutrients (others)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-T04 as of 199401.|
C12-P|Current||Plant growth regulant type|||
C12-P01|Retired|(1965-1993)|Plant growth regulants [general]*||*Code retired, searched under C14-U01 as of 199401.|
C12-P02|Retired|(1965-1993)|Defoliants, desiccants, chemical mowing*||*Code retired, searched under C14-U01A as of 199401.|
C12-P03|Retired|(1965-1993)|Fruit drop and set, thinning of fruit*||*Code retired, searched under C14-U01B as of 199401.|
C12-P04|Retired|(1965-1993)|Growth stimulants, phytohormones*||*Code retired, searched under C14-U01C as of 199401.|
C12-P05|Retired|(1965-1993)|Herbicide (total and general)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-V01 as of 199401.|
C12-P06|Retired|(1965-1993)|Herbicide (selective)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-V02 as of 199401.|
C12-P07|Retired|(1965-1993)|Moss, lichen controlling*||*Code retired.|
C12-P08|Retired|(1965-1993)|Rooting cpds. (rhizogenes)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-U01D as of 199401.|
C12-P09|Retired|(1965-1993)|Sprouting inhibitors, seed germination inhibitors, growth inhibitors*||*Code retired, searched under C14-U01E as of 199401.|
C12-P10|Retired|(1965-1993)|Moisture conservation (mulches)*||*Code retired, searched under C14-T02 as of 199401.|
C12-Q01|Old|(2006-2015)|Pharmacogenomics|||
C12-Q01|Current|(2016-    )|Targeted therapies||Includes pharmacogenomics, precision medicine and personalised medicine.|
C12-Q01A|Current|(2006-    )|Pharmacogenomics General|||
C12-R|Current|(2009-    )|Formulation specifically excluding one or more components||e.g. herbicide formulation specifically excluding glyphosate. The component(s) excluded is/are not coded in sections C01-C10.|
C14|Old|(1965-2011)|Agricultural activities||When a patent refers to a drug's mode of action and lists a number of activities associated with it, only the mode of action is coded.|
C14|Current|(2012-    )|Agricultural activities||To extend the B14 cancer code hierarchy rules to other disease classes: i.e. if a drug treats a class of diseases (e.g. CNS disorders), particularly one specific disease (e.g. Parkinson's or Alzheimer's), we should use both the general and specific codes|
C14-A|Current||Antimicrobials|||
C14-A01|Current|(1994-    )|Antibacterial [general]|C12-A01||
C14-A01A|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-negative genera, general and other|C12-A01||
C14-A01A1|Current|(1994-    )|Bordetella|C12-A01|e.g. B. pertussis.|
C14-A01A2|Current|(1994-    )|Borrelia|C12-A01|e.g. B. burgdorferi (causes Lyme disease)|
C14-A01A3|Current|(1994-    )|Escherichia|C12-A01|e.g. E. coli.|
C14-A01A4|Current|(1994-    )|Mycoplasma|C12-A01|e.g. M. pneumoniae, M. mycoides.|
C14-A01A5|Current|(1994-    )|Neisseria|C12-A05|e.g. N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis.|
C14-A01A6|Current|(1994-    )|Pseudomonas|C12-A01|e.g. P. aeruginosa, P. mallei.|
C14-A01A7|Current|(1994-    )|Rickettsia|C12-A01|e.g. R. prowazekii (causes typhus).|
C14-A01A8|Current|(1994-    )|Salmonella|C12-A01|e.g. S. typhi (causes typhoid fever).|
C14-A01A9|Current|(1994-    )|Vibrio|C12-A01|e.g. V. cholerae, V. parahaemoliticus.|
C14-A01B|Current|(1994-    )|Gram-positive genera, general and other|C12-A01||
C14-A01B1|Current|(1994-    )|Mycobacteria|C12-A01, C12-A03, C12-A04|e.g. M.bovis, M. phlei.|
C14-A01B1A|Current|(2005-    )|Antibacterial - m. Tuberculosis|||
C14-A01B1B|Current|(2005-    )|Antibacterial - m. Leprae|||
C14-A01B2|Current|(1994-    )|Streptococcus|C12-A01|e.g. S. pyogenes, S. faecalis, S. pneumoniae (pneumococci), S. lactis.|
C14-A01B3|Current|(1994-    )|Streptomyces|C12-A01|e.g. S. griseus, S. scabies.|
C14-A01B4|Current|(1994-    )|Staphylococcus|C12-A01|e.g. S. aureus, S. epidermitidis.|
C14-A01B5|Current|(2006-    )|Bacillus||e.g. B.anthracis, B. cereus.|
C14-A01C|Current|(1994-    )|Plant antibacterial [general]|C12-A06||
C14-A01C1|Current|(1994-    )|Enterobacteria (plant)|C12-A01|e.g. Erwinia. Including soft rot, fibre blight treatment.|
C14-A01C2|Current|(1994-    )|Pseudomonas (plant)|C12-A01|Including plant spot, canker, gummosis treatment.|
C14-A01C3|Current|(1994-    )|Agrobacteria|C12-A01|Including crown gall treatment.|
C14-A01X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant bacteria||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section C14-A01.|
C14-A02|Current|(1994-    )|Antiviral [general]|C12-A06||
C14-A02A|Current|(1994-    )|DNA viruses general and other|C12-A06||
C14-A02A1|Current|(1994-    )|Adenovirus|C12-A06||
C14-A02A2|Current|(1994-    )|Arbovirus|C12-A06|This code is used for treatment of e.g. yellow fever or viral encephalitis.|
C14-A02A3|Current|(1994-    )|Herpesvirus|C12-A06|e.g. cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, chicken pox.|
C14-A02A4|Current|(1994-    )|Poxvirus|C12-A06||
C14-A02A5|Current|(1994-    )|Hepatitis B virus|C12-A06, C12-G02||
C14-A02A6|Current|(1994-    )|Papovavirus|C12-A06|E.g. papilloma.|
C14-A02A7|Retired|(2002-2014)|Hepatitis C treatment*||*Code retired, searched under C14-A02B9 as of 201501.|
C14-A02A8|Current|(2002-    )|Hepatitis D treatment|||
C14-A02A9|Current|(2005-    )|Antiviral - parvovirus||Includes treatment of Slapped cheek syndrome.|
C14-A02B|Current|(1994-    )|RNA viruses general and other|C12-A06||
C14-A02B0|Current|(2014-    )|Calcivirus||e.g. norovirus, lagovirus, sapovirus, feline calcivirus|
C14-A02B1|Current|(1994-    )|Retrovirus|C12-A06, C12-G05, C12-G07|Including leuco- and oncoviruses, T-cell leukemia virus, HIV, Rous sarcoma. Treatment of AIDS directed against symptoms or the immune system is coded C14-G01B.|
C14-A02B2|Current|(1994-    )|(Para/ortho)myxovirus|C12-A06|Including Influenza and mumps. When treatment against influenza is directed against symptoms, other codes may be applied, e.g. antipyretic drug for treating flu is coded C14-C04.|
C14-A02B3|Current|(1994-    )|Picornavirus|C12-A06, C12-G02|Including entero-, rhino-, polio-, cold, hepatitis A. For hepatitis B see C14-A02A5. When treatment against cold is directed against symptoms, other codes may be applied, e.g. antiinflammatory drug for treating cold is coded C14-C03.|
C14-A02B4|Current|(1994-    )|Rhabdovirus|C12-A06|Including rabies.|
C14-A02B5|Current|(1994-    )|Coronavirus|C12-A06|Including SARS, also coded as C14-K01D.|
C14-A02B6|Current|(1994-    )|Togavirus|C12-A06|Including rubella.|
C14-A02B7|Current|(1994-    )|Reovirus|C12-A06|e.g. rotavirus.|
C14-A02B8|Current|(1994-    )|Plant antiviral [general]|C12-A06|This code covers treatment of plant viral diseases e.g. mosaic, yellow disease.|
C14-A02B9|Old|(2005-2014)|Antiviral - flavivirus|||
C14-A02B9|Current|(2015-    )|Flavivirus||Includes Yellow Fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Hepatitis C and G and West Nile Virus. Prior to 201501, Hepatitis C was coded C14-A02A7.|
C14-A02X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant viruses||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section C14-A02.|
C14-A03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiprotozoal general and other|C12-B04||
C14-A03A|Current|(1994-    )|Amoebicide|C12-B01||
C14-A03B|Current|(1994-    )|Antimalarial|C12-B03|Plasmodium is the malarial parasite.|
C14-A03C|Current|(1994-    )|Coccidiostat|C12-B05|Includes Eimeria and Isospora.|
C14-A03D|Current|(1994-    )|Trichomonicide, histomonicide|C12-B04||
C14-A03E|Current|(1994-    )|Trypanocide|C12-B07|i.e. Sleeping sickness.|
C14-A03F|Current|(2005-    )|Other antiprotozoal|||
C14-A03X|Current|(2014-    )|Combating resistant protozoa||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section C14-A03.|
C14-A04|Current|(1994-    )|Antifungal general and other|||
C14-A04A|Current|(1994-    )|Aspergillus|C12-A02C||
C14-A04B|Current|(1994-    )|Candida|C12-A02C|This code covers treatment of thrush.|
C14-A04C|Current|(1994-    )|Trichophyton, microsporum|C12-A02C|This code covers treatment of e.g. ringworm, tinea, Athlete's foot.|
C14-A04X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant fungi||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section C14-A04.|
C14-A05|Current|(1994-    )|Antialgal|C12-A02A||
C14-A06|Current|(1994-    )|Plant antifungal [general]|C12-A02C||
C14-A06A|Current|(1994-    )|Alternaria|C12-A02C||
C14-A06B|Current|(1994-    )|Botrytis|C12-A02C||
C14-A06C|Current|(1994-    )|Fusarium|C12-A02C||
C14-A06D|Current|(1994-    )|Helminthosporium|C12-A02C||
C14-A06E|Current|(1994-    )|Phytophthora|C12-A02C||
C14-A06F|Current|(1994-    )|Pythium|C12-A02C||
C14-A06G|Current|(1994-    )|Rhizoctonia|C12-A02C||
C14-A06H|Current|(1994-    )|Sclerotinia|C12-A02C||
C14-A06J|Current|(1994-    )|Sclerotium|C12-A02C||
C14-A06K|Current|(1994-    )|Septoria|C12-A02C||
C14-A06L|Current|(1994-    )|Venturia|C12-A02C||
C14-A06M|Current|(1994-    )|Verticillium|C12-A02C||
C14-A06N|Current|(1994-    )|Powdery mildew|C12-A02C|e.g. Erysiphe, Sphaerotheca, Podosphaera, Uncinula.|
C14-A06P|Current|(1994-    )|Downey mildew|C12-A02C|e.g. Plasmopara, Peronospora.|
C14-A06R|Current|(1994-    )|Rusts|C12-A02C||
C14-A06S|Current|(1994-    )|Smuts, bunts|C12-A02C|e.g. Ustilago, Tilletia.|
C14-A06T|Current|(1994-    )|Other plant antifungal|C12-A02C||
C14-A06X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant plant fungi||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section C14-A06.|
C14-B|Current||Pesticides and other antiparasitics|||
C14-B01|Current|(1994-    )|Pesticide [general]|C12-N01|This code is applied only when type is unspecified or general.|
C14-B02|Current|(1994-    )|Antiparasitic [general]|C12-B04|This code is applied only when type is unspecified or general.|
C14-B03|Current|(1994-    )|Vermicide, antihelmintic general and other|C12-B02||
C14-B03A|Current|(1994-    )|Nematocide|C12-B02|Including threadworm.|
C14-B03B|Current|(1994-    )|Schistosomicide|C12-B06||
C14-B03C|Current|(1994-    )|Tapeworm|C12-B02||
C14-B03D|Current|(2005-    )|Distomicide, other fluke|||
C14-B04|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropodicide general and other|C12-N01|Includes crustacicide, arachnicide.|
C14-B04A|Current|(1994-    )|Acaricide|C12-B04|Includes miticides, tickicides.|
C14-B04B|Current|(1994-    )|Insecticide general and other|C12-N02||
C14-B04B1|Current|(1994-    )|Coleoptera|C12-N02|Covers beetle killing.|
C14-B04B2|Current|(1994-    )|Dictyoptera|C12-N02|Covers cockroach killing and termite killing.|
C14-B04B3|Current|(1994-    )|Diptera|C12-N02|Includes house fly, gnat, and mosquito killing.|
C14-B04B4|Current|(1994-    )|Ephemeroptera|C12-N02|Includes mayfly killing.|
C14-B04B5|Current|(1994-    )|Hemiptera|C12-N02|Includes aphid (greenfly) killing.|
C14-B04B6|Current|(1994-    )|Hymenoptera|C12-N02|Includes bee, wasp and ant killing.|
C14-B04B7|Current|(1994-    )|Lepidoptera|C12-N02|Covers butterfly and moth killing.|
C14-B04B8|Current|(1994-    )|Orthoptera|C12-N02|Covers locust killing.|
C14-B04B9|Current|(1994-    )|Siphonaptera|C12-N02|Includes flea killing.|
C14-B04X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant arthropods||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section C14-B04.|
C14-B05|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropod repellent|C12-L06|Covers Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, millipedes, ticks and mites|
C14-B06|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropod attractant|C12-N03|Covers Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, millipedes, ticks and mites|
C14-B07|Current|(1994-    )|Arthropod sterilant|C12-K03|Covers Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, millipedes, ticks and mites|
C14-B08|Current|(1994-    )|Antilichen|C12-A02B||
C14-B09|Current|(1994-    )|Rodenticide|C12-N05||
C14-B10|Current|(1994-    )|Avicide|C12-N05||
C14-B11|Current|(1994-    )|Piscicide|C12-N05||
C14-B12|Current|(1994-    )|Molluscicide|C12-N04|Includes gastropodicide, slug, snail, bivalve, octopus killing.|
C14-B13|Current|(1994-    )|Animal repellent (other than insect)|C12-N06||
C14-B14|Current|(1994-    )|Lures, bates (other than insect pheromones)|C12-N03||
C14-B15|Current|(1994-    )|Antifouling|C12-A08||
C14-C|Current||Anaesthetics and drugs relieving fever, inflammation and pain|||
C14-C01|Current|(1994-    )|Analgesic|C12-D01|This code is used when the action of the analgesic is very wide or unspecified. A more specific code is applied where possible e.g. analgesic for treating dysmenorrhea only is coded under C14-N14 only.|
C14-C02|Current|(1994-    )|Antigout|C12-D07, C12-G03||
C14-C03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiinflammatory [general]|C12-D07|This code is used for treatment of general oedema or inflammation. Specific inflammation treatments are coded elsewhere when possible e.g. Bronchitis is coded C14-K01 only, colitis as C14-E01C only etc.|
C14-C04|Current|(1994-    )|Antipyretic|C12-D08||
C14-C05|Current|(1994-    )|Antihypothermia|C12-D08||
C14-C06|Current|(1994-    )|Antirheumatic|C12-D09||
C14-C07|Current|(1994-    )|General anaesthetic|C12-C01||
C14-C08|Current|(1994-    )|Local anaesthetic|C12-C02||
C14-C09|Current|(1994-    )|Antiarthritic general and other|C12-C03||
C14-C09A|Current|(1994-    )|Osteoarthritis|C12-C03||
C14-C09B|Current|(1994-    )|Rheumatoid-arthritis|C12-D03||
C14-D|Current||Hormonal, antihormonal, enzyme inhibitors||The codes marked with * are also used for agonist/mimetic or receptor agonist/mimetic activities. The codes marked with ** are also used for antagonist/inhibitor or receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities, e.g. aldosterone receptor antagonist is coded C14-D02A1. See section C14-L for other agonist/antagonist activities.|
C14-D01|Current|(1994-    )|Hormonal general and other*|C12-G04||
C14-D01A|Current|(1994-    )|Androgenic*|C12-G04B||
C14-D01B|Current|(1994-    )|Oestrogenic*|C12-G04C||
C14-D01C|Current|(1994-    )|Progestational*|C12-G04D||
C14-D01D|Current|(1994-    )|Other steroid*|C12-G04||
C14-D01E|Current|(1994-    )|Peptide hormone activity*|C12-G04||
C14-D01E1|Current|(2005-    )|Melanocortin agonists||Adrenocorticotropic hormone agonist.|
C14-D01E2|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone agonists|||
C14-D02|Current|(1994-    )|Antihormonal general and other**|C12-G01A||
C14-D02A|Current|(1994-    )|Antisteroid general and other**|C12-G01A||
C14-D02A1|Current|(1994-    )|Antialdosterone**|C12-G01A||
C14-D02A2|Current|(1994-    )|Anticholesterol**|C12-H03||
C14-D02A3|Current|(2005-    )|Antiestrogenic||This code also covers oestrogenic antagonist/inhibitor activity and estrogen receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
C14-D02A4|Current|(2005-    )|Antiprogestational||This code also covers progestational antagonist/inhibitor activity and progestational receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
C14-D02A5|Current|(2005-    )|Antiandrogenic||This code also covers androgenic antagonist/inhibitor activity and androgen receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
C14-D02A6|Current|(2005-    )|Other antisteroid hormone||This code also covers other steroid antagonist/inhibitor activity and other steroid receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
C14-D02B|Current|(1994-    )|Antipeptide hormone**|C12-G01A||
C14-D02B1|Current|(2005-    )|Melanocortin antagonists|||
C14-D02B2|Current|(2005-    )|Melanin concentrating hormone antagonists|||
C14-D03|Current|(1994-    )|Enzyme inhibitors general and other|C12-G01B||
C14-D04|Current|(1994-    )|Coenzyme inhibitors|C12-G01B||
C14-D05|Current|(1994-    )|Antioxidoreductases general and other|C12-G01B1||
C14-D05A|Current|(1994-    )|Antioxidases|C12-G01B1||
C14-D05B|Current|(1994-    )|Antiperoxidases|C12-G01B1||
C14-D05C|Current|(1994-    )|Antioxygenases|C12-G01B1||
C14-D05D|Current|(1994-    )|Antidehydrogenases, antireductases|C12-G01B1||
C14-D06|Current|(1994-    )|Antitransferases general and other|C12-G01B2|Includes HIV integrase inhibitor.|
C14-D06A|Current|(1994-    )|Antidna/rna polymerase|C12-G01B2||
C14-D06B|Current|(1994-    )|Antireverse transcriptase|C12-G01B2||
C14-D06C|Current|(2005-    )|Antikinase|||
C14-D07|Current|(1994-    )|Antihydrolases general and other|C12-G01B3||
C14-D07A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiesterases|C12-G01B3|Including lipase, nuclease, restriction enzyme, sulphatase, phosphatase inhibitors.|
C14-D07A1|Current|(2005-    )|Phosphodiesterase inhibitors|||
C14-D07B|Current|(1994-    )|Antiglycosidases|C12-G01B3|Including amylase, cellulase, lactase inhibitors.|
C14-D07C|Current|(1994-    )|Antiproteases, antipeptide hydrolases general|C12-G01B3|Including chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, fibrinolysin, renin collagenases, elastases inhibitors. Renin inhibitor used as hypotensive is coded C14-F02B1 only.|
C14-D07C1|Current|(2005-    )|Metalloprotease inhibitors|C12-G01B4||
C14-D08|Current|(1994-    )|Antilyases|C12-G01B4|Including adenyl cyclases, (de)carboxylases, aldolases, dehydratases inhibitors.|
C14-D09|Current|(1994-    )|Antiisomerases|C12-G01B5|Including racemases, tautomerases, epimerases, mutases inhibitors.|
C14-D10|Current|(1994-    )|Antiligases|C12-G01B6|Including synthetases, some carboxylases inhibitors.|
C14-E|Current||Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal system|||
C14-E01|Current|(1994-    )|Antacid|C12-J03||
C14-E02|Current|(1994-    )|Antidiarrhoeal|C12-J04||
C14-E03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiflatulent|C12-J03||
C14-E04|Current|(1994-    )|Antihaemorrhoidal|C12-J04||
C14-E05|Current|(1994-    )|Antiemetic|C12-D05||
C14-E06|Current|(1994-    )|Emetic|C12-J06||
C14-E07|Current|(1994-    )|Gastric secretion inhibitor|C12-J02||
C14-E08|Current|(1994-    )|Ulcer treatment (peptic, gastric, duodenal)|C12-E08|Skin ulcers are coded C14-N17B.|
C14-E09|Current|(1994-    )|Laxative|C12-J07||
C14-E10|Current|(1994-    )|Gastrointestinal dysfunction general and other|C12-J01||
C14-E10A|Current|(1994-    )|Oesophagal|C12-J01||
C14-E10B|Current|(1994-    )|Gastric|C12-J01|Includes gastritis.|
C14-E10C|Current|(1994-    )|Bowel|C12-J01|Including irritable and inflammatory bowel (e.g. IBS), as well as colitis treatment (inflammation of the colon).|
C14-E10C1|Current|(2005-    )|Inflammatory bowel disorders|||
C14-E10D|Current|(1994-    )|Dysentery|C12-B01, C12-A01, C12-A06, C12-J04, C12-J05||
C14-E10E|Current|(2008-    )|Gastrointestinal Flora|||
C14-E11|Current|(1994-    )|Anabolic, anorexia treatment|C12-J01||
C14-E11A|Current|(2005-    )|Anorexia|||
C14-E11B|Current|(2005-    )|Cachexia||Any general reduction in the vitality and/or strength of the body and/or mind as a result of a debilitating chronic illness.|
C14-E11C|Current|(2005-    )|Malnutrition|||
C14-E11D|Current|(2005-    )|Bulimia|||
C14-E12|Current|(1994-    )|Anorectic, obesity treatment (appetite depressant)|C12-J02||
C14-F|Current||Drugs acting on the blood and cardiovascular system||The codes marked with * are also used for agonist/mimetic or receptor agonist/mimetic activities. The codes marked with ** are also used for antagonist/inhibitor or receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities. See section C14-L for other agonist/antagonist activities.|
C14-F01|Current|(1994-    )|Cardioactive general and other|C12-F01||
C14-F01A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiarrhythmic|C12-F01A||
C14-F01B|Current|(1994-    )|Cardiac stimulant|C12-F01B|Including treatment of myocardial infarct, myocardial contraction intensifying, cardiotonic, cardiac arrest treatment, cardiac insufficiency treatment.|
C14-F01C|Current|(1994-    )|Cardiac depressant|C12-F01C||
C14-F01D|Current|(1994-    )|Antianginal|C12-F02||
C14-F01E|Current|(1994-    )|Coronary dilator, coronary ischaemia treatment|C12-F02||
C14-F01F|Current|(1994-    )|Ganglion blocker|C12-F03||
C14-F01G|Current|(2002-    )|Restenosis treatment|||
C14-F02|Current|(1994-    )|Circulatory active general and other|C12-E01||
C14-F02A|Current|(1994-    )|Hypertensive (calcium agonists)*|C12-F04||
C14-F02B|Current|(1994-    )|Hypotensive general and other|C12-F05||
C14-F02B1|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin antagonists**|C12-F05A|This code is also applied to renin inhibitor when it is used as hypotensive.|
C14-F02B2|Current|(1994-    )|Calcium antagonists/entry blockers**|C12-F05B, C12-G01||
C14-F02C|Current|(1994-    )|Vasoconstrictor|C12-F06||
C14-F02D|Current|(1994-    )|Vasodilator, general ischaemia treatment|C12-F07||
C14-F02D1|Current|(1994-    )|Cerebral ischaemia treatment|C12-F07, C12-C10||
C14-F02D2|Current|(1994-    )|Pulmonary ischaemia treatment|C12-K06||
C14-F02E|Current|(1994-    )|Lymphatic disease treatment|C12-G03||
C14-F02F|Current|(2002-    )|Peripheral vascular disorder/|||
C14-F02F1|Current|(2002-    )|Angiogenic|||
C14-F02F2|Current|(2002-    )|Anti-angiogenic|||
C14-F02F3|Current|(2002-    )|Peripheral vascular disorder|||
C14-F03|Current|(1994-    )|Antianaemic|C12-H01|This code covers treatment of blood cell ratio imbalance.|
C14-F04|Current|(1994-    )|Anticoagulant, antiaggregants, thrombolytic|C12-H02||
C14-F05|Current|(1994-    )|Reperfusion treatment|||
C14-F06|Current|(1994-    )|Antilipaemic|C12-H03||
C14-F06A|Current|(2005-    )|Dyslipidemia|||
C14-F06B|Current|(2011-    )|Hypertriglyceremia|||
C14-F07|Current|(1994-    )|Antiarteriosclerotic|C12-H03|Includes atherosclerosis.|
C14-F08|Current|(1994-    )|Coagulant|C12-H04||
C14-F09|Current|(1994-    )|Hypoglycaemic|C12-H05|Treatment of diabetic symptoms is coded C14-S04.|
C14-F10|Current|(1994-    )|Hyperglycaemic|C12-H05||
C14-F11|Current|(1994-    )|Plasma and blood substitutes|C12-H06||
C14-G|Current||Drugs acting on the immune system|||
C14-G01|Current|(1994-    )|Immunostimulant general and other|C12-A01, C12-A06||
C14-G01A|Current|(1994-    )|Interferon inducing|C12-A06|This code is also used for agonist/mimetic or receptor agonist/mimetic activity.|
C14-G01B|Current|(1994-    )|Aids treatment|C12-A06|A drug which combats HIV is coded C14-A02B1.|
C14-G02|Current|(1994-    )|Immunosuppressant general and other|C12-D02B||
C14-G02A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiallergic|C12-D02||
C14-G02B|Current|(1994-    )|Antianaphylactic|C12-D02D||
C14-G02C|Current|(1994-    )|Graft/transplant rejection treatment|C12-D02B||
C14-G02D|Current|(1994-    )|Autoimmune disease treatment|C12-D02A||
C14-G03|Current|(1994-    )|Immunomodulatory|C12-A01, C12-A06, C12-D02B||
C14-H|Current||Anticancer drugs||Codes from sections C14-H01D -H01Z are now structured within the hierarchy C14-H01D to C14-H01L below. All document records containing codes introduced in 2005 will be changed to reflect the updated 2006 hierarchy and codes C14-H01M to C14-H01Z will no longer be searchable.|
C14-H00X|Current|(2014-    )|Multi-drug resistant cancers||To be applied in conjunction with other codes from C14-H where the cancer(s) to be treated are stated to be multi-drug resistant|
C14-H01|Current|(1994-    )|Anticancer general and other|C12-G07||
C14-H01A|Current|(1994-    )|Leukaemia treatment|C12-G05||
C14-H01B|Current|(1994-    )|Antiproliferative, inhibitor of cell division, cytostatic, cytoprotective|C12-D07, C12-E08, C12-G07||
C14-H01C|Current|(2005-    )|Dermatological cancers|C12-G07||
C14-H01D|Current|(2005-    )|Endocrine cancers|||
C14-H01D1|Current|(2006-    )|Breast cancers|||
C14-H01D2|Current|(2006-    )|Thyroid cancers|||
C14-H01E|Current|(2005-    )|Gastrointestinal cancers|||
C14-H01E1|Current|(2006-    )|Colon cancers|||
C14-H01E2|Current|(2006-    )|Oesophageal cancers|||
C14-H01E3|Current|(2006-    )|Gall bladder cancers|||
C14-H01E4|Current|(2006-    )|Intestinal cancers|||
C14-H01E5|Current|(2006-    )|Hepatic cancers|||
C14-H01E6|Current|(2006-    )|Pancreatic cancers|||
C14-H01E7|Current|(2006-    )|Rectal cancers|||
C14-H01E8|Current|(2006-    )|Stomach cancers|||
C14-H01F|Current|(2005-    )|Genitourinary cancers|||
C14-H01F1|Current|(2006-    )|Cervical/uterine cancers|||
C14-H01F2|Current|(2006-    )|Kidney cancers|||
C14-H01F3|Current|(2006-    )|Ovarian cancers|||
C14-H01F4|Current|(2006-    )|Prostate cancers|||
C14-H01F5|Current|(2006-    )|Testicular cancers|||
C14-H01F6|Current|(2006-    )|Bladder cancers|||
C14-H01G|Current|(2005-    )|Immunological cancers|||
C14-H01G1|Current|(2006-    )|Hodgkin's lymphoma|||
C14-H01G2|Current|(2006-    )|Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma|||
C14-H01H|Current|(2005-    )|Musculoskeletal cancers|||
C14-H01H1|Current|(2006-    )|Osteo cancers|||
C14-H01H2|Current|(2006-    )|Sarcoma|||
C14-H01J|Current|(2005-    )|Neurological cancers|||
C14-H01J1|Current|(2006-    )|Brain tumours|||
C14-H01K|Old|(2005-2005)|Intestinal cancer|||
C14-H01K|Current|(2005-    )|Oral and respiratory cancers|||
C14-H01K1|Current|(2006-    )|Buccal cavity and pharynx cancers|||
C14-H01K2|Current|(2006-    )|Larynx cancers|||
C14-H01K3|Current|(2006-    )|Lung cancers|||
C14-H01L|Current|(2005-    )|Other cancers|||
C14-H01L1|Current|(2006-    )|Multiple myelomas|||
C14-H01M|Retired|(2005-2005)|Larynx cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01N|Retired|(2005-2005)|Lung cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01P|Retired|(2005-2005)|Multiple myeloma*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01Q|Retired|(2005-2005)|Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01R|Retired|(2005-2005)|Oesophageal cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01S|Retired|(2005-2005)|Ovarian cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01T|Retired|(2005-2005)|Pancreatic cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01U|Retired|(2005-2005)|Prostate cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01V|Retired|(2005-2005)|Rectal cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01W|Retired|(2005-2005)|Skin melanoma*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01X|Retired|(2005-2005)|Stomach cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01Y|Retired|(2005-2005)|Testicular cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H01Z|Retired|(2005-2005)|Thyroid cancer*||*Code applied only in 2005, then discontinued as the section was restructured.|
C14-H02|Current|(1994-    )|Mutagen, carcinogen|C12-G07||
C14-H03|Current|(2002-    )|Apoptotic|||
C14-H04|Current|(2002-    )|Anti-apoptotic|||
C14-H05|Current|(2006-    )|Antiproliferative (non-cancerous)||e.g. Hyperplasia.|
C14-H06|Current|(2008-    )|Tumor sensitizers||Search when sensitizer type is not specified.|
C14-H06A|Current|(2016-    )|Radiosensitizers|||
C14-H06B|Current|(2016-    )|Photosensitisers|||
C14-H07|Current|(2016-    )|Hypoplasia and aplasia||To be searched in the general case where the affected organ(s) are not specified.|
C14-J|Current||Drugs acting on the muscular and nervous systems||The codes marked with * are also used for agonist/mimetic or receptor agonist/mimetic activities, e.g. dopamine receptor agonist is coded dopaminergic C14-J02C2. The codes marked with ** are also used for antagonist/inhibitor or receptor antagonist/inhibitor activities.|
C14-J01|Current|(1994-    )|Cns active general and other (cerebroprotective)|C12-C10||
C14-J01A|Current|(1994-    )|Stimulants general and other|C12-C06||
C14-J01A1|Current|(1994-    )|Antidepressant|C12-C06||
C14-J01A2|Current|(1994-    )|Analeptic|C12-C03||
C14-J01A3|Current|(1994-    )|Antiparkinsonian|C12-C04||
C14-J01A4|Current|(1994-    )|Alzheimer's, huntington's, senility, senile dementia, cognitive enhancer, antiamnesia, nootropics|C12-C10, C12-G04A||
C14-J01B|Current|(1994-    )|Depressants general and other|C12-C05||
C14-J01B1|Current|(1994-    )|Hypnotic|C12-C07||
C14-J01B2|Current|(1994-    )|Sedative|C12-C08||
C14-J01B3|Current|(1994-    )|Antipsychotic, neuroleptic, antischizophrenic|C12-C10, C12-E02||
C14-J01B4|Current|(1994-    )|Tranquilliser, anxiolytic|C12-C10||
C14-J02|Current|(1994-    )|Autonomic ns active general and other|C12-E01||
C14-J02A|Current|(1994-    )|Parasympathetic stimulants, mimetics general and other*|C12-E05||
C14-J02A1|Current|(1994-    )|Cholinergic (acetyl choline potentiators)*|C12-E05||
C14-J02A2|Current|(1994-    )|Muscarinic*|C12-E05||
C14-J02B|Current|(1994-    )|Parasympathetic depressant, parasympatholytic general and other**|C12-E04||
C14-J02B1|Current|(1994-    )|Anticholinergic**|C12-E04||
C14-J02B2|Current|(1994-    )|Antimuscarinic**|C12-E04||
C14-J02C|Current|(1994-    )|Sympathetic stimulants general and other*|C12-E07||
C14-J02C1|Current|(1994-    )|Adrenergic, adrenaline potentiator (alpha and beta)*|C12-E07||
C14-J02C2|Current|(1994-    )|Dopaminergic*|C12-E07||
C14-J02D|Current|(1994-    )|Sympathetic depressants, sympatholytic general and other**|C12-E06||
C14-J02D1|Current|(1994-    )|Alpha-adrenergic blocker**|C12-E06||
C14-J02D2|Current|(1994-    )|Beta-adrenergic blocker**|C12-E06B||
C14-J02D3|Current|(1994-    )|Antidopaminergic**|C12-E06||
C14-J03|Current|(1994-    )|Serotoninergic*|C12-G04||
C14-J04|Current|(1994-    )|Antiserotoninergic**|C12-G01||
C14-J05|Current|(1994-    )|Muscular active general and other (inotropic)|C12-E02||
C14-J05A|Current|(1994-    )|Muscle relaxant (negatively inotropic)|C12-E02||
C14-J05B|Current|(1994-    )|Mydriatic/myopic/hyperopic|C12-E03||
C14-J05C|Current|(1994-    )|Muscle contractant (positively inotropic)|C12-E02||
C14-J05D|Current|(1994-    )|Antispastic, antispasmodic, spasmolytic, spasm treatment|C12-E02, C12-E04||
C14-J05E|Current|(2002-    )|Duchenne's muscular dystrophy|||
C14-J06|Current|(1994-    )|Convulsant|C12-D10||
C14-J07|Current|(1994-    )|Anticonvulsant|C12-D04||
C14-K|Current||Drugs acting on the respiratory system|||
C14-K01|Current|(1994-    )|Respiratory active general and other|C12-K06|Including anoxia, cystic fibrosis and bronchitis treatment.|
C14-K01A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiasthmatic|C12-D02, C12-K02|Including anoxia,cystic fibrosis and bronchitis treatment.|
C14-K01B|Current|(1994-    )|Antitussive|C12-K01||
C14-K01C|Current|(1994-    )|Bronchoconstrictor|C12-K06||
C14-K01D|Current|(1994-    )|Bronchodilator|C12-K02||
C14-K01E|Old|(1994-2005)|Expectorant, mucolytic|C12-K05||
C14-K01E|Current|(2006-    )|Decongestant, expectorant, mucolytic|C12-K05|From 2006, the scope of this code has been extended to cover decongestants in addition to expectorants and mucolytics.|
C14-K01F|Current|(2002-    )|Adult respiratory distress syndrome|||
C14-L|Current||Agonists/mimetics and antagonists/inhibitors not covered elsewhere||The codes in this section are also used for receptor agonists/mimetics and receptor antagonists/mimetics, e.g. histamine receptor agonist is coded C14-L05.|
C14-L01|Current|(1994-    )|Agonist/mimetic general and other|||
C14-L01A|Current|(2005-    )|Enzyme agonist/mimetic|||
C14-L01A1|Current|(2007-    )|Oxidoreductase agonist|C14-L01A||
C14-L01A2|Current|(2007-    )|Transferase agonist|C14-L01A||
C14-L01A3|Current|(2007-    )|Hydrolase agonist|C14-L01A||
C14-L01A4|Current|(2007-    )|Lyase agonist|C14-L01A||
C14-L01A5|Current|(2007-    )|Isomerase agonist|C14-L01A||
C14-L01A6|Current|(2007-    )|Synthetase agonist|C14-L01A||
C14-L01B|Current|(2006-    )|Cannabinoid recpetor agonist|||
C14-L01C|Current|(2006-    )|PPAR agonist||Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist.|
C14-L01D|Current|(2007-    )|Nitric oxide agonist|C14-L01||
C14-L02|Current|(1994-    )|Angiotensin agonist/mimetic||N.B. Angiotensin antagonists/inhibitors are coded C14-F02B1.|
C14-L03|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin agonist/mimetic|||
C14-L04|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin, leukotriene, thromboxane agonist/mimetic|||
C14-L05|Current|(1994-    )|Histaminergic, histamine agonist/mimetic|||
C14-L06|Current|(1994-    )|Antagonist/inhibitor/antimetabolite general and other|C12-G01||
C14-L06B|Current|(2006-    )|Cannabinoid receptor antagonist|||
C14-L06C|Current|(2006-    )|PPAR antagonist||Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor antagonist.|
C14-L06D|Current|(2007-    )|Nitric oxide antagonist|C14-L06||
C14-L07|Current|(1994-    )|Interleukin antagonist/inhibitor|C12-G01||
C14-L08|Current|(1994-    )|Prostaglandin, leukotriene, thromboxane antagonist/inhibitor|C12-G01||
C14-L09|Current|(1994-    )|Histamine antagonist/inhibitor general and other|C12-D06||
C14-L10|Current|(1994-    )|H1 antagonist/inhibitor|C12-D06B||
C14-L11|Current|(1994-    )|H2 antagonist/inhibitor|C12-D06A||
C14-L12|Current|(2006-    )|Proton pump inhibitors|||
C14-M|Current||Antidotes|||
C14-M01|Current|(1994-    )|Antidote general and other||To be searched for treating chronic and habitual conditions: treating acute intoxication is searched under C14-M03.|
C14-M01A|Retired|(1994-2006)|Alcoholism treatment*|C12-J05A|*Code discontinued in section C as of 200701.|
C14-M01B|Retired|(1994-2006)|Antismoking*|C12-J05B|*Code discontinued in section C as of 200701.|
C14-M01C|Retired|(1994-2006)|Antidrug addiction*|C12-J05|*Code discontinued in section C as of 200701.|
C14-M01D|Current|(1994-    )|Antiheavy metal poisoning|C12-J05C||
C14-M01E|Current|(1994-    )|Pesticide/herbicide antidote|C12-J05D|Includes herbicide safeners prior to 2009.|
C14-M01F|Current|(1994-    )|Protecting plants from poisons|C12-J05E||
C14-M02|Current|(2006-    )|Agrochemical antidote general|||
C14-M02A|Current|(2006-    )|Chemoprotectant|||
C14-M02B|Current|(2006-    )|Radioprotectant|||
C14-M03|Current|(2016-    )|Recreational drug antidote general and unspecified||To be searched for treating acute intoxication: treating chronic conditions is searched under C14-M01.|
C14-M03A|Current|(2016-    )|Sobering agent for acute alcohol intoxication|||
C14-M03B|Current|(2016-    )|Antidote for acute recreational drug intoxication other than alcohol|||
C14-N|Current||Organs|||
C14-N01|Current|(1994-    )|Bone disorder treatment, osteoporosis|C12-J08||
C14-N01A|Current|(2005-    )|Osteoporosis|||
C14-N01B|Current|(2005-    )|Fracture/disorders of healing and osteogenesis|||
C14-N02|Current|(1994-    )|Ear disorder treatment|C12-L04||
C14-N02A|Current|(2008-    )|Balance related disorder and vestibular disorder|||
C14-N03|Current|(1994-    )|Eye disorder treatment general|C12-L04||
C14-N03A|Current|(2005-    )|Glaucoma|||
C14-N04|Current|(1994-    )|Nose disorder treatment|C12-L04||
C14-N05|Current|(1994-    )|Mouth/throat disorder treatment|C12-L04||
C14-N05A|Current|(2005-    )|Mouth disease||E.g. cold sores and xerostomia (chronic dry mouth).|
C14-N05B|Current|(2005-    )|Throat disease||Covers throat disorders, but excludes disorders of the esophagus.|
C14-N06|Current|(1994-    )|Dental general and other|C12-L03||
C14-N06A|Current|(1994-    )|Anticaries/antiplaque|C12-A01, C12-L03||
C14-N06B|Current|(1994-    )|Periodontal|C12-L03, C12-L04||
C14-N07|Current|(1994-    )|Urogenital/anorectal disease treatment general and other|C12-A05, C12-D07, C12-G03, C12-G04||
C14-N07A|Current|(1994-    )|Prostate|C12-G03, C12-G04||
C14-N07B|Current|(1994-    )|Cystitis|C12-D07||
C14-N07C|Current|(1994-    )|Venereal|C12-A05||
C14-N07D|Current|(1994-    )|Incontinence treatment|C12-G03||
C14-N08|Current|(1994-    )|Diuretic|C12-G03||
C14-N09|Current|(1994-    )|Antidiuretic|C12-G03||
C14-N10|Current|(1994-    )|Kidney|C12-G03||
C14-N11|Current|(1994-    )|Thyroid|C12-G06||
C14-N12|Current|(1994-    )|Liver|C12-G02||
C14-N13|Current|(1994-    )|Pancreas|C12-G02||
C14-N14|Current|(1994-    )|Uterus|C12-E09|Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea are covered here but labour inducing drugs are coded with abortifacients under C14-P01B.|
C14-N15|Current|(1994-    )|Spleen|C12-G02||
C14-N16|Current|(1994-    )|Brain and spinal cord|C12-C10, C12-E01|Including meningitis, encephalitis, stroke treatment.|
C14-N16A|Current|(2002-    )|Bovine spongiforme encephalopathy|||
C14-N16B|Current|(2002-    )|Creutzfeld jakob disease (CJD)|||
C14-N16C|Current|(2005-    )|Kuru (treatment of)|||
C14-N16D|Current|(2005-    )|Scrapie (treatment of)||A fatal degenerative disease affecting the CNS of sheep and goats.|
C14-N17|Current|(1994-    )|Skin treatment general and other|C12-A07|Fungal skin diseases are coded under C14-A04.|
C14-N17A|Current|(1994-    )|Burn|C12-A07||
C14-N17B|Current|(1994-    )|Wound other (physical trauma)|C12-A07||
C14-N17C|Current|(1994-    )|Psoriasis, dermatitis|C12-A07||
C14-N17D|Current|(1994-    )|Acne|C12-A07||
C14-N17E|Current|(2005-    )|Dandruff and seborrhea|||
C14-N17F|Current|(2005-    )|Anti-scarring|||
C14-N17G|Current|(2008-    )|Pruritis|||
C14-N18|Current|(2002-    )|Mammary gland||Including mastitis.|
C14-P|Current||Drugs acting on the reproductive system|||
C14-P01|Current|(1994-    )|Contraceptive general and other|C12-K03||
C14-P01A|Current|(1994-    )|Male, spermicide|C12-K03||
C14-P01B|Current|(1994-    )|Female, abortifacient, antiovulatory|C12-K03||
C14-P02|Current|(1994-    )|Infertility treatment|||
C14-P03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiabortive|C12-E09||
C14-P04|Current|(2006-    )|Sexual dysfunction||Sexual dysfunction general.|
C14-P04A|Current|(2006-    )|Male sexual dysfunction|||
C14-P04B|Current|(2006-    )|Female sexual dysfunction|||
C14-P05|Current|(2016-    )|Menopause/andropause and related symptoms||To be searched for general references to menopause or andropause where precise hormones affected are not specified. Also may be searched in conjunction with other C14 codes where a condition is specifically attributed to menopause or andropause in the original document e.g. hot flashes.|
C14-R|Current||Cosmetics|C12-L02||
C14-R01|Current|(1994-    )|Cosmetic general and other|C12-L02||
C14-R02|Current|(1994-    )|Hair Preparation||Includes formulations for fur|
C14-R03|Current|(1994-    )|Antiperspirant|C12-L01||
C14-R04|Current|(1994-    )|Perfume|C12-L07||
C14-R05|Current|(1994-    )|Sunscreen agent|C12-L08||
C14-S|Current||Miscellaneous activity terms|||
C14-S01|Current|(1994-    )|Multiple sclerosis treatment, demyelinating diseases|C12-E01||
C14-S02|Current|(1994-    )|Dwarfism treatment|C12-G04||
C14-S03|Current|(1994-    )|Gene therapy (general)|||
C14-S03A|Current|(2002-    )|Gene therapy|||
C14-S03B|Current|(2002-    )|Antisense therapy|||
C14-S03C|Current|(2005-    )|RNA interference|||
C14-S03D|Current|(2008-    )|shRNA Interference|||
C14-S04|Current|(1994-    )|Diabetes (general)|C12-H05|This code is used when a drug targets the symptoms and associated disorders. Hypoglycaemic is coded C14-F09.|
C14-S04A|Current|(2005-    )|Type II diabetes||Also known as adult onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes.|
C14-S05|Current|(1994-    )|Shock treatment general (excluding anaphylactic)|C12-A07|Anaphylactic shock is coded C14-G02B.|
C14-S06|Current|(1994-    )|Toxic (septic) shock|C12-A01, C12-A06||
C14-S07|Current|(1994-    )|Traumatic shock|C12-C10||
C14-S08|Current|(1994-    )|Antioxidant/free radical scavenger|||
C14-S09|Current|(1994-    )|Synergist|C12-C09||
C14-S11|Current|(1994-    )|Vaccine [general]|C02-V02||
C14-S11A|Current|(1994-    )|Antiviral vaccine|C02-V02||
C14-S11B|Current|(1994-    )|Other antimicrobial vaccine|C02-V02|For example antibacterial.|
C14-S11B1|Current|(2005-    )|Antibacterial vaccine|C02-V02||
C14-S11B2|Current|(2005-    )|Antiprotozoal vaccine|C02-V02||
C14-S11B3|Current|(2005-    )|Antiparasitic vaccine|C02-V02||
C14-S11C|Current|(1994-    )|Anticancer vaccine|C02-V02||
C14-S11D|Current|(2005-    )|Vaccine type|||
C14-S11D1|Current|(2005-    )|Whole-killed (inactive) vaccine|||
C14-S11D2|Current|(2005-    )|Live-attenuated (weakened) vaccine|||
C14-S11D3|Current|(2005-    )|Synthetic/genetically engineered vaccine|||
C14-S11E|Current|(2015-    )|Therapeutic vaccine other||Vaccine other than antimicrobial or anticancer e.g. immunocontraceptive or antiasthma vaccine. Unspecified vaccines should be searched under the general code C14-S11.|
C14-S12|Current|(1994-    )|Veterinary|C12-L09||
C14-S13|Current|(2005-    )|Metabolic disorders||Includes enzyme deficiencies and conditions arising from such.|
C14-S13A|Current|(2005-    )|Acidosis|||
C14-S14|Current|(2005-    )|Joint disorders general||Includes conditions affecting tendons and bursa.|
C14-S14A|Current|(2009-    )|Cartilage and connective tissue disorders|||
C14-S14B|Current|(2009-    )|Soft tissue disorders|||
C14-S15|Current|(2005-    )|Broad formulation code||Patent is concerned with the formulation type rather than the drugs contained in it.|
C14-S16|Current|(2005-    )|Many diseases treated (15 or over disclosed/claimed)||More than 15 diseases are said to be treated. Specific codes for the individual disease are still included.|
C14-S17|Current|(2005-    )|Agricultural activity|||
C14-S18|Current|(2006-    )|Drug combination||Used when specific combination of drugs are claimed.|
C14-S20|Current|(2006-    )|Genetic disorder|||
C14-S20A|Current|(2006-    )|Chromosomal abnormality disorder|||
C14-S20B|Current|(2015-    )|Fabry disease|||
C14-S20C|Current|(2015-    )|Hunter Syndrome|||
C14-S21|Current|(2006-    )|Cell therapy|||
C14-S22|Current|(2009-    )|Prophylaxis||Used only when a compound or formulation is solely for prophylaxis or prevention of a disorder. Apply only for veterinary patents in C|
C14-S23|Old|(2009-2009)|Chinese medicine||Applied to Chinese medicine documents when no specific Western-style diseases are mentioned as being treated i.e. when no other activity codes can be applied. Used to indicate that the Chinese medicine invention has pharmaceutical activity.|
C14-S23|Current|(2010-    )|Unspecified activity||Applied to documents when a pharmaceutical formulation/ substance with pharmaceutical activity is claimed, but no specific disorders are mentioned as being treated, I.e., when no other activity codes can be applied. E.g. disorders of ying and yang.|
C14-S25|Current|(2010-    )|Chemotheraphy|||
C14-S26|Current|(2010-    )|Radiotherapy|||
C14-S27|Old|(2010-2010)|Photon therapy||Includes treatment using high energy photons|
C14-S27|Current|(2011-    )|Electromagnetic therapy||Includes ultrasound as well as photo therapy using high energy photons. Also includes electrical stimulation|
C14-S28|Current|(2012-    )|Prodrugs|||
C14-T|Current|(1994-    )|Fertilizers/soil improving general||This code is also applied when three or more of C14-T01 to C14-T05 would be applicable.|
C14-T01|Current|(1994-    )|Soil improving (other then nutrients) synthetic growth media|C12-N08||
C14-T01A|Current|(2005-    )|Synthetic growth medium||Can be used in conjunction with other C14 codes for general agricultural activity.|
C14-T01B|Current|(2005-    )|Erosion inhibition of soil|||
C14-T01C|Current|(2005-    )|Frost protection of soil|||
C14-T01D|Current|(2005-    )|Nitrification inhibitor|||
C14-T02|Current|(1994-    )|Moisture conservation (mulches)|C12-P10||
C14-T03|Current|(1994-    )|Soil nutrients (inorganic)|C12-N09||
C14-T04|Current|(1994-    )|Soil nutrients (others)|C12-N10||
C14-T05|Current|(2005-    )|Trace element fertilisers|||
C14-U|Current||Plant growth regulants/proctectants|||
C14-U01|Current|(1994-    )|Plant growth regulants [general]|C12-P01||
C14-U01A|Current|(1994-    )|Defoliants, desiccants, chemical mowing|C12-P02||
C14-U01B|Current|(1994-    )|Fruit drops and set, thinning of fruit|C12-P03||
C14-U01C|Current|(1994-    )|Growth stimulants, sprouting and germination stimulants|||
C14-U01D|Current|(1994-    )|Rooting compounds (rhizogenes)|C12-P08||
C14-U01E|Current|(1994-    )|Sprouting inhibitors, seed germination inhibitors, growth inhibitors|C12-P09||
C14-U01F|Current|(2006-    )|Inducing flowering in plants|||
C14-U02|Current|(1994-    )|Soil fumigants, seed protectants and sterilants||Not for plant protectants post-2014, these should be searched according to the relevant pathogen(s) in C14.|
C14-U03|Current|(2006-    )|Conferring herbicide resistance to plants|||
C14-U04|Current|(2006-    )|Conferring pest resistance (e.g. fungi, insects) to plants||Conferring pest resistance (e.g. fungi, insects) to plants.|
C14-U05|Current|(2006-    )|Conferring stress tolerance (e.g. drought, heat) to plants||Conferring stress tolerance (e.g. drought, heat) to plants.|
C14-V|Old|(1965-2014)|Herbicides|||
C14-V|Current|(2015-    )|Herbicide (general)||Used only when the herbicide is not specified as being total or selective.|
C14-V00X|Current|(2013-    )|Combating resistant weeds||This code is applied in conjunction with one or more codes from section V.|
C14-V01|Current|(1994-    )|Herbicide (total)|||
C14-V02|Current|(1994-    )|Herbicide (selective)(general and others)|C12-P06|For a specific selective herbicide the code for the crop-type protected applies e.g. C14-V02B applies for selectively killing weeds in rice fields.|
C14-V02A|Current|(1994-    )|Herbicide (selective) for aromatic crops|C12-P06|Includes herbs.|
C14-V02B|Current|(1994-    )|Herbicide (selective) for cereal crop|C12-P06|Includes rice.|
C14-V02C|Current|(1994-    )|Herbicide (selective) for fruit crop|C12-P06||
C14-V02D|Current|(1994-    )|Herbicide (selective) for oil crop|C12-P06|Includes nuts, sunflower, rape.|
C14-V02E|Current|(1994-    )|Herbicide (selective) for ornamental crop|C12-P06||
C14-V02F|Current|(1994-    )|Herbicide (selective) for vegetable crop|C12-P06||
C14-V03|Old|(1994-2014)|Herbicides - post-emergence, pre-emergence [general]|C12-P07||
C14-V03|Current|(2015-    )|Post-emergence, pre-emergence for total herbicide||Used only when the herbicide is stated to be both post-and pre-emergent in action.|
C14-V03A|Current|(1994-    )|Post-emergence herbicides|C12-P06||
C14-V03B|Current|(1994-    )|Pre-emergence herbicides|C12-P06||
C14-V04|Current|(2009-    )|Herbicide safener|C14-M01E||
C14-W|Current|(1994-    )|Agricultural activities - industrial||Covers industrial applications of compounds/compositions e.g. biocides used in industrial cleaning compositions. This code applies in addition to any other property codes.|
C14-X|Current|(1994-    )|Agricultural activities - domestic||Covers domestic applications of compounds/compositions e.g. fungicides used decorative materials. This code applies in addition to any other property codes.|
C14-Y|Old|(2006-2011)|Green Chemistry||Used when processes/productions are kinder to the environment. Includes biodegradable|
C14-Y|Old|(2012-2012)|Green Chemistry|C14-Z|Used when processes/productions are kinder to the environment. |
C14-Y|Current|(2013-    )|GREEN TECHNOLOGY||Used when processes/productions are kinder to the environment. Also includes environmentally-friendly apparatus|
C14-Z|Current|(2012-    )|Green Formulation|C14-Y|Formulations which are stated to be environmentally friendly |
C15|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamins|||
C15-A00|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin A and carotenoids|||
C15-A00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin A and carotenoids|||
C15-B00|Current|(2011-    )|B vitamins general|||
C15-B00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified B vitamins general|||
C15-B01|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin B1 (thiamine)|||
C15-B01A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin B1 (thiamine)|||
C15-B02|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)|||
C15-B02A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin B2 (riboflavin)|||
C15-B06|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)|||
C15-B06A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)|||
C15-B12|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin B12 and cobalamine|||
C15-B12A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin B12 and cobalamine|||
C15-C00|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)|||
C15-C00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin C (ascorbic acid)|||
C15-D00|Current|(2011-    )|D vitamins general|||
C15-D00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified D vitamins general|||
C15-D01|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin D1|||
C15-D01A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin D1|||
C15-D02|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin D2|||
C15-D02A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin D2|||
C15-D03|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin D3|||
C15-D03A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin D3|||
C15-E00|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin E and tocopherols, tocotrienols|||
C15-E00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin E and tocopherols|||
C15-K00|Current|(2011-    )|K vitamins general|||
C15-K00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified K vitamins general|||
C15-K01|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin K1|||
C15-K01A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin K1|||
C15-K02|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin K2|||
C15-K02A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin K2|||
C15-K03|Current|(2016-    )|Vitamin K3|||
C15-K03A|Current|(2016-    )|Modified vitamin K3|||
C15-K04|Current|(2016-    )|Vitamin K4|||
C15-K04A|Current|(2016-    )|Modified vitamin K4|||
C15-K05|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin K5|||
C15-K05A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin K5|||
C15-K06|New|(2017-    )|Vitamin K6|||
C15-K06A|New|(2017-    )|Modified vitamin K6|||
C15-P00|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin P|||
C15-P00A|Current|(2011-    )|Modified vitamin P|||
C15-X|Current|(2011-    )|Provitamins|||
C15-Z|Current|(2011-    )|General or unspecified vitamins|||
D01|Current||Baking, edible doughs|||
D01-A|Current||Handling dough and baked articles [general and others]|||
D01-A01|Current|(1972-    )|Bakery ovens|||
D01-A02|Current|(1972-    )|Uncooked dough cutting, shaping, dispensing equipment|||
D01-A03|Current|(1972-    )|Equipment for transporting batter, dough, bakery products|||
D01-A04|Current|(1972-    )|Containers for dough, bakery products||Including raising boxes|
D01-A05|Current|(1972-    )|Equipment for mixing, rolling dough, batter kneading|||
D01-A06|Current|(1972-    )|Treatment of bakery products after cooking||e.g. cutting, filling|
D01-B|Current||Bakery products, flour, dough [general and others]|||
D01-B01|Current||Flour; sdditives for flour and dough||Including fats|
D01-B02|Current||Bakery products general||For bakery products containing meat also search D02-A03:|
D01-B02A|Current|(1986-    )|Bread||Including bread crumbs, fried bread and sandwiches. For the product to be considered as bread it must contain yeast as a leavening agent.|
D01-B02B|Current|(1986-    )|Cake||This must have a leavening agent other than yeast such as baking powder or have air or gas bubbles introduced mechanically such as by vigorous whisking (excluding rice cake)|
D01-B02C|Current|(1986-    )|Biscuits, crackers, "cookies", rice crackers, unleavened bread|||
D01-B02D|Current|(1986-    )|Pizza bases, pastry products, pastry cases||e.g. for meringues|
D01-B02E|Current|(1986-    )|Noodles, pasta, spaghetti, vermicelli, macaroni|||
D01-B02F|Current|(1986-    )|Batter products, pancakes, waffles, fried batter coatings, artificial chips from dough||For batter coatings D03-H01S is also searchable.|
D02|Current||Processing meat, poultry, fish|||
D02-A|Current||Processing meat or fish [general and others]|||
D02-A01|Current|(1971-    )|Processing whole meat, hams and poultry|||
D02-A02|Current|(1971-    )|Processing whole fish||e.g. degutting|
D02-A03|Current|(1971-    )|Meat, poultry or fish products, general||For bakery products containing meat also search D01-B02.|
D02-A03A|Current|(1986-    )|Fish paste, fish meal, fish flakes, fish roe (real or artificial) fish extracts||For fish extracts used as flavouring also search D03-H01C.|
D02-A03B|Current|(1986-    )|Minced meat, meat paste, chopped meat||Including chicken, turkey, lamb, beef, pork, etc. but excluding sausages|
D02-A03C|Current|(1986-    )|Sausages, processing meat for sausages but excluding skins|||
D02-A03D|Current|(1986-    )|Sausage skins and devices for filling skins|||
D02-A03E|Current|(1986-    )|Artificial meat, excluding sausages|||
D03|Current||Foodstuffs and treatment|||
D03-A|Current||Foodstuffs preservation [general and others]|||
D03-A01|Current||Meat or sausages preservation|||
D03-A02|Current||Fish, fish roe and seafod products preservation|||
D03-A03|Current||Eggs and products preservation||Including turtle eggs|
D03-A04|Current||Vegetables, fruit or mushrooms preservation|||
D03-A05|Current||Edible seeds preservation||e.g. cereals and nuts|
D03-B|Current||Milk and milk products [general and others]|||
D03-B01|Current|(1972-    )|Production of curds in milk|||
D03-B02|Current|(1972-    )|Separation of curds and whey|||
D03-B03|Current|(1972-    )|Moulding cheese|||
D03-B04|Current|(1972-    )|Additives for cheese|||
D03-B05|Current|(1972-    )|Transporting cheese and packing|||
D03-B06|Current|(1972-    )|Cheese (exc. moulding, additives, transporting and packing)||Including stillage, maturing and bean curd (tofu)|
D03-B07|Current|(1972-    )|Milk concentrates||e.g. powder|
D03-B08|Current|(1972-    )|Milk additives|||
D03-B09|Current|(1972-    )|Testing milk|||
D03-B10|Current|(1972-    )|Transporting milk; carriers for milk|||
D03-B11|Current|(1972-    )|Synthetic milk||Including bean milk|
D03-B12|Current|(1994-    )|Butter|D03-B|Excluding butter substitutes, see D03-C:|
D03-B13|Current|(1994-    )|Cream|D03-B|Includes artificial cream|Artificial cream
D03-B14|Current|(1994-    )|Yoghurt|D03-B||
D03-B15|Current|(2011-    )|Milk general|||
D03-C|Current||Butter substitutes, edible oils, fats [general]|||
D03-C01|Current|(1994-    )|Cooking and edible oils (liquid)|D03-C||
D03-C02|Current|(1994-    )|Margarine, spreads and cooking fats (solid)|D03-C||
D03-D|Current||Coffee, tea and substitutes [general]|||
D03-D01|Current|(1986-    )|Coffee general|||
D03-D01A|Current|(1986-    )|Coffee packaging||Including coffee bags|
D03-D01B|Current|(1986-    )|Coffee extraction||Including decaffeination, concentration, freeze drying and freeze dried coffee|
D03-D01C|Current|(1986-    )|Coffee grinding, cutting|||
D03-D01D|Current|(1986-    )|Coffee steaming, roasting, drying||Excludes extraction D03-D01B|
D03-D02|Current|(1986-    )|Tea general|||
D03-D02A|Current|(1986-    )|Tea packaging||Including tea bags|
D03-D02B|Current|(1986-    )|Tea extraction||Including decaffeination, concentration, freeze drying|
D03-D02C|Current|(1986-    )|Tea grinding, cutting|||
D03-D02D|Current|(1986-    )|Tea steaming, drying, fermenting roasting||Excludes extraction D03-D02B|
D03-D03|Current|(1986-    )|Artificial tea or coffee or beverages such as herbal tea||Excluding D03-D01: and D03-D02: search also D03-H01G|
D03-D03A|Current|(2011-    )|Artificial coffee|||
D03-D03B|Current|(2011-    )|Artificial tea|||
D03-E|Current||Cocoa and confectionery [general and others]|||
D03-E01|Current|(1972-    )|Transporting confectionery|||
D03-E02|Current|(1972-    )|Coating confectionery and ice cream|||
D03-E03|Current|(1972-    )|Shaping confectionery and ice cream|||
D03-E04|Current|(1972-    )|Packing confectionery and ice cream|||
D03-E05|Current|(1972-    )|Cooking and mixing ingredients for confectionery|||
D03-E06|Current|(1972-    )|Dispenser for confectionery||Including filling|
D03-E07|Current|(1972-    )|Chocolate and cocoa products|||
D03-E08|Current|(1972-    )|Ice cream and similar frozen products|||
D03-E09|Current|(1994-    )|Chewing gum|D03-E||
D03-E10|Current|(2002-    )|Candy general|||
D03-E10A|Current|(2002-    )|Hard candy|||
D03-E10A1|Current|(2002-    )|Chocolate|||
D03-E10A2|Current|(2002-    )|Non-chocolate|||
D03-E10B|Current|(2002-    )|Chewy candy|||
D03-E10B1|Current|(2002-    )|Chocolate|||
D03-E10B2|Current|(2002-    )|Non-chocolate|||
D03-F|Current||Proteins, phosphatides [general and others]|||
D03-F01|Current|(1972-    )|Protein recovery - from other sources|||
D03-F02|Current|(1972-    )|Protein recovery - from soya beans|||
D03-F03|Current|(1972-    )|Protein recovery - from micro-organisms|||
D03-F04|Current|(1972-    )|Protein recovery - from animal or fish waste|||
D03-F05|Current|(1972-    )|Shaping of protein (threads and films)|||
D03-F06|Current|(1972-    )|Protein compositions|||
D03-F07|Current|(1972-    )|Phosphatides|||
D03-G|Current||Animal feeds [general and others]|||
D03-G01|Current|(1971-    )|Animal feeds - fodder additives|||
D03-G02|Current|(1972-    )|Animal feeds from microorganisms||e.g. yeasts|
D03-G03|Current|(1972-    )|Animal feeds from animals||e.g. offal, excrement|
D03-G04|Current|(1972-    )|Animal feeds from plants||e.g. beet residues|
D03-G05|Current|(1972-    )|Animal feeds from fish; insects||e.g. stick water|
D03-G06|Current|(1972-    )|Special shape animal feeds||Including synthetic dog bones|
D03-H|Current||Foodstuffs, general and preservation [general]|||
D03-H01|Current||Foodstuffs; non-alcoholic beverages and preparations not provided for elsewhere, general|||
D03-H01A|Current|(1972-    )|Sweetening agents||Not additionally searchable under D03-H01T.|
D03-H01B|Current|(1972-    )|Chemical flavouring agents||See also D03-H01D|
D03-H01B1|Current|(2002-    )|Taste masking|||
D03-H01B2|Current|(2002-    )|Taste enhancing|||
D03-H01C|Current|(1972-    )|Natural flavouring agents||e.g. natural extracts (also D03-H01D)|Natural flavouring agents
D03-H01D|Current|(1972-    )|Flavouring agents of special form|||
D03-H01E|Current|(1972-    )|Food colourants|||
D03-H01E1|Current|(2007-    )|Natural food colorant|D03-H01E||
D03-H01E2|Current|(2007-    )|Synthetic food colorant|D03-H01E||
D03-H01F|Current|(1972-    )|Carbonated non-alcoholic beverages|||
D03-H01G|Current|(1972-    )|Non-alcoholic beverages||Except D03-H01F|
D03-H01G1|Current|(2011-    )|Fruit juices|||
D03-H01H|Current|(1972-    )|Fluid foods||e.g. sauces, soups, mayonnaise, emulsions except D03-H01F and D03-H01G.|
D03-H01J|Current|(1972-    )|Gelled food products, thickeners||From 2007, jam, marmalade and other conserves are coded under D03-H01V.|
D03-H01K|Current|(1972-    )|Foods with special shape||Except D03-H01J|
D03-H01L|Current|(1972-    )|Dehydrated or concentrated foods||Includes instant foods|
D03-H01M|Current|(1972-    )|Partially cooked foods||Except D03-H01L|
D03-H01N|Current|(1972-    )|Emulsifiers for food|||
D03-H01P|Current|(1972-    )|Antioxidants for food|||
D03-H01Q|Old|(1972-2012)|Chemical stabilisers for food, humectants||Except D03-H01P,N,R|
D03-H01Q|Current|(2013-    )|Stabilisers for food, humectants||Except D03-H01P,N,R.|
D03-H01R|Current|(1972-    )|Binders for food|||
D03-H01S|Current|(1972-    )|Coatings for food; coated food products||Except D03-H01R|Coated foods
D03-H01T|Current|(1972-    )|Low calorie, health and dietary foods, general||Except D03-H01A|
D03-H01T1|Current|(1994-    )|Dietary fibre (bran/roughage etc.)|D03-H01T||
D03-H01T2|Current|(1994-    )|Other health foods|D03-H01T||
D03-H01T2A|Current|(2006-    )|Probiotics/Prebiotics|||
D03-H01T2B|Current|(2006-    )|Others, not pro/prebiotics or vitamin preparations|||
D03-H01T2C|Current|(2011-    )|Vitamin preparations|||
D03-H01T3|Current|(1994-    )|Low calorie foods|D03-H01T||
D03-H01T3A|Current|(2005-    )|Low fat|||
D03-H01T3B|Current|(2005-    )|Low carbohydrate|||
D03-H01T4|Current|(2005-    )|High calorie foodstuff; energy boosters||For example energy bars|Energy boosters
D03-H01T5|Current|(2006-    )|Special dietry requirement foods e.g. Diabetic, gluten free||e.g. diabetic, gluten free.|
D03-H01U|Current|(2005-    )|Fried foodstuff|||
D03-H01V|Current|(2007-    )|Jam/marmalade/other conserve|D03-H01J||
D03-H02|Current||Preserving||e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, freezing, refrigeration, drying, freeze drying. For specific food, search under appropriate D01-A: to D03-H01: code only. For dehydrated food see also D03-H01L|
D03-H02A|Old|(1986-2012)|Preserving by freezing||Includes cooling and refrigeration|
D03-H02A|Current|(2013-    )|By freezing, cooling or refrigeration|||
D03-H02B|Current|(1986-    )|Preserving by heat sterilisation or drying|||
D03-H02B1|Current|(2011-    )|Preserving by heat sterilisation|||
D03-H02B2|Current|(2011-    )|Preserving by drying|||
D03-H02B2A|Current|(2011-    )|Preserving by drying with heat|||
D03-H02B2B|Current|(2011-    )|Preserving by drying without heat|||
D03-H02C|Current|(1986-    )|Preserving by irradiation|||
D03-H02D|Current|(1986-    )|Preserving by adding salt or acid (pickling) or sugar|||
D03-H02E|Current|(1986-    )|Preserving by other additives||Except antioxidants - see D03-H01P|
D03-H02F|Current|(1986-    )|Preserving by sterile packaging||e.g. canning or sealed bags. (Search also D03-K and other D03-H02: codes if applicable e.g. for heat sterilisation with canning, search D03-H02F and D03-H02B.)|
D03-J|Current||Foodstuff machinery for [general and others]||Includes topping and tailing, coring and pulping|
D03-J01|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for treating grain|||
D03-J02|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for treating nuts||Including peanuts and coffee beans|
D03-J03|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for removing stones and pips from fruit|||
D03-J04|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for peeling fruit||Including pumpkins, melons, marrows and zucchini (courgettes)|
D03-J05|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for washing fruit||Including pumpkins, melons, marrows and zucchini (courgettes)|
D03-J06|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for cutting or crushing fruit||Including pumpkins, melons, marrows and zucchini (courgettes)|
D03-J07|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for peeling vegetables||Including peas, beans, mushrooms and cauliflowers|
D03-J08|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for washing vegetables||Including peas, beans, mushrooms and cauliflowers|
D03-J09|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for cutting or crushing vegetables||Including topping and tailing, coring and pulping; e.g of peas, beans, mushrooms and cauliflowers|
D03-J10|Current|(1972-    )|Machinery for preparation of animal feeds|||
D03-J11|Current|(2005-    )|Popcorn making|||
D03-K|Current||Shaping or working of foodstuffs [general and others]|||
D03-K01|Current|(1972-    )|Cooking and baking general, ovens||Includes roasting|
D03-K01A|Current|(2013-    )|Microwave|||
D03-K01B|Current|(2013-    )|Fryer|||
D03-K01C|Current|(2013-    )|Grill|||
D03-K02|Current|(1972-    )|Grading devices for food|||
D03-K03|Current|(1972-    )|Testing and monitoring liquid food|||
D03-K04|Current|(1972-    )|Testing and monitoring solid food|||
D03-K05|Current|(1972-    )|Cutting devices for food|||
D03-K06|Current|(1972-    )|Moulding of food||e.g. extrusion|
D03-K07|Current|(1972-    )|Mixing or stirring food|||Stirrer
D03-K08|Current|(1972-    )|Transporting, packing and storage devices for food||e.g. containers|
D03-K08A|Current|(2011-    )|Green packaging|||
D03-K08B|Current|(2014-    )|Food packaging materials||Novel food packaging materials.|
D03-K09|Current|(1972-    )|Devices for concentrating or drying food|||
D03-K10|Current|(2005-    )|Dispenser for foodstuff|||
D03-K11|Current|(2005-    )|Labelling system for foodstuff|||
D03-K12|Current|(2005-    )|Defrosting foodstuff|||
D03-K13|Current|(2011-    )|Green food technology|||
D03-K14|Current|(2014-    )|Food cooling device||Device or system for cooling the interior of a food processing machine; a food cooling system|
D03-L|Current|(1994-    )|Rice and products|D03-H01|Excluding D01-B02C|
D03-M|Current|(1994-    )|Egg and products|D03-H01||
D03-N|Current|(2005-    )|Vegetable products||Not to be used in conjunction with D03-A and/or D03-J|
D03-P|Current|(2005-    )|Fruit products||Not to be used in conjunction with D03-A and/or D03-J|
D03-Q|Current|(2005-    )|Nut and edible seed products||Not to be used in conjunction with D03-A and/or D03-J|
D03-R|Current|(2005-    )|Cereal products||Not to be used in conjunction with D03-A and/or D03-J|
D03-S|Current|(2007-    )|Baby food only||Used in conjunction with other codes in section D e.g. D03-H01L, D03-B07 etc.|
D04|Current||Treating water, waste water and sewage|||
D04-A|Current||Treatment of water [process general]||see also D04-B: for impurities removed|
D04-A01|Current||Purification of water [general]|||
D04-A01A|Current|(1972-    )|Purification of water by distillation|||
D04-A01B|Current|(1972-    )|Purification of water by precipitation, sedimentation, flocculation||See D04-B09|
D04-A01C|Current|(1972-    )|Purification of water by freezing, crystallisation|||
D04-A01D|Current|(1972-    )|Purification of water using membranes for reverse osmosis|||
D04-A01E|Current|(1972-    )|Purification of water - apparatus for reverse osmosis, membrane filtration and ultra-filtration|||
D04-A01F|Current|(1972-    )|Purification of water by other filtration processes, adsorption, active C|||
D04-A01F1|Current|(2005-    )|Other filtration process|||
D04-A01F2|Current|(2005-    )|Active C treatment|||
D04-A01F3|Current|(2005-    )|Other adsorption processes|||
D04-A01G|Current|(1972-    )|Purification of water by ion exchange|||
D04-A01H|Current|(1972-    )|Measuring purity of water|||
D04-A01J|Current|(1986-    )|Purification of water by biological process||e.g. sewage treatment. Not used when D04-B10: codes are applied|
D04-A01K|Current|(1986-    )|Purification of water by oxidation/aeration|D04-B08||
D04-A01K1|Current|(2005-    )|Oxidation with ozone|||
D04-A01K2|Current|(2005-    )|Oxidation/aeration with other|||
D04-A01L|Current|(1986-    )|Purification of water by flotation|D04-B09||
D04-A01M|Current|(1986-    )|Purification of water by electrochemical process|||
D04-A01N|Current|(1986-    )|Purification of water by extraction|||
D04-A01P|Current|(1986-    )|Purification of water by other method|||
D04-A01P1|Current|(2005-    )|Chemical method||Includes adding polymers|
D04-A01P2|Current|(2005-    )|Physical method|||
D04-A01P2A|Current|(2011-    )|By irradiation|||
D04-A01Q|Current|(1994-    )|Magnetic water treatment|D04-A01P||
D04-A02|Current|(1972-    )|Sterilisation of water|||
D04-A03|Current|(1972-    )|Scale prevention, deoxygenation and anti-corrosion general|||
D04-A03A|Current|(1986-    )|Scale prevention|||
D04-A03B|Current|(1986-    )|Deoxygenation and degassification of water|||
D04-A03C|Current|(1986-    )|Anti-corrosion|||
D04-A04|Current||Physiological amelioration of potable water by specific additives|||
D04-A05|Current|(1994-    )|Containment of waste to prevent contamination of water||e.g. (i) preventing herbicides from reaching water, (ii) enclosing waste in another material|
D04-A06|Current|(2007-    )|Apparatus for recycling waste water|||
D04-B|Current||Impurity removal from water [general]||Prior to 198601 these codes are applied only to the removal of impurities from waste water, after 198601 they are applied to domestic or industrial waste water or natural water. Also search D04-A: for method of removal.|
D04-B01|Retired|(1971-1976)|Removal of sewage from water*||*Code retired, searched under D04-B10 as of 199701.|
D04-B02|Retired|(1972-1976)|Removal of aqueous industrial effluent, oil pollution from water*||*Code retired, applied 1972-1976 and then subdivided.|
D04-B03|Current|(1977-    )|Removal of mineral oil, hydrocarbons, coal slurry from water|||
D04-B04|Current|(1977-    )|Removal of natural products from water||Including protein, starch, animal and vegetable fats and oils, natural animal, plant and fish material from power station inflow|
D04-B05|Current|(1977-    )|Removal of metals from water||Including metal compounds, excluding alkali(ne earth) metal compounds.|
D04-B05A|Current|(2005-    )|Removal of heavy metals||Used for where the patent vaguely mentions removal of Heavy metals or removal of 2nd, 3rd row transition metals, Lanthanides or Actinides|
D04-B05B|Current|(2005-    )|Removal of other metals|||
D04-B06|Current|(1977-    )|Removal of specific organic materials [general] from water|||
D04-B06A|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of phenolic compounds from water|||
D04-B06B|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of organic dyes, optical brighteners from water|||
D04-B06C|Current||Removal of surfactants from water**|||
D04-B06D|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of polymers and polymer monomers from water|||
D04-B06E|Current|(1994-    )|Removing halohydrocarbons from water|D04-B06||
D04-B07|Current|(1977-    )|Removal of specific inorganic materials and radioactive materials [general] from water|||
D04-B07A|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of inorganic cyanides or (thio)cyanates from water|||
D04-B07B|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of inorganic phosphorus compounds from water|||
D04-B07C|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of inorganic nitrogen compounds from water||Excluding urea and cyanides but including nitrates, ammonia and inorganic carbamates|
D04-B07D|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of inorganic sulphur compounds from water|||
D04-B07E|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of inorganic fluorine compound from water|||
D04-B07F|Current|(1986-    )|Desalination of brine or sea water|||
D04-B07G|Current|(2012-    )|Demineralisation of water||Minerals are removed from water|Demineralisation
D04-B08|Retired|(1977-1985)|Oxidation/aeration of waste water*||*Code retired, searched under D04-A01K as of 198601.|
D04-B09|Retired|(1977-1985)|Sedimentation, addition of flocculants to waste water, flotation*||*Code retired, searched under D04-A01B or D04-A01L as of 198601.|
D04-B10|Current|(1977-    )|Removal of sewage sludge from water||Separation, solidification of sludge, treatment of sludge general|
D04-B10A|Current|(1986-    )|Dewatering sludge|||
D04-B10B|Current|(1986-    )|Pyrolysis of sludge||Excluding D04-B10A|
D04-B11|Retired|(1977-1985)|General sewage treatment*||*Code retired, searched under D04-A: as of 198601.|
D04-C|Current||Gas impregnated water (e.g. with carbon dioxide) [general]|||
D04-D|Current|(2013-    )|Environmentally-friendly water processing|||
D05|Current||Fermentation industry|||
D05-A|Current||Industrial fermentation processes [general]|||
D05-A01|Current|(1977-    )|Industrial fermentation - enzyme bound to carrier [general]|||
D05-A01A|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - carrier [general]|||
D05-A01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - polysaccharide carrier|||
D05-A01A2|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - polymer carrier|||
D05-A01A3|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - non-polymeric organic compound carrier|||
D05-A01A4|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - natural material carrier [other than polysaccharide]|||
D05-A01A5|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - inorganic material carrier|||
D05-A01B|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - fixed enzyme [general]|||
D05-A01B1|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - oxidoreductase fixed enzyme|||
D05-A01B2|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - transferase fixed enzyme|||
D05-A01B3|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - hydrolase fixed enzyme|||
D05-A01B4|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - lyase fixed enzyme|||
D05-A01B5|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - isomerase fixed enzyme|||
D05-A01B6|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - ligase (synthetase) fixed enzyme|||
D05-A01C|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation process [general]|||
D05-A01C1|Current|(1986-    )|Fermentation apparatus using fixed enzyme|||
D05-A01C2|Current|(1986-    )|General methods of binding fermentation enzymes to carriers||D05-A01C: codes are only applied if the scope of both the enzyme and the carrier are broad. Only the inventive feature is searchable. For example if a hydrolase is bound to any carrier, then only the code D05-A01B3 is searchable not D05-A01A.|
D05-A02|Current|(1977-    )|Other enzyme process (non-fixed) general|||
D05-A02A|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - oxidoreductase non-fixed enzyme|||
D05-A02B|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - transferase non-fixed enzyme|||
D05-A02C|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - hydrolase non-fixed enzyme|||
D05-A02D|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - lyase non-fixed enzyme|||
D05-A02E|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - isomerase non-fixed enzyme|||
D05-A02F|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial fermentation - ligase (synthetase) non-fixed enzyme|||
D05-A03|Current|(1977-    )|Fermentation apparatus [general]||Excluding organic waste fermentation|
D05-A03A|Current|(1986-    )|Carriers for Microorganisms, Microorganisms bound to carriers||Includes both devices and methods specifically using immobilised microorganisms. |
D05-A03B|Current|(1986-    )|Automated fermentation vessels||Excluding sewage treatment|
D05-A03C|Current|(1986-    )|Mixing devices for fermentation vessels, aeration of the medium||Excluding sewage treatment. The recovery of microorganisms from the medium and preparation of the medium (e.g. comminuting waste for fermentation) is searched under D05-A04. Recovery of products is searched under D05-C.|
D05-A04|Current|(1977-    )|Other fermentation processes general|||
D05-A04A|Current|(1986-    )|Organic waste, town waste or sludge fermentation|||
D05-A04B|Current|(1986-    )|Culture media and their preparation for industrial fermentation, comminuting||Aeration and mixing devices for media during fermentation - see D05-A03C|
D05-A04C|Current|(1986-    )|Cultivation of mushrooms, shiitake, Basidiomycetes etc||Includes both apparatus and methods used in any aspect of mushroom cultivation.|
D05-A04D|Old|(2007-2013)|Fermented foods|D03-H01||
D05-A04D|Current|(2014-    )|Fermented Foods and Fermented Non-Alcoholic Drinks||Includes both apparatus and methods used in any aspect of fermented foods and fermented non-alcoholic drinks|
D05-B|Current||Brewing, ethanolic fermentation [general and others]|||
D05-B01|Current|(2010-    )|Malting grain and Mash Processing||Includes both apparatus and methods used in malting grain and mash processing|
D05-B01A|Current|(2010-    )|Malting grains||Malting involves soaking grains, allowing them to germinate, and then drying. Includes barley steeping device for malt.|
D05-B01B|Current|(2010-    )|Mash processing or preparation||Includes devices used for mash preparation.|
D05-B02|Current|(1986-    )|Brewing beer, fermentation to give beer-type drinks, low-calorie beer||For low calorie beer also search D03-H01T|
D05-B03|Current|(1986-    )|Fermentation to give ethanol as the main product|||
D05-B03A|Current|(2014-    )|Fermentation device/process to give substituted ethanol as main product.||Includes all substituted ethanols e.g. fluorophenylethanol|
D05-B04|Old|(1986-2013)|Fermentation to give yeast as the main desired product||e.g. for brewing, baking or as animal feed|
D05-B04|Current|(2014-    )|Fermentation yeast||Includes yeast blocks, fermentation to give yeast as the main desired product, use of yeast in brewing, baking, or animal feeds|
D05-C|Current||Chemicals by fermentation (biosynthesis) [others; general.]||This section is not additionally searched under D05-A03: or D05-A04: Polypeptides and proteins (including enzymes) which are produced by genetically engineered microorganisms are searched under D05-C and under D05-H17. Polypeptides and proteins (including enzymes) which are produced by engineered cell lines (i.e. not by microorganisms and so not defined as fermentation) are only searched under D05-H17. (Excluding ethanol)|
D05-C01|Old|(1971-2012)|Amino acids by fermentation|||
D05-C01|Current|(2013-    )|AMINO ACIDS||Also includes subsititutions such as 4-oxoproline|
D05-C02|Current|(1971-    )|Antibiotics by fermentation|||
D05-C03|Current|(1971-    )|Enzymes by fermentation|||
D05-C03A|Current|(1986-    )|Coenzymes by fermentation|||
D05-C03B|Current|(1986-    )|Oxidoreductases by fermentation|||
D05-C03C|Current|(1986-    )|Hydrolases by fermentation|||
D05-C03D|Current|(1986-    )|Transferases by fermentation|||
D05-C03E|Current|(1986-    )|Lyases by fermentation|||
D05-C03F|Current|(1986-    )|Isomerases by fermentation|||
D05-C03G|Current|(1986-    )|Ligases (synthetases) by fermentation|||
D05-C04|Current|(1971-    )|Steroids by fermentation|||
D05-C05|Current|(1972-    )|Nucleotides by fermentation|||
D05-C06|Current|(1972-    )|Nucleosides by fermentation|||
D05-C07|Current|(1972-    )|Nucleic acids by fermentation|||
D05-C08|Old|(1972-2012)|Sugars by fermentation||Including polysaccharides|
D05-C08|Current|(2013-    )|Sugars||Including polysaccharides, sugar amines and sugar acids. Also all syrups.|
D05-C09|Old|(1972-2012)|Aliphatic acids by fermentation||Except any of the above|
D05-C09|Current|(2013-    )|Aliphatic Acids||Excepting any acids covered under higher codes. May be substituted but the acid functionality must be retained. Also includes fatty acids.|
D05-C10|Current|(1972-    )|Vitamins by fermentation|||
D05-C11|Current|(1986-    )|Polypeptides by fermentation|||
D05-C12|Current|(1986-    )|Specific proteins by fermentation [excluding enzymes]|||
D05-C13|Current|(1986-    )|Biomass and non-specific proteins, yeast proteins (not yeast itself) by fermentation|||
D05-C14|Current|(1986-    )|Methane by fermentation|||
D05-C15|Old|(1986-2012)|Unsubstituted aliphatic alcohols by fermentation [excluding ethanol]|||
D05-C15|Current|(2013-    )|UNSUBSTITUTED ALCOHOLS EXCLUDING ETHANOL||For aromatic, cyclic or aliphatic alcohols and may include diols and triols (e.g. ethylene glycol, propanetriol). Sugar alcohols coded as D05-C17|
D05-C16|Current|(2009-    )|Di- or tripeptides||e.g. glutathione|
D05-C17|Current|(2010-    )|Sugar alcohols|||
D05-C18|Current|(2010-    )|Pigments|||
D05-C19|Current|(2014-    )|LIPIDS||Includes all lipids including glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingosine, cephalin, ceramide, oils and its derivatives|
D05-C20|Current|(2014-    )|HYDROGEN|||
D05-C21|Current|(2015-    )|Polymers||Production of all polymers, excepting polypeptides and polysaccharides.|
D05-C22|Current|(2016-    )|Flavones or flavanoids|||
D05-C23|Current|(2016-    )|Other acids||Including sulfur and phosphorus acids, but excepting amino acids (search under D05-C01), nucleic acids (search under D05-C07), sugar acids (search under D05-C08) and aliphatic and fatty acids (search under D05-C09). This code is applied for acids with non-aliphatic portions such as phenyllactic acid.|
D05-D|Current||Distillation and rectification of fermented solutions, by-product recovery, denaturing of alcohol|||
D05-E|Current|(1970-    )|Wine, alcoholic beverages||Includes apparatus and methods for production|
D05-F|Current||Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, clarification, ageing alcoholic beverages|||
D05-G|Current|(1970-    )|Vinegar||Includes apparatus and methods for production|
D05-H|Current||Microbiology, laboratory procedures [general and others]|||
D05-H01|Current|(1972-    )|Culture media|||
D05-H02|Current|(1972-    )|Culture apparatus|||
D05-H03|Current|(1972-    )|Formation of microbial mutants|||
D05-H03A|Current|(1986-    )|Formation of microbial mutants by random method-chemically or by irradiation|||
D05-H03B|Retired|(1986-1993)|Formation of microbial mutants by recombinant DNA technology*||*Code retired. From 1994, microbial mutants (and non-microbial mutants) obtained by recombinant DNA techniques are searched under D05-H14. New methods of forming microbial and non-microbial mutants are searched under D05-H18.|
D05-H04|Current|(1972-    )|Newly discovered, testing of, isolation of, identification of and detection of bacteria||May be used in combination with D05-H18B code. Recombinant bacteria are searched under D05-H14A.|
D05-H05|Current|(1972-    )|Newly discovered, testing of, isolation of, identification of and detection of fungi||May be used in combination with D05- H18B code. Recombinant Fungi are searched under D05-H14A2.|
D05-H06|Current|(1972-    )|Newly discovered, testing of, isolation of, identification of and detection of viruses and other|||
D05-H06A|Current|(2002-    )|Newly discovered, testing of, isolation of, identification of and detection of viruses||May be used in combination with D05-H18B code. Recombinant Viruses are searched under D05-H12F.|
D05-H06B|Current|(2002-    )|Newly discovered, testing of, isolation of, identification of and detection of Prions|||
D05-H07|Current|(1972-    )|Production of vaccines, antigens|||
D05-H08|Current|(1972-    )|Cell or tissue culture general or unspecified||Search when the culture is not specified or when both of the sub-codes are applicable.|
D05-H08A|Current|(2016-    )|Microorganism Culture||Includes microbes.|
D05-H08B|Current|(2016-    )|Animal/plant cells culture||Plant and animal cells.|
D05-H09|Current|(1986-    )|Testing and detection [exc. bacteria, fungi, viruses]||May be used in combination with D05-H18B.|
D05-H10|Current|(1986-    )|Fixing biological substances or cells to a carrier and the carriers themselves||Excludes microorganisms and enzymes. Microorganisms and enzymes bound to carriers are searched under D05-A codes.|
D05-H11|Current|(1986-    )|Antibodies||Restricted to Monoclonal Antibodies only prior to 1994.|
D05-H11A|Current|(1994-    )|Monoclonal antibodies|D05-H11||
D05-H11A1|Current|(1994-    )|Monoclonal antibodies prepared by hybridoma techniques|D05-H11||
D05-H11A2|Current|(1994-    )|Monoclonal antibodies prepared by recombinant DNA techniques|D05-H11|Includes CDR-grafted, humanised and chimeric antibodies; antibodies produced in transgenic animals and antibodies or fragments thereof fused to physiologically active polypeptides such as enzymes or toxins. The production of engineered antibodies and fusion proteins comprising an antibody or antibody fragment is searched under D05-H17A1, D05-H17B1 or D05-H17C1 codes.|
D05-H11B|Current|(1994-    )|Polyclonal antibodies|||
D05-H11C|Current|(2005-    )|Abzyme||A catalytic antibody.|
D05-H12|Current|(1986-    )|DNA, CDNA, transfer vectors, RNA|||
D05-H12A|Current|(1994-    )|Wild-type coding sequences|D05-H12|Includes new genes and gene fragments. Wild-type (or native) coding sequences code for the normal, functional version of a protein. Wild-type coding sequences that are fused to other sequences are searched under D05-H12A if they encode the major expression product, after any post-translational processing, e.g. after cleavage from a signal peptide.|
D05-H12B|Current|(1994-    )|Mutant sequences|D05-H12|Sequences which encode variant proteins (muteins) and truncated proteins, whether functional or not. Mutant coding sequences which are fused to other sequences are searched under D05-H12B if they encode the major expression product after any post-translational processing.|
D05-H12B1|Current|(1994-    )|Naturally occurring mutant sequences|D05-H12|e.g. mutant allele, polymorphism.|
D05-H12B2|Current|(1994-    )|Engineered mutant sequences|D05-H12||
D05-H12C|Current|(1994-    )|Fusion genes, transgenes|D05-H12|Includes all fusion genes, transgenes, chimeric or hybrid genes coding for proteins in which all the fused regions are present in the functional translation product. Excludes constructs in which a coding sequence (wild-type or mutant) is fused to e.g. a secretion signal or protease cleavage site such that the major protein product following any post-translational processing is not the intact fusion protein. In these cases, the code D05-H12A or D05-H12B is applied, as appropriate.|
D05-H12D|Current|(1994-    )|DNA, CDNA, RNA non-coding sequences|D05-H12||
D05-H12D1|Current|(1994-    )|Primers, probes|D05-H12||
D05-H12D10|Retired|(2006-2015)|Aptamer*||*Code retired and all instances in the backfile corrected to D05-H12D6A.|
D05-H12D2|Current|(1994-    )|Antisense sequences/constructs|D05-H12||
D05-H12D3|Current|(1994-    )|Triple-helix forming oligonucleotides|D05-H12||
D05-H12D4|Current|(1994-    )|Ribozyme|D05-H12||
D05-H12D5|Current|(1994-    )|Transcription/translation regulation sequences|D05-H12|Includes new or modified enhancers, promoters and upstream activating sequences.|
D05-H12D6|Current|(1994-    )|Other specified non-coding sequences|D05-H12||
D05-H12D6A|Current|(2006-    )|Aptamer|||
D05-H12D7|Current|(2005-    )|DNAzyme||Catalytic DNA sequence.|
D05-H12D8|Current|(2005-    )|Short interfering RNA or micro RNA general|||
D05-H12D8A|Current|(2005-    )|Sirna||Double-stranded short RNA molecules which bind RNAs and target them for degradation and/or destruction|
D05-H12D8B|Current|(2005-    )|Mirna||Single-stranded RNA molecules which that are processed from larger stem- looped precusors by Dicer.|
D05-H12D8C|Current|(2006-    )|Small hairpin RNA|||
D05-H12D9|Current|(2005-    )|PNA||Peptide nucleic acids.|
D05-H12E|Current|(1994-    )|Vectors|D05-H12|Includes viral vectors (e.g. Baculovirus vectors, phagemids), plasmid vectors, cosmids and transposons.|
D05-H12F|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant viruses [excluding viral vectors]|D05-H03B|Includes recombinant viruses other than those used as vectors, e.g. viruses which have been attenuated for use in vaccines. Naturally occuring viral strains are searched under D05-H06.|
D05-H12G|Current|(2009-    )|Reporter/marker nucleic acid|||
D05-H13|Current|(1986-    )|Recovery of biological substances and materials, ultra-filtration|||
D05-H14|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant cells||Host cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) transformed by a recombinant DNA vector.|
D05-H14A|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant microbial cells (unspecified)|D05-H03B||
D05-H14A1|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant bacteria|D05-H03B||
D05-H14A2|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant fungi (including yeast)|D05-H03B||
D05-H14A3|Current|(1994-    )|Other recombinant microorganisms (e.g. protozoa)|D05-H03B||
D05-H14B|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant cell lines (unspecified)|||
D05-H14B1|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant insect cells|||
D05-H14B2|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant mammalian cells||Excludes antibody-producing cells and hybridomas. Such cells are searched under D05-H15.|
D05-H14B3|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant plant cells|||
D05-H14B4|Current|(1994-    )|Other specified recombinant cell lines|||
D05-H15|Retired|(1994-2014)|Antibody-producing cells, hybridomas*||*Code retired, subdivided and searched under D05-H15A as of 200501.|
D05-H15A|Current|(2005-    )|Antibody producing cells/hybridoma||A cell line for producing monoclonal antibodies; produced by fusing antibody-secreting B cells with lymphocyte tumor cells.|
D05-H15B|Current|(2005-    )|Other chimeric/fused cells||Cell lines comprising or formed from components derived from 2 separate cell types, and excluding antibody producing hybridomas.|
D05-H16|Current|(1994-    )|Transgenic organisms|||
D05-H16A|Current|(1994-    )|Transgenic animal|||
D05-H16B|Current|(1994-    )|Transgenic plant||Includes plants cultured from cells which are manipulated by genetic engineering techniques.|
D05-H16C|Current|(2005-    )|Transomatic animal||An animal which has gene(s) from another cell or organism stably incorporated into some but not all cells.|
D05-H16D|Current|(2005-    )|Transomatic plant|||
D05-H17|Current|(1994-    )|Recombinant protein/polypeptide production||Production of polypeptides and proteins by recombinant DNA techniques is searched under D05-H17. Includes production of heterologous proteins in a genetically engineered host or transgenic organism, enhanced production of host proteins and production of genetically engineered antibodies. If the host is microbial, e.g. a bacterium or fungus, D05-H17 codes are applied in addition to the appropriate D05-C codes.|
D05-H17A|Current|(1994-    )|Wild type protein/polypeptide production||Includes production of wild-type proteins with more than one subunit except where these are expressed as a fusion protein.|
D05-H17A1|Current|(1994-    )|Production of engineered wild-type antibodies|||
D05-H17A2|Current|(1994-    )|Production of wild-type cytokine, lymphokine, growth factor, hormone|||
D05-H17A3|Current|(1994-    )|Production of wild-type enzyme|||
D05-H17A4|Current|(1994-    )|Production of wild-type receptor|||
D05-H17A5|Current|(1994-    )|Production of wild-type antigen|||
D05-H17A6|Current|(1994-    )|Production of other specified wild-type protein|||
D05-H17A7|Current|(2005-    )|Recombinant zinc finger protein||A protein which contains (or is capable of binding) zinc ions through cysteine residue (or a combination of cysteine and histidine residues). Zinc fingers function in helping some proteins that bind to DNA recognize that DNA.|
D05-H17B|Current|(1994-    )|Mutant protein/polypeptide production||Includes production of mutant proteins comprising more than one subunit and production of proteins in which different subunits are derived from different sources, except where these are expressed as a fusion protein.|
D05-H17B1|Current|(1994-    )|Production of engineered mutant antibodies|||
D05-H17B2|Current|(1994-    )|Production of mutant cytokine, lymphokine, growth factor, peptide hormone|||
D05-H17B3|Current|(1994-    )|Production of mutant enzyme|||
D05-H17B4|Current|(1994-    )|Production of mutant receptor|||
D05-H17B5|Current|(1994-    )|Production of mutant antigen|||
D05-H17B6|Current|(1994-    )|Production of other specified mutant protein|||
D05-H17B7|Current|(2005-    )|Modified recombinant zinc finger protein|||
D05-H17C|Current|(1994-    )|Fusion protein/polypeptide production||Includes fusion proteins where the fused translation product remains intact as the functional (or multifunctional) protein, e.g. a cell-binding region fused to a catalytic region, a membrane-anchoring sequence fused to an antigenic region, etc. Excludes fusion proteins which undergo post-translational processing to produce separate protein entities. In these cases, the major cleavage product is coded in D05-H17A or D05-H17B, as appropriate.|
D05-H17C1|Current|(1994-    )|Production of fusion protein comprising an antibody or antibody fragments|||
D05-H18|Current|(1994-    )|Genetic engineering techniques, new methods||Includes transfection techniques|
D05-H18A|Current|(1994-    )|DNA sequencing method|||
D05-H18B|Current|(1994-    )|DNA amplification method||Includes modifications of the Polymerase Chain Reaction, the Ligase Chain Reaction, etc. Detection methods coded in D05-H04, D05-H05, D05-H06 or D05-H09 which rely on DNA amplification, e.g. for detection of specific microbial strains or specific polymorphisms, are additionally searched under D05-H18B.|
D05-H19|Current|(1994-    )|Biological materials for use in genetic engineering (general)|||
D05-H19A|Current|(1994-    )|Newly discovered restriction endonucleases and methylases|||
D05-H19B|Current|(1994-    )|New or modified DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases||Includes reverse transcriptase.|
D05-H19C|Current|(2015-    )|CRISPR system||Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (includes claimed CRISPR enzymes e.g. Cas). This code covers either or both of the nucleic acid and enzyme involved in the CRISPR system.|
D05-H20|Old|(2007-2015)|Electroporation devices|D05-H18||
D05-H20|Current|(2016-    )|Electroporation||Includes both apparatus and methods used for electroporation.|
D05-H99|New|(2017-    )|Patent with Geneseq record||For patents in D16 with associated Geneseq record.|
D05-J|Current||Brewing devices [general]||Including pitching, machines, and cellular tools|
D06|Current||Sugar and starch industry|||
D06-A|Current||Processing raw materials in sugar and starch industry||Including cutting mills, shredding knives, pulp presses|
D06-B|Current||Treatment of sugar juices|||
D06-C|Old|(1970-2013)|Processing raw sugar||Including centrifuging, sugar crystals, testing sugar solution|
D06-C|Current|(2014-    )|Processing raw sugar||Includes centrifuging, sugar crystals, testing sugar solutions, purification|
D06-D|Current||Evaporation apparatus; boiling pans; drying sugar|||
D06-E|Current||Cutting, sorting and packing of sugar, sugar lumps|||
D06-F|Current||Extraction of sugar from molasses|||
D06-G|Current||Other sugars|||
D06-H|Current||Polysaccharides general|||
D06-H01|Current|(1986-    )|Starch and derivatives, dextran|||
D06-H02|Current|(1986-    )|Cyclodextrin|||
D07|Current||Skins, hides, pelts, leather, tobacco|||
D07-A|Current||Mechanical treatment of skins, hides, leather and pelts||Including cutting, stretching|
D07-B|Current||Chemical treatment of skins, hides, leather and pelts||Including dyeing, chemical dehairing and defatting|
D07-C|Current||Tobacco preparation and processing|||
D07-D|Current||Chemical features or treatment of tobacco||Including filter tips, removal of nicotine, tobacco extracts|
D08|Current||Cosmetics, dental, toilet preparations|||
D08-A|Current||Cosmetics, dental, toilet preparations [general and others]|||
D08-A01|Current|(1986-    )|Dental fillings|||
D08-A02|Current|(1986-    )|Dental adhesives and cements|||
D08-A03|Current|(1986-    )|Artificial teeth, dentures, crowns, fixing devices for dentures, moulding devices||Excluding cements and adhesives|
D08-A04|Current|(1986-    )|Dental instruments, saliva pumps, syringes|||
D08-A04A|Current|(2011-    )|Dental cleaning device|||
D08-A05|Current|(1986-    )|Anticaries compositions|||
D08-A06|Current|(1986-    )|Dental plaster and dental impression devices|||
D08-B|Current||Cosmetic preparations [general and others]|||
D08-B01|Current||Make-up (and removing); luminescent pastes|||
D08-B01A|Current|(2005-    )|Eye make-up||e.g. eye shadow, eyeliner, mascara etc|
D08-B01B|Current|(2005-    )|Lip products||e.g. lipsticks, lip gloss, lip liners etc|
D08-B01C|Current|(2005-    )|Make-up||e.g. foundations and blushers|
D08-B01D|Current|(2005-    )|Others|||
D08-B01D1|Current|(2007-    )|Skin whitening agent|D08-B01D||
D08-B02|Current||Nail care (general)||Applied when the description given in the patent is too vague to apply any of the more specific ones given below |
D08-B02A|Current|(2011-    )|Nail polishes|||
D08-B02B|Current|(2011-    )|Nail polish removers|||
D08-B02C|Current|(2011-    )|Artificial nail|||
D08-B03|Current||Cosmetic preparations for care of hair (or promoting growth)|||
D08-B03A|Current|(2005-    )|Products for promoting growth|||
D08-B03B|Current|(2005-    )|Hair conditioner||2 in 1 shampoo and conditioners code here and also in D08-B04|
D08-B03C|Current|(2005-    )|Others|||
D08-B04|Current||Cosmetic preparations for rinsing the hair, shampoo|||
D08-B05|Current||Cosmetic preparations for waving, straightening, fixing hair|||
D08-B06|Current||Cosmetic preparations for dyeing, bleaching hair|||
D08-B07|Current||Depilatories, soapless shaving preparations|||
D08-B08|Current||Cosmetic preparations for cleaning the teeth or mouth|||
D08-B08A|Current|(2002-    )|Toothpaste|||
D08-B08B|Current|(2002-    )|Mouthwash||Tooth cleaning composition in the form of a solution or emulsion designed to be used as a mouth wash|
D08-B08C|Current|(2005-    )|Gels|||
D08-B08D|Current|(2005-    )|Strips|||
D08-B08E|Current|(2005-    )|Floss||Includes dental tape|
D08-B09|Current|(1971-    )|Cosmetic preparations for care of the skin, anti-perspirants, astringents general|||
D08-B09A|Current|(1986-    )|Cosmetic preparations for skin care|||
D08-B09A1|Current|(2002-    )|Skin care|||
D08-B09A1A|Current|(2007-    )|Liquid skin care formulation|D08-B09A1||
D08-B09A1B|Current|(2007-    )|Solid skin care formulation|D08-B09A1||
D08-B09A2|Current|(2002-    )|Personal face and body wash|||
D08-B09A2A|Current|(2007-    )|Liquid personal face and body wash|D08-B09A2||
D08-B09A2B|Current|(2007-    )|Solid personal face and body wash|D08-B09A2||
D08-B09A3|Current|(2002-    )|Anti-ageing preparations|||
D08-B09B|Old|(1986-2004)|Antiperspirants|||
D08-B09B|Current|(2005-    )|Deodorant general||From 2005, this code has been expanded to cover both antiperspirants and deodorants.|
D08-B09B1|Current|(2005-    )|Deodorants only|||
D08-B09B2|Current|(2005-    )|Antiperspirant only|||
D08-B10|Current|(1986-    )|Carriers or bases for cosmetics|||
D08-B11|Current|(1986-    )|Antioxidants and stabilisers for cosmetics|||
D08-B12|Current|(1986-    )|Perfume for cosmetics||D10-A05 may also be searched|
D08-B13|Current|(1986-    )|Surfactants for cosmetics [exc. hair washing compositions, soap and mouth and dental preparations|||
D08-B14|Current|(2005-    )|Whitening teeth only||For whitening chewing gum use this code and D03-E09|
D08-B14A|Current|(2005-    )|Toothpaste, tooth powder||Includes tooth powder|
D08-B14B|Current|(2005-    )|Mouthwash|||
D08-B14C|Current|(2005-    )|Gels|||
D08-B14D|Current|(2005-    )|Strips|||
D08-B15|Current|(2005-    )|Cellulite treatment|||
D08-C|Current|(2005-    )|Animal use||Used for novelties where a code from D08-A and/or D08-B applies but solely for use with animals|
D09|Current||Sterilising and disinfecting, bandages and dressings|||
D09-A|Current||Disinfection or sterilisation [general and others] [exc. of food or air]||Including preservation of bodies and their parts e.g. vital organs, cornea, semen, embryos|
D09-A01|Current|(1971-    )|Disinfection or sterilisation by chemical methods|||
D09-A01A|Current|(1977-    )|Disinfection/sterilisation by oxidising agents, halogens+generators, heavy metal cmpds, inorganics|||
D09-A01B|Current|(1977-    )|Disinfection/sterilisation by phenolics, quat. Ammoniums; amine oxides, tropolones; sulfonium|||
D09-A01C|Current|(1977-    )|Disinfection or sterilisation by antibiotics; other heterocyclics||Including ethylene oxide|
D09-A02|Current|(1971-    )|Disinfection or sterilisation by physical method|||
D09-A02A|Current|(2011-    )|Disinfection or sterilisation by irradiation|||
D09-A02B|Current|(2011-    )|Disinfection or sterilisation by heating|||
D09-A03|Current|(2005-    )|Preservation of biological specimens and tissue|||
D09-A03A|Current|(2011-    )|Preservation of organs, other body tissues|||
D09-A03B|Current|(2011-    )|Preservation of plant tissues|||
D09-B|Current||Disinfection and sterilisation of air [general]||Including purifying, deodorising and killing insects|
D09-B01|Current|(2005-    )|Deodorising/sterilising devices general||Apply codes from this section only if the device is claimed. May be used in conjunction with other D09-B codes if necessary.|
D09-B01A|Current|(2005-    )|Using heating elements||e.g. vaporisers, evaporators and plug-ins|
D09-B01B|Current|(2005-    )|Using sprayers/atomisers||e.g. aerosols, pumps and misting devices|
D09-B01C|Current|(2005-    )|Passive means||Spreading a substance by convection or sachets|
D09-B02|Current|(2005-    )|Candles used in disinfection/deodorisation of air|||
D09-B03|Current|(2005-    )|Creation of aseptic environment||Used for processes and apparatus designed to create a sterile atmosphere within a room, especially an operating theatre or food preparation plant.|
D09-B04|Current|(2005-    )|Perfuming of air (masking)|||
D09-B05|Current|(2005-    )|Neutralising odor causing substances||e.g. cat litter|
D09-B06|Current|(2005-    )|Killing/controlling insects (in a room)|||
D09-B07|Current|(2011-    )|Disinfection or sterilisation of air by irradiation|||
D09-C|Current||Bandages, dressings [general and others]|||
D09-C01|Old|(1972-2009)|Prostheses||Excluding dentures, false nails, eyelashes and wigs|
D09-C01|Current|(2010-    )|Prosthesis and implants||Prior to 2010 this code did not cover implants. From 2010, D09-C01F has been introduced to cover implants, hence the addition of implants to the general D09-C01 code. Excludes dentures, false nails, eyelashes and wigs.|
D09-C01A|Current|(1986-    )|Lenses|||
D09-C01B|Current|(1986-    )|Blood vessels|||
D09-C01C|Current|(1986-    )|Organs, heart, heart valves, pancreas|||
D09-C01D|Current|(1986-    )|Artificial joints and limbs, artificial bone, tendons|||
D09-C01E|Current|(2007-    )|Tissue engineering scaffold||Includes all processes and chemicals used in the production of the scaffolds.|
D09-C01F|Current|(2010-    )|Catheter, Stents, Implants|D09-C||Catheter, Stents, Implants
D09-C02|Current|(1972-    )|Catamenial devices with special shape||Including production|
D09-C02A|Current|(2005-    )|Tampons|||
D09-C02B|Current|(2005-    )|Other sanitary products||e.g. sanitary napkins|
D09-C03|Current|(1972-    )|Baby nappy||Including production|
D09-C04|Current|(1972-    )|Other bandages, dressings with special shape||Including production general|
D09-C04A|Current|(1986-    )|Cataplasms, poultices (for applying heat to a body part)|||
D09-C04B|Current|(1986-    )|Adhesive plasters, bandages, wound dressings|||
D09-C04C|Current|(1986-    )|Splints (external)||For internal see D09-C01|
D09-C04D|Current|(1986-    )|Surgical gowns, protective clothing|||
D09-C04E|Current|(2005-    )|Adult incontinence pads|||
D09-C05|Current|(1972-    )|Water repellent materials for use as bandages, dressings|||
D09-C06|Current|(1972-    )|Water absorbent materials for use as bandages, dressings|||
D09-D|Current||Surgical suture materials [general]|||
D09-E|Current||Chemical protection of skin [general]||e.g chemical agents brought into direct contact with the skin of living human or animal bodies to afford protection against external influences (sunlight, X or other active rays, corrosive liquids or solids, bacteria, insect stings, barrier creams)|
D09-E01|Current|(2002-    )|Sunscreen|||
D09-E02|Current|(2002-    )|Insect repellents|||
D09-E03|Current|(2002-    )|Barrier creams||Applied to skin to create physical barrier between skin and substances which may cause skin irritation, e.g. caustic chemicals. |
D10|Current||Animal and vegetable oils|||
D10-A|Current||Oils and fats, perfumes [general and others]||Except D03-C and D10-B03|
D10-A01|Current||Fats or oils production from raw materials|||
D10-A02|Current||Refining fats or oils|||
D10-A03|Current||Preserving fats or oils by use of additives|||
D10-A04|Current||Separation of mixtures of fats or oils into constituents||e.g. saturated from unsaturated oils|
D10-A05|Current||Essential oils, perfumes general|||
D10-A05A|Current|(1986-    )|Essential oils|||
D10-A05B|Current|(1986-    )|Perfume compositions for rooms||e.g. stone impregnated with perfume with sustained release effect|
D10-A05C|Current|(1986-    )|Perfumes compositions [exc. essential oils, for rooms]|||
D10-A06|Current|(1971-    )|Compositions containing oils and fat|||
D10-B|Current||Fatty acids, candles [unclassified]|||
D10-B01|Current||Fatty acids preparation from fats, oils or waxes; refining|||
D10-B02|Current||Chemical modification of fats, oils, fatty acids|||
D10-B03|Current||Candles|||
D10-B04|Current|(1971-    )|Compositions containing fatty acids||Except D11-C|
D11|Current||Detergents, soap, glycerol|||
D11-A|Current||Surface active non-soap detergents [detergents and their mixtures - general]|||
D11-A01|Current||Surface active non-soap detergents - anionic compounds|||
D11-A01A|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - carboxylic acids, salts and substituted derivatives||Except soap|
D11-A01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Carboxylic acids, salts and substituted derivatives with free carboxylic acid group(s)|||
D11-A01A2|Current|(1986-    )|Carboxylic acids, salts and substituted derivatives ester group(s), no free carboxylic acid groups|||
D11-A01A3|Current|(1986-    )|Contains carboxylic amide group(s) but no carboxylic acid or ester group|||
D11-A01B|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - sulphonic acids and esters|||
D11-A01B1|Current|(1986-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - aryl sulphonic acid||Sulphonic acid group linked via the sulphur atom to the aromatic ring|
D11-A01B2|Current|(1986-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - aliphatic sulphonic acid||Sulphonic acid group linked via the sulphur atom to the aliphatic chain|
D11-A01C|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - lignin sulphonates and derivatives|||
D11-A01D|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - protein hydrolysates, fatty acid condensates thereof|||
D11-A01E|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - derivatives of acids of P|||
D11-A01F|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - sulphate esters|||
D11-A01F1|Current|(1986-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - unsubstituted alkyl sulphates|||
D11-A01F2|Current|(1986-    )|Anionic non-soap detergents - (poly)ethoxylated sulphates with one or more ethyleneoxy groups|||
D11-A02|Current||Surface active non-soap detergents - cationic compounds|||
D11-A02A|Current|(1986-    )|Cationic non-soap detergents - heterocyclic quaternary ammonium with N+ in ring|||
D11-A02B|Current|(1986-    )|Cationic non-soap detergents - quaternary ammonium not in heterocyclic ring|||
D11-A02B1|Current|(1986-    )|Cationic non-soap detergents - containing amide group|||
D11-A02B2|Current|(1986-    )|Cationic non-soap detergents - containing ether or OH groups||Excluding D11-A02B1|
D11-A03|Current||Surface active non-soap detergents - non-ionic compounds|||
D11-A03A|Current|(1986-    )|Non-ionic non-soap detergents - polyalkylene oxides|||
D11-A03A1|Current|(1986-    )|Non-ionic non-soap detergents - polyalkylene glycol ethers with higher alcohols and cycloalkanols|||
D11-A03A2|Current|(1986-    )|Non-ionic non-soap detergents - polyalkylene glycol ethers with phenols|||
D11-A03A3|Current|(1986-    )|Non-ionic non-soap detergents - polyalkylene glycol ethers with polyols||e.g. glycerol, sorbitan|
D11-A03A4|Current|(1986-    )|Non-ionic non-soap detergents - polyalkylene glycol esters with higher carboxylic acids|||
D11-A03A5|Current|(1986-    )|Non-ionic non-soap detergents - polyalkylene glycol ethers with substituted alkanols||e.g. long chain amides of monoethanolamine|
D11-A03B|Current|(1994-    )|Non-ionic non-soap detergents - glycosides (as surfactants)|D11-A03||
D11-A04|Current||Surface active non-soap detergents - ampholytes, electroneutral compounds|||
D11-A04A|Current|(1986-    )|Ampholytes, electroneutral compounds with quaternary ammonium group(s) and sulfonate group(s)|||
D11-A04B|Current|(1986-    )|Ampholytes, electroneutral compounds with quaternary ammonium and carboxy, but no sulfonate|||
D11-A04C|Current|(2005-    )|Amine oxide type compounds|||
D11-A05|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic and anionic detergent mixtures||From 197701 also search D11-A01: to D11-A04:|
D11-A06|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic and cationic detergent mixtures||From 197701 also search D11-A01: to D11-A04:|
D11-A07|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic and non-ionic detergent mixtures||From 197701 also search D11-A01: to D11-A04:|
D11-A08|Current|(1972-    )|Cationic and cationic detergent mixtures||From 197701 also search D11-A01: to D11-A04:|
D11-A09|Current|(1972-    )|Cationic and non-ionic detergent mixtures||From 197701 also search D11-A01: to D11-A04:|
D11-A10|Current|(1972-    )|Non-ionic and non-ionic detergent mixtures||From 197701 also search D11-A01: to D11-A04:|
D11-A11|Current|(1972-    )|Anionic, cationic and non-ionic detergent mixtures||From 197701 also search D11-A01: to D11-A04:|
D11-A12|Current|(1972-    )|Ampholytes and anionic and/or cationic and/or non-ionic detergent mixtures||From 197701 also search D11-A01: to D11-A04:|
D11-B|Current|(1970-    )|Non surface active detergent additives [general and others]||This code is only applied if five or more of the D11-B sub-codes would be applicable.|
D11-B01|Current|(1971-    )|Bleaching agents; optical brighteners [detergent additives]|||
D11-B01A|Current||Organic bleaches [detergent additives]||e.g. peroxy-carboxylic acids|
D11-B01B|Current||Inorganic bleaches [detergent additives]||e.g. hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite|
D11-B01C|Current||Optical brighteners, anti-greying agents, blueing agents [detergent additives]|||
D11-B01D|Current|(1994-    )|Bleach activators and catalysts [detergent additives]|D11-B01||
D11-B01D1|Current|(2005-    )|Bleach activators||Includes acyloxybenzene sulfonates, acyloxybenzoic acid, N-acyl lactams and tetraacetylethylenediamine|
D11-B01D2|Current|(2005-    )|Bleach catalysts||Includes various transition metal complexes and free radical generators such as azobisisobutyronitrile|
D11-B01D3|Current|(2005-    )|Enzymatic bleaches||Bleach compositions that use an enzyme as the active ingredient|
D11-B01E|Current|(2005-    )|Bleach boosters||Compounds added to bleach compositions which are not themselves bleaches but which do increase bleaching power of the composition|
D11-B02|Old|(1972-2013)|Enzyme additives for detergents|||
D11-B02|Current|(2014-    )|Enzyme additives||The detergent composition comprises enzymes, e.g. proteases|
D11-B03|Current|(1972-    )|Builders for detergents|||
D11-B04|Current|(1972-    )|Anticaking agents and soil suspending agents for detergents|||
D11-B05|Current|(1972-    )|Antitarnishing agents for detergents|||
D11-B06|Current|(1972-    )|Sequestering agents for detergents|||
D11-B07|Current|(1972-    )|Foam promoters for detergents|||
D11-B08|Current|(1972-    )|Foam inhibitors for detergents|||
D11-B09|Current|(1972-    )|Abrasives for detergents|||
D11-B10|Current|(1972-    )|Carbohydrates, starch and cellulose derivatives for detergents|||
D11-B11|Current|(1972-    )|Silicates, carbonates, alkali, silicones, siloxanes for detergents**|||
D11-B11A|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic silicates - including clays and zeolites||Including clays and zeolites|
D11-B11B|Current|(2005-    )|Organic silicon compounds general|||
D11-B11B1|Current|(2005-    )|Reactive silicon compounds||Includes silazanes|
D11-B11B2|Current|(2005-    )|Inert silicon compound||Includes silicones and siloxanes unless they have pendent reactive groups|
D11-B11C|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic carbonates|||
D11-B11D|Current|(2005-    )|Alkalis|||
D11-B12|Current|(1972-    )|Stabilisers (various) for detergents**|||
D11-B13|Current|(1972-    )|Acids|||Acid
D11-B14|Current|(1972-    )|Antimicrobial agents for detergents|||
D11-B15|Current|(1972-    )|Fabric softeners and conditioners||Do not also search D11-D07|
D11-B15A|Current||Fabric softeners and conditioners - concentrated form|||
D11-B15B|Current||Liquid fabric softeners and conditioners [exc. concentrated]||Do not also search D11-D07|
D11-B15C|Current||Special forms of softeners and conditioners [exc. concentrated, liquid]**|||
D11-B16|Current|(1977-    )|Solubilisers (solvents, hydrotopes) for detergents|||
D11-B17|Current||Organic non-polymeric sulphur containing compound for detergents|||
D11-B18|Current||Organic non-polymeric phosphorus containing compounds for detergents|||
D11-B19|Current||Organic polymers for detergents||Excluding polysaccharides D11-B10 and polysiloxanes D11-B11|
D11-B20|Current||Inorganic nitrogen containing compound for detergents|||
D11-B21|Current||Inorganic phosphorus containing compound for detergents|||
D11-B22|Current||Other inorganic additives for detergents||Excluding D11-B11|
D11-B23|Current||Perfume or odourant for detergents|||
D11-B24|Current|(2005-    )|Thickeners||Substances added to a detergent composition in order to increase its viscosity. If a specific type of thickener is used also apply the appropriate D11-B structural code (e.g. if cellulose is used as the thickener add D11-B10).|
D11-C|Current||Soap detergent compositions|||
D11-C01|Current||Soap detergent compositions use general|||
D11-C01A|Current||Soap bars|||
D11-C01B|Current||Soap powders|||
D11-C01C|Current||Liquid soaps|||
D11-C02|Current||Soap compositions without special shape and without non-soap detergents|||
D11-C03|Current||Soap with non-soap detergents|||
D11-D|Current||Special methods or detergent materials [general and others]|||
D11-D01|Current|(1971-    )|Detergent compositions with special uses|||
D11-D01A|Current|(1986-    )|Dishwashing, bottle and utensil washing||Including china, glass and plastic.|
D11-D01B|Current|(1986-    )|Heavy duty hard surface cleaner||e.g. paintwork, plastic surfaces, baths (excluding plastic baths), walls, tiles, stone, machinery, surgical instruments, cars, aircraft, boilers, ships, and metal articles.|
D11-D01B1|Current|(2005-    )|Oven cleaners|||
D11-D01B2|Current|(2005-    )|Flux removers|||
D11-D01B3|Current|(2005-    )|Other abrasive type household surface cleaners|||
D11-D01B4|Current|(2005-    )|Other bleach based household surface cleaners|||
D11-D01B5|Current|(2005-    )|Other household surface cleaners|||
D11-D01B6|Current|(2005-    )|Other industrial hard surface cleaners|||
D11-D01C|Current|(1986-    )|Glass or window cleaner, (contact) lens cleaners|||
D11-D01D|Current|(1986-    )|Lavatory cleaner||Includes toilet cleaner|
D11-D01E|Current|(1986-    )|Drain or sink cleaner||For unblocking sewer pipes or helping to prevent the occurrence of clogged drains|
D11-D01F|Current|(1986-    )|Detergents effective at low temperatures|||
D11-D01G|Current|(1986-    )|Detergents effective at high temperatures|||
D11-D01H|Current|(2005-    )|Laundry compositions|||
D11-D01J|Current|(2005-    )|Personal care compositions|||
D11-D02|Current|(1971-    )|Detergent compositions with special shape or colour|||
D11-D02A|Current|(2005-    )|Tablet or other moulded article|||
D11-D02B|Current|(2005-    )|Capsule||Includes microcapsules|
D11-D02C|Current|(2005-    )|Sprays|||
D11-D02D|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
D11-D03|Current|(1972-    )|Powders, flakes and granules production for detergents|||
D11-D04|Current|(1972-    )|Pastes, gels and scouring composition production|||
D11-D05|Current|(1971-    )|Sulphonation processes for preparing detergents|||
D11-D06|Current|(1972-    )|Biodegradable detergents|||
D11-D07|Current|(1977-    )|Liquid detergent compositions|||
D11-D07A|Current|(2005-    )|Heavy duty laundry detergents||For use in automatic washing machines|
D11-D07B|Current|(2005-    )|Light duty liquid laundry detergents||For use in hand washing of clothes|
D11-D07C|Current|(2005-    )|Liquid laundry detergents with special use|||
D11-D07C1|Current|(2005-    )|Colour care|||
D11-D07C2|Current|(2005-    )|Combined detergent/fabric softener|||
D11-D07C3|Current|(2005-    )|Liquid laundry detergents with bleach (stain removers)|||
D11-D07D|Current|(2005-    )|Liquid dishwashing detergents|||
D11-D07E|Current|(2005-    )|Automatic dishwashing rinse aids|||
D11-D07F|Current|(2005-    )|Liquid soap type (hand washing compositions)|||
D11-D07G|Current|(2005-    )|Others|||
D11-D08|Current|(2005-    )|Granular laundry detergent compositions||Use when the actual composition rather than its means of manufacture are claimed|
D11-E|Current||Soap-making, glycerol|||
D11-E01|Current||Resin soaps from naphthenic acids|||
D11-E02|Current||Glycerol recovery from saponfication liquor||For refining see E10-E04+.|
D11-F|Current||Detergents without tensides [general]|||
E01|Current||Steroid [general]||Includes all compounds containing a cyclopenta(a) phenanthrene ring system, optionally fused with other rings; not coded elsewhere unless additionally as dyes.|
E01-P|Current|(2010-    )|Production of Steroids|Cannot be coded in Cross-overs|Use this for all steroids|
E01-U|Current|(2010-    )|Use of Steroids|Cannot be coded in Cross-overs|Use this for all steroids|
E02|Current|(1975-    )|Antibiotic||Antibiotic with unknown structure.|
E03|Current|(1975-    )|Vitamin||Vitamin with unknown structure.|
E04|Current||Other natural materials|||
E04-A|Current|(1975-    )|Alkaloid, plant extract||Alkaloid, plant extract with unknown structure.|
E04-B|Current|(1975-    )|Animal extract, microbiological||Animal extract, microbiological with unknown structure.|
E04-C|Current|(1975-    )|Sugar of unknown constitution; other natural product||Sugar of unknown constitution; other natural product with unknown structure.|
E05|Current||Miscellaneous organic compounds||This section contains:- a) all organic compounds containing elements other than H, C, N, O, S, and halogen, b) all compounds containing specific isotopes, c) all radioactive organic and inorganic compounds, d) all compounds containing halogen as hetero-ring member, e) all fullerene type cage structures (from 199401), f) all organics containing inorganic ligand as essential component; the latter is coded in section (E3) and E05-S or E05-T if appropriate.|
E05-A|Current|(1970-    )|Lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) - general|||
E05-A01|Current|(2005-    )|Lithium (Li) compounds||Organo Lithium compound.|
E05-A02|Current|(2005-    )|Sodium (Na), potassium (K), cesium (Cs), rubidium (Rb) compounds||Organo compounds of Na, K, Cs and/or Rb.|
E05-B|Current|(1970-    )|Alkali earth metal, Aluminium (Al)|||
E05-B01|Current|(1975-    )|Beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba)|||
E05-B02|Current|(1975-    )|Compound having aluminium-C (Al-C) bond|||
E05-B03|Current|(1975-    )|Other aluminium (Al) compound|||
E05-C|Current||Organic compound containing boron [general]|||
E05-C01|Current|(1994-    )|Organic compound containing boron in a ring|E05-C||
E05-C02|Current|(1994-    )|Other boron (B) compound|||
E05-D|Current|(1970-    )|Gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl) - general||Excluding B, Al.|
E05-E|Current||Organic compound containing silicon [general]||In order of priority: 01, 02, 03.|
E05-E01|Current|(1975-    )|Heterocyclic or aromatic compound with Si-C bond|||
E05-E01A|Current|(2005-    )|Si as part of a ring|||
E05-E01B|Current|(2005-    )|Heterocyclic compound with Si-C bond|||
E05-E01C|Current|(2005-    )|Aromatic compound with Si-C bond|||
E05-E02|Current|(1975-    )|(Cyclo)aliphatic compound with Si-C bond [general]|||
E05-E02A|Current|(1986-    )|(Cyclo)aliphatic compound with 4 Si-C bonds to one Si|||
E05-E02B|Current|(1986-    )|(Cyclo)aliphatic compound with 3 Si-C bonds to one Si|||
E05-E02C|Current|(1986-    )|(Cyclo)aliphatic compound with 2 Si-C bonds to one Si|||
E05-E02D|Current|(1986-    )|(Cyclo)aliphatic compound with 1 Si-C bond to one Si|||
E05-E03|Current|(1975-    )|Other organo-silicon compound|||
E05-E03A|Current|(2005-    )|O-Si bonds only||Compound containing O-Si bonds only. Used for tetrahydrocarbyloxysilanes and hydrocarbylsilicates|
E05-E03B|Current|(2005-    )|Others silicon compounds|||
E05-F|Current|(1970-    )|Germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb) - general||Excluding C, Si.|
E05-F01|Current|(1975-    )|Compound with tin-C (Sn-C) bond|||
E05-F02|Current|(1975-    )|Other compound of germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb)|||
E05-F02A|Current|(2005-    )|Germanium (Ge) compound||Organo Germanium compound.|
E05-F02B|Current|(2005-    )|Other tin (Sn) compound||Organo Tin compound not containing Sn-C bond(s).|
E05-F02C|Current|(2005-    )|Lead (Pb) compound||Organo Lead compound.|
E05-G|Current||Organic compound containing phosphorus [general]||In order of priority: 01, 02, 03 etc.|
E05-G01|Current||P-C bond, heterocyclic compound|||
E05-G02|Current||P-C bond, aromatic compound|||
E05-G03|Current||P-C bond, aliphatic or alicyclic compound [general]|||
E05-G03A|Current|(1975-    )|Phosphonium; or with P-C multiple bond, P-HAL or P-N|||
E05-G03B|Current|(1975-    )|Aliphatic or alicyclic compound with 3-valent P (and addition complexes)|||
E05-G03C|Current|(1975-    )|Aliphatic or alicyclic compound with 5-valent P and >>1 P-C bonds|||
E05-G03D|Current|(1975-    )|Aliphatic or alicyclic compound with 5-valent P and 1 P-C bond|||
E05-G04|Current||P-N bond, heterocyclic compound|||
E05-G05|Current||P-N bond, aromatic compound|||
E05-G06|Current||P-N bond, aliphatic or alicyclic compound|||
E05-G07|Current||P-O or P-S bond, heterocyclic compound|||
E05-G08|Current||P-O or P-S bond, aromatic compound|||
E05-G09|Current||P-O or P-S bond, aliphatic or alicyclic compound [general]|||
E05-G09A|Current|(1975-    )|P-O or P-S bond, aliphatic or alicyclic compound with P-HAL, P-S or >>1 P|||
E05-G09B|Current|(1975-    )|P-O or P-S bond, aliphatic or alicyclic compound with 3-valent P or tautomeric 3-5 valent P|||
E05-G09C|Current|(1975-    )|Mono, di or tri-unsubstituted alkyl orthophosphate (or salt)|||
E05-G09D|Current|(1975-    )|P-O or P-S bond, aliphatic or alicyclic compound 5-valent P compound|||
E05-H|Current||Organic compound containing arsenic [general]|||
E05-J|Current||Organic compound containing antimony, bismuth [general]|||
E05-K|Current|(1970-    )|Organic compound containing Selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), noble gas, halogen in ring [general]||Excluding At, Rn, E05-Q.|
E05-L|Current||Organic compound containing 1st transition series [general]|||
E05-L01|Current|(1970-    )|Titanium (Ti) compound|||
E05-L02|Current|(1970-    )|Iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) compound - general|||
E05-L02A|Current|(1986-    )|Iron (Fe) compound|||
E05-L02B|Current|(1986-    )|Cobalt (Co) compound|||
E05-L02C|Current|(1986-    )|Nickel (Ni) compound|||
E05-L03|Current|(1970-    )|Scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) compound - general|||
E05-L03A|Current|(1975-    )|Scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) compound|||
E05-L03B|Current|(1975-    )|Copper (Cu) compound|||
E05-L03C|Current|(1975-    )|Zinc (Zn) carboxylate|||
E05-L03D|Current|(1975-    )|Other zinc (Zn) compound|||
E05-M|Current||Organic compound containing 2nd transition series [Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, general]|||
E05-M01|Current|(2005-    )|Zirconium (Zr) compound|||
E05-M02|Current|(2005-    )|Ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd) compound - general|||
E05-M02A|Current|(2005-    )|Ruthenium (Ru) compound|||
E05-M02B|Current|(2005-    )|Rhodium (Rh) compound|||
E05-M02C|Current|(2005-    )|Palladium (Pd) compound|||
E05-M03|Current|(2005-    )|Y, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ag, cd|||
E05-M03A|Current|(2005-    )|Niobium (Nb), technetium (Tc), cadmium (Cd) compound|||
E05-M03B|Current|(2005-    )|Silver (Ag) compound|||
E05-M03C|Current|(2005-    )|Molybdenum (Mo) compound|||
E05-M03D|Current|(2005-    )|Y|||
E05-N|Current||Organic compound containing 3rd transition series [Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, general]|||
E05-N01|Current|(2005-    )|Hf|||
E05-N02|Current|(2005-    )|Os, Ir, Pt|||
E05-N02A|Current|(2005-    )|Os|||
E05-N02B|Current|(2005-    )|Ir|||
E05-N02C|Current|(2005-    )|Pt|||
E05-N03|Current|(2005-    )|Tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), gold (Au), mercury (Hg) general|||
E05-N03A|Current|(2005-    )|Tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re) compound|||
E05-N03B|Current|(2005-    )|Gold (Au) compound|||
E05-N03C|Current|(2005-    )|Mercury (Hg) compound|||
E05-P|Current||Organic compound containing lanthanoids (la-lu) [general]|||
E05-Q|Current||Organic compound containing Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, actinoids [general]|||
E05-R|Current||Radioactive element other than Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, actinoids, specific isotope [general]|||
E05-S|Current||Inorganic ligand containing only H, C, N, O, S or halogen [general]|||
E05-T|Current||Inorganic ligand (ion or complexing agent) containing other than only H, C, N, O, S or halogen|||
E05-U|Current|(1994-    )|Fullerene type cage structures [general]||Prior to 199401 fullerene structures had been coded in section (E3). Further notes are included under the section E05 heading.|
E05-U01|Current|(1994-    )|Fullerene type cage structures containing hetero atom(s)||Where hetero atom(s) may be endohedral (inside cage), or may form part of the cage resulting in a hetero cage structure, or may be bound to the outside of the cage.e.g. C60 H6, C70 F34.|
E05-U02|Current|(1994-    )|Fullerene type cage structures containing carbon only||e.g. Buckminsterfullerene.|
E05-U03|Current|(2005-    )|Carbon nanotubes|||
E05-U03A|Current|(2010-    )|Single walled|E05-U03|Single walled Carbon nanotube|nanotube nanotubes nano-tube nano-tubes
E05-U03B|Current|(2010-    )|Double walled|E05-U03|Double walled Carbon nanotube|nanotube nanotubes nano-tube nano-tubes
E05-U03C|Current|(2010-    )|> 2 multiple walled|E05-U03|More than 2 multiple walled Carbon nanotube|nanotube nanotubes nano-tube nano-tubes
E05-U04|Current|(2005-    )|Heteroatom-containing nanotubes|||
E05-U05|Current|(2005-    )|Other carbon 3-D structures|||
E05-U05A|Current|(2010-    )|Nanoparticles /nanopowder|E05-U05|Carbon nanoparticles or nanopowder|nanoparticle nanopowder nano-particle nano-powder nanoparticles nanopowders nano-particles nano-powders
E05-U05B|Current|(2010-    )|Nanorods, nanowhiskers|E05-U05|Carbon nanorods, nanowhiskers or nanofibers|nanorod nano-rod nanorods nano-rods nanowhisker nano-whisker nanowhiskers nano-whiskers
E05-U05C|Current|(2010-    )|Nanofilm|E05-U05|Carbon nanofilm including graphene|nanofilm nano-film nanofilms nano-films
E05-U05D|Current|(2010-    )|Other nanoforms (e.g nanobuds, nanohorns, nanodiamonds)|E05-U05|Nano carbon other (e.g nanobuds, nanohorns)|nanobud, nano-bud, nanobuds, nano-buds, nanohorn, nano-horn, nanohorns, nano-horns, nanodiamonds
E05-U05E|New|(2017-    )|Quantum dots||Nano graphene quantum dots.|
E05-U06|Current|(2010-    )|Other Heteroatom containing nano 3-D structures general||Code applied when a heterotom is present in other 3 -D structures|
E05-U07|Current|(2010-    )|Nanostructures of other organic compounds||Code applied when a heterotom is present in other 3 -D structures|
E05-V|Current|(2005-    )|Metallocene [general]||Also apply all other E05 codes|
E05-V01|Current|(2005-    )|Unbridged metallocene with 2-4 pi-arene ligands|||
E05-V02|Current|(2005-    )|Bridged carbocyclic metallocenes|||
E05-V03|Current|(2005-    )|Carbocyclic metallocenes with only 1 pi-arene ligand|||
E05-V04|Current|(2005-    )|Metallocene with heteroatom-containing rings|||
E05-V05|Current|(2005-    )|Condensed carbocyclic metallocenes|||
E05-W|Current|(2010-    )|General Organometallic complex||Can be applied for covering OMC when the metal is not specified not for ( includes more than 5 General metal codes. For e.g. E05 L, M, N, J and P.)only to be applied when metal is unspecified.|General OMC
E06|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring||The specific compounds listed include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Note 1. For systems containing ring elements other than C, O, S and N see E05. 2. Specific ring systems present in a compound are each coded. 3. If there is an essential fused hetero-ring and (optionally) another variable fused hetero-ring, only the essential ring is coded and not the variable ring nor E06-H.|
E06-A|Current|(2004-    )|Fused oxygen-containing heterocycle (gen.)|||
E06-A01|Current||1-benzo-(furan or pyran)|||
E06-A02|Current||Other heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings - sole hetero(s) oxygens [general]|||
E06-A02A|Current|(1986-    )|Phthalic anhydride (derivative)|||
E06-A02B|Current|(1986-    )|Phthalide (derivative)|||
E06-A02C|Current|(1986-    )|Other isobenzofuran; isochromene [exc. phthalic anhydride (derivs), phthalide (derivs)]**|||
E06-A02D|Current|(1986-    )|Other heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings and one O|||
E06-A02E|Current|(1986-    )|Heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings and 2 or more O|||
E06-A03|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with more than 2 rings [general]|||
E06-A03A|Current|(2011-    )|Cyclodextrins|||
E06-A03B|Current|(2011-    )|Heterocyclic, fused ring with more than 2 rings -others|||
E06-B|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
E06-B01|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
E06-B02|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
E06-C|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring - sole heteros O and S [general]|||
E06-D|Current|(1994-    )|Heterocyclic, fused ring - sole hetero(s) nitrogen [general]|||
E06-D01|Current||Indole|||
E06-D02|Current||Quinoline|||
E06-D03|Current||Isoindole, isoquinoline|||
E06-D04|Current||Other heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings and one N|||
E06-D05|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings (5+6 membered) and two N|||
E06-D06|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings (both 6 membered) and two N|||
E06-D07|Current||Other heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings and two N|||
E06-D08|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings and three N||Including benztriazole|
E06-D09|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings and four N|||
E06-D10|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings and more than four N|||
E06-D11|Current||Acridine|||
E06-D12|Current||Dibenzo[b, f]azepine|||
E06-D13|Current||Other heterocyclic, fused ring with 3 rings and one N|||
E06-D14|Current||Phenazine|||
E06-D15|Current||Carbolines; phenanthrolines||i.e. Benzo-1,2:3,4-dipyridines.|
E06-D16|Current||Other heterocyclic, fused ring with 3 rings and two N|||
E06-D17|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with 3 rings and more than two N|||
E06-D18|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring with more than 3 rings - sole hetero(s) nitrogen|||
E06-E|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring - sole heteros O and N|||
E06-E01|Current||Benzoxazole, benzisoxazoles|||
E06-E02|Current||Benzoxazines|||
E06-E03|Current||Other heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings - sole heteros O and N|||
E06-E04|Current||Phenoxazine|||
E06-E05|Current||Other heterocyclic, fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole heteros O and N|||
E06-F|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring - sole heteros S and N|||
E06-F01|Current||Benzothiazole, benzisothiazoles|||
E06-F02|Current||Benzothiazines|||
E06-F03|Current||Other heterocyclic, fused ring with 2 rings - sole heteros S and N|||
E06-F04|Current||Phenothiazine|||
E06-F05|Current||Other heterocyclic, fused ring with more than 2 rings - sole heteros S and N|||
E06-G|Current||Heterocyclic, fused ring - sole heteros O and S and N [general]|||
E06-H|Current||Fused ring, general||This code is used for general disclosures when no specific hetero-ring system is present or when many are present.|
E07|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear||The specific compounds listed include all reduced derivatives and tautomers, unless specifically excluded. Note 1. For systems containing ring elements other than C, O, S and N see E05. 2. Specific ring systems in a compound are each coded, except that an E07 ring is not coded if an E06 system is present in the same compound. 3. If there is an essential mono hetero-ring and (optionally) another variable mono hetero-ring, only the essential ring is coded, and not the variable ring nor E07-H.|
E07-A|Current|(2004-    )|Oxygen-containing monocyclic heterocycle (gen.)|||
E07-A01|Current||Furan [exc. tetrahydrofuran]|||
E07-A02|Current||Tetrahydro-(furan or pyran) [general]|||
E07-A02A|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran|||
E07-A02B|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydrofuran with =O and -O- substituents|||
E07-A02C|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydrofuran with =O substituents (not -O-)|||
E07-A02D|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydrofuran with -O- substituents (not =O)|||
E07-A02E|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydrofuran with no =O and no -O- substituents|||
E07-A02F|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydropyran with =O and -O- substituents|||
E07-A02G|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydropyran with =O substituents (not -O-)|||
E07-A02H|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydropyran with -O- substituents (not =O)|||
E07-A02J|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydropyran with no =O and no -O- substituents|||
E07-A03|Current||Other heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with one O [general]|||
E07-A03A|Current|(1975-    )|Oxiran from (halo)hydrocarbon|||
E07-A03B|Current|(1975-    )|Other oxiran [exc. from (halo)hydrocarbon]|||
E07-A03C|Current|(1975-    )|Others heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with one O [exc. oxiran]||e.g. (Dihydro-)pyran.|
E07-A04|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with more than one O|||
E07-B|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring - sole hetero(s) sulphur|||
E07-B01|Current||Thiophene|||
E07-B02|Current||Other heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with one S|||
E07-B03|Current||Other heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with more than one S|||
E07-C|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring - sole heteros O and S [general]|||
E07-D|Current|(1994-    )|Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring - sole hetero(s) nitrogen [general]|||
E07-D01|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with one N, less than 5 membered|||
E07-D02|Current||Pyrrole [exc. pyrrolidine]|||
E07-D03|Current||Pyrrolidine|||
E07-D04|Current||Pyridine [exc. piperidine] [general]|||
E07-D04A|Current|(1986-    )|(Hydro)pyridinium, N(V)||N(V) e.g. for N-oxide|
E07-D04B|Current|(1986-    )|Pyridine production|||
E07-D04C|Current|(1986-    )|Pyridine use|||
E07-D04D|Current|(1986-    )|Di-, tetra-hydropyridine|||
E07-D05|Current||Piperidine|||
E07-D06|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with one N, more than 6 membered|||
E07-D07|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with more than one N, less than 5 membered|||
E07-D08|Current||Pyrazole|||
E07-D09|Current||Imidazole [general]|||
E07-D09A|Current|(1986-    )|(Hydro)imidazolium, N(V)||N(V) e.g. for N-oxide|
E07-D09B|Current|(1986-    )|Imidazole|||
E07-D09C|Current|(1986-    )|Dihydroimidazole|||
E07-D09D|Current|(1986-    )|Tetrahydroimidazole|||
E07-D10|Current||Pyr(id)azine [exc. piperazine]|||
E07-D11|Current||Piperazine|||
E07-D12|Current||Pyrimidine|||
E07-D13|Current||Other heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with more than one N [general]|||
E07-D13A|Current|(1975-    )|Production of 1,3,5-triazines|||
E07-D13B|Current|(1975-    )|Use of 1,3,5-triazines|||
E07-D13C|Current|(1975-    )|Other heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with more than one N [exc. 1,3,5-triazines]|||
E07-E|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring - sole heteros O and N [general]|||
E07-E01|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with one O and one N, less than 6 membered|||
E07-E02|Current||Oxazines [exc. morpholine]|||
E07-E03|Current||Morpholine|||
E07-E04|Current||Other heterocyclic, mononuclear ring - sole heteros O and N|||
E07-F|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring - sole heteros S and N [general]|||
E07-F01|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring with one S and one N, less than 6 membered|||
E07-F02|Current||Thiazines|||
E07-F03|Current||Other heterocyclic, mononuclear ring - sole heteros S and N|||
E07-G|Current||Heterocyclic, mononuclear ring - sole heteros O and S and N [general]|||
E07-H|Current||Mononuclear heterocyclic [general]||These codes are used for general disclosures when no specific hetero-ring system is present or when many are present.|
E07-H01|Current|(1975-    )|Mono heterocyclic prod. Where ring linked directly to -C(=O)-, -C(=S), -C(=N)-, -CN or heteroatom|||
E07-H02|Current|(1975-    )|Other mononuclear heterocyclic production [exc. E07-H01]|||
E07-H03|Current|(1975-    )|Use of E07-H01 type heterocyclic|||
E07-H04|Current|(1975-    )|Use of other mononuclear heterocyclic [exc. E07-H03]|||
E08|Current||Aromatic, polycarbocyclic||Includes only those compounds containing more than two carbocyclic rings fused together, at least one of which is 6- membered with 3 conjugated double bonds (or quinone derivatives thereof). Mono- and bi-cyclo-aromatics are coded in E10.|
E08-A|Current||Aromatic, polycarbocyclic containing at least six rings fused [general]|||
E08-B|Current||Aromatic, polycarbocyclic containing five rings fused [general]|||
E08-C|Current||Aromatic, polycarbocyclic containing four rings fused|||
E08-C01|Current||Aromatic, polycarbocyclic containing 6:6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
E08-C02|Current||Other aromatic, polycarbocyclic containing four rings fused|||
E08-D|Current||Aromatic, polycarbocyclic containing three rings fused|||
E08-D01|Current||Aromatic, polycarbocyclic containing 6>=6>=7 carbon atoms per ring|||
E08-D02|Current||Aromatic, polycarbocyclic containing 6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
E08-D03|Current||Other aromatic, polycarbocyclic containing three rings fused|||
E08-H|Current|(2002-    )|General|||
E09|Current||Alicyclic, polycarbocyclic||Includes only compounds containing more than two carbocyclic rings fused together, other than aromatics (see E08). Mono- and bi- cycloalkyl compounds are coded in E10.|
E09-A|Current||Alicyclic, polycarbocyclic containing at least six rings fused [general]|||
E09-B|Current||Alicyclic, polycarbocyclic containing five rings fused [general]|||
E09-C|Current||Alicyclic, polycarbocyclic containing four rings fused|||
E09-C01|Current||Alicyclic, polycarbocyclic containing 6:6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
E09-C02|Current||Other alicyclic, polycarbocyclic containing four rings fused|||
E09-D|Current||Alicyclic, polycarbocyclic containing three rings fused|||
E09-D01|Current||Alicyclic, polycarbocyclic containing 6:6:6 carbon atoms per ring|||
E09-D02|Current||Other alicyclic, polycarbocyclic containing three rings fused|||
E09-H|Current|(2002-    )|General|||
E10|Current||Aromatic and cyclo aliphatic (mono and bicyclic only), aliphatic||In E10, compounds are coded according to the type of functional group present (if any). Only one code is applied to a specific compound according to the following order of priority (left to right):- E10-A -- E10-B to E10-J and 01 -- 02 -- 03 etc. Thus E10-A01 is the highest, and E10-J02D is the lowest priority code.|
E10-A|Current||Aromatic and cyclo aliphatic (mono + bicyclic only), aliphatic - with rarer chemical groups|||
E10-A01|Current||Aromatic and (cyclo)aliphatic - with onium(s), aminimide, ylid, free radical|||
E10-A02|Current||Aromatic and cycloaliphatic, aliphatic - with halogen bonded to hal, N or O|||
E10-A03|Current||Aromatic and (cyclo)aliphatic - with nitrogen oxide, nitroso, nitrone, azoxy, nitrolic acid||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A03A|Current|(2002-    )|Nitrone, nitrolic acid|||
E10-A03B|Current|(2002-    )|Nitrogen oxide (R3NV =O), azoxy (R-N=N(=O)-R)||Excluding nitrones, nitrolic acids|
E10-A03C|Current|(2002-    )|Nitroso (R-NIII=O)||Excluding nitrones, nitrolic acids|
E10-A04|Current||Aromatic and cycloaliphatic, aliphatic - with peroxide, polysulfide [general]||Excluding thiosulphate, etc.|
E10-A04A|Current|(1986-    )|Aromatic and cycloaliphatic, aliphatic - with polysulfide|||
E10-A04B|Current|(1986-    )|Aromatic and cycloaliphatic, aliphatic - with peroxide|||
E10-A04B1|Current|(2002-    )|Aromatic peroxides, gen||Peroxides of Aromatic Acids or alcohols, e.g. R-OO- ; RCO-O-O-); R-SO2-O-O-|
E10-A04B1A|Current|(2002-    )|Diacylperoxides||e.g. RCO-O-O-CO-R); R-SO2-O-O-SO2-R|
E10-A04B1B|Current|(2002-    )|Peresters||e.g. R-CO-O-O-R, RSO2-O-O-R|
E10-A04B1C|Current|(2002-    )|Peracids||e.g. R-CO-O-O-H; R-SO2-O-O-H|
E10-A04B1D|Current|(2002-    )|Peroxides, other||e.g. Ph-O-O-tBu;|
E10-A04B1E|Current|(2002-    )|Hydroperoxides, other||e.g. Ph-O-O-H|
E10-A04B2|Current|(2002-    )|(Cyclo)aliphatic peroxides, gen||Peroxides of non-Aromatic Acids or alcohols|
E10-A04B2A|Current|(2002-    )|Diacylperoxides||e.g. RCO-O-O-CO-R); R-SO2-O-O-SO2-R|
E10-A04B2B|Current|(2002-    )|Peresters||e.g. R-CO-O-O-R, RSO2-O-O-R|
E10-A04B2C|Current|(2002-    )|Peracids||e.g. R-CO-O-O-H; R-SO2-O-O-H|
E10-A04B2D|Current|(2002-    )|Peroxides, other||e.g. PhCH2-O-O-tBu;|
E10-A04B2E|Current|(2002-    )|Hydroperoxides, other||e.g. tBu-O-O-H|
E10-A05|Current||Aromatic and cycloaliphatic, aliphatic - with nitrate, nitrite||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A06|Retired|(1970-1993)|Quinone (derivative)*|E10-A06A, E10-A06B|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A06A and E10-A06B as of 199401.|
E10-A06A|Current|(1994-    )|Quinone|E10-A06||
E10-A06B|Current|(1994-    )|Quinone derivative (except those with higher priority)|E10-A06||
E10-A07|Current||Sugar||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s). This code includes all derivatives except those of higher priority. Sugars containing free ketonic or aldehyde function are coded in open chain (not cyclic) form. For example, glucose is coded E10-A07 but methyl glucoside is coded E07-A02H.|
E10-A07A|Current|(2005-    )|Unmodified sugar||Including ethers and esters thereof|
E10-A07B|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar alcohol||Including ethers and esters thereof|
E10-A07C|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar acid||Including ethers and esters thereof|
E10-A07D|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar amine|||
E10-A07E|Current|(2005-    )|Other sugar derivatives|||
E10-A08|Current||Aromatic and cycloaliphatic, aliphatic - with amide of sulfur acid [general]|||
E10-A08A|Current|(1986-    )|Aromatic and cycloaliphatic, aliphatic - with amide of sulfur acid - aromatic ring to N|||
E10-A08B|Current|(1986-    )|Aromatic and cycloaliphatic, aliphatic - with amide of sulfur acid - aromatic ring to S|||
E10-A08C|Current|(1986-    )|Aromatic and cyclo aliphatic (mono + bicyclic only), aliphatic - with amide of sulfur acid, other|||
E10-A09A|Current||Sulphuric(ous) acid||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s). This code includes all derivatives except those of higher priority.|
E10-A09A1|Current|(2005-    )|Ether sulfates||Sulfuric acid esters of ethoxylated alcohols|
E10-A09A2|Current|(2005-    )|Aliphatic sulfates|||
E10-A09A3|Current|(2005-    )|Aromatic sulfates|||
E10-A09A4|Current|(2005-    )|Other derivatives|||
E10-A09B|Current||Sulphonic acid [general]||Codes E10-A09B to E10-A09B5 include all derivatives except those of higher priority and oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A09B1|Current|(1975-    )|(Thio)sulphonic ester, halide, anhydride; thiosulphonic acid|||
E10-A09B2|Current|(1975-    )|Sulphonic acid - with hetero group (atom) [general]|||
E10-A09B3|Current|(1975-    )|Sulphonic acid - with no hetero group (atom), production|||
E10-A09B4|Current|(1975-    )|Aromatic sulphonic acid - with no hetero group (atom), use|||
E10-A09B5|Current|(1975-    )|(Cyclo)aliphatic sulphonic acid - with no hetero group (atom), use|||
E10-A09B6|Current|(1986-    )|Sulphonic acid with fused ring(s) present|||
E10-A09B7|Current|(1986-    )|Sulphonic acid with single ring(s) present|||
E10-A09B8|Current|(1986-    )|Sulphonic acid with no ring(s) present||N.B. These last three codes are subdivisions of E10-A09B2|
E10-A09C|Current||Other S acid||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s). This code includes all derivatives except those of higher priority.|
E10-A10|Current||Sulphone, sulphoxide [general]||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A10A|Current|(1986-    )|Sulphoxide|||
E10-A10B|Current|(1986-    )|Diaryl sulphone||Both aryl groups attached directly to one -SO2 -.|
E10-A10C|Current|(1986-    )|Monoaryl sulphone||Aryl group attached directly to -SO2 -|
E10-A10D|Current|(1986-    )|Other sulphone, sulphoxide|||
E10-A11A|Retired|(1970-1993)|Thiocarbonic acid*|E10-A11A1, E10-A11A2|*Codes E10-A11A to E10-A12C2 include all corresponding derivatives except those of higher priority|
E10-A11A1|Current|(1994-    )|Thiocarbonic acid, production|E10-A11A||
E10-A11A2|Current|(1994-    )|Thiocarbonic acid, use|E10-A11A||
E10-A11B|Retired|(1970-1993)|Carbonic acid*|E10-A11B1, E10-A11B2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A11B1 and E10-A11B2 as of 199401.|
E10-A11B1|Current|(1994-    )|Carbonic acid, production|E10-A11B||
E10-A11B2|Current|(1994-    )|Carbonic acid, use|E10-A11B||
E10-A12A|Retired|(1970-1993)|Dithiocarbamic acid*|E10-A12A1, E10-A12A2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A12A1 and E10-A12A2 as of 199401.|
E10-A12A1|Current|(1994-    )|Dithiocarbamic acid, production|E10-A12A||
E10-A12A2|Current|(1994-    )|Dithiocarbamic acid, use|E10-A12A||
E10-A12B|Retired|(1970-1993)|Monothiocarbamic acid*|E10-A12B1, E10-A12B2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A12B1 and E10-A12B2 as of 199401.|
E10-A12B1|Current|(1994-    )|Monothiocarbamic acid, production|E10-A12B||
E10-A12B2|Current|(1994-    )|Monothiocarbamic acid, use|E10-A12B||
E10-A12C|Retired|(1970-1993)|Carbamic acid*|E10-A12C1, E10-A12C2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A12C1 and E10-A1CB2 as of 199401.|
E10-A12C1|Current|(1994-    )|Carbamic acid, production|E10-A12C||
E10-A12C2|Current|(1994-    )|Carbamic acid, use|E10-A12C||
E10-A13A|Retired|(1970-1993)|(Iso)thiourea*|E10-A13A1, E10-A13A2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A13A1 and E10-A13A2 as of 199401.|
E10-A13A1|Current|(1994-    )|(Iso)thiourea, production|E10-A13A||
E10-A13A2|Current|(1994-    )|(Iso)thiourea, use|E10-A13A||
E10-A13B|Retired|(1970-1993)|(Iso)urea*|E10-A13B1, E10-A13B2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A13B1 and E10-A13B2 as of 199401.|
E10-A13B1|Current|(1994-    )|(Iso)urea, production|E10-A13B||
E10-A13B2|Current|(1994-    )|(Iso)urea, use|E10-A13B||
E10-A14|Retired|(1970-1993)|(Iso)cyanate, nitrile oxide*|E10-A14A, E10-A14B|*Oxygen atom may be replaced by sulphur atom.|
E10-A14A|Current|(1994-    )|(Iso)cyanate, nitrile oxide, production|E10-A14|Oxygen atom may be replaced by sulphur atom.|
E10-A14B|Current|(1994-    )|(Iso)cyanate, nitrile oxide, use|E10-A14|Oxygen atom may be replaced by sulphur atom.|
E10-A15|Current||(Iso)cyanide [general]|||
E10-A15A|Current|(1975-    )|Poly(iso)cyanide and monoisocyanide|||
E10-A15B|Current|(1975-    )|Cyanide with aliphatic unsaturation, production|||
E10-A15C|Current|(1975-    )|Cyanide with aliphatic unsaturation, use|||
E10-A15D|Current|(1975-    )|Other cyanide, production with CN formation|||
E10-A15E|Current|(1975-    )|Other cyanide, production without CN formation||-CN group is in a starting material and remains bonded to the same atom when in the product.|
E10-A15F|Current|(1975-    )|Other cyanide, use|||
E10-A16|Retired|(1970-1993)|Azide, azo, diazo(nium)*|E10-A16A, E10-A16B|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A16A and E10-A16B as of 199401.|
E10-A16A|Current|(1994-    )|Azide, azo, diazo(nium), production|E10-A16||
E10-A16B|Current|(1994-    )|Azide, azo, diazo(nium), use|E10-A16||
E10-A17|Retired|(1970-1993)|Biguanide, guanidine, amidine*|E10-A17A, 10-A17B|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A17A and E10-A17B as of 199401.|
E10-A17A|Current|(1994-    )|Biguanide, guanidine, amidine, production|E10-A17||
E10-A17B|Current|(1994-    )|Biguanide, guanidine, amidine, use|E10-A17||
E10-A18|Retired|(1970-1993)|Hydroxylamine*|E10-A18A, E10-A18B|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A18A and E10-A18B as of 199401.|
E10-A18A|Current|(1994-    )|Hydroxylamine, production|E10-A18||
E10-A18B|Current|(1994-    )|Hydroxylamine, use|E10-A18||
E10-A19|Retired|(1970-1993)|Hydrazine*|E10-A19A, E10-A19B|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A19A and E10-A19B as of 199401.|
E10-A19A|Current|(1994-    )|Hydrazine, production|E10-A19|Covers hydrazines and hydrazones production. Hydrazine itself is inorganic, so one end at least must be attached to an organic residue. Inorganic hydrazine codes E31-H04.|
E10-A19B|Current|(1994-    )|Hydrazine, use|E10-A19|Covers hydrazines and hydrazones use. Hydrazine itself is inorganic, so one end at least must be attached to an organic residue. Inorganic hydrazine codes E31-H04.|
E10-A20|Retired|(1970-1993)|Imine*|E10-A20A, E10-A20B|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-A20A and E10-A20B as of 199401.|
E10-A20A|Current|(1994-    )|Imine, production|E10-A20||
E10-A20B|Current|(1994-    )|Imine, use|E10-A20||
E10-A21|Current||Quaternary ammonium (bis or poly)||Where a patent claims amines and their quaternary ammonium salts, only the code corresponding to the parent amine is applied. Thus to obtain all relevant quaternary compounds, two searches must be made.|
E10-A22|Current||Quaternary ammonium (mono) [general]|||
E10-A22A|Current|(1986-    )|Quaternary ammonium (mono) with aromatic ring present|||
E10-A22B|Current|(1986-    )|Quaternary ammonium (mono) with no aromatic ring [general]|||
E10-A22C|Current|(1986-    )|Quaternary ammonium (mono) with no aromatic ring - with amine|||
E10-A22D|Current|(1986-    )|Quaternary ammonium (mono) with no aromatic ring - with acid (derivative)|||
E10-A22E|Current|(1986-    )|Quaternary ammonium (mono) with no aromatic ring - with OH, ether|||
E10-A22F|Current|(1986-    )|Quaternary ammonium (mono) with no aromatic ring - with other hetero group (atom)|||
E10-A22G|Current|(1986-    )|Quaternary ammonium (mono) with no aromatic ring - with no hetero atom(s)|||
E10-A23|Retired|(1970-1993)|Acetal, ketal*|E10-A23A, 10-A23B|*Including those with C atom in a ring. Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A23A|Current|(1994-    )|Acetal, ketal, production|E10-A23|Including those with C atom in a ring. Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A23B|Current|(1994-    )|Acetal, ketal, use|E10-A23|Including those with C atoms in a ring. Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A24|Retired|(1970-1993)|Imide*|E10-A24A, E10-A24B|*Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A24A|Current|(1994-    )|Imide, production|E10-A24|Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A24B|Current|(1994-    )|Imide, use|E10-A24|Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A25|Retired|(1970-1993)|Acid anhydride, halide (carboxylic only)*|E10-A25A1, E10-A25A2, E10-A25B1, E10-A25B2|*Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A25A1|Current|(1994-    )|Acid anhydride, production|E10-A25|Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A25A2|Current|(1994-    )|Acid anhydride, use|E10-A25|Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A25B1|Current|(1994-    )|Acid halide, production|E10-A25|Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-A25B2|Current|(1994-    )|Acid halide, use|E10-A25|Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-B|Current||Amines|||
E10-B01|Current|(1986-    )|Polyamine [general]|||
E10-B01A|Current||Polyamine, at least 1 amine aromatic [general]||i.e. Amino N on aromatic ring C.|
E10-B01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Polyamine, at least 1 amine aromatic - with acid (derivative)|||
E10-B01A2|Current|(1986-    )|Polyamine, at least 1 amine aromatic - with OH, ether|||
E10-B01A3|Current|(1986-    )|Other polyamine, at least 1 amine aromatic, production|||
E10-B01A4|Current|(1986-    )|Other polyamine, at least 1 amine aromatic, use|||
E10-B01B|Current||Polyamine with no amine aromatic [general]|||
E10-B01C|Current|(1975-    )|Polyamine with no amine aromatic - with carboxylic acid, ester or amide group|||
E10-B01C1|Current|(2002-    )|With carboxylic acid group|||
E10-B01C2|Current|(2002-    )|With carboxylic acid ester group|||
E10-B01C3|Current|(2002-    )|With carboxylic acid amide group|||
E10-B01D|Current|(1975-    )|Polyamine with no amine aromatic - with hydroxy, mercapto or (thio)ether group|||
E10-B01E|Current|(1975-    )|Other polyamine with no amine aromatic|||
E10-B02|Current|(1986-    )|Amino-acid, -ester or -amide [general]|||
E10-B02A|Current||Aromatic amino-acid, -ester or -amide (amine aromatic)||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-B02A1|Current|(2002-    )|With carboxylic acid group|||
E10-B02A2|Current|(2002-    )|With carboxylic acid ester group|||
E10-B02A3|Current|(2002-    )|With carboxylic acid amide group|||
E10-B02B|Current||Amino-acid, -ester or -amide (amine not aromatic) [general]||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-B02C|Current|(1975-    )|Amino-acid, -ester or -amide (amine not aromatic) - mixtures with at least 3 natural amino acids|||
E10-B02D|Current|(1975-    )|Alpha-amino acid with unsubstituted amino group [general]|||
E10-B02D1|Current|(1986-    )|Alpha-amino acid with unsubstituted amino group - containing S in side chain||e.g. Cys, Met|
E10-B02D2|Current|(1986-    )|Alpha-amino acid with unsubstituted amino group - containing benzene and phenolic OH in side chain||e.g. Tyr|
E10-B02D3|Current|(1986-    )|Alpha-amino acid with unsubstituted amino group - with only one side-chain benzyl unsubstituted||i.e. Phe|
E10-B02D4|Current|(1986-    )|Alpha-amino acid with unsubstituted amino group - containing alcohol (derivative) in side chain||e.g. Ser, Thr|
E10-B02D5|Current|(1986-    )|Alpha-amino acid with unsubstituted amino group - containing acid (derivative) in side chain||e.g. Asp, Glu|
E10-B02D6|Current|(1986-    )|Alpha-amino acid with unsubstituted amino group - with only one side-chain alkyl unsubstituted||e.g. Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Val|
E10-B02D7|Current|(1986-    )|Alpha-amino acid with unsubstituted amino group, other [exc. E10-B02B - E10-B02D6]|||
E10-B02D8|Current|(1986-    )|Secondary, tertiary amine|||
E10-B02E|Current|(1975-    )|Amino-acid, -ester or -amide (amine not aromatic), others||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-B03|Current|(1986-    )|Amino-phenol, -alcohol or -ether [general]||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-B03A|Current||Amino-phenol, -alcohol or -ether (amine aromatic)||N directly attached to aromatic ring; Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-B03A1|Current|(2002-    )|Aromatic amino-phenol|||
E10-B03A2|Current|(2002-    )|Aromatic amino-alcohol||e.g. Ph-NH-C2H4-OH|
E10-B03A3|Current|(2002-    )|Aromatic amino-ether||e.g. Ph-NH-C2H4-OR|
E10-B03B|Current||Amino-phenol, -alcohol or -ether (amine not aromatic)||N NOT directly attached to aromatic ring; Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-B03B1|Current|(2002-    )|Amino-phenol||e.g. NH2C2H4-O-p C6H4-OH|
E10-B03B2|Current|(2002-    )|Amino-alcohol||Includes mono, di and tri alkanolamines e.g. NH2-C2H4-OH|
E10-B03B3|Current|(2002-    )|Aminopolyether||e.g. NH2-(C2H4-O)n -R|
E10-B03B4|Current|(2002-    )|Amino-ether||e.g. NH2-C2H4-OR|
E10-B04|Current|(1986-    )|Amine mono [general]|||
E10-B04A|Retired|(1970-1993)|Other aromatic amine*|E10-B04A1, E10-B04A2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-B04A1 and E10-B04A2 as of 199401.|
E10-B04A1|Current|(1994-    )|Other aromatic amine, production|E10-B04A||
E10-B04A2|Current|(1994-    )|Other aromatic amine, use|E10-B04A||
E10-B04B|Current||Other non-aromatic amine [general]|||
E10-B04C|Current|(1975-    )|Other non-aromatic amine, production|||
E10-B04C1|Current|(2002-    )|Primary amine|||
E10-B04C2|Current|(2002-    )|Secondary or tertiary amine|||
E10-B04D|Current|(1975-    )|Unsubstituted aliphatic amine, use||Excluding cycloaliphatic|
E10-B04D1|Current|(2002-    )|Primary amine|||
E10-B04D2|Current|(2002-    )|Secondary or tertiary amine|||
E10-B04E|Current|(1975-    )|Other non-aromatic amine, use||Including cycloaliphatic, substituted aliphatic|
E10-B04E1|Current|(2002-    )|Primary amine|||
E10-B04E2|Current|(2002-    )|Secondary or tertiary amine|||
E10-C|Current||Carboxylic acids|||
E10-C01|Current||Thio-carboxylic acids|||
E10-C02|Current||Poly-carboxylic acids [general]|||
E10-C02A|Current|(1975-    )|Citric or isocitric acid|||
E10-C02B|Current|(1975-    )|Other polycarboxylic acids with more than 2 carboxy groups|||
E10-C02C|Retired|(1975-1993)|Dicarboxylic acids with carbocyclic ring(s)*|E10-C02C1, E10-C02C2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-C02C1 and E10-C02C2 as of 199401.|
E10-C02C1|Current|(1994-    )|Dicarboxylic acids with carbocyclic ring(s), production|E10-C02C||
E10-C02C1A|Current|(2010-    )|Di-CA with aromatic ring, production(modified version)|E10-C02C1||
E10-C02C1B|Current|(2010-    )|Di-CA with cycloaliphatic ring, production (modified version)|E10-C02C2||
E10-C02C2|Current|(1994-    )|Dicarboxylic acids with carbocyclic ring(s), use|E10-C02C||
E10-C02C2A|Current|(2010-    )|Di-CA with aromatic ring, use (modified version)|E10-C02C1||
E10-C02C2B|Current|(2010-    )|Di-CA with cycloaliphatic ring, use (modified version)|E10-C02C2||
E10-C02D|Retired|(1975-1993)|Oxalic acid; unsubstituted alkylene dicarboxylic acids*|E10-C02D1, E10-C02D2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-C02D1 and E10-C02D2 as of 199401.|
E10-C02D1|Current|(1994-    )|Oxalic acid|E10-C02D||
E10-C02D2|Current|(1994-    )|Unsubstituted alkylene dicarboxylic acids|E10-C02D||
E10-C02E|Current|(1975-    )|Other dicarboxylic acids, production|||
E10-C02F|Current|(1975-    )|Other dicarboxylic acids, use|||
E10-C03|Current||Carboxylic acids with phenol or phenolic ester or ether group(s)||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-C04|Current|(1986-    )|Other carboxylic acid [general]|||
E10-C04A|Current||Carboxylic acids with cycloaliphatic ring system|||
E10-C04B|Current||Hydroxy, aldehyde or ketonic carboxylic acids (or ethers thereof) with an aromatic ring||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-C04C|Current||Other carboxylic acids with aromatic ring|||
E10-C04D|Current||Acyclic hydroxy, aldehyde or ketonic carboxylic acids and acyclic ether thereof [general]||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-C04D1|Current|(1986-    )|Acyclic hydroxy, aldehyde or ketonic carboxylic acids (inc. acyclic ether) - aldehyde, ketone present|||
E10-C04D2|Current|(1986-    )|Acyclic hydroxy, aldehyde or ketonic carboxylic acids (inc. acyclic ether) - S present|||
E10-C04D3|Current|(1986-    )|Acyclic hydroxy, aldehyde or ketonic carboxylic acids (inc. acyclic ether) - ether present|||
E10-C04D4|Current|(1986-    )|Acyclic hydroxy, aldehyde or ketonic carboxylic acids (inc. acyclic ether) - alpha OH acid|||
E10-C04D5|Current|(1986-    )|Acyclic hydroxy, aldehyde or ketonic carboxylic acids (inc. acyclic ether) - other OH acid|||
E10-C04E|Current||Other acyclic mono-carboxylic acids [general]|||
E10-C04F|Current|(1975-    )|Substituted acyclic acid|||
E10-C04G|Current|(1975-    )|(Meth)acrylic acid|||
E10-C04G1|Current|(2002-    )|(Meth)acrylic acid, production|||
E10-C04G1A|Current|(2002-    )|Acrylic acid, production||Specifically AA production|
E10-C04G1B|Current|(2002-    )|Methacrylic acid, production||Specifically MA production|
E10-C04G2|Current|(2002-    )|(Meth)acrylic acid, use|||
E10-C04G2A|Current|(2002-    )|Acrylic acid, use||Use of AA Specifically|
E10-C04G2B|Current|(2002-    )|Methacrylic acid, use||Use of MA Specifically|
E10-C04H|Current|(1975-    )|Other unsaturated unsubstituted acid|||
E10-C04J|Retired|(1975-1993)|Formic, acetic acid*|E10-C04J1, E10-C04J2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-C04J1 and E10-C04J2 as of 199401.|
E10-C04J1|Current|(1994-    )|Formic acid|E10-C04J||
E10-C04J1P|Current|(2002-    )|Formic acid, production|||
E10-C04J1U|Current|(2002-    )|Formic acid, use|||
E10-C04J2|Current|(1994-    )|Acetic acid|E10-C04J||
E10-C04J2P|Current|(2002-    )|Acetic acid, production|||
E10-C04J2U|Current|(2002-    )|Acetic acid, use|||
E10-C04K|Current|(1975-    )|Other acyclic mono-carboxylic acid, production|||
E10-C04L|Current|(1975-    )|Other acyclic mono-carboxylic acid, use [general]|||
E10-C04L1|Current|(1986-    )|Other 2-9c acyclic mono-carboxylic acid||Excluding C of carboxy.|
E10-C04L2|Current|(1986-    )|Other 10+c acyclic mono-carboxylic acid||Excluding C of carboxy.|
E10-D|Current||Aldehydes and carboxylic amides|||
E10-D01|Current||Aldehyde [general]||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-D01A|Current|(1975-    )|(Meth)acrolein, production|||
E10-D01B|Current|(1975-    )|Other aldehyde [exc. (meth)acrolein], production by olefin oxidation|||
E10-D01C|Current|(1975-    )|Other aldehyde [exc. (meth)acrolein], production by other methods||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-D01D|Current|(1975-    )|Aldehyde - use||Oxygen atom(s) may be replaced by sulphur atom(s).|
E10-D02|Current||Carboxylic amide, thio|||
E10-D03|Current||Carboxylic amide [general]|||
E10-D03A|Current|(1975-    )|Polyamide|||
E10-D03A1|Current|(2011-    )|Polyamides containing aromatic ring(s)|||
E10-D03A2|Current|(2011-    )|Polyamides not containing aromatic ring(s)|||
E10-D03B|Current|(1975-    )|Carboxylic amide containing phenol group(s)|||
E10-D03C|Current|(1975-    )|Carboxylic amide of unsubstituted fatty acid, optionally unsaturated, optionally N substituted|||
E10-D03C1|Current|(2002-    )|Formamides, opt. N-substituted|||
E10-D03C2|Current|(2002-    )|Amide of >1C unsubstituted fatty acid opt unsaturated, N-subst by poly ether||Including polyetheralcohols, esters; e.g. R-CO1-N (-R'-O)n-R' R' = H, C, -CO1-R, etc.|
E10-D03C3|Current|(2002-    )|Amide of >1C unsubstituted fatty acid opt unsaturated, opt N-substituted||Excluding N-polyether derivatives (coded E10-D03C2)|
E10-D03D|Current|(1975-    )|Carboxylic amide, others|||
E10-E|Current||Hydroxy compounds||Within section E10-E02 the term naphthol includes all aromatic bicyclic compounds with phenolic OH. e.g. 1H-Inden-4-ol or 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol.|
E10-E01|Current||Thiophenol|||
E10-E01P|Current|(2002-    )|Thiophenols, thionaphthols - production|||
E10-E01U|Current|(2002-    )|Thiophenols, thionaphthols - use|||
E10-E02|Retired|(1970-1993)|Phenol [general]*|E10-E02P, E10-E02U|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-E02P and E10-E02U as of 199401.|
E10-E02A|Current|(1975-    )|Polyphenol, polynaphthol, production|||
E10-E02B|Retired|(1975-1993)|Phenol or naphthol (optionally substituted only by hydrocarbyl) production*|E10-E02B1, E10-E02B2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-E02B1 and E10-E02B2 as of 199401.|
E10-E02B1|Current|(1994-    )|Phenol (optionally substituted only by hydrocarbyl) production|E10-E02B||
E10-E02B2|Current|(1994-    )|Naphthol (optionally substituted only by hydrocarbyl) production|E10-E02B||
E10-E02C|Retired|(1975-1993)|Other phenol, production*|E10-E02C1, E10-E02C2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-E02C1 and E10-E02C2 as of 199401.|
E10-E02C1|Current|(1994-    )|Other phenol, production|E10-E02C||
E10-E02C2|Current|(1994-    )|Other naphthol, production|E10-E02C||
E10-E02D|Current|(1975-    )|Polyphenol, polynaphthol, use [general]|||
E10-E02D1|Current|(1986-    )|Polyphenol, polynaphthol - nitro, S, X present|||
E10-E02D2|Current|(1986-    )|Polyphenol, polynaphthol - O present (other than phenol)|||
E10-E02D3|Current|(1986-    )|Polyphenol, polynaphthol - with 3 or more phenolic OH|||
E10-E02D4|Current|(1986-    )|Polyphenol, polynaphthol - with 2 phenolic OH and 2 or more ring systems|||
E10-E02D5|Current|(1986-    )|Polyphenol, polynaphthol - with 2 phenolic OH and 1 ring system|||
E10-E02E|Retired|(1975-1993)|Phenol or naphthol (optionally substituted only by hydrocarbyl), use*|E10-E02E1, E10-E02E2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-E02E1 and E10-E02E2 as of 199401.|
E10-E02E1|Current|(1994-    )|Phenol (optionally substituted only by hydrocarbyl) use|E10-E02E||
E10-E02E2|Current|(1994-    )|Naphthol (optionally substituted only by hydrocarbyl) use|E10-E02E||
E10-E02F|Retired|(1975-1993)|Other phenol, use*|E10-E02F1, E10-E02F2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-E02F1 and E10-E02F2 as of 199401.|
E10-E02F1|Current|(1994-    )|Other phenol, use|E10-E02F||
E10-E02F2|Current|(1994-    )|Other naphthol, use|E10-E02F||
E10-E02P|Current|(1994-    )|Phenol, naphthol [general] production|E10-E02||
E10-E02U|Current|(1994-    )|Phenol, naphthol [general] use|E10-E02||
E10-E03|Current||Thioalcohol|||
E10-E03A|Current|(2002-    )|Polythiol contg. carboxylic ester gp, production|||
E10-E03B|Current|(2002-    )|Unsubstituted alkane polythiol, production|||
E10-E03C|Current|(2002-    )|Other polymercaptoalkanes, production|||
E10-E03D|Current|(2002-    )|Monothiol containing carboxylic ester gp, production|||
E10-E03E|Current|(2002-    )|Unsubstituted alkanethiol, production|||
E10-E03F|Current|(2002-    )|Other alkanethiol production|||
E10-E03G|Current|(2002-    )|Polythiol contg. carboxylic ester gp, use|||
E10-E03H|Current|(2002-    )|Unsubstituted alkane polythiol, use|||
E10-E03J|Current|(2002-    )|Other polymercaptoalkanes, use|||
E10-E03K|Current|(2002-    )|Monothiol containing carboxylic ester gp, use|||
E10-E03L|Current|(2002-    )|Unsubstituted alkanethiol, use|||
E10-E03M|Current|(2002-    )|Other alkanethiol, use|||
E10-E03P|Current|(2014-    )|Thiol production, general||Covers very generic information, or when three or more thiol production codes are applicable|
E10-E03U|Current|(2014-    )|Thiol use, general||Covers very generic information, or when three or more thiol use codes are applicable|
E10-E04|Current||Alcohol [general]|||
E10-E04A|Current|(1975-    )|Polyhydric alcohol containing carboxylic ester group(s), production|||
E10-E04B|Current|(1975-    )|Unsubstituted polyhydroxy-alkane, production|||
E10-E04C|Current|(1975-    )|Other polyhydric alcohol, production|||
E10-E04C1|Current|(2002-    )|Polyetherpolyol, production||Incl polyglycol-, polyglyceryl-, ethers|
E10-E04C2|Current|(2002-    )|Other polyhydric alcohol, production|||
E10-E04D|Current|(1975-    )|Monohydric alcohol containing carboxylic ester group(s), production|||
E10-E04D1|Current|(2002-    )|Monohydric contg polyetherpolyol carboxylic ester gp(s), production||[RCO(-O-R')n-O]m-R-OH (m>0, n>1)|
E10-E04D2|Current|(2002-    )|Other monohydric alcohol containing carboxylic ester(s), production|||
E10-E04E|Current|(1975-    )|Unsubstituted alkanol, production [general]|||
E10-E04E1|Current|(1986-    )|Methanol, production|||
E10-E04E2|Current|(1986-    )|Ethanol, production|||
E10-E04E3|Current|(1986-    )|Propanols, butanols, production|||
E10-E04E4|Current|(1986-    )|Unsubstituted alkanol with 5-10C, production|||
E10-E04E5|Current|(1986-    )|Unsubstituted alkanol with 11 or more C, production|||
E10-E04F|Current|(1975-    )|Other monohydric alcohol, production|||
E10-E04G|Current|(1975-    )|Polyhydric alcohol containing carboxylic ester group(s), use|||
E10-E04H|Current|(1975-    )|Unsubstituted polyhydroxy-alkane, use|||
E10-E04H1|Current|(2005-    )|Diol|||
E10-E04H2|Current|(2005-    )|Triol|||
E10-E04H3|Current|(2005-    )|4 or more hydroxy||Not including sugar alcohol (see E10-A07B).|
E10-E04J|Current|(1975-    )|Other polyhydric alcohol, use|||
E10-E04J1|Current|(2005-    )|Ring present|||
E10-E04J2|Current|(2005-    )|Ketone, nitro, halogen or unsatn. Present|||
E10-E04J3|Current|(2005-    )|Ether present, poly|||
E10-E04J4|Current|(2005-    )|Ether present, mono|||
E10-E04K|Current|(1975-    )|Monohydric alcohol containing carboxylic ester group(s), use|||
E10-E04L|Current|(1975-    )|Unsubstituted alkanol, use [general]|||
E10-E04L1|Current|(1986-    )|Methanol, use|||
E10-E04L2|Current|(1986-    )|Ethanol, use|||
E10-E04L3|Current|(1986-    )|Propanols, butanols, use|||
E10-E04L4|Current|(1986-    )|Unsubstituted alkanol with 5-10C, use|||
E10-E04L5|Current|(1986-    )|Unsubstituted alkanol with 11 or more C, use|||
E10-E04M|Current|(1975-    )|Other monohydric alcohol, use [general]|||
E10-E04M1|Current|(1986-    )|Other monohydric alcohol with ring(s) present|||
E10-E04M2|Current|(1986-    )|Other monohydric alcohol - ketone, nitro, halogen or unsaturation present|||
E10-E04M3|Current|(1986-    )|Other monohydric alcohol - ether present, poly|||
E10-E04M4|Current|(1986-    )|Other monohydric alcohol - ether present, mono|||
E10-F|Current||Ketones|||
E10-F01|Current||Thioketone|||
E10-F02|Current||Ketone [general]|||
E10-F02A|Current|(1975-    )|Ketone with carbocyclic ring(s) [general]|||
E10-F02A1|Current|(1986-    )|Ketone on ring|||
E10-F02A2|Current|(1986-    )|Ketone on chain of aromatic compound|||
E10-F02A3|Current|(1986-    )|Ketone on chain of alicyclic compound|||
E10-F02B|Current|(1975-    )|Other ketone, production|||
E10-F02C|Current|(1975-    )|Other ketone, use|||
E10-G|Current||Carboxylic esters and nitro compounds|||
E10-G01|Current||Thiocarboxylic ester|||
E10-G02|Current||Carboxylic ester [general]|||
E10-G02A|Retired|(1975-1993)|Carboxylic ester with carbocyclic ring, production*|E10-G02A1, E10-G02A2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-G02A1 and E10-G02A2 as of 199401.|
E10-G02A1|Current|(1994-    )|Carboxylic ester with aromatic ring, production|E10-G02A||
E10-G02A2|Current|(1994-    )|Carboxylic ester with alicyclic ring, production|E10-G02A||
E10-G02B|Retired|(1975-1993)|Other polyester, production*|E10-G02B1, E10-G02B2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-G02B1 and E10-G02B2 as of 199401.|
E10-G02B1|Current|(1994-    )|Aliphatic polyester with halogen or (thio)ether group(s), production|E10-G02B||
E10-G02B2|Current|(1994-    )|Other aliphatic polyester, production|E10-G02B||
E10-G02C|Current|(1975-    )|Aliphatic monoester with halogen or (thio)ether group(s), production|||
E10-G02D|Current|(1975-    )|Unsaturated monoester, production|||
E10-G02D1|Current|(2002-    )|Monoesters of unsaturated alcohols and unsaturated acids, production|||
E10-G02D2|Current|(2002-    )|Other monoesters of unsaturated alcohols, production|||
E10-G02D3|Current|(2002-    )|(Meth)acrylic acid esters, production|||
E10-G02D4|Current|(2002-    )|Monoesters of other unsaturated acids, production|||
E10-G02E|Current|(1975-    )|Other aliphatic monoester, production|||
E10-G02F|Retired|(1975-1993)|Ester with carbocyclic ring(s), use*|E10-G02F1, E10-G02F2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-G02F1 and E10-G02F2 as of 199401.|
E10-G02F1|Current|(1994-    )|Ester with aromatic ring, use|E10-G02F||
E10-G02F2|Current|(1994-    )|Ester with alicyclic ring, use|E10-G02F||
E10-G02G|Retired|(1975-1993)|Other polyester, use*|E10-G02G1, E10-G02G2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-G02H1 and E10-G02H2 as of 199401.|
E10-G02G1|Current|(1994-    )|Aliphatic polyester with halogen or (thio)ether group(s), use|E10-G02G||
E10-G02G2|Current|(1994-    )|Other aliphatic polyester, use|E10-G02G||
E10-G02H|Retired|(1975-1993)|Other monoester, use*|E10-G02H1, E10-G02H2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-G02G1 and E10-G02G2 as of 199401.|
E10-G02H1|Current|(1994-    )|Aliphatic monoester with halogen or (thio)ether group(s), use|E10-G02H||
E10-G02H2|Current|(1994-    )|Other aliphatic monoester, use|E10-G02H||
E10-G02H2A|Current|(2002-    )|Monoesters of unsaturated alcohols and unsaturated acids, use|||
E10-G02H2B|Current|(2002-    )|Other monoesters of unsaturated alcohols, use|||
E10-G02H2C|Current|(2002-    )|(Meth)acrylic acid esters), use|||
E10-G02H2D|Current|(2002-    )|Monoesters of other unsaturated acids, use|||
E10-G02H2E|Current|(2002-    )|Saturated aliphatic esters (other), use|||
E10-G02P|Current|(2005-    )|Production of ester (gen.)|||
E10-G02U|Current|(2005-    )|Use of ester (gen.)|||
E10-G03|Current|(1994-    )|Nitro compounds, general||One of the more specific codes are always applied in preference, unless 3 or more of them could be applied to the patent|
E10-G03A|Current|(1994-    )|Nitro with carbocyclic ring, production|E10-G03||
E10-G03B|Current|(1994-    )|Other nitro, production|E10-G03||
E10-G03C|Current|(1994-    )|Nitro with carbocyclic ring, use|E10-G03||
E10-G03D|Current|(1994-    )|Other nitro, use|E10-G03||
E10-H|Current||Ethers and halogen compounds|||
E10-H01|Current||Ether and thioether [general]|||
E10-H01A|Current|(1986-    )|Thioether with halogen|||
E10-H01B|Current|(1986-    )|Thioether with no halogen|||
E10-H01C|Current|(1986-    )|Ether with halogen|||
E10-H01D|Current|(1986-    )|Ether with no halogen, poly|||
E10-H01E|Current|(1986-    )|Ether with no halogen, mono|||
E10-H02|Retired|(1986-1993)|Halogen [general]*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02A|Retired|(1970-1993)|F, bonded to aromatic ring*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02B|Retired|(1970-1993)|F, not bonded to aromatic ring*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02C|Retired|(1970-1993)|Br or I, bonded to aromatic ring*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02D|Retired|(1970-1993)|Br or I, not bonded to aromatic ring*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02E|Retired|(1970-1993)|Cl, bonded to aromatic ring*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02F|Retired|(1970-1993)|Cl, not bonded to aromatic ring [general]*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02G|Retired|(1975-1993)|Cl, not bonded to aromatic ring - containing carbocyclic ring(s); poly-chloro-alkene and -alkyne*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02H|Retired|(1975-1993)|Polychloroalkane*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02J|Retired|(1975-1993)|Monochloro-alkene and -alkyne*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H02K|Retired|(1975-1993)|Monochloro-alkane*||*From 199401, a new set of codes have been applied to halogen compounds which do not follow the same priority system, nor are they a subdivision, of the previous E10-H02 section codes.|
E10-H03|Current|(1994-    )|Halogen [general], production|E10-H02||
E10-H03A|Current|(1994-    )|F only [general], production|E10-H02, E10-H02A, E10-H02B||
E10-H03A1|Current|(1994-    )|F only, F bonded to aromatic ring, production|E10-H02A||
E10-H03A2|Current|(1994-    )|F only, other carbocyclic (inc. F on chain of aromatic ring), production|E10-H02B||
E10-H03A3|Current|(1994-    )|F only, aliphatic, production|E10-H02B||
E10-H03B|Current|(1994-    )|F + Cl only [general], production|E10-H02, E10-H02A, E10-H02B||
E10-H03B1|Current|(1994-    )|F + Cl only, carbocyclic, production|E10-H02A, E10-H02B||
E10-H03B2|Current|(1994-    )|F + Cl only, aliphatic, production|E10-H02B||
E10-H03C|Current|(1994-    )|Cl only [general], production|E10-H02, E10-H02E, E10-H02F||
E10-H03C1|Current|(1994-    )|Cl only, Cl bonded to aromatic ring, production|E10-H02E||
E10-H03C2|Current|(1994-    )|Cl only, other carbocyclic (inc. Cl on chain of aromatic ring), production|E10-H02F, E10-H02G||
E10-H03C3|Current|(1994-    )|Cl only, unsaturated aliphatic, production|E10-H02G, E10-H02H||
E10-H03C4|Current|(1994-    )|Polychloroalkane, production|E10-H02H||
E10-H03C5|Current|(1994-    )|Monochloroalkane, production|E10-H02K||
E10-H03D|Current|(1994-    )|Other halogen compound [general], production|E10-H02||
E10-H03D1|Current|(1994-    )|Other halogen compound, carbocyclic, production|E10-H02A, E10-H02B, E10-H02C, E10-H02D||
E10-H03D2|Current|(1994-    )|Other halogen compound, aliphatic, production|E10-H02B, E10-H02D||
E10-H04|Current|(1994-    )|Halogen [general], use|E10-H02||
E10-H04A|Current|(1994-    )|F only [general], use|E10-H02, E10-H02A, E10-H02B||
E10-H04A1|Current|(1994-    )|F only, F bonded to aromatic ring, use|E10-H02A||
E10-H04A2|Current|(1994-    )|F only, other carbocyclic (inc. F on chain of aromatic ring), use|E10-H02B||
E10-H04A3|Current|(1994-    )|F only, aliphatic, use|E10-H02B||
E10-H04B|Current|(1994-    )|F + Cl only [general], use|E10-H02, E10-H02A, E10-H02B||
E10-H04B1|Current|(1994-    )|F + Cl only, carbocyclic, use|E10-H02A, E10-H02B||
E10-H04B2|Current|(1994-    )|F + Cl only, aliphatic, use|E10-H02B||
E10-H04C|Current|(1994-    )|Cl only [general], use|E10-H02, E10-H02E, E10-H02F||
E10-H04C1|Current|(1994-    )|Cl only, bonded to aromatic ring, use|E10-H02E||
E10-H04C2|Current|(1994-    )|Cl only, other carbocyclic (inc. Cl on chain of aromatic ring), use|E10-H02F, E10-H02G||
E10-H04C3|Current|(1994-    )|Cl only, unsaturated aliphatic, use|E10-H02G, E10-H02J||
E10-H04C4|Current|(1994-    )|Polychloroalkane, use|E10-H02H||
E10-H04C5|Current|(1994-    )|Monochloroalkane, use|E10-H02K||
E10-H04D|Current|(1994-    )|Other halogen compound [general], use|E10-H02||
E10-H04D1|Current|(1994-    )|Other halogen compound, carbocyclic, use|E10-H02A, E10-H02B, E10-H02C, E10-H02D||
E10-H04D2|Current|(1994-    )|Other halogen compound, aliphatic, use|E10-H02B, E10-H02D||
E10-J|Current||Hydrocarbons|||
E10-J01|Current||-C-triple-bond-C-, may form part of alicyclic ring|||
E10-J01A|Current|(2012-    )|Alkyne/cycloalkyne production||Alkyne production; cycloalkyne production|
E10-J01B|Current|(2012-    )|Alkyne/cycloalkyne use||Alkyne use; cycloalkyne use|
E10-J02A|Retired|(1970-1993)|Cycloaliphatic ring system present*|E10-J02A1, E10-J02A2|*Code retired, subdivided and searched under E10-J02A1 and E10-J02A2 as of 199401.|
E10-J02A1|Current|(1994-    )|Cycloaliphatic ring system present - production|E10-J02A||
E10-J02A2|Current|(1994-    )|Cycloaliphatic ring system present - use|E10-J02A||
E10-J02B|Current||Hydrocarbons, aromatic [general]|||
E10-J02B1|Current|(1977-    )|Hydrocarbons, aromatic - production by hydrodealkylation or disproportionation|||
E10-J02B2|Current|(1977-    )|Hydrocarbons, aromatic - purification|||
E10-J02B3|Current|(1977-    )|Hydrocarbons, aromatic - other production methods|||
E10-J02B4|Current|(1977-    )|Hydrocarbons, aromatic - uses|||
E10-J02C|Current||Aliphatic olefinic hydrocarbons [general]|||
E10-J02C1|Current|(1977-    )|Aliphatic olefinic hydrocarbons - production by oligomerisation|||
E10-J02C2|Current|(1977-    )|Aliphatic olefinic hydrocarbons - production by disproportionation of other olefins|||
E10-J02C3|Current|(1977-    )|Aliphatic olefinic hydrocarbons - other production methods|||
E10-J02C4|Current|(1977-    )|Aliphatic olefinic hydrocarbons - uses|||
E10-J02D|Current||Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons [general]|||
E10-J02D1|Current|(1986-    )|Methane|||
E10-J02D2|Current|(1986-    )|Ethane, propane, (iso)butane|||
E10-J02D3|Current|(1986-    )|Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons - 5 or more C|||
E11|Current||Processes, apparatus||The codes in this section are applied to patents difficult to code chemically, i.e. insufficient chemical information has been provided. These codes are also used for general processes involving the use or production of organic dyes, pigments or inorganic compounds, and for analysis or treatment processes. E11-A to E11-K are only applied to organic reactions. There are a number of patents (Russia) whose inventive feature is the use made of vat residue, or waste from a production process, of undefined chemical composition. From 199401 the codes applied to these patents include the code E11-T.|
E11-A|Current|(1970-    )|Cyclisation - processes, apparatus|||
E11-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Cyclisation - Processes, Apparatus|||
E11-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Decyclisation (Ring Opening) - Processes, Apparatus|||
E11-B|Retired|(    -2001)|Ring/chain-expansion/contraction - processes, apparatus*|E11-B01, E11-F01, E11-F02, E11-F03, E11-G01, E11-G02|*Code retired, now coded as E11-B01, E11-F01, E11-F02, E11-F03, E11-G01, E11-G02 as of 200201.|
E11-B01|Current|(2002-    )|Ring expansion/contraction|E11-B||
E11-C|Current||Depolymerisation - processes, apparatus|||
E11-D|Current||Hydrogenation, reduction - processes, apparatus||Includes hydrogenolysis|
E11-D01|Current|(2006-    )|Hydrogenation of unsaturated C-C bonds|||
E11-D02|Current|(2006-    )|Hydrogenation Other|||
E11-E|Current||Oxidation, dehydrogenation - processes, apparatus|||
E11-E01|Current|(2006-    )|Oxidation with O2, air|||
E11-E02|Current|(2006-    )|Dehydrogenation of C-C bonds|||
E11-E03|Current|(2006-    )|Other oxidation, dehydrogenation process|||
E11-F|Old|(1970-2005)|Addition reactions general/unclassified|||
E11-F|Current|(2006-    )|Addition or substitution reactions general/unclassified||From 2006 this code has been extended to cover both addition and substitution reactions. Substitution reactions were previously covered in E11-H.|
E11-F01|Current|(2002-    )|Oligomerisation, telomerisation|E11-B||
E11-F01A|Current|(2010-    )|Dimerisation|E11-F01|Dimerisation is a reaction in which two monomers combine to form a dimer. For example, conversion of ethene to butene.|Production by Dimerisation
E11-F02|Current|(2002-    )|Addition reactions of CO and/or CO2; hydroformylation; (oxy)carbonylation; carboxylation; homologation|E11-B||
E11-F02A|Current|(2006-    )|Addition of CO to olefinic bonds (hydroformylation)|||
E11-F02B|Current|(2006-    )|Other Addition reactions of CO(2)|||
E11-F03|Current|(2002-    )|Alkylation, arylation, acylation of C atoms, condensation; other carbon chain extension; reformation|E11-B|See E11-B for chain expansion prior to 2002.|
E11-F04|Current|(2002-    )|Hydration, hydroxylation|||
E11-F05|Current|(2002-    )|Etherification, acetalisation, O-alkylation|||
E11-F06|Current|(2002-    )|Esterification, o-acylation, anhydride formation|||
E11-F07|Current|(2002-    )|Addition of nitrogenous functions,|||
E11-F07A|Current|(2002-    )|Amination, n-alkylation, N-acylation|||
E11-F07B|Current|(2002-    )|Nitration|||
E11-F07C|Current|(2006-    )|Ammonia-Oxidation, Ammoxidation|||
E11-F07D|Current|(2010-    )|Other N processes||Used for other specified nitrogen processes. General references code as E11- F07.|
E11-F08|Current|(2002-    )|(Hydro) halogenation|||
E11-F09|Current|(2002-    )|Addition of sulphur functions||for example, sulphonation|
E11-F10|Current|(2010-    )|Addition of P/Si or any other heteroatom other than O, S and N|E11-F|E.g. Phosphorylation, Silylation, Alkylation of Boron|P, Si, B, As, addition
E11-F10A|Current|(2013-    )|Addition of Phosphorus functions|||
E11-F10B|Current|(2013-    )|Addition of Silicon functions|||
E11-F10C|Current|(2013-    )|Addition of Boron functions|||
E11-F10D|Current|(2013-    )|Addition of other heteroatom functions (other than O, N, S and halogen)|||
E11-F11|Current|(2014-    )|Complex and salt formation reactions||Coordination complex, organo-metallic complex formation reactions and salt formation reactions between acids and counter ions|
E11-G|Current||Elimination reactions [general] - processes, apparatus||Includes cracking.|
E11-G01|Current|(2002-    )|Decarboxylation; decarbonylation|E11-B||
E11-G02|Current|(2002-    )|Cracking; other C-C bond fission|E11-B||
E11-G03|Current|(2002-    )|Hydrolysis|||
E11-G04|Current|(2006-    )|De(hydro)halogenation|||
E11-G05|Current|(2010-    )|Dehydration||Applied in cases where dehydration results in a product formation. E.g. dehydration of ethanol fuel or manufacture of ethylene by dehydration of ethanol|
E11-G06|Current|(2010-    )|Dehydroxylation||removal of Hydroxy groups|
E11-G07|Current|(2010-    )|Deamination||removal of Amine groups|
E11-G08|Current|(2014-    )|Desulfurization||Covers desulfurization which takes place within the molecule to give a new product|
E11-H|Old|(1970-2005)|Substitution/Exchange reactions - general or unclassified||Includes reforming.|
E11-H|Current|(2006-    )|Exchange reactions general or unclassified||From 2006 "substitution reactions" have been transferred to E11-F. Prior to 2006 substitution reactions remain searchable in E11-H.|
E11-H01|Current|(2002-    )|Transesterification; ether/acetal|||
E11-H02|Current|(2006-    )|Olefin Metathesis|||
E11-H03|Current|(2016-    )|Rearrangement Reactions||Any re-arrangement reaction which gives a non-isomeric product e.g. Beckmann Rearrangement.|
E11-J|Current||Isomerisation, racemisation - processes, apparatus|||
E11-J01|Current|(2006-    )|Isomeristaion|||
E11-J02|Current|(2006-    )|Racemisation|||
E11-J03|Current|(2013-    )|Asymmetric synthesis|||
E11-K|Current||General and other chemical processes|||
E11-K01|Current|(2002-    )|Production by combinatorial chemistry||Applied in addition to other (structural) codes|
E11-K02|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus for combinatorial chemistry||Applied in addition to other (structural) codes|
E11-K03|Current|(2010-    )|Green Chemistry||Green chemistry. Applied to a chemical process designed to minimize the production of by-products. The code should only be applied to patents claiming a production process where a stated advantage is that the process is environmentally 'friendly' or that produces fewer by-products. May be used in conjunction with E11-W. See also N07-K01.|
E11-L|Current||Resolution - processes, apparatus|||
E11-M|Current||Fermentation - processes, apparatus|||
E11-N|Current||Electrochemical, electric discharge - processes, apparatus|||
E11-P|Current||Irradiation, photographic - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q|Current||Separation, removal, analysis [general] - processes, apparatus||The following are not in order of priority.|
E11-Q01|Current|(1986-    )|Separation, extraction, recovery, purification - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q01A|Current|(2005-    )|Purification by chemical means|||
E11-Q01B|Current|(2005-    )|Purification by physical means|||
E11-Q01C|Current|(2010-    )|Extraction|E11-Q01|Covers chemical compounds extracted from a plant or organism or any other natural materials.|Production by Extraction
E11-Q02|Current|(1986-    )|Removal, effluent treatment - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q02A|Current|(2005-    )|Engine exhaust treatment|||
E11-Q02B|Current|(2005-    )|Industrial effluent treatment|||
E11-Q02C|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
E11-Q03|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection [general] - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03A|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by mass spectroscopy - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03B|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by NMR, ESR spectroscopy - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03C|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by radio, IR, VIS, UV, raman spectroscopy - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03D|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by X-ray, gamma-ray - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03E|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by chromatography - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03F|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by electrophoresis, electrostatics - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03G|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by microscopy light, electron - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03H|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by sound, ultrasonics - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03J|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by polarography, potentiometry, electrolysis - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03K|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by radioactivity, isotope - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03L|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by colour change (visual) - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03M|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by magnetism - processes, apparatus|||
E11-Q03N|Current|(1986-    )|Analysis, or detection by thermal means - processes, apparatus|||
E11-R|Current||Treatment, dyeing, other physical processes [general]||The following are not in order of priority.|
E11-R01|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment during preparation, manufacture|||
E11-R01A|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment during preparation by addition of compound|||
E11-R01B|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment during preparation by physical process, crystallisation|||
E11-R02|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment after preparation, manufacture|||
E11-R02A|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment after preparation by grinding, particle size reduction|||
E11-R02B|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment after preparation by solvent treatment, crystallisation, particle size increase||For crystallisation prior to 198601 search E11-Q.|
E11-R02C|Current|(1986-    )|Other treatment after preparation, manufacture|||
E11-R03|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing|||
E11-R04|Current|(1986-    )|Other physical process|||
E11-R04A|Current|(2012-    )|Allotropism||E.g. from graphite to diamond|Allotropism
E11-S|Current|(1986-    )|Storage|||
E11-T|Retired|(1994-2009)|Vat residue, waste from production*||*Code retired.|
E11-U|Current|(2005-    )|Suppression|||
E11-V|Current|(2005-    )|Absent|||
E11-W|Current|(2010-    )|Environmentally friendly inventions (compositions / applications)||Only applied in combination with other chemical manual codes. Reference must be made in the published claims to 'environment(al)' or 'carbon-friendly' benefits or improvement(s) of the novelty. May be used in conjunction with E11-K03. See also N06-G.|
E12|Current|(2011-    )|Physical form|||
E12-A|Current|(2011-    )|Solid forms [general]|||
E12-A01|Current|(2011-    )|Crystalline form|||
E12-A02|Current|(2011-    )|Amorphous form|||
E12-A03|Current|(2011-    )|Capsule or microcapsule|||
E12-A04|Current|(2014-    )|Film, sheet||Includes belt, ribbon, plate.|
E12-A05|Current|(2011-    )|Coated form|||
E12-A06|Current|(2012-    )|Pellet|||Pellet
E12-A07|Current|(2012-    )|Powder||Includes dusting powder|Powder
E12-A08|Current|(2012-    )|Particles and particulate forms|||Particulate, particles
E12-A09|Current|(2012-    )|Moulded articles|||Moulded articles
E12-A09A|Current|(2012-    )|Tablets|||Tablet
E12-A09B|Current|(2012-    )|Bars|||Bar
E12-A10|Current|(2012-    )|Foam, expanded/porous forms|||Foam, expanded forms, porous forms
E12-A11|Current|(2012-    )|Laminate|||Laminate
E12-A12|Current|(2012-    )|Whisker, fibre or wire|||Whisker, fibre, wire
E12-A13|Current|(2012-    )|Microspheres; spheres|||Microspheres, spheres
E12-A14|Current|(2013-    )|Flakes|||
E12-B|Current|(2011-    )|Liquid and semi solids forms [general]|||
E12-B01|Current|(2011-    )|Ionic liquids|||
E12-B02|Current|(2011-    )|Solvated form|||
E12-B03|Current|(2011-    )|Emulsion|||
E12-B04|Current|(2011-    )|Dispersion, suspension|||
E12-B05|Current|(2011-    )|Cream, paste|||
E12-B06|Current|(2011-    )|Melt|||
E12-B07|Current|(2012-    )|Liquid crystals|||Liquid crystals
E12-B08|Current|(2012-    )|Gel|||Gel
E12-C|Current|(2011-    )|Gaseous form|||
E12-C01|Current|(2011-    )|Aerosol|||
E12-C02|Current|(2014-    )|Aerogel||Aerogel|
E21|Current||Azo dyes [general]||Includes formazan dyes which are treated as mono-azo dyes.|
E21-A|Current||Azo dyes water-soluble, cationic [general]|||
E21-A01|Current||Water-soluble, cationic monoazo-carbocyclic diazo, carbocyclic coupler|||
E21-A02|Current||Water-soluble, cationic monoazo-carbocyclic diazo, other coupler [exc. carbocyclic]|||
E21-A03|Current||Water-soluble, cationic monoazo-heterocyclic diazo, carbocyclic coupler|||
E21-A04|Current||Water-soluble, cationic monoazo-heterocyclic diazo, other coupler [exc. carbocyclic]|||
E21-A05|Current||Water-soluble, cationic monoazo-cyclic onium type dyes||This code has precedence over codes E21-A01 to E21-A04.|
E21-A06|Current||Water-soluble, cationic disazo dyes|||
E21-A07|Current||Water-soluble, cationic tris- and polyazo dyes|||
E21-B|Current||Azo dyes water-soluble, not cationic [general]|||
E21-B01|Current||Azo dyes water-soluble, not cationic - metallised-1:1 Cr or Co complex|||
E21-B02|Current||Azo dyes water-soluble, not cationic - metallised-1:2 Cr or Co complex containing -SO3(-)|||
E21-B03|Current||Azo dyes water-soluble, not cationic - metallised-1:2 Cr or Co complex not containing -SO3(-)|||
E21-B04|Current||Azo dyes water-soluble, not cationic - other complex (Cu, Ni etc.)|||
E21-B05|Current||Azo dyes water-soluble, not cationic - unmetallised monoazo|||
E21-B06|Current||Azo dyes water-soluble, not cationic - unmetallised disazo|||
E21-B07|Current||Azo dyes water-soluble, not cationic - unmetallised tris- and polyazo|||
E21-C|Current||Azo dyes water insoluble [general]||For monoazo, code diazo- and coupling- components (according to point of attachment of the azo group). This section includes metal sulphonate pigments.|
E21-C01|Current||Water-insoluble, monoazo [general]|||
E21-C02|Current||Water-insoluble, disazo [general]||For codes E21-C20 to E21-C23, the definitions of the letters A, D, E, M, and Z are as follows:-|
E21-C03|Current||Water-insoluble tris(poly)azo|||
E21-C10|Current||Water insoluble monoazo, diazo component - aniline derivative|||
E21-C11|Current||Water insoluble monoazo, diazo component - other carbocyclic systems [exc. aniline]|||
E21-C12|Current||Water insoluble monoazo, diazo component - aminothiazole type||Includes benzthiazoles.|
E21-C13|Current||Water insoluble monoazo, diazo component - other heterocyclic system [exc. aminothiazole type]|||
E21-C14|Current||Monoazo, diazo component - two or more of aniline, carbocyclic, aminothiazole, heterocyclic|||
E21-C15|Current||Water insoluble monoazo, coupling component - benzene derivative|||
E21-C16|Current||Water insoluble monoazo, coupling component - other carbocyclic system|||
E21-C17|Current||Water insoluble monoazo, coupling component - heterocyclic|||
E21-C18|Current||Water insoluble monoazo, coupling component - miscellaneous|||
E21-C19|Current||Monoazo, coupling component - two or more of benzene, carbocyclic, heterocyclic, miscellaneous]|||
E21-C20|Current||Water-insoluble, disazo-type a -->> m -->> e|||
E21-C21|Current||Water-insoluble, disazo-type D -->> (e)2|||
E21-C22|Current||Water-insoluble, disazo-type a -->> z <<-- a|||
E21-C23|Current||Water-insoluble, disazo-other||Includes condensed.|
E21-D|Current||Azo dyes reactive [general]||Not coded in E21-A/B/C. Use all relevant codes between E21-D01 and E21-D09 as appropriate.|
E21-D01|Current||Reactive azo system - triazine type|||
E21-D02|Current||Reactive azo system - other heterocyclic [exc. triazine]|||
E21-D03|Current||Reactive azo system - labile group linked by SO2(nr)|||
E21-D04|Current||Reactive azo system - other systems|||
E21-D05|Current||Chromophore - metallised monoazo Cu, Ni complex|||
E21-D06|Current||Chromophore - metallised dis- and polyazo Cu, Ni complex|||
E21-D07|Current||Chromophore - other metal complex|||
E21-D08|Current||Chromophore - unmetallised monoazo|||
E21-D09|Current||Chromophore - unmetallised dis- and polyazo|||
E21-E|Current||Diazonium compound [general]|||
E22|Current||Anthraquinone dyes [general]||Includes anthraquinone intermediates (which are also coded in section (E1)), compounds containing a condensed anthraquinone ring system, and extended quinones of more than two fused rings.|
E22-A|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-soluble, cationic [general]|||
E22-B|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-soluble, not cationic [general]|||
E22-B01|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-soluble, not cationic with 1-2 substituents|||
E22-B02|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-soluble, not cationic with 3 substituents|||
E22-B03|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-soluble, not cationic with 4 substituents|||
E22-B04|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-soluble, not cationic with 5 substituents|||
E22-B05|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-soluble, not cationic with 6-8 substituents|||
E22-C|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-insoluble [general]|||
E22-C01|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-insoluble with 0-2 substituents|||
E22-C02|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-insoluble with 3 substituents|||
E22-C03|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-insoluble with 4 substituents|||
E22-C04|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-insoluble with 5 substituents|||
E22-C05|Current||Anthraquinone dyes water-insoluble with 6-8 substituents|||
E22-D|Current||Reactive anthraquinone dyes [general]||Not coded in E22-A/B/C.|
E22-D01|Current||Reactive anthraquinone dyes with 1-2 substituents|||
E22-D02|Current||Reactive anthraquinone dyes with 3 substituents|||
E22-D03|Current||Reactive anthraquinone dyes with 4 substituents|||
E22-D04|Current||Reactive anthraquinone dyes with 5 substituents|||
E22-D05|Current||Reactive anthraquinone dyes with 6-8 substituents|||
E22-E|Current||Polycyclic dyes [exc. anthraquinone] [general]|||
E22-E01|Current||Polycyclic dyes with 3-4 rings||Includes derivatives of anthraquinone function.|
E22-E02|Current||Polycyclic dyes with 5-7 rings|||
E22-E03|Current||Polycyclic dyes with 8 or more rings|||
E23|Current||Phthalocyanine (macrocyclic) dyes [general]|||
E23-A|Current||Phthalocyanine (macrocyclic) water-soluble dyes [general]|||
E23-A01|Current||Reactive phthalocyanine (macrocyclic) water-soluble dyes|||
E23-A02|Current||Non-reactive phthalocyanine (macrocyclic) water-soluble dyes|||
E23-B|Current||Phthalocyanine (macrocyclic) water-insoluble dyes [general]|||
E24|Current||Special classes of dyes [general]|||
E24-A|Current||Fluorescent brighteners and dyes [general]|||
E24-A01|Retired|(    -2001)|Stilbene type fluorescent brighteners and dyes*|E24-A04A, E24-A05|*Code retired, now coded as E24-A04A (brighteners) and  E24-A05 (dyes) as of 200201.|
E24-A02|Retired|(    -2001)|Coumarin or benzoxazole type fluorescent brighteners and dyes*|E24-A04B, E24-A05|*Code retired, now coded as E24-A04B (brighteners) and  E24-A05 (dyes) as of 200201.|
E24-A03|Retired|(    -2001)|Other type fluorescent brighteners and dyes*|E24-A04C, E24-A05|*Code retired, now coded as E24-A04C (brighteners) and  E24-A05 (dyes) as of 200201.|
E24-A04|Current|(2002-    )|Fluorescent brighteners, general|E24-A||
E24-A04A|Current|(2002-    )|Stilbene type|E24-A01||
E24-A04B|Current|(2002-    )|Coumarin or benzoxazole type|E24-A02||
E24-A04C|Current|(2002-    )|Other type|E24-A03||
E24-A05|Current|(2002-    )|Fluorescent dyes|E24-A||
E24-A06|Current|(2005-    )|Luminescent dyes (gen.)|||
E24-A06A|Current|(2005-    )|Luminescent compounds containing metals|||
E24-A06B|Current|(2005-    )|Luminescent heterocyclics|||
E24-A06C|Current|(2005-    )|Other luminescent compounds|||
E24-B|Current||Polymerised and polycondensed dyes, and precursors [general]||Also code the monomer in section (E2)|
E24-C|Current||Mixed chromophores [general]||Also code constituent dye chromophores in their appropriate groups.|
E24-D|Current|(2002-    )|(Near) infra-red dyes [general]||Also code chromophores in their appropriate groups.|
E24-E|Current|(2002-    )|UV absorbers [general]||Note: Only coded in E2 section when UV Absorber is coloured. (Also code chromophores in their appropriate groups.)|
E24-U|Current|(2010-    )|Dye or pigment bound to nanostructure|||
E25|Current||General and other dyes and pigments|||
E25-A|Current||Nitro, nitroso dyes and pigments [general]|||
E25-B|Current||Methine, styryl dyes and pigments [general]|||
E25-B01|Current|(1994-    )|Methine type electrophotographic charge transport agents|E25-B||
E25-B02|Current|(1994-    )|Silver halide cyanine type dyes and pigments|E25-B|e.g. As photosensitiser or antihalation dye.|
E25-B03|Current|(1994-    )|Other dyes and pigments|E25-B||
E25-C|Current||Azamethine dyes and pigments [general]||Includes =N-|
E25-D|Current||Tri- and di-arylmethane dyes and pigments [general]|||
E25-E|Current||Other types dyes and pigments [general]||In order of priority: E25-E01 > E25-E02 > E25-E03.|
E25-E01|Current|(1986-    )|Other types dyes and pigments - ring(s) containing N|||
E25-E02|Current|(1986-    )|Other types dyes and pigments - ring(s) containing O|||
E25-E03|Current|(1986-    )|Other types dyes and pigments|||
E25-F|Current|(1994-    )|Natural dye unknown structure [general]|||
E26|Current||Dye precursors excluding E21-E, E24-B [general]||Includes coupling components, colour couplers, oxidation bases, leuco bases; and photo-, thermo-, piezo- or halo- chromic compounds. Compounds coded here should also receive appropriate section (E1) codes.|
E26-A|Current|(1975-    )|Couplers [general]|||
E26-A01|Current|(1986-    )|Azo couplers|||
E26-A02|Current|(1986-    )|Condensation: photographic couplers|||
E26-A03|Current|(1986-    )|Condensation: other couplers; oxidation; other couplers|||
E26-B|Current||Lactones, lactams, sultones, sultams, photochromics, spiropyrans dye precursors [general]|||
E26-C|Current||Other dye precursors [general]|||
E27|Current|(2002-    )|Dye formulations; morphology||Inventions relating to formulations or specific forms/modifications of known dyes and pigments are coded here from 2002. Includes processes where modifying or treating the chromophore is key to the invention. Where appropriate, codes for the individual chromophores are additionally applied|
E27-A|Current|(2002-    )|General|||
E27-A01|Current|(2002-    )|Pigment formulation|||
E27-A02|Current|(2002-    )|Dyestuff formulation|||
E27-B|Current|(2002-    )|General||Indexed where Specific shape or form, or process for treating chromophore is claimed or key to the invention|
E27-B01|Current|(2002-    )|Pigments|||
E27-B01A|Current|(2010-    )|Pigment morphology (nano-form)|||
E27-B02|Current|(2002-    )|Dyestuffs|||
E27-B02A|Current|(2010-    )|Dye morphology (nano-form)|||
E27-B03|Current|(2002-    )|Others|||
E27-B03A|Current|(2010-    )|Other morphology (nano-form)|||
E31|Current||Non-metallic elements, metalloids and compounds [general]|||
E31-A|Current||Hydrogen, metal hydride, water [general]||Excludes H of acids.|
E31-A01|Current|(1986-    )|H2 + CO|||
E31-A02|Current|(1986-    )|H2 production, storage|||
E31-A02A|Current|(2005-    )|By electrical method|||
E31-A02B|Current|(2005-    )|Storage|||
E31-A02C|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
E31-A03|Current|(1986-    )|H2 use, detection, removal|||
E31-A04|Current|(1986-    )|Metal hydride|||
E31-A05|Current|(1986-    )|Water, other|||
E31-B|Current||Halogen (X), X acid and halide (hal)-general|||
E31-B01|Current|(1975-    )|Electrical production of X||Includes electrolyte and apparatus.|
E31-B02|Current|(1975-    )|Production of X other methods, production of HX or inter-X compound|||
E31-B02A|Current|(2005-    )|F, Br, I element production|||
E31-B02B|Current|(2005-    )|Cl element production|||
E31-B02C|Current|(2005-    )|F, Br, I compound production|||
E31-B02D|Current|(2005-    )|Cl compound production|||
E31-B03|Current|(1975-    )|Use of X or compound containing X, general||For oxy X compound see E31-C.|
E31-B03A|Current|(1986-    )|F, Br, I element|||
E31-B03B|Current|(1986-    )|Cl element|||
E31-B03C|Current|(1986-    )|F, Br, I compound|||
E31-B03D|Current|(1986-    )|Cl compound|||
E31-C|Current|(1975-    )|Oxide or oxyacid of halogen, including salts||Oxide or oxyacid of halogen, including salts.|
E31-D|Current||Oxygen, ozone; oxide [general]|||
E31-D01|Current|(1986-    )|O2 production, storage|||
E31-D02|Current|(1986-    )|O2 use, detection, removal|||
E31-D03|Current|(1986-    )|O3; activated oxygen etc.|||
E31-D04|Current|(1986-    )|Oxide|||
E31-D05|Current|(2005-    )|Hydroxide ion||Includes hydroxide ion and Active species such as hydroxy radical.|
E31-E|Current||Peroxide, peracid; salts thereof||N.B. has priority over all other section (E3) codes.|
E31-E01|Current|(2005-    )|Hydrogen peroxide|||
E31-E02|Current|(2005-    )|Percarbonate|||
E31-E03|Current|(2005-    )|Persulfate|||
E31-E04|Current|(2005-    )|Perborate|||
E31-E05|Current|(2005-    )|Other inorganic peroxide|||
E31-F|Current||Sulphur; compound thereof [general]|||
E31-F01|Current|(1975-    )|Removal of S compound(s) from wastes etc., optionally with recovery of S values [general]||Includes catalyst regeneration.|
E31-F01A|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of S oxide|||
E31-F01B|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of S hydride|||
E31-F01C|Current|(1986-    )|Removal of other S compound|||
E31-F02|Current|(1975-    )|Production of S, H2S (or salts), polysulphide||Excludes E31-F01.|
E31-F03|Current|(1975-    )|Production of other S compound|||
E31-F04|Current|(1975-    )|Use of S, (poly)sulphide (including acid) or oxide of S (including complex)|||
E31-F05|Current|(1975-    )|Use of other S compound||Includes S oxyacid.|
E31-G|Current|(1970-    )|Selenium (Se) or tellurium (Te) or compound thereof|||
E31-H|Current||Nitrogen, or compound thereof [general]|||
E31-H01|Current|(1977-    )|Removal of nitrogen oxides from waste gases etc. catalytically|||
E31-H02|Current|(1977-    )|Other methods for removing N oxides from waste gases etc.|||
E31-H03|Current|(1977-    )|Elemental N; compound containing halogen and/or sulphur|||
E31-H04|Current|(1977-    )|Production of other N compound|||
E31-H05|Current|(1977-    )|Use of other N compound|||
E31-J|Current||Noble gas (or compound)|||
E31-K|Current||Phosphorus, or compound thereof [general]|||
E31-K01|Current|(1975-    )|Catalyst containing P (or compound)|||
E31-K02|Current|(1975-    )|H3PO4 (optionally some polyphosphoric acid) production|||
E31-K03|Current|(1975-    )|Orthophosphate (optionally some polyphosphate) - production|||
E31-K04|Current|(1975-    )|P; other P compound - production||Includes polyphosphates, thiophosphates and thiopolyphosphates.|
E31-K05|Current|(1975-    )|Orthophosphate, use [general]||Includes acid and P hetero poly acid.|
E31-K05A|Current|(1986-    )|Orthophosphoric acid|||
E31-K05B|Current|(1986-    )|Orthophosphoric acid - counter ion is metal from E35|||
E31-K05C|Current|(1986-    )|Orthophosphoric acid - counter ion is metal from E34|||
E31-K05D|Current|(1986-    )|Orthophosphoric acid - counter ion is metal from E33|||
E31-K05E|Current|(1986-    )|Orthophosphoric acid - counter ion is ion from E32, E31 or is organic|||
E31-K06|Current|(1975-    )|Polyphosphate, use||Includes meta.|
E31-K07|Current|(1975-    )|P; other P compound, use||Includes polyphosphates, thiophosphates and thiopolyphosphates.|
E31-L|Current||Arsenic, or compound thereof|||
E31-M|Current||Antimony compound|||
E31-N|Current||Carbon, or compound thereof [general]|||
E31-N01|Current|(1975-    )|C fibre production|||
E31-N02|Current|(1975-    )|C modification||Includes C fibre graphitisation.|
E31-N03|Current|(1975-    )|C production||Includes diamonds.|
E31-N03A|Current|(2005-    )|Diamond, cubic C|||
E31-N03B|Current|(2005-    )|Graphite (other) pyrolytic||Not C fiber graphitizaton- E31-N02|
E31-N03C|Current|(2005-    )|Active|||
E31-N03D|Current|(2005-    )|Inert|||
E31-N04|Current|(1975-    )|Use of C [general]||e.g. As purifier, catalyst.|
E31-N04A|Current|(1986-    )|Diamond, cubic C|||
E31-N04B|Current|(1986-    )|Graphite, (other) pyrolytic|||
E31-N04C|Current|(1986-    )|Other form of C, active|||
E31-N04D|Current|(1986-    )|Other form of C, inert|||
E31-N04E|Current|(2012-    )|C fibre, use||include active and inert forms|C fibre use
E31-N05|Current|(1975-    )|Compound of C [general]||See E31-A for CO with H2 mixtures.|
E31-N05A|Current|(1986-    )|Metal carbide|||
E31-N05B|Current|(1986-    )|(Thio) CO, carbonyl compound||For metal carbonyls see code for metal.|
E31-N05B1|Current|(2005-    )|Carbon monoxide|||
E31-N05B2|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
E31-N05C|Current|(1986-    )|CO2||Includes carbonic acid.|
E31-N05D|Current|(1986-    )|Other C compound|||
E31-P|Current||Silicon, or compound thereof [general]|||
E31-P01|Current|(1975-    )|Production and/or modification of silica or hydrate|||
E31-P02|Current|(1975-    )|Mixture of silica and alumina (may be chemically combined) [general]|||
E31-P02A|Current|(1986-    )|Zeolite production|||
E31-P02B|Current|(1986-    )|Zeolite use|||
E31-P02C|Current|(1986-    )|Non-zeolite production|||
E31-P02D|Current|(1986-    )|Non-zeolite use|||
E31-P03|Current|(1975-    )|Use of silica, other than mixture with alumina|||
E31-P04|Current|(1975-    )|Fluorosilicate; silicate mineral (other than +Al)|||
E31-P05|Current|(1975-    )|Other silicate [general]|||
E31-P05A|Current|(1986-    )|Other silicate - non alkali(ne earth) metal present|||
E31-P05B|Current|(1986-    )|Other silicate - alkaline earth metal present|||
E31-P05C|Current|(1986-    )|Other silicate - alkali metal present|||
E31-P05D|Current|(1986-    )|Other silicate|||
E31-P06|Current|(1975-    )|Silicon; other Si compound [general]|||
E31-P06A|Current|(1986-    )|Si element|||
E31-P06B|Current|(1986-    )|Si halide, hydride|||
E31-P06C|Current|(1986-    )|Si carbide|||
E31-P06D|Current|(1986-    )|Si nitride|||
E31-P06E|Current|(1986-    )|Other Si compound|||
E31-Q|Current||Boron; compound thereof [general]|||
E31-Q01|Current|(1986-    )|B element|||
E31-Q02|Current|(1986-    )|B halide, hydride|||
E31-Q03|Current|(1986-    )|B carbide, nitride, metal boride|||
E31-Q04|Current|(1986-    )|B oxide|||
E31-Q05|Current|(1986-    )|B acid|||
E31-Q06|Current|(1986-    )|Alkali metal borate||Borate: from B-O acid.|
E31-Q07|Current|(1986-    )|Other borate||Borate: from B-O acid.|
E31-Q08|Current|(1986-    )|Other B compound||Borate: from B-O acid. BF4- is coded E31-Q02.|
E31-U|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic nanostructures||Used in conjunction with E3* codes|
E31-U01|Old|(2006-2012)|Nanoparticles|||
E31-U01|Current|(2013-    )|Nanoparticles, nanospheres|||
E31-U02|Old|(2006-2012)|Nanotubes, nanorods, nanowhiskers|||
E31-U02|Current|(2013-    )|Nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires||Includes nanowhiskers|
E31-U03|Current|(2006-    )|Nanofilm||Includes nanobelt, nanoribbon, nanoplate.|
E31-U04|Current|(2011-    )|Other nano-forms (e.g. nano-buds, nano-horns)|||
E31-V|Current|(2014-    )|Quantum dots or Quantum clusters||Quantum dots are nanocrystals of a semiconducting material used mostly in LEDs and solid state lighting, displays and photovoltaic devices.|
E32|Current||Ammonia, cyanogen and compounds [general]|||
E32-A|Current||Ammonia, or ammonium compound [general]|||
E32-A01|Current|(1986-    )|NH3 production|||
E32-A02|Current|(1986-    )|NH3 use|||
E32-A03|Current|(1986-    )|NH4+ compound production|||
E32-A04|Current|(1986-    )|NH4+ compound use|||
E32-A05|Current|(1986-    )|Other compound|||
E32-B|Current||Cyanogen and derivatives||Includes all metal cyanides, (thio)cyanates and cyanamides. N.B. has priority over E33, 34, 35.|
E33|Current||Alkali metal compounds [general]|||
E33-A|Current|(1970-    )|Oxide or hydroxide of sodium/potassium (Na/K) - general|||
E33-A01|Current|(1986-    )|Sodium/potassium (Na/K) hydroxide production by electrical means|||
E33-A02|Current|(1986-    )|Sodium/potassium (Na/K) hydroxide production by other means|||
E33-A03|Current|(1986-    )|Sodium/potassium (Na/K) hydroxide use|||
E33-A04|Current|(1986-    )|Sodium/potassium (Na/K) oxide|||
E33-B|Current|(1970-    )|Halide of sodium/potassium (Na/K)|||
E33-C|Current|(1970-    )|Sulfate or sulfite of sodium/potassium (Na/K)||Includes hydrogen sulphate/hydrogen sulphite.|
E33-D|Current|(1970-    )|Carbonate of sodium/potassium (Na/K)||Includes hydrogencarbonate.|
E33-E|Current|(1970-    )|Nitrate of sodium/potassium (Na/K)|||
E33-F|Current|(1970-    )|Other compound of sodium/potassium (Na/K)|||
E33-G|Current|(1970-    )|Lithium (Li) compound|||
E33-H|Current|(1970-    )|Rubidium (Rb) or cesium (Cs) compound|||
E33-S|Current|(2006-    )|General sodium/potassium (Na/K) salt|||
E34|Current||Compounds of be, Mg, Al, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Th, rare earths [general]|||
E34-A|Current|(1970-    )|Beryllium (Be) compound|||
E34-B|Current|(1970-    )|Magnesium (Mg) compound|||
E34-B01|Current|(1986-    )|Magnesium (Mg) oxide|||
E34-B02|Current|(1986-    )|Magnesium (Mg) hydroxide, carbonate, basic compound|||
E34-B03|Current|(1986-    )|Magnesium (Mg) halide, sulfate|||
E34-B04|Current|(1986-    )|Other magnesium (Mg) compound||For sulphide (derivative) code E31-F+.|
E34-C|Current|(1970-    )|Aluminium (Al) compound - general|||
E34-C01|Current|(1975-    )|Aluminium (Al) (hydr)oxide production|||
E34-C02|Current|(1975-    )|Aluminium (Al) (hydr)oxide use||For alumina/silica see E31-P02.|
E34-C03|Current|(1975-    )|Other Aluminium (Al) compound|||
E34-D|Current|(1970-    )|Calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) or barium (Ba) compound - general|||
E34-D01|Current|(1975-    )|Calcium (Ca) (hydr)oxide|||
E34-D02|Current|(1975-    )|Calcium (Ca) sulfate, halide||Includes basic.|
E34-D03|Current|(1975-    )|Other calcium (Ca) compounds; strontium (Sr) or barium (Ba) compounds||For sulphide (derivative) code E31-F+.|
E34-D03A|Current|(2005-    )|Calcium carbonate|||
E34-D03B|Current|(2005-    )|Other calcium compound|||
E34-D03C|Current|(2005-    )|Strontium compound|||
E34-D03D|Current|(2005-    )|Barium compound|||
E34-D04|Current|(2011-    )|Calcium [general]|||
E34-E|Current||Sc, Y, lanthanoid, Ra or Th compound|||
E34-E01|Current|(2006-    )|Scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La)|||
E34-E02|Current|(2006-    )|Lanthanides gen|||
E34-E02A|Current|(2006-    )|Ce|||
E34-E02B|Current|(2006-    )|Other lanthanides|||
E34-E03|Current|(2006-    )|Radium (Ra), thorium (Th)|||
E35|Current||Compounds of other metals [general]|||
E35-A|Current|(1970-    )|Copper (Cu) compound|||
E35-B|Current|(1970-    )|Silver (Ag), gold (Au) compound|||
E35-C|Current|(1970-    )|Zinc (Zn) compound - general|||
E35-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Zinc (hydr)oxide production|||
E35-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Zinc (hydr)oxide use|||
E35-C03|Current|(2006-    )|Zinc halide, sulfate|||
E35-C04|Current|(2006-    )|Other zinc (Zn) compound|||
E35-D|Current|(1970-    )|Cadmium (Cd) compound|||
E35-E|Current|(1970-    )|Mercury (Hg) compound|||
E35-F|Current|(1970-    )|Gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl) compound|||
E35-G|Current|(1970-    )|Germanium (Ge) compound|||
E35-H|Current|(1970-    )|Tin (Sn) compound|||
E35-J|Current|(1970-    )|Lead (Pb) compound|||
E35-K|Current|(1970-    )|Titanium (Ti) compound - general|||
E35-K01|Current|(1986-    )|Titanium dioxide (TiO2) production|||
E35-K02|Current|(1986-    )|Titanium dioxide (TiO2) use|||
E35-K03|Current|(1986-    )|Titanium (Ti) halide, sulfate|||
E35-K04|Current|(1986-    )|Other titanium (Ti) compound|||
E35-L|Current|(1970-    )|Zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf) compound|||
E35-M|Current|(1970-    )|Bismuth (Bi) compound|||
E35-N|Current|(1970-    )|Vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) compound|||
E35-P|Current|(1970-    )|Chromium (Cr) compound|||
E35-Q|Current|(1970-    )|Molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) compound|||
E35-R|Current|(1970-    )|Polonium (Po), uranium (U), trans-U compound|||
E35-S|Current|(1970-    )|Manganese (Mn) compound|||
E35-T|Current|(1970-    )|Rhenium (Re) compound|||
E35-U|Current|(1970-    )|Iron (Fe) compound - general|||
E35-U01|Current|(1986-    )|Iron (Fe) oxide production||Includes ferrite.|
E35-U02|Current|(1986-    )|Iron (Fe) oxide use||Includes ferrite.|
E35-U03|Current|(1986-    )|iron (Fe) hydroxide, mixed oxide-hydroxide|||
E35-U04|Current|(1986-    )|Iron (Fe) halide, sulfate|||
E35-U05|Current|(1986-    )|Other iron (Fe) compound|||
E35-V|Current|(1970-    )|Cobalt (Co) compound|||
E35-W|Current|(1970-    )|Nickel (Ni) compound|||
E35-X|Current|(1970-    )|Rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt) compound|||
E35-Y|Current||Other metal compound (Tc, At, Fr, Ac, Pa)|||
F01|Current||Natural and synthetic threads and fibres|||
F01-A|Current||Mechanical treatment of natural material to obtain fibres or filaments|||
F01-A01|Current||Mechanical treatment of animal fibres||Including cocoon handling and unwinding.|
F01-A02|Current||Mechanical treatment of vegetable fibres||Including scutching, ginning.|
F01-A03|Current|(1971-    )|Mechanical treatment of mineral fibres||Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
F01-B|Current||Chemical treatment of natural material to obtain filaments or fibres for spinning|||
F01-B01|Current||Chemical treatment of animal fibres||Including carbonising rags to recover fibres.|
F01-B02|Current||Chemical treatment of vegetable fibres||Including retting.|
F01-C|Current||Mechanical methods/equipment in manufacture of synthetic filaments, fibres, or ribbons [others]||e.g. cooling, quenching, freezing, annealing of extruded filaments.|
F01-C01|Current|(1994-    )|Equipment for manufacture of synthetic filaments, threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons||Including spinnerettes, die plates, manifolds and distributors, pumps.|
F01-C02|Retired|(1970-1993)|Dry spinning (evaporative)*||*Code retired now coded as F01-C08A for Dry spinning.|
F01-C03|Retired|(1970-1993)|Melt spinning*||*Code retired now coded as F01-C08B for Melt spinning and F01-C08B1 High speed melt spinning.|
F01-C04|Retired|(1970-1993)|Wet spinning (coagulative)*||*Code retired now coded as F01-C08C for Wet spinning.|
F01-C05|Current||Fibrillation|||
F01-C06|Current|(1971-    )|Drawing in manufacture of synthetic filaments, threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons||Including draw texturing (with F01-H04+). Prior to 1971 see F01-C.|
F01-C07|Current|(1972-    )|Other fibre production (exc. spinning or fibrillation)||Including emulsion spinning, centrifugal spinning, flash extrusion of plexifilaments and glass fibre production. Prior to 1971 see F01-C.|
F01-C07A|Current|(1994-    )|Melt blowing fibre production|F01-C07||
F01-C07B|Current|(1994-    )|Flash extrusion fibre production|F01-C07||
F01-C07C|Current|(1994-    )|Fibrid production|F01-C07||
F01-C07D|Current|(1994-    )|Synthetic pulp production|F01-C07||
F01-C07E|Current|(1994-    )|Glass fibre production|F01-C07||
F01-C08|Current|(1994-    )|Spinning [general]|F01-C+||
F01-C08A|Current|(1994-    )|Dry spinning|F01-C02||
F01-C08B|Current|(1994-    )|Melt spinning|F01-C03||
F01-C08B1|Current|(1994-    )|High speed melt spinning|F01-C03||
F01-C08C|Current|(1994-    )|Wet spinning (coagulative)|F01-C04|Includes Dry-Wet spinning.|
F01-D|Current||Chemical features in forming of synthetic filaments, fibres, bristles or ribbons [general]||Including polymer production or chemical modification; chemical structure of polymers and additives used in bulk of polymer. (e.g. additions to spinning solutions or melts.)|
F01-D01|Current||Cellulose ester fibres||e.g. cellulose (di-,tri-) acetate.|
F01-D02|Current||Acrylic and modacrylic fibres||i.e. acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile (co)polymers. For acrylic ester polymers see F01-D08.|
F01-D03|Current||Polyamide fibres, nylons||Including nylon 6 (poly- caproamide); nylon 6:6; aromatic polyamides (aramids); polyesteramides (with F01-D04).|
F01-D03A|Current|(1994-    )|Wholly aliphatic polyamide fibres|F01-D03||
F01-D03B|Current|(1994-    )|Aromatic polyamides fibres|F01-D03|Includes aromatic polyamides containing aliphatic groups.|
F01-D04|Current||Polyester, polycarbonate fibres||Including polybutylene terephthalate (PBT); linear polyesters; polyesteramides (with F01-D03); polyetheresters (with F01-D10). For polyethylene terephthalate see F01-D04A.|
F01-D04A|Current|(1994-    )|Polyethylene terephthalate (pet) fibres|F01-D04||
F01-D05|Current||Polyolefin fibres||Including polyethylene, polypropylene.|
F01-D06|Current||Regenerated cellulose, rayon, polynosic fibres|||
F01-D06A|Current|(1994-    )|Regenerated cellulose, rayon, polynosic fibres by viscose process|F01-D06||
F01-D06B|Current|(1994-    )|Regenerated cellulose, rayon, polynosic fibres by cuprammonium process|F01-D06||
F01-D06C|Current|(1994-    )|Regenerated cellulose, rayon, polynosic fibres by specific process [exc. viscose process]|F01-D06||
F01-D07|Current||Polyurethane fibres||e.g. spandex, Lycra (r)|
F01-D08|Current||Vinyl fibres||Including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl alcohol; excluding fluorine containing resins for which see F01-D10.|
F01-D09|Current||Inorganic and metallic fibres; asbestos|||
F01-D09A|Current|(1971-    )|Carbon; graphite fibres||To be searched for the production of these fibres.|
F01-D09A1|Current|(1994-    )|Carbon; graphite fibres derived from pitch|F01-D09A||
F01-D09A2|Current|(1994-    )|Carbon; graphite fibres derived from polyacrylonitrile (co)polymers|||
F01-D09A3|Current|(1994-    )|Carbon/graphite fibres derived from specific precursor(s) [exc. pitch, polyacrylonitrile polymers]|F01-D09A||
F01-D09B|Current|(1971-    )|Glass fibres||Prior to 1970 see F01-D09|
F01-D10|Current||Other chemical features of fibres||Including fluorocarbon, phenoplast, proteinaceous.|
F01-E|Current||Physical characteristics of fibres [others]||Including slub yarn, knop yarn, nub yarn, sewing threads (with F02-F01). For spandex see F01-D07.|
F01-E01|Current||Conjugate fibres, general||Including sea-island, side-by-side, sheath-core.|
F01-E01A|Current|(1972-    )|Crimped conjugate fibres||Prior to 1970 see F01-E01.|
F01-E02|Current||Non-circular, tapered fibres||Including trilobal, lobed, thick and thin (variable denier) and plexifilaments.|
F01-E03|Current||Hollow fibres|||
F01-E04|Current||Textured fibres||Excluding F01-E01A; e.g. crimped, bulked.|
F01-E05|Current|(1994-    )|Monofilament|F01-E||
F01-E06|Current|(1994-    )|Microdenier yarns|F01-E||
F01-E07|Current|(1994-    )|Mixed filament yarns|F01-E|Core-sheath yarns.|
F01-E08|Current|(1994-    )|Variable denier yarns|F01-E||
F01-E09|Current|(1994-    )|Staple yarn/fibres|F01-E||
F01-E09A|Current|(1994-    )|Fibrefill (batts, fibreballs, clusters)|F01-E||
F01-F|Current||Preliminary treatment of fibres [other]||e.g. for spinning. (e.g. blending, stapling.)|
F01-F01|Current|(1971-    )|Carding, combing, hackling of fibres||Prior to 1971 see F01-F.|
F01-F02|Current|(1971-    )|Drafting, sliver drawing of fibres||Prior to 1971 see F01-F.|
F01-F03|Current|(1972-    )|Opening, bale breaking of fibres||Prior to 1972 see F01-F.|
F01-F04|Current|(1994-    )|Feeding of slivers of fibres|F01-F||
F01-G|Current||Spinning processes and equipment [others]||Including electrostatic.|
F01-G00G|Current|(1994-    )|General spinning and equipment|F01-G|Indexed for generic and unspecified cases.|
F01-G01|Current||Ring spinning|||
F01-G02|Current||Ringless spinning||e.g. flyer, cap, mule.|
F01-G03|Current||Converter processing|||
F01-G04|Current||Automated spinning systems|||
F01-G05|Current|(1972-    )|Open-end spinning, break spinning||Prior to 1972 see F01-G.|
F01-H|Current||Mechanical finishing of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or ropes [others]||Including testing and identification of fibres and filaments.|
F01-H01|Current||(False) twisting, plying, cabling, doubling, stranding of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or rope||Including in production of ropes and cables.|
F01-H02|Current||Entangling, intermingling, interlacing, differential turbulence and other 'zero twist' processes||e.g. air jet.|
F01-H03|Current||Winding, reeling, packaging of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or ropes|||
F01-H03A|Current|(1971-    )|Bobbins, sleeves, tubes, cops, reeling, packaging of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or ropes||Prior to 1971 see F01-H03.|
F01-H03B|Current|(1971-    )|Break detection, end joining, length metering in winding, reeling, packaging||e.g. knotting, splicing. Prior to 1971 see F01-H03.|
F01-H03C|Current|(1971-    )|Bobbin and cop handling||e.g. doffing, donning, aligning, transporting. Prior to 1971 see F01-H03.|
F01-H03D|Current|(1972-    )|Package formation, winding, coiling of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or ropes||Prior to 1972 see F01-H03.|
F01-H03D1|Current|(1994-    )|Transfer tails|F01-H03D||
F01-H03D2|Current|(1994-    )|Thread traversing guides|F01-H03D||
F01-H03E|Current|(1994-    )|Waste removal from cores in winding, packaging of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or rope|F01-H03||
F01-H04|Current||Crimping, curling, texturing, bulking of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or ropes|||
F01-H04A|Current||Stuffer-box crimping of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or ropes|||
F01-H04B|Current||False twisting of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or ropes|||
F01-H04C|Current||Other crimping or curling of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or ropes||e.g. knit-deknit (with F02-B03+); gear wheel processes.|
F01-H04C1|Current|(1994-    )|Yarns textured by drawing only|F01-H04C||
F01-H04C2|Current|(1994-    )|Jet crimping of fibres, filaments, threads, yarns or ropes|F01-H04C||
F01-H05|Current||Heat treatment, setting, shrinking, relaxing, annealing of fibres, filaments, yarns or ropes||Including crimp development with heating (with F01-H04+).|
F01-H06|Current||Finishing or dressing of fibres, general||Including lubrication, spin finishes.|
F01-H06A|Current|(1972-    )|Sizing of fibres||Prior to 1972 see F01-H06.|
F01-H06B|Current|(1986-    )|Increasing adhesion of fibres to bulk materials||e.g. resins, concrete. Prior to 1986 see F01-H06 in conjunction with F03-D.|
F01-H07|Current|(1994-    )|Thread guides [mechanical finishing of fibres]|F01-H03||
F01-H08|Current|(1994-    )|Tension devices [mechanical finishing of fibres]|F01-H||
F01-H09|Current|(1994-    )|Yarn cleaners [mechanical finishing of fibres]|F01-H||
F01-J|Current|(1994-    )|Other fibrous forms|||
F01-J01|Current|(1994-    )|Fibrids|||
F01-J02|Current|(1994-    )|Synthetic pulps|||
F02|Current||Fabrics and their production|||
F02-A|Current||Fabrics and their production - weaving|||
F02-A01|Current||Warping, beaming, leasing, let-off|||
F02-A02|Current||Shedding mechanisms; patterns (cards, designing); dobbys, jacquard systems, healds, heddles|||
F02-A03|Current||Woven fabrics|||
F02-A03A|Current|(1972-    )|Woven fabrics of specified application||Including carpets. Prior to 1972 see F02-A03.|
F02-A04|Current||Methods of weaving, looms|||
F02-A04A|Current||Methods of weaving, conventional looms|||
F02-A04B|Current||Methods of weaving, shuttleless looms||e.g. water jet, air jet, rapier, weft gripper looms.|
F02-A05|Current|(1971-    )|Auxiliary weaving apparatus, weavers' tools, shuttles||Prior to 1971 see F02-A04.|
F02-B|Current||Knitting|||
F02-B01|Current||Knitting patterns (cards, designing); control mechanisms|||
F02-B02|Current||Knit fabrics||Including throw rugs.|
F02-B03|Current||Methods of knitting; knitting machines|||
F02-B03A|Current||Warp knitting|||
F02-B03B|Current||Weft knitting|||
F02-B04|Current|(1971-    )|Accessories for knitting machines||Including feed devices, take-off devices. Prior to 1971 see F02-B03.|
F02-C|Current||Non-woven fabrics|||
F02-C01|Current||Non-woven fabrics, felts, blankets, battings, waddings, stuffings|||
F02-C01A|Current|(1994-    )|Non-woven pile fabrics|F02-C01||
F02-C01B1|Current|(1994-    )|Self-bonded non-woven fabrics|F02-C01||
F02-C01B2|Current|(1994-    )|Self-bonded non-woven fabrics (where binder is same composition as fibre)|F02-C01||
F02-C01C|Current|(2005-    )|Adhesive bonded non-woven fabric using adhesives or binders|||
F02-C02|Current||Methods of manufacture of non-woven fabrics; machinery, general||Including wet laying; dry laying; spin bonding (with F01-C+).|
F02-C02A|Current||Stitch-bonding non-woven fabrics|||
F02-C02B|Current||Bonding of fibrous webs|||
F02-C02B1|Current|(1972-    )|Bonding of fibrous webs using an adhesive||Prior to 1972 see F02-C02B.|
F02-C02C|Current||Non-woven fabric production by felting|||
F02-C02D|Current||Non-woven fabric production by needling, punching|||
F02-C02E|Current|(2005-    )|Wet laying|||
F02-C02F|Current|(2005-    )|Spunlacing; hydroentangling|||
F02-C02G|Current|(2005-    )|Air laying|||
F02-D|Current||Tufting and tufted products||Including carpets.|
F02-E|Current||Braiding, lace, trimmings, nets|||
F02-E01|Current||Braiding, plaiting and manufacture of lace incl. Bobbin; net or carbonised lace; braiding machines|||
F02-E02|Current||Trimmings; ribbons (including typewriter and computer), tapes, bands, narrow fabric; other webbing|||
F02-E03|Current||Making nets; making knotted carpets or tapestries; macrame; other knotting|||
F02-F|Current||Sewing, embroidering|||
F02-F01|Current||Sewing [general]||Including sewing threads (with F01-E).|
F02-F01A|Current|(1971-    )|Sewing specific goods [general]||Prior to 1971 see F02-F01.|
F02-F01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Sewing fasteners||Including slide fasteners, button (holes). Prior to 1986 see F02-F01A.|
F02-F01B|Current|(1972-    )|Sewing accessories [general]||Prior to 1972 see F02-F01.|
F02-F01B1|Current|(1986-    )|Sewing accessories - control devices, programs, microcomputers||Prior to 1986 see F02-F01B.|
F02-F01B2|Current|(1986-    )|Sewing accessories - feed or removal of cloth or work-pieces, trimming, cutting of threads||Prior to 1986 see F02-F01B.|
F02-F02|Current||Embroidering|||
F02-G|Current|(1994-    )|Physical characteristics of fabrics [other]|||
F02-G01|Current|(1994-    )|Physical characteristics of fabrics [general]|||
F02-G02|Current|(1994-    )|Physical characteristics of crepe fabrics|||
F02-G03|Current|(1994-    )|Physical characteristics of pile fabrics||See also non-woven pile fabrics F02-C01A.|
F02-G04|Current|(1994-    )|Physical characteristics of stretch fabrics|||
F02-G04A|Current|(1994-    )|Physical characteristics of stretch fabrics due to fibres|||
F02-G04B|Current|(1994-    )|Physical characteristics of stretch fabrics due to fabric structure|||
F03|Current||Treatment of fabric products|||
F03-A|Current||Mechanical treatment of fabric products [other]||e.g. shearing, napping, raising, singeing.|
F03-A01|Current||Mechanical treatment of fabric products - calendering, pleating, forming|||
F03-A02|Current||Mechanical treatment of fabric products - setting, stentering, shrinkproofing, stabilisation etc.|||
F03-B|Current||Treatment of fabric products - scouring, desizing, mercerising, optical bleaching [other]|||
F03-B01|Current||Treatment of fabric products by bleaching, optical bleaching|||
F03-C|Current||Chemical treatment of fabric products [others]|||
F03-C01|Current||Equipment for chemical treatment of fabric products|||
F03-C02|Current||Chemical treatment of fabric products - repellents and retardants, general||Including oil and soil.|
F03-C02A|Current|(1972-    )|Chemical treatment of fabric products- water proofing, rain proofing, hydrophobisation||Prior to 1972 see F03-C02.|
F03-C02B|Current|(1972-    )|Chemical treatment of fabric products - biological repellents||e.g. bactericides, germicides, insecticides, rot proofing. Prior to 1972 see F03-C02.|
F03-C03|Current||Chemical treatment of fabric products - flame proofing; fire retardants; melt proofing|||
F03-C03A|Current|(1977-    )|Flame proofing; fire retardants; melt proofing of fabrics with phosphorus containing material||Prior to 1977 see F03-C03.|
F03-C03B|Current|(1977-    )|Flame proofing; fire retardants; melt proofing of fabrics with antimony containing material||Prior to 1977 see F03-C03.|
F03-C03C|Current|(1977-    )|Flame proofing; fire retardants; melt proofing of fabrics with material containing halogen||Prior to 1977 see F03-C03.|
F03-C04|Current||Chemical treatment of fabric products - anti-pilling, shrinkproof, dimensional stabilisation etc.|||
F03-C05|Current||Chemical treatment of fabric products - antistats, softeners, surfactants, processing aids etc.|||
F03-C06|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical treatment of fabric products to improve dye receptiveness||Prior to 1977 see F03-C.|
F03-C07|Current|(1977-    )|Chemical treatment of fabric products to improve resistance of textiles to ageing||e.g. by air, light and heat. Prior to 1977 see F03-C.|
F03-C08|Current|(1986-    )|Chemical treatment of fabric products by dissolving/degrading fibres||e.g. (partial) hydrolysis of polyester fibres with alkali. Prior to 1986 see F03-C in conjunction with F03-A.|
F03-C09|Current|(2005-    )|Odorants, deodorants|||
F03-D|Current||Laminating and composites [composites; reinforced materials, general]|||
F03-D01|Current||Adhesive laminating|||
F03-D02|Current||Flame laminating|||
F03-D03|Current|(1971-    )|Other laminating [exc. adhesive and flame]||Including flocking. Prior to 1971 see F03-D.|
F03-D04|Current|(1986-    )|Fabric structures designed for reinforcement of solid materials||Such as plastics, concrete, metal. Prior to 1986 see F03-D.|
F03-E|Current||Treatment of fabric products not covered elsewhere [others]||Including waste-water, recovering textile materials.|
F03-E01|Current|(1972-    )|Treatment of fabric products not covered elsewhere - by coating|F03-E|Prior to 1972 see F03-E.|
F03-E02|Current|(1994-    )|Treatment of fabric products not covered elsewhere - recycling, recovery|F03-E||
F03-F|Retired|(1970-1985)|Dyeing and/or printing [general dyeing processes]*||*Formerly: Dyes and dyeing textiles etc. Applied from the start of CPI (1970) to the end of 1985 and was discontinued. From the start of 1986 see F03-F33.|
F03-F01|Current||Dyeing and/or printing equipment|||
F03-F02|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of animal substrates||e.g. silk, wool. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F03|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of vegetable substrates||e.g. cotton, linen. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F04|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of cellulose esters||Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F05|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of acrylic and modacrylic||Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F06|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of polyamide or nylon||Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F06A|Current|(1977-    )|Dyeing and/or printing of polyamide or nylon with water soluble azo dyes||Prior to 1977 see F03-F06.|
F03-F06B|Current|(1977-    )|Dyeing and/or printing of polyamide or nylon with water insoluble azo dyes||Prior to 1977 see FO3-F06.|
F03-F06C|Current|(1977-    )|Dyeing and/or printing of polyamide or nylon with anthraquinone dyes||Prior to 1977 see F03-F06.|
F03-F07|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of polyester||Including polycarbonate. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F07A|Current|(1977-    )|Dyeing and/or printing of polyester with water soluble azo dyes||Prior to 1977 see F03-F07.|
F03-F07B|Current|(1977-    )|Dyeing and/or printing of polyester with water insoluble azo dyes||Prior to 1977 see F03-F07.|
F03-F07C|Current|(1977-    )|Dyeing and/or printing of polyester with anthraquinone dyes||Prior to 1977 see F03-F07.|
F03-F08|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of polyolefin||Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F09|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of regenerated cellulose||Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F10|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of polyurethane||e.g. spandex. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F11|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of vinyl fibres||e.g. PVC, PVA. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F12|Current||Dyeing and/or printing of inorganic and metallic fibres||Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F13|Current|(1971-    )|Solvent dyeing [general]||Prior to 1971 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F13A|Current|(1971-    )|Solvent dyeing of cotton, regenerated cellulose||Prior to 1971 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F13B|Current|(1971-    )|Solvent dyeing of substrates [exc. cotton, regenerated cellulose]||Prior to 1971 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F14|Current|(1972-    )|After treatment of coloured substrates||Prior to 1972 no specific code was available.|
F03-F15|Current|(1972-    )|Dyeing and/or printing of other substrates||Prior to 1972 see F03-F. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F16|Current|(1972-    )|Dyes of general application||Prior to 1972 see F03-F. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F16A|Current|(1977-    )|Azo dyes, water soluble of general application||Prior to 1977 see F03-F16. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F16B|Current|(1977-    )|Azo dyes, water insoluble of general application||Prior to 1977 see F03-F16. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F16C|Current|(1977-    )|Anthraquinone dyes of general application||Prior to 1977 see F03-F16. Prior to 1986 this code retrieves only references to dyeing. For printing prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F17|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing and/or printing with pigments and associated materials/compositions||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F18|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing and/or printing with disperse dyes and associated materials/compositions||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F19|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing and/or printing with reactive dyes and associated materials/compositions||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F20|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing and/or printing with direct dyes and associated materials/compositions||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F21|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing and/or printing with anionic/acid dyes and associated materials/compositions||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F22|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing and/or printing with cationic/basic dyes and associated materials/compositions||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F23|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing and/or printing with vat/leuco dyes and associated materials/compositions||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F24|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing and/or printing with sulphur dyes and associated materials/compositions||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F25|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing and/or printing with metal complex dyes and associated materials/compositions||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available; see codes for appropriate substrate.|
F03-F26|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing/printing using compositions in the form of foams||Prior to 1986 see F03-F or F03-G.|
F03-F27|Current|(1986-    )|Transfer dyeing/printing; sublimation printing||Including decalcomanias. Prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F28|Current|(1986-    )|Discharge or resist dyeing/printing||Prior to 1986 see F03-G.|
F03-F29|Current|(1986-    )|Cop dyeing, cheese dyeing, warp dyeing or printing||Prior to 1986 see F03-F or F03-G.|
F03-F30|Current|(1986-    )|Spin dyeing or bulk dyeing before fibre formation||Prior to 1986 see the appropriate substrate code from F03-F+ in conjunction with the appropriate code F01-D+.|
F03-F31|Current|(1986-    )|Other specific dyeing/printing processes||Prior to 1986 see F03-F or F03-G.|
F03-F32|Current|(1986-    )|Dyeing auxiliaries||Excluding dye receptiveness improving agents for which see F03-C06; solvents, dyes. Prior to 1986 no specific code was available.|
F03-F33|Current|(1986-    )|General dyeing/printing||Prior to 1986 see F03-F or F03-G.|
F03-G|Retired|(1970-1985)|Printing*||*Applied from the start of CPI (1970) to the end of 1985 and was discontinued. From the start of 1986 see F03-F+.|
F03-H|Current||Decorating textiles; quilting||Including metallising.|
F03-J|Current||Laundering, dry cleaning [general]|||
F03-J01|Current|(1977-    )|Washing machines||Including (spin)driers. Prior to 1977 see F03-J.|
F03-J02|Current|(1977-    )|Ironing; smoothing fabrics||Prior to 1977 see F03-J.|
F03-J03|Current|(1977-    )|Laundering compositions||e.g. detergents. Prior to 1977 see F03-J.|
F03-J04|Current|(1977-    )|Dry cleaning||Prior to 1977 see F03-J.|
F03-K|Current||Other fibre or fabric processes and equipment [others]||Including marketing, joining fabric lengths, general air conditioning of textile factories.|
F03-K01|Current|(1971-    )|Web handling, rolling, laying, widening of fibre/fabric||Prior to 1971 see F03-K.|
F03-K02|Current|(1971-    )|Analysis, inspection, testing, identification of fibre/fabric||Prior to 1971 see F03-K.|
F03-K03|Current|(1994-    )|Cutting, severing of fibre/fabric|F03-K||
F04|Current||Textile applications|||
F04-A|Current||Textile applications - ropes, cables||Including metal wires.|
F04-B|Current||Textile applications - artificial leather, wall, floor covering [other flexible sheet material]||Including tarpaulins.|
F04-B01|Current||Textile applications - artificial leather, oil cloth, suede|||
F04-B01A|Current||Textile applications - artificial leather, oil cloth, suede with polyurethane|||
F04-B01B|Current||Textile applications - artificial leather, oil cloth, suede with polyvinyl chloride|||
F04-B02|Current||Textile applications - roofing felt, linoleum, (vinyl) floor covering|||
F04-B03|Current|(1986-    )|Textile applications - artificial fur||Prior to 1986 see F04-B in conjunction with F04-C and F04-D.|
F04-C|Current|(1971-    )|Textile applications - wearing apparel [general]||Including garment linings and interlinings. Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
F04-C01|Current||Textile applications - underwear; baby linen; handkerchiefs; foundation garments; and tights||With F04-C02.|
F04-C01A|Current|(2005-    )|Baby linen/diapers/baby training pants||Including diapers and baby training pants|
F04-C02|Current||Textile applications - hosiery, socks, stockings, pantyhose and tights||With F04-C01.|
F04-C03|Current||Textile applications - wearing apparel outerwear||Including coats, jackets, shirts, skirts, dresses, jumpers.|
F04-C04|Current||Textile applications - garment fastenings, suspenders, slide fasteners, button (holes), belts|||
F04-C05|Current||Textile applications - wearing apparel accessories||e.g. hats, footwear.|
F04-C05A|Current|(2005-    )|Footwear|||
F04-C06|Current|(1994-    )|Protective clothing|F04-C+||
F04-D|Current|(1971-    )|Home furnishings [general]||Including towels. Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
F04-D01|Current||Sheets, blankets, bed linen|||
F04-D02|Current||Table linen, tablecloths|||
F04-D03|Current||Draperies and upholstery, curtains|||
F04-D04|Current|(1994-    )|Carpets|F04-D||
F04-E|Current||Industrial fabrics and products [others]||Including hose and ion-exchange fibres.|
F04-E01|Current||Tyre cord, chafer fabric|||
F04-E02|Current||Industrial fabrics and products - military||Including parachutes, camouflage.|
F04-E03|Current||Industrial fabrics and products - automotive||Including seats, upholstery.|
F04-E03A|Current|(1994-    )|Automotive fabrics and products - airbags|A04-E03||
F04-E03B|Current|(1994-    )|Automotive fabrics and products - safety belts|A04-E03||
F04-E03C|Current|(1994-    )|Automotive fabrics and products - seats, upholstery|A04-E03||
F04-E04|Current||Surgical and medical fabric products||Including prostheses, sutures, dialysis, bandages, dressings.|
F04-E05|Current|(1971-    )|Industrial fabrics and products - filter material, general||Including cigarette filters. Prior to 1971 see F04-E.|
F04-E05A|Current|(1986-    )|Paper making machine felts, belts, fourdrinier wires||Prior to 1986 see F04-E05.|
F04-E06|Current|(1972-    )|Industrial fabrics and products - thermal and acoustic insulation||Prior to 1972 see F04-E.|
F04-E07|Current|(1972-    )|Industrial fabrics and products - belts||Prior to 1972 see F04-E.|
F04-F|Current||Fabrication of fabric products|||
F04-F01|Current||Cutting fabric and other processes in making clothes||Including hats, slide fasteners, button holes.|
F04-F02|Current||Manufacturing footwear|||
F04-F03|Current||Manufacturing other fabric products [exc. clothes, footwear]|||
F04-F04|Current||Labelling, packaging of fabric products|||
F04-G|Current|(1971-    )|Products made of fibres other than fabrics [others]||Including brushes, fishing lines, edible products, gut for racquets, artificial seaweed for preventing erosion. Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
F04-G01|Current|(1986-    )|Products made of fibres other than fabrics - optical fibres, cables||For structures of fibres see F01-E01. Prior to 1986 see F04-G in conjunction with F01-E01.|
F05|Current||Paper and wood|||
F05-A|Current||Paper making, cellulose, fibre-board|||
F05-A01|Current||Paper making, cellulose, fibre-board - fibrous raw material (and mechanical treatment)|||
F05-A02|Current||Production of cellulose by removing non-cellulosic substances|||
F05-A02A|Current|(1971-    )|Production of cellulose by pretreatment before digesting; pulping||Prior to 1971 see F05-A02.|
F05-A02B|Current|(1971-    )|Prodn. Of cellulose - pulp after-treatment, working up waste paper, other processes, bleaching||Prior to 1971 see F05-A02.|
F05-A02C|Current|(1971-    )|Production of cellulose - regeneration of pulp liquors, use of residues, treatment of waste water||Prior to 1971 see F05-A02.|
F05-A03|Current||Treatment of digested materials before paper-making machine; adding substances to web on machine||Including methods of beating; mechanical purification, screening.|
F05-A04|Current||Paper-making and machines|||
F05-A04A|Current|(1971-    )|Paper-making and machines - wet end of machines [general]||Including head boxes. Prior to 1971 see F05-A04.|
F05-A04B|Current|(1971-    )|Paper-making and machines - wet end, dewatering||Prior to 1971 see F05-A04.|
F05-A04C|Current|(1971-    )|Transfer wet to press, press section, drier section, other machine details||Prior to 1971 see F05-A04.|
F05-A04D|Current|(1971-    )|Complete machines, processes for making paper, cardboard||e.g. corrugated, blotting. Prior to 1971 see F05-A04.|
F05-A04E|Current|(2005-    )|Sterilization, cleaning of equipment||Including general air conditioning of paper factories, dust removal etc.|
F05-A05|Current||Calendars, doctors, accessories for paper making machines; testing paper; winding up paper|||
F05-A05A|Current|(2005-    )|Testing paper||Including equipment.|
F05-A05B|Current|(2005-    )|Embossing, stamping, forming etc||Including equipment.|
F05-A06|Current||Cardboard, paper manufacture not covered elsewhere; special paper or cardboard types||Including those prepared from basically non-cellulosic compositions|
F05-A06A|Current|(1971-    )|Cardboard, paper manufacture - multiply materials||Including corrugated cardboard. Prior to 1971 see F05-A06.|
F05-A06A1|Current|(2005-    )|Corrugated cardboard/paper|||
F05-A06A2|Current|(2005-    )|Multiply tissue, wipes|||
F05-A06B|Current|(1971-    )|Paper, cardboard by applying coatings||Including adhesives and surface sizing. Prior to 1971 see F05-A06.|
F05-A06C|Current|(1971-    )|Paper, cardboard by adding polymers, resins||Prior to 1971 see F05-A06.|
F05-A06D|Current|(1971-    )|Paper, cardboard by adding (in)organic compounds||Including dyes and optical brighteners. Prior to 1971 see F05-A06.|
F05-A06E|Current|(1986-    )|Cardboard or paper prepared from basically non-cellulosic compositions||Prior to 1986 see F05-A06.|
F05-A07|Current||Fibreboard, chipboard, manufacture of articles from fibrous cellulosic suspensions or papier-mache||e.g. disposable diapers.|
F05-B|Current|(1971-    )|Preservation and treatment of wood [plywood; other treatment]||Including staining, dyeing, bleaching, drying, flame proofing. Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
F05-B01|Current|(1971-    )|Preservation of wood||Including fungicide, insecticide, germicide. Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
G01|Current||Non-fibrous inorganic pigments, fillers|||
G01-A|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers [others]||When a pigment or filler contains more than one of the elements below, it is searchable using all the relevant codes.|
G01-A01|Current||Preparation, treatment or comps of specific pigments, fillers from alkaline earth metal compounds|||
G01-A02|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from zinc compounds|||
G01-A03|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from cadmium compounds|||
G01-A04|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from lead compounds|||
G01-A05|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from iron compounds|||
G01-A06|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from silicon compounds||Excluding clays, for which see G01-A10.|
G01-A07|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from chromium compounds|||
G01-A08|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from titanium compounds|||
G01-A09|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from mercury compounds|||
G01-A10|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from aluminium compounds||Including clays.|
G01-A11|Current||Preparation, treatment or compositions of specific pigments, fillers from carbon|||
G01-A12|Current||Preparation, treatment or comps. Of specific pigments, fillers from metal(compounds) [general]|||
G01-A12A|Current|(1986-    )|Prepn. treatment or comps. Of specific pigments, fillers from aluminium (alloy) powders, flakes||Prior to 1986 see G01-A12.|
G01-A13|Current|(2005-    )|Cobalt, nickel, copper compounds|||
G01-A14|Current|(2005-    )|Vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten compounds|||
G01-A15|Current|(2005-    )|Rare earth metal compounds|||
G01-A16|Current|(2005-    )|Antimony, tin, indium compounds|||
G01-B|Retired|(1970-1985)|Treatment to enhance properties of inorganic pigments and fillers [general]*||*Applied from 1970 to the end of 1985 and was then discontinued.|
G01-B01|Current|(1986-    )|Physical treatment to enhance properties of inorganic pigments and fillers||e.g. grinding, microwave. Prior to 1986 see G01-B.|
G01-B02|Current|(1986-    )|Inorganic treatment to enhance properties of inorganic pigments and fillers||Prior to 1986 see G01-B.|
G01-B03|Current|(1986-    )|Organic treatment to enhance properties of inorganic pigments and fillers||Including with polymer. Prior to 1986 see G01-B.|
G01-C|Current|(2005-    )|Multicomponent or composite pigments (containing at least one inorganic component)|||
G02|Current||Coatings, paints, inks, natural resins, polishes|||
G02-A|Current||Paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, pencil leads, crayons, other coatings|||
G02-A01|Current||Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on inorganic film formers|||
G02-A01A|Current|(1972-    )|Silicone based paints, varnishes, lacquers||Prior to 1972 see G02-A01.|
G02-A02|Current||Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on organic film formers|||
G02-A02A|Current||Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on natural polymers|||
G02-A02B|Current||Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on synthetic polymers [general]||Excluding silicone polymers, for which see G02-A01A.|
G02-A02B1|Current|(1994-    )|Addition polymer based paint|G02-A02C, G02-A02D|Indexed for the generic case.|
G02-A02B2|Current|(1994-    )|Condensation polymer based paint|G02-A02B|Indexed for the generic case.|
G02-A02C|Current|(1972-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on acrylics [general]||Prior to 1972 see G02-A02B.|
G02-A02C1|Current|(1977-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on acrylics containing epoxy groups||Prior to 1977 see G02-A02C.|
G02-A02C2|Current|(1977-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on hydroxyalkyl acrylates||Prior to 1977 see G02-A02C.|
G02-A02C3|Current|(1977-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on aminoalkyl acrylates||Prior to 1977 see G02-A02C.|
G02-A02C4|Current|(1986-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on acrylic nitriles, acids, amides, di- and polyacrylates||Excluding acrylated resins, for which see the appropriate unmodified resin. Prior to 1986 see G02-A02C.|
G02-A02D|Current|(1972-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on other vinyls and addition polymers||Prior to 1972 see G02-A02B.|
G02-A02D1|Current|(1977-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on addition polymers from diene or polyene||Excluding di- and poly- acrylates, for which see G02-A02C4. Prior to 1977 see G02-A02D.|
G02-A02D2|Current|(1977-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on vinyl halide polymers||Prior to 1977 see G02-A02D.|
G02-A02D3|Current|(1977-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers from vinyl carboxylates or unsaturated acids [exc. acrylics]||Or derivatives e.g. anhydride or ester. Prior to 1977 see G02-A02D.|
G02-A02D4|Current|(1977-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on polymers from other unsaturated aromatics||e.g. styrenes. Prior to 1977 see G02-A02D.|
G02-A02E|Current|(1972-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on polyesters||Including alkyds. Prior to 1972 see G02-A02B.|
G02-A02F|Current|(1972-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on phenoplasts, aminoplasts||Prior to 1972 see G02-A02B.|
G02-A02G|Current|(1972-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on epoxy resins||Prior to 1972 see G02-A02B.|
G02-A02H|Current|(1972-    )|Paints, varnishes, lacquers based on polyurethanes||Prior to 1972 see G02-A02B.|
G02-A03|Current||Additives for paints, varnishes, lacquers|||
G02-A03A|Current|(1972-    )|Organic pigment for paints, varnishes, lacquers||Prior to 1972 see G02-A03.|
G02-A03B|Current|(1977-    )|Antifouling additives for paints, varnishes, lacquers||Prior to 1977 see G02-A03.|
G02-A03C|Current|(1977-    )|Paint and ink removers, correcting fluids||Prior to 1977 see G02-A03.|
G02-A03D|Current|(1994-    )|Inorganic pigment for paint|G02-A03||
G02-A04|Current||Printing and writing inks; pencil leads, crayons [general]|||
G02-A04A|Current|(1977-    )|Printing and writing inks||Prior to 1977 see G02-A04.|
G02-A04B|Current|(1977-    )|Dyes and pigments for inks, crayons||Prior to 1977 see G02-A04.|
G02-A05|Current|(1971-    )|Other coating compositions||Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
G02-A05A|Current|(1977-    )|Other coating compositions for wire||Including electrical conductors and cables. Prior to 1977 see G02-A05.|
G02-A05B|Current|(1977-    )|Other coating compositions for electrical or magnetic material [exc. wire]||Prior to 1977 see G02-A05.|
G02-A05B1|Current|(1994-    )|Other coating compositions for magnetic recording materials|G02-A05B|For magneto-optical layers see also G06-D07.|
G02-A05C|Current|(1977-    )|Paper coatings||Prior to 1977 see G02-A05.|
G02-A05D|Current|(1977-    )|Non-stick, release and fire-proof coatings||Prior to 1977 see G02-A05.|
G02-A05E|Current|(1977-    )|Corrosion-resistant coatings for metal; primers||Prior to 1977 see G02-A05.|
G02-A05F|Current|(1977-    )|Coatings for concrete, masonry, walls, (incl. Water proofing); road paints; traffic sign paints||Prior to 1977 see G02-A05.|
G02-A05G|Current|(1994-    )|Antifouling coatings|G02-A05||
G02-A05H|Current|(1994-    )|Coatings on optical fibres|G02-A05||
G02-A05J|Current|(1994-    )|Anti-graffiti coatings|G02-A05||
G02-A05K|Current|(2005-    )|Coating for glass||(excluding G02-A05H) e.g. scratch resistance, anti-reflective, IR or UV absorption.|
G02-A06|Current|(1994-    )|Painting processes with no specific paint|||
G02-A06A|Current|(1994-    )|Paint spray booth cleaning/maintenance|||
G02-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Shape and form of coatings|||
G02-A07A|Current|(2006-    )|Powder coatings|||
G02-A07A1|Current|(2006-    )|Powder coatings in slurry form|||
G02-B|Current||Natural resins, driers, french polish|||
G02-B01|Current||Obtaining, purification, and chemical modification of natural resins||e.g. oleo-resins.|
G02-B02|Current||Obtaining spirits of turpentine|||
G02-B03|Current||Obtaining, purifying and chemical modification of drying oils|||
G02-B04|Current||Driers (siccatives)|||
G02-B05|Current||Preparation of french polish|||
G02-C|Current||Other polishing compositions; ski waxes|||
G03|Current||Adhesives||Macromolecular adhesives, other than glue or compositions based on them are classified in Section A, but their use for adhesive purposes is also classified here.|
G03-A|Current||Glue; gelatin|||
G03-B|Current||Adhesives [exc. glue; gelatin], general adhesive processes|||
G03-B01|Current||Inorganic adhesives||Including silicone resins.|
G03-B02|Current||Organic adhesives|||
G03-B02A|Current||Natural polymers adhesives||Excluding glue or gelatin, for which see G03-A and excluding rubber, for which see G03-B02B.|
G03-B02B|Current||Natural or synthetic rubbers adhesives|||
G03-B02C|Current||Synthetic polymers adhesives [general]|||
G03-B02D|Current|(1971-    )|Synthetic addition polymers adhesives||Prior to 1971 see G03-B02C.|
G03-B02D1|Current|(1977-    )|Acrylic polymers adhesives||Prior to 1977 see G03-B02D.|
G03-B02D2|Current|(1977-    )|Adhesives from polymers from vinyl halides or vinyl carboxylates||Prior to 1977 see G03-B02D.|
G03-B02D3|Current|(1977-    )|Adhesives from styrene polymers (optionally substituted); polymers from olefinic hydrocarbons||Prior to 1977 see G03-B02D.|
G03-B02E|Current|(1971-    )|Synthetic condensation polymers adhesives||Prior to 1971 see G03-B02C.|
G03-B02E1|Current|(1977-    )|Adhesives from aminoplasts, phenoplasts||Prior to 1977 see G03-B02E.|
G03-B02E2|Current|(1977-    )|Adhesives from epoxy resins||Prior to 1977 see G03-B02E.|
G03-B02E3|Current|(1977-    )|Adhesives from polyesters||Prior to 1977 see G03-B02E.|
G03-B02E4|Current|(1977-    )|Adhesives from polyurethanes; polyureas; other isocyanate resin-based adhesives||Prior to 1977 see G03-B02E.|
G03-B03|Current||Adhesive processes [general]|||
G03-B04|Current||Adhesive compositions in the form of film or foils; adhesive tape||e.g. on carriers.|
G04|Current||Miscellaneous compositions and applications|||
G04-A|Current||Luminescent or tenebrescent materials [luminescent materials; phosphor compositions]|||
G04-A01|Current|(1994-    )|Photochromic or tenebrescent materials|G04-A||
G04-B|Current||Miscellaneous compositions and applications - other compositions, uses in other processes||Including liquid crystals.|
G04-B01|Current||Material for heat transfer or for producing temp. Differences other than by combustion; antifreeze||e.g. by change in physical state.|
G04-B01A|Current|(2008-    )|Halogen containing Refrigerants|||
G04-B01A1|Current|(2008-    )|Refrigerants containing Fluorine as the only Halogen|||
G04-B01A2|Current|(2008-    )|Refrigerants containing both Fluorine + Chlorine|||
G04-B01A3|Current|(2008-    )|Fluoroether Refrigerants|||
G04-B01B|Current|(2008-    )|Hydrocarbon Refrigerants|||
G04-B01C|Current|(2008-    )|CO2 as a Refrigerant|||
G04-B01E|Current|(2008-    )|Other Specific Chemicals as Refrigerants|||
G04-B01F|Current|(2008-    )|Refrigerant Compositions or Blends Containing 2 or More Refrigerants|||
G04-B02|Current||Materials for sealing and packing joints or covers|||
G04-B03|Current||Antistatic compositions, uses||Other than in Section A and G06-A03.|
G04-B04|Current||Antislip; abrasive compositions, uses||Other than in Section A.|
G04-B05|Current||De-icing and de-misting compositions, uses|||
G04-B06|Current||Fire-proofing compositions, uses||Other than in Section A or F.|
G04-B07|Current||Aerosol compositions|||
G04-B08|Current|(1972-    )|Degreasing, cleaning, scouring and bleaching compositions||Other than in Section D or F. Prior to 1972 see G04-B.|
G04-B09|Current|(1972-    )|Flaw detection (including defectoscopy) and temperature sensitive compositions||Prior to 1972 see G04-B.|
G05|Current||Printing|||
G05-A|Current||Printing plates [general]|||
G05-A01|Current||Lithographic (planographic) printing plates|||
G05-A02|Current||Letterpress and deep relief printing plates|||
G05-A03|Current||Intaglio (gravure) printing plates|||
G05-A04|Current||Stencils|||
G05-B|Retired|(1970-1993)|Photosensitive resists*||*Code retired, now coded as G06-D04.|
G05-C|Current||Colour proofing|||
G05-D|Current|(1971-    )|Pressure sensitive copying materials||Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
G05-E|Current|(1971-    )|Non-radiation sensitive copying materials||Including electrolytic recording. Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
G05-F|Current|(1971-    )|Other printing materials and processes||Including magnetography; cleaning printing plates. Prior to 1971 no specific code was available.|
G05-F01|Current|(1986-    )|Decalcomanias, transfers, transfer compositions||Prior to 1986 see G05-F.|
G05-F02|Current|(1994-    )|Thermal heads|G05-F||
G05-F03|Current|(1994-    )|Ink jets/ink jet printing|G05-F|For inks used in ink-jet printing see G02-A04+.|
G06|Current||Photographic materials and processes|||
G06-A|Current||Photographic materials and processes - non-sensitive agents and layers [other]||Including carrier, timing and anti-curl layers.|
G06-A01|Current||Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - subbing|||
G06-A02|Current||Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - antihalation||Including filters, screening dyes.|
G06-A02A|Current|(2005-    )|Anti-reflective layer|||
G06-A03|Current||Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - antistatic|||
G06-A04|Current||Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - receiving||Including nucleating, nuclei.|
G06-A05|Current||Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - stripping, release|||
G06-A06|Current|(1971-    )|Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - binders||Prior to 1971 see G06-A.|
G06-A07|Current|(1972-    )|Electrically conductive layers for electrophotography||Prior to 1972 see G06-A.|
G06-A08|Current|(1986-    )|Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - barrier, protective, scratch resistant layers||Prior to 1986 see G06-A.|
G06-A09|Current|(1986-    )|Non-sensitive photo agents - intensifying/conversion screen, storage phosphor for X-ray materials||Prior to 1986 see G06-A in conjunction with G04-A, G06-D01 and G06-H07.|
G06-A10|Current|(1994-    )|Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - intermediate layer|G06-A|Indexed where the function of the layer is unspecified.|
G06-A11|Current|(1994-    )|Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - reflective layer|G06-A||
G06-A12|Current|(1994-    )|Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - magnetic layer|G06-A|See also G02-A05B1.|
G06-A13|Current|(1994-    )|Non-sensitive photographic agents and layers - dielectric layer|G06-A||
G06-B|Current||Photographic supports [exc. polymer, paper, metal]||e.g. glass.|
G06-B01|Current||Polymeric photographic supports|||
G06-B02|Current||Paper photographic supports|||
G06-B03|Current||Metal photographic supports|||
G06-C|Current||Photosensitive systems by type [other systems and materials]||Including vesicular; systems with light induced adhesiveness developed by toning.|
G06-C01|Current||Photosensitive layers having an incorporated coupler|||
G06-C02|Current||Kodachrome type colour materials||i.e. soluble coupler reacts with oxidised developer to form insoluble dye.|
G06-C03|Current||Dye destruction colour materials||e.g. silver dye bleach materials.|
G06-C04|Current||Electrophotographic colour materials|||
G06-C05|Current||Direct positive materials|||
G06-C06|Current||Print-out materials||Including ablative systems.|
G06-C07|Current||Photodevelopable or direct-print materials|||
G06-C08|Current||Heat developable, photosensitive materials|||
G06-C09|Current||Multicolour diffusion transfer materials|||
G06-C09A|Current|(1986-    )|Multicolour dye release diffusion transfer materials||Where, e.g., existing dyestuffs attached to ballast groups are released during development for diffusion. Prior to 1986 see G06-C09 in conjunction with G06-G10 and G06-G14.|
G06-C10|Current||Single colour diffusion transfer materials|||
G06-C10A|Current|(1986-    )|Single colour dye release diffusion transfer materials||Where, e.g., existing dyestuffs attached to ballast groups are released during development for diffusion. Prior to 1986 see G06-C10 in conjunction with G06-G01 and G06-G04.|
G06-C11|Current||Colloid transfer materials|||
G06-C12|Current||Imbibition dye transfer systems|||
G06-C13|Current||Additive colour systems|||
G06-C14|Current|(1986-    )|Elements with several (electro)-photographically active layers||e.g. multilayer colour-sensitive systems, or multilayer electro-photographic systems. Prior to 1986 no specific code was available.|
G06-C14A|Current|(1986-    )|Elements with several (electro)-photographically active layers - red sensitive layer||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available.|
G06-C14B|Current|(1986-    )|Elements with several (electro)-photographically active layers - blue sensitive layer||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available.|
G06-C14C|Current|(1986-    )|Elements with several (electro)-photographically active layers - green sensitive layer||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available.|
G06-C15|Current|(1986-    )|Releasing photographically active components on processing, other than dyestuffs||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available for this concept. See the codes for the individual active components released.|
G06-C16|Current|(1994-    )|Microencapsulated photosensitive systems|G06-C||
G06-D|Current||Photographic applications [other]||Including microfilms, cine-sound tracks, identity cards; holograms (with G06-E).|
G06-D01|Current||X-ray materials|||
G06-D02|Current||Lithographic films, papers (high contrast)|||
G06-D03|Current||Direct electron recording|||
G06-D04|Current||Photoresists||Excluding G06-D05+, G06-D06.|
G06-D05|Current|(1971-    )|Production of printing plates||Prior to 1971 see G06-D.|
G06-D05A|Current|(1986-    )|Production of printing plates electrophotographically||Prior to 1986 see G06-D05.|
G06-D06|Current|(1971-    )|Production of electrical elements||Prior to 1971 see G06-D.|
G06-D06A|Current|(2005-    )|Circuits and circuit components e.g. semiconductors||e.g. semiconductors|
G06-D06B|Current|(2005-    )|Optoelectronic e.g. LCD, optical filters, wave guides||e.g. LCD, optical filters,wave guides.|
G06-D07|Current|(1986-    )|Optical storage media||Including optical discs, laser recording discs and magneto-optical discs. Prior to 1986 see G06-D.|
G06-E|Current||Special photographic techniques [other]||Including holograms (with G06-D); silver recovery; packaging of photographic materials.|
G06-E01|Current||Special photographic techniques - screening (half tones)|||
G06-E02|Current||Special photographic techniques - masking|||
G06-E03|Current||Special photographic techniques - in-camera processing||Including integral film packs, e.g. 'Polaroid'(r).|
G06-E04|Current||Special photographic techniques - coating|||
G06-E05|Current||Special photographic techniques - drying||Including during manufacture.|
G06-F|Current||Radiation sensitive systems [others]||i.e. element in systems. (Including silver salts other than halide.)|
G06-F01|Current||Silver halide radiation sensitive systems|||
G06-F01A|Current|(1994-    )|Silver halide tabular grain emulsion|G06-F01||
G06-F01B|Current|(1994-    )|Silver halide core-shell emulsion|G06-F01||
G06-F02|Current||Diazo radiation sensitive systems|||
G06-F03|Current||Polymeric radiation sensitive systems|||
G06-F03A|Current|(1977-    )|Polymeric photoconductors||Prior to 1977 see G06-F03 in conjunction with G06-F06.|
G06-F03B|Current|(1977-    )|Radiation-sensitive composition containing monomer||Prior to 1977 see G06-F03.|
G06-F03C|Current|(1977-    )|Radiation-sensitive composition containing polymer||Prior to 1977 see G06-F03.|
G06-F03D|Current|(1977-    )|Radiation-sensitive composition containing polymeric additives||e.g. photosensitisers. Prior to 1977 see G06-F03.|
G06-F04|Current||Radiation sensitive systems - non-silver metals and their compounds|||
G06-F05|Current||Radiation-sensitive dyes|||
G06-F06|Current||Radiation sensitive systems - organic photoconductors, charge generator/transport materials|||
G06-F07|Current||Radiation sensitive systems - inorganic photoconductors, charge generator/transport materials|||
G06-F07A|Current|(1972-    )|Radiation sensitive systems - photoconductor, charge generator/transporter contg. Zno or Se||Including Selenium alloys or compounds. Prior to 1972 see G06-F07.|
G06-F08|Current||Heat sensitive||Including thermographic and infra-red systems.|
G06-F08A|Current|(1986-    )|Heat sensitive containing novel active materials||Such as (leuco) dyes, couplers, chromogenic compounds (colour formers), electron donors, electron acceptors. Prior to 1986 see G06-F08.|
G06-G|Current||Photographic processing agents and steps [others]||Black and white silver halide processing.|
G06-G01|Current||Black and white silver halide processing agents and steps - developing|||
G06-G02|Current||Black and white silver halide processing agents and steps - fixing|||
G06-G03|Current||Black and white silver halide processing agents and steps - stabilisation processing|||
G06-G04|Current||Other black and white silver halide processing steps||Electrophotographic|
G06-G05|Current||Electrophotographic processing agents and steps - dry toning|||
G06-G05A|Current|(2005-    )|Dry toning composition|||
G06-G05B|Current|(2005-    )|Substrates for electrophotographic printing|||
G06-G06|Current||Electrophotographic processing agents and steps - liquid toning|||
G06-G07|Current||Electrophotographic processing agents and steps - charging|||
G06-G08|Current||Other electrophotographic processing steps|||
G06-G08A|Current|(1972-    )|Other electrophotographic processing steps - imaging methods||Including deformation of thermoplastic layers, electrophoretic compositions. Prior to 1972 see G06-G08.|
G06-G08B|Current|(1986-    )|Other electrophotographic processing steps - toner transfer processes||Prior to 1986 see G06-G08.|
G06-G08C|Current|(1986-    )|Other electrophotographic processing steps - fusing, fixing processes||Prior to 1986 see G06-G08.|
G06-G08D|Current|(1986-    )|Other electrophotographic processing steps - charge transfer, latent image transfer processes||Prior to 1986 see G06-G08.|
G06-G08E|Current|(2005-    )|Cleaning processes|||
G06-G09|Current||Diazo processing (including ammonia vapour)||Colour silver halide processing.|
G06-G10|Current||Colour silver halide processing agents and steps - development|||
G06-G11|Current||Colour silver halide processing agents and steps - bleaching|||
G06-G12|Current||Colour silver halide processing agents and steps - fixing|||
G06-G13|Current||Colour silver halide processing agents and steps - stabilisation processing|||
G06-G14|Current||Other colour silver halide processing steps|||
G06-G15|Current||Monobath processing|||
G06-G16|Current||Reversal processing (two development steps give direct positive image)|||
G06-G17|Current|(1986-    )|Development of photosensitive resin systems||Prior to 1986 see G06-G.|
G06-G18|Current|(1986-    )|Image formation by exposure to ionising radiation, light etc.||Prior to 1986 no specific code was available.|
G06-H|Current||Photographic agents [miscellaneous materials of unspecified photographic use]|||
G06-H01|Current||Photographic agents - chemical sensitisers|||
G06-H02|Current||Photographic agents - fungicides, bactericides|||
G06-H03|Current||Photographic agents - antifoggants, emulsion/developer stabilisers|||
G06-H04|Current||Photographic agents - covering power increasing agents|||
G06-H05|Current||Photographic agents - image toners (non-electrophotographic)|||
G06-H06|Current||Photographic agents - desensitisers||Including electron acceptors.|
G06-H07|Current||Photographic agents - spectral (optical) sensitisers|||
G06-H07A|Current||Photographic agents - cyanines spectral (optical) sensitisers|||
G06-H07B|Current||Photographic agents - merocyanines (neutrocyanine) spectral (optical) sensitisers|||
G06-H07C|Current||Photographic agents - oxanols spectral (optical) sensitisers|||
G06-H07D|Current||Photographic agents - pyrylium types spectral (optical) sensitisers|||
G06-H08|Current||Photographic agents - couplers|||
G06-H08A|Current||Photographic agents - phenolic (naphtholic) couplers|||
G06-H08B|Current||Photographic agents - pyrazolones couplers|||
G06-H08C|Current||Photographic agents - keto-methylene types couplers|||
G06-H08D|Current|(1994-    )|Photographic agents - pyrazolotriazole couplers|G06-H08||
G06-H09|Current||Photographic agents - brighteners|||
G06-H09A|Current||Photographic agents - oxazoles brighteners|||
G06-H09B|Current||Photographic agents - stilbenes brighteners|||
G06-H09C|Current||Photographic agents - coumarins brighteners|||
G06-H09D|Current||Photographic agents - thiazoles brighteners|||
G06-H10|Current||Photographic agents - mordants|||
G06-H11|Current||Photographic agents - image stabilisers|||
G06-H12|Current||Photographic agents - development accelerators|||
G06-H13|Current||Photographic agents - development restrainers|||
G06-H14|Current||Photographic agents - hardeners (used for anti-hardeners, crosslinking agents)|||
G06-H15|Current||Photographic agents - plasticisers|||
G06-H16|Current||Photographic agents - matting agents|||
G06-H17|Current||Photographic agents - lubricants|||
G06-H18|Current||Photographic agents - coating aids|||
G06-H19|Current|(1986-    )|Other specific photographic agents||Including materials such as solvents for incorporation of incompatible (e.g. hydrophobic) agents in photographic compositions or layers. Prior to 1986 see G06-H.|
H01|Current||Crude oil and natural gas|||
H01-A|Current|(1970-    )|Crude oil and natural gas exploration [unclassified]|||
H01-A01|Current||Crude oil and natural gas exploration - geological; geophysical||E.g. seismic exploration|
H01-A01A|Current|(2006-    )|Seismic surveying||For exploration prior to well drilling. For well logging see H01-A02|
H01-A02|Current||Crude oil and natural gas exploration - well logging [general]|||
H01-A02A|Current|(1986-    )|Crude oil and natural gas exploration - electric/magnetic logging||Includes NMR logging|
H01-A02B|Current|(1986-    )|Crude oil and natural gas exploration - radioactive logging|||
H01-A02C|Current|(1986-    )|Crude oil and natural gas exploration - acoustic logging|||
H01-B|Current||Crude oil and natural gas drilling [unclassified]|||
H01-B01|Current||Marine drilling structures and equipment||Includes mooring and mudmat for offshore|
H01-B01A|Current|(1986-    )|Marine drilling structures and equipment - fixed multi-well platforms|||
H01-B01B|Current|(1986-    )|Marine drilling structures and equipment - mobile jack-up platforms|||
H01-B01C|Current|(1986-    )|Marine drilling structures and equipment - drill ships|||
H01-B01D|Current|(1986-    )|Marine drilling structures and equipment - semi-submersible platforms|||
H01-B01E|Current|(2002-    )|Decommissioning of marine production platforms||Including reuse of upper parts, such as decks|
H01-B02|Current||Slim hole drilling|||
H01-B03|Current||Rotary drilling|||
H01-B03A|Current|(1970-    )|Rotary drilling - derricks, rig floor equipment||Including downhole blowout preventers|
H01-B03A1|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - derricks|||
H01-B03A2|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - drilling mud mixing and return mud processing|||
H01-B03A3|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - hoisting and rotating equipment|||
H01-B03B|Current|(1970-    )|Rotary drilling - well control equipment||Also includes logging-while-drilling and measuring and controlling downhole conditions/parameters, etc.|
H01-B03B1|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - logging while drilling|||
H01-B03B2|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - measuring procedures and equipment|||
H01-B03B3|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - valves and control equipment||Including downhole blowout preventers|
H01-B03C|Current|(1970-    )|Rotary drilling - subsurface equipment|||
H01-B03C1|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - drill bits|||
H01-B03C2|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - drill collars|||
H01-B03C3|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - drill pipe|||
H01-B03C4|Current|(1986-    )|Rotary drilling - kelly|||
H01-B03C5|Current|(2006-    )|Drill and casing protectors, Centralisers|||
H01-B03C6|Current|(2007-    )|Drilling Riser|||
H01-B03D|Current|(2005-    )|Transmission/Generation of power, data etc.||Includes cables, connectors, antennae etc. for downhole use|
H01-B04|Current||Cable drilling|||
H01-B05|Current||Other drilling methods and equipment||Including electric, explosive, thermal and hydraulic, also includes undereamer assemblies|
H01-B05A|Current|(1986-    )|Drilling methods and equipment - directional and turbo-drilling|||
H01-B05B|Current|(1986-    )|Drilling methods and equipment - coring||E.g. sampling|
H01-B06|Current|(1994-    )|Drilling fluids|||
H01-B06A|Current|(1986-    )|Water-based drilling fluids|||
H01-B06B|Current|(1986-    )|Oil based drilling fluids|||
H01-B06C|Current|(1994-    )|Drilling fluid additives|||
H01-B07|Current||Fishing and retrieval tools|||
H01-B08|Current|(1986-    )|Testing operations and equipment [general]|||
H01-C|Current|(1970-    )|Well completion, stimulating, and servicing [unclassified]|||
H01-C01|Current||Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - casing and tubing [general] [exc. well packers]|||
H01-C01A|Current|(1986-    )|Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - casing and tubing well packers|||
H01-C01B|Current|(2005-    )|Joining of casing||Includes of formation of joints and lateral wellbore sections.|
H01-C02|Current|(1986-    )|Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - cementing||Includes plastering.|
H01-C02A|Current|(1986-    )|Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - cementing|||
H01-C02B|Current|(1986-    )|Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - cement compositions|||
H01-C03|Current|(1970-    )|Fracturing; Fracking|||
H01-C04|Current||Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - acidising|||
H01-C05|Current||Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - perforating|||
H01-C06|Current||Wellhead equipment [general]|||
H01-C06A|Current|(1986-    )|Wellhead equipment - blowout preventers|||
H01-C07|Current||Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - screens and liners|||
H01-C08|Current||Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - gravel packing|||
H01-C09|Current|(1970-    )|Well completion, stimulating, and servicing - consolidation of incompetent formations|||
H01-C10|Current|(1970-    )|Well servicing||E.g. cleaning deposits.|
H01-C11|Current|(1986-    )|Testing, control operations and equipment, general|||
H01-C12|Current|(2005-    )|Water control compositions||For methods, see H01-D14.|
H01-C13|Current|(2012-    )|Cutting or destroying of packers, pipes, plugs, etc.||Includes reconditioning of well casings, cutting and destroying of damaged pipes, windows, etc.|
H01-C14|Current|(2012-    )|Lost circulation control/materials|||
H01-D|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas [unclassified]|||
H01-D01|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - oil-lifting equipment|||
H01-D02|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - gas-lifting equipment|||
H01-D03|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - pumps|||
H01-D04|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - separators|||
H01-D05|Current||Marine production equipment for crude oil and natural gas|||
H01-D06|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - waterflooding [general]|||
H01-D06A|Current|(1986-    )|Producing crude oil and natural gas - brine flooding|||
H01-D06B|Current|(1986-    )|Producing crude oil and natural gas - steam flooding|||
H01-D06C|Current|(1994-    )|Producing crude oil and natural gas - co2 flooding|||
H01-D06D|Current|(2002-    )|Polymer flooding|||
H01-D06E|Current|(2002-    )|Alkaline flooding|||
H01-D07|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - repressuring|||
H01-D08|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - thermal methods||E.g. steam injection, microwaves, etc.|
H01-D09|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - chemical methods|||
H01-D10|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - oil shale treatment and equipment|||
H01-D11|Current||Producing crude oil and natural gas - tar sands treatment and equipment||E.g. bitumen extraction|
H01-D12|Current|(1986-    )|Testing, control operations and equipment, general|||
H01-D13|Current|(1994-    )|Producing crude oil and natural gas - methods using bacteria|||
H01-D14|Current|(2005-    )|Water control methods||For compositions, see H01-C12|
H01-E|Current||Crude oil and natural gas treating and testing [unclassified]||Does not include well treatment procedures already covered in H01-C:|
H01-E01|Current||Crude oil and natural gas treating and testing - emulsion breaking, desalting and dehydrating|||
H01-E02|Current||Crude oil and natural gas treating and testing - corrosion inhibiting|||
H01-E03|Current|(2005-    )|Testing crude oils|||
H01-E04|Current|(2010-    )|Water treatment||Includes composition e.g. anti-sludging agent, and apparatus|
H01-E05|Current|(2010-    )|Scale Inhibition|||
H01-F|Current|(1970-    )|Natural gas [unclassified]|||
H01-F01|Current|(1970-    )|Natural gas - field treatment and processing|||
H01-F02|Current|(1970-    )|Natural gas - liquefaction methods and equipment|||
H01-G|Current|(1994-    )|Extinguishing oil well fires|||
H01-G01|Current|(1994-    )|Extinguishing oil well fires by explosives|||
H01-G02|Current|(1994-    )|Extinguishing oil well fires by capping|||
H01-G03|Current|(2011-    )|Flame retardant materials|||
H01-H|Current|(2010-    )|Well killing||Includes well killing compositions|
H01-P|Current|(2010-    )|Oil and gas well pipes||Includes pipes used during well drilling, completion and production (Analyst's suggestion was "Includes during well drilling, completion and production").|pipeline
H01-R|Current|(2010-    )|Depleted oil /gas fields||Includes e.g. geothermal energy extraction systems|
H01-X|Current|(2010-    )|Other||Includes well tractors and protective clothining|
H02|Current||Unit operations|||
H02-A|Current|(1970-    )|Unit operations - distillation [unclassified]|||
H02-A01|Current||Fractional distillation|||
H02-A02|Current||Atmospheric distillation|||
H02-A03|Current||Azeotropic distillation|||
H02-A04|Current||Extractive distillation|||
H02-A05|Current||Steam distillation|||
H02-A06|Current||Vacuum distillation|||
H02-B|Current|(1970-    )|Unit operations - sorption [unclassified]|||
H02-B01|Current||Molecular sieves sorption||Includes metal-organic frameworks|
H02-B02|Current||Silica gel sorption|||
H02-B03|Current||Carbon sorption|||
H02-B04|Current||Urea sorption**|||
H02-B05|Current|(2002-    )|Pressure swing adsorption|||
H02-C|Current|(1970-    )|Unit operations - solvent extraction [unclassified]|||
H02-C01|Current||Unit operations - solvent extraction organic liquids|||
H02-C02|Current||Unit operations - solvent extraction inorganic liquids|||
H02-D|Current|(1970-    )|Miscellaneous operations|||
H02-D01|Current|(1970-    )|Ion exchange processes|||
H02-D02|Current|(1970-    )|Separation by adduct (urea etc.)|||
H02-D03|Current|(1986-    )|Centrifugal separation|||
H02-D04|Current|(1986-    )|Membrane/filter separation|||
H03|Current||Transportation and storage [general]|||
H03-A|Current||Transportation and storage - gathering lines [general]|||
H03-B|Current|(1970-    )|Transportation and storage - pipelines [general]||Includes oil and gas transportation pumps.|
H03-B01|Current|(1994-    )|Transportation and storage - pipelines fluid loss additives|||
H03-B02|Current|(2002-    )|Installing/testing pipelines|||
H03-B03|Current|(2002-    )|Pipeline accessories||E.g. connectors|
H03-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Repairing pipelines|||
H03-C|Current||Transportation and storage - tanks cars and trucks [general]|||
H03-D|Current||Transportation and storage - marine [general]||E.g. oil tankers|
H03-E|Current||Storage tanks and containers [general]|||
H03-E01|Current|(2005-    )|Recondensation systems||To prevent loss of HC, especially natural gases, to the atmosphere|
H03-F|Current||Underground storage [general]|||
H03-G|Current||Transportation and storage - pollution control, methods and equipment [general]|||
H03-G01|Current|(2002-    )|Marine oil pollution||E.g. booms, skimmers, etc.|
H03-G02|Current|(2002-    )|Soil contamination||E.g. from oil spills|
H03-X|Current||Other transportation and storage of oil and gas|||
H03-X01|Current|(2005-    )|Transferring oil or petroleum|||
H03-X02|Current|(2006-    )|Testing||E.g. testing and monitoring in storage applications, such as level of stored component, tank leakage|
H04|Current||Petroleum processing|||
H04-A|Current|(1970-    )|Petroleum processing - treating [unclassified]|||
H04-A01|Current||Petroleum processing - sweetening|||
H04-A02|Current||Petroleum processing - metal contaminant removal|||
H04-A03|Current||Petroleum processing - nitrogen contaminant removal|||
H04-A04|Current||Petroleum processing - gum or gum former removal|||
H04-A05|Current||Petroleum processing - treating with acid|||
H04-A06|Current||Petroleum processing - treating with alkali|||
H04-A07|Current||Petroleum processing - treating with hydrogen||E.g. hydrotreating|
H04-A08|Current||Petroleum processing - deasphalting|||
H04-A09|Current||Petroleum processing - deoiling|||
H04-A10|Current||Petroleum processing - dewaxing||Includes deparaffination/dewaxing|
H04-A10A|Retired|(2002-2004)|Deparaffination/dehazing*||*Scope now covered by H04-A10|
H04-B|Current|(1970-    )|Petroleum processing - cracking [unclassified]|||
H04-B01|Current||Petroleum processing - thermal cracking and coking|||
H04-B02|Current||Petroleum processing - catalytic cracking|||
H04-B03|Current||Petroleum processing - hydrocracking|||
H04-B04|Current|(2013-    )|Other cracking methods||Includes cracking of hydrocarbons by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs.|
H04-C|Current|(1970-    )|Petroleum processing - reforming [unclassified]|||
H04-C01|Current||Petroleum processing - thermal reforming|||
H04-C02|Current||Petroleum processing - catalytic reforming|||
H04-C03|Current||Petroleum processing - hydroforming|||
H04-D|Current|(1970-    )|Gasoline preparation [unclassified]|||
H04-D01|Current||Gasoline preparation by polymerisation|||
H04-D02|Current||Gasoline preparation by alkylation|||
H04-D03|Current||Gasoline preparation by isomerisation|||
H04-E|Current||Other petroleum processes [unclassified]||Includes all hydrocarbon conversion procedures not specifically covered elsewhere.|
H04-E01|Current||Other petroleum processes - aromatisation|||
H04-E02|Current||Other petroleum processes - biosynthesis|||
H04-E03|Current||Other petroleum processes - dehydrogenation|||
H04-E04|Current||Other petroleum processes - gasification, steam reforming|||
H04-E05|Current||Other petroleum processes - hydrocarbon synthesis|||
H04-E06|Current||Other petroleum processes - hydrogen manufacture|||
H04-E07|Current||Other petroleum processes - pollution control||Scope is covered by H05-L+ since 197031.|
H04-E08|Current|(1970-    )|Other petroleum processes - hydrogenation|||
H04-E09|Current|(1970-    )|Other petroleum processes - dealkylation|||
H04-E10|Current|(1970-    )|Town gas production|||
H04-E11|Current|(1994-    )|Other petroleum processes - isomerisation (non-gasoline production)|||
H04-E12|Current|(2002-    )|Dearomatisation|||
H04-E13|Current|(2002-    )|Alkylation|||
H04-E14|Current|(2011-    )|(De)halogenation|||
H04-E15|Current|(2011-    )|Etherification|||
H04-E16|Current|(2012-    )|Oligomerisation|||
H04-E17|Current|(2013-    )|Esterification|||
H04-F|Current|(1970-    )|Catalysts for petroleum processing [unclassified]|||
H04-F01|Current||Preparation/composition||This code was retired in 199701. Catalyst production is now coded in H04-F05 and composition in H04-F06.|
H04-F02|Current|(1977-    )|Preparation/composition of catalysts for petroleum processing general (no process specified)|||
H04-F02A|Current|(1977-    )|Preparation/composition of catalysts for petroleum treating|||
H04-F02B|Current|(1977-    )|Preparation/composition of catalysts for petroleum cracking|||
H04-F02C|Current|(1977-    )|Preparation/composition of catalysts for petroleum reforming|||
H04-F02D|Current|(1977-    )|Preparation/composition of catalysts for gasoline preparation|||
H04-F02E|Current|(1977-    )|Preparation/composition of catalysts for other petroleum processes|||
H04-F03|Current|(1977-    )|Catalyst carriers for petroleum processing|||
H04-F04|Current|(2002-    )|Regeneration|||
H04-F05|Current|(2005-    )|Catalyst production and manufacture|||
H04-F06|Current|(2010-    )|Catalyst composition|||
H05|Current||Refinery engineering|||
H05-A|Current||Refinery engineering - furnaces [general]|||
H05-B|Current||Refinery engineering - towers and equipment thereof [general]|||
H05-C|Current||Refinery engineering - pressure vessels [general]|||
H05-D|Current||Refinery engineering - pipes, fittings, valves [general]|||
H05-E|Current||Refinery engineering - pumps and compressors [general]|||
H05-F|Current||Refinery engineering - flares [general]|||
H05-G|Current||Refinery engineering - electrical equipment [general]|||
H05-H|Current||Refinery engineering - prime movers [general]|||
H05-J|Current||Refinery engineering - automatic control equipment [general]|||
H05-K|Current||Refinery engineering - test equipment and test procedures [general]|||
H05-L|Current|(1970-    )|Refinery engineering - pollution control [general]|||
H05-L01|Current|(1970-    )|Refinery engineering - air pollution control|||
H05-L02|Current|(1970-    )|Refinery engineering - water pollution control|||
H05-L03|Current|(2005-    )|Ground pollution|||
H05-M|Current||Refinery engineering - quenching and heat exchange equipment [general]|||
H05-N|Current|(2002-    )|Reactors [general]|||
H05-P|Current|(2002-    )|Chemical treatment [general]||E.g. coke inhibition, defoaming, descaling, etc.|
H05-X|Current||Other refinery equipment and methods|||
H06|Current||Gaseous and liquid fuels|||
H06-A|Current|(1970-    )|Gaseous fuels|||
H06-A01|Current||(Liquefied) petroleum gases|||
H06-A02|Current||(Liquefied) natural gas|||
H06-A03|Current|(2002-    )|Hydrogen|||
H06-A04|Current|(2002-    )|Biofuel gases||E.g. methane production by digestion or fermentation of e.g. waste organic materials|
H06-A05|Current|(2010-    )|Synthesis gas|||
H06-B|Current|(1970-    )|Liquid fuels [unclassified]|||
H06-B01|Current||Gasoline|||
H06-B02|Current||Kerosene|||
H06-B03|Current||Jet fuels|||
H06-B04|Current||Diesel fuels|||
H06-B04A|Current|(2005-    )|Biodiesel||Covers any Diesel fuel containing components manufactured from vegetable oils of e.g. waste organic materials|
H06-B05|Current||Heating oils and fuel oils|||
H06-B06|Current|(2002-    )|Liquid fuels derived from waste polymer material|||
H06-B07|Current|(2005-    )|Other liquid biofuels||Any liquid fuels produced biologically other than biodiesel and alcohol|
H06-B08|Current|(2005-    )|Alcohol fuels||Includes ethanol/methanol and alcohol-based fuels e.g. as used in Brazil|
H06-B09|Current|(2006-    )|Emulsion fuels|||
H06-C|Current|(1970-    )|Gaseous and liquid fuels - pollution control [unclassified]|||
H06-C01|Current|(1970-    )|Gaseous and liquid fuels - air pollution control**|||
H06-C01A|Current||Gaseous and liquid fuels - catalytic air pollution control**|||
H06-C01B|Current|(2006-    )|Non-Catalytic|||
H06-C02|Current|(1970-    )|Gaseous and liquid fuels - water pollution control|||
H06-C03|Current|(1975-    )|Gaseous and liquid fuels - catalytic I.C. engine, pollution control|||
H06-C03A|Old|(1975-2012)|Gaseous and liquid fuels - oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons pollution control|||
H06-C03A|Current|(2013-    )|Oxidation of CO, NO and hydrocarbons|||
H06-C03B|Current|(1975-    )|Gaseous and liquid fuels - reduction of N oxides pollution control|||
H06-C03B1|Current|(2007-    )|Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)||Injection of small amounts of urea and water into hot ic. Engine exhaust gas to reduce NOX production|
H06-C03C|Current|(2006-    )|Sulfur oxides|||
H06-C04|Current|(1975-    )|Gaseous and liquid fuels - non-catalytic I.C. engine, pollution control|||
H06-C04A|Current|(2005-    )|By filtration||Includes filter regeneration.|
H06-C04B|Current|(2011-    )|By centrifugal force|||
H06-C04C|Current|(2012-    )|By Electrostatic precipitation|||
H06-C05|Current|(2002-    )|Detection, control and measurement of I.C. engine exhaust gases|||
H06-C06|Old|(2012-2012)|Testing or monitoring of exhaust treatment devices||Includes measuring, testing and monitoring of filters, catalysts, etc.|
H06-C06|Current|(2013-    )|Testing, controlling and monitoring of exhaust treatment devices||Includes measuring, testing, controlling and monitoring of filters, catalysts, etc.|
H06-D|Current|(1986-    )|Gaseous and liquid fuels - additives [multifunctional and general]|||
H06-D01|Current|(1986-    )|Antioxidants, stabilisers for gaseous and liquid fuels|||
H06-D02|Current|(1986-    )|Corrosion and rust inhibitors for gaseous and liquid fuels|||
H06-D03|Current|(1986-    )|Anti-icing agents, detergents, dispersants for gaseous and liquid fuels||Includes surfactants.|
H06-D04|Current|(1986-    )|Anti-knocking agents, combustion efficiency improvers for gaseous and liquid fuels|||
H06-D05|Current|(1986-    )|Cloud/pour point depressants, fluidity improvers||Includes additives for decreasing cold filter plugging point.|
H06-D06|Current|(1986-    )|Friction reducing and antiwear agents for gaseous and liquid fuels|||
H06-D07|Current|(1986-    )|Other specified, but unclassified additive functions for gaseous and liquid fuels|||
H06-D08|Current|(2005-    )|Biocidal||Includes anti-slime compounds|
H06-E|Current|(1994-    )|Testing fuels (gaseous or liquid) [general]|||
H06-F|Current|(1994-    )|Marking fuels [general]|||
H06-P|Current|(2012-    )|Fuel preparation||Includes manufacturing techniques/apparatus of liquid and gaseous fuels.|
H06-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other fuel aspects|||
H06-X01|Current|(2006-    )|Treatment of fuels||Includes processes such as chemical, electrical and magnetic treatments as well as irradiation. For fuel separation, see H06-X02.|
H06-X02|Current|(2012-    )|Separation of fuels||E.g. removal of gaseous/liquid fuel from a mixture.|
H06-X03|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling/regeneration of fuels|||
H07|Current||Lubricants and lubrication|||
H07-A|Current||Synthetic lubricants and lubrication [general, including lubricants of non-petroleum origin]|||
H07-A01|Current|(2005-    )|Lubes of vegetable origin|||
H07-A02|Old|(2005-2006)|Oxygen-containing lubricants - general||Includes ester lubricants, ethers and polyethers, and carboxylic acids including fatty acids.|
H07-A02|Current|(2007-    )|Oxygen-containing lubricants - general||Includes (Poly)ethers. Other specific examples of types of compounds which are oxygen-containing lubricants are coded in H07-A02A and H07-A02B.|
H07-A02A|Current|(2007-    )|Carboxylic esters|||
H07-A02B|Current|(2007-    )|Polyalkylene glycols (PAGS), polyalkylene oxide, polyoxyalkylenes|||
H07-A03|Current|(2005-    )|Olefin polymers, group IV oils||Polyalphaolefins (PAO's)|
H07-A04|Current|(2005-    )|Hydrocarbons||E.g. alkyl benzenes|
H07-B|Current||Mineral lubricants and lubrication [general]|||
H07-B01|Current|(2005-    )|Hydroprocessed or hydrocracked mineral oils||Extremely High Viscosity Index XHVI oils. Group II lubricants and Group III lubricants are by definition hydroprocessed /hydrocracked oils of specified viscosity ranges.|
H07-C|Current||Greases lubricants and lubrication [general]|||
H07-D|Current||Solid or semisolid lubricants [general]|||
H07-D11|Retired|(2005-2006)|Refrigeration media*||*Replaced by H08-D11. All H07-D11 coded documents will be corrected to H08-D11.|
H07-E|Current||Lubricants used in the gas or vapour phase [general]|||
H07-F|Current||Lubrication of machines [general]||Including lubricating devices|
H07-G|Current||Lubricant additives [general]||Includes additives used for speciality products given under H08-D|
H07-G01|Current||Antioxidants, stabilisers for lubricants|||
H07-G02|Current||Corrosion and rust inhibitors for lubricants|||
H07-G03|Current||Detergents, dispersants for lubricants|||
H07-G04|Current||Extreme pressure additives for lubricants|||
H07-G05|Current||Pour depressants additives for lubricants|||
H07-G06|Current||VI improvers for lubricants|||
H07-G07|Current||Lubricity additives for lubricants|||
H07-G08|Current||Multifunctional additives for lubricants|||
H07-G09|Current||Other specified, but unclassified additive functions additives for lubricants|||
H07-G10|Current|(2006-    )|Biocidal|||
H07-H|Current||Used lube oils and speciality products, recovery and/or treatment|||
H07-J|Current|(2002-    )|Testing oils [general]|||
H07-K|Current|(2002-    )|Marking oils [general]|||
H07-L|Current|(2006-    )|Lubricant production|||
H07-X|Current||Other lubrication aspects|||
H08|Current||Other petroleum products|||
H08-A|Current||Waxes [general]|||
H08-B|Current||Asphalt [general]||E.g. bitumen|
H08-C|Current||Residuum [general]|||
H08-D|Current||Speciality petroleum products [speciality oils, unclassified/general]|||
H08-D01|Current||White oils|||
H08-D02|Current||Antifreeze|||
H08-D03|Current||Solvents|||
H08-D04|Current||Cutting oils, emulsions (including those of non-petroleum origin)|||
H08-D05|Current||Hydraulic fluids (including those of non-petroleum origin)|||
H08-D06|Current||Textile oils|||
H08-D07|Old|(1986-2005)|Rolling oils||Until 200601, code entitled 'Rolling oils'|
H08-D07|Current|(2006-    )|Until 200601, code entitled 'Rolling oils'. This code covers all metal working fluids including rolling oils since 200601.||Until 200601, code entitled 'Rolling oils'|
H08-D08|Current|(1986-    )|Electrical insulating oils (including those of non-petroleum origin)||Includes electrorheological fluid|
H08-D09|Current|(1986-    )|Heat transfer fluids|||
H08-D10|Current|(2005-    )|For lubrication of electrical components|||
H08-D11|Current|(2007-    )|Refrigeration lubricants|H07-D11|Replaces H07-D11. See also J07-A09. All H07-D11 coded documents will be corrected to H08-D11.|
H08-D12|Current|(2011-    )|Magnetorheological fluid|||
H08-E|Current|(1970-    )|Other petroleum products [general/unclassified]|||
H08-E01|Current|(1970-    )|Carbon black|||
H08-E01A|Current|(2002-    )|Activated carbon|||
H08-E02|Current|(1970-    )|Petroleum coke|||
H08-E03|Current|(1970-    )|Proteins|||
H08-E04|Retired|(1970-2004)|Fuel cells*||*Scope covered by L03-E04 and X16-C codes|
H08-E05|Current|(1970-    )|Surfactants, detergents|||
H08-E06|Current|(1970-    )|(Unrefined) petroleum products used as binders|||
H08-E07|Current|(2005-    )|Emulsifiers, foam regulators and wetting agents|||
H08-E10|Current|(2005-    )|Biocidal|||
H09|Current||Fuels not of petroleum origin|||
H09-A|Current||Destructive distillation of carbonaceous materials for gas, tar, coke etc. -general and unclassified|||
H09-A01|Current|(1975-    )|Coal hydrogenation, liquefaction, etc.|||
H09-A01A|Current|(1975-    )|In situ (underground) treatment of coal (combustion, liquefaction, etc.)|||
H09-A02|Current|(1975-    )|Coke ovens, appts., operation, etc.|||
H09-A02A|Current|(1975-    )|Metallurgical coke production|||
H09-A02B|Current|(1986-    )|Handling and charging equipment||Includes discharging and quenching equipment|
H09-B|Current||Working up of peat, production of pyroligneous acid [general]|||
H09-C|Current||Producer gas, water gas, synthesis gas production from solid carbonaceous material||e.g. gasification|
H09-D|Current||Treatment of gases containing CO [general]||e.g. coke oven gas treatment|
H09-E|Old|(1970-2012)|Acetylene production by wet methods [general]||including purification of fuels containing acetylene|
H09-E|Current|(2013-    )|Acetylene production by dry/wet methods||Including purification of fuels containing acetylene.|
H09-F|Current||Other fuels and their treatment [general]||including briquettes, firelighters, solidified fluid fuels general|
H09-F01|Current|(1986-    )|Briquettes, firelighters, solidified fluid fuels|||
H09-F02|Current|(1986-    )|Industrial waste treatment|||
H09-F03|Current|(1986-    )|Municipal and agricultural waste treatment|||
H09-F04|Current|(2002-    )|Pyrolysis and catalytic treatment of polymers and waste plastic||e.g. to produce fuel oils and gases|
H09-G|Current|(1986-    )|Coal-fuel slurries [general]||included in H09-X prior to 198601|
H09-G01|Current|(1986-    )|Oil-coal slurries|||
H09-G02|Current|(1986-    )|Aqueous-coal slurries|||
H09-G03|Current|(1986-    )|Additives for coal-fuel slurries|||
H09-H|Current|(1986-    )|Other treatment of coal [general and unclassified]|||
H09-H01|Current|(1986-    )|Deashing of coal|||
H09-H02|Current|(1986-    )|Desulphurisation of coal|||
H09-H03|Current|(2006-    )|Coal additives|||
H09-H04|Current|(2012-    )|Froth flotation|||
H09-X|Current||Other non-petroleum fuels and processing|||
J01|Current||Separation|||
J01-A|Current||Evaporation, distillation, sublimation [unclassified]|||
J01-A01|Current||Evaporation|||
J01-A02|Current||Liquid-gas mass transfer, general|||
J01-A02A|Current|(1972-    )|Distillation|||
J01-A02A1|Current|(2002-    )|Extractive or azeotropic distillation|||
J01-A02A2|Current|(2002-    )|Distillation columns|||
J01-A02A3|Current|(2002-    )|Column fittings, packings, plates, trays|||
J01-A02A4|Current|(2002-    )|Other distillation apparatus|||
J01-A02B|Current|(2005-    )|Distillation methods and equipment|||
J01-A03|Current||Condensation of vapours|||
J01-A04|Current||Sublimation|||
J01-B|Current||Crystallisation [general]|||
J01-C|Current||Solvent extraction, dialysis, osmosis [unclassified]|||
J01-C01|Current||Solvent extraction (liquid-liquid extraction only)|||
J01-C01A|Current|(2015-    )|Solid-liquid extraction|||
J01-C02|Current||Displacing liquid by means of another fluid|||
J01-C03|Current||Semi-permeable membrane separation processes|||
J01-C03A|Current|(1986-    )|Semi-permeable membrane separation by reverse osmosis|||
J01-C03B|Current|(1986-    )|Semi-permeable membrane separation by dialysis|||
J01-C03B1|Current|(1986-    )|Semi-permeable membrane separation by haemodialysis|||
J01-C04|Current|(2002-    )|Micro-filters, ultra-filters and nano-filters|||
J01-D|Current||Treating liquids [unclassified]|||
J01-D01|Current||Treating liquids with ad(ab)sorbents [general]||Includes preparation and regeneration of ad(ab)sorbents.|
J01-D01A|Current|(1972-    )|Chromatography|||
J01-D02|Current||(De)gasification of liquids|||
J01-D03|Current|(1972-    )|Emulsion breaking, coagulation|||
J01-D04|Current|(1972-    )|Ion exchange|||
J01-D04A|Current|(1994-    )|Regeneration of ion exchangers|||
J01-D05|Current|(1994-    )|Treating liquids by removal of contaminant by complexing or chelation|||
J01-D06|Current|(2002-    )|Catalytic decomposition|||
J01-D07|Current|(2005-    )|Biological treatment|||
J01-D08|Current|(2011-    )|Using electricity|||
J01-E|Current||Treating gases and/or vapours [unclassified]|||
J01-E01|Current||Recovering volatile solvent vapours from gases||Includes drying of gases|
J01-E01A|Current|(2006-    )|Dehumidification|||
J01-E01B|Current|(2006-    )|Deodorization|||
J01-E02|Current|(1972-    )|Treating waste gases [general]|||
J01-E02A|Current|(1972-    )|Treating waste gases by wet scrubbing||Includes liquid ad(ab)sorbent preparation and regeneration.|
J01-E02A1|Current|(1977-    )|Treating waste gases by wet scrubbing characterised by acidic/alkaline scrubbing liquid|||
J01-E02A2|Current|(1977-    )|Treating waste gases by wet scrubbing characterised by redox/complexing scrubbing liquid|||
J01-E02A3|Current|(1977-    )|Treating waste gases by wet scrubbing - process control and arrangements|||
J01-E02B|Current|(1972-    )|Treating waste gases with solid ad(ab)sorbents||Includes preparation and regeneration of ad(ab)sorbents.|
J01-E02B1|Current|(2006-    )|Molecular sieves||Includes zeolites|
J01-E02B2|Current|(2006-    )|Metal-organic frameworks|||
J01-E02B3|Current|(2013-    )|Activated carbon|||
J01-E02C|Current|(1977-    )|Treating waste gases with membranes or ion exchangers|||
J01-E02C1|Current|(2005-    )|Ion transport membranes|||
J01-E02D|Current|(1977-    )|Treating waste gases by catalytic methods|||
J01-E02E|Current|(1994-    )|Treating waste gases using dry reactive powder e.g. Ca(OH)2|||
J01-E02F|Current|(1994-    )|Treating waste gases using solid reagent complexing with gas|||
J01-E02G|Current|(1994-    )|Treating waste gases using ammonia|||
J01-E02H|Current|(1994-    )|Treating waste gases by other means e.g. plasma||e.g. plasma, bacterial or centrifugal method|
J01-E02H1|Current|(2005-    )|Using plasma|||
J01-E02H2|Current|(2005-    )|Centrifugal methods|||
J01-E02H3|Current|(2005-    )|By biological methods|||
J01-E02H4|Current|(2006-    )|By combustion|||
J01-E02H5|Current|(2006-    )|Using ozone|||
J01-E02H6|Current|(2012-    )|Using UV ray|||
J01-E02I|Current|(1994-    )|Treating fuels with additives to reduce evolution of SOx+NOx|||
J01-E03|Current|(1972-    )|Gas separation [general]|||
J01-E03A|Current|(1972-    )|Gas chromatography|||
J01-E03B|Current|(1986-    )|Gas separation by wet scrubbing||Includes liquid ad(ab)sorbent preparation and regeneration.|
J01-E03C|Current|(1986-    )|Gas separation using solid ad(ab)sorbents||Includes preparation and regeneration of ad(ab)sorbents.|
J01-E03C1|Current|(2006-    )|Molecular sieves||Includes zeolites|
J01-E03C2|Current|(2006-    )|Metal-organic frameworks|||
J01-E03C3|Current|(2013-    )|Activated carbon|||
J01-E03D|Current|(1986-    )|By pressure swing adsorption||Includes vacuum swing adsorption.|
J01-E03E|Current|(1986-    )|Gas separation using semi-permeable membrane|||
J01-E03F|Current|(1986-    )|Gas separation by catalytic methods|||
J01-E03G|Current|(1994-    )|Claus plant processes with removal of S|||
J01-E03H|Current|(2005-    )|By biological methods|||
J01-E03I|Current|(2012-    )|Using UV ray|||
J01-E03J|Current|(2013-    )|Temperature swing adsorption|||
J01-F|Current||Separation of suspended particles from liquids [unclassified]|||
J01-F01|Current||Separation of suspended particles from liquids by sedimentation||Includes flotation techniques for clarifying liquids, precipitation or flocculation|
J01-F02|Current||Separation of suspended particles from liquids by filtration processes|||
J01-F02A|Current||Suspended particles separation from liquids by gravity filters; filter presses; pressure filters|||
J01-F02B|Current||Suspended particles separation from liquids by filtration using cartridge filters, ultra filters|||
J01-F02C|Current||Separation of suspended particles from liquids by filters with mobile filter||Has priority over J01-F02A and -F02B|
J01-F02D|Current||Filtering devices||e.g. trivial uses, such as bath tubs or swimming pool filters|
J01-F02E|Current|(1994-    )|Filtering of magnetisable materials|||
J01-F02E1|Current|(1994-    )|Filtering of liquids by applying electrical charge|||
J01-F02X|Current|(2006-    )|For filtration of specific substances||May be used with other J01-F codes if specific method is claimed|
J01-F02X1|Current|(2006-    )|Water|||
J01-F02X2|Current|(2006-    )|Blood|||
J01-F02X3|Current|(2006-    )|Oil||Includes lubricants|
J01-F02X4|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel|||
J01-F02X5|Current|(2012-    )|Molten metal|||
J01-F03|Current||Separation of suspended particles from liquids by centrifugal processes|||
J01-F04|Current|(1994-    )|Separation of suspended particles from liquids by dewatering e.g. sludge by compression between belts|||
J01-F05|Current|(2011-    )|Separation of suspended particles from liquids by magnetic or electrostatic separation|||
J01-G|Current||Separation of dispersed particles from gases/vapours [unclassified]|||
J01-G01|Current||Separation of dispersed particles from gases/vapours by pre-treatment of gas|||
J01-G02|Current||Separation of dispersed particles from gases/vapours by gravity, inertia, centrifugal force|||
J01-G03|Current||Separation of dispersed particles from gases/vapours by filtration||Includes filters making use of electricity and magnetism|
J01-G03A|Current|(1977-    )|Regeneration/cleaning of filters|||
J01-G03B|Current|(1977-    )|Regeneration/cleaning of filters especially designed for waste gases|||
J01-G03C|Current|(2006-    )|For air inflow||e.g. vehicle air intake, clean room|
J01-G04|Current|(1977-    )|Electrostatic and magnetic precipitation||Includes electrostatic filters|
J01-G05|Current|(1972-    )|Separation of dispersed particles from gases/vapours by (de)gassing powders and other solids|||
J01-G06|Current|(2006-    )|Wet scrubbing||Only for removal of particulates from gas, otherwise consider J01-E02A|
J01-G09|Current|(2006-    )|Other methods|||
J01-H|Current||Filtering materials [general]|||
J01-H01|Current|(1994-    )|Regenerating filters|||
J01-H02|Current|(2005-    )|Materials for filters|||
J01-H02A|Current|(2005-    )|Filter materials for liquids treatment|||
J01-H02B|Current|(2005-    )|Filter materials for gases treatment|||
J01-H02C|Current|(2007-    )|With antibacterial effect|J01-H03|Replaces J01-H03. All J01-H03 coded documents will be corrected to J01-H02C.|
J01-H03|Retired|(2005-2006)|With antibacterial effect*||*Replaced by J01-H02C. All J01-H03 coded documents will be corrected to J01-H02C.|
J01-J|Current||Separation of isotopes [general]|||
J01-K|Current||Solid/solid separation [unclassified]||Includes solid-solid separation by leaching|
J01-K01|Current||Solid separation using liquids, pneumatic tables, jigs|||
J01-K02|Current||Solid/solid separation by magnetic or electrostatic separation|||
J01-K03|Current||Solid/solid separation by flotation; differential sedimentation|||
J01-K04|Current||Solid/solid separation by sieving, screening, etc. (by gas currents). etc.|||
J01-L|Current||Centrifugal apparatus [unclassified]|||
J01-L01|Current||Centrifuges|||
J01-L02|Current||Free vortex flow apparatus; cyclones|||
J01-X|Current||Other separation processes and applications|||
J01-X01|Current|(2006-    )|Contaminants and their removal methods||e.g. for soil|
J01-X01A|Current|(2005-    )|Removal of organic contaminants|||
J01-X01B|Current|(2005-    )|Removal of inorganic contaminants|||
J01-X01C|Current|(2005-    )|Removal by biological methods|||
J01-X02|Current|(2005-    )|Separation of racemates|||
J02|Current||Mixing, crushing, spraying|||
J02-A|Current||Mixing, dispersing etc. [unclassified]|||
J02-A01|Current||Mixing processes|||
J02-A02|Current||Mixing apparatus [general]|||
J02-A02A|Current|(1972-    )|Mixing apparatus - flow mixers|||
J02-A02B|Current|(1972-    )|Mixing apparatus - rotary mixers|||
J02-A02C|Current|(2002-    )|Mixer accessories|||
J02-A03|Old|(    -2005)|Emulsifying or dispersing agents|||
J02-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Emulsifying or dispersing||Until 200601, code entitled 'Emulsifying or dispersing agents'. This code now has subcodes for processes (J02-A03A), apparatus (J02-A03B) and agents (J02-A03C).|
J02-A03A|Old|(2002-2005)|Emulsification or dispersion|||
J02-A03A|Current|(2006-    )|Processes||From 2006 this code has been narrowed to specifically code emulsification or dispersion processes. Prior to 2006 this code covered emulsification/dispersion in general.|
J02-A03B|Current|(2006-    )|Apparatus|||
J02-A03C|Current|(2006-    )|Agents|||
J02-B|Current||Crushing, pulverising disintegrating [unclassified]|||
J02-B01|Current||Crushing, pulverising disintegrating plant in general|||
J02-B02|Current||Crushing, pulverising disintegrating processes in general|||
J02-B03|Current||Crushing, pulverising disintegrating accessories|||
J02-C|Current||Spraying atomising, applying liquids to surfaces [unclassified]|||
J02-C01|Current||Spraying, atomising; nozzles, in general|||
J02-C02|Current||Applying (semi-)liquids to surfaces, in general|||
J02-X|Current||Other mixing, crushing and spraying||Includes dosing and dispensing devices|
J03|Current||Electrochemical processes, electrophoresis|||
J03-A|Current||Electrochemical processes or apparatus [general]||e.g. ozone generation|
J03-A01|Current|(2006-    )|For ozone generation|||
J03-B|Current||Electrolytic processes or apparatus [general and unclassified]||See also X25-R codes for electrical aspects of electroysis.|
J03-B01|Current|(1972-    )|Electrolytic apparatus - electrodes||Including manufacture and coating|
J03-B02|Current|(1972-    )|Electrolytic apparatus - cell design|||
J03-B03|Current|(1977-    )|Electrolytic apparatus - separators|||
J03-B03A|Current|(1986-    )|Electrolytic apparatus - ion exchange membranes based on fluorocarbon polymers|||
J03-B04|Current|(1986-    )|Alkali halide electrolysis|||
J03-B05|Current|(2011-    )|Electrolyte|||
J03-B09|Current|(2005-    )|General electrolytic processes|||
J03-C|Current||Electrophoresis [general]|||
J03-D|Current|(1972-    )|Electrodialysis [general]|||
J03-D01|Current|(1994-    )|Electro-osmosis|||
J03-X|Current||Other electrochemical methods|||
J04|Current||Chemical/physical processes/apparatus|||
J04-A|Current||Colloid chemistry, etc. [unclassified]|||
J04-A01|Retired|(1970-1976)|Catalysis processes and apparatus*||*Use J04-E+ from 197701|
J04-A02|Retired|(1970-1976)|Liquid-gas mass transfer, general*||*Use J04-E+ from 197701|
J04-A03|Current||Colloid chemistry||For production of nanoparticles (sols) see J04-F02A|
J04-A04|Current||Single crystals|||
J04-A05|Current||Granulation, pelleting|||
J04-A06|Current||Encapsulation|||
J04-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Powder coatings||For general coatings, consider M13-H if formed on metal, or L02-J03 if involving ceramics.|
J04-B|Current||Laboratory apparatus and methods [laboratory apparatus, general]|||
J04-B01|Current||Analytical methods/equipment [general]|||
J04-B01A|Current|(1972-    )|Analytical methods/equipment - spectral||Includes techniques such as NMR, ESR and mass spectrometry|
J04-B01A1|Current|(2006-    )|Mass spectrometry|||
J04-B01A2|Current|(2006-    )|Optical spectroscopy||Includes cellular imaging|
J04-B01B|Current|(1972-    )|Analytical methods/equipment - specific reactions and reagents|||
J04-B01B1|Current|(2005-    )|Sugar e.g. for diabetes monitoring|||
J04-B01B2|Current|(2006-    )|For alcohol|||
J04-B01C|Current|(1977-    )|Chromatography|||
J04-B01C1|Current|(2005-    )|TLC||See also S03-E09C3|
J04-B01C2|Current|(2005-    )|HPLC||See also S03-E09C5|
J04-B01C5|Current|(2005-    )|GC||See also S03-E09C1|
J04-B01C5A|Current|(2006-    )|GC-MS|||
J04-B01C6|Current|(2013-    )|Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)|||
J04-B02|Current|(2005-    )|Lab-on-chip (LOC)||See also S03-H01 codes|
J04-B03|Current|(2005-    )|Detection and analysis of nucleic acids, proteins and amino acids||See also S03-E14H codes|
J04-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Micro analysis||Includes microfluidic analysis. May be used with other J04-B codes, and S03 codes likely|
J04-B05|Current|(2011-    )|Biosensor|||
J04-C|Current||Test, control and sampling, industrial and laboratory|||
J04-C01|Current||Sampling|||
J04-C02|Current||Investigation by properties||E.g. determination of pressure, temperature, concentration, pH, etc.|
J04-C02A|Current|(2005-    )|Ph monitoring||See also S03-F10 codes|
J04-C02B|Current|(2005-    )|Electrical||e.g. resistance, conductivity, capacitance etc. See also S03-E02 codes. Until 200601, code entitled to as 'Conductivity'|
J04-C02C|Current|(2006-    )|Optical properties||e.g. absorption, fluorescence|
J04-C02D|Current|(2007-    )|Mechanical properties, e.g. creep resistance|||
J04-C03|Current||Investigation by method||E.g. monitoring of reactions|
J04-C04|Current||Investigation by material|||
J04-C04A|Current|(2005-    )|Gas sensors||See also S03-E02, S03-E03, S03-E14P codes|
J04-D|Retired|(    -2001)|Fluidised bed apparatus [general]*||*Not used from 2002 Wk01; scope is now covered by J04-E07A and J04-X03A|
J04-E|Current||Catalysis [unclassified]||See also J04-A, and N codes for catalysts, catalytic processes and applications|
J04-E01|Current|(1977-    )|Catalytic processes|||
J04-E02|Retired|(1977-2001)|Apparatus for catalytic processes*||*Not used from 2002 Wk01; scope is now covered by J04-(E06-09)|
J04-E03|Current|(1977-    )|Catalyst supports|||
J04-E04|Current|(1977-    )|Catalysts|||
J04-E04A|Current|(1977-    )|Redox catalysts|||
J04-E04B|Current|(1977-    )|(De)hydrogenation catalysts|||
J04-E04C|Current|(2005-    )|Photocatalysts|||
J04-E04D|Current|(2006-    )|Electrocatalyst||e.g. for electrode catalysts, for use in electrolyzer, fuel cell etc.|
J04-E05|Current|(1977-    )|Regeneration/recovery||Also includes waste or spent catalyst disposal methods/apparatus|
J04-E06|Current|(2002-    )|Reactors - general or unclassified|||
J04-E07|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus for gas phase reactions|||
J04-E07A|Current|(2002-    )|Fluidized or moving beds, risers|||
J04-E07B|Current|(2002-    )|Fixed beds|||
J04-E07C|Current|(2002-    )|Tubular, tube bundles|||
J04-E08|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus for liquid, gas/liquid processes|||
J04-E08A|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus for homogeneous phases, solutions|||
J04-E08B|Current|(2002-    )|Columns; counter-current reactions|||
J04-E08B1|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus for reactive or catalytic distillation|||
J04-E09|Current|(2002-    )|Other apparatus for catalytic processes|||
J04-E09A|Current|(2005-    )|Waste treatment apparatus|||
J04-E09B|Current|(2006-    )|For sensor applications|||
J04-E09C|Current|(2006-    )|Photocatalytic apparatus||See J04-E04C for photocatalysts per se|
J04-E10|Current|(2006-    )|Testing of catalysts and devices|||
J04-E11|Current|(2007-    )|Catalyst Production|||
J04-F|Current|(2006-    )|Microscalar processes|||
J04-F01|Current|(2006-    )|Microprocesses||See J04-X04 for microreactors|
J04-F02|Current|(2006-    )|Nanostructure production||See L02-H04 if carbon is involved|
J04-F02A|Current|(2006-    )|Nanoparticles|||
J04-F02A1|Current|(2006-    )|Composite particles||Includes coated particles|
J04-F02B|Current|(2006-    )|Other regular forms||e.g. Nanotubes, nanorods, nanowhiskers|
J04-F02C|Current|(2006-    )|Nanofilms|||
J04-F02D|Current|(2012-    )|Nanocrystals|||
J04-X|Current||Other chemical methods||Used for all processes and apparatus of chemical interest with no specific application elsewhere in CPI|
J04-X01|Current|(1994-    )|Reactors for plasma processes|||
J04-X02|Current|(1994-    )|Forming films by langmuir-blodgett processes|||
J04-X03|Current|(2002-    )|Reactors for non-catalytic chemical processes|||
J04-X03A|Current|(2006-    )|Fluidised bed apparatus|||
J04-X04|Current|(2002-    )|Miniaturized reaction apparatus||Includes microfluidic devices, MEMS devices, see also relevant U12-B03F codes for MEMS. See J04-F01 for microprocesses.|
J04-X05|Current|(2012-    )|Gas generators|||
J05|Current||Boiling and boiling apparatus|||
J05-A|Current||Boiling and boiling apparatus [general]|||
J06|Current||Storing/distributing gases/liquids|||
J06-A|Current||Gas holders of variable capacity [general]|||
J06-B|Current||Vessels for liquids or compressed/liquified/solidified gases, gas-holders, decantation and vaporisation of liquified/solidified gases|||
J06-B01|Current||Pressure vessels|||
J06-B02|Current||Vessels not under pressure|||
J06-B03|Current||Filling vessels with gases|||
J06-B04|Current||Discharging gases from pressure vessels|||
J06-B05|Current||Discharging gases from vessels not under pressure|||
J06-B06|Current||Gas solvents and gas adsorbents|||
J06-B06A|Current|(2005-    )|For batteries and fuel cells||For supplying hydrogen specifically for fuel cells|
J06-B06B|Current|(2005-    )|For vehicle fuel tanks||For H2/CH4 powered IC engines (i.e. not fuel cells)|
J06-B06C|Current|(2006-    )|Gas adsorbents|||
J06-B06C1|Current|(2006-    )|Molecular sieves||Includes zeolites|
J06-B06C2|Current|(2006-    )|Metal-organic frameworks|||
J06-B06C3|Current|(2013-    )|Alloys|||
J06-B07|Current||Vessel details|||
J06-B08|Current|(2007-    )|Control||Includes controlling flow rates, thermal energy management, safety arrangements, etc.|
J06-C|Current||Pipe systems, pipelines [general and unclassified]|||
J06-C01|Current||Pipeline systems; pipe construction|||
J06-C02|Current||Pipe systems, pipelines - supervising or controlling operations|||
J07|Current||Refrigeration, ice, liquefaction/solidification|||
J07-A|Current||Refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems|||
J07-A01|Current||Compression type refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating|||
J07-A02|Current||Sorption type refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating/refrigeration systems|||
J07-A03|Current||Single mode operation mode types, combination of heating and refrigeration; special energy sources||Includes heat pumps|
J07-A04|Current||Refrigeration machine components, plants or systems, combined heating/refrigeration systems|||
J07-A05|Current||Arrangements for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating|||
J07-A06|Current||Control/safety devices for refrigeration plants or systems, combined heating/refrigeration systems|||
J07-A07|Current|(1972-    )|Air conditioners||Includes humidifiers|
J07-A08|Current|(1972-    )|Refrigeration media|||
J07-A09|Current|(1994-    )|Lubricants for refrigeration media||See also H07-D11|
J07-A10|Current|(2007-    )|Refrigeration and a/c sealants||Injecting into systems to seal pinholes. Includes e.g. organosilanes.|
J07-B|Current||Freezing of (semi)liquids [general and unclassified]|||
J07-B01|Current||Ice production|||
J07-B02|Current||Ice or snow production for special purposes|||
J07-B03|Current||Ice working and distribution|||
J07-C|Current||Refrigerators, cooling and freezing apparatus [general and unclassified]||e.g. domestic use, such as cold stores and cold boxes|
J07-C01|Current||Devices not associated with refrigerating machinery|||
J07-C02|Current||Devices associated with refrigerating machinery|||
J07-C03|Current||Refrigerators, cooling and freezing apparatus - structural parts of general application|||
J07-D|Current||Gas liquefication, solidification or separation by pressure or cold|||
J07-D01|Current||Liquefying or solidifying gases|||
J07-D02|Current||Separating gases by liquefaction or solidification|||
J07-D03|Current||Cold exchangers or accumulators|||
J08|Current||Heat transfer and drying|||
J08-A|Current||Steam or vapour condensers [general and unclassified]|||
J08-A01|Current||Steam or vapour separated from coolant by walls|||
J08-A02|Current||Steam or vapour comes in direct contact with coolant|||
J08-A03|Current||Using steam or vapour, in direct contact with coolant and separated from coolant by walls|||
J08-A04|Current||Combinations of two or more condensers|||
J08-A05|Current||Steam or vapour condensers - auxiliary systems, arrangements or devices|||
J08-A06|Current||Controlling arrangements especially for condensers|||
J08-B|Current||Direct-contact (non-interactive) heat-exchangers [general and unclassified]|||
J08-B01|Current||Direct-contact trickle coolers||e.g. cooling towers|
J08-B02|Current||Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus|||
J08-C|Current||Heat-exchangers without direct contact [general and unclassified]|||
J08-C01|Current||Heat-exchangers without direct contact having stationery conduits for one medium|||
J08-C02|Current||Heat-exchangers (without direct contact) having stationary conduits for both|||
J08-C03|Current||Heat-exchangers (without direct contact) having moving conduit assemblies|||
J08-C04|Current||Heat-exchangers (without direct contact) employing intermediate heat-transfer media or robots||Includes heat pipes|
J08-D|Current||Heat transfer apparatus, details of general applications [general and unclassified]||Includes solar heat collectors not codable elsewhere|
J08-D01|Current||Elements for heat-exchangers|||
J08-D02|Current||Preventing deposits or corrosion in heat transfer apparatus|||
J08-D03|Current||Special features of heat transfer apparatus, general applications**|||
J08-D04|Current||Modifying heat transfer|||
J08-D05|Current||Control arrangements for heat transfer apparatus, general applications|||
J08-D06|Current|(1972-    )|Heat transfer media|||
J08-D07|Current|(1994-    )|Geothermal heat transfer|||
J08-D08|Current|(1994-    )|Heat exchange from exhaust gases|||
J08-E|Current||Heat-exchanger for cleaning [general and unclassified]|||
J08-E01|Current||Heat-exchange appliances for cleaning|||
J08-E02|Current||Heat-exchange processes for cleaning|||
J08-E03|Current||Details of cleaning|||
J08-F|Current||Drying processes [general and unclassified]|||
J08-F01|Current||Preliminary treatment of solids/objects to aid drying|||
J08-F02|Current||Drying solids with application of heat|||
J08-F03|Current||Drying solids without application of heat|||
J08-F04|Current|(1972-    )|Freeze drying||e.g. sublimation drying|
J08-F05|Current|(2007-    )|Compression Drying methods|||
J08-G|Current||Drying machines and apparatus [general and unclassified]|||
J08-G01|Current||Drying machines and apparatus - articles at rest or locally agitated|||
J08-G02|Current||Drying machines and apparatus - with non-progressive movement|||
J08-G03|Current||Drying machines and apparatus - with progressive movement|||
J08-G04|Current||Drying appts - for at least two (locally agitated) articles, with(out) non-progressive movement|||
J08-G05|Current|(1972-    )|Rotary dryers|||
J08-G06|Current|(1972-    )|Spray dryers|||
J08-G07|Current|(2007-    )|Compression Dryers|||
J08-H|Current||Drying, general applications [general and unclassified]|||
J08-H01|Current||Drying using air or gas currents|||
J08-H02|Current|(2007-    )|Through air drying|||
J08-S|Current|(2011-    )|Heat storage|||
J08-S01|Current|(2011-    )|Materials|||
J08-S02|Current|(2011-    )|Apparatus|||
J09|Current||Furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts|||
J09-A|Current||Furnace construction [general and unclassified]||Excluding processes therein|
J09-A01|Current||Furnaces with stationary charge|||
J09-A02|Current||Stationary furnaces with mechanically-moved charge|||
J09-A03|Current||Rotary furnaces|||
J09-A04|Current||Open sintering apparatus|||
J09-B|Current||Furnace accessories [general and unclassified]|||
J09-B01|Current||Furnace accessories - construction features|||
J09-B01A|Current|(2002-    )|Refractories|||
J09-B02|Current||Furnace accessories - handling and support charge||e.g. rams, screw feeders, etc.|
J09-B03|Current||Furnace accessories - preheating charge; cooling; using waste heat|||
J09-B04|Current|(1970-    )|Furnace accessories - control and safety devices||Includes measuring and testing devices.|
J09-C|Current||Incineration and other waste disposal methods||Includes disposal of waste gases, liquids and solids not codable elsewhere|
J09-C01|Current|(1994-    )|Disposal of waste other than by incineration|||
J09-C01A|Current|(2006-    )|Recycling of waste|||
J09-C01B|Current|(2006-    )|Fermentation of waste||e.g. for compost. Consider H09-F code if fermentation for fuel, and D05 for details|
J09-C02|Current|(2005-    )|By incineration|||
J10-A|Current|(1994-    )|Storage of wastes in landfills|||
K01|Current||Firefighting|||
K01-A|Current||Firefighting, fire-extinguishing compositions [general]||Does not include flame retardants|
K02|Current||Protection, breathing apparatus|||
K02-A|Current||Protection against NBC agents|||
K02-A01|Current|(2005-    )|Chemical|||
K02-A02|Current|(2005-    )|Biological|||
K02-A03|Current|(2005-    )|Nuclear|||
K02-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Detection and analysis of NBC agents|||
K02-B|Current||Breathing apparatus (chemical agents) [general]|||
K03|Current||Explosive charges, blasting||Covers physical and mechanical aspects of explosives and ammunition|
K03-A|Current||Explosive charges, ammunition, missiles, fuses [unclassified]|||
K03-A01|Current|(1972-    )|Cartridge, shell, bomb and mine construction, filling and manufacture|||
K03-A02|Current|(1972-    )|Projectiles and warheads|||
K03-A02A|Current|(2006-    )|Lethal projectiles||e.g. bullets, missiles|
K03-A02B|Current|(2006-    )|Non-lethal projectiles||e.g. plastic baton rounds, tranquilizer delivery systems, paintballs, immobilising weapons|
K03-A03|Current|(1972-    )|Arming, fusing, safety mechanisms||Include storage and packaging of ammunition.|
K03-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Decommissioning of ammunition|||
K03-B|Current||Blasting [general]|||
K03-X|Current||Explosive charges [general]|||
K04|Current||Explosives, matches|||
K04-A|Retired|(1970-1985)|Explosives (chemical aspects) [unclassified]*||*Use K04-E+, K04-F+ and K04-G+ from 198601.|
K04-A01|Retired|(1970-1985)|Explosives based on inorganic nitrates*||*Use K04-E01A+ from 198601.|
K04-A02|Retired|(1970-1985)|Explosives based on (per)chlorates*||*Use K04-E01B from 198601.|
K04-A03|Retired|(1970-1985)|Sprengel-type explosives*||*Use K04-E+ for chemical aspects of explosives from 198601.|
K04-A04|Retired|(1970-1985)|Manufacture and treatment of explosives*||*From 198601 to the end of 2001 K04-F was used. From 200201 K04-F01 was applied.|
K04-B|Current||Detonators, pyrophoric compositions [unclassified]|||
K04-B01|Current||Detonating or primer compositions; (non)-electric detonators; primers; fuses, etc.|||
K04-B02|Current||Chemical contact igniters; chemical lighters; pyrophoric compositions; flints|||
K04-C|Current||Fireworks, smoke generation, incendiary/gas attack compositions, gas generation||Includes chemical inflation of liferafts, etc.|
K04-C01|Current|(1972-    )|Rocket fuels, propellants|||
K04-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Gas generators||e.g. for automotive air bags|
K04-D|Current||Matches [general]||Includes matchbox making machinery, etc.|
K04-E|Current|(1986-    )|Explosives (chemical aspects) [general]||See K04-A+: prior to 198601|
K04-E01|Current|(1986-    )|Emulsion, water gel, slurry explosives [general and unclassified]|||
K04-E01A|Current|(1986-    )|Emulsion, water gel, slurry explosives based on nitrate oxidiser|||
K04-E01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Emulsion, water gel, slurry explosives based on anfo|||
K04-E01B|Current|(1986-    )|Emulsion, water gel, slurry explosives based on (per)chlorate oxidiser|||
K04-E02|Current|(1986-    )|Organic nitro compound-containing explosives||Nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, nitroglycol, TNT, etc. but excluding propellants containing NG; see K04-C01|
K04-E03|Current|(1986-    )|Explosives containing organic or organometallic compounds||Including lead azide, lead styphnate, etc|
K04-E04|Current|(1994-    )|Promoters, ehnhancers, regulatory sequences for explosives|||
K04-F|Current|(1986-    )|Explosives manufacture/treatment [general]||See K04-A04 prior to 198601|
K04-F01|Current|(2002-    )|Explosives manufacture|||
K04-F02|Current|(2002-    )|Explosives disposal|||
K04-F03|Current|(2002-    )|Explosives detection||E.g. in luggage|
K04-G|Current|(1986-    )|Novel additives for explosive compsns. [general]||(Sensitisers, stabilisers, density control agents, etc.) see K04-A prior to week 198601|
K05|Current||Nuclear reactors|||
K05-A|Current||Reactor processes [unclassified]||Including controlled fusion reactors prior to 198601|
K05-A01|Current||Fast fission reactor processes|||
K05-A02|Current||Thermal reactor processes|||
K05-A02A|Current||Gas-cooled thermal reactor processes|||
K05-A02B|Current||Water-cooled thermal reactor processes|||
K05-A02C|Current||Liquid metal cooled thermal reactor processes|||
K05-A03|Current|(1986-    )|Nuclear fusion reactors|||
K05-A03A|Current|(1986-    )|Plasma containment|||
K05-A03B|Current|(1986-    )|Fusion targets (fuel)|||
K05-A03C|Current|(1986-    )|Constructional features of nuclear fusion reactors||Including blanket arrangements|
K05-B|Current||Reactor components and accessories [unclassified]|||
K05-B01|Current||Reactor components and accessories - pressure vessels|||
K05-B02|Current||Reactor components and accessories - shielding|||
K05-B03|Current||Reactor components and accessories - coolants [general]|||
K05-B03A|Current|(1972-    )|Reactor components and accessories - liquid metal coolants|||
K05-B04|Current||Fuel elements [general]|||
K05-B04A|Current|(1972-    )|Fuel elements - chemical processes; enrichment of U||Includes some extraction of U, Pu, etc. from their ores|
K05-B04B|Current|(1972-    )|Fuel element construction|||
K05-B05|Current||Moderators [general]|||
K05-B05A|Current|(1972-    )|Moderators - heavy water; enrichment, deuterium production|||
K05-B06|Current||Reactor control and mechanisms [general]|||
K05-B06A|Current|(1972-    )|Neutron flux control, control rods [general]|||
K05-B06A1|Current|(1986-    )|Neutron flux control, control rods - shutdown and start-up procedures|||
K05-B06A2|Current|(1986-    )|Neutron flux control, control rods - emergency control|||
K05-B06B|Current|(1986-    )|Reactor control and mechanisms - measurement/control of coolant flow|||
K05-B06C|Current|(1986-    )|Defective fuel rod location/detection|||
K05-B06D|Current|(1986-    )|Reactor control and mechanisms - measurement of other operating parameters|||
K05-B07|Current||Reactor accessories||Covers accessories of general or unspecified application; specific accessories are coded according to their use under a K05-B: code|
K05-B07A|Current|(1986-    )|Fuel rod handling/transfer|||
K05-B07B|Current|(1986-    )|Used fuel storage facilities|||
K05-B07C|Current|(1986-    )|Reactor accessories - waste removal/treatment||e.g. desalting condensate|
K05-B07D|Current|(1986-    )|Reactor accessories - servicing/maintenance apparatus|||
K05-B07E|Current|(1986-    )|Reactor accessories - cables, piping, connectors|||
K05-B07E1|Current|(2002-    )|Valves|||
K05-B07F|Current|(1986-    )|Reactor accessories - pumps|||
K05-B07G|Current|(1986-    )|Other reactor components|||
K05-B07J|Current|(2006-    )|Inspection apparatus|||
K05-B08|Old|(2012-2012)|Manufacture of reactor|||
K05-B08|Current|(2013-    )|Manufacture of reactor and components|||
K05-B10|Current|(2005-    )|Materials for reactors and components|||
K06|Current||Nuclear power plant|||
K06-A|Current||Nuclear power plant - steam raising plant [general]|||
K06-B|Current||Nuclear power plant - heat exchangers [general]|||
K06-C|Current||Nuclear power plant - recovery of fuel, etc. [general]|||
K06-X|Current||Other nuclear plant aspects||Includes thermoelectric converters|
K07|Current||Health physics|||
K07-A|Current||Protective measures, monitoring, shielding, clothing etc. [others]|||
K07-A01|Current|(1972-    )|Personal dosimeters|||
K07-A01A|Current|(2002-    )|Industrial monitoring|||
K07-A02|Current|(1994-    )|Shielding|||
K07-A02A|Current|(1994-    )|Transport/storage containers|K07-A02||
K07-A02B|Current|(1994-    )|Fall-out shelters|||
K07-A02C|Current|(2002-    )|Shielding plants and equipment|||
K07-A02D|Current|(2002-    )|Shielding personnel|||
K07-A03|Current|(1986-    )|Decontamination|||
K07-A03A|Current|(2002-    )|Decontamination of personnel/clothing|||
K07-B|Current||Radioactive waste treatment, etc. [general]|||
K07-B01|Current|(1986-    )|Radioactive waste treatment - concentration, solidification, encapsulation|||
K07-B01A|Current|(1986-    )|Radioactive waste treatment - preparation for long-term storage|||
K07-B02|Current|(1986-    )|Radioactive waste treatment - waste gas treatment|||
K07-B03|Current|(2002-    )|Waste liquid treatment|||
K07-X|Current||Other protective and waste treatment techniques and apparatus|||
K08|Current||Nucleonics, X-ray techniques, etc.|||
K08-A|Current||Nuclear or X-ray measurement [general]||E.g. detection|
K08-A01|Current|(1972-    )|Neutron counters|||
K08-A02|Current|(2005-    )|Charged particle counters|||
K08-A03|Current|(2005-    )|Gamma ray and cosmic ray counters|||
K08-A04|Current|(2005-    )|X-ray measurement|||
K08-B|Current||Converison of chemical elements, producing/moderating neutrons [general]|||
K08-C|Current||Energy from radioactive sources, utilising cosmic radiation [general]|||
K08-D|Current||Nuclear explosives [general]||Includes nuclear explosion simulation|
K08-E|Current||X-ray techniques [general]|||
K08-E01|Current|(2005-    )|X-ray imaging|||
K08-E02|Current|(2005-    )|X-ray therapy or treatment|||
K08-F|Current||Plasma techniques [general]|||
K08-G|Current|(2002-    )|Particle accelerators and cyclotrons [general]|||
K08-H|Current|(2002-    )|Irradiation [general]|||
K08-H01|Current|(2002-    )|Medical|||
K08-H02|Current|(2002-    )|Food|||
K08-X|Current||Other nuclear techniques||Includes general isotope separation|
K08-X01|Current|(2006-    )|Isotope separation|||
K09|Current||Applications|||
K09-A|Current||Plastics [general]|||
K09-B|Current||Medicine [general]|||
K09-B01|Current|(2005-    )|Imaging, use of tracers isotopes|||
K09-B02|Current|(2005-    )|Radiotherapy|||
K09-C|Current||Agriculture [general]|||
K09-D|Current||Food [general]|||
K09-D01|Current|(2005-    )|Irradiation||E.g. to improve shelf-life|
K09-D02|Current|(2005-    )|Testing|||
K09-E|Current||Radiochemistry [general]|||
K09-F|Current||Textiles [general]|||
K09-G|Current||Photography [general]|||
K09-H|Current||Petroleum [general]|||
K09-J|Current||Metallurgy [general]|||
K09-K|Current||Engineering [general]|||
K09-L|Current||Control gear engineering [general]|||
K09-X|Current||Other nuclear applications|||
L01|Current|(1986-    )|Glass, vitreous enamels [general]|||
L01-A|Current||Glass, vitreous enamels - chemical compositions [unclassified]||Including vitreous alloys|
L01-A01|Current||Alkalis and alkaline earths [general]|||
L01-A01A|Current|(1972-    )|Soda lime glasses|||
L01-A01B|Current|(1972-    )|Other alkali(ne earth) glasses ( greater than 5% ) [exc. soda lime]|||
L01-A01C|Current|(1972-    )|Other alkali(ne earth) glasses containing minor amounts alkali ( less than 5% )|||
L01-A02|Current||Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - Pd, Pt and rare earths|||
L01-A02A|Current|(2005-    )|Lanthanide-containing glass|||
L01-A02B|Current|(2005-    )|Platinum and palladium containing glass|||
L01-A03|Current||Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - other metals [general]|||
L01-A03A|Current|(1972-    )|Alumina-bearing glasses|||
L01-A03B|Current|(1972-    )|Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - colouring oxide additions|||
L01-A03C|Current|(1972-    )|Glass, vitreous enamel chemical compositions - Other modifying oxides||Oxides of all metals of groups Ib, IIb, III, IV, Vb, VIb, VIIb and VIII, but oxides for modifying borate/borosilicate glasses - see L01-A06B, L01-A06D.|
L01-A03C1|Current|(1986-    )|Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - lead oxide|||
L01-A03C2|Current|(1986-    )|Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - zinc oxide|||
L01-A04|Current||Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - 0-50% silica|||
L01-A05|Current||Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - 50-100% silica|||
L01-A06|Current||Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - borate and borosilicate [general]|||
L01-A06A|Current|(1972-    )|Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - unmodified borate|||
L01-A06B|Current|(1972-    )|Glass, vitreous enamel chemical compositions - Modified borate (modified with non-metallic compounds and oxides of transition metals)|||
L01-A06C|Current|(1972-    )|Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - unmodified borosilicate|||
L01-A06D|Current|(1972-    )|Glass, vitreous enamel chemical compositions - Modified borosilicate (modified with non-metallic compounds and oxides of transition metals)|||
L01-A07|Current||Glass, vitreous enamels chemical compositions - other non-metals [general]|||
L01-A07A|Current|(1972-    )|Glass, vitreous enamel chemical compositions - Oxide network formers (oxides of P and group Va, Via and VIIa metals)|||
L01-A07B|Current|(1972-    )|Non-oxide glasses (sulphates, phosphides, halides, chalcogenides)|||
L01-A08|Current||Glass ceramics, crystallised glass compositions|||
L01-A09|Current|(2012-    )|Glass composition with special properties e.g. luminescent glass|||
L01-B|Current||Glass, vitreous enamels - treatment of batch [general]|||
L01-B01|Current|(1972-    )|Preparation of precursors for glass|||
L01-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Reuse/recycling of glass|||
L01-C|Current||Glass manufacture (replacing furnace) [unclassified]||Including crucibles for glass melting|
L01-C01|Current||Glass manufacture - for general application|||
L01-C02|Current||Glass manufacture - design and construction of melting tanks|||
L01-C03|Current||Glass manufacture - operation, working and control of melting tanks|||
L01-C04|Current||Glass delivery from melting tank|||
L01-C05|Current|(1986-    )|Glass manufacture - crucibles|||
L01-C06|Current|(1986-    )|Glass manufacture by sol-gel process|||
L01-D|Current||Forming flat glass [unclassified]||Including wire reinforced glass|
L01-D01|Current||Drawing glass from the melt|||
L01-D02|Current||Rolling and casting glass|||
L01-D03|Current||Forming glass in contact with a liquid surface [general] (float glass production)|||
L01-D03A|Current||Forming glass in contact with a liquid surface - bath chamber|||
L01-D03B|Current||Glass treatment in the chamber|||
L01-D03C|Current||Forming glass in contact with a liquid surface - thickness control|||
L01-D04|Current|(1986-    )|Wire reinforced glass sheet manufacture|||
L01-D05|Current|(1986-    )|Glass sheet manufacture by sol-gel process|||
L01-E|Current||Forming hollow-ware [unclassified]|||
L01-E01|Current||Forming hollow-ware [general]|||
L01-E02|Current||Gob formation||Including cutting, jets|
L01-E03|Current||Blowing glass||Including blow moulding|
L01-E04|Current||Pressing glass|||
L01-E05|Current||Moulding glass|||
L01-E06|Current||Moulds for forming hollow-ware|||
L01-E07|Current|(1972-    )|Transfer mechanisms for forming hollow-ware|||
L01-E08|Current|(1986-    )|Shaping glass manufactured by sol-gel process|||
L01-F|Current||Other glass forming processes [unclassified]||Including glass manufacture by methods other than melting and casting, and sintering; especially foamed glass manufacture. Also includes radioactive waste disposal in glass|
L01-F01|Current||Other glass forming processes [general]|||
L01-F02|Current||Glass tube, rod and cylinder formation|||
L01-F03|Current||Glass fibre manufacture|||
L01-F03A|Current||Surface treatment of glass fibre|||
L01-F03A1|Current|(1986-    )|Coating optical glass fibres|||
L01-F03B|Current|(1972-    )|Nozzles for glass fibre formation|||
L01-F03C|Current|(1972-    )|Ancillary equipment for glass fibre formation|||
L01-F03D|Current|(1972-    )|Glass fibre manufacture - forming rovings (fibre twisting, plaiting)|||
L01-F03E|Current|(1972-    )|Glass fibre manufacture - post forming||Including cutting fibre mat|
L01-F03F|Current|(1986-    )|Glass fibre manufacture - optical fibre preform manufacture|||
L01-F03F1|Current|(1986-    )|Optical glass fibre preform manufacture - core and sheath composition|||
L01-F03F2|Current|(1986-    )|Glass soot manufacture and deposition on core or sheath|||
L01-F03F3|Current|(1986-    )|Depositing glass films on core or sheath||Except L01-F03F2|
L01-F03F4|Current|(1986-    )|Fibre preform manufacture using preformed sheath and core rod|||
L01-F03F5|Current|(2002-    )|Organic coatings|||
L01-F03F6|Current|(2002-    )|Inorganic coatings|||
L01-F03F7|Current|(2002-    )|Optical and other coatings|||
L01-F03G|Current|(1986-    )|Optical glass fibre drawing and/or spinning|||
L01-F03H|Current|(1986-    )|Optical glass fibre cutting and joining|||
L01-F03J|Current|(1986-    )|Multicore and elliptical single core optical glass fibre manufacture|||
L01-F03K|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for manufacturing optical glass fibres|||
L01-F03L|Current|(1986-    )|Optical glass fibre cable manufacture|||
L01-F03M|Current|(1986-    )|Optical glass fibres [general]|||
L01-F04|Current||Shaping glass to special forms|||
L01-F05|Current|(1986-    )|Shaping glass manufactured by sol gel process|||
L01-F06|Current|(1986-    )|Vapour deposition of glass to form layers|||
L01-F07|Current|(1986-    )|Foamed glass|||
L01-G|Current||Post forming treatment of glass, vitreous enamels [unclassified]|||
L01-G01|Current||Post forming treatment of glass, vitreous enamels [general]|||
L01-G01A|Current|(1972-    )|Post forming treatment of glass, vitreous enamels - transfer and handling|||
L01-G02|Current||Post forming treatment of glass, vitreous enamels - annealing, sintering|||
L01-G03|Current||Post forming treatment of glass, vitreous enamels - thermal and chemical toughening|||
L01-G04|Current||Surface coating of glass|||
L01-G04A|Current|(1986-    )|Coating glass bottles|||
L01-G04B|Current|(1986-    )|Coating glass sheet with organic material|||
L01-G04C|Current|(1986-    )|Coating glass sheet with inorganic material|||
L01-G04C1|Current|(2011-    )|Coating glass sheet with metallic material|||
L01-G04D|Current|(1986-    )|Coating optical components|||
L01-G04E|Current|(1986-    )|Coating glass tableware|||
L01-G04F|Current|(2010-    )|Coating techniques|||
L01-G04F1|Current|(2010-    )|PVD, CVD and Sputtering|||
L01-G04F2|Current|(2010-    )|Other coating methods|||
L01-G04F2A|Current|(2011-    )|Electrostatic coating|||
L01-G04F2B|Current|(2011-    )|Spin coating|||
L01-G04F2C|Current|(2011-    )|Sol gel coating|||
L01-G04G|Current|(2011-    )|Coating other glass forms|||
L01-G04G1|Current|(2011-    )|Coating glass with organic materials|||
L01-G04G2|Current|(2011-    )|Coating glass with inorganic materials|||
L01-G04G3|Current|(2011-    )|Coating glass with metallic materials|||
L01-G05|Current||Surface modification (not mechanical)||Includes colouring, titurisation, etc.|
L01-G05A|Current|(1994-    )|Doping glass surface||e.g. to change refractive index for wave guides|
L01-G05B|Current|(2011-    )|Patterning glass|||
L01-G05C|Current|(2011-    )|Etching|||
L01-G06|Current||Mechanical surface treatment of glass|||
L01-G07|Current||Cutting of flat glass|||
L01-G08|Current||Cutting of glass other than flat|||
L01-G09|Current||Decorating glass||Including special colouring|
L01-G10|Current||Bending glass|||
L01-G11|Current|(2010-    )|Cleaning glass|||
L01-H|Current||Joining glass [unclassified]|||
L01-H01|Current||Joining glass [general]|||
L01-H02|Current||Laminated glass||Specific below take preference|
L01-H03|Old|(    -2010)|Joining glass to glass||Including sealing and solder glass|
L01-H03|Current|(2011-    )|Joining glass by soldering/welding||From 2011 this code has been expanded to include welding such as ultrasonic welding Includes sealing and soldering glass.|
L01-H03A|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to glass|||
L01-H03B|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to plastic/polymers|||
L01-H03C|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to ceramic|||
L01-H03D|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to metals|||
L01-H03E|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to semiconductors (e.g. silicon)|||
L01-H03X|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to other materials|||
L01-H04|Current||Joining glass by fusion||Includes thermal, thermocompression bonding, hot isostatic pressing. Exclude vitreous enamelling which is coded in L01-H06.|
L01-H04A|Current|(1986-    )|Joining glass by fusion - glass-metal seals|||
L01-H04B|Current|(1986-    )|Joining glass by fusion to ceramics|||
L01-H04C|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to glass|||
L01-H04D|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to plastic/polymers|||
L01-H04E|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to semiconductors (e.g. silicon)|||
L01-H04X|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to other materials|||
L01-H05|Current||Joining glass to other material with interlayer||e.g. of plastics|
L01-H05A|Current|(1994-    )|Glass-plastic seals||Including (sealing) double glazing units|
L01-H05B|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to glass|||
L01-H05C|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to ceramic|||
L01-H05D|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to metals|||
L01-H05E|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to semiconductors (e.g. silicon)|||
L01-H05X|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to other materials|||
L01-H06|Current||Vitreous enamelling|||
L01-H07|Current||Joining glass by sealants||including adhesives|
L01-H07A|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to glass|||
L01-H07B|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to plastic/polymers|||
L01-H07C|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to ceramic|||
L01-H07D|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to metals|||
L01-H07E|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to semiconductors (e.g. silicon)|||
L01-H07X|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to other materials|||
L01-H08|Current|(1972-    )|Glazes|||
L01-H09|Current|(2011-    )|Other bonding methods|||
L01-H09A|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to glass|||
L01-H09B|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to plastic/polymers|||
L01-H09C|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to ceramic|||
L01-H09D|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to metals|||
L01-H09E|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to semiconductors (e.g. silicon)|||
L01-H09X|Current|(2011-    )|Glass to other materials|||
L01-J|Current||Finished product handling [unclassified]|||
L01-J01|Current||Finished product handling [general]|||
L01-J02|Current||Finished product handling - quality control|||
L01-J03|Current||Filling glass containers|||
L01-J04|Current||Finished product handling - packing and storage|||
L01-K|Current||Glass ceramics [unclassified]|||
L01-K01|Current||Glass ceramics [general]|||
L01-K02|Current||Glass ceramics - process and apparatus|||
L01-K03|Current||Glass ceramics - applications|||
L01-L|Current||Applications of glass [unclassified]|||
L01-L01|Current||Applications of glass in building|||
L01-L02|Current||Applications of glass in vehicles|||
L01-L03|Current||Applications of glass in laboratory|||
L01-L04|Current||Applications of glass in electrical and electronic|||
L01-L05|Current||Applications of glass in optical||Including fibres|
L01-L06|Current||Applications of glass in packaging||Including bottling, etc.|
L01-L07|Old|(2002-2012)|Medicinal uses|||
L01-L07|Current|(2013-    )|Medicinal/Dental uses|||
L01-L08|Current|(2010-    )|Household/office use||Includes tableware, furniture, etc.|
L01-M|Current|(2005-    )|Control/Testing methods||Includes all measuring during processing of glass|
L02|Current|(1986-    )|Refractories, ceramics, cement [general]||The heading Cements (L02-C) refers to the chemical composition and preparation of hydraulic inorganic materials prior to addition of water. The heading Concretes (L02-D) refers to the same materials after addition of water despite the fact that they are often called cements when in the wet state.|
L02-A|Current||Refractories, ceramics, cement - manufacturing methods, equipment [unclassified]|||
L02-A01|Current||Refractories, ceramics, cement - manufacturing methods, equipment [general]|||
L02-A02|Current||Refractories, ceramics, cement manufacture - raw material preparation and treatment||Including powder, paste or slurry production, calcination and presintering of powders|
L02-A02A|Current|(1994-    )|Refractories, ceramics, cement manufacture - sol gel techniques||Ceramic manufacture by sol gel|
L02-A02B|Current|(1994-    )|PVD, CVD and sputtering techniques||e.g. to form diamond films|
L02-A02C|Current|(2011-    )|Foaming||Includes forming porous ceramics. For lightweight concretes, see L02-D03.|
L02-A03|Current||Refractories, ceramics, cement manufacture - shaping, drying||Including slip casting, clay extrusion, pressing, moulding|
L02-A03A|Current|(2011-    )|Mould release agent|||
L02-A04|Current||Refractories, ceramics, cement manufacture - sintering, firing, hot-pressing, hot extrusion||Including kiln furniture|
L02-A05|Current||Refractories, ceramics, cement manufacture - melting and casting||Including fusion of ceramics, but see L02-A03 for slip casting|
L02-A06|Current||Refractories, ceramics, cement manufacture - flame and plasma spraying|||
L02-A07|Current||Refractories, ceramics, cement manufacture - decorating and glazing|||
L02-A08|Current||Testing/Control|||
L02-A09|Current|(1972-    )|Single crystal growing (ceramics)|||
L02-A10|Current|(2010-    )|Cleaning|||
L02-A11|Current|(2010-    )|Cutting/welding|||
L02-A12|Current|(2010-    )|Surface treatment||Includes etching, marking, engraving and polishing|
L02-A13|Current|(2011-    )|Ceramic waste treatment/reuse/recycling|||
L02-A14|Current|(2011-    )|Nanomaterials|||
L02-B|Current||Refractories, ceramics, cement - preparation of materials [unclassified]||Include novel compositions.and treatment of these materials.|
L02-B01|Current||Preparation of lime(stone)|||
L02-B02|Current||Preparation of magnesia and dolomite|||
L02-B03|Current||Slags|||
L02-B04|Current||By-products of lime and magnesia|||
L02-B05|Current|(1972-    )|Expanded clay|||
L02-B06|Current|(1972-    )|Other clays|||
L02-B07|Current|(1972-    )|Asbestos||Including disposal of waste products|
L02-B08|Current|(1972-    )|Mineral fibres||e.g. from ceramic oxides, ores, rocks|
L02-C|Current||Cements [unclassified]|||
L02-C01|Current||Cements [general]|||
L02-C02|Current||Portland cements; apparatus for manufacture of cements from raw materials|||
L02-C03|Current||Portland clinker, pozzuolanic, slag and waste product|||
L02-C04|Current||Magnesium cements||Include magnesium compounds|
L02-C05|Current||Calcium sulphate cements|||
L02-C06|Current||Cement complex for special purposes|||
L02-C07|Current|(1972-    )|Cement containing alumina ( greater than 5% alumina)|||
L02-C08|Current|(1972-    )|Cement additives|||
L02-D|Current||Mortars, concretes [unclassified]|||
L02-D01|Current||Mortars and plasters||Including stuccos, grouts, trowellable mortars, mine filling compsns.|
L02-D02|Current||Heavy concretes; concrete mfg. appts, mixers, shuttering, mould release agents, lubricants|||
L02-D03|Current||Light concretes||e.g. containing pore formers|
L02-D04|Current||Prefabricated concrete||Concrete articles, pipes, blocks, autoclaving equipment|
L02-D04A|Current|(1986-    )|Prefabricated concrete - compositions|||
L02-D04B|Current|(1986-    )|Prefabricated concrete - methods|||
L02-D04C|Current|(1986-    )|Prefabricated concrete - apparatus|||
L02-D04D|Current|(1986-    )|Prefabricated concrete - products|||
L02-D05|Old|(    -2009)|Reinforced and pre-stressed concretes||Steel and glass fibre reinforced concrete|
L02-D05|Current|(2010-    )|Reinforced and pre-stressed concretes and mortars.||Steel and glass fibre reinforced and pre-stressed concretes. From 2010 this code has been expanded to include reinforced and pre-stressed mortars.|
L02-D06|Current||Concretes made with special fillers (based on portland cement only)|||
L02-D07|Current||Concretes and artificial stone (other than from portland cement)|||
L02-D07A|Current|(1977-    )|Gypsum products||Including plaster board, plaster modelling|
L02-D07B|Current|(1977-    )|Resin concretes|||
L02-D08|Current||Mortars, concretes - testing methods|||
L02-D09|Current|(1970-    )|Mortars, concretes - artificial floors and surfaces||Road, paving, sporting surfaces and floors and their subgrades. Includes artificial roofing.|
L02-D10|Current|(1972-    )|Mortars, concretes - bitumastic compositions|||
L02-D11|Current|(1972-    )|Mortars, concretes - asbestos and mineral fibre products|||
L02-D12|Current|(1972-    )|Mortars, concretes - soil consolidation|||
L02-D12A|Current|(2005-    )|Cementing and sealing compositions for oil and gas wells||See also H01-C02B|
L02-D13|Current|(1972-    )|Mortars, concretes - aggregates|||
L02-D13A|Current|(1994-    )|Mortars, concretes - fillers||e.g. fly ash etc.|
L02-D14|Current|(1972-    )|Concrete additives and coatings||Include additives for mortars.|
L02-D14A|Current|(1986-    )|Concrete set accelerators, retarders, activators|||
L02-D14B|Current|(1986-    )|Concrete strengthening additives|||
L02-D14C|Current|(1986-    )|Frost resistance imparting additives for concrete|||
L02-D14D|Current|(1986-    )|Water reducing additives (to reduce amount of water needed for making concrete)|||
L02-D14E|Current|(1986-    )|Plasticising and fluidising additives for concrete|||
L02-D14F|Current|(1986-    )|Polymeric additives for concrete|||
L02-D14G|Current|(2012-    )|Corrosion inhibiting agents|||
L02-D14H|Current|(2012-    )|Biological additives e.g. Fungicides|||
L02-D14M|Current|(1986-    )|Polymeric and organic coatings and impregnants for concrete|||
L02-D14N|Current|(1986-    )|Inorganic coatings and impregnants for concrete|||
L02-D14P|Current|(1986-    )|Decorative coatings and additives for concretes|||
L02-D14Q|Current|(1986-    )|Water permeability retarding layers and additives for concrete|||
L02-D14R|Current|(1994-    )|Paints for concrete|||
L02-D14S|Current|(2011-    )|Antifoaming additive|||
L02-D15|Current|(1972-    )|Sound and thermal insulation||Including acoustic and thermal insulation based on inorganic materials, fire protecting panels|
L02-D15A|Current|(1986-    )|Fire resistance boards, blocks, blankets etc.||Includes all products|
L02-D15A1|Current|(2011-    )|Fireproof materials|||
L02-D15B|Current|(1986-    )|Thermal and acoustic insulating boards|||
L02-D15C|Current|(1986-    )|Thermal and acoustic insulating flexible sheeting|||
L02-D15D|Current|(1986-    )|Thermal and acoustic insulating material compositions|||
L02-D15E|Current|(2011-    )|Other thermal and acoustic insulating products|||
L02-E|Current||Refractories [unclassified]||Acid refractories are considered as more acid than mullite or forsterite, basic refractories, more basic than mullite or forsterite. Neutral refractories include intermediate acidity materials such as Al2O3, ZrO2, carbides, nitrides, etc.|
L02-E01|Current||Refractories [general]|||
L02-E02|Current||Fireclay and diatomaceous refractories|||
L02-E03|Current||Acid refractories|||
L02-E04|Current||Basic refractories|||
L02-E05|Current||Refractories - mouldables, castables and coatings|||
L02-E06|Current||Refractories - core materials||Includes refractory hot tops, linings and blast furnace tap hole seals|
L02-E07|Current||Refractories - carbon and carbon-contg.||Takes precedence over L02-E03 and L02-E04|
L02-E08|Current||Refractories - fused and cast|||
L02-E09|Current||Refractories - amphoteric and neutral|||
L02-F|Current||Abrasives (including friction materials for clutches and brakes)|||
L02-F01|Current|(1994-    )|Abrasives (including binders) [general]|||
L02-F02|Current||Rouges||Including oxides other than L02-F04|
L02-F03|Current||Carbides, silicides, nitrides||Including abrasive tools using these materials|
L02-F04|Current||Harsh oxides (MOH's hardness greater than 6)|||
L02-F05|Current||Carbon|||
L02-F05A|Current|(2002-    )|Diamond||Including abrasive tools using diamond|
L02-F05B|Current|(2002-    )|Graphite|||
L02-F05C|Current|(2002-    )|Carbon fibres|||
L02-F06|Current|(2002-    )|Automotive uses|||
L02-G|Current||Oxide ceramics [unclassified]||Including 'technical' ceramics.|
L02-G01|Current|(1970-    )|Inorganic Oxides||Includes materials and products made therefrom, e.g. catalyst supports, molecular sieves, filters, diaphragms and membranes. For preparation methods, see L02-G12. Until 200601 code entitled General.|
L02-G01A|Current|(2002-    )|Alumina||Includes aluminates, aluminosilicates, zeolites. See L02-G11 for production|
L02-G01B|Current|(2002-    )|Silica|||
L02-G01B1|Current|(2006-    )|Metal silicates|||
L02-G01C|Old|(2002-2005)|Yttria|||
L02-G01C|Current|(2006-    )|Rare earth oxides||Until 200601, code entitled 'yttria' After 200601 this code is the general code representing 'rare earth oxides' whereas specific codes L02-G01C1 now represents 'yttria' and L02-G01C2 represents 'ceria'.|
L02-G01C1|Current|(2006-    )|Yttria|||
L02-G01C2|Current|(2006-    )|Ceria|||
L02-G01D|Current|(2002-    )|Zirconia||Includes zirconates|
L02-G01E|Current|(2006-    )|Titania||Includes titanates|
L02-G01F|Current|(2006-    )|Zinc oxides|||
L02-G01M|Current|(2006-    )|Mixed metal oxides||Includes metallates|
L02-G01M1|Current|(2006-    )|Metal titanates|||
L02-G01X|Current|(2006-    )|Other inorganic oxides|||
L02-G02|Current||Heavy clay products|||
L02-G03|Current||Whiteware|||
L02-G03A|Current|(1972-    )|Porcelains||Including dental porcelains|
L02-G03A1|Current|(2002-    )|Prostheses, hydroxyappatite,|||
L02-G04|Current||Oxide ceramics - colours|||
L02-G05|Current||Oxide ceramics - electrical insulators||Including preparation of mica, mica sheet, insulators for power lines, ceramic substrates and ceramic encapsulating compositions|
L02-G06|Current||Oxide ceramics - thermal and acoustic insulators||Including thermal insulating material prepared by firing a ceramic only. For all other thermal insulating material see L02-D15|
L02-G07|Current||Electronic ceramics [general]||Novel oxides for electrical purposes, prepn. methods of conventional oxides. Ferroelastic materials are coded with ferroelectric materials|
L02-G07A|Current|(1972-    )|Oxide ceramics - magnetic compositions|||
L02-G07B|Current|(1972-    )|Oxide ceramics - piezoelectrics|||
L02-G07C|Current|(1972-    )|Oxide ceramics - high permittivity compositions|||
L02-G07D|Current|(1972-    )|Resistive oxide compositions, semiconductive oxide compositions||See L03-B01A for zinc oxide based ceramic varistors|
L02-G07E|Current|(2002-    )|Conductive ceramics|||
L02-G08|Current||Wear resistant ceramics, lubricants||Including friction materials and artificial and natural oxide gemstones|
L02-G09|Current||Nuclear ceramics|||
L02-G10|Current||Ceramics for optical purposes [general]|||
L02-G10A|Current|(1972-    )|Luminescent and fluorescent ceramic compositions|||
L02-G10B|Current|(2010-    )|Laser compositions|||
L02-G11|Current|(1972-    )|Alumina preparation (from raw materials)||Includes production of aluminates, aluminosilicates, zeolites|
L02-G12|Current|(1972-    )|Preparation||For manufacture of materials and products made therefrom. See L02-G01 for claimed materials and products. L02-B01 (calcia), L02-B02 (magnesia), L02-G07 (conductive oxides), L02-G11 (alumina, aluminosilicates, zeolite) take preference|
L02-G12A|Current|(2006-    )|Titania||Includes titanates|
L02-G12B|Current|(2006-    )|Zirconia||Includes zirconates|
L02-G12C|Current|(2006-    )|Zinc oxides|||
L02-G12D|Current|(2006-    )|Rare earth oxides|||
L02-G12D1|Current|(2006-    )|Yttria|||
L02-G12D2|Current|(2006-    )|Ceria|||
L02-G12E|Current|(2006-    )|Silica|||
L02-G12E1|Current|(2006-    )|Metal silicates|||
L02-G12M|Current|(2006-    )|Mixed metal oxides||Includes metallates|
L02-G12M1|Current|(2006-    )|Metal titanates|||
L02-G12X|Current|(2006-    )|Other inorganic oxides|||
L02-H|Current||Non-oxide ceramics [unclassified]||Including halides|
L02-H01|Current||Non-oxide ceramics [general]|||
L02-H02|Current||Non-oxide ceramics - carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides, (general)|||
L02-H02A|Current|(1972-    )|Non-oxide ceramics - carbides|||
L02-H02B|Current|(1972-    )|Non-oxide ceramics - borides, nitrides, silicides|||
L02-H02B1|Current|(1986-    )|Non-oxide ceramics - borides|||
L02-H02B2|Current|(1986-    )|Non-oxide ceramics - nitrides|||
L02-H02B3|Current|(1986-    )|Non-oxide ceramics - silicides|||
L02-H03|Current||Non-oxide ceramics - sulphides, phosphides (novel compositions only)|||
L02-H04|Current||Non-oxide ceramics - carbon and graphite [general]||See also J04-F|
L02-H04A|Current|(1972-    )|Carbon fibres|||
L02-H04B|Current|(2002-    )|Carbon nanostructures||Including fullerenes and nanotubes|
L02-H05|Current||Non-oxide ceramics - arsenides, selenides, tellurides (novel compositions only)|||
L02-J|Current|(1972-    )|Ceramic composites [unclassified]|||
L02-J01|Current||Metal/ceramic composites|||
L02-J01A|Current||Metallised ceramic|||
L02-J01B|Current||Cermets||Including cermet cutting tools|
L02-J01C|Current||Ceramic/metal seals|||
L02-J01D|Current||Ceramic fibre reinforced metal|||
L02-J01E|Current||Ceramic coating on metal|||
L02-J02|Current||Non-metal/ceramic composites|||
L02-J02A|Current||Ceramic/glass|||
L02-J02B|Current||Ceramic/plastics|||
L02-J02C|Current||Dissimilar ceramics|||
L02-J03|Current|(2006-    )|Powder coatings||May be used with other L02-J codes, and see M13-H04A|
L02-K|Current|(2011-    )|Application of ceramics|||
L02-K01|Current|(2011-    )|Application of ceramics - household use|||
L02-K02|Old|(2011-2012)|Application of ceramics - medical|||
L02-K02|Current|(2013-    )|Application of ceramics - Medical/Dental|||
L03|Current||Electro-(in)organic|||
L03-A|Current||Electro-(in)organic conductors and insulators||Including electrical insulating compositions not codable in L02-G05|
L03-A01|Current||Electro-(in)organic conductors - mainly metals and alloys|||
L03-A01A|Current||Non-insulated (conducting alloys, contacts, conductive inks and pastes)|||
L03-A01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Silver (alloy) contacts and electrodes||For contacts or electrodes used in specific applications which cannot be catered for elsewhere.|
L03-A01A2|Current|(1986-    )|Other metal/alloy contacts and electrodes||For contacts or electrodes used in specific applications which cannot be catered for elsewhere.|
L03-A01A3|Current|(1994-    )|Conductive pastes including polymers filled with conductive metal|||
L03-A01A4|Current|(1986-    )|Sliding contacts, pantographs etc.|||
L03-A01A5|Current|(1986-    )|Conductive alloy compositions|||
L03-A01A6|Current|(2010-    )|Nanomaterials|||
L03-A01B|Current||Conductors, metal, insulated|||
L03-A01B1|Current|(1986-    )|Cables|||
L03-A01B2|Current|(1986-    )|Joining cables|||
L03-A01B3|Current|(1986-    )|Insulated wire|||
L03-A01B4|Current|(1986-    )|Insulating oils for cables|||
L03-A01B5|Current|(1986-    )|Preparation of leads and terminals|||
L03-A01B6|Old|(1986-2012)|Soldering, welding, thermo-compression bonding||See L04-C17A for soldering of semiconductors and L03-H04E6 for soldering of printed circuits|
L03-A01B6|Current|(2013-    )|Soldering, brazing, welding, thermo-compression bonding||See L04-C17A for soldering of semiconductors and L03-H04E6 for soldering of printed circuits.|
L03-A01B7|Current|(2012-    )|Wire harness|||
L03-A01C|Current|(1972-    )|Superconductors|||
L03-A01C1|Current|(2002-    )|Metallic superconductors|||
L03-A01C1A|Current|(2002-    )|Nb superconductors|||
L03-A01C2|Current|(2002-    )|Ceramic superconductors|||
L03-A01C2A|Current|(2002-    )|Perovskite superconductors|||
L03-A01C2B|Current|(2002-    )|Ybco superconductors|||
L03-A01C3|Current|(2002-    )|Organic superconductors|||
L03-A01C4|Current|(2013-    )|Nanomaterials||Use this code in conjunction with other L03-A01C codes.|
L03-A02|Current||Non metal conductors|||
L03-A02A|Current||Non-insulated non-metal conductors|||
L03-A02B|Current|(1986-    )|Non metal conductors - carbon and graphite|||
L03-A02C|Current|(1986-    )|Ion conductive solids|||
L03-A02C1|Current|(2002-    )|Indium-tin oxide (ITO)|||
L03-A02D|Current|(1986-    )|Conductive polymers|||
L03-A02E|Current|(1986-    )|Polymers filled with non-metallic conductive materials|||
L03-A02G|Current|(2007-    )|Conductive nanomaterials||Includes nanotube, nanowire manufacture. See also L02-H04B for carbon nanostructures.|
L03-A03|Current|(2002-    )|Insulators|||
L03-A03A|Current|(2002-    )|Organic insulators|||
L03-A03B|Current|(2002-    )|Inorganic insulators|||
L03-A03N|Current|(2011-    )|Nanomaterials|||
L03-B|Current||Resistors, magnets, capacitors, switches [unclassified]|||
L03-B01|Current||Resistors, fixed or adjustable [general]|||
L03-B01A|Current|(1972-    )|Variable resistors|||
L03-B01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Varistors|||
L03-B01A2|Current|(1986-    )|Thermistors (heat sensitive resistors)|||
L03-B01A3|Current|(1986-    )|Humidity sensitive resistors|||
L03-B01A4|Current|(1986-    )|Gas sensitive resistors|||
L03-B01B|Current|(1972-    )|Fixed resistors|||
L03-B01C|Current|(1972-    )|Thick film resistive compositions|||
L03-B02|Current||Magnets, inductances, transformers, etc. [general]||For magnetic tape compsns. discs, lubricants, etc. see L03-B05 from 198601|
L03-B02A|Current|(1972-    )|Magnetic metals, alloys|||
L03-B02A1|Current|(1986-    )|Iron-based powder cores and powders|||
L03-B02A2|Current|(1986-    )|Iron based alloys (L03-B02A5 takes precedence)||L03-B02A5 takes precedence|
L03-B02A3|Current|(1986-    )|Electric steels||Including silicon steels|
L03-B02A4|Current|(1986-    )|Nickel and cobalt-based alloys (L03-B02A5 takes precedence)||L03-B02A5 takes precedence|
L03-B02A5|Current|(1986-    )|Rare earth nickel/cobalt/iron alloys|||
L03-B02A6|Current|(1986-    )|Other alloys|||
L03-B02B|Current|(1972-    )|Magnetic non-metals [general]|||
L03-B02B1|Current|(1986-    )|Barium ferrite based magnetic compositions|||
L03-B02B2|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic non-metals - other ferrites [exc. barium]|||
L03-B02B3|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic non-metals - garnets|||
L03-B02B4|Current|(2009-    )|Magnetic polymers; plastics||Includes organic magnetic materials.|
L03-B02B4A|Current|(2009-    )|Magnetic polymer composite particles||Excludes magneic pigments for recording (covered in L03-B05D1).|
L03-B02B5|Current|(2009-    )|Magnetic liquid compositions|||
L03-B02B5A|Current|(2009-    )|Ferrofluids, magnetic colloids|||
L03-B02B5B|Current|(2009-    )|Magnetorheological fluids, magnetoviscous liquids|||
L03-B02B6|Current|(2009-    )|Other magnetic material compositions||Excludes magnetic recording.|
L03-B02B6A|Current|(2009-    )|Inorganic composite magnetic particles||Excludes magneic pigments for recording (covered in L03-B05D1).|
L03-B02C|Current|(1972-    )|Inductances||Including insulating oils for inductors|
L03-B02D|Current|(1972-    )|Transformers||Including insulating oils for transformers|
L03-B02E|Current|(1986-    )|Motors|||
L03-B02F|Current|(1986-    )|Coils|||
L03-B02G|Current|(2009-    )|Medical or pharmaceutical industry applications|||
L03-B02H|Current|(2009-    )|Magnetic inks, paints, lacquers|||
L03-B02J|Current|(2009-    )|Engineering, Automotive applications|||
L03-B02M|Current|(2011-    )|Magnetic memory||See also L04-E15 for semiconductor memory.|
L03-B02N|Current|(2012-    )|Nanomagnetic Materials|||
L03-B02X|Current|(2009-    )|Other applications of magnets or magnetic compositions||Excludes magnetic recording which is covered in L03-B05|
L03-B03|Current||Capacitors and capacitive devices [general]||Including electrets, condensers|
L03-B03A|Current|(1972-    )|Electrolytic capacitors|||
L03-B03B|Current|(1972-    )|Monolithic capacitors|||
L03-B03C|Current|(1972-    )|Thick/thin film capacitive compositions|||
L03-B03D|Current|(1972-    )|Other capacitors, fixed/variable|||
L03-B03E|Current|(1986-    )|Inorganic dielectric compositions|||
L03-B03F|Current|(1986-    )|Organic dielectric compositions|||
L03-B03G|Current|(2002-    )|Capacitor electrodes|||
L03-B03G1|Current|(2007-    )|Inorganic capacitor electrodes|||
L03-B03G2|Current|(2011-    )|Metallic capacitor electrodes|||
L03-B03H|Current|(2006-    )|Capacitor electrolytes|||
L03-B03J|Current|(2007-    )|Multilayer capacitors|||
L03-B04|Current||Electric switches, relays, protective devices||Including arc suppressing gases, commutators, surge arresters|
L03-B04A|Current|(1986-    )|Switches|||
L03-B04B|Current|(1986-    )|Relays and contact breakers|||
L03-B04C|Current|(1986-    )|Commutators|||
L03-B04D|Current|(1986-    )|Fuses|||
L03-B04E|Current|(1986-    )|Lightning arresters and surge absorbers|||
L03-B05|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic recording (covered by L03-B02 prior to 1986 wk01)||Covered by L03-B02 prior to 198601|
L03-B05A|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic tapes|||
L03-B05B|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic plates, discs|||
L03-B05C|Current|(1986-    )|Other recording media|||
L03-B05D|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic layers, dispersions|||
L03-B05D1|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic pigments|||
L03-B05D2|Current|(1986-    )|After treatment of magnetic pigments|||
L03-B05D3|Current|(1986-    )|Non magnetic additives|||
L03-B05D4|Current|(1986-    )|Binders for magnetic layers and dispersions|||
L03-B05E|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic layers, metal plating|||
L03-B05F|Current|(1986-    )|Magneto-optical and thermo-magnetic layers|||
L03-B05G|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic layers for vertical recording|||
L03-B05H|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic layers for security documents etc.|||
L03-B05J|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic layers general and unspecified|||
L03-B05K|Current|(1986-    )|Non-magnetic layers|||
L03-B05K1|Current|(1986-    )|Protective layers|||
L03-B05K2|Current|(1986-    )|Backing layers|||
L03-B05K3|Current|(1986-    )|Lubricant layers|||
L03-B05L|Current|(1986-    )|Supports for magnetic layers|||
L03-B05L1|Current|(1986-    )|Polymeric support for magnetic layers|||
L03-B05L2|Current|(1986-    )|Metal support for magnetic layers|||
L03-B05L3|Current|(1986-    )|Coatings forming part of the support|||
L03-B05M|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic heads|||
L03-B05N|Current|(1986-    )|Non-magnetic gap fillers for magnetic heads|||
L03-B05W|Current|(2012-    )|Magnetic writer|||
L03-B06|Current|(1986-    )|Magnetic cores||Including bubbles and dots|
L03-C|Current||Electric discharge lamps and tubes, incandescent lamps [unclassified]||Including electron multiplier tubes dynodes, short arc fluorescent lamps|
L03-C01|Current||Non-emissive electrodes and materials therefor, getters|||
L03-C02|Current||Emissive electrodes and materials for discharge tubes and lamps [general]|||
L03-C02A|Current|(1972-    )|Electrodes||Including photo-cathodes and target cathodes|
L03-C02B|Current|(1972-    )|Fluorescent compositions for TV screens|||
L03-C02C|Current|(1972-    )|Luminescent compositions for tube surfaces||Including fluorescers for diodes, etc.|
L03-C02D|Current|(1972-    )|Vapour fillings and additives|||
L03-C03|Current||Electrode supports, mountings, envelopes, bases, for to valves and/or crts, X-ray tubes, etc.||Including designs for tubes and valves. Also vidicon tubes|
L03-C03A|Current|(2005-    )|Electrode supports, seals and mountings||Covers materials and methods of manufacture|
L03-C03B|Current|(2005-    )|CRT shadow masks||Covers materials and manufacturing techniqes e.g etching|
L03-C04|Current||Incandescent and luminescent screens, discharge tube envelopes, etc. [general]||Includes fluorescent and discharge lamps|
L03-C04A|Current||Incandescent and luminous screens|||
L03-C04B|Current||Tubes manufacture|||
L03-C05|Current||Electric incandescent lamps|||
L03-C05A|Current|(2005-    )|Seals and mountings||Covers sealing and mounting materials and methods for incandescent lamps|
L03-C05B|Current|(2005-    )|Filaments and fillings||Covers filament materials and filling gases for incandescent lamps|
L03-C05C|Current|(2005-    )|Lamp envelopes||Covers envelope materials and manufacturing methods for incandescent lamps|
L03-C06|Current|(2011-    )|LED lamps|||
L03-D|Retired|(1972-2004)|Semiconductor, piezoelectric, thermooptic, opto-electronic materials and devices*||*From 198601, the scope of L03-D02+, L03-D03+, L03-D04+ and L03-D05+ codes which terminated in 1985 are covered by L04+ codes. Scope of all remaining L03-D codes are now covered in L03-G from 200501.|
L03-D01|Retired|(1972-2004)|Materials, general*||*Including pyroelectric materials|
L03-D01A|Retired|(1972-1985)|Semiconductor materials*||*Scope now covered in L04-A+.|
L03-D01B|Retired|(1972-2004)|Piezoelectric materials*||*Scope now covered in L03-G09A|
L03-D01C|Retired|(1972-2004)|Thermo-optic materials*||*Scope now covered in L03-G09D|
L03-D01D|Retired|(1972-2004)|Opto-electronic materials*||*Scope now covered in L03-G09E.|
L03-D01D1|Retired|(1986-2004)|Liquid crystal compounds*||*Scope now covered in L03-G05B1|
L03-D01D2|Retired|(1986-2004)|Liquid crystal material mixtures*||*Scope now covered in L03-G05B2|
L03-D01D3|Retired|(1986-2004)|Additives for liquid crystal materials*||*Scope now covered in L03-G05B4|
L03-D01E|Retired|(1994-2004)|Electro-rheological fluids*||*Scope now covered in L03-G09F|
L03-D02|Retired|(1970-1985)|Producing semiconductors, doping [general]*||*Scope now covered in L04-B+.|
L03-D02A|Retired|(1972-1985)|Single crystal growth*||*Semiconducting materials only; does not include epitaxial layer production. Scope now covered in L04-B01+.|
L03-D02B|Retired|(1972-1985)|Zone refining*||*Scope now covered in L04-B02A.|
L03-D02C|Retired|(1972-1985)|Doping*||*Scope now covered in L04-B03.|
L03-D03|Retired|(1970-1985)|Producing semiconductor devices using L03-D01 materials [general]*||*Scope now covered in L04-C+.|
L03-D03A|Retired|(1972-1985)|Producing semiconductor devices using doped layers on a substrate*||*Including epitaxial layer production of single crystals. Scope now covered in L04-C01+ and L04-C02+.|
L03-D03B|Retired|(1972-1985)|Producing semiconductor devices using masking techniques*||*Scope now covered in L04-C06+.|
L03-D03C|Retired|(1972-1985)|Producing semiconductor devices by etching, slicing, and dicing*||*Scope now covered in L04-C07+.|
L03-D03D|Retired|(1972-1985)|Insulating and conductive layer production*||*Scope for conductive layer formation now covered in L04-C10+. Scope for insulating layer formation now covered in L04-C12+.|
L03-D03E|Retired|(1972-1985)|Production of complete semiconductor devices*||*Unspecified devices only, otherwise L03-D04. From 198601, scope is now covered by L04-C+ codes.|
L03-D03F|Retired|(1972-1985)|Producing semiconductor devices by soldering, thermo-compression bonding*||*Including soldering of any electronic component. From 198601, scope is now covered by L04-C17A.|
L03-D03G|Retired|(1972-1985)|Producing semiconductor devices by encapsulation*||*Including passivation and partial encapsulation. From 198601, encapsulation is covered in L04-C20+.|
L03-D03H|Retired|(1977-1985)|Producing semiconductor devices using undoped layers on a substrate*||*Including epitaxial layer production of single crystals. Scope covered from 198601 by L04-C01+.|
L03-D04|Retired|(1972-2004)|Devices [general]*||*Including Hall effect and Pockels cell devices and electro- optical devices. From 200501, scope covered in L03-G10 and L04-E+.|
L03-D04A|Retired|(1972-1985)|Transistors*||*From 198601 scope now covered in L04-E01+.|
L03-D04B|Retired|(1972-1985)|Diodes, rectifiers*||*Including LED's, light-emitting semiconductive devices and arrays. Scope now covered in L04-E02+ and L04-E03+.|
L03-D04C|Retired|(1972-1985)|Thyristors*||*From 198601 scope now covered in L04-E04.|
L03-D04D|Retired|(1972-2004)|Electromechanical transducers*||*Including mechano-electrical transducers (but see L03-H03 for speaker cones); also including ferro-elastic devices Scope covered in L03-G10 from 200501|
L03-D04E|Retired|(1972-1985)|Radiation sensitive devices*||*Including thermo-piles, photoelectric cells. From 198601 photoelectric cells covered in L04-E05D.|
L03-D04F|Retired|(1972-2004)|Image converters*||*Including image intensifiers. Scope covered in L03-G10|
L03-D04G|Retired|(1972-2004)|Thermo-optical devices*||*Including thermal printing heads Scope now covered in L03-G10B, C and D|
L03-D05|Retired|(1970-1985)|Sealing devices in housings*||*From 198601 scope now covered in L04-C21.|
L03-D05A|Retired|(1994-2004)|Materials for device housings - e.g. polymers for general electrical/electronic usage*||*Including thermal printing heads. Scope now covered in L03-J*.|
L03-E|Current||Batteries, accumulators, thermoelectric elements [unclassified]|||
L03-E01|Current||Components of primary and secondary cells [general]||Components take precedence over cell type unless more than two components are claimed|
L03-E01A|Current|(1972-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - separators|||
L03-E01B|Current|(1972-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - electrodes|||
L03-E01B1|Current|(1977-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - lead electrodes|||
L03-E01B2|Current|(1977-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - air or oxygen electrodes|||
L03-E01B3|Current|(1986-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - graphite electrodes|||
L03-E01B4|Current|(1986-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - nickel and cadmium electrodes|||
L03-E01B4A|Current|(2002-    )|Ni electrodes for NiCd batteries|||
L03-E01B4B|Current|(2002-    )|Cd electrodes|||
L03-E01B4C|Current|(2002-    )|Ni Mh electrodes||Includes H2 storage alloys|
L03-E01B5|Current|(1986-    )|Alkali metal electrodes and unspecified electrodes for alkaline cells|||
L03-E01B5A|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese oxide electrodes||Includes electrodes for alkaline manganese cells|
L03-E01B5B|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium electrodes||Includes novel electrodes for lithium cells. For lithium manganate see L03-E01B5C.|
L03-E01B5C|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium manganate electrodes|||
L03-E01B5D|Current|(2002-    )|Sodium-sulphur electrodes|||
L03-E01B6|Current|(1986-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - zinc and zinc oxide electrode|||
L03-E01B7|Current|(1986-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - silver and silver oxide electrodes|||
L03-E01B8|Current|(1986-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - other inorganic electrodes|||
L03-E01B8A|Current|(2002-    )|Other inorganic oxide electrodes|||
L03-E01B9|Current|(1986-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - organic electrodes|||
L03-E01B9A|Current|(2002-    )|Polymer electrodes|||
L03-E01C|Current|(1972-    )|Components of primary and secondary cells - electrolytes|||
L03-E01C1|Current|(2002-    )|Aqueous electrodes|||
L03-E01C2|Current|(2002-    )|Non-aqueous electrodes|||
L03-E01C3|Current|(2002-    )|Solid electrolytes|||
L03-E01C4|Current|(2002-    )|Liquid electrolytes|||
L03-E01C5|Current|(2002-    )|Molten/fused electrolytes|||
L03-E01D|Current|(1972-    )|Components of prim. and sec. Cells - other components - not separators, electrodes, electrolytes|||
L03-E01D1|Current|(2002-    )|Cases|||
L03-E01D2|Current|(2002-    )|Terminals|||
L03-E01D3|Current|(2002-    )|Seals|||
L03-E01D4|Current|(2011-    )|Connectors|||
L03-E01D5|Current|(2011-    )|Carriers, plates||Includes current collector, grid, support, charge and frame|
L03-E01D6|Current|(2011-    )|Battery packs|||
L03-E02|Current||Primary cells|||
L03-E03|Current||Secondary cells|||
L03-E04|Current||Fuel cells [general]|||
L03-E04A|Current||Solid electrolyte cells||Including beta -Al2O3 for Na-S cells|
L03-E04A1|Current|(2002-    )|Solid oxide electrolyte cells|||
L03-E04A2|Current|(2002-    )|Solid polymer electrolyte cells|||
L03-E04B|Current||Fuel cell electrodes|||
L03-E04B1|Current|(2006-    )|Catalyst electrodes||See also J04-E04D|
L03-E04B2|Current|(2007-    )|Membrane electrodes|||
L03-E04C|Current|(2002-    )|Molten carbonate fuel cells|||
L03-E04D|Current|(2002-    )|Alkaline fuel cells|||
L03-E04E|Current|(2002-    )|Phosphoric acid fuel cells|||
L03-E04F|Current|(2002-    )|Hydrogen oxygen fuel cells|||
L03-E04G|Current|(2002-    )|Fuel cell separators|||
L03-E04H|Old|(2006-2012)|Production of fuel cell components||Includes assembling of fuel cells.|
L03-E04H|Current|(2013-    )|Production of fuel cell and components||Includes assembling of fuel cells.|
L03-E04H1|Current|(2006-    )|Production of fuel cell separators|||
L03-E04H2|Current|(2006-    )|Production of fuel cell electrodes||Includes preparation of electrode materials.|
L03-E04H3|Current|(2006-    )|Production of other fuel cell components||Includes electrolyte manufacture.|
L03-E04I|Current|(2006-    )|Hydrogen generation|||
L03-E04J|Current|(2007-    )|Hydrogen storage materials/facility||See also J06-B06A|
L03-E04K|Current|(2011-    )|Biofuel cell|||
L03-E04L|Current|(2011-    )|Flow field plate|||
L03-E04P|Current|(2012-    )|Gas diffusion layers|||
L03-E05|Current||Other direct energy conversion devices|||
L03-E05A|Current|(1972-    )|Thermocouples|||
L03-E05B|Current|(1986-    )|Solar cells|||
L03-E05B1|Current|(2011-    )|Dye-sensitized solar cells|||
L03-E05B1A|Current|(2011-    )|Dye material|||
L03-E05B2|Current|(2013-    )|Electrode structure/materials|||
L03-E05C|Current|(1994-    )|Gas sensors - i.e. those which are not gas-sensitive resistors|||
L03-E05D|Current|(2002-    )|Hybrid cells|||
L03-E05D1|Current|(2002-    )|Electrodes|||
L03-E05D2|Current|(2002-    )|Metal-air hybrid cells|||
L03-E05D3|Current|(2002-    )|Metal-halogen hybrid cells|||
L03-E06|Current|(2002-    )|Reclamation and disposal||See also relevant electrode code|
L03-E07|Current|(2002-    )|Testing batteries and fuel cells|||
L03-E08|Old|(2006-2012)|Production of battery components||See also relevant electrode code. Include apparatus for manufacturing battery and its components. Include assembling of batteries.|
L03-E08|Current|(2013-    )|Production of battery and components||See also relevant electrode code. Include apparatus for manufacturing battery and its components. Include assembling of batteries.|
L03-E08A|Current|(2006-    )|Production of separators|||
L03-E08B|Current|(2006-    )|Production of electrodes||Includes preparation of electrode materials.|
L03-E08C|Current|(2006-    )|Production of other components||e.g. cases, terminals and seals. Also include electrolyte manufacture.|
L03-E09|Current|(2006-    )|Recharging batteries||e.g. processes or apparatus for recharging. Only if sufficient chemical interest. See also X16-G|
L03-E10|Current|(2011-    )|Repairing batteries|||
L03-F|Current|(1972-    )|Stimulated radiation-emission devices [unclassified]|||
L03-F01|Current||Masers|||
L03-F02|Current||Lasers [general]|||
L03-F02A|Current|(1972-    )|Lasers - compositions|||
L03-F02A1|Current|(2002-    )|Gaseous laser compositions|||
L03-F02A2|Current|(2002-    )|Solid laser compositions||Includes YAG, Ruby|
L03-F02A3|Current|(2011-    )|Dye laser||Includes YAG, Ruby|
L03-F02B|Current|(1972-    )|Lasers - construction and design|||
L03-G|Current||Other basic electr(on)ic elements and materials|||
L03-G01|Current|(1972-    )|Delay lines|||
L03-G02|Current|(1972-    )|Wave guides||Includes optical fibre waveguides. Also include optical components which cannot be coded more specifically below.|
L03-G02A|Current|(2002-    )|Polarisers|||
L03-G02B|Current|(2002-    )|Optical filters|||
L03-G02C|Current|(2002-    )|Attenuators|||
L03-G02D|Current|(2002-    )|Components for optoelectronic circuits|||
L03-G02E|Current|(2011-    )|Antireflective coating|||
L03-G02F|Current|(2012-    )|Optical switch|||
L03-G02G|Current|(2013-    )|Reflectors|||
L03-G03|Current|(1972-    )|Coulometers|||
L03-G04|Current|(1972-    )|Optical memory and storage elements||Covers optical discs and holographic media|
L03-G04A|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor memory elements||Scope now covered by L04-E15|
L03-G04B|Current|(1986-    )|Optical memory elements||For Magnetic and Magneto-optical memory elements see L03-B05|
L03-G04B1|Current|(2005-    )|Dyes and pigments for recordable discs|||
L03-G04B2|Current|(2005-    )|Alloy compositions for recordable discs||For dynamic e.g. phase change optical disk memory using e.g. GeSbTe alloys. See also T03-B01B5G.|
L03-G04B3|Current|(2005-    )|Substrates for optical discs|||
L03-G04B4|Current|(2005-    )|Coatings for recordable discs|||
L03-G04B5|Current|(2011-    )|Optical cards|||
L03-G04B9|Current|(2005-    )|Materials for holographic applications|||
L03-G05|Current|(1972-    )|Display devices||Including arrays|
L03-G05A|Current|(1986-    )|Liquid crystal display devices||But see L03-D01D for liquid crystal materials.|
L03-G05A1|Current|(2002-    )|LCD panels|||
L03-G05A2|Current|(2002-    )|Light valves|||
L03-G05A3|Current|(2010-    )|Backlight units|||
L03-G05B|Current|(1986-    )|Materials and components for LCDS|||
L03-G05B1|Current|(2005-    )|Novel liquid crystal compounds|||
L03-G05B2|Current|(2005-    )|Liquid crystal compositions|||
L03-G05B3|Current|(2005-    )|Dyes for liquid crystal compounds|||
L03-G05B4|Current|(2005-    )|Aligning agents and other additives for LC compositions|||
L03-G05B5|Current|(2005-    )|Substrates and spacers for LCDs|||
L03-G05B5A|Current|(2007-    )|Sealant materials involving resins used in display materials|||
L03-G05B6|Current|(2005-    )|Transistors for LCDs|||
L03-G05B7|Current|(2005-    )|Filters and polarisers|||
L03-G05B7A|Current|(2005-    )|Colour filters||See L03-G02 for colour filters not used in LCDs|
L03-G05B7B|Current|(2005-    )|Polarisers|||
L03-G05B8|Current|(2005-    )|Alignment layers|||
L03-G05B9|Current|(2005-    )|Conductive films and other components for LCDs|||
L03-G05C|Current|(1986-    )|Electrochromic display devices|||
L03-G05C1|Current|(2005-    )|Electrochromic materials|||
L03-G05C2|Current|(2005-    )|Other materials for electrochromic devices||Includes e.g. polymer or ceramic sealants or glass layers|
L03-G05D|Current|(2002-    )|Field emission displays (FED)|||
L03-G05F|Current|(2002-    )|Electroluminescent displays (EL) and devices|||
L03-G05F1|Current|(2005-    )|Electroluminescent materials|||
L03-G05F2|Current|(2005-    )|Other materials for EL devices||Includes e.g. polymer or ceramic sealants or glass layers|
L03-G05G|Current|(2005-    )|Electrophoretic displays and materials|||
L03-G05H|Current|(2010-    )|Magnetophoretic display|||
L03-G05I|Current|(2011-    )|Capacitive touch panel|||
L03-G05J|Current|(2011-    )|Electrowetting display|||
L03-G05K|Current|(2011-    )|LED display|||
L03-G06|Current|(2002-    )|Electromagnetic shielding|||
L03-G07|Current|(2002-    )|Heat sinks|||
L03-G09|Current|(2005-    )|Other electro(in)organic materials||For materials used in specific applications not catered for elsewhere, e.g. GeSbTe for solid state phase change memory, in which case also apply L04-E15. See U14-A03H and U12-B02.|
L03-G09A|Current|(2005-    )|Piezoelectric|||
L03-G09A1|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic||Covers e.g. lead zirconium titanates (PZT) etc.|
L03-G09A2|Current|(2005-    )|Organic and polymeric||Covers e.g. polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) etc.|
L03-G09B|Current|(2005-    )|Ferroelectric and ferroelastic|||
L03-G09C|Old|(2005-2009)|Pyroelectric||Includes thermoelectric material|
L03-G09C|Current|(2010-    )|Pyroelectric||From 2010 thermoelectric material has been transferred to L03-G09T.|
L03-G09D|Current|(2005-    )|Thermooptical|||
L03-G09E|Old|(2005-2005)|Other nonlinear optical materials||Includes other non-linear optical materials not covered above|
L03-G09E|Current|(2006-    )|Other optoelectronic material|v|Includes other non-linear optical materials not covered above. From 2006 this code has been expanded to included all other optoelectronic materials including nonlinear optical materials.|
L03-G09F|Current|(2005-    )|Electrorheological|||
L03-G09G|Current|(2007-    )|Fluorescent and luminescent materials for semiconductor manufacture||Used in e.g. LEDs, lasers|
L03-G09H|Current|(2010-    )|Electrostrictive|||
L03-G09I|Current|(2010-    )|Magnetostrictive|||
L03-G09J|Current|(2010-    )|Photoelectric|||
L03-G09L|Current|(2011-    )|Magnetoresistive elements|||
L03-G09M|Current|(2011-    )|Thermomagnetive material|||
L03-G09P|Current|(2010-    )|Photoresist||Excludes photoresist for PCB and semiconductor device manufacture. Includes resist for printer, LCD manufacture|
L03-G09R|Current|(2011-    )|Photochromic materials|||
L03-G09S|Current|(2012-    )|Spintronic materials|||
L03-G09T|Current|(2010-    )|Thermoelectric|||
L03-G09U|Current|(2012-    )|Radiation sensitive materials||For image recording|
L03-G09V|Current|(2012-    )|Other Fluorescent/luminescent materials||Includes fluorescent or luminescent materials used for devices other than semiconductor and discharge lamps/tubes. Also includes scintillator material compositions.|
L03-G09X|Current|(2014-    )|Ink jet recording ink||For ink jet recording methods.|
L03-G09Z|Current|(2012-    )|Zero expansion materials|||
L03-G10|Current|(2005-    )|Other electronic devices||For specific devices not catered for elsewhere where the materials aspect is important|
L03-G10A|Current|(2005-    )|Piezoelectric transducers||See also V06 codes for specific details. For MEMS see L03-G10M.|
L03-G10A1|Current|(2005-    )|Inkjet heads|||
L03-G10A2|Current|(2005-    )|Motors e.g. usm|||
L03-G10B|Current|(2005-    )|Thermal inkjet printing heads|||
L03-G10C|Current|(2005-    )|Thermal printing heads||e.g. as used by dye sublimation printers|
L03-G10D|Current|(2005-    )|Other thermooptical devices|||
L03-G10E|Current|(2005-    )|Image converters and intensifiers|||
L03-G10F|Current|(2011-    )|Electro-optical devices|||
L03-G10J|Current|(2011-    )|Electrowetting devices|||
L03-G10M|Current|(2011-    )|MEMS|||
L03-G10S|Current|(2011-    )|Scintillator|||
L03-G10T|Current|(2012-    )|Spintronic devices||Includes spintronic-optical and spintronic-magnetic devices. If the manufacturing process involves semiconductor techniques then also apply codes from L04 section.|
L03-H|Current||Applications [unclassified]|||
L03-H01|Current||Generation, conversion, distribution||Including MHD generation, triboelectric devices|
L03-H02|Current|(1994-    )|Basic electronic circuitry||Including lead frames for semiconductor networks and hybrid devices|
L03-H03|Current||Electric communications techniques [general]||Including speaker cones|
L03-H03A|Current|(1972-    )|Data storage units, computers|||
L03-H03B|Current|(1994-    )|Bio- and neuro-computers|||
L03-H04|Current||Electrical [general]|||
L03-H04A|Current||Electrical heating and lighting||Including resistive and other space heaters, storage heaters|
L03-H04B|Current|(1970-    )|Static/antistatic electricity|||
L03-H04C|Current||X-ray techniques||Including tube fluorescers, image intensifiers and electrodes|
L03-H04D|Current||Plasma techniques, particle accelerators||Including magnetrons|
L03-H04E|Current||Printed circuits and racks [general]|||
L03-H04E1|Current|(1972-    )|PCB substrate manufacture (plastics, resins, etc.)|||
L03-H04E2|Current|(1972-    )|Printed circuits and racks - patterning, including photoresists, application|||
L03-H04E3|Current|(1972-    )|Printed circuits and racks - metallising, plating, vapor deposition, forming metal sheet, etc.|||
L03-H04E4|Current|(1972-    )|Thick film circuits||Including conductive pastes and inks for thick film circuit manufacture|
L03-H04E5|Current|(1972-    )|Ceramic substrates for PCB||Includes glass and enamels substrates or coatings on metals or ceramics|
L03-H04E6|Current|(1986-    )|Soldering. Incl. Tinning of circuits, soldering components to circuits, apparatus etc. brazing|||
L03-H04E6A|Current|(2007-    )|Adhesives/adhesive joining for PCBs|||
L03-H04E7|Current|(1986-    )|Printed circuits and racks - microwelding|||
L03-H04E8|Current|(1986-    )|Encapsulation of PCB||Including plastics and glass encapsulation|
L03-H04E9|Current|(1986-    )|Other treatment of PCB|||
L03-H05|Current||Vehicles||Including sparking and resistive ignition plugs|
L03-J|Current||Other manufacture and treatment of electr(on)ic components and materials|||
L03-J01|Current|(2005-    )|Recycling of electrical and electronic materials and devices||Used in combination with relevant device codes|
L03-J02|Current|(2005-    )|Materials for device housings and packaging||Includes polymers e.g. for electrical device casings and for non-specific electrical uses and material used for packaging devices and apparatus for storage|
L03-J03|Current|(2011-    )|Flame retardant materials|||
L03-X|Current|(2011-    )|Testing of devices|||
L04|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductors [general]||For ceramic semiconductors see the appropriate ceramic composition and L03-A02 or L03-B01. See also L03-D+: codes prior to 198601. (This code will be used where no reference is made to which semiconductor is under consideration and where no other L04 code is appropriate)|
L04-A|Current|(1986-    )|Materials [general]||Including preparation of precursor materials (Materials codes will be used to identify material used in semiconductor processing and devices, where given (except for silicon which is the normal semiconductor material). These codes will also be used for preparation of the semiconductor material from impure precursors, (including silicon).)|
L04-A01|Old|(1986-2001)|Semiconductor materials - silicon||Includes semiconductor materials such as silicon.|
L04-A01|Current|(2002-    )|Group IV semiconductors||From 2002 L04-A01 has been re-defined as the general code for group IV semiconductors. More specific named examples of group IV semiconductors are coded from L04-A01A to L04-A01F. From 2002 silicon is coded in L04-A01A. |Prior to 2002 L04-A01 was assigned for silicon
L04-A01A|Current|(2002-    )|Silicon|||
L04-A01B|Current|(2002-    )|Silicon carbide|||
L04-A01C|Current|(2002-    )|Silicon-germanium|||
L04-A01D|Current|(2002-    )|Diamond|||
L04-A01E|Current|(2002-    )|Germanium|||
L04-A01F|Current|(2002-    )|Other group IV semiconductors|||
L04-A02|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor materials - AIII-BV compounds [general]|||
L04-A02A|Old|(1986-2001)|Semiconductor materials - gallium arsenide||Includes semiconductor materials such as gallium arsenide.|
L04-A02A|Current|(2002-    )|Binary AIII-BV compound||From 2002 gallium arsenide is coded in L04-A02A3A. From 2002 L04-A02A has been re-defined to cover binary AIII-BV compounds-general.|
L04-A02A1|Current|(2002-    )|Nitrides|||
L04-A02A1A|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium nitrides|||
L04-A02A1B|Current|(2002-    )|Indium nitrides|||
L04-A02A1C|Current|(2002-    )|Aluminium nitrides|||
L04-A02A2|Current|(2002-    )|Phosphides|||
L04-A02A2A|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium phosphides|||
L04-A02A2B|Current|(2002-    )|Indium phosphides|||
L04-A02A2C|Current|(2002-    )|Aluminium phosphides|||
L04-A02A3|Current|(2002-    )|Arsenides|||
L04-A02A3A|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium arsenides|||
L04-A02A3B|Current|(2002-    )|Indium arsenides|||
L04-A02A3C|Current|(2002-    )|Aluminium arsenides|||
L04-A02A4|Current|(2002-    )|Antimonides|||
L04-A02A4A|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium antimonides|||
L04-A02A4B|Current|(2002-    )|Indium antimonides|||
L04-A02A4C|Current|(2002-    )|Aluminium antimonides|||
L04-A02B|Old|(1986-2001)|Semiconductor materials - gallium phosphide||Includes semiconductor materials such as gallium phosphide.|
L04-A02B|Current|(2002-    )|Tertiary AIII-BV compound||From 2002 gallium phosphide is coded in L04-A02A2A. From 2002 L04-A02B has been re-defined to cover tertiary AIII-BV compound semiconductors.|
L04-A02B1|Current|(2002-    )|Nitrides|||
L04-A02B2|Current|(2002-    )|Phosphides|||
L04-A02B3|Current|(2002-    )|Arsenides|||
L04-A02B4|Current|(2002-    )|Antimonides|||
L04-A02C|Old|(1986-2001)|Semiconductor materials - indium antimonide, indium phosphide||Includes semiconductor materials such as indium antimonide and indium phosphide.|
L04-A02C|Current|(2002-    )|Quaternary AIII-BV compound||From 2002 indium antimonide and indium phosphide are coded in L04-A02A4B and L04-A02A2B respectively. From 2002 L04-A02C has been re-defined to cover quaternary AIII-BV compound semiconductors.|
L04-A02C1|Current|(2002-    )|Nitrides|||
L04-A02C2|Current|(2002-    )|Phosphides|||
L04-A02C3|Current|(2002-    )|Arsenides|||
L04-A02C4|Current|(2002-    )|Antimonides|||
L04-A02D|Old|(1986-2001)|Semiconductor materials - complex ternary and quaternary AIII-BV compounds||Includes semiconductor materials such as complex ternary and quaternary AIII-BV compounds.|
L04-A02D|Current|(2002-    )|Other AIII-BV compound||From 2002 complex ternary and quaternary AIII-BV compounds are coded in L04-A02B and L04-A02C respectively. From 2002 L04-A02D has been re-defined to cover other AIII-BV compound semiconductors.|
L04-A03|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor materials - AII-BVI cpds. [general]|||
L04-A03A|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor materials - mercury sulphide, cadmium sulphide, zinc sulphide|||
L04-A03B|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor materials - mercury selenide, cadmium selenide, zinc selenide|||
L04-A03C|Current|(2002-    )|Mercury tellurides, cadmium tellurides, zinc tellurides|||
L04-A03D|Current|(2010-    )|Zinc oxide|||
L04-A04|Current|(1986-    )|Organic semiconductor materials|||
L04-A04A|Current|(2002-    )|Dianhydride semiconductor|||
L04-A04B|Current|(2002-    )|Cyanine semiconductor materials|||
L04-A04C|Current|(2002-    )|Thiophene semiconductors|||
L04-A04D|Current|(2002-    )|Other organic semiconductor materials|||
L04-A05|Current|(2010-    )|Semiconductor nanomaterials||Includes Semiconductor quantum dots.|
L04-A06|Current|(2011-    )|Chalcopyrites|||
L04-A07|Current|(2011-    )|Copper indium sulphide|||
L04-A08|Current|(2012-    )|Semiconductor precursor material compositions/preparation|||
L04-A99|Current|(2011-    )|Other inorganic semiconductor materials|||
L04-B|Current|(1986-    )|Manufacture of semiconductor monocrystals [general]|||
L04-B01|Current|(1986-    )|Single crystal growth by czochralski, bridgman and other methods|||
L04-B01A|Current|(2002-    )|Methods|||
L04-B01B|Current|(2002-    )|Seed crystals|||
L04-B01C|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus|||
L04-B02|Current|(1986-    )|Manufacture of semiconductor monocrystals by zone refining|||
L04-B02A|Current|(2002-    )|Zone refining|||
L04-B02B|Current|(2002-    )|Gettering|||
L04-B03|Current|(1986-    )|Manufacture of semiconductor monocrystals by doping|||
L04-B04|Current|(1986-    )|Wafer production - slicing of crystals, polishing etc.|||
L04-B04A|Current|(2002-    )|Chemical-mechanical polishing||Includes polishing pad or polishing apparatus.|
L04-B04B|Current|(2002-    )|Slicing and dicing|||
L04-C|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing [general]|||
L04-C01|Current|(1986-    )|Epitaxial growth of semiconductor layers|||
L04-C01A|Current|(1986-    )|Epitaxial growth of semiconductor layers by vapour deposition|||
L04-C01B|Current|(1986-    )|Epitaxial growth of semiconductor layers by chemical vapour deposition||Including plasma CVD|
L04-C01C|Current|(1986-    )|Liquid epitaxial growth|||
L04-C01D|Current|(2002-    )|Sputtering of semiconductor layers|||
L04-C02|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - doped layers and regions|||
L04-C02A|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - forming layers with simultaneous doping|||
L04-C02B|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - doping by ion injection|||
L04-C02C|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - doping by gaseous, liquid or solid contact|||
L04-C02D|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - doping by diffusion|||
L04-C02E|Current|(2012-    )|Dopant materials|||
L04-C03|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - amorphous layers|||
L04-C04|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - polycrystalline layers|||
L04-C05|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - masking and resist materials|||
L04-C05A|Current|(2011-    )|Semiconductor processing - antireflective coating compositions|||
L04-C06|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - patterning techniques [general]||Including sequences of masking and etching steps|
L04-C06A|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - mask design and manufacture|||
L04-C06A1|Current|(2013-    )|Pellicle design/manufacturing|||
L04-C06B|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - resists|||
L04-C06B1|Current|(2002-    )|Patterning of resists|||
L04-C06B2|Current|(2002-    )|Stripping of resists||Includes stripping compositions|
L04-C06C|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - hole manufacture|||
L04-C06D|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - aligning masks and layers|||
L04-C07|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - etching processes [general]||Includes etch stop layers|
L04-C07A|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - ion beam etching|||
L04-C07B|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - vapour phase etching, dry etching|||
L04-C07C|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - liquid phase etching, etchants|||
L04-C07C1|Current|(2002-    )|Chemical liquid phase etching|||
L04-C07C2|Current|(2002-    )|Electrochemical liquid phase etching|||
L04-C07D|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - plasma etching|||
L04-C07E|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - groove formation, dicing|||
L04-C07F|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical etching|||
L04-C07G|Current|(2011-    )|Photoetching|||
L04-C08|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - combinations of L04-C01 - L04-C07|||
L04-C09|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - washing, rinsing and drying processes||To include cleaning|
L04-C09A|Current|(2005-    )|Washing and cleaning compositions|||
L04-C09B|Current|(2005-    )|Methods|||
L04-C09C|Current|(2005-    )|Apparatus|||
L04-C10|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - conductive layers [general]||Including films|
L04-C10A|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - conductive tracks, circuits||Includes word and bit lines|
L04-C10A1|Current|(2007-    )|Electrical fuses||Used in CMOS compatible processes. For chip ID, serial number, feature selection, memory redundancy, One Time Programmable (OTP).|
L04-C10B|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - polycrystalline silicon layers|||
L04-C10C|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - aluminium alloys conductive layers|||
L04-C10D|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - copper alloys conductive layers|||
L04-C10E|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - precious metals (alloys) conductive layers|||
L04-C10F|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - other compositions conductive layers|||
L04-C10G|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - buried layers|||
L04-C10H|Current|(1986-    )|Layer conversion especially to semiconductor or insulator|||
L04-C10J|Current|(2002-    )|Tungsten|||
L04-C10K|Current|(2002-    )|Titanium|||
L04-C10L|Current|(2011-    )|Coating compositions|||
L04-C10L1|Current|(2011-    )|PVD, CVD and sputtering methods|||
L04-C10L2|Current|(2011-    )|Other coating methods|||
L04-C11A|Old|(1986-2012)|Semiconductor processing - ohmic contacts|||
L04-C11A|Current|(2013-    )|Semiconductor processing - Ohmic contacts/electrodes|||
L04-C11B|Old|(1986-2012)|Semiconductor processing - schottky contacts|||
L04-C11B|Current|(2013-    )|Semiconductor processing - Schottky contacts/electrodes|||
L04-C11C|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - electrodes|||
L04-C11C1|Current|(2002-    )|Gate electrodes||For gate insulating layers see L04-C12J.|
L04-C11C2|Current|(2002-    )|Capacitor electrodes|||
L04-C11C3|Current|(2012-    )|Source/drain|||
L04-C11D|Current|(1986-    )|Terminals||Includes terminal posts.|
L04-C12|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - insulating and passivating layers [general]|||
L04-C12A|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - oxide insulating and passivating layers|||
L04-C12B|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - nitride insulating and passivating layers|||
L04-C12C|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - isolating mesas, islands etc.|||
L04-C12C1|Current|(2006-    )|Semiconductor on insulator (SOI)|||
L04-C12C2|Current|(2006-    )|Trench isolation (e.g. STI)|||
L04-C12C3|Current|(2006-    )|LOCOS|||
L04-C12D|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - glass insulating and passivating layers|||
L04-C12E|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - plastics insulating and passivating layers|||
L04-C12F|Current|(1986-    )|Layer conversion, especially to semiconductor or conductor|||
L04-C12G|Current|(2006-    )|Resistors|||
L04-C12H|Current|(2011-    )|Coating methods|||
L04-C12H1|Current|(2011-    )|PVD, CVD and sputtering methods|||
L04-C12H2|Current|(2011-    )|Other coating methods|||
L04-C12I|Current|(2012-    )|Buried Layers|||
L04-C12J|Current|(2012-    )|Gate Insulating layers|||
L04-C12K|Current|(2013-    )|Other inorganic insulating layers||Includes formation of carbide-type insulating layers.|
L04-C13|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - multilayer systems||i.e. multiple conductive layers with intermediate insulating layers|
L04-C13A|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - multilayer systems forming through holes|||
L04-C13B|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - multilayer systems forming through hole connections|||
L04-C14|Current|(1986-    )|Combinations of insulating and conductive film or layer formation|||
L04-C14A|Current|(1994-    )|Capacitive elements||i.e. for ROMs etc.|
L04-C15|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - many stage process sequences|||
L04-C16|Current|(1986-    )|Heat treatment of semiconductors|||
L04-C16A|Current|(2002-    )|Annealing|||
L04-C16B|Current|(2005-    )|Laser annealing|||
L04-C17|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - bonding processes|||
L04-C17A|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - soldering techniques||Including desoldering|
L04-C17B|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - thermocompression bonding|||
L04-C17C|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - welding - microwelding|||
L04-C17D|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - temporary bonding using resins, adhesives etc.|||
L04-C17D1|Current|(2002-    )|Permanent bonding|||
L04-C17D2|Current|(2002-    )|Temporary bonding (tab)|||
L04-C18|Current|(1986-    )|Testing of semiconductors and devices. Process monitoring and control|||
L04-C18A|Current|(2005-    )|Process monitoring and control||See also relevant L04-C and U11-C process codes and U11-F codes|
L04-C18B|Current|(2005-    )|Testing methods/ apparatus||Includes measuring during processing and defect repair. See also U11-F codes.|
L04-C19|Current|(1986-    )|Marking of defective and other devices|||
L04-C20|Current|(1986-    )|Encapsulation of semi-conductor device [general]|||
L04-C20A|Current|(1986-    )|Encapsulation of semi-conductor device using resin|||
L04-C20B|Current|(1986-    )|Encapsulation of semi-conductor device using glass or other compositions|||
L04-C20C|Current|(1986-    )|Appts. for encapsulation of semi-conductor device - moulds, handling equipment|||
L04-C20D|Current|(1986-    )|Encapsulating IC chips with lead frames, assemblies|||
L04-C21|Current|(1986-    )|Sealing devices into housings - using prefabricated resin or ceramic parts|||
L04-C22|Current|(1986-    )|Substrate manufacture||Include novel substrates and treatment of substrates.|
L04-C23|Current|(1986-    )|Lead frame manufacture||Include novel lead frames, lead frame manufacture and treatment. For attaching lead frames to devices see L04-C24.|
L04-C24|Current|(1986-    )|Attaching devices to lead frames|||
L04-C24A|Current|(1994-    )|Attaching devices using tab|||
L04-C25|Current|(1986-    )|Heat sinks|||
L04-C26|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor processing - other treatment processes not specified above||Includes spacers|
L04-C27|Current|(2002-    )|Planarising|||
L04-C28|Current|(2011-    )|Phase change materials and layers|||
L04-C29|Current|(2012-    )|Ashing|||
L04-C30|Current|(2012-    )|Purification/gettering||For single crystal/ingot purification and gettering, see L04-B02 codes.|
L04-D|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for semiconductor processing [general]|||
L04-D01|Current|(1986-    )|Vapour deposition apparatus for semiconductor processing|||
L04-D02|Current|(1986-    )|Cathode sputtering apparatus for semiconductor processing|||
L04-D03|Current|(1986-    )|Liquid phase deposition apparatus for semiconductor processing|||
L04-D04|Current|(1986-    )|Ion or plasma bombardment apparatus for semiconductor processing|||
L04-D04A|Current|(2007-    )|Plasma etching apparatus|||
L04-D04B|Current|(2007-    )|Plasma bombardment apparatus for layer deposition|||
L04-D05|Current|(1986-    )|Furnaces for heat treatment for semiconductor processing|||
L04-D06|Current|(1986-    )|Diffusion apparatus for semiconductor processing|||
L04-D07|Current|(1986-    )|Soldering apparatus for semiconductor processing|||
L04-D08|Current|(1986-    )|Resist coating apparatus for semiconductor processing|||
L04-D09|Current|(1986-    )|Furnace furniture for semiconductor processing||i.e. boats, crucibles, wafer supports|
L04-D10|Current|(1986-    )|Ancillary equipment for semiconductor processing|||
L04-D11|Current|(2010-    )|Other apparatus||Includes cleaning, testing of manufacturing apparatus. Can be used with other L04-D codes as appriorate.|
L04-E|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor devices|||
L04-E01|Current|(1986-    )|Transistors [general]|||
L04-E01A|Current|(1986-    )|Field effect transistors (FET)||Includes High electron mobilty transistor (HEMT) and Fin transistor.|
L04-E01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Junction field effect transistors (JFET)|||
L04-E01B|Current|(1986-    )|Metal oxide semiconductor transistors (most)|||
L04-E01B1|Current|(1986-    )|Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET)|||
L04-E01C|Current|(1986-    )|Metal insulator semi-conductor transistors (MIST, MISFET)|||
L04-E01D|Current|(2002-    )|Bipolar transistors||Includes N-P-N and P-N-P|
L04-E01E|Current|(2002-    )|Thin film transistors (TFT)||Includes TFT switching elements for active matrix LCD devices|
L04-E01F|Current|(2005-    )|Chemfet|||
L04-E01G|Current|(2005-    )|Phototransistors|||
L04-E01H|Current|(2005-    )|Lab-on-chip||See also J04-B02, S03-H01 and U13-D04B codes|
L04-E02|Current|(1986-    )|Diodes, rectifiers|||
L04-E02A|Current|(2005-    )|Photodiodes|||
L04-E03|Current|(1986-    )|Light emitting devices||LED except where diode is specifically mentioned|
L04-E03A|Current|(1986-    )|Light-emitting diodes||Includes OLED.|
L04-E03B|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor lasers|||
L04-E04|Current|(1986-    )|Thyristors|||
L04-E05|Current|(1986-    )|Light receiving and detecting devices|||
L04-E05A|Current|(1986-    )|Image sensors|||
L04-E05B|Current|(1986-    )|Photoconductors|||
L04-E05C|Current|(1986-    )|Infrared detectors|||
L04-E05D|Current|(1986-    )|Photovoltaic devices, photoelectric cells||See L03-E05 for solar cells|
L04-E05E|Current|(1986-    )|Electrophotography|||
L04-E05F|Current|(1986-    )|Charge coupled devices (CCD)|||
L04-E05G|Current|(2005-    )|Photoresistors|||
L04-E05H|Current|(2013-    )|UV detectors|||
L04-E06|Current|(1986-    )|Integrated injection logic (IIL or I2L) devices|||
L04-E07|Current|(1986-    )|Hall effect devices|||
L04-E08|Current|(1986-    )|Semiconductor switches|||
L04-E09|Current|(1986-    )|Superconductive devices (josephson junction elements)|||
L04-E10|Current|(1994-    )|Electromechanical sensors|||
L04-E11|Current|(2012-    )|Memristor|||
L04-E15|Current|(2005-    )|Semiconductor memories|||
L04-F|Current|(1986-    )|Assemblies of semiconductor devices together and/or with other devices [general]|||
L04-F01|Current|(1986-    )|Assembling devices on a substrate|||
L04-F02|Current|(1986-    )|Soldering devices together, on a substrate, or in a circuit|||
L04-F03|Current|(1986-    )|Integrated circuit systems|||
L04-F04|Current|(1986-    )|Integrated optical systems|||
L04-F05|Current|(1986-    )|Sealing circuits into packages or housings||Including single in-line and dual in-line systems|
L04-F06|Current|(1986-    )|Hybrid circuits|||
L04-X|Current|(1986-    )|Anciliary semiconductor manufacturing process and apparatus|||
L04-X01|Current|(2005-    )|Ultrapure water production for semiconductor processes||see also J01 codes for specific treatment methods and apparatus|
L04-X02|Current|(2005-    )|Processing of waste water from semiconductor manufacturing processes||see also J01 codes for specific treatment methods and apparatus|
L04-X03|Current|(2005-    )|Processing of waste gases from semiconductor manufacturing processes||see also J01 codes for specific treatment methods and apparatus|
L04-X04|Current|(2006-    )|Clean room apparatus and processes||see also J01 codes for specific treatment methods and apparatus|
L04-X05|Current|(2011-    )|Semiconductor apparatus cleaning methods and compositions|||
L04-X06|Old|(2011-2012)|Recycling of semiconductor devices||Includes recycling of semiconductor wafer and components.|
L04-X06|Current|(2013-    )|Recycling of semiconductor devices||Includes recycling of semiconductor wafer, materials and components. Also includes recycling of waste produced during semiconductor processing. For processing waste water, see L04-X02. For processing waste gases, see L04-X03.|
M11|Current||Electroplating, electrolytic treatment of or with metals||M11 has priority over M12 to 14: Thus M11-F covers boriding, chromating, etc. where these processes are electro-chemical in nature.|
M11-A|Current||Electrolytic deposition of metals, alloys [general]|||
M11-A01|Current||Electrolytic deposition of chromium|||
M11-A02|Current||Electrolytic deposition of nickel or cobalt|||
M11-A03|Current||Electrolytic deposition of copper|||
M11-A04|Current||Electrolytic deposition of zinc|||
M11-A05|Current||Electrolytic deposition of noble metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Os, Ir, Pt, Au)|||
M11-A06|Current||Electrolytic deposition of iron|||
M11-A06A|Retired|(1972-2011)|Electrolytic deposition of iron*||*This code is now redundant as all patents in M11-A06A have been retrospectively re-coded primarily in M11-A06 or M11-A09.|
M11-A07|Current|(2002-    )|Tin|||
M11-A09|Current|(2002-    )|Other specified metals|||
M11-B|Current||Electroplating, electrolytic treatment of or with metals - special processes, chemical additives|||
M11-B01|Current||Brighteners and levelling agents|||
M11-B02|Current||Multilayer deposition|||
M11-B03|Current||Electroplating, electrolytic treatment of or with metals - thermal after-treatment|||
M11-B04|Current||Electroplating tubes, wire, etc.|||
M11-B05|Old|(1970-2012)|Plating of difficult surfaces||e.g. non-conductors and printed circuits|
M11-B05|Current|(2013-    )|Plating of difficult surfaces||e.g. non-conductors|
M11-B05A|Old|(2006-2012)|For electrical components|||
M11-B05A|Current|(2013-    )|For electrical components||e.g. printed circuits|
M11-B06|Current||Electroplating, electrolytic treatment of or with metals - disposal/recovery used electrolytes/rinses||Includes apparatus|
M11-B07|Current||Electroplating, electrolytic treatment of or with metals - control systems||Includes servicing electrolytic cells|
M11-B08|Current||Electroplating, electrolytic treatment of or with metals - laboratory methods|||
M11-B09|Current|(1972-    )|Pretreatment of metallic substrates|||
M11-B10|Current|(2002-    )|Electrolytic compositions|||
M11-B11|Current|(2010-    )|Electrolytic coating containing embedded materials||Includes particulates, whiskers, composite materials|
M11-C|Current||Apparatus for electroplating [general]|||
M11-C01|Current|(2002-    )|Electrical aspects||Includes electrodes, power supplies, etc.|
M11-C02|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical aspects||Includes baths, lifting mechanisms|
M11-D|Current||Electroforming [general]|||
M11-E|Current||Anodising of metals [general]|||
M11-E01|Current||Anodising of metals for decorative, anticorrosive purposes|||
M11-E02|Current||Anodising of metals for electrical purposes||e.g. capacitor foil.|
M11-F|Current||Electrochemical forming non-metallic layers on metals [general]||Includes boriding, chromating, etc.|
M11-G|Current||Coating metals by electrophoresis [general]|||
M11-G01|Current||Coating metals by electrophoresis - application of paint|||
M11-H|Current|(1986-    )|Electrolytic cleaning, etching and polishing [general]|||
M11-H01|Current||Electrolytic cleaning|||
M11-H02|Current||Electrolytic polishing||Includes electrolytic etching.|
M11-H03|Retired|(    -2001)|Electrochemical machinery, localised metal removal*||Scope now covered in M23-D06.|
M11-H04|Retired|(1986-2001)|Electrolytic etching*||Scope now covered in M11-H02.|
M11-H05|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for electrolytic cleaning, etching, polishing|||
M11-J|Current||Electroplating, electrolytic treatment of or with metals - control/testing [general]|||
M11-J01|Current|(2002-    )|Composition control|||
M11-J02|Current|(2002-    )|Control systems|||
M11-J03|Current|(2002-    )|Testing|||
M12|Current||Chemical cleaning, including degreasing|||
M12-A|Current||Cleaning, pickling metal [general]|||
M12-A01|Current||Cleaning solutions/salt mixtures|||
M12-A02|Current||Inhibitors for cleaning solutions/salts|||
M12-A03|Current||Disposal/regeneration of used solution/salt mixtures|||
M12-A04|Current||Apparatus for cleaning, pickling metal|||
M12-A05|Current|(1986-    )|Processes for cleaning, pickling metal|||
M12-B|Current||Other cleaning methods|||
M12-B01|Current||Degreasing (apparatus)||Includes apparatus.|
M13|Current||Non-electrolytic coating|||
M13-A|Current||Coating from a liquid metal bath [general]|||
M13-A01|Current|(2002-    )|Hot dipping|||
M13-A02|Current|(2002-    )|Galvanising|||
M13-B|Current||Coating from solution or suspension of metal compounds [general]||Includes electroless plating|
M13-C|Current||Metal spraying [general]|||
M13-C01|Current|(2002-    )|Methods||Including plasma spraying|
M13-C02|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus||Including torches, nozzles, etc.|
M13-D|Current|(1972-    )|Cementation by diffusion process [general]|||
M13-D01|Current||Cementation by diffusion process using solids|||
M13-D01A|Current|(1986-    )|Cementation by diffusion process using solids - carburising/nitriding|||
M13-D01B|Current|(1986-    )|Cementation by diffusion process using solids - others||Including carbonitriding, boronising, chromising, aluminising|
M13-D02|Current||Cementation by diffusion process using liquids|||
M13-D02A|Current|(1986-    )|Cementation by diffusion process using liquids - carburising/nitriding|||
M13-D02B|Current|(1986-    )|Cementation by diffusion process using liquids - others|||
M13-D03|Current||Cementation by diffusion process using gases|||
M13-D03A|Current|(1986-    )|Cementation by diffusion process using gases - carburising/nitriding|||
M13-D03B|Current|(1986-    )|Cementation by diffusion process using gases - others||Including oxidising, chromising|
M13-D04|Current|(1986-    )|Cementation by diffusion process using gases - post-treatment of coatings|||
M13-E|Current||Gas plating by decomposition or reduction [general]|||
M13-E01|Current||Gas plating by decomposition or reduction to form metallic coatings|||
M13-E02|Current||Gas plating by decomposition or reduction to form inorganic coatings|||
M13-E03|Current||Gas plating by decomposition or reduction to form organic coatings|||
M13-E04|Current|(1986-    )|Gas plating by decomposition or reduction - pretreatment of substrates|||
M13-E05|Current|(1986-    )|Gas plating by decomposition or reduction - process characterised by glow or arc discharge|||
M13-E06|Current|(1986-    )|Gas plating by decomposition or reduction - process characterised by thermal decomposition or reduction of gases on heated surfaces|||
M13-E07|Current|(1986-    )|Gas plating by decomposition or reduction - apparatus|||
M13-E08|Current|(1986-    )|Gas plating by decomposition or reduction - post treatment of coatings|||
M13-F|Current||Forming coatings by condensation from a vapour [general]|||
M13-F01|Current|(1986-    )|Forming coatings by condensation from a vapour - pretreatment of substrates|||
M13-F02|Current|(1986-    )|Coating on metallic substrates by condensation from a vapour|||
M13-F03|Current|(1986-    )|Coating on other substrates (exc. metallic) by condensation from a vapour||Including Si substrates|
M13-F03A|Current|(2002-    )|Coating on semiconductors|||
M13-F03B|Current|(2002-    )|Coating on glass and ceramics|||
M13-F03C|Current|(2002-    )|Coating on organic substrates||Including polymers|
M13-F04|Current|(1986-    )|Post treatment of coatings formed by condensation from a vapour|||
M13-F05|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus||Include substrate holders|
M13-G|Current||Cathodic sputtering [general]|||
M13-G01|Current|(1986-    )|Cathodic sputtering pre-treatment|||
M13-G02|Current|(1986-    )|Cathodic sputtering apparatus||Including target materials|
M13-G02A|Current|(2002-    )|Targets||Including materials and manufacture|
M13-G02B|Current|(2007-    )|Magnetrons (in sputtering apparatus)|||
M13-G03|Current|(2002-    )|Sputtering on metallic surfaces|||
M13-G04|Current|(2002-    )|Sputtering on non-metallic surfaces|||
M13-G05|Current|(2013-    )|Post treatment of coatings|||
M13-H|Current||Other coating methods|||
M13-H01|Current|(1972-    )|Other coating methods - cladding||Including weld deposition|
M13-H02|Current|(1972-    )|Other coating methods - sintering on|||
M13-H03|Current|(1972-    )|Other coating methods - using adhesives|||
M13-H04|Current|(1972-    )|Ceramic coatings [general]|||
M13-H04A|Current|(2006-    )|Powder coatings|||
M13-H05|Current|(1972-    )|Plastics coating [general]|||
M13-H05A|Current|(2006-    )|Powder coatings|||
M13-H06|Current|(1972-    )|Electrostatic coating [general]|||
M13-J|Current|(1972-    )|Enamelling and vitreous coating [general and unclassified]|||
M13-J01|Current||Enamelling and vitreous coating - pre-treatment of surface|||
M13-J02|Current||Enamelling/coating|||
M13-J03|Current||Enamelling and vitreous coating - after treatment||Including de-enamelling|
M13-K|Current||Oil-free lubricant and friction coatings [general]|||
M13-K01|Current|(2002-    )|Lubricant coatings||Including Teflon (RTM) coatings|
M13-K02|Current|(2002-    )|Friction||Including coatings for bearings|
M13-L|Current|(1972-    )|Control/testing [general]|||
M13-M|Current|(2002-    )|General|||
M13-M01|Current|(2002-    )|Thermal barrier coating|||
M13-M02|Current|(2006-    )|Wear resistant||Includes abrasion resistant coating.|
M13-M03|Current|(2012-    )|Oxidation resistant|||
M14|Current||Other chemical metal surface treatment|||
M14-A|Current||Etching of metal surface [general]|||
M14-A01|Current|(1986-    )|Etching of metal surface - mechanical processes|||
M14-A02|Current|(1986-    )|Etching of metal surface - chemical processes|||
M14-A03|Current|(1986-    )|Etching media for metal surface||Including aqueous and gaseous compositions|
M14-A04|Current|(1994-    )|Etching of metal surface - laser or ion beam processes|||
M14-B|Current||Brightening [general]|||
M14-C|Current||Coloured layers [general]||Scope now covered by M11-E01|
M14-D|Current||Non-metallic layers by surface reaction [general]|||
M14-D01|Current||Oxide layers by surface reaction|||
M14-D02|Current||Phosphate layers by surface reaction|||
M14-D03|Current|(1972-    )|Chromate layers by surface reaction|||
M14-E|Current||Anodic protection [general]|||
M14-F|Current||Corrosion inhibitors [general]|||
M14-F01|Current||Corrosion inhibitors - organic|||
M14-F02|Current||Corrosion inhibitors - inorganic|||
M14-G|Current||Cathodic protection [general]|||
M14-G01|Current|(2002-    )|Impressed EMF|||
M14-G02|Current|(2002-    )|Passive systems||includes sacrificial anodes|
M14-H|Current||Multistage chemical/physical processes [general]|||
M14-J|Current|(1972-    )|Corrosion testing, control, etc. [general]|||
M14-K|Current|(1972-    )|Corrosion protection [general]||Includes plastic wrapping|
M21|Current||Mechanical working of metal (without metal removal)|||
M21-A|Current||Rolling metal stock [general]|||
M21-A01|Current||Rolling mills and methods [general and unclassified]|||
M21-A01A|Current|(2002-    )|Hot rolling|||
M21-A01B|Current|(2002-    )|Cold rolling|||
M21-A02|Current||Rolling mill stands, components||Including gears, bearings, etc.|
M21-A02A|Current|(1986-    )|Rolling mill stands, components - rolls||Including production of composite rolls, treatments such as grinding, polishing, heat, blooming|
M21-A02A1|Current|(2011-    )|Cleaning rolls|||
M21-A03|Current||Tube and pipe mills|||
M21-A03A|Current|(1986-    )|Strip, bar and wire (rod) mills|||
M21-A03B|Current|(1986-    )|Sheet, band and plate mills|||
M21-A04|Current||Feeding devices for mills|||
M21-A05|Current||Coilers, take-offs and cooling beds|||
M21-A05A|Current|(2002-    )|Descaling|||
M21-A06|Current||Rolling lubricants|||
M21-A07|Current|(1986-    )|Control mechanisms and processes||Including speed, tension, width, thickness, etc.|
M21-B|Current||Production of metal sheet, wire rod, tube or profile other than by rolling [general]|||
M21-B01|Current||Metal drawing|||
M21-B01A|Current|(1986-    )|Metal drawing processes|||
M21-B01B|Current|(1986-    )|Metal drawing equipment||Including dies, holders, mandrels, tools, etc.|
M21-B02|Current||Metal extrusion|||
M21-B02A|Current|(1986-    )|Metal extrusion processes|||
M21-B02B|Current|(1986-    )|Metal extrusion - auxiliary processes||Including feeding and take off, heating of tools and containers, etc.|
M21-B02C|Current|(1986-    )|Metal extrusion equipment|||
M21-B02D|Current|(1986-    )|Metal extrusion control devices, regulating devices etc.|||
M21-B03|Current||Metal working lubricants|||
M21-B04|Current|(1972-    )|Tube bending, expanding etc.|||
M21-C|Current||Production of seamed, finned or ribbed tube [general]|||
M21-D|Current||High energy rate forming [general]||Includes explosive forming|
M21-E|Current||Working sheet metal [general]|||
M21-E01|Current||Bending, corrugating, flanging, straightening|||
M21-E02|Current||Punching, stamping and pressing|||
M21-E03|Current||Deep drawing, spinning, stretch forming|||
M21-E04|Current|(1972-    )|Making sheet metal structures|||
M21-F|Current||Working wire [general]|||
M21-G|Current||Production of pins, needles, nails, fasteners [general]|||
M21-H|Current||Making specific rolled products [general]|||
M21-H01|Current|(2002-    )|Making sheet metal structures||Of specified cross-section e.g. H-beam, I-beam|
M21-J|Current||Forging, hammering, pressing, riveting [general]|||
M21-J01|Current|(1986-    )|Forging, hammering, pressing, riveting - processes|||
M21-J02|Current|(1986-    )|Forging, hammering, pressing, riveting - equipment||Including hammers, forging presses|
M21-J03|Current|(1986-    )|Forging, hammering, pressing, riveting - control devices|||
M21-K|Current||Making specific forged or pressed products [general]|||
M21-L|Current||Chain making [general]|||
M21-M|Current||Control, testing [general]||See M21-A01 for specific rolling method|
M21-N|Current|(1972-    )|Ancillary equipment [general and unclassified]|||
M21-N01|Current|(1972-    )|Feed and take-off equipment|||
M21-N02|Current|(1972-    )|Manipulators|||
M21-N03|Current|(1972-    )|Safety devices|||
M21-N04|Current|(1972-    )|Furnaces, cooling beds|||
M21-N05|Current|(2002-    )|Cutting||Including methods|
M22|Current||Casting, powder metallurgy|||
M22-A|Current||Foundry moulding [general]|||
M22-A01|Current||Mould or core composition|||
M22-A02|Current||Foundry moulding - inorganic binders|||
M22-A03|Current||Foundry moulding - organic binders|||
M22-A04|Current||Foundry moulding - surface coating mould release compositions|||
M22-B|Current||Mould material handling/dressing [general]|||
M22-B01|Current||Mould material - mixing, grinding, kneading|||
M22-B02|Current||Mould material - sieving, separating, reclaiming|||
M22-B03|Current||Mould material - cooling or drying|||
M22-C|Current||Patterns [general]|||
M22-C01|Current||Lost patterns|||
M22-C02|Current||Plates and core boxes|||
M22-D|Current||Mould/core design/production [general]|||
M22-E|Current||Machines for mould/core making [general]||Used in place of M22-F|
M22-F|Current||Moulding machines [general]||See also M22-E|
M22-G|Current||Metal casting [general]|||
M22-G01|Current||Casting pigs for remelting, etc.|||
M22-G02|Current||Casting ingots for subsequent rolling, forging|||
M22-G02A|Current||Ingot casting methods|||
M22-G02B|Current||Ingot moulds, hot tops and linings|||
M22-G03|Current||Casting machines and processes|||
M22-G03A|Current||Continuous casting machines and processes|||
M22-G03A1|Current|(1977-    )|Moulds for continuous casting|||
M22-G03A1A|Current|(2002-    )|Roll|||
M22-G03A1B|Current|(2002-    )|Endless belt|||
M22-G03A2|Current|(1977-    )|Withdrawal equipment for continuous casting|||
M22-G03A3|Current|(1977-    )|Cooling for continuous casting|||
M22-G03A4|Current|(2002-    )|Tundish|||
M22-G03B|Current||Centrifugal casting machines and processes|||
M22-G03C|Current||Chill casting machines and processes|||
M22-G03C1|Current|(1986-    )|Chill casting using moulds or cores with high thermal conduct|||
M22-G03D|Current||Die casting machines and processes|||
M22-G03D1|Current|(2002-    )|Methods|||
M22-G03D2|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus|||
M22-G03E|Current||Vacuum casting machines and processes|||
M22-G03F|Current||Other casting methods|||
M22-G03G|Current||Ladles, casting furnaces and equipment|||
M22-G03G1|Current|(1977-    )|Casting equipment - nozzles, stoppers|||
M22-G03G2|Current|(1977-    )|Casting equipment - linings||Includes repair|
M22-G03G2A|Current|(2002-    )|Sacrificial|||
M22-G03G2B|Current|(2002-    )|Permanent|||
M22-G03G3|Current|(1986-    )|Casting equipment - dies, moulds etc. (other than for foundry casting)|||
M22-G03G4|Current|(1986-    )|Metal treatment in mould while molten or ductile by shaking, vibrating, using magnetic fields etc.|||
M22-G03G5|Current|(2002-    )|Mould furniture||Includes dams, weirs, etc.|
M22-G03G6|Current|(2002-    )|Filters|||
M22-G03G7|Current|(2011-    )|Mould cleaning apparatus and process|||
M22-G03G8|Current|(2011-    )|Apparatus for handling moulds|||
M22-G03H|Current||Fettling and post-treatment of castings||See M24-D02 and M29-C for thermal treatment|
M22-G03J|Current|(1977-    )|Control/testing of casting|||
M22-G03K|Current|(1977-    )|Making specific cast products|||
M22-G03K1|Current|(2002-    )|Turbine components|||
M22-G03K1A|Current|(2002-    )|Aerospace|||
M22-G03K1B|Current|(2002-    )|Power generation|||
M22-G03K2|Current|(2002-    )|Internal combustion engine||Includes blocks, cylinder heads and bores|
M22-G03L|Current|(2002-    )|Directional solidification|||
M22-G03L1|Current|(2002-    )|Single crystals|||
M22-G03M|Current|(2002-    )|Rapid solidification processes (RSP's)|||
M22-G03M1|Current|(2002-    )|Metallic glasses|||
M22-G03N|Current|(2002-    )|Investment casting|||
M22-H|Current||Powder metallurgy [general]|||
M22-H01|Current||Metal/alloy powders, granulates, fibres, production||Includes production of suspensions when details of the metal powder production are given.|
M22-H02|Current||Powder metallurgy - powder treatment prior to use|||
M22-H03|Current||Sintered articles, coating manufacture|||
M22-H03A|Current||Compacting|||
M22-H03B|Current||Sintering|||
M22-H03C|Current||Compacting and sintering|||
M22-H03D|Current||Fibre reinforcement|||
M22-H03E|Current||Post treatment/impregnation|||
M22-H03F|Current||Composite layers, materials|||
M22-H03F1|Current|(2002-    )|Metal matrix composites (MMC's)|||
M22-H03F2|Current|(2002-    )|Ceramic matrix composites (CMC's)|||
M22-H03G|Current|(1972-    )|Powder metal products|||
M23|Current||Soldering, welding|||
M23-A|Current||Soldering, brazing [general]|||
M23-A01|Current||Soldering, brazing - metal compositions|||
M23-A02|Current||Soldering, brazing - flux|||
M23-A03|Current||Soldering, brazing - apparatus|||
M23-A04|Current|(1986-    )|Soldering, brazing - methods|||
M23-A06|Current|(2011-    )|Testing, control operations and equipment|||
M23-B|Current||Flame welding [general]|||
M23-B01|Current||Flame welding - torches, burners, gas supply|||
M23-B02|Current||Flame welding - machines and methods|||
M23-C|Current||Flame cutting and scarfing [general]|||
M23-D|Current||Electric welding and cutting [general]|||
M23-D01|Current||Arc welding/cutting, plasma arc|||
M23-D01A|Current|(1972-    )|Arc welding/cutting, plasma arc - methods [general]|||
M23-D01A1|Current|(1986-    )|Seam welding|||
M23-D01A2|Current|(1986-    )|Build up welding|||
M23-D01A3|Current|(1986-    )|Submerged arc welding|||
M23-D01A4|Current|(1986-    )|Arc welding/cutting, plasma arc methods specially adapted for particular articles|||
M23-D01A5|Current|(2011-    )|Arc butt welding|||
M23-D01A6|Current|(2012-    )|Stud welding|||
M23-D01B|Current|(1972-    )|Arc welding/cutting, plasma arc - apparatus and circuits|||
M23-D01B1|Current|(1977-    )|Arc welding/cutting, plasma arc apparatus - torches, nozzles, holders|||
M23-D01B2|Current|(1977-    )|Arc welding/cutting, plasma arc apparatus - flux, gas, wire feed|||
M23-D01B3|Current|(1986-    )|Arc welding/cutting, plasma arc circuits|||
M23-D01B4|Current|(1986-    )|General arc welding/cutting, plasma arc apparatus|||
M23-D01C|Current|(2002-    )|Arc welding types|||
M23-D01C1|Current|(2002-    )|Tungsten inert gas (TIG)||E.g. Gas tungsten-inert gas (GTAW), tungsten arc gas shield (TAGS)|
M23-D01C2|Current|(2002-    )|Metal inert gas (MIG)||E.g. Metal arc gas shield (MAGS)|
M23-D01C3|Current|(2002-    )|Manual metalllic arc (MMA)|||
M23-D01C4|Current|(2002-    )|Plasma|||
M23-D02|Current||Resistance welding|||
M23-D02A|Current|(1972-    )|Resistance welding - methods [general]|||
M23-D02A1|Current|(1986-    )|Butt welding|||
M23-D02A2|Current|(1986-    )|Seam welding|||
M23-D02A3|Current|(1986-    )|Spot welding|||
M23-D02A4|Current|(1986-    )|Other resistance welding processes|||
M23-D02A5|Current|(1986-    )|Resistance welding processes specially adapted for particular work|||
M23-D02B|Current|(1972-    )|Resistance welding apparatus and circuits|||
M23-D02B1|Current|(1986-    )|Resistance welding circuits|||
M23-D02B2|Current|(1986-    )|General resistance welding apparatus|||
M23-D03|Current||Induction heating|||
M23-D04|Current||Electron beam|||
M23-D05|Current||Laser beam|||
M23-D06|Current||Spark erosion|||
M23-D07|Current|(1972-    )|Electroslag welding|||
M23-E|Current||Other welding and cutting processes|||
M23-E01|Current|(1994-    )|Forge or friction welding|||
M23-E02|Current||Alumino-thermic and explosive welding|||
M23-E03|Current|(1972-    )|Hard facing [general]|||
M23-E04|Current|(2011-    )|Ultrasonic welding|||
M23-G|Current||Inspection and control methods [general]|||
M23-H|Current||Ancillary equipment [general]||Includes equipment for cleaning welding devices|
M23-J|Current||Special welding features [general]|||
M23-K|Current|(2012-    )|Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections|||
M24|Current||Metallurgy of iron and steel|||
M24-A|Current||Manufacture of iron and steel [other processes]|||
M24-A01|Current||Treatment of iron ores and materials|||
M24-A01A|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment of iron ores and materials - roasting, briquetting and sintering|||
M24-A01B|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment of cokes||Including coke ovens|
M24-A02|Current||Blast furnace pig manufacture|||
M24-A02A|Current|(1986-    )|Blast furnace pig manufacture by applying additives (fluxing agents etc.)|||
M24-A02B|Current|(1986-    )|Making slags of special composition|||
M24-A02C|Current|(1986-    )|Blast furnace pig manufacture [general]|||
M24-A03|Current||Sponge iron or liquid steel production|||
M24-A04|Current||Metallothermic processs|||
M24-A05|Current||Apparatus for iron/steel production|||
M24-A05A|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for iron/steel production - linings|||
M24-A05B|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for iron/steel production - cooling devices|||
M24-A05C|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for iron/steel production - discharge devices|||
M24-A05D|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for iron/steel production - tuyures|||
M24-A05E|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for iron/steel production - stoves for heating blast|||
M24-A05E1|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for iron/steel production - preheating, cooling or drying hot blast|||
M24-A05F|Current|(2012-    )|Charging devices|||
M24-A06|Current||Analysis, control and laboratory methods for refining|||
M24-A07|Current|(1972-    )|Scrap and slag treatment|||
M24-A07A|Current|(1986-    )|Working up flue dust and scrap|||
M24-A07B|Current|(1986-    )|Working up slag|||
M24-A07C|Current|(2011-    )|Working up waste water, slurry and sludge|||
M24-B|Current||Processing iron and steel|||
M24-B01|Current||Processing iron, (to produce)|||
M24-B01A|Current||Processing iron to produce pig iron|||
M24-B01B|Current||Processing iron to produce cast iron|||
M24-B01C|Current||Processing iron to produce wrought iron|||
M24-B02|Current||Processing steels, (by)|||
M24-B02A|Current||Processing steels by crucible process|||
M24-B02B|Current||Processing steels by hearth process|||
M24-B02C|Current||Processing steels by converter process|||
M24-B02D|Current||Processing steels by electro process|||
M24-B02E|Current||Processing steels (by) - specified but unclassified|||
M24-C|Current||Treatment of iron and steel melts [general]|||
M24-C01|Current||Treatment of iron and steel melts - dephosphorising; desulphurising|||
M24-C02|Current||Treatment of iron and steel melts - killing|||
M24-C03|Current||Treatment of iron and steel melts - balancing|||
M24-C04|Current||Treatment of iron and steel melts - removing other impurities|||
M24-C05|Current||Treatment of iron and steel melts - inoculation and spheroidising||Includes nodulizing treatment of molten iron.|
M24-C06|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment of iron and steel melts - decarburising|||
M24-C07|Current|(1986-    )|Treatment of iron and steel melts - use of slags or fluxes as treating agents|||
M24-C08|Current|(1986-    )|Alloying of ferrous melts|||
M24-C09|Current|(1986-    )|Apparatus for treatment of melts||Including lances, nozzles, stirrers, etc.|
M24-C10|Current|(2012-    )|Degassing|||
M24-D|Current||Changing physical properties iron steel [general]|||
M24-D01|Current||Changing physical properties iron steel by mechanical working|||
M24-D01A|Current||Changing physical properties iron steel by mechanical hot working|||
M24-D01A1|Current|(2006-    )|Rolling|||
M24-D01B|Current||Changing physical properties iron steel by mechanical cold working|||
M24-D01B1|Current|(2006-    )|Rolling|||
M24-D01C|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying|||
M24-D02|Current||Changing physical properties iron steel by heat treatment [general]|||
M24-D02A|Current|(1986-    )|Changing physical properties iron steel by surface hardening||E.g. tempering, surface hardening|
M24-D02B|Current|(1986-    )|Changing physical properties iron steel by annealing||Including normalising, stress relieving, etc.|
M24-D02C|Current|(1986-    )|Changing physical properties iron steel using heat treatment baths||i.e. salt baths, oil baths, metal baths and fluidised beds|
M24-D02D|Current|(1986-    )|Changing physical properties iron steel by multistage processes|||
M24-D03|Current||Changing physical properties iron steel by heat treatment of specific articles|||
M24-D04|Current||Heat treatment apparatus|||
M24-D04A|Current|(1986-    )|Heat treatment apparatus - furnaces for ingots||e.g. soaking pits|
M24-D04B|Current|(1986-    )|Heat treatment apparatus - furnaces for treating strip, wire or sheet|||
M24-D04C|Current|(1986-    )|Heat treatment apparatus - furnaces, coilers|||
M24-D04D|Current|(1986-    )|Heat treatment apparatus - other furnaces|||
M24-D04E|Current|(1986-    )|Heat treatment apparatus - quenching baths|||
M24-D04F|Current|(1986-    )|Heat treatment apparatus for multistage processes|||
M24-D05|Current||Removal of non-metals by diffusion|||
M24-D06|Current|(1972-    )|Special physical methods||E.g. peening|
M24-D07|Current|(1986-    )|Process control or regulation for heat treatment|||
M24-E|Current||Control/testing methods [general]|||
M24-F|Current|(2002-    )|Improving specified mechanical properties [general]|||
M24-F01|Current|(2002-    )|Creep resistance|||
M24-F02|Current|(2002-    )|Fatigue resistance|||
M24-F03|Current|(2002-    )|Tensile strength|||
M24-F04|Current|(2002-    )|Fracture toughness (crack resistance)|||
M24-F05|Current|(2002-    )|Stress corrosion cracking resistance|||
M24-F06|Current|(2002-    )|Ductility|||
M24-F07|Current|(2013-    )|Yield strength|||
M25|Current||Non-ferrous metal production/refining|||
M25-A|Current||General ore treatment [other processes]|||
M25-A01|Current||General ore treatment - concentration|||
M25-A01A|Current|(1986-    )|General ore treatment - concentration by dry methods|||
M25-A01B|Current|(1986-    )|General ore treatment - concentration by wet methods||Including flotation|
M25-A02|Current||Crushing, roasting, briquetting, sintering|||
M25-B|Current||Wet extraction of metal compounds from ores [general]|||
M25-B01|Current|(1986-    )|Wet extraction of metal compounds from ores - precipitation as an insoluble compound||E.g. hydrolysis|
M25-B02|Current|(1986-    )|Wet extraction of metal compounds from ore - reduction with hydrogen or precipitation from solution|||
M25-B02A|Current|(2002-    )|Using metal chlorides||E.g. for Ti production|
M25-B03|Current|(1986-    )|Wet extraction of metal compounds from ores - ion exchange||Including absorption on resin|
M25-B04|Current|(1986-    )|Wet extraction of metal compounds from ores - solvent extraction||i.e. complexing by organic reagents|
M25-C|Current||Dry reduction of ore to metal [general]|||
M25-C01|Current|(1972-    )|Dry reduction of ore to metal - apparatus|||
M25-C02|Current|(1972-    )|Dry reduction of ore to metal - methods|||
M25-D|Current||Reduction of metal carbonyls [general]|||
M25-E|Current||Working up scrap, flue dust or slag [general]|||
M25-E01|Current|(1986-    )|Working up of waste water, waste slurry or sludge|||
M25-E02|Current|(2002-    )|Working up scrap, flue dust or slag|||
M25-F|Current||Refining by other methods [general]|||
M25-F01|Current|(2005-    )|Vacuum refining|||
M25-F02|Current|(2005-    )|Bioremediation using microorganisms|||
M25-F03|Current|(2005-    )|Phytoremediation and phytomining|||
M25-F04|Current|(2005-    )|Low gravity and zero gravity processing|||
M25-G|Current||Obtaining specific metals [general]|||
M25-G01|Current||Obtaining specific metals - aluminium|||
M25-G02|Current||Obtaining specific metals - antimony|||
M25-G03|Current||Obtaining specific metals - arsenic|||
M25-G04|Current||Obtaining specific metals - alkali metal|||
M25-G05|Current||Obtaining specific metals - alkaline earth metal|||
M25-G06|Current||Obtaining specific metals - beryllium|||
M25-G07|Current||Obtaining specific metals - bismuth|||
M25-G08|Current||Obtaining specific metals - copper|||
M25-G09|Current||Obtaining specific metals - cadmium|||
M25-G10|Current||Obtaining specific metals - chromium|||
M25-G11|Current||Obtaining specific metals - cobalt|||
M25-G12|Current||Obtaining specific metals - germanium|||
M25-G13|Current||Obtaining specific metals - indium|||
M25-G14|Current||Obtaining specific metals - lead|||
M25-G15|Current||Obtaining specific metals - mercury|||
M25-G16|Current||Obtaining specific metals - magnesium|||
M25-G17|Current||Obtaining specific metals - manganese|||
M25-G18|Current||Obtaining specific metals - molybdenum|||
M25-G19|Current||Obtaining specific metals - nickel|||
M25-G20|Current||Obtaining specific metals - noble metals||Excluding Ag - see M25-G22|
M25-G21|Current||Obtaining specific metals - rare earths|||
M25-G22|Current||Obtaining specific metals - silver|||
M25-G23|Current||Obtaining specific metals - tin|||
M25-G24|Current||Obtaining specific metals - titanium|||
M25-G25|Current||Obtaining specific metals - uranium|||
M25-G26|Current||Obtaining specific metals - vanadium|||
M25-G27|Current||Obtaining specific metals - zinc|||
M25-G28|Current||Obtaining specific metals - other metals|||
M25-H|Current||Analysis, control and laboratory methods [general]|||
M25-J|Current||Apparatus for non-ferrous metal production [general]|||
M25-X|Current|(1986-    )|Other non-ferrous metal processing|||
M26|Current||Non-ferrous alloys||The following terminal code letters may be used to indicate important alloying elements: A = Al, Sb, As; B = Ba, Bi, Be, B; C = C, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, Ca; H = H; J = In, Fe; L = Li, Pb; M = Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo; N = N, Ni, noble metals, Nb; O = O; P = K, P; R = Rare earth metals; S = Si, Na, S; T = Ta, Sn, Th, Ti, W; U = U; V = V; Z = Zn, Zr; X = other specified elements.|
M26-A|Current||Non-ferrous alloy production and treatment [by other methods]|||
M26-A00A|Current||Alloy production and treatment with Al, Sb and/or As [by other methods]|||
M26-A00B|Current||Alloy production and treatment with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B [by other methods]|||
M26-A00C|Current||Alloy production and treatment with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca [by other methods]|||
M26-A00H|Current||Alloy production and treatment with H, Hf [by other methods]|||
M26-A00J|Current||Alloy production and treatment with In and/or Fe [by other methods]|||
M26-A00L|Current||Alloy production and treatment with Pb [by other methods]|||
M26-A00M|Current||Alloy production and treatment with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo [by other methods]|||
M26-A00N|Current||Alloy production and treatment with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals [by other methods]|||
M26-A00O|Current||Alloy production and treatment with O [by other methods]|||
M26-A00P|Current||Alloy production and treatment with K and/or P [by other methods]|||
M26-A00R|Current||Alloy production and treatment with rare earth metals|||
M26-A00S|Current||Alloy production and treatment with Si, Na and/or S [by other methods]|||
M26-A00T|Current||Alloy production and treatment with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W [by other methods]|||
M26-A00U|Current||Alloy production and treatment with U [by other methods]|||
M26-A00V|Current||Alloy production and treatment with V [by other methods]|||
M26-A00X|Current||Alloy production and treatment with other specified elements [by other methods]|||
M26-A00Z|Current||Alloy production and treatment with Zn and/or Zr [by other methods]|||
M26-A01|Current||Alloy production by melting (general)|||
M26-A01A|Current||Alloy production by melting with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-A01B|Current||Alloy production by melting with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-A01C|Current||Alloy production by melting with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-A01H|Current||Alloy production by melting with H, Hf|||
M26-A01J|Current||Alloy production by melting with In and/or Fe|||
M26-A01L|Current||Alloy production by melting with Pb|||
M26-A01M|Current||Alloy production by melting with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-A01N|Current||Alloy production by melting with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-A01O|Current||Alloy production by melting with O|||
M26-A01P|Current||Alloy production by melting with K and/or P|||
M26-A01R|Current||Alloy production by melting with rare earth metals|||
M26-A01S|Current||Alloy production by melting with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-A01T|Current||Alloy production by melting with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-A01U|Current||Alloy production by melting with U|||
M26-A01V|Current||Alloy production by melting with V|||
M26-A01X|Current||Alloy production by melting with other specified elements|||
M26-A01Z|Current||Alloy production by melting with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-A02|Current||By pressing or sintering||Includes casting.|
M26-A02A|Current||By pressing or sintering with Al, Sb and/or As||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02B|Current||By pressing or sintering with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02C|Current||By pressing or sintering with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02H|Current||By pressing or sintering with H, Hf||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02J|Current||By pressing or sintering with In and/or Fe||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02L|Current||By pressing or sintering with Pb||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02M|Current||By pressing or sintering with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02N|Current||By pressing or sintering with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02O|Current||By pressing or sintering with O||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02P|Current||By pressing or sintering with K and/or P||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02R|Current||By pressing or sintering with rare earth metals||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02S|Current||By pressing or sintering with Si, Na and/or S||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02T|Current||By pressing or sintering with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02U|Current||By pressing or sintering with U||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02V|Current||By pressing or sintering with V||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02X|Current||By pressing or sintering with other specified elements||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A02Z|Current||By pressing or sintering with Zn and/or Zr||Include casting and rolling.|
M26-A03|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys (general)|||
M26-A03A|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-A03B|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-A03C|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-A03H|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with H, Hf|||
M26-A03J|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with In and/or Fe|||
M26-A03L|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with Pb|||
M26-A03M|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-A03N|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with Ni, Nb and/or Mo|||
M26-A03O|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with O|||
M26-A03P|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with K and/or P|||
M26-A03R|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with rare earth metals|||
M26-A03S|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-A03T|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-A03U|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with U|||
M26-A03V|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with V|||
M26-A03X|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with other specified elements|||
M26-A03Z|Current||Removing material from alloys to produce different alloys with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-A04|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying|||
M26-A04A|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-A04B|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-A04C|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-A04H|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with H, Hf|||
M26-A04J|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with In and/or Fe|||
M26-A04L|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with Pb|||
M26-A04M|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-A04N|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with Ni, Nb and/or Mo|||
M26-A04O|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with O|||
M26-A04P|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with K and/or P|||
M26-A04R|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with rare earth metals|||
M26-A04S|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-A04T|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-A04U|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with U|||
M26-A04V|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with V|||
M26-A04X|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with other specified elements|||
M26-A04Z|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanical alloying with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B|Current||Alloys based on particular metals [general and others]|||
M26-B00A|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B00B|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B00C|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B00H|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with H, Hf|||
M26-B00J|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B00L|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with Pb|||
M26-B00M|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B00N|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B00O|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with O|||
M26-B00P|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with K and/or P|||
M26-B00R|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with rare earth metals|||
M26-B00S|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B00T|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B00U|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with U|||
M26-B00V|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with V|||
M26-B00X|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with other specified elements|||
M26-B00Z|Current||Alloys based on particular metals with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B01|Current||Noble metal alloy|||
M26-B01A|Current||Noble metal alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B01B|Current||Noble metal alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B01C|Current||Noble metal alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B01H|Current||Noble metal alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B01J|Current||Noble metal alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B01L|Current||Noble metal alloy with Pb|||
M26-B01M|Current||Noble metal alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B01N|Current||Noble metal alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B01O|Current||Noble metal alloy with O|||
M26-B01P|Current||Noble metal alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B01R|Current||Noble metal alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B01S|Current||Noble metal alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B01T|Current||Noble metal alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B01U|Current||Noble metal alloy with U|||
M26-B01V|Current||Noble metal alloy with V|||
M26-B01X|Current||Noble metal alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B01Z|Current||Noble metal alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B02|Current||Mercury alloy||E.g. amalgams|
M26-B02A|Current||Mercury alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B02B|Current||Mercury alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B02C|Current||Mercury alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B02H|Current||Mercury alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B02J|Current||Mercury alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B02L|Current||Mercury alloy with Pb|||
M26-B02M|Current||Mercury alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B02N|Current||Mercury alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B02O|Current||Mercury alloy with O|||
M26-B02P|Current||Mercury alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B02R|Current||Mercury alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B02S|Current||Mercury alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B02T|Current||Mercury alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B02U|Current||Mercury alloy with U|||
M26-B02V|Current||Mercury alloy with V|||
M26-B02X|Current||Mercury alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B02Z|Current||Mercury alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B03|Current||Copper alloy|||
M26-B03A|Current||Copper alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B03B|Current||Copper alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B03C|Current||Copper alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B03H|Current||Copper alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B03J|Current||Copper alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B03L|Current||Copper alloy with Pb|||
M26-B03M|Current||Copper alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B03N|Current||Copper alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B03O|Current||Copper alloy with O|||
M26-B03P|Current||Copper alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B03R|Current||Copper alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B03S|Current||Copper alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B03T|Current||Copper alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B03U|Current||Copper alloy with U|||
M26-B03V|Current||Copper alloy with V|||
M26-B03X|Current||Copper alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B03Z|Current||Copper alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B04|Current||Lead alloy|||
M26-B04A|Current||Lead alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B04B|Current||Lead alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B04C|Current||Lead alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B04H|Current||Lead alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B04J|Current||Lead alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B04L|Current||Lead alloy with Pb|||
M26-B04M|Current||Lead alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B04N|Current||Lead alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B04O|Current||Lead alloy with O|||
M26-B04P|Current||Lead alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B04R|Current||Lead alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B04S|Current||Lead alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B04T|Current||Lead alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B04U|Current||Lead alloy with U|||
M26-B04V|Current||Lead alloy with V|||
M26-B04X|Current||Lead alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B04Z|Current||Lead alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B05|Current||Tin alloy|||
M26-B05A|Current||Tin alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B05B|Current||Tin alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B05C|Current||Tin alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B05H|Current||Tin alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B05J|Current||Tin alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B05L|Current||Tin alloy with Pb|||
M26-B05M|Current||Tin alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B05N|Current||Tin alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B05O|Current||Tin alloy with O|||
M26-B05P|Current||Tin alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B05R|Current||Tin alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B05S|Current||Tin alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B05T|Current||Tin alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B05U|Current||Tin alloy with U|||
M26-B05V|Current||Tin alloy with V|||
M26-B05X|Current||Tin alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B05Z|Current||Tin alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B06|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy|||
M26-B06A|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B06B|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B06C|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B06H|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B06J|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B06L|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with Pb|||
M26-B06M|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B06N|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B06O|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with O|||
M26-B06P|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B06R|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B06S|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B06T|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B06U|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with U|||
M26-B06V|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with V|||
M26-B06X|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B06Z|Current||Titanium or zirconium alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B07|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy|||
M26-B07A|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B07B|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B07C|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B07H|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B07J|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B07L|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with Pb|||
M26-B07M|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B07N|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B07O|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with O|||
M26-B07P|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B07R|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B07S|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B07T|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B07U|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with U|||
M26-B07V|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with V|||
M26-B07X|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B07Z|Current||Zinc or cadmium alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B08|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy|||
M26-B08A|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B08B|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B08C|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B08H|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B08J|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B08L|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with Pb|||
M26-B08M|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B08N|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B08O|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with O|||
M26-B08P|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B08R|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B08S|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B08T|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B08U|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with U|||
M26-B08V|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with V|||
M26-B08X|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B08Z|Current||Nickel or cobalt alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B09|Current||Aluminium alloy|||
M26-B09A|Current||Aluminium alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B09B|Current||Aluminium alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B09C|Current||Aluminium alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B09H|Current||Aluminium alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B09J|Current||Aluminium alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B09L|Current||Aluminium alloy with Pb|||
M26-B09M|Current||Aluminium alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B09N|Current||Aluminium alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B09O|Current||Aluminium alloy with O|||
M26-B09P|Current||Aluminium alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B09R|Current||Aluminium alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B09S|Current||Aluminium alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B09T|Current||Aluminium alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B09U|Current||Aluminium alloy with U|||
M26-B09V|Current||Aluminium alloy with V|||
M26-B09X|Current||Aluminium alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B09Z|Current||Aluminium alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B10|Current||Magnesium alloy|||
M26-B10A|Current||Magnesium alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B10B|Current||Magnesium alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B10C|Current||Magnesium alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B10H|Current||Magnesium alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B10J|Current||Magnesium alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B10L|Current||Magnesium alloy with Pb|||
M26-B10M|Current||Magnesium alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B10N|Current||Magnesium alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B10O|Current||Magnesium alloy with O|||
M26-B10P|Current||Magnesium alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B10R|Current||Magnesium alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B10S|Current||Magnesium alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B10T|Current||Magnesium alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B10U|Current||Magnesium alloy with U|||
M26-B10V|Current||Magnesium alloy with V|||
M26-B10X|Current||Magnesium alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B10Z|Current||Magnesium alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B11|Current||Beryllium alloy|||
M26-B11A|Current||Beryllium alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B11B|Current||Beryllium alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B11C|Current||Beryllium alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B11H|Current||Beryllium alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B11J|Current||Beryllium alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B11L|Current||Beryllium alloy with Pb|||
M26-B11M|Current||Beryllium alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B11N|Current||Beryllium alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B11O|Current||Beryllium alloy with O|||
M26-B11P|Current||Beryllium alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B11R|Current||Beryllium alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B11S|Current||Beryllium alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B11T|Current||Beryllium alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B11U|Current||Beryllium alloy with U|||
M26-B11V|Current||Beryllium alloy with V|||
M26-B11X|Current||Beryllium alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B11Z|Current||Beryllium alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B12|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc.|||
M26-B12A|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with Al, Sb|||
M26-B12B|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B12C|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B12H|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with H, Hf|||
M26-B12J|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B12L|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with Pb|||
M26-B12M|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B12N|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B12O|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with O|||
M26-B12P|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with K and/or P|||
M26-B12R|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with rare earth metals|||
M26-B12S|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with Si, Na|||
M26-B12T|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B12U|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with U|||
M26-B12V|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with V|||
M26-B12X|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with other|||
M26-B12Z|Current||Hard alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B13|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals|||
M26-B13A|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B13B|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B13C|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B13H|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with H, Hf|||
M26-B13J|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B13L|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with Pb|||
M26-B13M|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B13N|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B13O|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with O|||
M26-B13P|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with K and/or P|||
M26-B13R|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with rare earth metals|||
M26-B13S|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B13T|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B13U|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with U|||
M26-B13V|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with V|||
M26-B13X|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with other specified|||
M26-B13Z|Current||Alloys based on other high melting or refractory metals with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B14|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium|||
M26-B14A|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B14B|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B14C|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B14H|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B14J|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B14L|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with Pb|||
M26-B14M|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B14N|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B14O|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with O|||
M26-B14P|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B14R|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B14S|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B14T|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B14U|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with U|||
M26-B14V|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with V|||
M26-B14X|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B14Z|Current|(2002-    )|Lithium alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B15|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium|||
M26-B15A|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B15B|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B15C|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B15H|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B15J|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B15L|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with Pb|||
M26-B15M|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B15N|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B15O|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with O|||
M26-B15P|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B15R|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B15S|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B15T|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B15U|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with U|||
M26-B15V|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with V|||
M26-B15X|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B15Z|Current|(2002-    )|Gallium alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B16|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals|||
M26-B16A|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B16B|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B16C|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B16H|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with H, Hf|||
M26-B16J|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B16L|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with Pb|||
M26-B16M|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B16N|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B16O|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with O|||
M26-B16P|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with K and/or P|||
M26-B16R|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with rare earth metals|||
M26-B16S|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B16T|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B16U|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with U|||
M26-B16V|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with V|||
M26-B16X|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with other specified elements|||
M26-B16Z|Current|(2002-    )|Rare earth metals alloy with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B17|Current|(2011-    )|Alkali(ne) metals||For Magnesium and Lithium alloys, see M26-B10 and M26-B14 respectively|
M26-B17A|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B17B|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B17C|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B17H|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with H, Hf|||
M26-B17J|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B17L|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with Pb|||
M26-B17M|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B17N|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B17O|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with O|||
M26-B17P|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with K and/or P|||
M26-B17R|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with rare earth metals|||
M26-B17S|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B17T|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B17U|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with U|||
M26-B17V|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with V|||
M26-B17X|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with other specified elements|||
M26-B17Z|Current|(2002-    )|Alkali(ne) metals with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-B18|Current|(2011-    )|Manganese|||
M26-B18A|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M26-B18B|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M26-B18C|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M26-B18H|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with H, Hf|||
M26-B18J|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with In and/or Fe|||
M26-B18L|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with Pb|||
M26-B18M|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M26-B18N|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M26-B18O|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with O|||
M26-B18P|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with K and/or P|||
M26-B18R|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with rare earth metals|||
M26-B18S|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with Si, Na and/or S|||
M26-B18T|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M26-B18U|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with U|||
M26-B18V|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with V|||
M26-B18X|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with other specified elements|||
M26-B18Z|Current|(2002-    )|Manganese with Zn and/or Zr|||
M26-C|Current|(2002-    )|Special alloys|||
M26-C01|Current|(2002-    )|Amorphous alloys, glassy|||
M26-C02|Current|(2002-    )|Nanophase alloys (nanocrystalline)|||
M26-C03|Current|(2002-    )|Shape memory|||
M26-C04|Current|(2013-    )|Single crystalline alloy|||
M27|Current||Ferrous alloys||Used in preference to codes in the M24 section when a specific iron alloy or steel is concerned. The following terminal code letters may be used to indicate important alloying elements: A = Al, Sb, As; B = Ba, Bi, Be, B; C = Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, Ca; J = In, Fe; L = Pb; M = Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo; N = Ni, noble metals, Nb; P = K, P; R = Rare earth metals; S = Si, Na, S; T = Ta, Sn, Ti, W; U = U; V = V; Z = Zn, Zr; X = other specified elements.|
M27-A|Current||Alloys [other alloys]|||
M27-A00A|Current||Other alloys with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M27-A00B|Current||Other alloys with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M27-A00C|Current||Other alloys with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M27-A00J|Current||Other alloys with In and/or Fe|||
M27-A00L|Current||Other alloys with Pb|||
M27-A00M|Current||Other alloys with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M27-A00N|Current||Other alloys with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M27-A00P|Current||Other alloys with K and/or P|||
M27-A00R|Current||Other alloys with rare earth metals|||
M27-A00S|Current||Other alloys with Si, Na and/or S|||
M27-A00T|Current||Other alloys with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M27-A00U|Current||Other alloys with U|||
M27-A00V|Current||Other alloys with V|||
M27-A00X|Current||Other alloys with other specified elements|||
M27-A00Z|Current||Other alloys with Zn and/or Zr|||
M27-A01|Current||Alloy production|||
M27-A01A|Current||Alloy production with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M27-A01B|Current||Alloy production with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M27-A01C|Current||Alloy production with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M27-A01J|Current||Alloy production with In and/or Fe|||
M27-A01L|Current||Alloy production with Pb|||
M27-A01M|Current||Alloy production with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M27-A01N|Current||Alloy production with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M27-A01P|Current||Alloy production with K and/or P|||
M27-A01R|Current||Alloy production with rare earth metals|||
M27-A01S|Current||Alloy production with Si, Na and/or S|||
M27-A01T|Current||Alloy production with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M27-A01U|Current||Alloy production with U|||
M27-A01V|Current||Alloy production with V|||
M27-A01X|Current||Alloy production with other specified elements|||
M27-A01Z|Current||Alloy production with Zn and/or Zr|||
M27-A02|Current||Master alloys|||
M27-A02A|Current||Master alloys with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M27-A02B|Current||Master alloys with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M27-A02C|Current||Master alloys with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M27-A02J|Current||Master alloys with In and/or Fe|||
M27-A02L|Current||Master alloys with Pb|||
M27-A02M|Current||Master alloys with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M27-A02N|Current||Master alloys with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M27-A02P|Current||Master alloys with K and/or P|||
M27-A02R|Current||Master alloys with rare earth metals|||
M27-A02S|Current||Master alloys with Si, Na and/or S|||
M27-A02T|Current||Master alloys with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M27-A02U|Current||Master alloys with U|||
M27-A02V|Current||Master alloys with V|||
M27-A02X|Current||Master alloys with other specified elements|||
M27-A02Z|Current||Master alloys with Zn and/or Zr|||
M27-A03|Current||Cast iron alloys||>2 wt. % C|
M27-A03A|Current||Cast iron alloys with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M27-A03B|Current||Cast iron alloys with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M27-A03C|Current||Cast iron alloys with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M27-A03J|Current||Cast iron alloys with In and/or Fe|||
M27-A03L|Current||Cast iron alloys with Pb|||
M27-A03M|Current||Cast iron alloys with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M27-A03N|Current||Cast iron alloys with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M27-A03P|Current||Cast iron alloys with K and/or P|||
M27-A03R|Current||Cast iron alloys with rare earth metals|||
M27-A03S|Current||Cast iron alloys with Si, Na and/or S|||
M27-A03T|Current||Cast iron alloys with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M27-A03U|Current||Cast iron alloys with U|||
M27-A03V|Current||Cast iron alloys with V|||
M27-A03X|Current||Cast iron alloys with other specified elements|||
M27-A03Z|Current||Cast iron alloys with Zn and/or Zr|||
M27-A04|Current||Steel alloys|||
M27-A04A|Current||Steel alloys with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M27-A04B|Current||Steel alloys with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M27-A04C|Current||Steel alloys with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M27-A04J|Current||Steel alloys with In and/or Fe|||
M27-A04L|Current||Steel alloys with Pb|||
M27-A04M|Current||Steel alloys with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M27-A04N|Current||Steel alloys with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M27-A04P|Current||Steel alloys with K and/or P|||
M27-A04R|Current||Steel alloys with rare earth metals|||
M27-A04S|Current||Steel alloys with Si, Na and/or S|||
M27-A04T|Current||Steel alloys with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M27-A04U|Current||Steel alloys with U|||
M27-A04V|Current||Steel alloys with V|||
M27-A04X|Current||Steel alloys with other specified elements|||
M27-A04Z|Current||Steel alloys with Zn and/or Zr|||
M27-B|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys]|||
M27-B00A|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M27-B00B|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M27-B00C|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M27-B00J|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with In and/or Fe|||
M27-B00L|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with Pb|||
M27-B00M|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M27-B00N|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M27-B00P|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with K and/or P|||
M27-B00R|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with rare earth metals|||
M27-B00S|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with Si, Na and/or S|||
M27-B00T|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M27-B00U|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with U|||
M27-B00V|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with V|||
M27-B00X|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with other specified elements|||
M27-B00Z|Current||Alloy treatment [other alloys] with Zn and/or Zr|||
M27-B01|Retired|(    -2009)|Production*|M27-A01|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01+.|
M27-B01A|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with Al, Sb and/or As*|M27-A01A|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01A.|
M27-B01B|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B*|M27-A01B|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01B.|
M27-B01C|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca*|M27-A01C|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01C.|
M27-B01J|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with In and/or Fe*|M27-A01J|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01J.|
M27-B01L|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with Pb*|M27-A01L|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01L.|
M27-B01M|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo*|M27-A01M|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01M.|
M27-B01N|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals*|M27-A01N|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01N.|
M27-B01P|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with K and/or P*|M27-A01P|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01P.|
M27-B01R|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with rare earth metals*|M27-A01R|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01R.|
M27-B01S|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with Si, Na and/or S*|M27-A01S|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01S.|
M27-B01T|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W*|M27-A01T|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01T.|
M27-B01U|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with U*|M27-A01U|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01U.|
M27-B01V|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with V*|M27-A01V|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01V.|
M27-B01X|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with other specified elements*|M27-A01X|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01X.|
M27-B01Z|Retired|(    -2009)|Production with Zn and/or Zr*|M27-A01Z|*From 200901, production of alloys covered in M27-A01Z.|
M27-B02|Current||Master alloys|||
M27-B02A|Current||Master alloys with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M27-B02B|Current||Master alloys with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M27-B02C|Current||Master alloys with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M27-B02J|Current||Master alloys with In and/or Fe|||
M27-B02L|Current||Master alloys with Pb|||
M27-B02M|Current||Master alloys with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M27-B02N|Current||Master alloys with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M27-B02P|Current||Master alloys with K and/or P|||
M27-B02R|Current||Master alloys with rare earth metals|||
M27-B02S|Current||Master alloys with Si, Na and/or S|||
M27-B02T|Current||Master alloys with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M27-B02U|Current||Master alloys with U|||
M27-B02V|Current||Master alloys with V|||
M27-B02X|Current||Master alloys with other specified elements|||
M27-B02Z|Current||Master alloys with Zn and/or Zr|||
M27-B03|Current||Cast iron alloys|||
M27-B03A|Current||Cast iron alloys with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M27-B03B|Current||Cast iron alloys with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M27-B03C|Current||Cast iron alloys with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M27-B03J|Current||Cast iron alloys with In and/or Fe|||
M27-B03L|Current||Cast iron alloys with Pb|||
M27-B03M|Current||Cast iron alloys with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M27-B03N|Current||Cast iron alloys with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M27-B03P|Current||Cast iron alloys with K and/or P|||
M27-B03R|Current||Cast iron alloys with rare earth metals|||
M27-B03S|Current||Cast iron alloys with Si, Na and/or S|||
M27-B03T|Current||Cast iron alloys with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M27-B03U|Current||Cast iron alloys with U|||
M27-B03V|Current||Cast iron alloys with V|||
M27-B03X|Current||Cast iron alloys with other specified elements|||
M27-B03Z|Current||Cast iron alloys with Zn and/or Zr|||
M27-B04|Current||Steel alloys|||
M27-B04A|Current||Steel alloys with Al, Sb and/or As|||
M27-B04B|Current||Steel alloys with Ba, Bi, Be and/or B|||
M27-B04C|Current||Steel alloys with Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and/or Ca|||
M27-B04J|Current||Steel alloys with In and/or Fe|||
M27-B04L|Current||Steel alloys with Pb|||
M27-B04M|Current||Steel alloys with Hg, Mg, Mn and/or Mo|||
M27-B04N|Current||Steel alloys with Ni, Nb and/or noble metals|||
M27-B04P|Current||Steel alloys with K and/or P|||
M27-B04R|Current||Steel alloys with rare earth metals|||
M27-B04S|Current||Steel alloys with Si, Na and/or S|||
M27-B04T|Current||Steel alloys with Ta, Sn, Ti and/or W|||
M27-B04U|Current||Steel alloys with U|||
M27-B04V|Current||Steel alloys with V|||
M27-B04X|Current||Steel alloys with other specified elements|||
M27-B04Z|Current||Steel alloys with Zn and/or Zr|||
M27-C|Current|(2002-    )|Carbon steel||For C contents above 2 wt.%, see M27-A3|
M27-C01|Current|(2002-    )|Ultra-low C content (less than 0.03 wt. %)|||
M27-C02|Current|(2002-    )|Low C content (0.03-0.3 wt.%)|||
M27-C03|Current|(2002-    )|Medium C content (0.3-0.7 wt.%)|||
M27-C04|Current|(2002-    )|High C content (0.7-1.7 wt.%)|||
M27-C05|Current|(2012-    )|Very high C content (> 1.7 wt.%)|||
M27-D|Current|(2002-    )|Special alloys|||
M27-D01|Current|(2002-    )|Stainless steels|||
M27-D02|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanically alloyed|||
M27-D03|Current|(2012-    )|Nanophase alloys|||
M27-D04|Current|(2011-    )|Amorphous alloys|||
M27-D05|Current|(2011-    )|Shape memory alloys|||
M28|Current||Electrolytic/electrothermic production/refining metals|||
M28-A|Current||Metals, alloys by solution electrolysis [general]||Including Hall-Heroult process for Al production|
M28-B|Current||Metals, alloys by fused electrolyte electrolysis [general]|||
M28-C|Current||Electrolytic cell production [general]|||
M28-C01|Current|(1986-    )|Electrolytic cell production - electrodes|||
M28-C02|Current|(1986-    )|Electrolytic cell production - operating and servicing|||
M28-C03|Current|(1986-    )|Electrolytic cell production - construction and assembly of cells|||
M28-D|Current||Metal powder or porous metal by electrolysis [general]|||
M28-E|Current||Electrothermic treatment ores, metals, alloys [general]|||
M28-F|Current||Other electrical metal refining processes|||
M29|Current||Changing physical structure non-ferrous metals alloys|||
M29-A|Current||Changing physical structure non-ferrous metals alloys by mechanical working, hot|||
M29-B|Current||Changing physical structure non-ferrous metals alloys by mechanical working, cold|||
M29-C|Current||Changing physical structure non-ferrous metals alloys by heat treatment [general]|||
M29-C01|Current|(1972-    )|Changing physical structure non-ferrous metals alloys by heat treatment of specific articles|||
M29-C02|Current|(1972-    )|Changing physical structure non-ferrous metals alloys by heat treatment - apparatus|||
M29-D|Current||Special physical methods [general]|||
M29-E|Current|(1994-    )|Other non-ferrous metal treatment and testing|||
M29-F|Current|(2002-    )|Improving specified mechanical properties [general]|||
M29-F01|Current|(2002-    )|Creep resistance|||
M29-F02|Current|(2002-    )|Fatigue resistance|||
M29-F03|Current|(2002-    )|Tensile strength|||
M29-F04|Current|(2002-    )|Fracture toughness (crack resistance)|||
M29-F05|Current|(2002-    )|Stress corrosion cracking resistance|||
M29-F06|Current|(2002-    )|Ductility|||
M29-F07|Current|(2013-    )|Yield strength|||
N01|Current||Alkali(ne earth) metal, B, Al, Si - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|||
N01-A|Current||Alkali metal - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N01-A01|Current||Na or K - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|||
N01-B|Current||Alkaline earth metal - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|||
N01-C|Current||Aluminium - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N01-C01|Retired|(1977-1993)|Alumina-silica mixture catalyst*|N01-C01A, N01-C01B|*Excluding zeolite.|
N01-C01A|Current|(1994-    )|Alumina-silica mixture, aluminosilicates, clays catalyst|N01-C01|May contain alkali(ne) earth metals only.|
N01-C01B|Current|(1994-    )|Aluminosilicates containing/exchanged/loaded with section N02, N03 metals catalyst|N01-C01|Where appropriate, the section N02+, N03 metal code(s) are also assigned.|
N01-C02|Current|(1977-    )|Alumina catalyst||Excluding N01-C01A, N01-C01B.|
N01-C03|Current|(2002-    )|Other aluminium compounds||not zeolites, aluminosilicates or alumina|
N01-D|Retired|(1977-1993)|B or Si - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst*|N01-D01, N01-D02, N01-D03|*Now coded as: N01-D01, N01-D02, N01-D03,|
N01-D01|Current|(1994-    )|Boron compounds||Boron, Boron compounds (including non-zeolite borosilicates).|
N01-D02|Current|(1994-    )|Silica, silicates catalyst|N01-D|Excluding B and Al.|
N01-D03|Current|(1994-    )|Silicon and other silicon compounds catalyst [exc. silica, silicates]|N01-D||
N02|Current||Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, noble metal - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate [general]|||
N02-A|Current||Iron - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N02-A01|Current||Iron element or oxide catalyst|||
N02-B|Current||Cobalt - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N02-B01|Current||Cobalt element or oxide catalyst|||
N02-C|Current||Nickel - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N02-C01|Current||Nickel element catalyst|||
N02-D|Current||Copper - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N02-D01|Current||Copper - element, oxide or sulphide catalyst|||
N02-E|Current||Ru, Rh, Os, Ir, Ag, Au - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N02-E01|Current|(1994-    )|Ru - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N02-E||
N02-E02|Current|(1994-    )|Rh - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N02-E||
N02-E03|Current|(1994-    )|Ag - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N02-E||
N02-E04|Current|(1994-    )|Os, Ir, Au - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N02-E||
N02-F|Current||Pd or Pt - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N02-F01|Current||Pd or Pt element on carbon catalyst|||
N02-F02|Current||Pd or Pt element catalyst||Excluding N02-F01.|
N02-F03|Current|(2006-    )|Palladium inorganic compound|||
N02-F04|Current|(2006-    )|Palladium Carboxylate|||
N02-F05|Current|(2006-    )|Platinum inorganic compound|||
N02-F06|Current|(2006-    )|Platinum Carboxylate|||
N03|Current||Other metal - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N03-A|Current||Sc, Y, lanthanoid, Fr, Ra, actinoid - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|||
N03-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Sc, Y, La|||
N03-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Lanthanides gen|||
N03-A02A|Current|(2006-    )|Ce|||
N03-A02B|Current|(2006-    )|Other lanthanides|||
N03-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Ra, Th, Actinoid, Fr|||
N03-B|Current||Ti, Zr, Hf - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N03-B01|Current|(1994-    )|Ti - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N03-B||
N03-B01A|Current|(2006-    )|Ti- element, (hydr)oxides, including titanic acids|||
N03-B02|Current|(1994-    )|Zr, Hf - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N03-B||
N03-C|Current||V, Nb, Ta, W - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N03-C01|Current|(1994-    )|V - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N03-C||
N03-C02|Current|(1994-    )|W - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N03-C||
N03-C03|Current|(1994-    )|Nb, Ta - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N03-C||
N03-D|Current||Cr, Mo - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst [general]|||
N03-D01|Current|(1994-    )|Cr - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N03-D||
N03-D02|Current|(1994-    )|Mo - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|N03-D||
N03-E|Current||Mn, Tc, Re - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|||
N03-F|Current||Zn, Cd, Hg - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|||
N03-F01|Current|(2006-    )|Zn|||
N03-F02|Current|(2006-    )|Cd, Hg|||
N03-G|Current||Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|||
N03-G01|Current|(2006-    )|In|||
N03-G02|Current|(2006-    )|Ge|||
N03-G03|Current|(2006-    )|Sn|||
N03-G04|Current|(2006-    )|Ga, Tl, Pb|||
N03-H|Current||As, Sb, Bi, Po - element, (hydr)oxide, inorganic salt, carboxylate catalyst|||
N04|Current||C, N, O, P, S, Se, Te, halogen - element, inorganic compound catalyst [general]|||
N04-A|Current||C (excluding N02-F01), N, O, H2O, H2O2, Se, Te, noble gas - element, inorganic compound catalyst|||
N04-B|Current||P - element, inorganic compound catalyst|||
N04-C|Current||S - element, inorganic compound catalyst|||
N04-D|Current||Halogen - element, inorganic compound catalyst [general]|||
N04-D01|Current||Metal halide - element, inorganic compound catalyst|||
N05|Current||Metal hydride, coordination complex, organic compound catalyst (excluding carboxylate) [general]|||
N05-A|Current||H, metal hydride/alkoxide, aryl-oxide, alkyl, aryl -coordination complex, organic compound catalyst|||
N05-B|Current||Carbonyl complex, pi-bond complex catalyst|||
N05-C|Current||Other co-ordination complex catalyst|||
N05-D|Old|(    -2010)|Amine, quaternary ammonium, heterocyclic|||
N05-D|Current|(2011-    )|Amine, quaternary ammonium, heterocyclic and other organic N containing compounds||From 2011, this code has been expanded to include all organic N compounds.|
N05-E|Current||Other organic compound catalyst [general]|||
N05-E01|Current|(1986-    )|B, Si, P, As, Se, Te, metal present in organic compound catalyst|||
N05-E02|Current|(1986-    )|S present in organic compound catalyst|||
N05-E03|Current|(1986-    )|Other compound in organic compound catalyst [exc. B, Si, P, As, Se, Te, metal, S]|||
N05-E03A|Current|(2010-    )|Organic resins and other polymers|||
N05-F|Current|(2016-    )|Crown ethers||Crown ethers used as catalyst.|
N06|Current||Molecular sieve, zeolite, special form, general|||
N06-A|Current||Molecular sieve; zeolite containing Al with no other metal than alkali(ne earth)|||
N06-B|Current||Other zeolite [general]|||
N06-B01|Current|(1994-    )|Boro- or metallo-aluminosilicates|N06-B||
N06-B02|Current|(1994-    )|High silica zeolites|N06-B|e.g. Silicalites.|
N06-B03|Current|(2002-    )|Phosphate or silicophosphate based molecular sieves||Includes aluminosilicophosphates.|
N06-C|Current||Special form||e.g. Raney Nickel.|
N06-C01|Current|(2002-    )|Raney catalysts, alloys||e.g. Raney Ni.|
N06-C02|Current|(2002-    )|Catalytic (coated) electrodes|||
N06-C03|Current|(2002-    )|Catalytic membranes, diaphragms|||
N06-C04|Current|(2002-    )|Homogenous, soluble or liquid|||
N06-C05|Current|(2002-    )|Fixed bed catalyts|||
N06-C06|Current|(2002-    )|Moving, fluidised bed catalysts|||
N06-C07|Current|(2002-    )|Nets, meshes, gauzes, frameworks|||
N06-C08|Current|(2002-    )|Bodies or particles with special|||
N06-C09|Current|(2010-    )|Nano-Catalyst||Nano-structured catalyst. To be used in addition to other required N codes.|
N06-D|Current||Catalytic apparatus, testing, detection, determination|||
N06-E|Current||Catalyst preparation (general), recovery, regeneration|||
N06-E01|Current|(2002-    )|Catalyst preparation, activation, pretreatment|||
N06-E02|Current|(2002-    )|Catalyst regeneration, reactivation|||
N06-E03|Current|(2002-    )|Catalyst recovery (metals, values, ligands)|||
N06-F|Current|(1994-    )|Catalyst support||Indicates that a feature of the catalyst support (e.g. composition/preparation/properties) forms a significant aspect of the invention. As well as the code N06-F, novel catalyst supports also receive appropriate codes from sections E and N, whereas non-novel catalyst supports code N06-F only.|
N06-G|Current|(2010-    )|Catalyst promoters||Applied for catalyst promoters in addition to the related N Codes.|
N06-H|Current|(2011-    )|Phase transfer catalyst|||
N07|Current||Catalyst applications and uses|||
N07-A|Current|(2002-    )|Catalytic reactions [general]|||
N07-B|Current|(2002-    )|Hydrogenation, hydrogenesis, reduction|||
N07-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Hydrogenation of unsaturated C-C bonds|||
N07-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Hydrogenation - other|||
N07-C|Current|(2002-    )|Oxidation, dehydrogenation - general or unclassified|||
N07-C01|Current|(2002-    )|Oxidation with O2, air|||
N07-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Dehydrogenation of C-C bonds|||
N07-C03|Current|(2006-    )|Other Oxidation, Dehydrogenation process|||
N07-D|Current|(2002-    )|Addition/substitution reactions - general or unclassified|||
N07-D01|Current|(2002-    )|Oligomerisation, telomerisation|||
N07-D02|Current|(2002-    )|Addition reactions of CO and/or CO2 - general or unclassified|||
N07-D02A|Current|(2002-    )|Addition of CO to olefinic bonds:|||
N07-D02B|Current|(2002-    )|Other addition reactions of CO(2)|||
N07-D03|Current|(2002-    )|Alkylation, arylation, acylation of C-|||
N07-D04|Current|(2002-    )|Condensation reactions; other C-C chain extension|||
N07-D05|Current|(2002-    )|Hydration, hydroxylation, hydrolysis||For Hydrolysis there is already a specific code N07-F06|
N07-D06|Current|(2002-    )|Etherification, acetalisation, O-alkylation|||
N07-D07|Current|(2002-    )|Esterification, O-acylation, anhydride formation|||
N07-D08|Current|(2002-    )|Addition of nitrogenous functions - general or unclassified|||
N07-D08A|Current|(2002-    )|Amination, N-alkylation, N-acylation|||
N07-D08B|Current|(2002-    )|Ammonia-oxidation, ammoxidation|||
N07-D08C|Current|(2006-    )|Nitration|||
N07-D08D|Current|(2016-    )|Amidine or guanidine formation||Reactions involving formation of amidine or guanidine group which may be cyclic or acyclic.|
N07-D09|Current|(2002-    )|(Hydro)halogenation|||
N07-D10|Current|(2002-    )|Addition of sulphur functions, e.g. sulphonation|||
N07-D11|Current|(2010-    )|Addition of boron, silicon, phosphorus and other functions|N07-D||
N07-D11A|Current|(2010-    )|Addition of boron functions|||
N07-D11B|Current|(2010-    )|Addition of silicon functions|||
N07-D11C|Current|(2010-    )|Addition of phosphorus functions|||
N07-E|Current|(2002-    )|Isomerisation and exchange reactions - general or unclassified|||
N07-E01|Current|(2002-    )|Isomerisation, metathesis, disproportionation of olefinic cmpds|||
N07-E02|Current|(2002-    )|Isomerisation reactions of other hydrocarbons; reforming|||
N07-E03|Current|(2002-    )|Transesterification, ether/acetal exchange|||
N07-E04|Current|(2002-    )|Racemisation|||
N07-E05|Current|(2016-    )|Rearrangement Reactions||Any rearrangement reaction which gives a non-isomeric product e.g. Beckmann Rearrangement.|
N07-E06|Current|(2016-    )|Asymmetric/enantioselective synthesis||Catalytic reactions in which single reactants forms unequal mixture of Stereoisomers or any one of specific isomer product.|
N07-F|Current||Elimination/cleavage reactions - general or unclassified|||
N07-F01|Current|(2002-    )|Decarboxylation, decarbonylation|||
N07-F02|Current|(2002-    )|Dealkylation, cracking, depolymerisation, other C-C bond|||
N07-F03|Current|(2002-    )|De(hydro)halogenation|||
N07-F04|Current|(2002-    )|Ring expansion, contraction|||
N07-F05|Current|(2006-    )|Chain Expansion/Contraction|||
N07-F06|Current|(2010-    )|Hydrolysis, dehydration, dehydroxylation|||
N07-F06A|Current|(2010-    )|Hydrolysis|||
N07-F06B|Current|(2010-    )|Dehydration, dehydroxylation|||
N07-F07|Current|(2006-    )|Cyclisation|||
N07-F08|Current|(2006-    )|Decyclisation|||
N07-F09|Current|(2010-    )|Elimination/cleavage of N-functions||Applied in cases where dehydration results in a product formation. E.g. dehydration of ethanol fuel or manufacture of ethylene by dehydration of ethanol|
N07-F11|Current|(2014-    )|Desulfurization||Applied where desulfurization takes place within the molecule to give a new product.|
N07-G|Current|(2002-    )|Electrocatalytic reactions|||
N07-H|Current|(2002-    )|Co-ordination complex, organometallic complex, and salt formation reaction ||Co-ordination complex, organometallic complex, and salt formation reaction formed by the acid and base.|
N07-J|Current|(2002-    )|Catalyst use in the reactions of inorganic products|||
N07-K|Current|(2002-    )|Other chemical reactions|||
N07-K01|Current|(2010-    )|Catalyst used in Green Chemistry||A catalyst used in a chemical process where minimum or no by-products are generated. To be used in addition to other required N codes. See also E11-K03 and/or E11-W.|
N07-L|Current|(2002-    )|Other catalyst applications and uses - unclassified|||
N07-L01|Current|(2002-    )|Purification/waste disposal|||
N07-L01A|Current|(2002-    )|Catalytic combustion/oxidation of waste|||
N07-L01B|Current|(2002-    )|Water purification; wastewater treatment|||
N07-L01B1|Current|(2011-    )|Industrial effluent treatment|||
N07-L01C|Current|(2002-    )|Gas purification; waste gas treatment|||
N07-L01C1|Current|(2002-    )|Engine exhaust treatment|||
N07-L01D|Current|(2002-    )|Purification, (hydro)treatment of non-gaseous hydrocarbons|||
N07-L01E|Current|(2002-    )|Purification of other substances|||
N07-L02|Current|(2002-    )|Removal/treatment of impurities/compounds - general|||
N07-L02A|Current|(2002-    )|Removal/treatment of halogen (compounds)|||
N07-L02B|Current|(2002-    )|Removal/treatment of sulphur (compounds)|||
N07-L02C|Current|(2002-    )|Removal/treatment of nitrogen (compounds)|||
N07-L02D|Current|(2002-    )|Removal/treatment of carbon (compounds)|||
N07-L02E|Current|(2002-    )|Removal/treatment of metal (compounds)|||
N07-L02F|Current|(2002-    )|Removal/treatment of other impurities/compounds|||
N07-L03|Current|(2002-    )|Other processes/uses; general|||
N07-L03A|Current|(2002-    )|Batteries, fuels cells|||
N07-L03B|Current|(2010-    )|Detection processes|N07-L03|Applied for detection processes where catalysts other than micro-organisms are used for detection.|Promoter
P1|Current|(1980-    )|Agriculture, Food,Tobacco|||
P11|Old|(1980-2014)|Soil Working, Planting|||
P11|Current|(2015-    )|Soil Working, Planting||Electrical details are coded under X25-N01. From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of soil working and planting.|
P11-A|Current|(2015-    )|Soil working (mechanical)|||
P11-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Soil working using hand tools||Covers spades, shovels, hoes, rakes etc.|Rake
P11-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Soil working using ploughs||Includes man-driven ploughs, animal-driven ploughs, tractor-driven ploughs and self-driven ploughs. Also includes ploughs with rotary driven tools.|
P11-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Soil working using harrows||For the use of harrows in all soil working.|
P11-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Raking||Gatherers for removing stones, undesirable roots or the like from the soil, e.g. tractor-drawn rakes.|
P11-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Tilling||Includes soil preparations such as stirring and overturning of soil.|
P11-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Making, covering furrows||Includes the formation of furrows by digging or dragging soil or any other process. Also involves any process for covering furrows.|
P11-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of soil working||Includes aerating, thinning, loosening soil, etc. Also covers soil working using rollers, drags, etc.|Crumbler roller
P11-B|Current|(2015-    )|Treating and fertilizing soil|||
P11-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Fertilizing Soil||Includes application of fertilizers, manuring, using dung distributors, etc.|
P11-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Other fertilizer related topics||Includes other fertilizer related topics like dung storage, aerating etc.|
P11-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Treatment of soil with agricultural actives||Includes e.g. in-furrow treatment of fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, plant-growth-regulators, etc.|
P11-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Treatment of soil with other types of chemicals/gases/additives||Includes soil treatment with all other types of chemicals or additives, e.g. soil conditioning agents e.g. for increasing water retention of soils, or sterilizing soil by steam. Also includes stone powders.|
P11-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Covering soil||Includes covering soil by agricultural foils or mulch.|
P11-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of agricultural processes for soil treatment|||
P11-C|Current|(2015-    )|Planting and Sowing|||
P11-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Treatment of seeds||Includes coating / dressing seed, immunizing seed prior to planting.|
P11-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Germination of seeds||Includes germination of seeds and all testing or monitoring aspects of seeds before or during germination.|
P11-C03|Current|(2015-    )|Sowing and handling of seeds||Includes apparatus or methods for sowing/distribution of seeds and any other handling of seeds.|Seed sowing, seed handling
P11-C03A|Current|(2016-    )|Sowing||Includes sowing/distribution of seeds in earth or substrate.|Sowing
P11-C03B|Current|(2016-    )|Seed handling||Includes seed or seedling transfer apparatus or method.|Seed handling
P11-C04|Current|(2015-    )|Planting||Includes methods/tools for planting seedlings/plants incl. trees.|
P11-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of agricultural processes around sowing/planting|||
P11-E|Current|(2015-    )|Types of crop produced||Codes in this section are used only in combination with appropriate codes in P11-A to P11-C sections.|
P11-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Fruits and nuts|||
P11-E02|Current|(2015-    )|Vegetables and pulse Crops||Including vegetables, legumes, beans, sugar beet, etc.|
P11-E03|Current|(2015-    )|Cereals and grasses||Including e.g. sugar cane, bamboo, rice, etc.|
P11-E04|Current|(2015-    )|Oil seeds and oil fruits||Including e.g. rape, sunflower, olives, palm fruits, etc.|
P11-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Fiber plants||Including e.g. cotton, flax, sisal, etc.|
P11-E06|Current|(2015-    )|Tea, coffee and herbs||Including also hops, spices.|
P11-E07|Current|(2015-    )|Mushroom/Fungi|||
P11-E08|Current|(2015-    )|Flowers|||
P11-E99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of crops|||
P11-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of soil working and planting systems||Includes sharpening of blades, etc.|
P11-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of soil working machines, tools||These codes can be used in conjunction with other P11 codes to highlight the tool, e.g. blades for harrows are coded under P11-A03 and P11-T01.|
P11-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Blades, teeth, discs||Sharpening of teeth and blades are also coded under P11-G.|
P11-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Frame, beam, handle||Frames, beams, handles of equipment or tools for soil treating are coded here.|
P11-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Lifting or adjusting arrangements for agricultural machines or implements|||
P11-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Tractor or other driven soil working vehicle construction||Include parts and accessories to tractors for the purpose of soil working, e.g. coupling devices between tractor and machine/tool device.|
P11-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of soil working machines or tools||Includes devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements.|
P12|Old|(1980-2014)|Harvesting|||
P12|Current|(2015-    )|Harvesting||Includes all stages of harvesting, instruments and machinery used, types of produce harvested. From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of harvesting.|
P12-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of instruments and machinery for harvesting|||
P12-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Hand instruments for harvesting||Includes hand-cutting tools, such as scythes, rakes, forks, etc.|Sickles, knives
P12-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Machines for harvesting; mowing||Includes digging machines, topping machines, mowers, lifters and harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices, or with apparatus performing additional operations while cutting, e.g. with haymakers or dispensing apparatus for e.g. fertilizers, herbicides etc. Also include equipment for binding, packing or storing harvested produce.|Potato ploughs, grain crop lifters, combine harvester/mower, packers, knotters, needles, discharge arms, containers, sheaf counters, outside dividers
P12-E|Current|(2015-    )|Types of crop harvested|||
P12-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Fruits and nuts|||
P12-E02|Current|(2015-    )|Vegetables and pulse crops||Including vegetables, legumes, beans, sugar beet, etc.|
P12-E03|Current|(2015-    )|Cereals and grasses||Including e.g. sugar cane, bamboo, rice, etc.|
P12-E04|Current|(2015-    )|Oil seeds and oil fruits||Including e.g. rape, sunflower, olives, palm fruits, etc.|
P12-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Fiber plants||Including e.g. cotton, flax, sisal, etc.|
P12-E06|Current|(2015-    )|Tea, coffee and herbs||Including also hops, spices.|
P12-E07|Current|(2015-    )|Mushroom/Fungi|||
P12-E08|Current|(2015-    )|Flowers|||
P12-E99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of crops|||
P12-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of harvesting tools and machines|||
P12-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of harvesting tools and machines|||
P12-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Conveyors and other delivering mechanisms for harvesting machines|||Conveyors, bunchers, standers, reels
P12-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Sieving and separating mechanisms for harvesting machines||For separating stones or foliage etc.|
P12-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Centrifugal wheels, drums, or spinners|||Scoop wheels, scoop tines, screening wheels
P12-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Safety mechanisms|||
P12-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of harvesting tools or machines|||
P13|Old|(1980-2014)|Plant culture, dairy products|||
P13|Current|(2015-    )|Plant culture, dairy products||Covers horticulture, agriculture, new plants and processes, dairy products, etc. From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of plant culture and dairy products.|
P13-A|Current|(2015-    )|Horticulture, Agriculture||Apart from Soil working / Harvesting (P11/P12).|
P13-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Greenhouse cultivation||P13-A01 is a general code for greenhouses or greenhouse cultivation, used when specific codes below are not applied. P13-A01 is also used when novel greenhouse is claimed as a whole.|
P13-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Regulation of temperature in greenhouse||Heating, cooling.|
P13-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Regulation of light in greenhouse||Regulation of light intensity or wavelength, artificial lighting.|
P13-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Regulation of ventilation/gases in greenhouse||Ventilation and controlling gas supply to greenhouses (e.g. CO2).|
P13-A01D|Current|(2015-    )|Regulation of watering in greenhouse||Watering methods/installations in greenhouses.|
P13-A01E|Current|(2015-    )|Monitoring, measuring, testing methods in greenhouses||Includes methods and apparatus for monitoring greenhouse atmosphere or plant parameters.|
P13-A01F|Current|(2015-    )|Other equipment or methods used for green houses||E.g. conveyors in greenhouses.|
P13-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Plant receptacles, supports and barriers||Includes all containers, supports and barriers for plants.|
P13-A02A|Current|(2016-    )|Pots, tubs and trays||Includes all plant containers.|
P13-A02B|Current|(2016-    )|Trellis, supports and barriers||Includes damage protection barriers, root barriers for containment or protection, tree supports, climbing/growth supports etc.|Tree support, root barrier, trellis
P13-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Forestry||Includes planting, transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees. See also P11 class for planting of trees.|
P13-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Methods and apparatus for plant protection||Includes methods for treatment of plants for protection against diseases/insects (e.g. using sprayers) or other dangers; treating plants using gases; generating heat, smoke, or fog in gardens, orchards, or forests. Also includes apparatus e.g. sprayers.|
P13-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Methods and apparatus for plant feeding||Includes methods for feeding of plants as far as not covered in P11 e.g. methods for foliar treatments e.g. using sprayers. Also includes apparatus, e.g. spreaders or sprayers etc.|
P13-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Water supply and management||Includes watering gardens, fields, sports grounds, plant pots etc. Also methods or systems for reducing water run-off, evaporation, etc.|
P13-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Other methods and apparatus for modifying growth of plants||Includes chemical or mechanical methods for modifying growth of plants except for protecting or feeding of plants (covered in P13-A04 and P13-A05 codes). Includes pruning. Also includes any tools or apparatus used for modifying plant growth.|
P13-A08|Current|(2015-    )|Methods and apparatus for monitoring status of crops and fields||Monitoring e.g. disease activity, growth and health of plant, humidity, temperature etc. Also includes any equipment used to monitor growth activity or conditions.|
P13-A10|Current|(2016-    )|Flower handling||Includes apparatus or methods for flower arranging, binding bouquets or wreaths, all aspects of flower preserving etc.|Flower bouquet, floral wreath, flower preserve
P13-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other horticulture or agriculture aspects||Includes other types of agricultural or horticultural methods or equipment not covered elsewhere.|
P13-B|Current|(2015-    )|Plant propagation and modification||This section includes plant propagation and processes for modifying genotypes, phenotypes or plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques etc.|
P13-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Propagation of vegetative material||Propagation from seeds, cuttings, bulbs, artificial or natural dispersal of plants. Includes e.g. propagation by scions, tissue culture, grafting, extraction and germination of material from plant buds, creating "artificial seed material", etc. For regular seed planting (see P11 class).|
P13-B02|Current|(2015-    )|New plants or plant breeds||Includes methods using selection, hybridization or genetic engineering to modify or produce new plants.|
P13-E|Current|(2015-    )|Types of crop cultivated|||
P13-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Fruits and nuts|||
P13-E02|Current|(2015-    )|Vegetables and pulse crops||Includes vegetables, legumes, beans, sugar beet, etc.|
P13-E03|Current|(2015-    )|Cereals and grasses||Includes e.g. sugar cane, bamboo, rice, etc.|
P13-E04|Current|(2015-    )|Oil seeds and oil fruits||Includes e.g. rape, sunflower, olives, palm fruits, etc.|
P13-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Fiber plants||Includes e.g. cotton, flax, sisal, etc.|
P13-E06|Current|(2015-    )|Tea, coffee and herbs||Includes also hops, spices.|
P13-E07|Current|(2015-    )|Mushroom/Fungi|||
P13-E08|Current|(2015-    )|Flowers|||
P13-E99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of crops|||
P13-F|Current|(2015-    )|Dairy products|||
P13-F01|Current|(2015-    )|Milking and primary milk treatment||Includes machines for milking or hand milking devices. Also includes primary milk treatment, i.e. sterilizing/pasteurizing processes.|
P13-F02|Current|(2015-    )|Secondary milk treatment||Includes cream, butter and cheese manufacture. Includes kneading machines or hand devices for butter, devices for shaping butter or cheese, tanks for treatment of cream, etc.|Cheese coating
P13-F50|Current|(2015-    )|Characterized by dairy product|||
P13-F50A|Current|(2015-    )|Milk|||
P13-F50B|Current|(2015-    )|Cream|||
P13-F50C|Current|(2015-    )|Butter|||
P13-F50D|Current|(2015-    )|Cheese|||
P13-F50X|Current|(2015-    )|Other dairy products|||
P13-F99|Current|(2015-    )|Other dairy product processing||Includes extraction of nutrients from dairy products, fat skimming etc.|
P13-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of equipment||This code should be used in conjunction with other P13 codes.|
P14|Old|(1980-2014)|Animal Care|||
P14|Current|(2015-    )|Animal management and care|||
P14-A|Current|(2015-    )|Animal husbandry|||
P14-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Housing and fencing; Animal training||Includes items for taming animals, such as nose-rings or hobbles.|Wing clamps
P14-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Housing and fencing||Includes pigsties, dog kennels, rabbit hutches, and the cleaning equipment. Also includes tethering poles, incubators, floor grids for preventing cattle from straying (details of electrical fencing are coded under X25-X11 and X25-N02C), etc. Incubators are also coded under P14-A05. Insect/vermin traps placed in animal shelters should be coded in both P14-A01A and P14-B01. Also includes animal transit boxes, such as dog cages and crates.|Pasture, bird cages, chicken coops, brooders, poultry runs, dovecots, beehives, artificial honeycombs, rearing-boxes, aquaria, terraria, pens
P14-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Animal Training|||Mazes, labyrinths
P14-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Feeding and drinking|||Feed troughs, feed pails, licking stone holders
P14-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Washing and grooming||Includes curry-combs, fetlock rings, tail-holders, protection against weather conditions or insects. Also includes tools, such as clippers and shavers, for removing fleece from sheep, etc.|Dehorners, horn trainers
P14-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Animal wear, including horse tack||Includes horse blankets/covers, hoods, blinders/blinkers, saddles, etc. Also includes leads for pets and jackets for dogs and cats.|Muzzles, collars
P14-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Animal breeding equipment||Includes rearing or breeding of animals, including new breeds of animals, and devices for assisting or preventing mating.|Incubators
P14-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Shoeing||Covers shoeing of horses but also other animals such as oxen, etc. Includes horseshoes, horseshoe nails and tools used by a farrier, such as elastic inserts, calks, studs, etc.|Soles, ice-spurs, hoof care
P14-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Milking||Electrical details of milking are covered by X25-N02B.|Milking station
P14-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other details of animal husbandry||Includes marking of animals, devices for sorting and cleaning eggs, tools for collecting honey, bee-smokers, bee-keepers' accessories, such as veils, etc. Also includes animal transport, such as safety harnesses, car guards, animal ramps, restraints, etc.|Manure pouch, urine pouch, honey strainers, carriers
P14-B|Current|(2015-    )|Catching, hunting, trapping or scaring of animals; Fishing|||
P14-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Scaring, catching or killing of animals||Includes devices for attracting insects, devices for dispensing poison, bird-scarers, traps, etc. Also includes hunting appliances, such as shooting stands, beater rattles, decoys, etc. This code can be used with P14-E codes to highlight the type of animals scared, caught or killed. Insect/vermin traps placed in animal shelters should be coded in both P14-A01A and P14-B01.|Fly papers, fly-swatters, nets, fumigators, flame-throwers, scarecrow
P14-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Fishing||Includes fishing nets, artificial baits, fishing rods.|Landing-spoons, fish-spears, fishing lines
P14-E|Current|(2015-    )|Types of animals|||
P14-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Classes of animals|||
P14-E01A|Current|(2015-    )|Mammals|||
P14-E01B|Current|(2015-    )|Birds|||Aviculture
P14-E01C|Current|(2015-    )|Fish|||
P14-E01D|Current|(2015-    )|Reptiles|||
P14-E01E|Current|(2015-    )|Amphibians|||
P14-E01F|Current|(2015-    )|Invertebrates||Includes insects, millipedes, shrimps, crabs, spiders, scorpions, etc.|Crustaceans, apiculture, mussels
P14-E02|Current|(2015-    )|Primary use of animals|||
P14-E02A|Current|(2015-    )|Livestock; Farming||Includes cattle, pisciculture, aviculture, poultry, etc.|Horse, cows, sheep, pigs, fish-farming, bee-keeping
P14-E02B|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic pets|||Cats, dogs, ferrets, guinea pigs, mice, fish, chameleons
P14-E02C|Current|(2015-    )|Laboratory animals|||
P14-E02X|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific uses of animals|||
P14-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of equipment for animal care|||
P14-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other details of animal care|||
P15|Old|(1980-2014)|Tobacco|||
P15|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco||From 201501, electronic cigarettes will not carry a P15 class anymore, but will solely be coded under X27-A02F.|
P15-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of tobacco|||
P15-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco for pipes, cigars and cigarettes|||Kretek, beedi, bidi
P15-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Chewing tobacco; Snuff||Includes dipping tobacco.|Tobacco gum, snus
P15-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Non-consumable tobacco||Includes tobacco water and topical tobacco paste.|
P15-A09|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific types of tobacco|||
P15-L|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco harvesting and processing|||
P15-L01|Current|(2015-    )|Planting, irrigation and harvesting of tobacco||Electric details of soil working and harvesting are coded under X25-N.|
P15-L05|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco processing||Includes sifting, sorting, removing impurities from tobacco, blending, roasting, cooling, stripping and cutting tobacco. Also includes arrangements for feeding tobacco leaves in the cutting apparatus and other tools used during the tobacco processing. Includes chemical and bio-chemical treatment of tobacco, e.g. to form reconstituted tobacco. Electrical details of tobacco manufacturing are coded under X25-P03.|Cleaning, curing, flavoring, puffing, crimpling, tobacco-twisting
P15-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of cigars and cigarettes||Includes forming tobacco bunches followed rolling, curing and wrapping final cigars. Also includes forming paper tubes, filling tubes, conveying cigarettes, branding each cigarettes and packaging finished products. Packing details are coded under Q31 to Q34 codes, and electrical details of packing are also coded under X25-F03A. Also includes hand-driven devices for making cigarettes, such as cigarette rolling machines, rolling boxes, etc.|Packaging, rolling mat, rolling tray
P15-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of tobacco products and related accessories|||
P15-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Filter tips; Mouthpieces|||
P15-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Cigarette paper and tubes|||
P15-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco smoking paraphernalia||Includes pipes, hookahs, arghilas, etc. Includes support and cleaning implements, and seasoning of tobacco pipes. Mouthpieces of pipes are also coded under P15-T01.|Bowl, pipe cleaner, pipe tamper
P15-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Packaging of tobacco products||Includes bands for cigars or cigarettes, and boxes for cigarette and cigarette papers. Packaging details are also covered under Q32, Q33 and Q34.|Cigar case, tobacco pouch
P15-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details||Includes matchboxes, tobacco stoppers, cigar/cigarette holders, ashtrays, cigar cutters, device for producing smoke images/rings, lighters, etc. Electrical details of lighters are coded under X27-G01.|Cigar slitters/perforators, humidors
P15-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other tobacco aspects|||
P2|Current|(1980-    )|Personal, Domestic|||
P21|Old|(1980-2014)|Wearing Apparel|||
P21|Current|(2015-    )|Wearing Apparel||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of clothes. Electrical details are covered by X27-A02B codes.|
P21-A|Current|(2015-    )|T-Shirts, shirts and vests||Includes blouses, jerseys, sweaters, etc.|Cardigan
P21-B|Current|(2015-    )|Trousers and shorts; Skirts and dresses|||
P21-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Trousers and shorts||Includes dungarees.|Bermuda, leggings, jeggings, chinos
P21-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Skirts and dresses|||Minis, micros, kilts
P21-C|Current|(2015-    )|Coats and jackets||Includes overcoats, raincoats, capes, etc.|Overgarment
P21-D|Current|(2015-    )|Sportswear (excludes sport shoes)||Includes swimwear (including swimming aids), wristbands and headbands used during sporting activities, etc. Swimming aids are also coded under P21-N. Sport shoes, e.g. running shoes, are coded under P22 only. Swimming gloves, boxing/golf gloves are also coded under P21-H.|Bathing suits, trunks
P21-E|Current|(2015-    )|Undergarments; Hosiery; Nightwear||Includes underwear, bathrobes, pyjamas, nightdresses, nursing bras (also coded under P21-K), legwarmers, etc. Socks are also coded under P22-C. Also includes absorbing material embedded in e.g. underwear. Diapers are also coded in P32-A60.|Corsets, brassieres, knickers, underpants, petticoat, panti-hose, tights, stay-ups, stockings, drawers, girdles
P21-F|Current|(2015-    )|Headwear||Includes hats, caps, helmets (including chin straps and visors), wigs, masks and dominoes, veils and fascinators. Also includes artificial eyelashes and eyebrows.|Toupee, hair extensions, hairpiece
P21-H|Current|(2015-    )|Gloves and scarves; Ties and bow-ties||Includes operating gloves, swimming gloves, baseball/boxing/golf gloves, etc. Sporting gloves are also coded under P21-D.|Snood, mittens, head-scarf, necktie
P21-K|Current|(2015-    )|Baby/children clothes and linen||Includes bodysuits, swaddling cloths, bibs, etc. Nursing bras are also coded under P21-E. Also includes maternity clothing.|
P21-L|Current|(2015-    )|Belts, suspenders and other fasteners||Includes braces, suspenders for socks or stockings. Also includes trouser clips used by cyclists.|Shoulder strap
P21-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of clothes||Electrical details of clothes manufacturing are coded under X25-T codes. Includes tracing wheels, cloth holders, cushions or boxes for needles and pins, etc. Also includes patterns, dress forms and bust forms.|Tailor aids
P21-N|Current|(2015-    )|Protective clothing||Includes overalls, apron, knee protectors, etc. Also includes swimming aids. Safety shoes are coded under P22-F04 only.|Face masks, gaiters, surgeon gown, protective gloves, helmet
P21-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details||This code should be used in conjunction with other P21 codes to highlight the garment.|
P21-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Collars, sleeves and pockets||Includes cuffs and lining.|Closures, collar-studs, stiffeners, armhole
P21-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional materials||Includes novel materials only. Can be used in conjunction with other P21 codes to indicate material application.|
P21-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific constructional details|||
P21-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other wearing apparel||Includes handkerchiefs and artificial or natural feathers and flowers.|
P22|Old|(1980-2014)|Footwear|||
P22|Current|(2015-    )|Footwear||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of footwear. Electrical details are covered by X27-A02B1B.|
P22-A|Current|(2015-    )|Shoes and sandals||Includes slippers and trainers. Sport shoes are also coded under P22-F03. Also includes over-shoes.|Brogues, court shoes, flats, loafers, pumps, wedges, clogs, mules, ballerina, slip-on, dockside, flip-flops
P22-B|Current|(2015-    )|Boots||Includes safety boots (see also P22-F04 for safety shoes).|Ankle boots, knee-length boots, rubber boots, booties, thigh-high, knee-high, cowboy boots
P22-C|Current|(2015-    )|Socks||Hosiery e.g. tights and stockings, is coded under P21-E01. Includes arrangements for securing socks to the shoes.|
P22-F|Current|(2015-    )|Main types of footwear|||
P22-F01|Current|(2015-    )|Shoes for babies and children|||
P22-F02|Current|(2015-    )|Shoes for dolls and other toys|||
P22-F03|Current|(2015-    )|Sport shoes||Includes shoes and boots for activities such as athletic events, ball games, cycling, climbing, skiing, skating and dancing.|Ballet
P22-F04|Current|(2015-    )|Safety shoes, e.g. hospital footwear||Sport shoes, such as football shoes, are coded under P22-F03 only.|Nursing clogs, theatre mules, surgical clogs, safety boots
P22-F05|Current|(2015-    )|Orthopaedic shoes||Includes ventilated shoes, shoes with specific foot-supporting parts or shock absorbers, etc.|Insert, in-step support, toe spacer, toe spreader
P22-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of footwear||Electrical details of clothes manufacturing are coded under X25-T codes. Includes machines for making laces.|Goodyear welt, lasts, shoemaking, presses, flexing, shoe gluing, heel cutter
P22-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of footwear|||
P22-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Soles, insoles and heels||Includes details of separate inserts and detachable wheels attached on reverse of soles.|Stiffener
P22-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Uppers, boot legs and tongues||Includes sandal straps (also coded under P22-T05).|
P22-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Welt and Lining|||
P22-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Laces and other fastenings||Includes hooks and eyelets for laces, zips, snap buttons, buckles, fastening with toggle levers, etc.|Hook and loop fastener, slide/glide fastener
P22-T06|Current|(2015-    )|Wear-resisting and safety arrangements||Includes non-skip attachments, such as ice-spikes, spurs, studs, etc.|Steel toe cap, metal plate, skid-proof
P22-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel footwear materials||Includes novel materials used to form footwear. Can be used in conjunction with other P22-T codes to indicate material application.|
P22-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details||Includes decorative buckles.|
P23|Old|(1980-2014)|Haberdashery and Jewellery|||
P23|Current|(2015-    )|Haberdashery and Jewellery||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of haberdashery and jewellery. Electrical details of jewellery are covered by X27-A02B2.|
P23-A|Current|(2015-    )|Haberdashery||Includes all types of closures. Tools used to manufacture clothes, such as tracing wheels, cloth holders, cushions or boxes for needles and pins, etc are coded under P21-M.|
P23-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Buttons||Includes press-buttons, and collar studs.|Press-studs, snap fasteners
P23-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Cuff-links|||Sleeve-links
P23-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Retainers for ties and cravats||Includes retainers for neckties, cravats, neckerchiefs, such as tie-clips, spring clips, etc.|Tie pin
P23-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Pins||Includes hat pins, scarf pins and safety pins. Tie pins are also coded under P23-A04.|Brooches
P23-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Buckles|||
P23-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Zippers and other slide fasteners|||Fly
P23-A08|Current|(2015-    )|Hook and eye fasteners; hook and loop fastener||Includes touch-and-close fasteners.|
P23-A50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional materials for haberdashery||This code should be used in conjunction with other P23-A codes.|
P23-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of haberdashery||Includes key-rings, and cards for buttons, collar-studs or sleeve-links.|
P23-C|Current|(2015-    )|Jewellery and Coins|||
P23-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Brooches, Clips, Medals and Badges||Brooches are also coded under P23-A05.|
P23-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Bracelets, Necklaces, Pendant and Charms||Includes fastening arrangements for bracelets and wrist-watch straps. Pendants are coded under P23-C04 only. Constructional details of watches are coded under S04-A.|Rosaries, chains, watch-chains
P23-C03|Current|(2015-    )|Rings, Earrings and Body piercing||Includes rings worn around the finger or toe. Also includes equipment for piercing the ear-lobes.|Finger rings, toe rings, signet ring, piercing rings, piercing bar
P23-C15|Current|(2015-    )|Safety arrangements||Includes arrangements for securing the item of jewellery, e.g. bracelet, to the wearer to prevent loss or theft.|Safety chains
P23-C30|Current|(2015-    )|Coins||Includes gambling coins, slot machine tokens, cart tokens.|
P23-C50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional materials for jewellery and coins||This code should be used in conjunction with other P23-C codes.|
P23-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of jewellery||Includes connectible jewellery, and fancy wear such as crosses and crucifixes.|
P23-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of haberdashery and jewellery||This code should be used in conjunction with P23-A or P23-C codes.|
P24|Old|(1980-2014)|Hand and Travelling Articles; Brushes|||
P24|Current|(2015-    )|Hand and Travelling Articles; Brushes||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of clothes. Electrical details are covered by X27 codes.|
P24-A|Current|(2015-    )|Walking Sticks, Umbrellas and Handheld Fans|||
P24-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Walking sticks||Includes walking aids for blind persons, and walking sticks convertible into seats. Walking sticks convertible into umbrellas are also coded under P24-A02. Electric details of walking sticks are coded under X27-A02E.|Hunting sticks
P24-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Umbrellas||Walking sticks convertible into umbrellas are also coded under P24-A01. Electrical details of umbrellas are coded under X27-A02.|Parasol
P24-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Handheld fans|||
P24-B|Current|(2015-    )|Purses, Luggage, Handheld Bags and Cases||Includes shopping bags, handbags, beach bags, bags for shoes, rigid and semi-rigid luggage items, such as suitcases, trunks, travelling baskets, sleeves or socks for mobile phones, etc. Also includes sacks that can be transformed into a different article, such as a rucksack turning into a tent, a mattress, a coat, a sleeping bag, etc. This type of bag is also coded under P24-D (camping equipment). Also includes boxes or cases for specific items, such as hat boxes, cases for telescopes, pocket holders for stamps or coins, jewel boxes, water-tight boxes used during swimming, key wallet, camera cases, etc. Make-up boxes and lipstick cases are coded under P24-C04.|Backpack, money-bag, wallet, guitar case, spectacle case, watch case, picnic box, protective shell, storage box
P24-C|Current|(2015-    )|Hairdressing and Shaving Equipment; Beauty and Cosmetic Treatment|||
P24-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Hairdressing Equipment||Includes equipment for hair-curling or hair-waving, hair pins, hair grips, hair combs, and equipment for hair salons, such as backward lavabos, hair-coloring caps, spray heads, hairdressers' chairs or portable wash stands. Also includes processes for waving, straightening or curling hair, such as chemical processes, and equipment used for attaching/removing hair extensions. Hairbrushes are also coded under P24-E.|Hair clamps, hair clasps, hair nets, hair protecting caps, hair extensions, eyelash curler
P24-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Shaving Equipment||Includes gloves or brush used for lathering, shaving mugs, containers for storing shaving paraphernalia. Also includes tweezers. Details of electric razors are coded under X27-A02A3B.|Shaving mirrors, skin stretchers, shaving brush
P24-C03|Current|(2015-    )|Manicure and Pedicure Equipment||Includes nail clippers and nail files, cuticle sticks, finger-supports, and boxes for storing manicure/pedicure equipment. Also include artificial nails.|Nail cutters, nail-tip shapers
P24-C04|Current|(2015-    )|Accessories/Container for Toilet/Cosmetic Products||Includes accessories such as powder puffs, masks for marking lips or eyelashes, etc. Also includes containers such as perfume bottles, make-up boxes, lipstick, boxes for shaving soap, container for artificial teeth, etc. Details of packaging for cosmetic products are coded under Q32 to Q34 codes.|Cosmetic box
P24-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other toilet/cosmetic Equipment||Includes pocket mirrors (shaving mirrors are also coded under P24-C02).|Hand mirror
P24-D|Current|(2015-    )|Camping Equipment||Includes tents, water bottles, hammocks, hanging seats, mosquito nets, mini camping stoves, metal plates and mugs, etc. Bags, such as rucksacks convertible into e.g. a tent, a mattress, etc, are also coded under P24-B02. Also includes attachments for fastening e.g. books, hats, etc to the tent, or hammocks, etc.|Tent spikes
P24-E|Current|(2015-    )|Brushes||Includes details of bristles, handles, integrated reservoir for e.g. paint, paste, water. Also includes paint rollers and accessories for brushes, such as protective covers and special devices for cleaning brushes after use. Details of electric toothbrushes are coded under X27-A02A3A.|Toothbrush, paint brush, hair brush, comb
P24-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture details||This code should be used in conjunction with P24 codes.|
P25|Old|(1980-2014)|Office Furniture|||
P25|Current|(2015-    )|Office and Home Furniture||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of office and home furniture. Electrical details are covered by X27-A03. Does not include chairs, beds, sofas and mattresses; these are coded under P26 codes only. P25 codes cover tables, wardrobes and cabinets.|
P25-A|Current|(2015-    )|Tables||Includes benches combined with desks, such as school desks.|Nesting table, wall table
P25-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Types of tables|||
P25-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Desks||Includes school desks, writing tables, drawing desks, pulpits and lecterns. Desks for computers are also coded under T04-L codes.|School bench, workstation, conference table, computer desk
P25-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Bedside tables||Dressing tables are also coded under P25-C01C.|
P25-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Garden tables|||
P25-A01D|Current|(2015-    )|Dining/breakfast tables||Includes tables for restaurants and dining rooms. Also includes food trays.|Kitchen table, breakfast bar, coffee table
P25-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific type of tables||Includes sewing tables, tea trolleys and game tables. Also includes operating table.|Card table, ironing table, billiard table
P25-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Components of tables|||
P25-A02A|Current|(2015-    )|Table tops|||
P25-A02B|Current|(2015-    )|Legs and underframe|||Feet
P25-A02C|Current|(2015-    )|Drawers||Includes sliding arrangements and handles of drawers.|Sliding tray
P25-A02D|Current|(2015-    )|Arrangements for modifying the size of the table||Includes folding and extending arrangements.|Stowable table, extensible table, drop-leaves, telescopic table
P25-A02X|Current|(2015-    )|Other components of tables|||
P25-B|Current|(2015-    )|Wardrobes||Includes details of doors, hanging arrangements, interior drawers and wardrobe fixings such as hinges and handles. Also includes mirror attached to the doors.|
P25-C|Current|(2015-    )|Cabinets||Includes racks and shelf units.|Cupboard
P25-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Types of cabinets|||
P25-C01A|Current|(2015-    )|Bookshelves and office cabinets|||Bookcase
P25-C01B|Current|(2015-    )|Kitchen and bathroom cabinets||Includes cocktail cabinets, cabinet for perishable items, such as meat safes, bottle racks, and fruit or vegetable storage cabinets.|Welsh dresser, medicine cabinet
P25-C01C|Current|(2015-    )|Bedroom and dining room cabinets||Includes chests of drawers, dressing tables (also coded under P25-A01B) and bedside cabinets. Also includes television stands (see also W03-A09C), radio stand, record cabinets.|
P25-C01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific types of cabinets||Includes shoe cabinets and racks for skis or guns.|
P25-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Components of cabinets||Includes systems for modifying the size of the cabinet.|Structural elements
P25-C02A|Current|(2015-    )|Feet and Casing|||Carcass, partition wall, upright, strut
P25-C02B|Current|(2015-    )|Shelves arrangements||Includes book-ends. Shelving systems for e.g. supermarkets are also coded under P27-A01.|Book trough
P25-C02C|Current|(2015-    )|Drawers and doors||Includes sliding arrangements.|
P25-C02D|Current|(2015-    )|Handles and other fittings|||Knobs, keyplate, ornaments
P25-C02X|Current|(2015-    )|Other components of cabinets|||
P25-L|Current|(2015-    )|Convertible/stackable furniture; multi-purpose furniture||Includes furniture that can be converted into other types of furniture. This code can be used in conjunction with other P25 codes to highlight the different functions. Also includes dual-purpose furniture, e.g. a table combined with a seat.|
P25-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of office and domestic tables, wardrobes and cabinets||This code should be used in conjunction with other P25 codes.|
P25-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other home and office furniture||Does not include chairs, beds, sofas and mattresses; these are coded under P26 codes only. Includes easels or stands for maps, blackboards, etc.|Umbrella stand
P26|Old|(1980-2014)|Chairs, Sofas and Beds|||
P26|Current|(2015-    )|Chairs, Sofas and Beds||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of chairs, sofa and beds. Electrical details are covered by X27-A03. Does not include tables, wardrobes and cabinets; these are coded under P25 codes only. P26 codes cover chairs, beds, sofas, mattresses and all furniture for babies and children. Prior to 2012, details of upholstery were coded under Q39.|Upholstery
P26-A|Current|(2015-    )|Chairs and benches|||Stool, hassock, rocking chair, seat
P26-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Types of chairs and benches||Children chairs are also coded under P26-E.|
P26-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Home or office chairs||Includes garden chairs.|Workshop, high chair
P26-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Hairdressers, barbers or dentist chairs||Includes disabled chairs. Electrical details of disabled chairs and dentist chairs are coded under S05-K and S05-E01, respectively.|Operating chair
P26-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Theatre/cinema/church benches and chairs||Includes chairs/stools for restaurants.|Stadium chair, tipping-up chair, confessional bench, prayer stool, kneeling stool, public bench
P26-A01D|Current|(2015-    )|Folding and collapsible chairs|||Camping chair, garden chair, beach chair, trunk chair, inflatable chair
P26-A01F|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicle seats||Includes seats for cars, bikes, scooters, etc. See also Q14-A.|
P26-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of chairs|||Milking stool, music stool, bean bag, rocking chair
P26-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of chairs and benches|||
P26-A10A|Current|(2015-    )|Seats, armrests, headrests and backrests||Includes details of folding and reclining arrangements, and seat padding. Footrests are coded under P26-A10B only.|Frame, cushion, back support
P26-A10B|Current|(2015-    )|Legs and feet||Includes footrests.|Caster wheel
P26-A10X|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of chairs and benches||Includes hooks to attach bag or coat, such as on theatre chairs. Also includes protective covers, e.g. to protect against rain.|Cup holder
P26-B|Current|(2015-    )|Sofas and beds|||Divan
P26-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Sofas||Includes armrests, footrests, hidden storage, feet and legs.|Couch, settee, armchair
P26-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Beds||Includes bedsteads and headboards. Beds installed in vehicles are also coded under Q14-B.|Cots, day-bed, wall bed, hammock, suspended bed
P26-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Sofa-beds, chair-beds and wardrobe-beds||Includes folding arrangements.|Futon, cabinet bed, table bed, trunk bed
P26-C|Current|(2015-    )|Mattresses and cushions||Includes spring, foam or fluid mattresses. Pillows are coded under P27-B02. Seat cushions of chairs are also coded under P26-A10A.|
P26-E|Current|(2015-    )|Furniture for children||This code can be used in conjunction with P25 or other P26 codes to highlight the piece of furniture, e.g. chair, bed, etc. Includes high chairs, cradles, cots, but also other nursery accessories such as baby carriers, playpens, safety harnesses, etc. Electrical details of baby equipment are coded under X27-X01.|Dressing table, changing table, rocking chair, carry-cot
P26-F|Current|(2015-    )|Accessories for chairs, benches, sofas, beds and mattresses||This code is used in conjunction with P26-A or P26-B codes. Includes loose furniture covers and insect nets (see also P27-C). Bedspreads are also covered under P27-B02.|Throw
P26-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of chairs, sofas and beds||This code should be used in conjunction with other P26 codes.|
P27|Old|(1980-2014)|Shop, household, furnishing, upholstery||Covers upholstery from 201201, prior to 2012 this was classified in Q39.|
P27|Current|(2015-    )|Shops and Household Furnishing||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of shop and household furnishing. Electric details are coded under X27.|
P27-A|Current|(2015-    )|Furniture and fittings for shops, restaurants and warehouses||Tables and chairs are coded under P25-A and P26-A, respectively.|
P27-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Racks and cabinets for displaying merchandise||Includes dispensers for granulated materials, vending jars, display stands, dummies, etc. Refrigerated cabinets are also coded under X27-F.|Showcase, bust, wire figure, shop window display
P27-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Shop, bar or bank counters||Includes paying counters.|Check-out counter
P27-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other furniture and fittings for shops, restaurants and warehouses|||Changing rooms
P27-B|Current|(2015-    )|Household and table equipment||Cookware, such as pots and pans, are coded under P28-A02 only. Details of tables per se are coded under P25-A.|
P27-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Mirrors and picture frames||Shaving mirrors are coded under P24-C02.|
P27-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Bed linen and towels||Includes bedspreads, sleeping bags, blankets, pillows and travelling rugs. Cushions are coded under P26-C02. Paper towels are coded under P28-B03.|Throw
P27-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Tableware, glassware, cutlery and table linen||Includes plates, bowls, serving dishes, glasses, jugs, cups, etc. Also includes table linen, such as napkins and tablecloths, and tea/coffee pot cosies.|Knives, forks, spoons, wine decanter, crockery, tea pot, egg cup, sugar tongs, serving tray, drinking straw
P27-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Carpets and rugs||Includes stair runners and stair rods.|
P27-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Clothes hangers and racks||Includes clothes racks, hat rack, coat hangers, umbrella stands, shoe horns, etc.|Hat holder, necktie holder, shoe rack
P27-B06|Current|(2015-    )|Religious decorations||Includes altars, Christmas trees, Christmas decorations, religious shrines, fonts, etc.|Christmas tree stand
P27-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other household and table equipment||Includes screens such as fire screens, flower vases, wall boards, paper baskets, key holders, letter boxes, etc.|
P27-C|Current|(2015-    )|Curtains and blinds||Includes curtain rods/rails, pelmets, runners, gliders, and arrangements for opening/closing blinds and curtains. Electrical details are coded under X27-T. Also includes mosquito nets (see also P26-F when the net is attached to e.g. a bed).|Pleat curtain tape, net curtain
P27-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of shops and household furnishing||This code should be used in conjunction with other P27 codes.|
P28|Old|(1980-2014)|Kitchen and Sanitary Equipment|||
P28|Current|(2015-    )|Kitchen and Sanitary Equipment||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of kitchen and sanitary equipment. Electrical details are covered by X27 codes.|
P28-A|Current|(2015-    )|Kitchen equipment||Electrical kitchen appliances, such as toaster or coffee machines, are coded under X27-B. Cooking appliances are coded under X27-C. All details of refrigerators are coded under X27-F. Tableware, such a crockery, cutlery and glassware, are coded under P27-B03 only.|
P28-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Food and beverages preparation||Includes kitchen gadgets and utensils such as vegetable slicers, juicers, garlic presses, zesters, egg slicers, ladles, mechanical timers and scales, etc. Also includes cafetieres and espresso makers.|Citrus peeler, tin/can opener, coffee grinder, salt and pepper grinder, egg whisk, nutcracker, sifter, coffee mill
P28-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Cookware and ovenware||Includes saucepans, woks, oven trays, casseroles, poachers, fish tins, etc. Also includes dish warmers and barbecues.|Frying pan
P28-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Kitchen storage||Includes bread bins, spice racks, plastic containers for food, etc.|Bread box
P28-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other kitchen equipment||Includes holders for cooking books, oven gloves, aprons, vacuum flasks, splashguard for sink, etc.|Cutting board
P28-B|Current|(2015-    )|Sanitary equipment and toilet accessories||Bathroom cabinets are coded under P25-C only.|
P28-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Wash-stands and sinks||Also includes stoppers for sinks and baths, and bathroom cabinets placed underneath sinks.|Wash-basin
P28-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Baths and showers||Includes bidets, shower screens, shower curtains, and anti-slip mats, etc. Bath stoppers are included in P28-B01. Electric details of baths and showers are coded under X27-A02A4.|Bath feet
P28-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Bathroom accessories and linen||Includes soap and toothpaste dispensers, soap holders and dishes, towels, toilet roll and towel holders/racks. Also includes washing accessories such as bathing sponges. Towels and anti-slip mats placed in the bath are also coded under P27-B02.|Loofah, shower cap, toothbrush holder, bath mats, bathroom storage, bathroom bin, towel rail, bathroom caddy
P28-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Toilets||Includes flush-less toilets, such as chamber pots or urinals, hand tools for cleaning the toilet bowl, cover for toilet seat, and toilet seat specially adapted for children. Electrical details of toilets are coded under X27-L.|Hinge, toilet brush, toilet seat
P28-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other sanitary equipment|||
P28-C|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic cleaning and washing||Electrical cleaning and washing appliances are coded under X27-D. All details of washing machines, dishwashers, tumble dryers, and vacuum cleaners are coded by X27-D01A, X27-D01B, X27-D02 and X27-D03, respectively.|Cleaning caddy
P28-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Equipment for cleaning windows||Includes cloths, sponges, pads, and equipment for cleaning blinds.|Squeegee, wiper
P28-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Equipment for cleaning floors, walls, carpets, and upholstery||Includes brooms and brushes, buckets, dustpans, and mops. Brushes for cleaning shoes are coded under P28-C04 only.|Upholstery/carpet beater
P28-C03|Current|(2015-    )|Equipment for cleaning/drying crockery||Includes basins, draining boards, and equipment for polishing cutlery.|Sponge
P28-C04|Current|(2015-    )|Equipment for cleaning/polishing footwear|||Shoe brush
P28-C05|New|(2017-    )|Equipment for cleaning/drying/ironing clothes||Includes mechanical details only of clothes lines and ironing boards. Electrical details are coded under X27-L and X27-D09 respectively.|Clothes pegs, pedal washing machine
P28-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific cleaning or washing equipment|||Sink plunger
P28-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of kitchen and sanitary equipment||This code should be used in conjunction with other P28 codes.|
P3|Current|(1980-    )|Health, Amusement|||
P31|Old|(1980-2014)|Diagnosis, surgery|||
P31|Current|(2015-    )|Diagnosis, surgery||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of diagnostic and surgical apparatus. Electrical details are covered by S05 class.|
P31-A|Current|(2015-    )|Diagnosis or surgery apparatus|||
P31-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Surgical tools and instruments||Includes cutters e.g. scalpels; clamps and retractors; distractors and positioners; sealing and stapling devices; dilators, specula.|
P31-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Diagnostic devices||Includes measurement devices e.g. rulers, calipers; percussion instruments for tapping on a surface to determine the underlying structure; Auscultation devices e.g. stethoscopes.|Pleximeter
P31-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of diagnosis or surgery apparatus and systems||For operating theatre and dental surgery equipment see P33-A10.|
P31-B|Current|(2015-    )|Storage and transport of diagnosis or surgery apparatus||Includes containers for storing and transporting surgical tools and equipment. See also Q31-Q34 codes.|
P31-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of diagnosis or surgery apparatus|||
P31-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/Pre-use treatment of diagnosis or surgery components|||
P31-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of diagnosis or surgery components|||
P32|Old|(1980-2014)|Dentistry, bandages, veterinary, prosthesis|||
P32|Current|(2015-    )|Dentistry, bandages, veterinary, prosthesis||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of dentistry, bandages, veterinary and prosthesis apparatus. Electrical details are covered by S05 class.|
P32-A|Current|(2015-    )|Dentistry, veterinary, prosthesis apparatus|||
P32-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Dentistry||Includes mechanical aspects of dental tools and instruments, orthodontics, impressions. For dental chairs and accessories see P33-A10.|
P32-A20|Current|(2015-    )|Veterinary||Surgical tools and instruments; supports, restraints and other auxiliary devices used during examination and surgery e.g. for holding animal's mouth open; treatment; reproduction or fertilization devices.|
P32-A40|Current|(2015-    )|Prostheses||Includes dental prostheses.|
P32-A40A|Current|(2015-    )|Implantable||Including stents for insertion in blood vessels.|
P32-A40B|Current|(2015-    )|Non-implantable||Includes artificial limbs.|
P32-A50|Current|(2015-    )|Eye and ear protection and/or treatment|||
P32-A60|Current|(2015-    )|Bandages, dressings and first aid kits||Includes dispensers and auxiliary items. Also includes absorbent/antiseptic pads and swabs such as nappies, diapers and tampons.|
P32-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other apparatus and methods for dentistry, veterinary, prostheses||Includes dental auxiliary appliances (for dental chairs and work-stands see P33-A10). Also includes therapeutic heating devices, orthopedic and contraceptive devices.|Hot-water bottle
P32-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/pre-use treatment of dentistry, bandages, veterinary, prosthesis components||Includes coating of e.g. stents.|
P32-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/Pre-use treatment of dentistry, bandages, veterinary, prosthesis components|||
P32-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of dentistry, bandages, veterinary, prosthesis components|||
P33|Old|(1980-2014)|Medical aids, oral administration|||
P33|Current|(2015-    )|Medical aids, oral administration||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of medical aids and oral administration apparatus. Electrical details are covered by S05 class.|
P33-A|Current|(2015-    )|Medical aids|||
P33-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Patient transport||Trolleys, wheelchairs, stretchers and other lifting devices, including those aspects as applied to vehicles such as ambulances.|
P33-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Beds|||
P33-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Hygiene and sanitary devices|||Bed-pans
P33-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Other hospital and dental surgery equipment||Includes operating tables and dental chairs. Also includes trolleys for transporting medicines, food and other items.|
P33-A20|Current|(2015-    )|Therapy||Includes devices for massage, bathing and passive exercise.|Acupuncture
P33-A40|Current|(2015-    )|Funeral apparatus and accessories|||
P33-A50|Current|(2015-    )|Oral administration of medicines; Feeding devices||Includes feeding tubes, baby teething apparatus e.g. rings, feeding bottles. For syringes and subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intra-muscular devices see P34-A02.|
P33-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of medical aids and oral administration methods||Includes walking aids and crutches.|
P33-B|Current|(2015-    )|Storage and transport||Includes containers for storing and transporting medical aids. See also Q31-Q34 codes.|
P33-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of medical aids|||
P33-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/Pre-use treatment of medical aids||Includes devices and methods for processing pharmaceutical products into physical forms suitable for oral administration.|
P33-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of medical aids|||
P34|Old|(1980-2014)|Sterilizing, syringes, electrotherapy|||
P34|Current|(2015-    )|Sterilizing, syringes||From 2015 P34 has been expanded to include sub-codes.|
P34-A|Current|(2015-    )|Sterilization equipment, syringes|||
P34-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Sterilization and disinfection devices||For sterilization, disinfection and deodorizing of substances and materials including air, refuse, bandages and dressings (See P32-A60 for bandages per se), and contact lenses.|
P34-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Syringes and other devices for introduction and removal of media from body||Syringes, needles, and irrigation devices; Inhalers; sprayers, atomizers and insufflators; subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intra-muscular devices; catheters and other drainage apparatus; applicators. Includes blood transfusion equipment. For oral administration devices and methods, see P33-A50.|
P34-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Anesthesia; relaxation|||
P34-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of sterilization equipment, syringes and introduction/removal devices|||
P34-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of sterilization equipment, syringes|||
P34-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/pre-use treatment of sterilization equipment, syringes|||
P34-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of sterilization equipment, syringes|||
P35|Old|(1980-2014)|Life saving, firefighting|||
P35|Current|(2015-    )|Life saving, safety, firefighting, fire extinguishing and fire prevention||This class covers apparatus and methods for life saving and safety in a general sense and also for fire fighting and fire extinguishing. For life saving and safety systems for specific purposes see the relevant class, for example water-based life saving equipment such as lifebuoys is covered in Q24. From 2015 P35 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of life saving, safety, firefighting and fire extinguishing. Electrical aspects are also covered in class X25. Fire alarms are not included and are covered by W05-B02 codes. Significant applications are indicated by assignment of P35-U codes in conjunction with other P35 codes as necessary.|
P35-A|Current|(2015-    )|Type of life saving and safety systems||These codes are assigned to indicate the general type of life saving and safety system involved.|
P35-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Rescue equipment and methods||Covers equipment, and methods for using it, for rescuing people or animals from a dangerous situation such as a building during a fire, earthquake, etc. Water-based life saving equipment such as lifebuoys and the like is covered by Q24-X01 codes and equipment installed onboard an aircraft is covered by Q25-B09 codes.|
P35-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Hoists, winches, lifting equipment||Novel aspects of harnesses for supporting a person being rescued are also assigned P35-A03A.|Lowering, raising, winching, winding
P35-A01E|Current|(2015-    )|Slides, chutes||Escape slides and similar emergency exit arrangements for aircraft are not included and are covered by Q25-B09E.|
P35-A01G|Current|(2015-    )|Cushioning devices||Includes use of devices providing a 'soft landing', e.g. for persons falling or jumping from a high point.|Cushion, inflatable, mat, pad
P35-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of rescue equipment or method|||
P35-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Safety systems in general||These codes cover systems, protective clothing and other equipment for general safety purposes.|
P35-A03A|Current|(2015-    )|Safety harnesses and belts||Includes harnesses for supporting workers, e.g. by anchoring to a building or other structure. Harnesses forming part of rescue equipment, e.g. to lift a person for escape purposes, are also assigned P35-A01A.|Builder, carabiner, construction worker, lineman, window cleaner
P35-A03C|Current|(2015-    )|Protective clothing||Includes helmets, masks, and the like to provide protection for humans and animals from adverse environments. Arrangements for facilitating or enabling breathing are covered by P35-A05E which is also assigned as necessary. Systems and equipment for treating hazardous chemicals or biological agents to make them safe or to contain them are covered by P35-A03G.|Environmental suit, hazmat suit, NBC suit
P35-A03E|Current|(2015-    )|Breathing equipment and protection against harmful gases||Includes equipment for filtering gases hazardous to health of humans or animals and breathable gas supply systems providing e.g. oxygen or gas mixtures. Breathable gas supplies for medical purposes are not included and are covered by P34 codes. Covers equipment, and methods for removing or neutralizing the effects of hazardous gases in the air within a building, room, or other enclosed area. Electrical alarm systems warning of the presence of toxic gases are covered by W05-B07L codes and those warning of flammable or explosive gases by W05-B02A codes.|Chemical plant, filter, firefighter, mine, poisonous gas, rescue
P35-A03E1|Old|(2015-2015)|Breathing masks||Covers masks in the form of equipment carried by an individual and also those used in multiple-mask systems, e.g. on board an aircraft. Includes respirators forming part of equipment protecting against harmful chemicals, e.g. protective clothing, which is also covered by P35-A03C. Masks with electrical communications equipment such as intercoms or portable transceivers are also assigned W01-C04A or W02-G02A1 respectively. Details of microphones, earphones and the like incorporated in masks are also assigned V06-V codes as appropriate.|Cartridge, crew radio, filter, interphone, walkie-talkie
P35-A03E1|Current|(2016-    )|Breathing masks||Covers masks in the form of equipment carried by an individual and also those used in multiple-mask systems, e.g. on board an aircraft. From 2016 all other aspects of breathing equipment, installations and systems are covered by P35-A03E5. Includes masks and similar devices forming part of equipment protecting against harmful chemicals, e.g. protective clothing, which is also covered by P35-A03C. Masks with electrical communications equipment such as intercoms or portable transceivers are also assigned W01-C04A or W02-G02A1 respectively. Details of microphones, earphones and the like incorporated in masks are also assigned V06-V codes as appropriate.|
P35-A03E5|Current|(2016-    )|Breathing equipment, installations and systems||This code covers all aspects of breathing equipment and installations, e.g. oxygen generators, gas cylinders, hoses and pipes, except for masks and other devices fitting around the mouth and/or nose of the user which are covered by P35-A03E1. Includes equipment carried in backpack or other portable form and also installations in e.g. buildings, tunnels or vehicles, including those on-board an aircraft. Prior to 2016 these details were covered by P35-A03E or P35-A03E1 depending on novel aspects.|
P35-A03G|Current|(2015-    )|Protection against harmful chemicals||Includes arrangements for making safe hazardous industrial chemicals and also chemical or biological warfare agents. Protective clothing and breathing equipment are not included and are respectively covered by P35-A03C and P35-A03E codes.|Biohazard, spillage, tanker, toxic waste
P35-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of life saving and safety systems|||
P35-C|Current|(2015-    )|Type of fire fighting, fire extinguishing or fire prevention equipment or method||The codes are assigned to indicate the general type of fire fighting, fire extinguishing or fire prevention equipment or system involved.|
P35-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Fire extinguishing equipment and methods|||
P35-C01A|Current|(2015-    )|Type of fire extinguishing material||P35-C01A codes are assigned to indicate in a general sense the type of fire extinguishing material used. When the material itself is novel P35-C01A8 is also applied, e.g. a novel chemical composition for extinguishing fires would be coded as P35-C01A2 and P35-C01A8.|
P35-C01A1|Current|(2015-    )|Carbon dioxide-based fire extinguishing|||CO2
P35-C01A2|Current|(2015-    )|Chemical-based fire extinguishing||Covers use of wet chemical-based extinguishing agents.|
P35-C01A3|Current|(2015-    )|Foam-based fire extinguishing|||
P35-C01A4|Current|(2015-    )|Powder-based fire extinguishing|||
P35-C01A5|Current|(2015-    )|Water-based fire extinguishing||Includes water mist-based fire extinguishing systems.|
P35-C01A8|Current|(2015-    )|Novel materials for extinguishing fires||This code is assigned in conjunction with a P35-C01A code to indicate the type of extinguishing material used. See also K01-A for novel materials and compositions for fire extinguishing.|
P35-C01A9|Current|(2015-    )|Other type of fire extinguishing material|||Sand
P35-C01C|Current|(2015-    )|Fire extinguishing equipment type|||
P35-C01C1|Current|(2015-    )|Portable/hand-held extinguisher|||
P35-C01C3|Current|(2015-    )|Fixed installations and building-type extinguishing system||Covers permanently installed systems such as indoor sprinklers and outdoor installations such as fire hydrants. Fire alarms are not included and are covered by W05-B02 codes.|Bulb, fusible alloy, green bulb, red bulb, Wood's metal
P35-C01C5|Current|(2015-    )|Mobile fire extinguisher||Covers fire extinguishing equipment or systems capable of being transported to the location of a fire, including extinguishers mounted on trolleys, aircraft, ships, trains, or land vehicles such as fire engines which are also covered in Q19-H02 or in X22-P10 if electrical aspects are involved. Fire extinguishing systems for putting out fires on-board vehicles themselves are covered by P35-C01C7 codes.|Air tanker, crash tender, fire hose, fire train, fire truck, fireboat, forest fire, ladder, pump, turntable, waterbomber, wildfire
P35-C01C7|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicle-type fire extinguishing system||Covers extinguishing equipment and systems for putting out fires in a vehicle itself. Vehicles used to transport extinguishing equipment to the location of a fire are covered by P35-C01C5.|On-board
P35-C01C7A|Current|(2015-    )|Aircraft and aerospace-type fire extinguishing system||This code covers on-board equipment, methods and systems for putting out fires on an aircraft or space vehicle, for which Q25-B09A and Q25-S06 are also respectively assigned, but does not include aerial firefighting aircraft, which are covered by P35-C01C5.|
P35-C01C7C|Current|(2015-    )|Land vehicle-type fire extinguishing system||This code covers on-board equipment, methods and systems for putting out fires on land vehicles and does not include fire engines, which are covered by P35-C01C5.|
P35-C01C7E|Current|(2015-    )|Ship-type fire extinguishing system||This code covers on-board equipment, methods and systems for putting out fires on ships, for which Q24-B09A is also assigned, but does not include fireboats, which are covered by P35-C01C5.|
P35-C01C7F|Current|(2015-    )|Rail vehicle-type fire extinguishing system||This code covers on-board equipment, methods and systems for putting out fires on trains, for which Q21-J09 is also assigned, but does not include fire trains, which are covered by P35-C01C5.|
P35-C01C9|Current|(2015-    )|Other fire extinguishing equipment type|||Beater, fire blanket, fire bucket
P35-C03|Current|(2016-    )|Nozzles, hoses, pumps and delivery systems||Covers novel aspects of equipment for delivering or dispensing a fire-extinguishing agent.|
P35-C05|Current|(2015-    )|Fire prevention equipment and methods||Includes arrangements for containing or limiting the spread of fires, such as physical barriers, flame traps and the like, firefighting equipment other than extinguishers and also control of firefighting systems, electrical aspects of which are covered by X25-X05.|Axe, fire doors
P35-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other type of fire fighting, fire extinguishing or fire prevention equipment or method|||
P35-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of life saving, safety, fire fighting and fire extinguishing systems||This code is assigned with P35-A or P35-C codes as appropriate.|
P35-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/pre-use treatment of life saving, safety, and fire fighting/extinguishing components||Includes testing. This code is assigned with P35-A or P35-C codes as appropriate.|
P35-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications||These codes are assigned with P35-A or P35-C codes as appropriate to denote significant applications.|
P35-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic|||Bathroom, bedroom, domestic appliance, fitted kitchen, home furnishings, household appliance, household product, living room
P35-U02|Current|(2015-    )|Commercial||Includes general commercial applications. Can be used alone or in conjunction with other specific applications.|Bar, business, cafe, commerce, commercial, department store, enterprise, hotel, office, restaurant, rest-room, washroom
P35-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||Includes all vehicles.|
P35-U05|Current|(2015-    )|Agriculture; Farming|||Arable, chickens, cows, crops, dairy, ducks, eggs, field, goats, greenhouse, harvest, irrigation, lambs, pigs, pigsty, planting, plantation, poultry, sheep
P35-U06|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacturing plants|||Factory, production line
P35-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food industry|||
P35-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Civil Engineering; Construction; Buildings|||
P35-U18|Current|(2015-    )|Mining|||Coal, coalface, gallery, methane, seam, ventilation
P35-U20|Current|(2015-    )|Waste disposal, waste treatment, pollution control and recycling|||
P35-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial||This code is assigned for general industrial applications of life saving, safety, firefighting, fire extinguishing and fire prevention systems not covered elsewhere.|
P35-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P35-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of life saving, safety, firefighting, fire extinguishing and fire prevention|||
P36|Old|(1980-2014)|Sports, games, toys, saddlery||Covers saddlery from 201201, prior to 2012 this was classified as Q39|
P36|Current|(2015-    )|Sports, games, toys, amusements|||
P36-A|Current|(2015-    )|Type of sport and leisure activity||P36-A codes cover organized competitive sports and also analogous activities performed as a leisure pursuit or pastime. Electrical aspects of sports and leisure activities are covered by W04-X01 codes. Games which in general do not involve significant physical activity, e.g. indoor games, are covered by P36-C codes. Games involving throwing or hitting a ball with an implement such as a cue, e.g. billiards, are regarded as a sport.|
P36-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Sports using ball, puck, or shuttlecock|||Badminton, baseball, basketball, billiards, bowling, bowls, cricket, croquet, curling, football, golf, hockey, petanque, pool, snooker, soccer, squash, rugby, table tennis, tennis, volleyball
P36-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Athletics, cycling, racing, air and water based sports||Includes running on track, cross-country, or marathons, and sports based on jumping and throwing, e.g. high jump, javelin, shot-put etc.|Heptathlon, horse riding, horseracing, marathon, motor racing, pentathlon, swimming, water skiing, snowboarding, skiing
P36-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Combat-based sports||Laser-simulated shooting is covered by W04-X01K4E.|Boxing, martial arts, fencing, paintball, wrestling
P36-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Archery, darts, shooting||This code covers archery in the sense of shooting at targets using longbow, crossbow, etc. Shooting animals while hunting is covered by P36-A07.|Bow, dart, dartboard, pistol, rifle, target
P36-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Gymnastics, climbing and weightlifting||Covers rock climbing and mountaineering on natural features, and climbing walls and the like in indoor and outdoor sports facilities. Lifting of weights as part of general fitness training, i.e. 'weight training' is covered by P36-A08E.|Bar, dumbbell, lift, abseiling, crampons, harness, rope, alpine
P36-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Fishing, hunting||This code covers fishing as a recreational or sporting activity only. Commercial fishing is not included and is covered by P14 in general and X25-N02 when electrical aspects are involved.|Angling, bait, bow, crossbow, decoy, float, line, rifle, rod, tracking
P36-A08|Current|(2015-    )|Sports equipment, sports facilities and sports training||These codes are assigned with other P36-A codes as appropriate.|
P36-A08A|Current|(2015-    )|Sports equipment and clothing||Includes items used by a player of a sport, e.g. horse racing, or a participant in leisure activities such as horse riding.|Ball, bat, boots, bow, bowls, crampons, crossbow, cue, fishing rod, goggles, golf clubs, harness, kit, racquet, riding boots, running shoes, saddle, skateboard, skates, ski binding, skis, surfboard, training shoes, wetsuit, whip
P36-A08C|Current|(2015-    )|Sports facilities||Covers buildings, sports halls, pitches, sports grounds, etc.|AstroTurf (RTM), arena, changing rooms, club, clubhouse, court, field, floodlights, goals, grass, gymnasium, ice rink, lockers, race course, race track, swimming pool, track
P36-A08E|Current|(2015-    )|Sports training and fitness training||This code is assigned with other P36-A codes as necessary, i.e. training for specific sports is covered by P36-A08E together with the code for the particular sport. Inventions involving teaching of sports are covered by P85-A01N which is assigned with this code when both aspects are involved. Electrical aspects of sports training are covered by W04-X01A codes.|Exercise bike, treadmill etc.
P36-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of sport and leisure|||
P36-C|Current|(2015-    )|Type of game||Electrical aspects of games are covered by W04-X02 codes, e.g. coin-operated games are covered by W04-X02A codes and video games by W04-X02C. Coin-operated games are also assigned T05-H05E.|
P36-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Board games||Includes chess, checkers, draughts etc.|
P36-C03|Current|(2015-    )|Games involving tokens or pieces to be placed on a table or other flat surface||Includes dominoes and Mahjong.|
P36-C05|Current|(2015-    )|Card games||Inventions relating to card games played in a casino are also assigned P36-C09.|Bezique, blackjack, chemin-de-fer, clubs, deal, deck, diamonds, gin rummy, hearts, joker, Napoleon, pinochle, poker, rummy, shuffle, solitaire, spades, suit, trick, whist
P36-C07|Current|(2015-    )|Dice games||Board or card games are covered by P36-C01 and P36-C05 respectively and this code is only assigned as well as those codes when the dice aspect is novel.|Die, face, marking, pips
P36-C09|Current|(2015-    )|Casino games||Includes roulette. This code can be assigned with P36-C05 and P36-C07 respectively for casino games where the use of playing cards or dice is significant. P36-C09 also covers non-electrical aspects of coin- or token-operated 'amusement with prizes' ('AWP') games with spinning reels and the like. Coin-freed aspects of such games are covered by T05-H codes and electrical aspects by W04-X02A3.|
P36-C13|Current|(2015-    )|Games involving ball or balls confined by e.g. table||This code includes pinball, bagatelle, ninepins etc. but not billiards, pool, snooker or table tennis, which are regarded as sports and covered by P36-A01.|Pachinko, table football, table hockey
P36-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of games|||
P36-E|Current|(2015-    )|Toys, playing equipment and novelty items||Electrical aspects of toys, playing equipment and novelty items are covered by W04-X03E codes.|
P36-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Model vehicles||Includes model aircraft, boat, wheeled vehicle such as car or truck, racing track, train and train set, etc.|Model railway, model roadway
P36-E03|Current|(2015-    )|Construction toys and kits||Includes toys comprising miniature bricks or basic mechanical elements which may be used to assemble model buildings, machines etc., and also kits of parts to assemble a specific model. Kits which can be made up into model vehicles are also assigned P36-E01.|Building set, construction set, self-assembly
P36-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Dolls, stuffed toys, figures||Includes animated figures and puppets.|Character figure, knitted toy, marionette, plush toy, teddy bear, toy soldier
P36-E07|Current|(2015-    )|Outdoor toys and playing equipment||Includes skateboards, scooters and other ride-on vehicles for children, balls, slides, swings, for home/garden use and as playground equipment.|Kite, merry-go-round, roller skates, roundabout, see-saw
P36-E15|Current|(2015-    )|Novelty items||Includes tricks, humorous items such as jokes, collectible items etc. and complementary toys offered with fast-food meals or other products.|Cracker, favor, pennant, puzzle
P36-E99|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of toys, playing equipment and novelty items|||
P36-F|Current|(2015-    )|Entertainment and other venue-related equipment and systems||This code covers equipment and systems for use in venues for entertainment and similar purposes. Electrical aspects are covered by W04-X03G codes.|Auditorium, cinema, concert hall, fairground, show ground, stage, theater, theme park
P36-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of sports, games, toys||This code is assigned with P36-A, P36-C, P36-E or P36-F codes as necessary.|
P36-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/Pre-use treatment of sports, games, toys||This code is assigned with P36-A, P36-C, P36-E or P36-F codes as necessary.|
P36-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of sports, games, toys, amusements|||
P4|Current|(1980-    )|Separating, Mixing|||
P41|Old|(1980-2014)|Crushing, centrifuging, separating solids|||
P41|Current|(2015-    )|Crushing, centrifuging, separating solids, sorting||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of crushing, centrifuging, separating solids, and sorting. In this class the group codes P41-A, P41-E, P41-J and P41-K respectively refer to apparatus and methods for: (i) crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, and milling; (ii) separating solids (covered by P43 before 2015); iii) centrifuging; and; (iv) sorting objects (covered by P43 before 2015). To indicate novel constructional details suitable P41-T codes are also assigned and novel materials used in construction of apparatus are indicated by also assigning P41-T50. Materials processed or handled are indicated where possible in the respective code groups, otherwise by assigning P41-V codes with the code describing the equipment or process involved in the invention. Significant applications are indicated by assignment of P41-U codes.|
P41-A|Current|(2015-    )|Crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, milling||Although based on the use of similar processes the terms 'crushing' and 'milling' are used here as generally understood, e.g. 'milling' usually referring to production of smaller particles or powders and with regard to producing an output product with specific size or properties. For specific materials processed or handled search with P41-V codes. Milling of metals in the sense of surface cutting is not included and is covered in class P54. Crushing, pulverizing and disintegrating as part of a chemical engineering process is covered by class J02.|
P41-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Type of crushing equipment or process used|||
P41-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Jaw crusher|||Blake, Dodge, toggle, universal
P41-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Cone crusher|||Compound, multi-cylinder, Symons, single cylinder
P41-A01E|Current|(2015-    )|Roll crusher|||
P41-A01G|Current|(2015-    )|Gyratory crusher|||Eccentric
P41-A01J|Current|(2015-    )|Hammer and impact crusher||Excludes mills such as hammer mills which are covered by P41-A03G.|Horizontal, vertical shaft impactor
P41-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other type of crushing equipment or process|||
P41-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Type of milling equipment or process used|||
P41-A03A|Current|(2015-    )|Roller mill|||
P41-A03C|Current|(2015-    )|Disc mill|||Buhrstone, flour mill, grist mill
P41-A03E|Current|(2015-    )|Ball mill/Tumbler mill|||Cylinder, grinder, planetary, powder
P41-A03G|Current|(2015-    )|Hammer mill|||
P41-A03J|Current|(2015-    )|Drum mill|||
P41-A03L|Current|(2015-    )|Stamp mill|||
P41-A03X|Current|(2015-    )|Other type of milling equipment or process||Includes jet mills.|
P41-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Disintegrating based on cutting or tearing||Includes disintegrating using rotating or reciprocating knives, including shredders.|Cross-cut, paper shredder
P41-A05|Current|(2015-    )|External energy input for crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, or milling||Includes driving of equipment using motors, engines, water or wind power and also secondary energy input using additional energy sources to facilitate the process, e.g. use of heating or ultrasonic energy to assist in breaking-up material. Novel electrical aspects are covered by X25-J.|Belt, chain, drive, gear, shaft
P41-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Pretreatment of substances or materials||Novel arrangements for removing foreign bodies or unwanted materials from substances to be processed are covered by P41-T01C.|Tempering
P41-A07A|Current|(2015-    )|Removing husks from e.g. grain|||Hulling
P41-A07X|Current|(2015-    )|Other pretreatment of substances or materials|||
P41-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, milling|||
P41-E|Current|(2015-    )|Separating solids||P41-E codes cover the separation, e.g. in a stream, of solids from other solids and also from gases or liquids. Codes in this group are assigned together as necessary, e.g. dry separation of solid materials by means of screens or sieves is represented by P41-E01 and P41-E06; wet separation of solids involving pneumatic tables by P41-E03 and P41-E05. Novel details of apparatus for solid separation are indicated by assignment of an appropriate P41-T03 code with P41-E codes. Separation with the emphasis on sorting or grading is covered by P41-K codes. Separation as part of a chemical process such as evaporation, crystallization, solvent extraction, chromatography etc. is covered by class J01. Electrical aspects of separation are covered by X25-H codes.|
P41-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Dry separation of solids||Covers separation of two kinds or sizes of solid material in a dry medium.|
P41-E03|Current|(2015-    )|Wet separation of solids and separation from gases||Covers separation of two kinds or sizes of solid material in a liquid medium and also separation of solids from liquids and from gases. Includes use of techniques such as filtering and (differential) sedimentation. Electrostatic precipitation of solid particles from a gas stream or cloud involving voltages applied from power supplies and the like is covered by X25-H02 codes.|
P41-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Separating of solids using mechanical agitation||Includes use of pneumatic tables. This code is assigned with P41-E01 or P41-E03 codes as appropriate. Novel details of the agitating arrangement are also assigned P41-T03E.|
P41-E06|Current|(2015-    )|Separating solids based on size or weight||This code covers separation of solids based on size and weight where the solid materials are mixed together, including mixtures with liquids or gases. Sorting and grading of discrete objects, e.g. to separate them into distinct categories or in a 'pass/fail' test, is not included and is covered by P41-K codes.|
P41-E07|Current|(2015-    )|Separating solids using magnetic effects||Includes separation by magnetic/non-magnetic or paramagnetic/diamagnetic properties based on use of permanent magnets only. Magnetic separation using electromagnetism is covered by X25-H01.|
P41-E99|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of separating solids|||
P41-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance or repair of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, milling, solid separation, centrifuging or sorting apparatus||This code covers novel aspects of cleaning, maintenance or repair of apparatus covered by P41-A, P41-E, P41-J and P41-K codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|
P41-J|Current|(2015-    )|Centrifuges and centrifuging; cyclone apparatus||This code covers novel centrifuges and their use in separating, mixing, or other processes and also cyclones and similar devices based on vortex flow. Novel electrical aspects of centrifuges are covered by X25-J. Centrifuges and processes involving centrifuging for chemical engineering are covered in class J01.|Cyclonic separation, dust, hydrocyclone, particle, rotor, vessel
P41-K|Current|(2015-    )|Sorting and grading objects||These codes cover the sorting and grading of discrete objects, e.g. to separate them into distinct categories or in a 'pass/fail' test, as opposed to separating continuous streams of material as covered by P41-E06 codes. Electrical aspects of sorting are covered by T05-K codes and X25-F06.|
P41-K01|Current|(2015-    )|Sorting and grading objects based on specific property||Novel aspects of measurement of properties such as dimensions or weight are covered by S02 codes.|
P41-K01A|Current|(2015-    )|Sorting and grading objects based on dimensions|||Area, circumference, diameter, length, size, thickness, volume, width
P41-K01C|Current|(2015-    )|Sorting and grading objects based on weight|||Mass
P41-K01E|Current|(2015-    )|Sorting and grading objects based on density|||Buoyancy, floating, sinking
P41-K01X|Current|(2015-    )|Sorting and grading objects based on other specific property|||
P41-K05|Current|(2015-    )|Sorting mail||Electrical aspects of mail sorting are covered by T05-K02.|
P41-K99|Current|(2015-    )|Other sorting and grading of objects|||
P41-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture and testing of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, milling, solid separation, centrifuging or sorting apparatus||This code covers novel aspects of manufacturing and testing of apparatus covered by P41-A, P41-E, P41-J and P41-K codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|
P41-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, milling, solid separation, centrifuging or sorting apparatus||These codes are assigned with P41-A, P41-E, P41-J and P41-K codes which are also assigned as appropriate to denote the type of apparatus or process in which they are used. For example P41-A01A is assigned with P41-T01A for novel details of hoppers for jaw crushers.|
P41-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, or milling apparatus||This code and its subdivisions are assigned to highlight novel aspects of the construction of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, or milling apparatus and are assigned with P41-A codes as appropriate.|
P41-T01A|Current|(2015-    )|Feeding arrangements, hoppers||Covers novel details of apparatus for introducing material to be processed to a crusher, mill, etc.|
P41-T01C|Current|(2015-    )|Removing foreign bodies or unwanted materials||Includes arrangements to remove metal objects from e.g. crushers or mills and safety measures.|Hydraulic relief system
P41-T01E|Current|(2015-    )|Casings, frameworks||This code covers the main structural aspects of crushing, milling and similar machines as specified by P41-A codes, rather than the parts performing the crushing, milling, etc.|Case, enclosure, housing
P41-T01F|Current|(2015-    )|Crushing elements||Covers details of the part of a crusher that performs the actual crushing process, such as jaws (with P41-A01A).|Cone, hammer, impactor, roller
P41-T01H|Current|(2015-    )|Milling elements||Covers details of the part of a mill that performs the actual milling process, such as a millstone (with P41-A03C).|Ball, bedstone, buhrstone, burrstone, cylinder, roller, runner stone
P41-T01J|Current|(2015-    )|Sizing elements||Covers elements used in crushers or mills to control the size of material produced, e.g. by adjustment of crusher or mill components or the use of sieves or screens for which P41-E06 is also assigned.|
P41-T01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, or milling apparatus|||
P41-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of apparatus for separating solids||These codes are assigned with P41-E codes as appropriate to denote the type of apparatus in which they are used. For example P41-T03E is assigned with P41-E05 for novel details of vibrating or agitating devices used in separation.|
P41-T03A|Current|(2015-    )|Feeding arrangements, hoppers||Covers novel details of apparatus for introducing material to be processed to a solid material separator.|
P41-T03C|Current|(2015-    )|Filters, screens, sieves||Covers novel details of filters, screens, or sieves. The general code for apparatus and processes using this technique, P41-E06, is also assigned.|
P41-T03E|Current|(2015-    )|Mechanical agitators or shakers||Includes pneumatic tables and similar devices.|
P41-T03G|Current|(2015-    )|Magnetic elements||This code covers novel details of permanent magnets only and is assigned with the general 'magnetic separation' code. Magnetic separation using electromagnets is covered by X25-H01.|
P41-T03X|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of solid separation apparatus|||
P41-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of centrifuge and cyclone apparatus||This code and its subdivisions are assigned with P41-J to denote novel details of apparatus based on centrifuging or cyclones.|
P41-T05A|Current|(2015-    )|Feeding arrangements||Covers novel details of apparatus for introducing material to be processed to a centrifuge.|Inlet, outlet, stream
P41-T05C|Current|(2015-    )|Housing, casing|||Lid, vessel
P41-T05E|Current|(2015-    )|Rotor, sample or substance holder|||
P41-T05G|Current|(2015-    )|Drive mechanism||Novel electrical details are covered by X25-J.|Belt drive, gear, planetary
P41-T05X|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of centrifuge apparatus|||
P41-T07|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of sorting apparatus||This code and its subdivisions are assigned with P41-K codes to denote novel details of apparatus based on sorting and grading objects.|
P41-T07A|Current|(2015-    )|Feeding arrangements||Covers novel details of apparatus for introducing objects to be sorted.|
P41-T07C|Current|(2015-    )|Housing, casing|||
P41-T07E|Current|(2015-    )|Discriminating arrangements||Covers novel details of apparatus for distinguishing objects to be sorted, e.g. weighing apparatus for which P41-K01C and S02-D codes are also assigned.|
P41-T07G|Current|(2015-    )|Output arrangements||Includes bins or other receptacles receiving sorted articles and packing arrangements.|
P41-T07X|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of sorting apparatus|||
P41-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional material||This code is used in conjunction with other P41-T codes to indicate the use of a novel material in a machine or similar. Specific details of novel materials are represented by codes outside P41, such as M27 codes for steels or section A codes for plastics materials which are also applied as appropriate.|
P41-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, milling, solid separation, centrifuging or sorting apparatus|||
P41-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, milling, centrifuging or sorting apparatus||These codes are assigned as necessary to indicate significant applications of crushing, pulverizing, disintegrating, milling, centrifuging or sorting apparatus.|
P41-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic||Includes general or non-specific domestic applications. Can be used in conjunction with other specific codes as required.|Bathroom, bedroom, domestic appliance, fitted kitchen, home furnishings, household appliance, household product, living room
P41-U02|Current|(2015-    )|Commercial||Includes general commercial applications. Can be used alone or in conjunction with other specific applications.|Bar, business, cafe, commerce, commercial, department store, enterprise, hotel, office, restaurant, rest-room, washroom
P41-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||Includes land, air and space vehicles and watercraft.|
P41-U05|Current|(2015-    )|Agriculture; Farming|||Arable, chickens, cows, crops, dairy, ducks, eggs, field, goats, greenhouse, harvest, irrigation, lambs, pigs, pigsty, planting, plantation, poultry, sheep
P41-U06|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacturing plants|||Factory, production line
P41-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food||Includes meat, fish, milk, dairy products and food processing in general as well as alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.|Baked goods, bakery, beer, biscuits, blast chill, bottling plant, brewery, butter, canned drinks, canned food, cheese, cider, corned beef, conveyor freezer, conveyor oven, cream, curing, distillery, dough, eggs, flash freezing, juice production, margarine, meat processing, mechanical recovery, pasteurizing, poultry, pressing, sterilizing, tinned food
P41-U08|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco|||Cigar, cigarette, curing, drying, harvesting, planting
P41-U09|Current|(2015-    )|Packaging; Canning; Tinning; Bottling||Novel aspects of packaging are covered by codes in classes Q31 to Q34.|
P41-U13|Current|(2015-    )|Pharmaceutical; Medical|||
P41-U14|Current|(2015-    )|Laboratory|||
P41-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Civil Engineering; Construction; Buildings|||
P41-U18|Current|(2015-    )|Mining|||
P41-U20|Current|(2015-    )|Waste disposal, waste treatment, pollution control and recycling||Can be assigned with other specific codes as appropriate e.g. P41-U03 for scrapping/crushing motor cars. Includes incineration of waste.|
P41-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P41-V|Current|(2015-    )|Materials processed or sorted||These codes are assigned to indicate that an invention is intended to process or handle specific materials. For materials used in the construction of apparatus covered in this class see P41-T50.|
P41-V01|Current|(2015-    )|Metals|||
P41-V01A|Current|(2015-    )|Iron|||
P41-V01A1|Current|(2015-    )|Cast Iron|||
P41-V01B|Current|(2015-    )|Aluminum|||
P41-V01C|Current|(2015-    )|Copper|||
P41-V01D|Current|(2015-    )|Lead|||
P41-V01E|Current|(2015-    )|Magnesium|||
P41-V01F|Current|(2015-    )|Zinc|||
P41-V01G|Current|(2015-    )|Titanium|||
P41-V01H|Current|(2015-    )|Tin|||
P41-V01P|Current|(2015-    )|Alloys|||
P41-V01P1|Current|(2015-    )|Steel|||
P41-V01P2|Current|(2015-    )|Brass|||
P41-V01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of metal|||
P41-V11|Current|(2015-    )|Wood||Includes wood shavings or saw dust.|Timber
P41-V11A|Current|(2015-    )|Fiberboards|||
P41-V12|Current|(2015-    )|Paper|||
P41-V13|Current|(2015-    )|Plastics||Covers processing or sorting of synthetic polymer materials. Novel aspects of such materials are represented by codes in section A.|
P41-V14|Current|(2015-    )|Glass|||
P41-V15|Current|(2015-    )|Ceramic|||
P41-V20|Current|(2015-    )|Concrete|||
P41-V22|Current|(2015-    )|Stones; Rocks; Slate||Prior to 2016 crushing or milling of coal was covered by this code. From 2016 this topic is covered by P41-V28.|Boulder, ore
P41-V23|Current|(2015-    )|Bricks|||
P41-V28|Current|(2016-    )|Coal, graphite||Prior to 2016 crushing of coal was covered by P41-V22.|
P41-V50|Current|(2015-    )|Composite materials||This code can be used in combination with other P41-V codes to highlight the different components of the composite material.|
P41-V60|Current|(2015-    )|Agricultural produce|||Arable, crops, field, greenhouse, harvest, irrigation, plant, plantation
P41-V60A|Current|(2015-    )|Grain|||
P41-V60C|Current|(2015-    )|Fruit or vegetables|||Apples, bananas, beans, bilberries, blackberries, blueberries, cabbages, cauliflowers, courgette, gourds, grapes, legumes, lettuces, mangoes, marrows, nuts, parsnips, pears, peas, potatoes, raspberries, root-crops, strawberries, swedes, tomatoes, turnips, vegetables, yams
P41-V60X|Current|(2015-    )|Other agricultural produce|||
P41-V65|Current|(2015-    )|Manufactured or processed foodstuffs|||
P41-V99|Current|(2015-    )|Other materials processed|||
P41-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of crushing, centrifuging, separating solids, and sorting|||
P42|Old|(1980-2014)|Spraying, atomizing|||
P42|Current|(2015-    )|Spraying, atomizing, coating, surface treatment and liquid application||From 2015 manual codes have been applied for mechanical aspects of apparatus and processes involving the handling of liquids and other flowing substances, e.g. for coating, surface treatment or other purposes.|
P42-A|Current|(2015-    )|Type of spraying or atomizing apparatus||These codes cover the type of apparatus for producing a spray, mist, jet etc. irrespective of its purpose. They should be searched with P42-T for constructional details, and P42-U codes to link them to a specific application. Manufacture of apparatus for producing a spray, mist, jet etc. is covered by P42-M which is assigned with P42-A codes as appropriate. Liquid application arrangements involving direct contact between a surface to be coated and a liquid-carrying vessel or liquid-bearing element such as a roller are covered by P42-B codes. Details of spraying equipment for electrostatic coating are included as appropriate but electrical details are covered by X25-K01.|
P42-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Single nozzle or jet arrangements||Covers arrangements with a single aperture through which the flowing material passes.|
P42-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Multiple nozzles or jet arrangements||Includes multiple nozzles or multiple apertures.|
P42-A03A|Current|(2015-    )|Spray nozzles or jets arranged in circular, spiral, rectangular or square pattern||Includes shower heads.|
P42-A03C|Current|(2015-    )|Spray nozzles or jets arranged in linear pattern||Includes spray booms|Crop spray
P42-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Spray, jet or atomizing arrangements with variable characteristics||Covers arrangements involving variable characteristics of the nozzle, jet or other application arrangement itself and also variation in operation produced externally, e.g. by moving the whole apparatus, deflecting a jet, etc.|
P42-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of spraying or atomizing|||
P42-B|Current|(2015-    )|Contact-based liquid application arrangements||Arrangements for applying liquids by means of spraying are covered by P42-A codes.|
P42-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Involving immersion or passage through liquid bath|||
P42-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Involving pouring or flowing of liquid over surface||Includes spin coating.|Spinner
P42-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Involving use of roller, brush or other liquid bearing element||Includes use of spreaders.|
P42-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other contact-based liquid application arrangements|||
P42-E|Current|(2016-    )|Novel aspects of coating processes and related processes||These codes are intended to focus on novelty in processes associated with applying coatings, whether associated equipment is novel or not.|
P42-E01|Current|(2016-    )|Novel coating processes||All aspects of flocking are covered by P42-E05A which is assigned with P42-E01 as necessary.|
P42-E03|Current|(2016-    )|Pre-treatment of surfaces to be coated and treatment of applied coatings||This code covers processes and methods for treating surfaces prior to coating and also processes and methods for treating a coating after it has been applied.|Baking, cleaning, degreasing, heating, smoothing
P42-E05|Current|(2016-    )|Processes for creating special textures or effects||This code covers processes and methods for creating a surface coating having specific properties.|Anti-adhesive, anti-corrosion, anti-friction, anti-slip, corrosion-proof, corrosion-resist, fine-textured, low-friction, lubricating, matt, matte, non-corrosive, rough-textured, rust-proof, rust-resist, texture
P42-E05A|Current|(2016-    )|Flocking||This code is assigned with P42-E01 to denote novel flocking processes.|Charge, electrostatic, fabric, fiber, particle, particulate, wallpaper
P42-E99|Current|(2016-    )|Other aspects of coating and related processes|||
P42-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of spraying, atomizing, coating, surface treatment and liquid application apparatus||This code covers novel aspects of cleaning, maintenance and repair of apparatus covered by P42-A and P42-B codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|
P42-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture and testing of spraying, atomizing, coating, surface treatment and liquid application apparatus||These codes cover manufacture and testing of apparatus covered by P42-A and P42-B codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|
P42-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of spraying, atomizing, coating, surface treatment and liquid application apparatus||This code covers novel constructional aspects of apparatus covered by P42-A and P42-B codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|
P42-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of arrangements for spraying, atomizing and directly applying fluids||These codes cover constructional details associated with the fluid atomizing, spraying, or liquid application apparatus itself. Arrangements for moving or modifying operation of spraying devices are covered by P42-T05 codes and details of housings and the like are covered by P42-T20.|
P42-T01A|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of nozzles and spray heads||Includes shape, layout of spray head orifices, etc. as covered by P42-A codes. Arrangements for modifying the shape, form or direction of liquid spray or jet, whether by moving the whole spraying assembly or by the use of variable jets, are also assigned P42-T05A.|Aperture, shower head
P42-T01C|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of direct liquid application apparatus||Includes arrangements for pouring or otherwise transferring liquid to the surface being coated or treated, as covered by P42-B codes.|Brush, pad, roller, spout
P42-T01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of arrangements for spraying, atomizing and directly applying fluids|||
P42-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of baths or tanks for fluids||Includes containers for storing fluids and also for immersing surfaces to be treated or coated.|Bottle, reservoir, vat, vessel
P42-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Driving arrangements of spraying, atomizing, coating, surface treatment and liquid application apparatus||Covers constructional aspects of arrangements for moving or modifying operation of spraying, atomizing or direct liquid application devices, moving or agitating fluids, and moving surfaces to be coated or treated.|
P42-T05A|Current|(2015-    )|Driving or modifying operation of spraying, atomizing, and liquid application apparatus||Includes arrangements for varying operation by moving the spraying or atomizing head or the equipment as a whole, and also for changing part of the spraying or atomizing head e.g. to modify jet characteristics.|Angle, controllable, cross-section, deflect, variable
P42-T05C|Current|(2015-    )|Driving fluids||Includes pumps, compressors, etc., e.g. for pressurizing liquids and also arrangements for agitating or heating. Electrical aspects of spraying apparatus for electrostatic coating are covered by X25-K01.|Agitator, color changer, delivery control, gas, mixer, piston, pump, pressure, vibrate 
P42-T05E|Current|(2015-    )|Driving and holding workpieces||Includes arrangements for moving the surface being coated or treated through the equipment or system.|Chain, conveyor, immersing, paint hanger, plunging
P42-T05X|Current|(2015-    )|Other driving arrangements for spraying, atomizing, and liquid application apparatus|||
P42-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Casings, frameworks and housings||Includes constructional details of enclosures and equipment as a whole.|Brace, bracket, mounting
P42-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional material||This code is used in conjunction with other P42-T codes to indicate the use of a novel material in a machine or similar. Specific details of novel materials are represented by codes outside P42, such as M27 codes for steels or section A codes for plastics materials which are also applied as appropriate.|
P42-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of spraying, atomizing, coating, surface treatment and liquid application apparatus|||
P42-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications of spraying, atomizing, coating, surface treatment and liquid application apparatus||These codes are assigned as necessary to indicate specific applications in conjunction with other P42 codes. In 'multiple use' cases the codes are not applied, or are only applied at a general level.|
P42-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic||Includes general or non-specific domestic applications. Can be used in conjunction with other specific codes as required.|Bathroom, bedroom, domestic appliance, fitted kitchen, home furnishings, household appliance, household product, living room
P42-U02|Current|(2015-    )|Commercial||Includes general commercial applications. Can be used alone or in conjunction with other specific applications.|Bar, business, cafe, commerce, commercial, department store, enterprise, hotel, office, restaurant, rest-room, washroom
P42-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||Includes all land, air and space vehicles and also watercraft.|
P42-U05|Current|(2015-    )|Agriculture; Farming|||Arable, chickens, cows, crops, dairy, ducks, eggs, field, forestry, goats, greenhouse, harvest, irrigation, lambs, logging, pigs, pigsty, planting, plantation, poultry, sheep
P42-U06|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacturing plants|||Factory, production line
P42-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food||Includes production of beverages such as soft and alcoholic drinks, as well as tea/coffee, processing of milk and dairy products, fish, meat and processed foods in general.|
P42-U08|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco|||Cigar, cigarette, curing, drying, harvesting, planting
P42-U09|Current|(2015-    )|Packaging; Canning; Tinning; Bottling||Novel aspects of packaging are covered by codes in classes Q31 to Q34.|
P42-U13|Current|(2015-    )|Pharmaceutical; Medical|||
P42-U14|Current|(2015-    )|Laboratory|||
P42-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Civil Engineering; Construction; Buildings|||
P42-U19|Current|(2015-    )|Furniture|||
P42-U30|Current|(2015-    )|Sports, toys, entertainment and leisure||Includes sports equipment, sports stadiums, ice rinks, ski slopes, entertainment venues, leisure pursuits, games and toys. Specific details of inventions in these fields are covered by P36 codes in general and W04-X codes in the case of electrical aspects.|
P42-U37|Current|(2015-    )|Scented/therapeutic/insect repellent|||
P42-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial||Covers general or non-specific industrial applications not covered by other application codes.|
P42-U41|Current|(2015-    )|General functional applications|||
P42-U41E|Current|(2015-    )|Insulating|||
P42-U41F|Current|(2015-    )|Waterproofing|||
P42-U41H|Current|(2015-    )|Coating|||
P42-U41H1|Current|(2015-    )|Painting, lacquering, applying protective coatings|||
P42-U50|Current|(2015-    )|Personal|||
P42-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P42-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of spraying, atomizing, coating, surface treatment and liquid application|||
P43|Old|(1980-2014)|Sorting, cleaning, waste disposal|||
P43|Current|(2015-    )|Generating and using mechanical vibrations, cleaning, waste disposal||From 2015 manual codes have been applied for mechanical aspects of generation and use of mechanical vibrations, cleaning, and waste disposal. Prior to 2015 this class included separation of solids and sorting, now respectively covered by P41-E and P41-K codes.|
P43-A|Current|(2015-    )|Generating and using mechanical vibrations||These codes cover the generation and use of mechanical vibrations for performing mechanical work and not for the purpose of generating audible sound. Audio transducers are covered by V06-V codes and sound production in general by P86 codes.|
P43-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Vibration generators||Electrical aspects of small-scale vibration generators are covered by V06-V04C and other V06 codes as appropriate. Large-scale (i.e. industrial) vibration generators with electrical aspects are covered by X25-L05.|
P43-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Coupling or transmitting mechanical vibrations|||
P43-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of generating and using mechanical vibrations|||
P43-B|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning in general||See also under the specific item or substance being cleaned. P43-B01 codes and P43-B05 are assigned according to the form of the substance performing the actual cleaning. For example, a water tank for steam cleaning equipment is coded as P43-B01C and not P43-B01A. Dry cleaning (of textiles and garments) is not included and is covered by F03-J04 with electrical aspects also covered by X25-H09 (industrial scale) or X27-D09 (domestic scale).|
P43-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning involving liquids, vapors or steam|||
P43-B01A|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning involving liquids||Covers cleaning using liquid-phase materials only. The use of vapors, mists or aerosols of condensed fluid droplets is covered by P43-B01C.|Fluid, solution, solvent
P43-B01C|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning involving vapors or steam||Includes steam cleaning and suspensions of e.g. fluid droplets in air.|Aerosol, droplet, mist, vapor
P43-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning involving air or gas flow||Includes use of gases or gas mixtures made up of substances normally existing in a gaseous state and also suction-based cleaning excluding domestic suction cleaners which are covered by X27-D04 codes. Cleaning using vaporized substances is covered by P43-B01C.|Air line, blast, canned air, compressed air
P43-B07|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning involving external energy||Covers application of energy to the item or substance being cleaned to perform or expedite cleaning.|
P43-B07A|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning involving large-scale mechanical agitation|||Agitate, shake, stir
P43-B07C|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning involving sonic or ultrasonic energy||Electrical aspects of ultrasonic cleaning are covered by X25-H09A.|
P43-B07X|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning involving other types of energy||Involves application of mechanical energy, e.g. in the form of impacts.|
P43-B08|Current|(2015-    )|Measures to avoid the need for cleaning||Covers arrangements for confining dirt, dust, contaminants, etc. and also selection of surface characteristics to reduce adhesion of unwanted substances.|Contamination, contour, deposition, form, fouling, fumes, shape
P43-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other general cleaning|||
P43-E|Current|(2015-    )|General solid waste disposal|||Dump, garbage, MSW, municipal solid waste, refuse, rubbish, tip, trash
P43-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Solid waste disposal by burning||Novel aspects of apparatus for combustion are covered by Q73 codes.|Furnace, incinerator
P43-E03|Current|(2015-    )|Solid waste disposal by burying or dumping||Includes landfill disposal.|Bury, cover, compact
P43-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Solid waste disposal by treating or converting||Covers treatment of waste to reduce e.g. odor and conversion into useful product.|Deodorize, detoxify, make safe, recycle
P43-E99|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of general solid waste disposal|||
P43-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of apparatus for generating and using mechanical vibrations, cleaning or waste disposal||This code covers cleaning, maintenance or repair of apparatus or systems covered by P43-A, P43-B, P43E, and P43-J codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|Maintain, service, schedule
P43-J|Current|(2015-    )|Contaminated soil or ground treatment||Includes treatment of ground contamination to remove biohazards, toxins, and the like following chemical accidents or spillages or to reduce the effects of industrial pollution.|Reclamation
P43-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture and testing of apparatus for generating and using mechanical vibrations, cleaning or waste disposal||This code covers manufacture of apparatus or systems covered by P43-A, P43-B, P43E, and P43-J codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|Build, evaluate, production line, QA, quality assurance
P43-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of mechanical vibration generators, cleaning and solid waste disposal apparatus||These codes are assigned with P43-A, P43-B, P43E, and P43-J codes which are also assigned as appropriate to denote the type of apparatus or process in which they are used. For example P43-A01 is assigned with P43-T01A for novel constructional details of driving arrangements for vibration generators. When novelty involves materials used in e.g. part of a machine, P43-T50 is also assigned.|
P43-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Casings, housings and frames of mechanical vibration generators, cleaning and solid waste disposal apparatus|||Case, enclosure, framework
P43-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Driving arrangements of mechanical vibration generators, cleaning and solid waste disposal apparatus||This code covers gearing and other mechanical aspects of equipment and machines. Novel electrical aspects are not specifically included and are covered by X25 codes and V06 or X11 codes for electric machine details.|Ball-race, bearing, clutch, crown-gear, drive-belt, gearbox, idler, lever, linkage, mechanical, mechanism, motor, pinion, pivot, pulley, rack-and-pinion, reciprocating, rotating, shaft, v-belt, worm-gear
P43-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional material||This code is used in conjunction with other P43-T codes to indicate the use of a novel material in a machine or similar. Specific details of novel materials are represented by codes outside P43, such as M27 codes for steels or section A codes for plastics materials which are also applied as appropriate.|
P43-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of mechanical vibration generators, cleaning and solid waste disposal apparatus|||
P43-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications of mechanical vibration generators, cleaning and solid waste disposal apparatus||These codes are assigned as necessary to indicate significant applications of apparatus for generating and using mechanical vibrations, cleaning, or waste disposal.|
P43-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic||Includes general or non-specific domestic applications. Can be used in conjunction with other specific codes as required.|
P43-U02|Current|(2015-    )|Commercial||Includes general commercial applications. Can be used alone or in conjunction with other specific applications.|
P43-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||Includes all land, air and space vehicles and also watercraft.|
P43-U05|Current|(2015-    )|Agriculture; Farming|||
P43-U06|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacturing plants|||
P43-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food|||
P43-U08|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco industry|||
P43-U09|Current|(2015-    )|Packaging; Canning; Tinning; Bottling||Novel aspects of packaging are covered by codes in classes Q31 to Q34.|
P43-U10|Current|(2015-    )|Cooking and baking|||
P43-U13|Current|(2015-    )|Pharmaceutical; Medical|||
P43-U14|Current|(2015-    )|Laboratory|||
P43-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Civil Engineering; Construction; Buildings|||
P43-U18|Current|(2015-    )|Mining|||
P43-U25|Current|(2015-    )|Chemical engineering; Refinery/chemical plant|||
P43-U26|Current|(2015-    )|Metallurgy|||
P43-U30|Current|(2015-    )|Sports, toys, entertainment and leisure||Includes sports equipment, sports stadiums, ice rinks, ski slopes, entertainment venues, leisure pursuits, games and toys. Specific details of inventions in these fields are covered by P36 codes in general and W04-X codes in the case of electrical aspects.|
P43-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P43-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other generation and use of mechanical vibrations, cleaning, or waste disposal|||
P5|Current|(1980-    )|Shaping metal|||
P51|Old|(1980-2014)|Rolling, Drawing, Extruding|||
P51|Current|(2015-    )|Metal Rolling, Drawing, Extruding||Electrical details of metal rolling, drawing and extruding are coded under X25-A02B and T06-D05A1 (control details). General metal working where the technique is not specified is coded under P56-X.|
P51-A|Current|(2015-    )|Metal rolling||Includes hot rolling, cold rolling, roll bending, roll forming, flat rolling, ring rolling, structural shape rolling and tube rolling.|Foil rolling
P51-B|Current|(2015-    )|Metal drawing||Includes sheet metal drawing and bar, tube and wire drawing. Electrical details of wire drawing are coded under X25-A02E.|Deep drawing
P51-C|Current|(2015-    )|Metal extruding||Includes hot, cold and warm extrusion.|Metal extrusion
P51-G|Current|(2015-    )|Maintenance and repair of rolling, drawing, extruding systems|||Roll maintenance, de-scaling
P51-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of rolling, drawing, extruding components||Electrical details of recycling systems are coded under X25-W04.|
P51-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of rolling, drawing, extruding systems|||
P51-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Rolls; Rolling balance system||Includes backup rolls, work rolls, etc. Also includes roll mountings, arrangements to maintain correct position of rolls and roll changing devices.|Roller, rolling stand frame, interchanging rolls, overhead crane
P51-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Drive motors; Pinions; Gearing||In-depth details of motors are covered by X11 codes.|Spindle
P51-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Drums|||Capstan
P51-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Grippers|||
P51-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Dies; Mandrels; Presses; Stocks||Includes draw bench. Also includes guides and supports of mandrels.|Die holder, extrusion press
P51-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control and safety arrangements||Includes arrangements for freeing jammed rolls, preventing fracture of rolls or removing fumes. Electrical details are covered under T06-D05A1.|Breaker blocks, protection
P51-T22|Current|(2015-    )|Cooling and lubrication arrangements||This code can be used in conjunction with other P51-T codes, i.e. cooling arrangements of mandrels are coded under P51-T22 together with P51-T13. Includes cooling of finished workpieces.|Phosphate coating, cooling beds
P51-T25|Current|(2015-    )|Work feeding/guiding arrangements; Coiling||Includes arrangements for moving work between different stations/steps, turning over sheets, etc, arrangements for dealing with multi-layer sheets of metal, e.g. for separating the different sheets of metal after the rolling process, and for separating the work from the mandrel. Also includes arrangements for coiling metal wire or band.|Carriage, drive
P51-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of rolling, drawing, extruding systems||Includes arrangements for removing machining waste from the machine and storage of finished items.|Debris disposal, coilers, uncoilers, rams, plungers
P51-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
P51-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||Planes, cars, ships
P51-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial||This code is applied for manufacture of industrial parts, such as blades, etc. Manufacture of vehicle parts are coded under P51-U03 only.|
P51-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P52|Old|(1980-2014)|Metal Punching, working, forging|||
P52|Current|(2015-    )|Metal Punching, Working and Forging||With the exception of metal punching, P52 codes cover metalworking processes where the workpiece is reshaped without adding or removing material. Electrical details of metal forging are coded under X25-A02C and T06-D05A (control details), and electrical details of metal hammering, bending and punching are coded under X25-A02D and T06-D05A (control details).|
P52-A|Current|(2015-    )|Preliminary treatment||Includes preparation of metal stock. This code can be used in conjunction with P52-B, P52-C, or P52-D codes.|
P52-B|Current|(2015-    )|Metal punching|||Perforating, stabbing, piercing
P52-C|Current|(2015-    )|Metal forging/hammering/pressing/riveting|||Forge furnace
P52-D|Current|(2015-    )|Metal working (excluding metal punching or forging)|||
P52-D01|Current|(2015-    )|Metal straightening/stretching|||
P52-D02|Current|(2015-    )|Metal bending||Includes metal corrugating, metal coiling, flanging and edge-curling. |Twisting
P52-D03|Current|(2015-    )|Stamping|||
P52-D04|Current|(2015-    )|Spinning|||
P52-D05|Current|(2015-    )|Metal drawing|||Cold drawing, deep drawing
P52-D06|Current|(2015-    )|Wire working||Includes wire coiling, bending, twisting, cutting, splitting, straining, etc.|
P52-D99|Current|(2015-    )|Other metal working processes||Includes flanging, etc. Also includes finishing details such as attaching head to a drawing-pin, and metal shaping using fluid pressure, shock waves, etc.|Chemical explosives, edge-curling, edge-strengthening, edge armoring
P52-G|Current|(2015-    )|Maintenance and repair of punching, working and forging systems|||
P52-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of punching, working and forging components||Electrical details of recycling systems are coded under X25-W04.|
P52-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of punching, working and forging systems||Constructional details of presses are also covered under P71, and constructional details of furnaces are also covered under Q77.|
P52-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Bolster plates|||
P52-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Dies; Die cushions|||Die holder, die mounting
P52-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Rams; Anvils; Hammers|||
P52-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Blank holders|||Mounting
P52-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Frames; Casing|||Supports, feet
P52-T08|Current|(2015-    )|Mandrels|||
P52-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Burr prevention/removal arrangements|||Shoulder prevention
P52-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control and safety arrangements|||Barrier guards, protection
P52-T22|Current|(2015-    )|Cooling and lubrication arrangements||Includes cooling arrangements of finished workpieces.|Cooling beds
P52-T25|Current|(2015-    )|Workpiece feeding/guiding arrangements||Includes feeding of wire.|
P52-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of punching, working and forging systems||Includes storage of finished items.|Debris disposal
P52-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
P52-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
P52-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial||Manufacture of vehicle parts is coded in P52-U03 only. Also covers manufacture of tools, including garden tools, and locksmith items.|Propeller blade, turbine blade, nails, blacksmith, chain, key
P52-U50|Current|(2015-    )|Personal|||Hair pins
P52-U50A|Current|(2015-    )|Jewellery|||
P52-U50B|Current|(2015-    )|Haberdashery|||
P52-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications||Includes manufacture of cutlery.|
P53|Old|(1980-2014)|Metal Casting, Powder Metallurgy|||
P53|Current|(2015-    )|Metal Casting and Powder Metallurgy|||
P53-A|Current|(2015-    )|Foundry moulding||Includes manufacture of moulds, cores and patterns. Details of cores/moulds per se are coded under P53-T02. Includes details for coating surfaces of mould/core/pattern and other finishing processes.|
P53-B|Current|(2015-    )|Metal Casting|||
P53-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Types of metal casting|||
P53-B01A|Current|(2015-    )|Continuous casting|||
P53-B01B|Current|(2015-    )|Expendable mould casting|||
P53-B01B1|Current|(2015-    )|Sand casting|||
P53-B01B2|Current|(2015-    )|Investment casting|||Lost wax
P53-B01B9|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of expendable mould casting|||
P53-B01C|Current|(2015-    )|Non-expendable mould casting|||
P53-B01C1|Current|(2015-    )|Permanent mould casting|||
P53-B01C2|Current|(2015-    )|Die casting|||
P53-B01C9|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of non-expendable mould casting|||Centrifugal casting
P53-B01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of mould casting|||
P53-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Pre-casting treatment|||
P53-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Post-casting treatment||Includes removing castings from moulds, cooling castings (see also P53-T25) and cutting-off surplus material.|
P53-C|Current|(2015-    )|Powder Metallurgy||Fiber reinforcement is coded in M22-H03D. Post treatment/impregnation is coded in M22-H03E. Composite layers and materials are coded in M22-H03F. Metal matrix composites are coded in M22-H03F1. Ceramic matrix composites are coded in M22-H03F2.|
P53-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Powder manufacture||Powder manufacture is also coded in M22-H01.|
P53-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Powder blending|||
P53-C03|Current|(2015-    )|Compacting and/or sintering||Compacting only is also coded in M22-H03A, sintering only is also coded in M22-H03B, and compacting and sintering is also coded in M22-H03C.|
P53-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other powder metallurgy details|||
P53-G|Current|(2015-    )|Maintenance and repair of foundry moulding, metal casting and powder metallurgy systems||Includes removal of tundish skulls.|Skimming
P53-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of foundry moulding, metal casting and powder metallurgy components||Electrical details of recycling systems are coded under X25-W04.|
P53-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of foundry moulding, metal casting and powder metallurgy systems|||
P53-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of moulding machines||Includes details of the system conveying liquid material to the mould such as gating system, riser and riser aids, ladles and tundishes.|mould table, flask, sprue, pouring cup, gates, runners
P53-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Moulds, cores or patterns||Includes additives for e.g. separating the casting from the mould, protecting the casting, etc. Machines used to make the moulds, cores or patterns are coded under P53-T01.|Binding agents, grain structure
P53-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Lubrication details|||
P53-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control and safety arrangements|||Barrier guards, supervision
P53-T25|Current|(2015-    )|Cooling arrangements of finished workpieces||Cooling of cast workpieces are also coded under P53-B05.|Cooling beds
P53-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of metal casting and powder metallurgy systems||Includes storage of finished items.|Debris disposal
P53-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
P53-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
P53-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial|||Turbine blade, engine valves, machine components
P53-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P53-V|Current|(2015-    )|Types of materials processed|||
P53-V02|Current|(2015-    )|Ferrous metals|||
P53-V02A|Current|(2015-    )|Cast iron|||
P53-V02B|Current|(2015-    )|Steels|||
P53-V02F|Current|(2015-    )|Nickel-free special alloys||Additional code for special alloys, e.g. for medicinal devices.|
P53-V02X|Current|(2015-    )|Other iron alloys|||
P53-V03|Current|(2015-    )|Light metals|||
P53-V03A|Current|(2015-    )|Aluminum (alloys)|||
P53-V03B|Current|(2015-    )|Magnesium (alloys)|||
P53-V03C|Current|(2015-    )|Titanium (alloys)|||
P53-V03X|Current|(2015-    )|Other lightweight alloys|||
P53-V04|Current|(2015-    )|Group 11 elements; Coinage metals|||
P53-V04A|Current|(2015-    )|Copper|||
P53-V04A1|Current|(2015-    )|Brass (Cu/Zn alloys)|||
P53-V04A2|Current|(2015-    )|Bronze (Cu/Sn alloys)|||
P53-V04A9|Current|(2015-    )|Other copper alloys|||
P53-V04E|Current|(2015-    )|Silver (alloys)|||Ag
P53-V04F|Current|(2015-    )|Gold (alloys)|||Au
P53-V04X|Current|(2015-    )|Other precious metals/alloys|||
P53-V05|Current|(2015-    )|Refractory metals|||
P53-V05A|Current|(2015-    )|Chromium (alloys)|||
P53-V05B|Current|(2015-    )|Molybdenum (alloys)|||
P53-V05C|Current|(2015-    )|Tungsten (alloys)|||
P53-V05E|Current|(2015-    )|Manganese||This code is always applied even when a minor component.|
P53-V05X|Current|(2015-    )|Other transition metals and their alloys|||
P53-V06|Current|(2015-    )|Soft metals|||
P53-V06A|Current|(2015-    )|Lead (alloys)|||
P53-V06B|Current|(2015-    )|Tin (alloys)|||
P53-V06C|Current|(2015-    )|Zinc (alloys)|||
P53-V06X|Current|(2015-    )|Other main group metals and their alloys|||
P53-V07|Current|(2015-    )|Nickel (alloys)|||
P53-V08|Current|(2015-    )|Cobalt (alloys)|||
P53-V09|Current|(2015-    )|Rare earth metals||This code is always applied even when a minor component.|
P53-V10|Current|(2015-    )|Composites with non-metallic inorganic materials||Non-metallic components are always coded even when a minor component.|
P53-V10A|Current|(2015-    )|Silicon, silicides|||
P53-V10B|Current|(2015-    )|Boron, borides|||
P53-V10C|Current|(2015-    )|Carbon, carbides|||
P53-V10D|Current|(2015-    )|Oxygen, metal oxides|||
P53-V10E|Current|(2015-    )|Chalcogens (S, Se, Te)|||
P53-V10F|Current|(2015-    )|Silicates, glass, ceramics|||
P53-V10X|Current|(2015-    )|Other inorganic materials|||
P53-V11|Current|(2015-    )|Composites with organic components, polymers||Includes metal/polymer composite materials, but not binders, lubricants or other auxiliaries.|
P54|Old|(1980-2014)|Metal milling, machining and electroworking|||
P54|Current|(2015-    )|Metal milling and other machining||P54 codes cover metal machining involving removal of material. From 2015, electroworking details have been removed from P54 and are coded by X25 and X24-F (electric discharge machining). P54 remains searchable for electroworking for records prior to 2015. General metal working where the technique is not specified is coded under P56-X.|
P54-A|Current|(2015-    )|Turning|||
P54-B|Current|(2015-    )|Boring and drilling|||
P54-C|Current|(2015-    )|Milling|||
P54-D|Current|(2015-    )|Metal working involving removal of material (excluding turning, boring and milling)|||
P54-D01|Current|(2015-    )|Planing; Slotting|||
P54-D02|Current|(2015-    )|Shearing|||
P54-D03|Current|(2015-    )|Broaching|||
P54-D04|Current|(2015-    )|Sawing|||
P54-D05|Current|(2015-    )|Filing; Rasping|||
P54-D99|Current|(2015-    )|Other metal working involving removal of material (excluding turning, boring and milling)||Includes reaming bored holes.|
P54-E|Current|(2015-    )|Making gears or toothed racks||This code can be used in conjunction with other P54 codes to highlight the method used.|
P54-F|Current|(2015-    )|Thread cutting||This code can be used in conjunction with other P54 codes to highlight the method used. Includes cutting threads in screws, bolt heads and nuts.|
P54-G|Current|(2015-    )|Maintenance and repair of milling and machining systems||Includes sharpening of saw teeth.|
P54-H|Current|(2015-    )|Small-scale/handheld machines||This code should be used in conjunction with P54-A, P54-B, P54-C or P54-D.|Watchmaker, portable
P54-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of milling and machining components||Electrical details of recycling systems are coded under X25-W04.|
P54-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of milling and machining systems|||
P54-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Lathes||Includes lathes beds, headstocks and tailstocks.|
P54-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Drives; Gears||If part of a lathe, P51-T02 should be used together with P54-T01.|
P54-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Tools; Tool holders; Chucks; Mandrels||If part of a lathe, P51-T03 should be used together with P54-T01. Includes saw blades and arrangements for securing the tool in place.|Reamer, hacksaw, saw blade
P54-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Frames; Casing|||Supports, feet
P54-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control and safety arrangements|||Barrier guard, safety guard, protection
P54-T22|Current|(2015-    )|Cooling and lubrication arrangements|||
P54-T25|Current|(2015-    )|Workpiece feeding/guiding arrangements||Also includes arrangements for ejecting finished workpiece.|
P54-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of milling and machining systems|||Debris disposal, scraping
P54-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
P54-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
P54-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Building, construction industry|||
P54-U31|Current|(2015-    )|Weapons|||
P54-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial|||
P54-U50|Current|(2015-    )|Personal items|||
P54-U50A|Current|(2015-    )|Jewellery|||
P54-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P55|Old|(1980-2014)|Soldering, welding metal|||
P55|Current|(2015-    )|Welding and Soldering||From 2015, manual codes have been assigned for mechanical details of soldering and non-electric welding. X24 codes should be used for electric welding, e.g. laser welding, arc welding, etc.|
P55-A|Current|(2015-    )|Pre-treatment||This code should be used in conjunction with P55-B or P55-C for soldering/brazing or welding, respectively.|Preparation of surfaces, degreasing, oxides removal
P55-B|Current|(2015-    )|Soldering and Brazing||See also X24-A codes|
P55-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Soldering|||
P55-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Brazing|||
P55-B03|Current|(2015-    )|De-soldering|||Unsoldering
P55-C|Current|(2015-    )|Welding||Welding systems using electricity, such as arc welding, laser welding, ultrasonic welding, etc, are only coded under X24. Also includes details of scarfing two surfaces using flames.|
P55-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Gas welding/cutting||Includes gas cutting torches.|Gas flame welding, butane, propane
P55-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Solid state welding||Includes cold pressure welding, diffusion welding, explosion welding, forge welding, friction welding, hot pressure welding and roll welding.|
P55-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of welding||Includes exothermic welding.|
P55-D|Current|(2015-    )|Soldering and welding media|||
P55-D01|Current|(2015-    )|Solder, flux||See also X24-A01A.|
P55-D03|Current|(2015-    )|Welding rods and electrodes||Welding rods and electrodes feeders are coded under P55-T02B.|Wire
P55-D99|Current|(2015-    )|Other soldering and welding media|||
P55-G|Current|(2015-    )|Repair and maintenance of soldering and welding systems|||
P55-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of soldering and welding components|||
P55-T|Current|(2015-    )|Tools; Protective equipment; Control; Feeder and Dispensers||Includes soldering/brazing and welding tools.(De)soldering irons are coded under X24-A02A.|
P55-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Soldering torches; (De)soldering irons||Includes arrangements for guiding or supporting torches.|Propane torch, soldering bit
P55-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Feeders, dispensers and conveying systems|||
P55-T02A|Current|(2015-    )|Solder dispensers|||Solder melting pan
P55-T02B|Current|(2015-    )|Welding rods and electrodes feeders||Details of welding rods and electrodes per se are coded under P55-D03.|
P55-T02C|Current|(2015-    )|Work conveying/supporting systems; Automatic welding system||Includes arrangement for conveying work to be soldered/welded.|Driving mechanism, clamp
P55-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control and safety arrangements; Protective equipment||Includes protective masks, goggles etc and details of fire protection (see also P35). From 2017, details of cooling and lubrication arrangements are coded under P55-T20 (previously coded under P55-T99).|
P55-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other welding/soldering/brazing tools||Includes crocodile clips used as heat sinks, guides, cables and connectors. From 2017, details of cooling and lubrication arrangements are coded under P55-T20.|
P55-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
P55-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
P55-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Building, construction industry|||
P55-U40|Current|(2016-    )|Industrial||Includes welding/brazing of pipes in air conditioning systems, in factory units, etc.|
P55-U42|New|(2017-    )|Electronics|||Printed circuits
P55-U50|Current|(2015-    )|Personal items|||
P55-U50A|Current|(2015-    )|Jewellery|||
P55-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications||Includes details of specific structures made by soldering, welding or cutting, e.g. honeycomb structures.|
P56|Old|(1980-2014)|Machine tools|||
P56|Current|(2015-    )|Machine tools; Post-treatment for metal working||Metal rolling, drawing and extruding are coded under P51. Metal punching, working and working are coded under P52. Metal casting and powder metallurgy are coded under P53. Metal milling and machining are coded under P54. Soldering and welding metal are coded under P55.|
P56-A|Current|(2015-    )|Post-treatment for metal working||Includes treatment of finished surfaces/workpieces to improve resistance to wear or impact, etc.|Knurling
P56-B|Current|(2015-    )|Arrangements for setting precious stones to metal surfaces|||Diamond, gemstone
P56-C|Current|(2015-    )|Copying||Includes methods and systems for copying directly from a master model.|
P56-G|Current|(2015-    )|General cleaning, maintenance/repair of machine tools||Includes restoring or reconditioning objects, such as repairing fractures or cracked metal parts.|
P56-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of machine tools||Includes general details of machine tools. For specific applications, e.g. metal milling, metal rolling, etc, see P51 to P55 codes. Electrical details are coded under X25. Details of motors are coded under X11 and V06 for high power and low power, respectively.|
P56-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Frames; Beds; Tool supports|||Feet, casing, springs, tool holder
P56-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control, safety and cleaning arrangements||Includes protective covers, arrangements for preventing overload of tools, etc. Electric details are coded under X25 and T06 codes. Also includes cooling and lubrication arrangements, and cleaning arrangements for removing scrap from e.g. teeth of circular cutters, etc.|Control knobs, compensation, dust protection, splash guard
P56-T25|Current|(2015-    )|Workpiece holding/feeding/supporting arrangements||Includes arrangements for securing the workpiece in any desired position.|Clamps, index, guide
P56-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other details of machine tools||Includes equipment for storing tools when not in operation and combination of multiple metal-working machines.|
P56-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
P56-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
P56-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Building, construction industry|||
P56-U31|Current|(2015-    )|Weapons|||
P56-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial|||Tools
P56-U50|Current|(2015-    )|Personal items|||
P56-U50A|Current|(2015-    )|Jewellery|||
P56-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P56-X|Current|(2015-    )|Unspecified metal working processes and systems||Includes general metal working where the technique is not specified.|
P6|Current|(1980-    )|Shaping Non-Metals|||
P61|Old|(1980-2014)|Grinding, polishing|||
P61|Current|(2015-    )|Grinding and polishing||From 2015, P61 has been subdivided to cover mechanical details of grinding and polishing equipment and processes. See X25-A03C codes for electrical details.|
P61-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of grinding and polishing systems||These codes are applied to highlight the general type of grinding/polishing machine/mechanism. Use with other P61 codes as appropriate|
P61-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Grinding, abrading, honing, lapping, sharpening|||Sanding
P61-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Sharpening||See P61-V26 for sharpening of metal blades.|
P61-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Honing||Includes honing of engine cylinders. See also Q51-A codes for IC engine details.|
P61-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Lapping|||
P61-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Polishing, burnishing|||Stropping, buffing
P61-A20|Current|(2015-    )|Grinding/polishing mechanism||Use with P61-A01 codes as appropriate.|
P61-A20A|Current|(2015-    )|Rotary e.g. using grinding/polishing discs|||Angle grinder, rotary polisher
P61-A20B|Current|(2015-    )|Linear/reciprocating e.g. using grinding/polishing belts|||Belt sander
P61-A20C|Current|(2015-    )|Blasting with particulate material|||
P61-A20G|Current|(2015-    )|Portable grinding|||
P61-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of grinding and polishing systems|||
P61-F|Current|(2015-    )|Measuring, indicating, controlling grinding/polishing equipment||Includes all control and monitoring details. Use with e.g. X25, T06 and S02 codes as appropriate.|
P61-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, dressing, maintenance/repair of grinding equipment||Includes cleaning of grinding/polishing equipment, dressing/conditioning of grinding surfaces, etc.|
P61-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of grinding and polishing apparatus/media||Includes manufacture of grinding/polishing machines and their parts.|
P61-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of grinding and polishing components/media||Includes recovery and re-use or recycling of blast media, e.g. grit, soda.|
P61-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of grinding and polishing systems|||
P61-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Frames, beds, casings||Also see Q68 class.|
P61-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Headstocks; working spindles|||
P61-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Work support, table, conveyor belts||Also see Q35-B for mechanical conveyors per se, and X25-F01 for electrical details.|Jigs
P61-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Drive devices||Includes drive shafts, gearing, 90-degree drive adapters etc.|
P61-T08|Current|(2015-    )|Abrasion devices and media||Includes grinding/polishing discs, wheels and drums, grinding/polishing bands, and abrasion material blast devices and their media.|Grinding pads, sanding belt, nozzle, impeller
P61-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Safety devices||Includes protective guards.|
P61-T12|Current|(2015-    )|Dust extraction and suppression|||
P61-T13|Current|(2015-    )|Cooling and lubricating equipment||Includes cooling slots in grinding wheels as well as coolant/lubricant supply arrangements.|
P61-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of grinding and polishing systems|||
P61-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications||See other P and Q classes for mechanical applications and S-X codes for electrical applications.|
P61-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic||Includes general or non-specific domestic applications. Can be used in conjunction with other specific codes as required.|
P61-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||Includes motor vehicles, trains, boats and aircraft.|
P61-U05|Current|(2015-    )|Agriculture; Farming; Logging|||
P61-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food||See D11-D14 codes for further details of foodstuffs.|
P61-U08|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco||See P15 codes for details of tobacco per se.|
P61-U13|Current|(2015-    )|Pharmaceutical; Medical||See P3 codes for mechanical details of medical equipment.|
P61-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Civil Engineering; Construction; Buildings||Includes grinding of materials used in roads, railroads, waterways, canals, buildings. See Q4 codes for further details of civil engineering and construction.|Railway
P61-U18|Current|(2015-    )|Mining; Drilling||See P61-V22 for grinding of ores, coal etc. See P61-A01A also for sharpening of drill bits.|
P61-U19|Current|(2015-    )|Furniture||Includes grinding and polishing of wood during cabinet making and furniture construction.|Chair, sofa, table, bed
P61-U20|Current|(2015-    )|Waste disposal, waste treatment, recycling||Includes grinding materials for recycling. Can be assigned with other specific codes as appropriate, e.g. P61-U03 for scrapping/crushing motor cars.|
P61-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P61-V|Current|(2015-    )|Materials ground or polished|||
P61-V11|Current|(2015-    )|Wood||See X25-A10 for electrical details of wood working.|
P61-V13|Current|(2015-    )|Plastic; Composite; Rubber; Resin||See section A codes for polymers per se.|
P61-V15|Current|(2015-    )|Glass||See L01 codes for glass per se.|
P61-V20|Current|(2015-    )|Ceramic; Porcelain; Concrete||Includes grinding of tiles and bricks. See L02 codes for ceramics/cement per se.|
P61-V22|Current|(2015-    )|Stone; Rock; Ores; Slate, Minerals||Includes grinding of all rocks, stones, ores/minerals.|Granite, sandstone, coal, chalk, diamonds, sapphires, gemstones
P61-V26|Current|(2015-    )|Metals||Includes grinding honing, sharpening etc. of metal blades, razors, engine cylinders etc. See section M codes for metals per se. See P54 for metal milling.|Steel, aluminum, iron
P61-V99|Current|(2015-    )|Other materials processed|||
P62|Old|(1980-2014)|Hand tools, cutting|||
P62|Current|(2015-    )|Hand tools, cutting|||
P62-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of hand/portable power tools|||
P62-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Pliers; tweezers|||
P62-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Spanners; wrenches||Includes ring, open ended, ratchet wrenches and socket sets.|Torque wrench, spanner
P62-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Screwdrivers||Includes impact driver.|
P62-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Wire/strip fastening, connecting and tensioning tools|||
P62-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Fastening/separating tools||Includes tools for fastening or connecting two or more parts together with or without deformation and for unfastening parts. For application of nails/staples see Q61-A06. Includes tools for inserting bearing races, cotter pins, bushes etc. and removing broken drill bits.|
P62-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Nailing and stapling tools||Includes hand-held stapling tools, and nail/staple punching, extracting and straightening tools. Includes tools for applying other fastening elements.|Nail gun, staple gun, stapler
P62-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Hammers||Includes all types of hammer.|Club hammer
P62-A08|Current|(2015-    )|Chisels|||
P62-A75|Current|(2015-    )|Combination or multipurpose hand/portable tools||Includes tools with multiple functions. Can be applied in conjunction with other individual tool types as required.|
P62-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other hand/portable tools (except cutting)|||
P62-B|Current|(2015-    )|Hand cutting/perforating/punching tools||Includes tools for cutting, bevelling, grooving, slitting, punching, perforating, cutting-out, shaving.|
P62-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Punching; punches||Includes centre punches and other punching tools.|
P62-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Perforating|||
P62-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Cutting-out; Stamping out||Includes press type tools.|
P62-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Knives|||
P62-B07|Current|(2015-    )|Scissors; shears|||Garden shears, pinking shears
P62-B08|Current|(2015-    )|Clippers; shavers|||
P62-B09|Current|(2015-    )|Razors|||
P62-B10|Current|(2015-    )|Axes; hatchets|||
P62-B50|Current|(2015-    )|Severing/tearing devices||Includes arrangement for severing workpiece/material without cutting, e.g. by heating or squeezing.|
P62-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other hand/portable cutting tools|||
P62-D|Current|(2015-    )|Workshop equipment; work holders; vices; clamps|||
P62-D01|Current|(2015-    )|Work benches; stands; trestles; supports||Includes benches, tables, supports, jigs etc. on which workpiece is being machined/worked.|
P62-D02|Current|(2015-    )|Vices; clamps; gripping heads||Includes arrangements for gripping tools or workpieces. Includes magnetic and vacuum work holders.|Sash clamp, G-clamp, workpiece holder
P62-D03|Current|(2015-    )|Workpiece/material feeding||Includes arrangements for feeding workpiece being machined.|
P62-D05|Current|(2015-    )|Tool storage||Includes tool storage boxes, racks, trays.|
P62-D08|Current|(2015-    )|Marking out or setting out work||Includes scribes.|
P62-D99|Current|(2015-    )|Other workshop equipment|||
P62-E|Current|(2015-    )|Manipulators||Includes mechanical details of manipulators. See also Q35-B. See X25-A03E for electrical details of manipulators.|
P62-F|Current|(2015-    )|Measuring, indicating, sensing, controlling hand/portable tools||Includes mechanical control elements and program control. See T06 for general electrical control and T01 for computer control as appropriate.|
P62-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of hand and cutting tools||Includes arrangements for cleaning, lubricating and sharpening tools. See P61-A01A for sharpening per se.|Refurbishment
P62-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/Pre-use treatment of hand and cutting tools||Includes equipment and methods of manufacturing the hand/cutting tool per se.|
P62-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of hand and cutting tools|||
P62-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Handles and handle attachment arrangements|||
P62-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Tool bits||Includes screwdriver bits, wrench bits/sockets, and bit holders/chucks.|
P62-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Hammer heads|||
P62-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Drive arrangements||Includes percussion arrangements, such as electromotors, electromagnetic drives, centrifugal and rotary drive arrangements, fluid pressure drives, e.g. using compressed air, IC engines or detonation of cartridge, and mechanical drives, such as ratchet mechanisms, cams, cranks, worms, gearing etc. Also includes joints, wrists and arms used in manipulators. See X25-A03 codes for electrical aspects of hand tools.|Drive mechanism
P62-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Noise/vibration dampers||Includes vibration absorbing.|
P62-T06|Current|(2015-    )|Dust/waste extraction||Includes removal of waste material and dust.|
P62-T07|Current|(2015-    )|Safety devices||Includes guards and sheaths.|
P62-T08|Current|(2015-    )|Chambers||Includes chambers provided with manipulator devices or holes to allow working by hand.|
P62-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Heating and cooling arrangements|||
P62-T12|Current|(2016-    )|Cutting elements/blades||Includes cutting surfaces and blades. Also see P62-B codes for type of cutting device.|Razor blade, cutter, knife
P62-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional materials||Novel materials only. Should be used in conjunction with other P62-T codes.|
P62-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details|||
P62-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications||See S-X codes for electrical applications.|
P62-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic||Includes general or non-specific domestic applications. Can be used in conjunction with other specific codes as required.|
P62-U02|Current|(2015-    )|Commercial||Includes general commercial applications. Can be used alone or in conjunction with other specific applications.|
P62-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||Includes hand tools for assembling vehicles (see Q16-D codes also) or parts of vehicles.|
P62-U05|Current|(2015-    )|Agriculture; Farming; Logging||Includes shears for shearing sheep and well as sheers for cutting grass.|
P62-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food||Includes wooden batons and truncheons|
P62-U08|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco|||
P62-U13|Current|(2015-    )|Pharmaceutical; Medical||Includes fastening of wires/rods/bolts used in surgical applications.|
P62-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Civil Engineering; Construction; Buildings|||
P62-U18|Current|(2015-    )|Mining; Drilling|||
P62-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P62-V|Current|(2015-    )|Materials machined/cut|||
P62-V11|Current|(2015-    )|Wood||See X25-A10 for electrical details of wood working/cutting.|
P62-V12|Current|(2015-    )|Paper|||
P62-V13|Current|(2015-    )|Plastic; Composite; Rubber; Resin||See section A codes for polymers per se.|
P62-V15|Current|(2015-    )|Glass|||
P62-V20|Current|(2015-    )|Ceramic; Pottery; Porcelain; Concrete|||
P62-V22|Current|(2015-    )|Stone; Rock; Ores; Slate, Minerals||Includes grinding of all rocks, stones, ores/minerals.|Sandstone, chalk, diamonds, sapphires, gemstones
P62-V31|Current|(2015-    )|Fabric; Leather|||
P62-V99|Current|(2015-    )|Other materials processed|||
P63|Old|(1980-2014)|Working, preserving wood|||
P63|Current|(2015-    )|Working, preserving wood|||
P63-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of wood working/preserving systems||Includes working and treating of bark, cane, cork, straw, reeds etc.|
P63-A01|Current|(2015-    )|De-barking; removing branches/twigs||Includes peeling of osier rods and stripping bark from tree trunks.|
P63-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Splitting|||
P63-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Cutting; sawing||Includes circular saws, gang saws, reciprocating saws, band saws, strap saws, chain saws, etc.|Saw wires, twisted saw strips, cylinder saws
P63-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Planing; milling; sanding||See P61-A01 for grinding/sanding in general.|Grinding
P63-A08|Current|(2015-    )|Drilling|||
P63-A09|Current|(2015-    )|Routing|||
P63-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Turning||Includes lathe to turn wood.|
P63-A15|Current|(2015-    )|Joining||Includes jointing, nailing, stapling, gluing and pressing.|Dovetails, mortises, tenons, dowels, biscuit
P63-A18|Current|(2015-    )|Bending||Includes bending wood e.g. by steam or pressure.|
P63-A30|Current|(2015-    )|Wood treating/preserving||Includes staining, impregnating, dyeing, bleaching and dampening wood, reeds, cork etc.|
P63-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of wood working/preserving systems|||
P63-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of wood working/preserving systems||Includes arrangements for clearing sawdust and shavings from wood working tools. Includes sharpening of cutting blades and lubrication of tool drives. Includes cleaning of implements used to dye, varnish or stain workpieces.|
P63-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of wood working tools/workpieces||Includes methods of manufacturing wood working tools.|
P63-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling/recovery of wood/timber; Use of waste material||Includes all processes for manufacturing wood wool, wood shaving/chips, wood fibers and wood powder/sawdust whether from waste wood/timber or not.|
P63-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of wood working/preserving systems|||
P63-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Wood splitting tools||Includes wedges, knives, spreaders, chopping blocks etc. For splitting wood.|
P63-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Saw blades/cutting elements||Includes saw blades, chains, wires and toothed cylinders for all types of power and hand saws. Also includes saw blade tensioning arrangements.|Cutter blocks
P63-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Planes/Spokeshaves blades/blade adjusters|||
P63-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Sanding elements||Includes wood sanding blocks.|
P63-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Drive arrangements||Includes drive shafts, gearings, worms.|
P63-T06|Current|(2015-    )|Braking arrangements|||
P63-T07|Current|(2016-    )|Drilling/honing/routing elements||Includes auger/router bit and drill bits per se.|
P63-T13|Current|(2015-    )|Heating and cooling arrangements||Includes hot tables for warming veneers.|
P63-T14|Current|(2015-    )|Lubricating arrangements|||
P63-T19|Current|(2015-    )|Fastener feeding, driving, bending arrangements||Includes feeding and inserting nails and staples.|
P63-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Work benches; frames; pillars, workpiece guides; clamps||Includes guide fences and stops for saw mills or sawing machines, static and portable clamps, presses e.g. used to adhere veneer or form plywood, arrangements for feeding, loading, turning and conveying timber/wood and feed chains/rollers.|Work tables, stops, presses, workpiece feeders, G-clamp, sash clamp
P63-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of wood working/preserving systems|||
P63-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
P63-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||Includes wooden dashboards and other vehicle parts.|
P63-U05|Current|(2015-    )|Trees; Logging; Timber||Includes sustainable forest management.|
P63-U08|Current|(2015-    )|Tobacco||Includes wooden pipes.|
P63-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Civil Engineering; Construction; Buildings||Includes recovery and reconditioning of railway sleepers. Also includes manufacture of wooden stairs, handrails. See Q4 codes for further details.|
P63-U18|Current|(2015-    )|Mining; Drilling||Includes wooden mine props/supports.|
P63-U19|Current|(2015-    )|Furniture||Includes manufacture of wooden chairs, tables, cupboards etc.|Sofa, bed
P63-U30|Current|(2015-    )|Sports, toys, entertainment and leisure||Includes wooden bats and racquets, bowling pins etc. See P36 for sports equipment per se.|
P63-U50|Current|(2015-    )|Personal||Includes manufacture of wooden walking sticks and jewellery.|
P63-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P64|Old|(1980-2014)|Working cement, clay, stone|||
P64|Current|(2015-    )|Working cement, clay, stone|||
P64-A|Current|(2015-    )|Clay/Clay mixture production/processing|||
P64-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Producing/processing clay suspensions||Includes production and processing of clay slurries and fluidic clay compositions, e.g. by blunging.|
P64-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Producing/processing clay non-fluidic compositions||Includes homogenizing, comminuting and conditioning clay in non-fluidic condition.|
P64-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of cement, clay, stone working systems|||
P64-C|Current|(2015-    )|Shaping clay/clay mixtures|||
P64-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Casting||Includes centrifugal/rotational casting and slip casting.|
P64-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Moulding||Includes all types of moulding.|
P64-C03|Current|(2015-    )|Working shaped/moulded articles||Includes attaching handles and spouts as well as refinishing (corrugating, smoothing), removing burrs etc.|
P64-C04|Current|(2015-    )|Finishing shaped/moulded articles||Includes coating, glazing, curing, setting and hardening of moulded articles.|
P64-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other cement/clay shaping|||
P64-E|Current|(2015-    )|Working stone/stone-like materials|||
P64-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Cutting; splitting||Includes cutting stone into slabs, splitting slates etc.|
P64-E03|Current|(2015-    )|Boring; drilling|||
P64-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Turning; milling; planing|||
P64-E50|Current|(2015-    )|Working specific materials|||
P64-E50A|Current|(2015-    )|Stones; Rocks; Bricks; Concrete; Tiles||Includes working of granite, limestone, sandstone, chalk, bricks, tiles, concrete, pottery, mica, slate, schist etc.|
P64-E50E|Current|(2015-    )|Gems; jewels; crystals||Includes precious stones.|
P64-E50Z|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific materials|||
P64-E99|Current|(2015-    )|Other stone working arrangements|||
P64-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of cement, clay, stone working systems||Includes dressing milling discs and rollers. Also includes cleaning of clay/stone/cement machinery and produced articles.|
P64-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling/recovery of cement, clay, stone working components||Includes recycling of used clay/slip.|
P64-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of cement, clay, pottery, stone working systems|||
P64-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Moulds; cores; mandrels||Includes novel aspects of all types of mould, core or mandrels.|
P64-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Work/material support/conveying/feeding/discharging||Includes feeding/discharging material as well as moving moulds on conveyor.|
P64-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Cutting devices||Includes saws and chisels.|
P64-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Drills; boring devices|||Drill
P64-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Turning/milling/grinding machines/devices||See also P61 for specific grinding/milling equipment in general.|
P64-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Safety devices||Includes protective guards.|
P64-T12|Current|(2015-    )|Dust extraction/suppression|||
P64-T13|Current|(2015-    )|Heating; cooling; (de)humidifying equipment||Includes means for heating or cooling material in mould.|
P64-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details|||
P7|Current|(1980-    )|Pressing, Printing|||
P71|Old|(1980-2014)|Presses|||
P71|Current|(2015-    )|Presses||Details of all types of presses and their operation and structure etc.|
P71-A|Current|(2015-    )|Press Type/Function|||
P71-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Types of presses|||
P71-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Press brake; frame-type press||Includes C-frame presses; open-frame presses; open back inclinable presses; press brakes.|Press brake
P71-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Horn press|||
P71-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Arch press|||
P71-A01D|Current|(2015-    )|Straight-side press|||
P71-A01E|Current|(2015-    )|Turret press|||Turret punch
P71-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific types of presses||Includes non defined press types and presses other than defined in A01A to A01F codes.|
P71-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Main press function|||
P71-A10A|Current|(2015-    )|Forming/Shaping||Includes using presses for bending, forming, drawing, cold-working, hot-working, seaming, stamping.|
P71-A10C|Current|(2015-    )|Punching; blanking; broaching||Includes cutting shapes out of material. Using blanking tool.|Broaching
P71-A10E|Current|(2015-    )|Baling||Includes using baling press for e.g. waste paper.|
P71-A10F|Current|(2015-    )|Compacting/consolidating material e.g. scrap material||Includes crushing for e.g. cars. Compacting press.|Car crusher
P71-A10H|Current|(2015-    )|Squeezing out liquids from materials||Squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material, filtering, e.g. straining solids from liquids, using presses in combination with filtering elements expelling water from textile fabrics or laundry.|Fluid expel, oil expel, water expel
P71-A10X|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific press functions|||
P71-B|Current|(2015-    )|Press action||Electrical details of presses are coded under X25.|
P71-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Using press ram/platen||Includes presses using hydraulic/pneumatic drive, mechanical drive, levers, toggle mechanisms, screws, rack and pinion, and eccentric shafts, cams, cranks and knuckle joints.|Bramah press, chains, ropes
P71-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Using rotary press members||Includes presses using rotary worms and screws, rotary rollers, rings and discs.|Rotary press, screw press
P71-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Using other press types/actions||Includes presses using deformable member, e.g. diaphragm, or endless steel bands used e.g. for producing chipboard.|Diaphragm press, filter press
P71-T|Current|(2015-    )|Press construction|||
P71-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Frames; Beds||Includes beds e.g. for solid-bed, open-bed and adjustable bed presses. Also includes supports and feet.|
P71-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Bolster plates|||
P71-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Platens; Rams; Anvils|||
P71-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Drive arrangements||Includes gears, brakes, clutches and flywheels.|
P71-T07|Current|(2015-    )|Dies; Die sets; Die shoes|||Die cushions
P71-T08|Current|(2015-    )|Rollers; Screws||Includes pocketed rollers e.g. used to form tablets.|
P71-T15|Current|(2015-    )|Hydraulic and pneumatic systems||Includes press cylinders; pistons.|Piston, cylinder
P71-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control and safety arrangements||Includes measuring, indicating and controlling systems (mechanical details only).|Monitoring, safety
P71-T22|Current|(2015-    )|Heating, cooling and lubrication arrangements|||
P71-T25|Current|(2015-    )|Material feed/discharge/conveying||Includes blank holders.|
P71-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel material details||Novel materials used for the press constructions only. Should be used in conjunction with other P71 codes as appropriate.|
P71-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details||Includes press accessories such as knives, knife mountings, etc.|
P71-U|Current|(2015-    )|Application of Presses||Characterized by what the press is used for.|
P71-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||For scrapping/crushing motor cars, and other vehicles.|
P71-U05|Current|(2015-    )|Agriculture; Farming||Includes arable farming, sowing and harvesting. See P71-A10E for baling.|Baler
P71-U06|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacturing plants||Includes application of presses used in manufacturing plants.|
P71-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food industry||Includes food shaping, e.g. for shaping dough.|
P71-U11|Current|(2015-    )|Printing industry||Electrical details of printing presses are covered by S06-C codes.|
P71-U13|Current|(2015-    )|Pharmaceutical; Medical|||
P71-U13A|Current|(2015-    )|Pharmaceutical||For tabletting pressing.|
P71-U13B|Current|(2015-    )|Medical||Includes the use of presses for the medical industry.|
P71-U20|Current|(2015-    )|Waste disposal and recycling||Can be assigned with other specific codes as appropriate, e.g. P71-U03 for scrapping/crushing motor cars.|Biomass waste briquetting, wood waste for making fuel logs
P71-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications||Applications of presses for uses not mentioned above.|
P71-V|Current|(2015-    )|Types of materials pressed||Characterized by the types of materials being pressed.|
P71-V01|Current|(2015-    )|Metals|||
P71-V11|Current|(2015-    )|Wood||E.g. for wood shaving or saw dust, forming chipboard.|Chipboard press
P71-V12|Current|(2015-    )|Paper|||
P71-V13|Current|(2015-    )|Plastic|||
P71-V99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific materials pressed|||
P72|Old|(1980-2014)|Working Paper|||
P72|Current|(2015-    )|Working Paper||Covers all paper working aspects, including the types of processing involved, apparatus used and types of paper articles worked.|
P72-A|Current|(2015-    )|Paper working process and apparatus||This section covers all aspects of paper processing and apparatus.|
P72-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Folding or creasing||Covers all methods of folding or creasing paper for various paper processes.|Fold, crease
P72-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Shaping||General shaping of paper or card.|Shaping
P72-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Cutting or punching||Any cutting aspects to do with working paper article. Includes perforating, punching, slitting, trimming etc.|
P72-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Applying pressure||Includes pressing or flattening of paper.|
P72-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Applying heat or moisture||Any heating process to form paper or card product. Moistening/drying.|Heat process, heat treatment, moisten
P72-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Bonding or attaching paper together||Using adhesives, taping, crimping etc.|Adhesive, crimping, bonding
P72-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Deformation of paper of card||Covers methods for corrugating or embossing paper or card.|Embossing, corrugating
P72-A08|Current|(2015-    )|Winding||E.g. for wound tubes or cones. See P72-B04.|Winding, tube, cone
P72-A09|Current|(2015-    )|Creping paper||Forming Crepe paper.|Crepe paper
P72-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling||Includes adding products to the pulp, defibrating, or any other treatments for recycling.|Recycle
P72-A15|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacturing equipment||Includes hand tools or machinery to produce paper articles.|
P72-B|Current|(2015-    )|Types of paper articles and shapes||This section is characterized by types of the paper articles or structures produced.|
P72-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Boxes||Includes cardboard boxes.|Boxes
P72-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Cartons||Includes paper cartons.|Cartons
P72-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Cups||Includes paper cups.|Cups
P72-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Tubes or cones||Includes making tubes or cones or other wound shapes or cylinders from paper or card.|Paper tube, conical paper, paper cylinder
P72-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Envelopes||Paper envelopes.|Envelopes
P72-B06|Current|(2015-    )|Bags||Paper bags.|Paper bag
P72-B07|Current|(2015-    )|Corrugated||Includes corrugated card.|Corrugated card
P72-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other paper articles||Includes light shades, Chinese lanterns, labels or tags, honeycombed structures, cellular packaging articles etc.|Honeycombed
P73|Old|(1980-2014)|Layered Products|||
P73|Current|(2015-    )|Layered Products||Covers details of layered products including methods, apparatus used, application of producing layered products, and structure of layered products.|
P73-A|Current|(2015-    )|Structure of layered product|||
P73-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Characterized by shape||Includes tubular layered products.|
P73-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Characterized by structure||Includes flat, solid, ribbed, fibrous, cellular e.g. honeycombed, corrugated, etc.|
P73-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Relationship between layers||Connections between each layer and separability. Joining similar or dissimilar materials.|
P73-N|Current|(2015-    )|Methods and apparatus for producing layered products|||
P73-N01|Current|(2015-    )|Methods for producing layered products|||
P73-N02|Current|(2015-    )|Apparatus for producing layered products|||
P73-V|Current|(2015-    )|Layer materials||Characterized by type of material used in layered product.|
P73-V01|Current|(2015-    )|Metals|||
P73-V11|Current|(2015-    )|Wood|||
P73-V12|Current|(2015-    )|Paper; cardboard|||
P73-V13|Current|(2015-    )|Plastic; cellulosic plastic substances|||
P73-V14|Current|(2015-    )|Glass; glass fibers|||
P73-V15|Current|(2015-    )|Ceramic; cement; plaster|||
P73-V16|Current|(2015-    )|Rubber; Resin|||
P73-V19|Current|(2015-    )|Bituminous|||
P73-V30|Current|(2015-    )|Mineral fiber|||Rock wool
P73-V99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific materials|||
P74|Old|(1980-2014)|Printing, lining machines|||
P74|Current|(2015-    )|Printing and lining machines||Covers all non-electrical aspects for printing and lining.|
P74-A|Current|(2015-    )|Methods of printing characterized by type||These codes are for the methods of mechanical printing. The apparatus for printing is coded in P74-C. Electrical details of printing systems or electrical printing processes are coded under S06 class.|
P74-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Press printing||Includes letterpress printing, rotary press printing, offset press printing etc.|
P74-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Lithography||Covers all techniques using lithography.|Offset lithography, offset printing
P74-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Intaglio||Covers all intaglio printing.|
P74-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Screen printing||Covers stenciling techniques.|Stencil, etymology, silkscreen, serigraphy, serigraph printing
P74-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of printing||Covers any types of mechanical printing not mentioned in P74-A01 to P74-A04.|
P74-B|Current|(2015-    )|Printing processes||Covers specific or individual processes involved in various stages of printing.|
P74-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Composition or typesetting|||Composing stick, typesetting
P74-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Imposition||Includes forme preparation.|Forme
P74-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Printing surface preparation||Covers all preparation for printing surface.|
P74-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Control aspects of printing||Covers all control aspects of all printing operations. Also covers safety aspects.|
P74-C|Current|(2015-    )|Printing machinery and equipment|||
P74-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Apparatus used for composition||Includes details of, or accessories for, machines for mechanical composition. Includes all hand apparatus for composition e.g. chases, quoins, or galleys. Also covers machinery or mechanical apparatus for composing, e.g. moulding or casting apparatus, matrices etc. Does not include photographic or photo-electronic composing machines, these are covered in S06 class. Printing for record carriers is covered in T03 class.|Chases, quoins, galleys, matrice
P74-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Printing machines or Presses||Includes platen presses and cylinder presses. Details of presses are covered by P71 codes.|
P74-C03|Current|(2015-    )|Rotary printing machines||Includes rotary lithography, rotary intaglio or rotary press printing machines.|
P74-C04|Current|(2015-    )|Screen printers||Apparatus for screen printing.|
P74-C08|Current|(2015-    )|Inking arrangements or devices||Includes, inking units, ribbons, rollers, flat inking elements, troughs, reservoirs, pads, ducts etc.|
P74-C09|Current|(2015-    )|Media conveying/feeding arrangements||Covers all conveying or feeding apparatus for sheets through printing apparatus or machines. Includes grippers, pins, transfer drums etc.|Paper feeding
P74-C10|Current|(2015-    )|Bronze printing machines||Apparatus for bronze printing or for like operations.|
P74-C11|Current|(2015-    )|Line printing machines||Apparatus for printing lines.|
P74-C99|Current|(2015-    )|Other apparatus for printing||Includes cleaning arrangements, safety arrangements, smudging prevention devices etc.|
P75|Old|(1980-2014)|Typewriters, stamps, duplicators|||
P75|Current|(2015-    )|Typewriters, stamps, duplicators|||
P75-A|Current|(2015-    )|Typewriters|||
P75-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Casing; Framework||Includes supports, feet, dust excluders, etc.|
P75-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Keyboard arrangements; Hammers||Includes locks, shift keys, key levers, key buttons, etc.|Tabulating, line spacing, character spacing, keys
P75-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Media conveying||Includes sheet or web feeding. Details of ink ribbons feeding are coded under P75-A04 only.|Rollers, holders, guides
P75-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Inking arrangements||Includes ink ribbon feeding, correction bands and fluid.|Ribbon, ink rollers, ink discs, ink cartridges
P75-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Drive arrangements||Includes gears, levers, sliding mechanisms, etc.|Mechanical power drives, Fluid-pressure power drives
P75-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Cooling arrangements|||
P75-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other typewriter details||Includes line counters, alarms when approaching end of line or end of sheet, etc.|
P75-B|Current|(2015-    )|Stamps|||
P75-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Handheld stamps||Includes changeable characters, handles, details of stamping surfaces, stands, numbering devices, etc. Ink pads are coded under P75-B03 only. Also includes plier-like tools used for stamping e.g. train or cinema tickets, etc.|
P75-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Stamping machines||This code covers larger-size stamping machines where the media is held in place on/fed through the stamping machine. Includes details of sheet feeding, rollers, holders, guides, etc. Includes selection mechanism for successive stamping and numbering devices.|Ticket stamping machines
P75-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Ink for stamps||Includes ink wells or reservoirs, ink ribbons or tapes, inking pads, etc.|
P75-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of stamps||Includes stamping using rollers with integral ink-supply devices.|
P75-D|Current|(2015-    )|Duplicating or manifolding|||
P75-D01|Current|(2015-    )|Using pressure-sensitive layers or intermediaries|||Hectographic printing, carbon copying etc
P75-D10|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of duplicating|||
P76|Old|(1980-2014)|Books, special printed matter|||
P76|Current|(2015-    )|Books, special printed matter||Includes aspects of book making and details of book structure or book features etc.|
P76-A|Current|(2015-    )|Book binding|||
P76-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Book binding methods||Includes stitching, using clips, laces or ribbons, eyelets, applying glue or adhesive, collating or gathering of sheets, or binding using fingers, claws or ring-like elements. Also includes manufacturing bookbinding cases or covers.|Jacketing, casing, covering
P76-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Book binding tools or apparatus||Includes hand tools or machinery.|
P76-B|Current|(2015-    )|Book covers and page features|||
P76-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Book cover features||Includes details of loose covers, hinges, locks or closures, ornamented covers, covers with column, line or heading marks or indicators, with means for holding books open, etc.|
P76-B01A|Current|(2015-    )|Characterized by material||Characterized by material used for book covers.|
P76-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Page features and accessories||Includes book markers, leaf turners, form sets and calendar blocks.|
P76-C|Current|(2015-    )|Special printed matter|||
P76-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Newspapers or the like||Includes all printed new paper or the like matter.|
P76-C02|Current|(2015-    )|Post cards or the like||Includes greeting, menu, business or like cards; letter cards or letter-sheets.|
P76-C09|Current|(2015-    )|Characterized by application|||
P76-C09A|Current|(2015-    )|Information and security-bearing printed matter||Identity cards, passports, public transport or admission tickets, using data chips, bank notes, fingerprints, signatures, photographs, security threads, magnetic strips, diffraction gratings, watermarks, lottery tickets etc.|
P76-C09B|Current|(2015-    )|Guilloche patterns||Includes Guilloche patterns and other decorative printed matter of the like.|
P76-C09C|Current|(2015-    )|Moire effects|||
P76-C09D|Current|(2015-    )|For use in medical treatment or therapy||Includes sterile or impregnated printed matter.|
P76-C09E|Current|(2015-    )|Perforations|||
P76-C09F|Current|(2015-    )|Translucent or partly translucent parts|||Windows
P76-C09M|Current|(2015-    )|Comprising special materials|||
P76-C09M1|Current|(2015-    )|Liquid crystals||Printed matter that use liquid crystals.|
P76-C09M2|Current|(2015-    )|Metallic materials|||
P76-C09M3|Current|(2015-    )|Special inks|||
P76-C09M4|Current|(2015-    )|Absorbing or reflecting radiation||For absorbing or reflecting infra-red light, ultra-violet light, polarized light etc.|
P76-C09X|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific application|||
P77|Old|(1980-2014)|Writing, drawing appliances|||
P77|Current|(2015-    )|Writing, drawing appliances||Covers all aspects of writing or drawing appliances. Includes inventions characterized by type, core material, constructional details and manufacture for writing or drawing appliance.|
P77-A|Current|(2015-    )|Writing and drawing instruments|||
P77-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Fountain pens||Includes nibs|Nib
P77-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Ballpoint pens|||Rollerball pen
P77-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Felt-tip pens|||Markers
P77-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Pencils||Includes propelling pencils and grease pencils.|Pop-a-Point pencil, wax pencil, crayons
P77-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Stylus||For use with e.g. touch screens.|
P77-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Writing instruments using other writing-points||Using coreless tubular writing-points, magnetically active writing-points etc.|Ink brush, quill, reed pen
P77-B|Current|(2015-    )|Core materials for writing or drawing instruments|||
P77-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Graphite||Includes leads for propelling pencils.|
P77-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Metallic writing-core||Can be used in combination with other core material type, e.g. metallic ink, metallic graphite etc.|
P77-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Wax|||Crayons
P77-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Slate|||
P77-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Chalk|||
P77-B06|Current|(2015-    )|Ink|||
P77-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of pens and pencils||Includes manufacturing method and apparatus.|
P77-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of writing or drawing instruments||These codes can be used in conjunction with other P77 codes.|
P77-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Propelling and retracting mechanisms||Includes springs, sliders, buttons, twisting mechanisms etc. for pens or pencils.|
P77-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Nibs||Includes nib holders.|
P77-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Sheathings; Casing; Cap||Sheathing, casing or caps for all types of writing or drawing implements. Includes rubber placed at end of pencil, the wooden sheathing of a pencil, or plastic sheathing of pen media etc. Pen/pencil casings, or pen/pencil caps etc.|Clip
P77-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Ink supply/storage; Pencil leads||Includes details of ink reservoirs, ink cartridges and ink pads. Also covers pencil lead storage or supply containers etc. Novel ink and pencil leads are also coded by P77-B06 and P77-B01, respectively.|Ink well
P77-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of writing or drawing instruments||Includes writing or drawing implements in combination with other items or devices, e.g. with torches, lighters, toys etc.|Ink blotter
P78|Old|(1980-2014)|Decorative art|||
P78|Current|(2015-    )|Decorative art||Covers all aspects of decorative art, including types of, and methods of producing decorative art, designs, materials used etc.|
P78-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of artistic processes|||
P78-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Sculpturing or modeling|||
P78-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Guilloching|||
P78-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Carving|||
P78-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Branding|||
P78-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Inlaying|||
P78-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Embossing|||
P78-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Painting or drawing||Techniques in artistic painting or drawing e.g. oil painting, water painting, pastel painting, relief painting etc.|
P78-C|Current|(2015-    )|Methods for producing decorative effects||Includes: sculpturing, stamping, modeling or bending etc., applying different materials of different shapes and sizes, applying transfer pictures etc., engraving or etching methods, stamping or pressing or inlaying ornamental designs onto/into or inlaying surfaces, or any other methods for decorative or ornamental production.|
P78-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Paper hanging||Machines, apparatus, tools, or accessories therefore for applying adhesive, for applying the paper to the surface to be covered or finishing operations.|
P78-M|Current|(2015-    )|Machines, apparatus or tools for artistic work||Includes all machinery or tools for producing all artwork or decorative work. Including tools and apparatus or equipment used for: painting, sculpturing, carving, inlaying etc., surface treatment equipment, holders or containers etc.|
P78-P|Current|(2015-    )|Materials for artistic work|||
P78-P01|Current|(2015-    )|Paints and other colored materials||Any paint or other substance that is used to create artwork.|
P78-P02|Current|(2015-    )|Wood or wood composites||Any wood structure or material used for artwork.|
P78-P03|Current|(2015-    )|Paper||Using paper to create artwork, does not include paper canvass, see P78-P06.|
P78-P04|Current|(2015-    )|Metals||Metals used for artwork.|
P78-P05|Current|(2015-    )|Plastic||Any plastic materials used in artwork.|
P78-P06|Current|(2015-    )|Canvas or other base sheet material||Includes materials for any base for applying artwork to.|
P78-P15|Current|(2015-    )|Other materials used for artwork|||
P78-S|Current|(2015-    )|Special designs|||
P78-S01|Current|(2015-    )|Imitations||Imitation of pictures, e.g. oil paintings, mosaic or tarsia-work patterns, ceramic patterns, imitating three-dimensional effects. Pearl effects, or mother-of-pearl effects.|
P78-S01A|Current|(2015-    )|Metallic or oxidized metallic surfaces|||
P78-S01B|Current|(2015-    )|Crystalline structures|||
P78-S01C|Current|(2015-    )|Stone surfaces||E.g. marble.|
P78-S01D|Current|(2015-    )|Wood grain effects|||
P78-S01E|Current|(2015-    )|Horn, ivory, or meerschaum surfaces|||
P78-S01F|Current|(2015-    )|Leather or fur||Real or imitation leather designs or effects. Includes faux leather and faux fur etc.|
P78-S02|Current|(2015-    )|Characterized by irregular areas||E.g. mottled patterns.|
P78-S03|Current|(2015-    )|Light effects||Including color effects.|
P8|Current|(1980-    )|Optics, Photography, General|||
P81|Old|(1980-2014)|Optics|||
P81|Current|(2015-    )|Optics||From 2015 P81 manual codes have been applied for details of optical elements. The optical elements covered in this class may form part of optical equipment or systems covered by other classes such as : (i) P82 for photographic apparatus; (ii) P84 for other photographic aspects, including apparatus for photographic processing, holography and lithography; (iii) S06 for electrical aspects of photography; and (iv) W04 for digital and video cameras and electronic image projectors.|
P81-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of optical element, system or apparatus|||
P81-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Lens and lens systems||Includes single lenses, multiple lenses/lens groups and variable refractive power lens/lens group.|Biconcave, biconvex, concave, convex, fluid-filled, glass lens, negative meniscus, plano-concave, plano-convex, plastic lens, positive meniscus
P81-A01A|New|(2017-    )|Single lens||This code covers individual lenses. Single lenses having variable refractive power are also assigned P81-A01V1.|
P81-A01C|New|(2017-    )|Multiple lens systems||This code covers two or more lenses used together. Where the ability to vary overall refractive power by movement is important P81-A01V5 is also assigned.|Eyepiece, lens group, telephoto lens, zoom lens
P81-A01V|New|(2017-    )|Variable power lenses||This code and its subdivisions are assigned with P81-A01A or P81-A01C as necessary.|Focus, variable magnification
P81-A01V1|New|(2017-    )|Individual lens with variable refractive power||This code, normally assigned with P81-A01A, covers lenses whose refractive power can be varied electrically or by physical deformation, i.e. changing shape. Lenses of this type for use in digital or video cameras are also assigned W04-M01C1E.|Fluid-filled lens, liquid crystal lens, ring electrodes
P81-A01V5|New|(2017-    )|Variable power lens groups||This code, normally assigned with P81-A01C, covers two or more conventional lenses used together and having the ability to vary overall refractive power by physical movement, e.g. varying separation.|Gearing, slide, varifocal lens
P81-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Mirrors||Includes mirrors with multiple surfaces.|Plane mirror, polygonal mirror, reflex reflector
P81-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Filters|||
P81-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Gratings|||
P81-A09|Current|(2015-    )|Light guides||For details of light guides and optical fibers see V07-F codes.|
P81-A11|Current|(2015-    )|Prisms|||
P81-A13|Current|(2015-    )|Condensers|||
P81-A15|Current|(2015-    )|Polarizers||Polarization gratings are also assigned P81-A07. Polarizers for optical fiber technology are also assigned V07-F02B. Polarized eyeglasses for 3D film or video projection viewing are also assigned P81-A50E1. The use of polarized eyeglasses for 3D TV viewing is covered by W03-A08E7E.|Circular, elliptical, left, right
P81-A50|Current|(2015-    )|Optical system function||These codes are intended to indicate in a broad sense the main function of the novel optical element specified by other P81-A codes. In general more detail will be provided in the class referred to for the process or equipment in which the element is used. Application in a wider sense is indicated by assignment of P81-U codes.|
P81-A50A|Current|(2015-    )|For viewing distant objects||Includes optical elements used in telescopes, sights and sighting tubes and binoculars.|Cassegrainian, catadioptric, Gregorian, Keplerian, monocular, Newtonian, opera glasses, reflecting, refracting
P81-A50C|Current|(2015-    )|For viewing nearby or close-up objects||Includes optical elements used in magnifiers and microscopes.|Magnifying glass
P81-A50E|Current|(2015-    )|For projection and recording of images or patterns|||
P81-A50E1|Current|(2015-    )|For displaying images or patterns||Includes optical elements used in projectors showing images or patterns on a screen or other surface. Electrical aspects of photographic projectors for slides or cine film are covered by S06-B06A and electronic display projectors based on the use of light valves, deformable mirror arrays or lasers are covered by W04-Q01 codes.|
P81-A50E3|Current|(2015-    )|For lithography||Covers the use of optical elements in projection of images or patterns onto light-sensitive materials, e.g. for decorative design purposes or exposure of photoresist on a semiconductor wafer prior to etching. See U11-C04E codes for full details of photolithography for semiconductor device manufacture, and especially U11-C04E1A for optical elements and systems. Optical elements for recording images in photography are covered by P81-A50E5.|
P81-A50E5|Current|(2015-    )|For recording images in photography||Includes optical elements used in the recording of images in a camera and also projection printing onto photographic paper. Electrical aspects of film-based cameras and projection printing apparatus are covered by S06-B codes and optical elements for video and digital cameras by W04-M01C codes.|
P81-A50E9|Current|(2015-    )|For other projection and recording of images or patterns|||
P81-A50G|Current|(2015-    )|Eyesight correction and protection||Includes optical elements used in spectacles, sunglasses and contact lenses and also implantable lenses.|
P81-A50J|Current|(2015-    )|Light control||Includes control of light intensity, and also phase, polarization, color and direction, e.g. in optical scanning equipment. The 'light control' here is intended to be independent from the source of light itself and based on the use of filters, diffusers, and the like. Electro-optical control of these properties is covered by V07-K codes. Direct control of the intensity of light emitted by electrical light sources themselves, e.g. by varying voltage or current, is not included and is covered by X26-C codes in general and X26-H03C in the case of LED light sources.|
P81-A50X|Current|(2015-    )|Other optical system function and optical apparatus|||
P81-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other type of optical element or system|||
P81-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning and maintenance of optical elements, systems or apparatus||This code covers novel aspects of cleaning and maintenance of apparatus covered by P81-A codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|Lens cleaner, polish, recondition, repair, service
P81-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of optical elements, systems or apparatus||This code covers novel aspects of manufacturing and testing of apparatus covered by P81-A codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|Moulding, mounting, polishing
P81-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of lighting appliances||These codes are assigned with P81-A codes to indicate the novel aspects of optical elements, systems or apparatus.|
P81-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Housing, casing, frame, support||Includes mounting of lens, mirror, etc.|Aperture stop, internal construction
P81-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Lens positioning systems||Includes arrangements for moving lenses, e.g. for changing focus or magnification, including control aspects.|Bearing, focus ring, slide
P81-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Protective coating||Includes coatings to prevent unwanted effects such as reflection and also to protect from scratches and the like.|Anti-reflective, bloom, magnesium fluoride
P81-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional material||This code is used in conjunction with other P81-T codes to indicate the use of a novel material in an optical element or system. Specific details of novel materials are represented by codes outside P81, such as L01 codes for glass compositions or section A codes for plastics materials, which are also applied as appropriate.|
P81-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of optical element, system or apparatus construction|||
P81-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications||These codes are intended to indicate in a broad sense the field of application of the novel optical element specified by P81-A codes and optical equipment using it as specified by P81-A50 codes.|
P81-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic||Includes general or non-specific domestic applications. Can be used in conjunction with other specific codes as required.|
P81-U02|Current|(2015-    )|Commercial||Includes general commercial applications. Can be used alone or in conjunction with other specific applications.|
P81-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||Includes land, sea, air and space vehicles.|
P81-U13|Current|(2015-    )|Pharmaceutical; Medical|||
P81-U14|Current|(2015-    )|Laboratory|||
P81-U30|Current|(2015-    )|Sports, toys, entertainment and leisure||Includes sports equipment, sports stadiums, entertainment venues, leisure applications and toys and games.|
P81-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial||Covers general or non-specific industrial applications not covered by other application codes.|
P81-U41|Current|(2015-    )|General functional applications|||
P81-U41D|Current|(2015-    )|Illuminating; Lighting||For specific details of optical elements for use in lighting applications see Q71-T codes and X26-D01 codes.|
P81-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
P81-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of optics|||
P82|Old|(1980-2014)|Photographic apparatus|||
P82|Current|(2015-    )|Photographic apparatus|||
P82-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of systems for taking or projecting photographic images||These codes can be used with other P82 codes as required.|
P82-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Photographic camera||Includes mechanical details of cameras. For video cameras see W04-M codes.|
P82-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Still camera|||
P82-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Motion picture camera|||Cine camera
P82-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Photographic projection; photograph viewers||Includes mechanical details of photograph projectors or viewers.|Projector
P82-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Photographic printing||See G05 CPI manual codes for further details.|
P82-A15|Current|(2015-    )|Auxiliary photographic systems/operations|||
P82-A15A|Current|(2015-    )|Illuminating scene||Includes techniques for lighting the scene/object such as backlighting, forelighting, using diffusers/reflectors etc. See X26 codes for novel electric lighting per se.|Reflector, diffuser, floodlight
P82-A15C|Current|(2015-    )|Sound recording/reproduction||Includes adding of sound to film. See W04 codes for audio recording/reproduction per se.|Audio
P82-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other photographic systems|||
P82-B|Current|(2015-    )|Special Photographic techniques|||
P82-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Color photography||Includes color photographic techniques other than exposing a color film, such as by two, four or more color separation records or sequential/simultaneous recording/reproduction.|
P82-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Stereoscopic photography|||
P82-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Panoramic/wide screen/extended surface photography|||
P82-B06|Current|(2015-    )|High speed photography||Includes equipment for capturing images at high speed.|
P82-B08|Current|(2015-    )|Using non-optical waves||Includes visual representation of images captured by other medium such as X-rays or ultrasonic waves.|
P82-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other photographic techniques||Includes trick photography.|
P82-F|Current|(2015-    )|Measuring, indicating, sensing, controlling, testing of photographic apparatus||Includes focus and exposure control. See P82-T for novel exposure controlling diaphragms, filters and shutters and focus controlling drive components. Also includes testing of photographic equipment.|
P82-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of photographic apparatus||Includes cleaning of cameras and projectors.|
P82-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of camera and projection apparatus/components|||
P82-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of photographic apparatus/components||Includes recycling of all photographic equipment and materials.|
P82-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of photographic image taking/projecting/printing apparatus||Includes camera bodies, lenses, viewfinders, film winders, projectors, printing apparatus, projection apparatus etc. See S06 for electrical details of still picture cameras and projectors and W04-M codes for video cameras.|
P82-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Exposing; Exposure making shutters; Diaphragms||Includes color photographic techniques other than exposing a color film, such as by two, four or more color separation records or sequential/simultaneous recording/reproduction.|
P82-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Viewfinders; Focusing||Includes focusing aids, optics, lenses and their adjustment.|
P82-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Bodies; Housings|||
P82-T07|Current|(2015-    )|Film handling|||
P82-T15|Current|(2015-    )|Printers; Printing||See S06 codes for further details of printers.|
P82-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of photographic image taking/projection/printing apparatus|||
P83|Old|(1980-2014)|Photographic processes/compositions|||
P83|Current|(2015-    )|Photographic processes/compositions|||
P83-A|Current|(2015-    )|Photographic photosensitive materials and compositions||See G06 CPI manual codes for further details of novel photographic compositions, agents and materials.|
P83-B|Current|(2015-    )|Film packages; Wrapping materials for light-sensitive plates, films, or papers||Includes roll films.|
P83-D|Current|(2015-    )|Photographic processes||See G06 CPI manual codes for further details.|
P83-D01|Current|(2015-    )|Multicolor processes||Includes direct bleach-out processes, additive processes using color or lenticular screens, subtractive color and cinematographic processes and dye-inhibition processes. Also includes color processes using color-coupling substances.|
P83-D03|Current|(2015-    )|Diffusion transfer processes||Includes processes using substances transferred by diffusion consisting of inorganic compounds or of organo-metallic compounds derived from photosensitive noble metals.|
P83-D05|Current|(2015-    )|Stereo-photographic processes||Includes producing 3-D images, parallax-stereograms, vectographic images and anaglyphs.|
P83-D99|Current|(2015-    )|Other photographic processes||Includes retouching, varnishing, pasting, mounting, drying etc.|
P83-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling, regeneration or replenishment of photographic processing agents||Includes regeneration or replenishment of photosensitive material and removing emulsion from waste photographic material.|
P84|Old|(1980-2014)|Other photographic|||
P84|Current|(2015-    )|Other photographic|||
P84-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of photographic system/process|||
P84-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Photomechanical||Photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces.|
P84-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Electrographic/electrophotographic|||
P84-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Magnetographic|||
P84-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Holography||Includes holographic processes and apparatus for producing holographs. See V07 for further holographic details.|
P84-A05A|Current|(2015-    )|Using light, IR or UV waves||Includes production of holograms using optical waves.|
P84-A05C|Current|(2015-    )|Using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves||Includes production of holograms using sound waves.|
P84-A05E|Current|(2015-    )|Using other waves||Includes production of holograms using other waves while producing an optical image from them.|
P84-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other photographic systems|||
P84-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of photographic systems||Includes use of modular parts to enable maintenance of photographic apparatus.|
P84-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of photomechanical, electrographic/electrophotographic, magnetographic etc. components and materials|||
P84-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of photographic materials components||Includes collection and recycling of waste toner.|
P84-T|Current|(2015-    )|Photographic system construction/materials|||
P84-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Exposed photographic material processing apparatus||Includes containers, trays, clips, frames and darkroom equipment for treating exposed photographic material. Includes liquid and gas processing apparatus, diffusion development equipment and reversal processing apparatus.|
P84-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Photomechanical production apparatus||Includes screens and exposure apparatus, color separation. Also includes originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces. Includes masks, reticles, pellicles and mask positioning/registration.|Mask blanks
P84-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel materials||See E codes for further chemical aspects.|
P84-T50A|Current|(2015-    )|Image receiving materials; Photosensitive materials for photomechanical production||Includes photosensitive materials for photomechanical production.|
P84-T50D|Current|(2015-    )|Developers|||
P84-T50E|Current|(2015-    )|Fixing agents|||
P84-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other photographic system details|||
P85|Old|(1980-2014)|Educational, cryptographic or advertising apparatus or systems|||
P85|Current|(2015-    )|Educational, cryptographic or advertising apparatus or systems||From 2015 manual codes have been applied for general details of educational, cryptographic or advertising apparatus and systems. Where use of electrical or electronic technologies is significant please refer to the following : (i) W04-W codes for educational equipment and systems. (ii) T01, W01, W02 and W04 codes for encryption, scrambling and concealment; (iii) W05-E codes for advertising.|
P85-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of educational apparatus or system, timetables and perpetual calendars||When teaching aids involve the use of models P85-A05 is also assigned. Electrical aspects of educational apparatus and systems are covered by W04-W codes. General information systems such as maps, timetables and perpetual calendars are covered by P85-A50 codes.|
P85-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Educational apparatus or systems for specific purposes||Models for demonstration and illustration are covered by P85-A05.|Cards, charts
P85-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Teaching shapes and spatial awareness||Includes blocks, construction toys with educational aspects. Construction toys are also assigned P36-E03.|Bricks, shape sorter
P85-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Teaching reading or writing||Includes aids for learning the alphabet, recognizing letters and words, and for handwriting.|
P85-A01E|Current|(2015-    )|Teaching counting, arithmetic, mathematics|||Abacus, blocks, counters
P85-A01G|Current|(2015-    )|Teaching science, medicine and dentistry||Includes aids for teaching botany, biology, chemistry, physics etc. and also veterinary medicine.|Atom, core, electron, neutron, nucleus, planetarium, proton, astronomy
P85-A01J|Current|(2015-    )|Teaching music|||Metronome, practice
P85-A01L|Current|(2015-    )|Teaching languages|||
P85-A01N|Current|(2015-    )|Teaching sports, physical education||Covers games involving physical activity. Teaching of board games, card games and the like is covered by P85-A01P. Training for sports is covered by P36-A08E which may also be assigned as necessary. Electrical aspects of sports training are covered by W04-X01A codes.|PE, swimming
P85-A01P|Current|(2015-    )|Teaching game playing||Covers teaching of board games, card games and the like. Teaching of games involving physical activity, e.g. team sports, is covered by P85-A01N.|
P85-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other educational apparatus or systems for specific purposes|||
P85-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Models for demonstration and illustration; simulations||Includes models of buildings, towns, geographical or geological features, living creatures, machines, vehicles, etc. See P85-A01 codes also to differentiate the specific field of teaching.|Cut-away view, engine, organ
P85-A05A|Current|(2015-    )|Simulations||Covers simulations for demonstrating a process or effect and also training simulators. Electrical aspects of training simulators are covered by W04-W07A and simulations for demonstration purposes by W04-W07C.|
P85-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Question and answer apparatus and systems||Electrical aspects of question and answer-type educational systems are covered by W04-W01.|
P85-A50|Current|(2015-    )|General information presenting systems||Covers timetables, perpetual calendars, town plans etc.|
P85-A50A|Current|(2015-    )|Timetables||Covers timetables in e.g. printed form, for use on railways or other public transport systems and the like.|
P85-A50C|Current|(2015-    )|Perpetual calendars||Covers calendars with movable discs, wheels, and the like for indicating the current date. Clocks and time-indicating devices in general are not included and are covered by S04 codes. Calendars involving tear-off sheets are covered in P76.|
P85-A50E|Current|(2015-    )|Maps, guides, town plans||Covers maps in general, maps of an immediate area such as town plans, guides to places of interest, etc.|
P85-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of educational apparatus or system|||
P85-C|Current|(2015-    )|Types of cryptographic system||This code is intended for general arrangements for making a sequence of symbols (such as text characters) unintelligible, including the use of mechanical or electrical means. For specific information encryption, scrambling or concealment systems based on the use of electronics and computing techniques see the following : (i) T01-D01 for data encryption and decryption using computing techniques; (ii) W01-A05 codes for secret data communication; (iii) W02-F05A1 and W02-F10N1 codes for scrambling and encryption of video and TV signals; (iv) W02-L05 for general signal scrambling, including analogue signal scrambling; (iv) W04-F01L codes for encryption and scrambling in video recording; (v) W04-G01L codes for encryption and scrambling in audio recording.|
P85-E|Current|(2015-    )|Types of advertising and displaying system||Electrical aspects of advertising and displays are covered by W05-E codes. Novel electronic displays are covered by U14 codes or W05-E codes, depending on technology. P85-E codes cover advertising with some visual element and also signs and labels in general. Use of electrical displays with computing equipment is covered by T04-H codes.|
P85-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Advertising and commercial signs, price labels|||
P85-E01A|Current|(2015-    )|Advertising signs and displays||Includes hoardings, billboards and the like.|
P85-E01C|Current|(2015-    )|General commercial signs||Covers signs for shops or other businesses, including information on awnings, windows, etc.|
P85-E01E|Current|(2015-    )|Signs involving movement||Includes signs moved by e.g. action of the wind. Electrically-moved advertising signs are covered by W05-E03A3.|
P85-E01G|Current|(2015-    )|Advertising on other articles or items||Covers advertising on items used in e.g. restaurant or bar, such as glasses, napkins, ashtrays, promotional items, etc. And also advertising information on vehicles.|
P85-E01J|Current|(2015-    )|Advertising in printed products||Covers advertisements in newspapers, magazines or other publications.|
P85-E01L|Current|(2015-    )|Price tags and labels||Covers labels attached to goods and also shelf labels and the like used in stores. Labels in general are covered by P85-E05. Electrical aspects such as antitheft tags are covered by W05-B01A2 codes and novel digital marking such as bar codes or RFID tags by T04 codes.|
P85-E01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of advertising and commercial signs|||
P85-E03|Current|(2015-    )|Display cases and stands||Covers display equipment for advertising but also for general use in e.g. museums, etc.|
P85-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Labels in general||Covers labels and identifying tags in general, but not price tags or labels which are covered by P85-E01L.|
P85-E99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of advertising or displaying system|||
P85-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of educational, cryptographic or advertising apparatus or systems||This code is assigned with P85-A, P85-C or P85-E codes as appropriate.|
P85-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of educational, cryptographic or advertising apparatus or systems||This code is assigned with P85-A, P85-C or P85-E codes as appropriate.|
P85-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of educational, cryptographic or advertising apparatus or systems||These codes are assigned with P85-A, P85-C or P85-E codes as appropriate.|
P85-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Housing, casing|||
P85-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Internal constructional details|||
P85-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional material|||
P85-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of educational, cryptographic or advertising apparatus or systems|||
P85-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of educational, cryptographic or advertising apparatus or systems|||
P86|Old|(1980-2014)|Musical instruments, acoustics|||
P86|Current|(2015-    )|Musical instruments, acoustics||From 2015 P86 manual codes have been applied for general and mechanical details of musical instruments and acoustic systems. Analysis and synthesis of speech and other sounds by electronic or computing devices is not included and is covered by W04-V codes. Electronic musical instruments and electrical aspects of musical instruments in general are covered by W04-U codes but common features or mechanical aspects are also covered by appropriate P86 codes. Music teaching is covered by P85-A01J and when specific to a particular type of instrument an appropriate P86-A code is also assigned.|
P86-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of musical instruments or musical accessory|||
P86-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Musical instruments based on air or gas flow||Includes instruments operated by gases, gas mixtures such as air, or steam.|Aerophone
P86-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Wind instruments||Covers instruments operated by a musician blowing into them. Instruments operated by flow of air or similar from a machine or hand-operated mechanism are covered by P86-A01C codes.|
P86-A01A1|Current|(2015-    )|Reed instruments||Covers instruments employing a reed in a mouthpiece that vibrates when the player blows into or across it.|Bagpipes, bassoon, clarinet, harmonica, mouth organ, oboe, saxophone
P86-A01A3|Current|(2015-    )|Lip vibration instruments||Covers instruments in which the player's lips vibrate in a way analogous to a reed, such as trumpets or trombones.|Cornet, euphonium, French horn, horn, labrosone, tuba
P86-A01A5|Current|(2015-    )|Air-reed instruments||Covers instruments in which sound is produced by a player blowing across an opening, such as flutes. Mechanical reed instruments are covered by P86-A01A1.|Ocarina, panpipes, recorder
P86-A01A9|Current|(2015-    )|Other wind instruments|||
P86-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Organs||Electronic organs are covered by W04-U codes. These codes cover instruments operated by flow of e.g. air produced mechanically, such as by blowers, bellows, pumps and the like. Instruments operated by air flow directly produced by the player blowing into them are regarded as 'wind instruments' and are covered by P86-A01A codes.|
P86-A01C1|Current|(2015-    )|Reed organs||Includes harmoniums, accordions, and concertinas. Bagpipes are regarded as being operated by the player's exhaled air and so are covered by P86-A01A1.|
P86-A01C3|Current|(2015-    )|Pipe organs|||Church organ, steam organ
P86-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other musical instruments based on air or gas flow|||
P86-A03|Current|(2015-    )|String instruments||Covers instruments based on vibration of a resonant string, whether struck, plucked or excited by other means, such as a bow.|Chordophone
P86-A03A|Current|(2015-    )|String instruments with keyboards||Covers instruments where depression of a key actuates a mechanism that strikes or plucks strings mounted on a soundboard or similar.|
P86-A03A1|Current|(2015-    )|Pianos|||Pianoforte
P86-A03A9|Current|(2015-    )|Other string instruments with keyboards||Includes harpsichords. Harps are regarded as instruments in which strings are plucked directly by the player and are thus covered by P86-A03E.|
P86-A03C|Current|(2015-    )|String instruments normally played using a bow||Covers cello, violin etc.|Bass, double bass, viola
P86-A03E|Current|(2015-    )|String instruments played by manually strumming, plucking or hitting strings||Includes instruments carried or supported by the player and those mounted on a support or stand, the strings being plucked or strummed by a player directly, using fingers, a plectrum or a hammer.|Banjo, guitar, harp, pedal steel guitar, zither
P86-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Percussion-based musical instruments|||Brushes, castanets, cow bell, cymbal, drum, drumsticks, hand bell, shaker, tambourine, timpani, triangle, xylophone
P86-A30|Current|(2015-    )|Accessories for musical instruments and musical instrument playing|||Case, music stand, tuning aid, tuning fork
P86-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of musical instruments|||
P86-E|Current|(2015-    )|Acoustic systems and sound-producing devices|||
P86-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Sound-producing devices||Covers devices intended to produce sounds other than for musical purposes, e.g. for attracting attention or warning. Novel electrical aspects of such devices are covered by W05-A02A and electroacoustic transducers in general are covered by V06-V codes.|
P86-E01A|Current|(2015-    )|Sound production by physical contact or impact||Includes percussion-based sound generation.|
P86-E01A1|Current|(2015-    )|Bells, gongs, other resonating bodies|||
P86-E01A5|Current|(2015-    )|Sound production by non-resonant bodies in contact||Includes rattles.|
P86-E01A9|Current|(2015-    )|Other sound production by physical contact or impact|||
P86-E01C|Current|(2015-    )|Sound production by air or gas flow|||
P86-E01C1|Current|(2015-    )|Sirens||Includes drive by motive device and also gas flow.|
P86-E01C3|Current|(2015-    )|Horns, klaxons||Covers sound generation using a vibrating diaphragm. Mechanical aspects of vehicle horns are covered by Q14-C04 and electrical aspects by X22-B03H.|
P86-E01C5|Current|(2015-    )|Whistles||Includes whistles producing sound beyond human audible range.|Dog whistle
P86-E01C9|Current|(2015-    )|Other sound production by air or gas flow|||
P86-E01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other sound-producing devices|||
P86-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Sound transmission, modification, and damping||These codes are intended to represent transmission, modification or damping of sound in a general sense. Codes elsewhere relating to specific equipment or applications should also be considered.|
P86-E05A|Current|(2015-    )|Sound transmission||Includes acoustic coupling arrangements.|
P86-E05C|Current|(2015-    )|Sound modification||Covers use of passive resonators, acoustic lenses and reflectors and the like, e.g. to re-direct sound.|
P86-E05E|Current|(2015-    )|Sound damping and masking||Covers passive systems, such as acoustic damping, use of absorbing materials, etc. Electronic systems for sound damping and masking, e.g. using interference effects and anti-phase sound, are covered by W04-V07 codes.|
P86-E05X|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of sound transmission, modification, and damping||Includes acoustic impedance matching. For electrical impedance matching in general see U25-D05.|
P86-E99|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of acoustic systems and sound-producing devices|||
P86-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance/repair of musical instruments or acoustic systems||This code is assigned with P86-A or P86-E codes as appropriate.|
P86-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/Pre-use treatment of musical instruments or acoustic systems||This code is assigned with P86-A or P86-E codes as appropriate.|
P86-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details||These codes are assigned with P86-A or P86-E codes as appropriate and are intended to highlight specific novel aspects of musical instruments or acoustic systems and sound-producing devices.|
P86-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of musical instruments, acoustic systems and sound-producing devices|||
P86-T01A|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of devices generating sound||Covers devices producing the actual sound, such as reeds, strings, drum skins, etc. for musical instruments and e.g. a perforated disk in the case of a pneumatic siren.|Bridge, cavity, chamber
P86-T01C|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of devices controlling or modifying sound||Covers novel aspects of devices and systems for controlling sound, such as keyboards, string-tensioning devices, pedals etc. and automatic playing systems in the case of instruments and e.g. sound damping or directing devices in the case of acoustic systems and sound producing devices.|
P86-T01E|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of musical instrument bodies and acoustic device housings||Covers construction of musical instruments, acoustic systems and sound producing devices as a whole, e.g. frames, outer casing, etc.|Lid, neck, soundbox
P86-T01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of musical instruments, acoustic systems and sound-producing devices|||
P86-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional material||This code is assigned in conjunction with other P86-T codes to indicate the specific aspect to which the material relates. Specific details of novel materials are represented by codes outside P86, such as M27 codes for steels or section A codes for plastics materials which are also applied as appropriate.|
P86-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of musical instruments and acoustic systems or devices||Includes constructional details of accessories for musical instruments and musical instrument playing, for which P86-A30 is also assigned.|
P86-X|Current|(2015-    )|Other aspects of musical instruments or acoustic systems|||
Q1|Current||Vehicles in general|||
Q11|Old|(    -2005)|Wheels; tyres; connections|||
Q11|Current|(2006-    )|Wheels; tyres; connections||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of vehicle wheels, tyres and connections.|
Q11-A|Current|(2006-    )|Wheels; Wheel assemblies||Includes novel aspects of vehicle wheels, including emergency space saver and spare wheels. This code can also be applied when the wheel assembly as a whole is being claimed and when no specific components of the wheel assembly are novel.|
Q11-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Spoked wheels||Includes wheels with separable/replacable spokes, nipples etc., such as bicycle wheels.|
Q11-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Disc wheels||Includes wheels with single disc body, e.g. cast alloy wheels (with or without cut-outs to simulate spokes), and pressed steel disc wheels.|
Q11-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Rims|||
Q11-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Hubs||Includes hub bearing assemblies - see also Q62-G for more detail.|
Q11-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Axles||Includes all axle details including quick release bicycle wheel axles.|
Q11-A06|Current|(2006-    )|Wheel bearings||Also see Q62-G for specific bearing types.|
Q11-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Wheel covers||Includes covers for decorative or aerodynamic purposes.|
Q11-A08|Current|(2006-    )|Castors|||
Q11-A15|Current|(2006-    )|Traction increasing equipment||Includes mechanical devices for increasing friction between wheel and the ground.|
Q11-A15A|Current|(2006-    )|Lugs, spikes, snow chains etc.||Includes tyres with built-in or attachable spikes or chains removably fastenable to tyres.|
Q11-A15B|Current|(2006-    )|Applying traction increasing material, e.g. sand||Dispensing of particulate material such as sand in front of tyre path.|
Q11-A17|Current|(2006-    )|Rail engaging arrangements||Includes wheels with flanged edges for engaging rails. See Q19-R02 for vehicles usable on road/rail, and possibly Q21 for railway vehicles per se.|
Q11-A19|Current|(2006-    )|Wheel-axle combinations e.g. wheel sets||Includes overall novel wheel/axle combination, e.g. the whole rear axle/wheel assembly used on a commercial lorry (also see Q19-C02).|
Q11-A20|Current|(2006-    )|Wheel nuts/fastening elements||Includes wheel nuts and bolts and anti-theft locking wheel nuts (see also Q61-A codes). Also includes quick release wheel fastening elements.|
Q11-A28|Current|(2006-    )|Wheel manufacture/assembly/disassembly||Includes equipment for manufacturing and assembling/dismantling wheels, such as metal presses and casting equipment or jigs for enabling manual building of spoked wheels. For apparatus for (de)mounting wheel onto vehicle also see Q16-A02.|
Q11-A30|Current|(2006-    )|Other wheel details|||
Q11-B|Current|(2006-    )|Tyres|||
Q11-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Tyre type|||
Q11-B01A|Current|(2006-    )|Inflatable tyres||Can be used to highlight the fact that the tyre construction is applicable to a pneumatic tyre.|
Q11-B01A1|Current|(2006-    )|Inner tubes|||
Q11-B01A3|Current|(2006-    )|Emergency or restricted use tyres||Includes tyres that can be temporarily used in a damaged or deflated condition, e.g. using additional inflatable or non-inflatable supporting elements.|
Q11-B01A3A|Current|(2006-    )|Run-flat tyres||Includes run-flat arrangements, e.g. by enabling folding of tyre side wall (see also Q11-B05).|
Q11-B01A5|Current|(2006-    )|Folding tyres||See Q19-A01 for folding bicycle tyres, and e.g. Q11-B03 for Kevlar (RTM) beads per se.|
Q11-B01H|Current|(2006-    )|Heavy duty tyres||Includes tyres used in general heavy duty applications. Can be used in conjunction with Q19 codes to further specify the type of heavy duty vehicle involved.|
Q11-B01S|Current|(2006-    )|Solid tyres||Includes solid rubber tyres and tyres with a solid, e.g. foam material, insert.|
Q11-B01X|Current|(2006-    )|Other tyre types|||
Q11-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Valves||See also Q66 codes for valves per se.|
Q11-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Beads||Includes beads and other similar ply overlap arrangements for enabling tyre to seat on and be retained in wheel rim.|
Q11-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Reinforcements or ply arrangements||Includes cross ply, reinforcing cords, layers, inlays etc.|
Q11-B05|Current|(2006-    )|Tyre sidewalls||Includes grooves and rib markings or coloured inlays, e.g. white walls.|
Q11-B06|Current|(2006-    )|Tread bands, patterns and anti-skid inserts||Includes tread patterns, anti-skid inserts vulcanised into tyre and wear indicators.|
Q11-B15|Current|(2006-    )|Emergency/puncture repair arrangements||Includes emergency use accessories such as tyre sealant sprays to temporarily repair tyre until it can be properly fixed/changed.|
Q11-B20|Current|(2006-    )|Tyre manufacture, mounting and inspection||Includes all mechanical aspects of tyre manufacture such as vulcanising, or equipment for mounting of tyres on wheels (also see Q16-A02) or inspecting tyres. Also includes equipment for balancing wheels and associated balance weights (see also S02-J05 for static or dynamic balance testing per se).|
Q11-B30|Current|(2006-    )|Other tyre details||Includes wheel tape used to cover spoke nipples to protect inner tube (see also Q19-A for bicycles). Also includes novel tyre materials and rubber compositions (see also relevant polymer section A indexing).|
Q11-C|Current|(2006-    )|Connections||Includes assemblies between e.g. towing and towed vehicles.|
Q11-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Traction couplings or hitches||Includes ball and socket hitches or bolt/shackle type hitches mounted on towing vehicle. For power take offs (PTOs) per se, e.g. used on agricultural tractors, see also Q19-G and Q13-C instead. Also includes fifth wheel traction couplings used on articulated lorries (see also Q19-C02). For electrical aspects such as 7pin electrics, see X22-X01A and V04-D codes instead.|
Q11-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Draw gear or towing devices||Includes e.g. V or Y shaped tubular frameworks and hitch arrangements forming part of towed vehicle. Also includes towing chains or ropes, and safety arrangements such as stabiliser bars fixed to towed vehicle for limiting sway of e.g. towed trailer/caravan.|
Q11-C05|Current|(2006-    )|Fittings to facilitate pushing|||
Q11-C07|Current|(2006-    )|Gangways for coupled vehicles||Includes removable walkways between vehicles, e.g. between lorry cab and trailer.|
Q11-C09|Current|(2006-    )|Other connection details||Includes damping arrangements for limiting vibration etc. between towing vehicle and towed assembly/trailer.|
Q12|Old|(    -2005)|Suspension, heating, doors, screens|||
Q12|Current|(2006-    )|Suspension||From 2006 Q12 covers all mechanical details of vehicle suspension systems. Prior to the introduction of Q12 manual codes in 2006, the Q12 class covered vehicle suspensions, heating, doors and screens.|
Q12-A|Current|(2006-    )|Rigid suspensions; Rigid connection between axle and frame|||
Q12-B|Current|(2006-    )|Resilient suspensions||Includes independent resilient suspension for single wheels and resilient suspension for wheel sets or axles with inter-related movement, e.g. live axles.|
Q12-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Spring arrangements|||
Q12-B01A|Current|(2006-    )|Leaf|||
Q12-B01B|Current|(2006-    )|Coil|||
Q12-B01C|Current|(2006-    )|Torsion bar springs|||
Q12-B01D|Current|(2006-    )|Rubber springs||Includes elastomers.|
Q12-B01E|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid springs||Includes hydraulic and air springs.|
Q12-B01F|Current|(2006-    )|Combination of different spring types||Includes suspensions e.g. employing both coil springs and air springs.|
Q12-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Vibration dampers; Shock absorbers|||
Q12-B02A|Current|(2006-    )|Mechanical damper||Includes coil springs used to provide a damping function.|
Q12-B02B|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid damper||Includes hydraulic, pneumatic and quasi-fluid, i.e. having powdered medium, dampers.|
Q12-B02C|Current|(2008-    )|Torsion Damper||Includes torsional damping arrangements.|
Q12-B02D|Current|(2008-    )|Rubber damper||Includes elastic material, e.g. rubber or elastomer dampers.|
Q12-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Spring/damper combinations||Includes coil-over dampers. This code can be used in conjunction with other Q12-B codes to highlight the type of springs and dampers being used.|
Q12-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Spring/damper characteristic adjustment; Vehicle ride height control||Includes control of air pressure within air springs. Also includes arrangements for adjusting caster/camber and toe-in/toe-out of vehicle wheels (see also Q12-B07 for suspension adjustment linkages per se).|
Q12-B06|Current|(2006-    )|Mountings; Brackets||Includes suspension mounting arrangements such as bushes and brackets.|
Q12-B07|Current|(2006-    )|Suspension connections/linkages||Includes Panhard rods, Watt linkages, trailing arms, wishbones etc. Also includes upper and lower ball joints.|
Q12-B09|Current|(2006-    )|Roll/stability control arrangements||Includes mechanical anti-roll bars per se.|
Q12-B15|Current|(2006-    )|Lubrication arrangements|||
Q12-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other suspension details|||
Q13|Old|(    -2005)|Transmissions, controls|||
Q13|Current|(2006-    )|Powertrain/transmission systems and their control||From 2006 Q13 covers all mechanical details of vehicle powertrains, transmission systems and their control. Prior to the introduction of Q13 manual codes in 2006, the Q13 class covered vehicle transmissions and controls, including propulsion unit mounting arrangements and fuel tanks.|
Q13-A|Current|(2006-    )|Powertrain/Transmission systems||For electrical aspects of transmission systems used in electric vehicles or motor vehicles, respectively see X21-A02A and X22-G codes only.|
Q13-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Transmission type|||
Q13-A01A|Current|(2006-    )|Automatic transmission||Includes transmissions where gears are changed under load, so that power continues to be transmitted to drive wheels while shifting. Includes sun and planet gears, planet carriers etc.|
Q13-A01A1|Current|(2006-    )|Double clutch transmission||Includes transmissions using two multiplate clutches arranged on drive side with next gear being preselected in transmission unit not currently transmitting power.|
Q13-A01C|Current|(2006-    )|Continuously variable transmission (CVT)||Includes e.g. mechanical belt wrap transmissions.|
Q13-A01E|Current|(2006-    )|Semi-automatic||Includes manual transmissions where clutch is electronically disengaged during gear shifting, avoiding the need for a driver's clutch pedal.|
Q13-A01M|Current|(2006-    )|Manual transmission||Includes gearing and synchronisers, e.g. used to allow collar and gear to make frictional contact before dog teeth make contact to avoid the need for double declutching.|
Q13-A01X|Current|(2006-    )|Other transmission types||Includes derailleur type transmission assemblies used on bicycles (see also Q19-A). Also includes general hydrostatic transmission system (see Q13-A02 instead for hydraulic torque converters).|
Q13-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Torque converter||Includes fluid coupling type torque converters used in multi-speed and automatic transmissions and lockup clutches used to lock the two halves of the converter together to eliminate slippage when the converter is up to speed. Also see Q13-A01A for automatic transmissions per se.|
Q13-A03|Old|(2006-2011)|Clutch||Includes both wet and dry plate friction clutches. Also includes mechanical lock-up clutches used in e.g. torque converters (see also Q13-A02). Also includes clutch release bearings (see also Q62-G codes), clutch pressure plates and flywheels (see also Q63-E02B). For dual-mass flywheels see also Q17-N for vibration reduction per se.|
Q13-A03|Current|(2012-    )|Clutch||Includes both wet and dry plate friction clutches. Also includes mechanical lock-up clutches used in e.g. torque converters (see also Q13-A02). Also includes clutch release bearings (see also Q62-G codes) and clutch pressure plates. Also includes flywheels (see also Q63-E02B) including dual mass flywheels prior to 2012. From 2012 flywheels are transferred to Q13-A04. Also see Q17-N for vibration reduction per se.|
Q13-A04|Current|(2012-    )|Flywheels||Includes mechanical details of all flywheels including dual mass flywheels (see also Q63-E02B). For vibration reduction per se see Q17-N.|
Q13-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Retarder||Includes hydrodynamic retarders, including primary retarders fittted on drive input side, e.g. for low speed braking of buses, and secondary retarders fitted on drive outout side, e.g. for higher speed or downhill braking of trucks.|
Q13-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Drive shafts||Includes prop shafts and half shafts. Also includes constant velocity joints and other connections (see also Q63-A codes).|
Q13-A09|Current|(2006-    )|Differentials||Includes open and limited slip differentials (See Q13-A11 for 4WD diff locks). See also Q13-A11 for mechanical Torsen (RTM) differentials or viscous couplings used in all wheel drive off-road vehicles.|
Q13-A11|Current|(2006-    )|All wheel drive||Includes both permanent and disengageable all wheel drive and four wheel drive systems. Includes viscous couplings, transfer cases and lockable differentials (see also Q13-A09). For electrical aspects of four or all wheel drive systems see X22-G05 instead, and for systems using intelligent brake application see X22-C02 codes.|
Q13-A15|Current|(2006-    )|Cranks|||
Q13-A16|Current|(2006-    )|Pedals|||
Q13-A17|Current|(2008-    )|Chainrings and sprockets||Includes torsional damping arrangements.|
Q13-A18|Current|(2006-    )|Chains/belts||Includes endless chains and belts.|
Q13-A20|Current|(2006-    )|Lubrication arrangements||Includes oil seals and drain plugs e.g. for gearboxes or differentials.|
Q13-A22|Current|(2006-    )|Cooling arrangements||Includes transmission oil coolers.|
Q13-A24|Current|(2007-    )|Gearing||Includes mechanical aspects of transmission gearing and gearboxes. See Q64-C for further details of gearing in general.|
Q13-A26|Current|(2008-    )|Mountings||Includes gearbox, differential, drive train mounting arrangements and transmission noise control arrangements (see also Q17-N for noise reduction in general).|Bush, rubber, bracket
Q13-A30|Current|(2006-    )|Other transmission hardware|||
Q13-B|Current|(2006-    )|Powertrain/Transmission control arrangements||Includes gear levers per se and gear knobs.|
Q13-C|Current|(2006-    )|Auxiliary drives e.g. from PTO, driven wheel||Includes power take-offs used on e.g. agricultural tractors (see also Q19-G). For mechanical aspects of hitches per se, see Q11-C01.|
Q13-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other transmission details||Includes transaxles, i.e. where gearbox and differential etc. are combined into one unit.|
Q14|Old|(    -2005)|Electric propulsion, seating|||
Q14|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle accessories||From 2006 Q14 covers all mechanical vehicle accessories. See X22-J instead for electrical vehicle accessories. Prior to the introduction of Q14 manual codes in 2006, the Q14 class covered electric propulsion and seating.|
Q14-A|Current|(2006-    )|Seats; Saddles||Includes headrests.|
Q14-A01|Current|(2007-    )|Child seats||Includes removable child seats, and child seats and booster cushions that are integral with vehicle seats.|ISOFIX
Q14-B|Current|(2006-    )|Beds|||
Q14-C|Current|(2006-    )|Safety devices||For electrical aspects, see X22-J11 for general passenger safety devices.|
Q14-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Safety belts; Body harnesses||See X22-J03B codes only for electrical aspects of seat belts.|
Q14-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Inflatable occupant restraints||Includes inflatable airbags, knee bolsters and side/curtain airbags. See X22-J07 only for electrical aspects of airbags.|
Q14-C02A|Current|(2008-    )|For protecting specific occupant||The codes below are used to highlight whether a specific occupant is being protected. For e.g. curtain airbags designed to protect all vehicle occupants then no Q14-C02A codes need be applied.|
Q14-C02A1|Current|(2008-    )|For protecting driver|||
Q14-C02A2|Current|(2008-    )|For protecting front seat passenger|||
Q14-C02A3|Current|(2008-    )|For protecting rear seat passengers|||
Q14-C02C|Current|(2008-    )|Specific inflatable restraint types||These codes can be applied to highlight specific types of inflatable occupant restraint.|
Q14-C02C1|Current|(2008-    )|Inflatable knee bolster|||
Q14-C02C2|Current|(2008-    )|Side/curtain airbag|||
Q14-C02C3|Current|(2008-    )|Dashboard/steering wheel mounted airbag|||
Q14-C02C4|Current|(2008-    )|Roof mounted airbag|||
Q14-C03|Current|(2006-    )|Visual signalling e.g. reflectors||Includes optical signalling devices such as reflectors and e.g. posts mounted on bumper to highlight corner of vehicle for assisting parking or collision prevention. For reflectors built into vehicle light see X22-B and X26-D01A codes only.|
Q14-C04|Current|(2006-    )|Audible signalling e.g. horns||Includes mechanical devices only. See X22-B03H and W05 codes for electrical aspects of vehicle horns.|
Q14-C05|Current|(2006-    )|Portable emergency signal devices||For portable illuminated signalling devices see X22-B03E and T07-X and possibly X26 or W05 codes only.|
Q14-C06|Current|(2006-    )|Crash bars, crash pads||See also Q19-A or Q19-B for bicycles and motorcycles respectively. Also includes side impact protection bars (also see Q17-A06 for doors). Also includes flip-up rollover bars used in cabriolet vehicles (also see Q19-P).|
Q14-C07|Current|(2006-    )|Stabilisers||Includes stabilisers used when learning to ride a bicycle (see also Q19-A). Also includes stabilisers and grounding members for construction vehicles (see also Q19-E). For suspension system stabiliser/anti-roll bars see Q12-B09 instead.|
Q14-C15|Current|(2006-    )|Pedestrian safety systems||Includes passive systems such as pedestrian friendly bonnets (see also Q17-A06) or deformable bumpers (see also Q17-A12).|
Q14-C16|Current|(2008-    )|Vehicle specific clothing||Can be used for all mechanical aspects of vehicle specific clothing, including bicycle and motorcycle helmets, safety shoes and jackets with protective inserts.|
Q14-C20|Current|(2006-    )|Other safety devices||Includes collision responsive collapsible steering columns (see also Q18-B01D5).|
Q14-D|Current|(2006-    )|Anti-glare equipment; Sun shades; Visors; Curtains; Screens||For electrical aspects such as electrochromic window glass see X22-X05.|
Q14-E|Current|(2006-    )|Mirrors||See X22-J04 only for electrical aspects of vehicle mirrors.|
Q14-F|Current|(2006-    )|Luggage/item storage arrangements|||
Q14-F01|Current|(2006-    )|Interior compartments/fittings|||
Q14-F02|Current|(2006-    )|Exterior fittings/racks e.g. for luggage/sports equipment||Includes panniers and cycle carriers. Also includes removable racks for carrying other equipment such as canoes. See Q15 codes for vehicles specifically designed to carry specific loads.|
Q14-G|Current|(2006-    )|Sidecars; Forecars||Also see Q19-B for motorcycles per se.|
Q14-H|Current|(2006-    )|Anti-theft arrangements||Includes steering column lock, steering wheel lock, locking wheel nuts (see also Q11-A15) and other mechanical anti-theft assemblies.|
Q14-H01|Current|(2006-    )|Locks||Includes vehicle door lock assemblies. For electrical aspects of vehicle door locks see X22-D01 codes.|
Q14-I|Current|(2006-    )|Steps e.g. running boards||Includes lift arrangements, e.g. for disabled person. For disabled person aids used on disabled person-specific vehicles such as invalid carriages, see Q15-B13 also.|
Q14-J|Current|(2006-    )|Stands||Includes supports and holders for parking cycle.|Stand, rack
Q14-K|Current|(2006-    )|Mudguards; Chain guards; Weather guards||Includes on and off-board supports and holders and parking cycles (see also Q19-A). See X22-J20 for electrical details of cycle stands and supports for parking purposes, as well as T05 codes for parking fee charging details.|
Q14-L|Current|(2006-    )|Sanitation devices||Includes toilets and washing facilities. Also includes sewage and waste storage.|
Q14-M|Current|(2006-    )|Heating/ventilating/air-conditioning systems||Includes mechanical aspects such as ducting and air directing nozzles. For electrical aspects see X22-J02 codes.|
Q14-N|Current|(2006-    )|Windscreen wipers/washers||Includes all aspects of windscreen/window cleaning such as windscreen wiper blades, screen washers, windscreen scraper/sponge etc. For electrical aspects of vehicle windscreen wipers/washers see X22-J01.|
Q14-P|Current|(2012-    )|Foot Rest||Includes foot rest for supporting passenger's/driver's feet.|
Q14-R|Current|(2013-    )|Vehicle license plate||Includes mechanical details of vehicle number plates. See Q14-C03 also for novel reflectors and X22-B05 for illuminated number plates.|
Q14-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other vehicle accessories||Includes removable aftermarket car mats. See Q17-A10 instead for permanent fixings and fixed interior trim/carpets. Also includes kitchen equipment used in caravan or camper van (see also Q19-F01 and Q19-F02 respectively).|Kitchen; kitchen sinks/worktops/equipment storage; cooker
Q15|Old|(    -2005)|Transporting special loads|||
Q15|Current|(2006-    )|Transporting special loads||From 2006 manual codes have been applied to cover all mechanical arrangements for transporting special loads. Prior to 2006, the Q15 class covered these aspects.|
Q15-A|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicles for transporting special loads and modified to facilitate loading/unloading/consolidating|||
Q15-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Using tipping movement of load supporting surface||Includes dump trucks and tipper lorries (see also Q19-E for construction vehicles per se).|
Q15-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Using endless chains and belts||Includes use of cargo (un)loading conveyor belts.|
Q15-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Using screw conveyors||Includes used of screw conveyors e.g. to unload particulate material.|
Q15-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Using loading ramp||Includes use of cargo bed that can be raised to an inclined position to assist unloading.|
Q15-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Using loading platform|||
Q15-A06|Current|(2006-    )|Using cranes|||
Q15-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Using rollers|||
Q15-A08|Current|(2006-    )|Using vibrators or fluid in direct contact with load||See also V06-D for vibration generators, and X22 for electrical aspects of cargo handling arrangements.|
Q15-A15|Current|(2006-    )|Other loading/unloading arrangements|||
Q15-B|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle adapted to transport special loads||Also see Q19-C codes for further vehicle applications, e.g. Q19-C for commercial vehicles per se.|
Q15-B01|Current|(2006-    )|For transporting prefabricated buildings||Includes vehicles or trailers specifically for transporting mobile homes.|
Q15-B02|Current|(2006-    )|For transporting money or other valuables||Includes armoured cars.|
Q15-B03|Current|(2006-    )|For transporting reels||Includes vehicle for transporting large cable or wire drums.|
Q15-B04|Current|(2006-    )|For transporting animals/meat||Includes lorries or trailers for transporting live animals such as pigs, sheep or cows, or processed meat.|
Q15-B05|Current|(2006-    )|For transporting refrigerated goods||Includes refrigerated lorries (see also Q19-C02). See also X27 for refrigeration systems per se.|
Q15-B06|Current|(2006-    )|For transporting bottles|||
Q15-B07|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle/crane transporter||Includes car transporter lorries.|
Q15-B08|Current|(2006-    )|Tanker vehicles||Includes tanker lorries carrying fluids such as petrol, milk or chemicals.|
Q15-B09|Current|(2006-    )|Spraying vehicles|||
Q15-B10|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicles with living accommodation||For caravans and mobile homes or camper vans per se, see Q19-F01 and Q19-F02 codes respectively.|
Q15-B11|Current|(2006-    )|For transporting mixed concrete||Also see Q19-E for construction vehicles per se.|
Q15-B12|Current|(2006-    )|For carrying long loads|||
Q15-B13|Current|(2006-    )|For transporting persons||Includes wheelchair lifting arrangements and other vehicle fittings specifically designed to adapt vehicle for solely transporting disabled persons, e.g. invalid carriages. For disabled person aids/accessories such as wheelchair lifts used on conventional vehicles see Q14-I instead. See Q19-H03 for ambulances per se. Electrical aspects of e.g. disabled person aids can be coded in X22-X and S05-K codes.|
Q15-B30|Current|(2006-    )|Other vehicle adaptations/modifications||Includes vehicles specifically designed to carry other loads such as gas tanks/cylinders.|
Q15-C|Current|(2006-    )|On-board weighing arrangements||Also see S02-D codes for weighing per se, and X22-X06K for electrical on-board vehicle weighing arrangements.|
Q15-D|Current|(2006-    )|Securing of loads||Includes novel straps and tie-down assemblies for specific loads. Includes tarpaulins for covering lorry trailers (see also Q19-C02 and Q19-J) to prevent load from spilling.|
Q15-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other vehicles predominantly for carrying specific loads|||
Q16|Old|(    -2005)|Vehicle lighting, signaling|||
Q16|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle servicing; maintenance, cleaning equipment; Vehicle design and manufacture||From 2006 Q16 covers all mechanical details of vehicle servicing, maintenance and cleaning equipment as well as vehicle design and manufacture. Prior to the introduction of Q16 manual codes in 2006, the Q16 class covered vehicle lighting and signalling. See X22-B codes for electrical details of lighting and signalling, and Q14-C03 and Q14-C04 codes for mechanical details of vehicle signalling. When a more specific code exists elsewhere, then Q16 codes are not required. For example, a wheel manufacturing apparatus can be adequately covered in Q11-A28 and does not require the application of a Q16-D code.|
Q16-A|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle servicing/maintenance/cleaning equipment|||
Q16-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle cleaning apparatus||See X25-H09C for electrical aspects of car washers.|
Q16-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Servicing/repairing equipment||Includes all equipment/methods for servicing, maintaining and repairing vehicles. For electrical aspects of vehicle servicing equipment, see X22-X16. For off-board wheel balancer see S02-J codes and Q11-B20. Includes mechanical aspects of oil change/reconditioning apparatus and on-board systems that burn dirty oil in combustion chamber and replenish engine with clean oil. For electrical aspects see X22-A16.|
Q16-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle supporting/lifting/manoeuvring apparatus||See X25-F05 codes for electrical aspects of e.g. vehicle engine hoists or drive-on ramps.|
Q16-D|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle design/manufacture/assembly||This code is used to highlight a vehicle manufacturing aspect that cannot be covered elsewhere. For vehicle tyre manufacture see Q11-B20 instead. See T01 codes for electrical CAD/CAM systems.|
Q16-D01|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle manufacture/assembly||See X25-X14 only for electrical aspects of assembly line equipment, and X25-F01 codes for e.g. conveyors per se.|
Q16-D01A|Current|(2006-    )|Production line assembly equipment|||
Q16-D09|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle design||See T01 codes for electrical CAD/CAM systems.|
Q16-R|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle salvaging; recycling||See X25-W04 for electrical aspects of vehicle/material recycling.|
Q16-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other vehicle servicing/manufacturing equipment not provided for|||
Q17|Old|(    -2005)|Vehicle parts, fittings, servicing|||
Q17|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle construction; Fittings; Propulsion arrangements||From 2006 Q17 covers all mechanical details of vehicle construction, fittings and propulsion arangements. Prior to the introduction of Q17 manual codes in 2006, the Q17 class covered vehicle parts and fittings as well as servicing. See Q16-A02 instead of mechanical aspects of vehicle servicing or X22-X16 and X22-A16 for electrical aspects of vehicle/engine servicing. For mechanical details of vehicle engines also see Q51 codes.|
Q17-A|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle construction|||
Q17-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Under structures; Chassis; Subframe; Connections||Includes tubular spaceframe constructions. Also includes passenger protection arrangements such as crumple zones built into the chassis.|
Q17-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Superstructures; Superstructure sub units and connections||Includes side panels, door pillars, fixed roofs, floors etc.|
Q17-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Combined superstructure and frame; Monocoque||Includes monocoques used in racing cars (see also Q19-F03).|
Q17-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Cycle frames||Includes frames and forks used in cycles and motorcycles. Also See Q19-A for cycles, Q19-B for motorcycles and Q12 codes for novel details of suspension forks or rear suspension units.|
Q17-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Streamlining arrangements||Includes spoilers and other valances or wind deflectors. For electrical aspects of exterior fittings such as speed responsive spoilers, see X22-X05 only.|
Q17-A06|Current|(2006-    )|Doors; bonnets; tailgates||Includes mechanical aspects of openings such as doors, boots and bonnets. Gas struts are also coded in Q63-E01D for fluid springs. For electrical aspects such as electric sliding doors or electric door locks, instead see X22-X05 and X22-D01 codes respectively. Also includes side impact beams (see also Q14-C06 for crash bars per se).|
Q17-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Windows||Includes window glass per se and mechanical winders for raising and lowering windows. See X22-H codes only for electrical aspects of power windows.|
Q17-A08|Current|(2006-    )|Sunroof; Removable roof panels; Convertible soft top roof||For electrical aspects see X22-J08 only.|
Q17-A09|Current|(2006-    )|Sealing arrangements||Includes rubber seals and other water-proofing arrangements.|
Q17-A10|Current|(2006-    )|Body finishing arrangements||Includes decorative trim elements such as external rubbing strips, all interior trim, and liners and covers for load compartments such as pick-up truck load beds. For car weatherproof covers used when vehicle is parked see Q14-X instead.|
Q17-A11|Current|(2006-    )|Dashboard; Instrumentation||Includes plastic dashboard mouldings, mountings and clips. See X22-E only for electrical aspects of vehicle dashboards/instrumentation, and S02 codes for dials/displays.|
Q17-A12|Current|(2006-    )|Exterior fittings; Bumpers||Includes bullbars and A-frames mounted on front of off-road vehicle.|
Q17-A13|Current|(2006-    )|Spare wheel stowing, holding or mounting arrangements|||
Q17-A14|Current|(2006-    )|Endless track arrangements||Includes e.g. tank and bulldozer Caterpiller (RTM) tracks (see also Q19-D and Q19-E codes for military and construction vehicles per se). Also see Q19-X for unspecified type tracked vehicles.|
Q17-A15|Current|(2006-    )|Air cushion vehicle equipment||See also Q19-R01 for air cushion vehicles per se. Includes inflatable skirts. Also see Q24 codes for hovercraft per se.|
Q17-A20|Current|(2006-    )|Other vehicle constructions/fittings|||
Q17-E|Current|(2006-    )|Propulsion arrangements||This code can be applied to highlight motor vehicle engine application, especially novel internal details of internal combustion engines such as pistons (Q51-A03B), crankshafts (Q51-A03E) etc., though Q51 codes are the primary codes used to highlight novel internal combustion engines details per se. For novel engine parts that bolt onto the engine such as exhaust systems and intake manifolds see Q17-E15 instead. For electrical aspects of vehicle engines see X22-A codes only.|
Q17-E01|Current|(2006-    )|Engine mounting arrangements||Includes mechanical engine mountings( see also Q51-X). Mechanical vibration reduction mountings can also be coded in Q17-N. For electrically controlled vibration reducing engine mountings see X22-A12 only.|Bush
Q17-E02|Current|(2006-    )|Engine cooling arrangements||Includes radiators per se. For electrical aspects of engine cooling, such as electric water pumps, see X22-A10 only.|
Q17-E03|Current|(2006-    )|Engine lubricating arrangements||Includes e.g. sumps and oil pick up pipes. See X22-A09 for electrical oil pumps etc.|
Q17-E04|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel supply arrangements; Fuel tanks||Includes tanks for storing petrol, diesel, hydrogen etc. For electrical fuel supply arrangements see X22-A02 codes and X22-A03A codes for corresponding control details.|
Q17-E05|Current|(2006-    )|Propulsion unit control arrangements||Includes e.g. throttle cables, accelerator pedals, hand controls etc. For electrical aspects such as electronic throttle controls and electric pedal details see X22-A03B and X22-X12 codes instead.|
Q17-E09|Current|(2009-    )|Exhaust systems||Includes novel primaries, collectors and silencers of motor vehicle exhaust systems. See also Q51-J codes for IC engine exhausts per se. See X22-A07 for electrical aspects of vehicle exhaust systems.|
Q17-E15|Current|(2006-    )|Other propulsion details||Includes engine heating/warming arrangements (see also Q51-L), e.g. using diverted exhaust gas. From 2009 novel mechanical aspects of vehicle exhaust systems have been transferred to Q51-E09.|
Q17-N|Current|(2006-    )|Noise/Vibration/Harshness reduction arrangements||Includes all mechanical aspects associated with reducing noise, vibration and harshness within vehicle, such as use of sound deadening materials. This can be used in conjunction with other Q codes as appropriate, e.g. with Q12 for suspension based NVH reduction. For electrical NVH aspects see the relevant X22 codes such as X22-G03N for transmission based NVH reduction, X22-X08 for general passenger compartment noise reduction and X22-A12 for engine noise/vibration reduction. See Q51-J01 instead for vehicle exhaust silencers.|
Q17-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other vehicle construction; Fittings; Propulsion arrangements not provided for|||
Q18|Old|(    -2005)|Brake-control systems|||
Q18|Current|(2006-    )|Brake systems; Steering systems; Control||From 2006 Q18 covers all mechanical details of vehicle brake and steering systems and their control. Prior to the introduction of Q18 manual codes in 2006, the Q18 class only covered brake control systems. See X22-C02/X22-C05 codes for electrical details of vehicle braking and steering systems.|
Q18-A|Current|(2006-    )|Braking systems; Control||For electrical aspects of braking systems, see X22-C02 codes only.|
Q18-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Braking system components||These codes are applied to highlight specific novel components of the braking system, such as novel brake discs per se (Q18-A01A). If the braking system as a whole is novel, rather than a specific individual part of it, then apply Q18-A03 codes instead, e.g. Q18-A03A for novel disc brake assemblies.|
Q18-A01A|Current|(2006-    )|Discs||Includes novel brake discs per se.|
Q18-A01B|Current|(2006-    )|Drums||Includes novel brake drums per se.|
Q18-A01C|Current|(2006-    )|Pads and shoes||Includes novel brake pads and shoes and their materials.|
Q18-A01D|Current|(2006-    )|Calipers||Includes novel hydraulic brake callipers and mechanical cable operated callipers.|
Q18-A01E|Current|(2006-    )|Cylinders/reservoirs, e.g. master cylinder|||
Q18-A01F|Current|(2006-    )|Valves|||
Q18-A01G|Current|(2006-    )|Brake force control||Includes brake bias valves (also see Q18-A01E). Includes all systems and methods for adjusting braking force. See X22-C02C for electrical brake pressure control systems.|
Q18-A01H|Current|(2013-    )|General brake hydraulics||Includes general hydraulic aspects of vehicle brakes such as brake pipes, hoses, hydraulic lines, clips etc.|
Q18-A01P|Current|(2007-    )|Parking brakes||Includes mechanical details of hand brakes or foot actuated parking brakes. See also Q18-A07 codes for novel details of the parking brake actuating arrangement per se.|
Q18-A01X|Current|(2006-    )|Other brake system components|||
Q18-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Brake assemblies||These codes are only applied when the brake system as a whole is novel. For individual novel brake system components such as discs or callipers see the relevant Q18-A01 codes only.|
Q18-A03A|Current|(2006-    )|Disc brake assemblies|||
Q18-A03B|Current|(2006-    )|Drum brake assemblies|||
Q18-A03C|Current|(2006-    )|Brake assemblies with braking member acting on periphery of drum or wheel||Includes bicycle cantilever brakes (see also Q19-A).|
Q18-A03X|Current|(2006-    )|Other brake assemblies|||
Q18-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Brake cooling arrangements|||
Q18-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Brake action initiating devices||Includes mechanical driver actuated devices. For electrical aspects of brake actuation devices see X22-X12 and X22-C02 codes.|
Q18-A07A|Current|(2006-    )|Foot pedal||Includes brake pedal per se and after-market alloy drilled pedal pads or rubber covers. See X22-X12 only for electrical aspects of brake pedals.|
Q18-A07B|Current|(2006-    )|Hand control (e.g. brake lever)||Includes brake levers (also see Q19-A for bicycles and Q19-B for motorcycles).|
Q18-A07C|Current|(2006-    )|Automatic brake initiation||For electrical aspects of automatic brake initiation see X22-C02D codes only.|
Q18-A10|Current|(2006-    )|Portable wheel chocks||Includes portable chocks e.g. for preventing vehicle from moving during servicing or wheel changing.|
Q18-A15|Current|(2006-    )|Brake safety devices; Monitoring||Includes mechanical aspects of e.g. brake safety such as brake pad wear indicators (see also Q18-A01C).|
Q18-A30|Current|(2006-    )|Other brake systems||Includes deployable braking parachutes. Also includes exhaust braking, e.g. used on diesel engine trucks (see also Q19-C02 and Q51-D03) for sustained slowing down long hills, to prevent overheating of mechanical friction brakes (also see Q51-J07 for exhaust systems per se).|
Q18-B|Current|(2006-    )|Steering systems; Control||For electrical aspects of steering systems, see X22-C05 codes only.|
Q18-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Steering controls||For electrical aspects of steering wheels, see X22-C05C codes only.|
Q18-B01A|Current|(2006-    )|Hand wheels; Steering wheel||Includes steering wheels per se and covering elements. See Also Q14-C02 for steering wheel mounted airbags.|
Q18-B01B|Current|(2006-    )|Hand levers|||
Q18-B01C|Current|(2006-    )|Handlebars; Grips; Stems||Includes handlebars, grips, stems, bar-ends etc. (also see Q19-A for bicycles and Q19-B for motorcycles per se).|
Q18-B01D|Current|(2006-    )|Steering column||Includes column per se.|
Q18-B01D1|Current|(2006-    )|Rake/reach adjustment mechanisms||Includes telescopic and tiltable steering columns to enable adjustment of driving position.|
Q18-B01D3|Current|(2006-    )|Clamps||Includes steering column mounting clamps.|
Q18-B01D5|Current|(2008-    )|Collapsible steering column||Includes steering columns designed to collapse during vehicle collision for safety purposes (see also Q14-C20 for driver safety).|
Q18-B01X|Current|(2006-    )|Other steering controls|||
Q18-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Steering gears/racks||Includes steering racks and associated pinion gears.|
Q18-B02A|Current|(2006-    )|Mechanical type||Includes steering arrangements utilising a mechanical rack/gear arrangement. If hydraulic power assistance is also used see Q18-B06C as well.|
Q18-B02B|Current|(2006-    )|Hydraulic type||Includes systems using hydraulic piston/cylinder assemblies instead of a mechanical rack arrangement to displace steering arms. Also see Q18-B06C for hydraulic power steering.|
Q18-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Steering linkages; Stub axles or their mounting||Includes universal joints, e.g. for interconnecting upper and lower steering columns, and tie rod ends.|
Q18-B06|Current|(2006-    )|Power assisted steering systems||For electrical power assisted steering systems see X22-C05A codes only.|
Q18-B06A|Current|(2006-    )|Mechanical e.g. using power take-off|||
Q18-B06C|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid||Includes hydraulic power assistance.|
Q18-B07|Current|(2006-    )|Automatic steering control arrangements||For electrical automatic steering systems see X22-C05B only.|
Q18-B09|Current|(2006-    )|Other deflectable wheel steering apparatus||Includes passive four wheel steering (4WS) systems (see X22-C05A1 only for electrical 4WS systems).|
Q18-B12|Current|(2006-    )|Steering non-deflectable wheels i.e. endless tracks||Includes steering of tracked vehicles. (also see Q19-D for military tanks and Q19-E for bulldozers).|
Q18-B15|Current|(2006-    )|Other steering arrangements not provided for|||
Q19|Old|(    -2005)|Air-cushion vehicles|||
Q19|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle applications||From 2006 Q19 covers vehicle applications. Prior to the introduction of Q19 manual codes in 2006, the Q19 class only covered air-cushion vehicles. From 2006, see Q19-R01 and Q24-P10 for air-cushion vehicles such as hovercraft.|
Q19-A|Current|(2006-    )|Cycles||Includes bicycles, unicycles, tricycles, tandems, recumbent cycles. For electrical aspects or accessories for bicycles, see X22-P01 only.|
Q19-B|Current|(2006-    )|Motorcycles; Scooters; Mopeds||See X22-P02 only for electrical aspects of motorcycles.|
Q19-C|Current|(2006-    )|Commercial vehicles||See X22-P05 codes only for electrical aspects of commercial vehicles.|
Q19-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Bus/Coach||See X22-P05A for electrical aspects of buses and coaches.|
Q19-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Lorry/Truck||Includes tractor-trailer over-the-highway vehicles. See X22-P05B for electrical aspects of lorries.|
Q19-C03|Current|(2006-    )|Taxi||See X22-P05C for electrical aspects of taxis.|
Q19-C04|Current|(2006-    )|Refuse collecting vehicle||See X22-P05X for electrical aspects of dust carts.|
Q19-C05|Current|(2006-    )|Snow removing vehicle; Snow plough; Road cleaning vehicles||See X25-U05 for electrical aspects of road cleaning and X22-P05X e.g. for snow ploughs.|
Q19-C06|Current|(2006-    )|Forklift truck||See X25-F05A and X21-A01B or X22-P05F for electrical aspects of forklift trucks.|
Q19-C07|Current|(2006-    )|Hearse|||
Q19-C09|Current|(2006-    )|Other commercial vehicles||Includes milk floats, pick-up trucks and commercial vans.|
Q19-D|Current|(2006-    )|Military vehicles||Includes tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc. See W07 and possibly X22-P06 for electrical aspects of military vehicles.|
Q19-E|Current|(2006-    )|Construction vehicles||Includes bulldozers, excavators and cranes. See X25-U (construction), X25-D01 (earth mover) and X22-P07 for electrical aspects. For unspecified use tracked vehicles see Q19-X instead.|
Q19-F|Current|(2006-    )|Recreational vehicles||Includes MPVs (multipurpose vehicles), SUVs (sports utility vehicles), people carriers and quad bikes. See X22-P08 for electrical aspects of recreational vehicles.|
Q19-F01|Current|(2006-    )|Caravan; trailer tent|||
Q19-F02|Current|(2006-    )|Camper van; Motorhome||For equipment adapting vehicle to provide living or sleeping accommodation see Q15-B10.|
Q19-F03|Current|(2006-    )|Racing/sports cars; Go-carts||See Q22-C instead for children's push-along go-karts.|
Q19-F04|Current|(2006-    )|Snow mobile||For sledges see Q22-C01 instead.|
Q19-G|Current|(2006-    )|Agricultural vehicles||Includes tractors, combine harvesters and agricultural implements. See X22-P09/X22-X11 and X25-N codes for electrical aspects of agricultural vehicles per se.|
Q19-H|Current|(2006-    )|Emergency vehicles||See X22-P10 only for electrical aspects of emergency vehicles.|
Q19-H01|Current|(2006-    )|Police car|||
Q19-H02|Current|(2006-    )|Fire engine|||
Q19-H03|Current|(2006-    )|Ambulance|||
Q19-J|Current|(2006-    )|Trailers||See also Q19-C02 for articulated lorry trailers. For electrical aspects of trailers see X22-P11 only.|
Q19-L|Current|(2016-    )|Driverless/autonomous vehicle||Includes mechanical details of vehicles that can drive themselves, such as novel interior design/seating/function that takes advantage of reduced need for conventional driver controls. See X22-P15 and X21-A01L for electrical details of autonomous motor vehicles and electric vehicles respectively.|
Q19-P|Current|(2006-    )|Electric vehicle; fuel cell vehicle||Only mechanical aspects of electric vehicles are coded here. See electrical X21 codes only, when the novelty is electrical in nature.|FCV
Q19-Q|Current|(2006-    )|Hybrid vehicle||Only includes mechanical aspects of hybrid vehicles.|
Q19-Q01|Current|(2006-    )|Hybrid-electric||Includes series/parallel/mixed hybrid-electric and hybrid-fuel cell vehicles. See X22-P04 and X21-A01D codes only for hybrid electric vehicles where the novelty is electrical in nature.|
Q19-Q05|Current|(2006-    )|Hybrid-mechanical||Includes hybrid-flywheel and hybrid-pneumatic vehicles.|
Q19-R|Current|(2006-    )|Convertible vehicles (usable on/in different terrain)|||
Q19-R01|Current|(2006-    )|Amphibious vehicles; Air cushion vehicles, e.g. for transporting heavy loads over small distances||Includes hovercraft type vehicles. Also see Q24-P10 and Q24-P30 for mechanical aspects for marine hovercraft and amphibious vessels respectively, or W06-C codes for electrical aspects.|
Q19-R02|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicles usable on road/rail||Includes motor vehicles with outriggers to allow travel on railway track. Also see Q21 for mechanical railway details, or X22-X and X23-A codes for electrical aspects.|
Q19-R03|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicles convertible into aircraft||Also see Q25 for mechanical aspects of aircraft, or W06-B codes for electrical aspects.|
Q19-R09|Current|(2006-    )|Other convertible vehicles usable in or on different media|||
Q19-S|Current|(2007-    )|Soft top/cabriolet vehicles||Includes vehicles that have a softtop roof or a foldable hard roof, e.g. on coupe/convertible cars. See also Q17-A08 for a novel convertible roofs per se. See Q14-C06 for flip-up rollover bars used cabriolet vehicles.|
Q19-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other vehicle types||Includes unspecified use tracked vehicles (see Q17-A14 for endless track arrangements per se).|
Q2|Current||Special vehicles|||
Q21|Old|(    -2005)|Railways|||
Q21|Current|(2006-    )|Railways||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical railway details. For electrical aspects of railways see X23 codes instead.|
Q21-A|Current|(2006-    )|Railway track arrangements/construction|||
Q21-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Track construction per se||Includes mechanical aspects such as track rails and sleepers per se. Also includes track maintenance assemblies and maintenance vehicles. For track inspection, see Q21-C03I instead. Further includes mechanical details of track changing arrangements, track switches and crossings.|
Q21-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Railway stops fixed to permanent way; Track brakes; Sand tracks; Buffers|||
Q21-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Stations; Station equipment||Includes platform doors, turnstiles etc. See X23-A09A for electrical offboard/station aspects.|
Q21-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Track/station based equipment for transferring passengers, articles or freight to or from train||Includes gangplank and ramp assemblies. For train mounted aspects, see Q21-J06 and Q21-J07 codes instead.|
Q21-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Track based rail or wheel flange lubrication devices|||
Q21-A06|Current|(2006-    )|Turntables; Traversers|||
Q21-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Shunting or short distance haulage devices|||
Q21-A08|Current|(2006-    )|Track mounted derailers; Apparatus for placing vehicles on track||Includes portable or fixed track mounted jacks and hoists for lifting rail cars. For train mounted lifting apparatus see Q21-M03 instead.|
Q21-A12|Current|(2010-    )|Bridges and tunnels|Q21-A15|Includes constructional details of railway bridges and tunnels.|Viaduct
Q21-A15|Current|(2006-    )|Other railway track arrangements|||
Q21-B|Current|(2006-    )|Railway type|||
Q21-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Elevated railway||See also Q21-B02 for monorail systems.|
Q21-B01A|Current|(2006-    )|With suspended vehicles|||
Q21-B01B|Current|(2006-    )|Without suspended vehicles|||
Q21-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Monorail||See also Q21-B01 for elevated monorail systems.|
Q21-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Rope/cable railways||Includes aerial runways. See also Q21-C01D1 for novel traction arrangements utilising cables, ropes or chains.|
Q21-B03A|Current|(2006-    )|Tramway or funicular system||Includes tramways or funiculars using rigid tracks and cable or chain traction. For trams per se see Q21-C03G instead. For novel cable/chain traction assemblies see Q21-C01D1 also.|
Q21-B03B|Current|(2006-    )|Power-and-free systems||Includes overhead systems with suspended vehicles that can be engaged with drive train when powered or disengaged when in free unpowered or stopped mode. For power and free conveyors see Q35 class or X25-F codes if electrical.|
Q21-B03C|Current|(2006-    )|Ski lift, sleigh lift or trackless systems with guided towing cables only|||
Q21-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Rack railway|||
Q21-B05|Current|(2006-    )|Sliding or levitation systems|||
Q21-B05A|Current|(2006-    )|Magnetic suspension arrangements||See X23-A01A4 and X12-C codes for electrical aspects of magnetic levitation systems and electro- and super-conducting magnets per se.|
Q21-B09|Current|(2006-    )|Other railway types||Includes tunnel systems. Also see Q35 class for e.g. pneumatic tube conveying arrangements or X25-F codes for electrical conveying systems.|
Q21-C|Current|(2006-    )|Locomotive/motor railcar type||These codes are applied to classify the locomotive type when the novelty being coded is mechanical. If the novelty is electrical in nature then see X23 and other EPI codes instead.|
Q21-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Type of propulsion for locomotive or railcar|||
Q21-C01A|Current|(2006-    )|Steam locomotives or railcars|||
Q21-C01B|Current|(2006-    )|Electric locomotives or railcars|||
Q21-C01C|Current|(2006-    )|IC engined or gas turbine engined locomotives or motor railcars||See also Q21-C01B for diesel-electric locomotives.|
Q21-C01D|Current|(2006-    )|Other locomotive/motor railcar propulsion systems (e.g. propulsion devices between/alongside rails)|||
Q21-C01D1|Current|(2006-    )|Tractive effort applied to cables or chains||See also Q21-B03 codes for e.g. funiculars.|
Q21-C01D2|Current|(2006-    )|Tractive effort applied to racks|||
Q21-C01D3|Current|(2006-    )|Tractive effort applied or supplied by aerodynamic force or fluid reaction|||
Q21-C03|Current|(2006-    )|Type of carriage or wagon||These codes are intended to highlight specific types carriage or wagon construction.|
Q21-C03A|Current|(2006-    )|Passenger carriages||This code is mainly applied when the novelty relates to the carriage superstructure itself or fittings such as windows, doors or bulkheads etc. permanently mounted to/inside the carriage. Novel accessories such as seats used in a passenger carriage are not normally included here (see Q21-J03).|
Q21-C03B|Current|(2006-    )|Wagons or vans||Includes freight wagons.|
Q21-C03C|Current|(2006-    )|Tank wagons or carrying fluent materials||Includes tankers for carrying liquids.|
Q21-C03D|Current|(2006-    )|Hopper cars||Includes e.g. wagons for carrying particulate material with dispensing openings at bottom of wagon.|
Q21-C03E|Current|(2006-    )|Tipping wagons|||
Q21-C03F|Current|(2006-    )|Mine cars||See X25-D02 for electrical aspects of mining vehicles.|
Q21-C03G|Current|(2006-    )|Tramway vehicles||The code is applied for novel trams per se. For cable/rope driven tram or funicular railways in general see Q21-B03A instead.|
Q21-C03H|Current|(2006-    )|Buffer cars|||
Q21-C03I|Current|(2006-    )|Railway inspection trolleys||Includes all types of railway inspection vehicles. For novel track maintenance vehicles, also see Q21-A01.|
Q21-C03X|Current|(2006-    )|Other railway vehicles||Includes rail vehicles convertible for use on road (see also Q19-R02).|
Q21-D|Current|(2006-    )|Rail vehicle construction; fittings; Underframes; Suspension; Transmissions|||
Q21-D01|Current|(2006-    )|Superstructures||Includes wall panels, floors, bulkheads and roofs etc. For movable roof assemblies see Q21-D17 instead.|
Q21-D02|Current|(2006-    )|Underframes; Chassis|||
Q21-D03|Current|(2006-    )|Bogies||Includes wheel/axle assemblies fastened to chassis.|
Q21-D04|Current|(2006-    )|Connections between underframes and bogies, e.g. to allow relative movement||Includes suspension arrangements. See X23-A01C for electrical aspects of railway suspension systems.|
Q21-D05|Current|(2006-    )|Adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves||Includes e.g. passive carriage tilt control. See X23-A01C for railway train active suspension/carriage tilt control. Also includes arrangements for adjusting orientation/steering of wheels e.g. when rounding bend to reduce wheel flange and rail head wear.|
Q21-D06|Current|(2006-    )|Axle boxes and their mounting||Includes wheel bearing arrangements inside axle box.|
Q21-D07|Current|(2006-    )|Lubrication assembly for axle box||Includes lubrication arrangements and oil sumps for axle box wheel bearings.|
Q21-D08|Current|(2006-    )|Arrangements to allow use on tracks of different width||Includes systems for adjusting wheel spacing to allow train to run on different gauge tracks.|
Q21-D09|Current|(2006-    )|Derailment preventing equipment|||
Q21-D10|Current|(2006-    )|Rail engaging elements, e.g. wheels or balls||Includes wheels and other assemblies for engaging tracks, overhead rails etc.|
Q21-D10A|Current|(2007-    )|Traction increasing equipment||Includes dispensing of particulate material such as sand under train wheels on railway track to increase grip. See Q21-F09 also, if sand is dispensed specifically to improve braking.|
Q21-D11|Current|(2006-    )|Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers|||
Q21-D12|Current|(2006-    )|Couplings; Draught or buffering appliances|||
Q21-D12A|Current|(2006-    )|Couplings||Includes couplings between carriages.|
Q21-D12B|Current|(2006-    )|Draw gear|||
Q21-D12C|Current|(2006-    )|Buffers|||
Q21-D13|Current|(2006-    )|Transmission systems||Includes power transmission arrangements.|
Q21-D14|Current|(2006-    )|Aerodynamic modifications to reduce air resistance||Includes spoilers and other wind deflectors, especially for high speed trains.|
Q21-D15|Current|(2006-    )|Doors|||
Q21-D16|Current|(2006-    )|Windows|||
Q21-D17|Current|(2006-    )|Movable roofs; Covers; Tarpaulins||For fixed roofs see Q21-D01 for novel train superstructures.|
Q21-D25|Current|(2006-    )|Other rail vehicle constructions, fittings||Includes constructions/fittings designed for safety purposes, such as fire resistant bulkheads (see also Q21-D01). Accessories such as fire extinguishers are included in Q21-J09 only.|
Q21-F|Current|(2006-    )|Brake systems||See X23-A01B for electrical braking systems. Q18-A codes may also need to be applied when they provide a more detailed breakdown of the brake system.|
Q21-F01|Current|(2006-    )|Braking arrangements acting on wheels|||
Q21-F02|Current|(2006-    )|Brakes with braking members co-operating with track|||
Q21-F03|Current|(2006-    )|Hydrostatic, hydrodynamic or aerodynamic brakes||Includes air brakes.|
Q21-F04|Current|(2006-    )|Brake wear compensating mechanisms||Includes mechanical adjusters to compensate for brake pad wear.|
Q21-F05|Current|(2006-    )|Brake actuation mechanisms||Includes brake actuating levers.|
Q21-F09|Current|(2006-    )|Other braking arrangements||Includes other braking systems and brake system components.|Brake pipes, clamps, clips, hoses
Q21-J|Current|(2006-    )|Rail vehicle accessories||See X23-A13 for electrical train accessories. Other Q14 codes may also need to be applied when a more detailed breakdown exists.|
Q21-J01|Current|(2006-    )|Sleeping accommodation; Beds||See X27-A03 for electrical aspects of furniture per se.|
Q21-J02|Current|(2006-    )|Heating; cooling; ventilating; air-conditioning||Includes mechanical ducting and vents.|
Q21-J03|Current|(2006-    )|Seats|||
Q21-J04|Current|(2006-    )|Sanitation arrangements||Includes toilets and washing facilities.|
Q21-J05|Current|(2006-    )|Steps||Includes all train mounted arrangements for assisting boarding of passengers such as fixed or movable steps, or wheelchair lifting or ramp assemblies etc.|
Q21-J06|Current|(2006-    )|Cargo/luggage loading and unloading arrangements||Includes cargo loading ramps and hoists. For platform based cargo/passenger handling, see Q21-A04 instead.|
Q21-J07|Current|(2006-    )|Cargo/luggage storing/securing arrangements||Includes cargo storage compartments and restraining devices such as luggage nets or straps.|
Q21-J08|Current|(2007-    )|Railway safety systems||Includes systems for evacuating passengers from train during emergency and e.g. glass hammers mounted inside train. Also includes fire fighting equipment such as fire extinguishers. See Q21-D05 for train constructional features designed specifically for safety purposes such as fire-resistant bulkheads.|Fire-extinguisher, emergency, safety, escape slide, escape hatch
Q21-J09|Current|(2006-    )|Other rail vehicle accessories||Includes any other rail vehicle accessories that can not be coded elsewhere.|
Q21-M|Current|(2006-    )|Locomotive servicing/maintenance; Cleaning; Train/track design and manufacture||For track maintenance equipment see Q21-A01 instead. Track inspection vehicles are coded in Q21-C03I only.|
Q21-M01|Current|(2006-    )|Train cleaning apparatus||Includes equipment for washing the exterior of the train or train specific equipment for cleaning the inside of the train.|
Q21-M02|Current|(2006-    )|Locomotive servicing equipment, e.g. filling locomotive with water or sand||Includes water columns and coal bunkers (see also Q21-C01A for steam locomotives). Also includes tools used during servicing and maintenance operations.|
Q21-M03|Current|(2006-    )|Rail vehicle mounted locomotive supporting/lifting/manoeuvring apparatus||Includes train mounted cranes for manoeuvring train after derailment or accident. For track mounted equipment such as cranes and jack assemblies, see Q21-A08 instead.|
Q21-M05|Current|(2006-    )|Train design/manufacture/assembly/refurbishment||See e.g. T01 codes for computer/CAD/CAM systems for train design and manufacture.|
Q21-M09|Current|(2006-    )|Other locomotive servicing/manufacturing equipment not provided for|||
Q21-N|Current|(2007-    )|Noise/Vibration /Harshness reduction arrangements||Includes all aspects of reducing noise, vibration or harshness on-board railway train, and also offboard aspects such as track mounted arrangements for reducing noise from passing train (see also Q21-A15).|
Q21-S|Current|(2006-    )|Safety and signalling equipment||For electrical aspects of railway safety or signalling see X23-B codes.|
Q21-S01|Current|(2006-    )|Points and signalling||See X23-B03 for electrical aspects of points and signals and their operation.|
Q21-S01A|Current|(2006-    )|Points and scotch blocks and their operating devices||Includes locking mechanisms for points.|
Q21-S01C|Current|(2006-    )|Signals and their operating devices||For warning signals used at level crossing to warn motorists, see Q21-S07C.|
Q21-S01C1|Current|(2006-    )|Visible signals||Includes flags, semophores and reflectors. See X23-B03 for electrical/illuminated signals.|
Q21-S01C2|Current|(2006-    )|Audible signals||Includes pneumatic horms.|
Q21-S01C3|Current|(2006-    )|Signalling indicators on train|||
Q21-S01E|Current|(2006-    )|Arrangement for interlocking between points and signals||See X23-B04A codes for electrical interlocking between points and signals.|
Q21-S05|Current|(2006-    )|Train traffic control; Track/station blocking||Includes arrangements for dividing track into block sections so that multiple trains are not present in a signal block, to reduce the risk of collisions. See X23-B04C for electrical aspects of track/station blocking.|
Q21-S05A|Current|(2006-    )|For controlling traffic in one direction only|||
Q21-S05C|Current|(2006-    )|For controlling traffic in two directions over same pair of rails||Includes e.g. using token system, tablets, staffs etc.|
Q21-S07|Current|(2006-    )|Safety systems for rail/road crossing traffic||See X23-B05A and maybe T07-A05A for electrical aspects of railway crossing systems.|
Q21-S07A|Current|(2006-    )|Guards; Gates||Includes mechanical gates and barriers per se.|
Q21-S07B|Current|(2006-    )|Operation of gates||Includes actuating arrangements for opening and closing gates/barriers.|
Q21-S07C|Current|(2006-    )|Warning devices for road traffic||See T07-A05A for electrical aspects of railway crossing road traffic warning systems.|
Q21-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other locomotive aspects||Includes locomotive aspects that are not covered elsewhere.|
Q22|Old|(    -2005)|Hand, motor vehicles|||
Q22|Current|(2006-    )|Hand/foot/animal drawn vehicles||From 2006 Q22 covers all mechanical details of hand/foot and animal drawn vehicles such as carts, wheelchairs, sledges and horse-drawn carriages. Prior to the introduction of Q22 manual codes in 2006, the Q22 class covered hand and motor vehicles which included carts, sledges, steering systems/controls, vehicle under/super structures, trailers and vehicle design, manufacture and (dis)assembly.|
Q22-A|Current|(2006-    )|Hand carts|||
Q22-A01|Current|(2006-    )|With single axis carrying transport wheels||Includes wheelbarrows.|
Q22-A02|Current|(2006-    )|With more than one axis carrying transport wheels||Includes four-wheeled barrows and mechanical aspects of shopping trolleys (see X25-F05A for electrical aspects of shopping trolleys).|
Q22-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Accessories for hand carts||Includes handle grips and brakes.|
Q22-B|Current|(2006-    )|Carriages for children; Perambulators|||
Q22-B01|Current|(2006-    )|With single wheel axis|||
Q22-B02|Current|(2006-    )|With more than one wheel axis||Includes three and four wheeled, twin axle pushchairs.|
Q22-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Accessories for children's carriages/perambulators||Includes luggage racks, bottle holders etc.|
Q22-C|Current|(2006-    )|Other hand propelled vehicles||Includes unpowered children's go-karts.|
Q22-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Sledges/ice boats|||
Q22-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Wheelchairs||See S05-G02A for electrical aspects of wheelchairs, and X21-A01A and S05-K01 for electrical aspects of mobility vehicles.|
Q22-C03|Current|(2007-    )|Accessories for other hand propelled vehicles||Includes seats, handles, foot rests, etc.|
Q22-D|Current|(2006-    )|Land vehicles drawn by animals (e.g. horse-drawn cart)||Includes e.g. horse-drawn carts.|
Q22-M|Current|(2007-    )|Foot propelled vehicles||Includes stand on scooters and skateboard type devices propelled by user's feet. See W04-X codes for electrical aspects of toy skateboards. See Q19-A instead for bicycles and P36 for novel roller skates or ice skates.|
Q22-X|Current|(2007-    )|Other carts/carriages/vehicles|||
Q23|Retired|(    -2005)|Cycles*||*Prior to 2006 Q23 covered all details of cycles including mechanical details of bicycles and motorcycles. From 2006 Q23 has been discontinued and mechanical details of cycles are now covered by the relevant Q11-Q19 codes, with Q19-A and Q19-B used to highlight the bicycle and motorcycle applications per se.|
Q24|Old|(    -2005)|Ships|||
Q24|Current|(2006-    )|Ships; Waterborne vessels; Related equipment||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical ship, waterborne vessel and port details. For electrical aspects of ships see W06-C codes instead.|
Q24-A|Current|(2006-    )|Ship construction; Fittings|||
Q24-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Hulls||Includes surfboard constructions.|
Q24-A01A|Current|(2006-    )|Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features (e.g. hydrofoils, hydroplanes)||Includes e.g. hydrofoils and hydroplanes. Also includes shock-wave/drag reducing bow assembly.|
Q24-A01B|Current|(2006-    )|Hull shell|||
Q24-A01C|Current|(2006-    )|Frames|||
Q24-A01D|Current|(2006-    )|Keels||Includes permanently fixed, non-movable keels.|
Q24-A01D1|Current|(2006-    )|Movable/drop keels/centre boards||See Q24-E05A instead for movable rudders.|
Q24-A01E|Current|(2006-    )|Stern posts|||
Q24-A01F|Current|(2006-    )|Shaft brackets|||
Q24-A01G|Current|(2006-    )|Stems|||
Q24-A01H|Current|(2006-    )|Decks||Includes flooring.|
Q24-A01I|Current|(2006-    )|Bulkheads||Also see Q24-B09H for watertight arrangements for bulkheads.|
Q24-A01J|Current|(2006-    )|Gratings|||
Q24-A01K|Current|(2006-    )|Panellings; Linings|||
Q24-A01L|Current|(2006-    )|Reinforcements for carrying localised loads|||
Q24-A01M|Current|(2006-    )|Collapsible; foldable; inflatable hulls||Includes inflatable dinghy hull assemblies and cushions for hovercraft (see also Q24-P10).|
Q24-A01N|Current|(2006-    )|Ballasting; Self-bailing equipment; Scuppers||Includes bilge pumps.|
Q24-A01P|Current|(2006-    )|Multiple hull arrangements|||
Q24-A01X|Current|(2006-    )|Other hull details||Includes mechanical hull details not covered elsewhere.|
Q24-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Windows; Doors; Ports|||
Q24-A03A|Current|(2006-    )|Windows; Port holes|||
Q24-A03B|Current|(2006-    )|Doors|||
Q24-A03C|Current|(2006-    )|Ports; Hatches|||
Q24-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Superstructures; Masts (includes conning towers)||Includes conning towers. See W06-A codes for radar installations and W02 codes for radio masts etc.|
Q24-A15|Current|(2006-    )|Other ship construction; fittings|||
Q24-B|Current|(2006-    )|Ship accessories||Includes mechanical aspects of shipboard lighting and signalling (see also X26 for lighting per se).|
Q24-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Passenger/crew accommodating arrangements; Cabins; Galleys|||
Q24-B01A|Current|(2006-    )|Furniture - vessel specific||Includes furniture specifically designed for marine/ship application, such as seats and beds etc.|
Q24-B01C|Current|(2006-    )|Sanitation arrangements|||
Q24-B01C1|Current|(2006-    )|Toilets|||
Q24-B01C2|Current|(2006-    )|Washing facilities; Showers||See X27-A02A4 for electrical aspects of showers and wash basins, and X27-E03A for electrical aspects of water heating.|
Q24-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Load accommodating arrangements|||
Q24-B02A|Current|(2006-    )|Load accommodating compartments||Includes e.g. movable/detachable decks, and storage tanks.|
Q24-B02C|Current|(2006-    )|Ship-board load handling arrangements||Includes e.g. derricks, cranes, winches, chutes, cableways, conveyors for loading/unloading.|
Q24-B02E|Current|(2007-    )|Ship-board passenger handling arrangements||Includes ship-mounted extendable gang planks or platforms lowerable into the water or onto dry land to aid boarding or alighting of vessel. For shore mounted passenger handling arrangements see Q24-R03 instead.|
Q24-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Heating; Ventilating; Air-conditioning||Includes mechanical aspects only. See W06-C01C5 for electrical aspects of HVAC systems.|
Q24-B05|Current|(2006-    )|Instrumentation||Includes e.g. mechanical gauges, periscopes. See S02 codes for further details of instrumentation per se, and W06-B01B codes for electrical instrumentation details.|
Q24-B07|Current|(2006-    )|Desalination plants - fresh water production|||
Q24-B09|Current|(2006-    )|Emergency/safety equipment||Includes shipboard safety devices. For personal equipment such as life jackets and life rings, see Q24-X01A.|
Q24-B09A|Current|(2006-    )|Fire fighting equipment|||
Q24-B09C|Current|(2006-    )|Life boat equipment|||
Q24-B09C1|Current|(2006-    )|Fastening or storage on deck|||
Q24-B09C2|Current|(2006-    )|Deployment devices||Includes e.g. hoists, davits, winches.|
Q24-B09E|Current|(2006-    )|Apparatus to control vessel attitude||Includes equipment to decrease roll, pitch or like unwanted vessel movement. Includes arrangements to reduce the risk of capsizing or sinking.|
Q24-B09E1|Current|(2006-    )|By improving stability||Includes use of e.g. ballast tanks|
Q24-B09E3|Current|(2006-    )|By improving buoyancy||Includes use of e.g. buoyancy chambers.|
Q24-B09G|Current|(2006-    )|Anti-collision arrangements, e.g. feelers|||
Q24-B09H|Current|(2006-    )|Watertight arrangements||Includes e.g. watertight doors/bulkheads (see also Q24-A03B and Q24-A01I respectively).|
Q24-B09X|Current|(2007-    )|Other safety/emergency equipment/systems||Includes emergency escape equipment such as escape shaft in vessel, e.g. between sunken vessel and rescue vessel.|
Q24-B10|Current|(2006-    )|Waste water/Sewage treatment plants||See Q24-B01C for sanitation and toilet systems per se.|
Q24-B99|Current|(2010-    )|Other ship accessories|Q24-B||
Q24-C|Current|(2006-    )|Tying-up; anchoring, towing/pushing equipment|||
Q24-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Mooring equipment||For mooring against jetty, pier or other vessel.|
Q24-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Anchoring arrangements||E.g. when using ground-engaging anchor|
Q24-C02A|Current|(2006-    )|Anchors|||
Q24-C03|Current|(2006-    )|Boat hooks|||
Q24-C04|Current|(2006-    )|Towing/pushing equipment|||
Q24-C05|Current|(2006-    )|Ancillaries, e.g. chains; ropes; clamps, bollards; fairleads; hawsers||Includes ancillaries used for e.g. mooring, anchoring or tying-up.|
Q24-E|Current|(2006-    )|Marine propulsion and steering|||
Q24-E01|Current|(2006-    )|Propulsive elements||These codes describe the type of propulsion used on the ship and are only applied when the type of propulsion system has some bearing on the novelty.|
Q24-E01A|Current|(2006-    )|Directly acting on water||Includes water jet propulsion (see Q24-P21 for jet-skis).|
Q24-E01A1|Current|(2006-    )|Of rotary type|||
Q24-E01A1A|Current|(2006-    )|Propellers||Includes propellers per se and propeller driven vessels when the propulsion aspect is inportant.|
Q24-E01A1C|Current|(2006-    )|Paddle wheels|||
Q24-E01A3|Current|(2006-    )|Of non-rotary type, e.g. flaps||Includes oars (see also Q24-E01G for muscle power).|
Q24-E01C|Current|(2006-    )|Directly acting on air (e.g. for hovercraft)||Also see Q24-P10 for hovercraft per se, and Q24-P30 for swamp boats having large propeller acting on air.|
Q24-E01E|Current|(2006-    )|Directly acted on by wind (e.g. sails, Magnus effect)||Includes sails per se. See Q24-A05 for masts per se.|
Q24-E01G|Current|(2006-    )|Using muscle power||Includes use of e.g. oars, movable thwarts, foot rests, sculls.|
Q24-E01X|Current|(2006-    )|Using other means||Includes e.g. using water currents, e.g. tidal flow, or direct engagement with water bed.|
Q24-E02|Current|(2006-    )|Propulsion power plant||The codes in this section describe the type of propulsion used on the ship and are generally only applied when the type of propulsion has some bearing on the novelty.|
Q24-E02A|Current|(2006-    )|Using internal combustion engines|||
Q24-E02A1|Current|(2006-    )|Outboard motors|||
Q24-E02A3|Current|(2006-    )|Inboard motors|||
Q24-E02B|Current|(2006-    )|Using external combustion engine, e.g. gas turbine||For gas turbine engines per se, see also Q52 codes.|
Q24-E02C|Current|(2006-    )|Using steam|||
Q24-E02C1|Current|(2006-    )|Using steam turbine|||
Q24-E02C3|Current|(2006-    )|Using positive displacement steam engine|||
Q24-E02D|Current|(2006-    )|Using hydraulic fluid motor|||
Q24-E02E|Current|(2006-    )|Using nuclear energy|||
Q24-E02F|Current|(2006-    )|Using land vehicle supported on vessel|||
Q24-E02G|Current|(2006-    )|Using land based animal/vehicle, e.g. horse|||
Q24-E02M|Current|(2008-    )|Fuel supply arrangements||Includes fuel tanks and associated pipework. For IC engine and gas turbine engine fuel supply aspects see Q51-H01 and Q52-C codes respectively.|
Q24-E02X|Current|(2007-    )|Other propulsion power plant|||
Q24-E03|Current|(2006-    )|Transmission systems||Includes novel drive trains.|
Q24-E03A|Current|(2006-    )|Gearing|||
Q24-E03C|Current|(2006-    )|Clutch|||
Q24-E03E|Current|(2006-    )|Drive shafts; propeller shafts; shaft tubes; seals etc.|||
Q24-E05|Current|(2006-    )|Steering arrangements|||
Q24-E05A|Current|(2006-    )|Steering by rudders||Includes rudder and tiller assemblies per se.|
Q24-E05C|Current|(2006-    )|Steering by propulsive elements||Includes systems changing direction of propeller shaft.|
Q24-E05E|Current|(2006-    )|Steering/slowing by extensible flaps|||
Q24-E05G|Current|(2006-    )|Steering by deflecting propeller slipstream||Includes rudder type elements in propeller slipstream.|
Q24-E05X|Current|(2006-    )|Other steering arrangements|||
Q24-M|Current|(2006-    )|Military equipment||See W07 codes for electrical aspects of military equipment and W06-C codes for electrical aspects of ships. See Q24-P30 for military vessel application.|
Q24-M01|Current|(2006-    )|Offensive equipment|||
Q24-M01A|Current|(2006-    )|Guns and missile launchers||See W07-E05 for electrical aspects of weapons launching systems. Also includes torpedo launchers.|
Q24-M01B|Current|(2006-    )|Mine and depth charge launchers|||
Q24-M01E|Current|(2006-    )|Ammunition stores and handlers|||
Q24-M03|Current|(2006-    )|Defensive equipment||Includes e.g. camouflage. For electrical aspects of active camouflage see W07-F03 instead.|
Q24-M03A|Current|(2006-    )|Mine sweeping/clearing||E.g. using towed mechanical cables. For electrical aspects of mine detection/sweeping/clearing see e.g. W07-F05 and W06-C codes instead.|
Q24-N|Current|(2007-    )|Noise/Vibration /Harshness reduction arrangements||Includes all ship-board arrangements for reducing noise, vibration or harshness, e.g. use of sound-deadening material.|
Q24-P|Current|(2006-    )|Vessels or floating structures adapted for special purposes|||
Q24-P01|Current|(2006-    )|Pipe laying vessels|||
Q24-P02|Current|(2006-    )|Cable laying vessels|||
Q24-P03|Current|(2006-    )|Ice breakers|||
Q24-P04|Current|(2006-    )|Fishing vessels||Includes small fishing boats and large commercial trawlers.|
Q24-P05|Current|(2006-    )|Barges or lighters|||
Q24-P06|Current|(2006-    )|Environmental vessels, e.g. for collecting pollution from open water||Includes vessels adapted to clear up or contain environmental distasters such as oil spillages.|
Q24-P07|Current|(2006-    )|For transporting marine vessels|||
Q24-P08|Current|(2006-    )|Floating buildings, drilling platforms, workshops||Includes floating vessels normally designed to be static at a fixed location.|
Q24-P09|Current|(2006-    )|Canal boat|||
Q24-P10|Current|(2006-    )|Waterborne air cushion vehicle||Includes hovercraft.|
Q24-P11|Current|(2006-    )|Submarines; submersible craft|||
Q24-P12|Current|(2006-    )|Flying vessels|||
Q24-P13|Current|(2006-    )|Military vessels||Includes e.g. aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates. For electrical aspects of military ships see W06-C and W07 codes respectively.|
Q24-P14|Current|(2006-    )|Ferries|||
Q24-P15|Current|(2006-    )|Tugs|||
Q24-P16|Current|(2006-    )|Light ships|||
Q24-P17|Current|(2006-    )|Pontoons||See Q24-R15 instead for ground-engaging piers/jettys.|
Q24-P18|Current|(2006-    )|Buoys||See W06-C07C for electrical aspects of buoys.|
Q24-P19|Current|(2006-    )|Rafts|||
Q24-P20|Current|(2006-    )|Canoes; Kayaks|||
Q24-P21|Current|(2006-    )|Sports/Pleasure equipment, e.g. surfboards, sail boards, water skis||Includes all recreational vehicles such as small sailing boats (see also Q24-E01E for sail arrangements per se), personal watercraft, jet-skis.|Boogie board, kite surfing, sail board
Q24-P22|Current|(2010-    )|Sailing boats|Q24-P21|Includes all sail powered vessels such as sailing boats and yachts. See Q24-E01E for sail arrangements per se.|
Q24-P24|Current|(2008-    )|Tanker vessels||Includes marine vessels that transport fluids such as crude oil, water, fuels etc.|
Q24-P25|Current|(2007-    )|Commercial vessels||Includes general non-specific commercial ships. Use other Q25-P codes instead when a more specific commercial vessel is specified.|
Q24-P28|Current|(2007-    )|Emergency services vessels||Includes coastguard vessels, police boats, fire tenders etc. For lifeboats and lifeboat equipment on-board e.g. ferry, see Q24-B09C (and Q24-P14 fof ferry) also.|
Q24-P30|Current|(2006-    )|Other special purpose vessels||Includes swamp boats and amphibious vessels (see also Q19-R01).|
Q24-R|Current|(2006-    )|Port, harbour, marina equipment|||
Q24-R01|Current|(2006-    )|Dry-docks|||
Q24-R02|Current|(2006-    )|Vessel launching/hauling-out||Includes slipways and boat hoists|
Q24-R03|Current|(2006-    )|Passenger handling equipment||Includes steps and other dockside passenger handling equipment.|
Q24-R05|Current|(2006-    )|Load/vehicle handling equipment||Includes vehicle loading ramps.|
Q24-R09|Current|(2006-    )|Marine craft servicing and maintenance equipment||See W06-C07 for electrical aspects of ship maintenance.|
Q24-R10|Current|(2006-    )|Cleaning equipment||Includes hull scrapers.|
Q24-R15|Current|(2006-    )|Other ground/port based equipment||Includes piers and jetties (see also Q21-P17 for inflatable jetties/pontoons).|
Q24-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other waterborne vessel details and related equipment|||
Q24-X01|Current|(2006-    )|Life saving in the water|||
Q24-X01A|Current|(2006-    )|Life jackets; Vests; Buoyancy aids; Rings|||
Q24-X01B|Current|(2006-    )|Shark screens; Nets|||
Q24-X04|Current|(2006-    )|Diving equipment|||
Q24-X05|Current|(2006-    )|Ship/boat manufacture||See W06-C08 for electrical aspects of ship manufacture. See Q51-M or Q52-M respectively for manufacture of IC and gas turbine engines used in ships.|
Q24-X06|Current|(2006-    )|Salvaging equipment|||
Q24-X07|Current|(2006-    )|Ship design and testing||Includes e.g. using towing tanks or model basins for designing. See T01 codes for computerised (CAD) ship design.|
Q24-X11|Current|(2006-    )|Boat trailers; other over-land boat transportation devices||See also Q19-J for trailers per se. For vehicles specifically designed to carry specific loads such as vehicles or boats, see Q15-B07.|
Q25|Old|(    -2005)|Aircraft; aviation, cosmonautics|||
Q25|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft; aviation, cosmonautics||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical aircraft, aviation and cosmonautic details. See Q25-S for cosmonautics per se and Q25-X for non-specific aircraft/spacecraft systems such as aircraft/spacecraft manufacture (Q25-X05). For electrical aspects of aircraft and space vehicles see W06-B codes instead.|
Q25-A|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft construction; Fittings|||
Q25-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Fuselages||Includes aircraft body construction and interior trim. Includes nose cones.|
Q25-A01A|Current|(2006-    )|Air frames||Includes fuselage subframes/chassis.|
Q25-A01C|Current|(2006-    )|Decks||Includes flooring.|
Q25-A01E|Current|(2006-    )|Bulkheads|||
Q25-A01G|Current|(2006-    )|Fuselage skins; panels; linings; insulation|||
Q25-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Wings|||
Q25-A02A|Current|(2006-    )|Ribs; spars; stringers|||
Q25-A02C|Current|(2006-    )|Wing skins; panels|||
Q25-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Windows; doors; hatches|||
Q25-A03A|Current|(2006-    )|Windows|||
Q25-A03A1|Current|(2006-    )|Blinds|||
Q25-A03C|Current|(2006-    )|Doors|||
Q25-A03E|Current|(2006-    )|Hatches|||
Q25-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Stabilising/aerodynamic surfaces||Includes tail planes; nose planes; fins; nacelles. For control surfaces per se, such as moveable flaps and rudders, see Q25-C05 codes instead. For nose cones per se, see Q25-A01 instead.|
Q25-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Undercarriages; alighting gear|||
Q25-A05A|Current|(2006-    )|Wheels assemblies||Includes aircraft wheels and tyres. For novel tyres etc. see also Q11 codes for a more detailed breakdown.|
Q25-A05B|Current|(2006-    )|Skis; runners|||
Q25-A05C|Current|(2006-    )|Float assemblies||Includes buoyant floats for landing on water. See also Q25-P04 for sea planes per se.|
Q25-A05F|Current|(2006-    )|Air cushion alighting gear|||
Q25-A05G|Retired|(2006-2006)|Arrestor hooks, e.g. for use on aircraft carrier*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to Q25-A07G. T07-A05G remains searchable for patents from 200601-200682.|
Q25-A07|Current|(2007-    )|Brake systems||Includes mechanical brake system components such as novel brake pad friction materials.|
Q25-A07A|Current|(2007-    )|Air brakes||Includes deployable air-brake parachutes.|
Q25-A07G|Current|(2007-    )|Arrestor hooks, e.g. for use on aircraft carrier||Includes arrestor arrangements for stopping military aircraft (see also Q25-P13) onboard aircraft carrier. See Q25-A05G prior to 200701.|
Q25-A07X|Current|(2007-    )|Other braking systems|||
Q25-B|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft accessories||Includes aircraft lighting/signalling.|
Q25-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Passenger/crew accommodating arrangements; Cabins; Galleys||Includes mechanical aspects of kitchen equipment, e.g. food carts. Also includes retractable steps to assist boarding of crew/passengers.|
Q25-B01A|Current|(2006-    )|Furniture - vessel specific||Includes e.g. aircraft specific tables, trays and seats, including ejector seats (see also Q25-M for military aircraft).|
Q25-B01C|Current|(2006-    )|Sanitation arrangements||Includes waste water and sewage processing systems.|
Q25-B01C1|Current|(2006-    )|Toilets|||
Q25-B01C2|Current|(2006-    )|Washing facilities; Showers|||
Q25-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Load accommodating arrangements|||
Q25-B02A|Current|(2006-    )|Load accommodating compartments/decks||Includes luggage and cargo holds and passenger compartment overhead storage compartments.|
Q25-B02C|Current|(2006-    )|Ship-board load handling arrangements||Includes e.g. derricks, cranes, winches, chutes, cableways and conveyors for loading/unloading. See Q25-R05 for airport based load handling equipment.|
Q25-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Heating; Ventilating; Air-conditioning||Includes ducting etc. For electrical aspects of HVAC systems used in aircraft, see W06-B01C5 instead.|
Q25-B04|Current|(2006-    )|De-icing arrangements||Includes e.g. using ducted hot gas. For electrical de-icing arrangements see W06-B01C4 and X25-B codes for electrical heating per se.|
Q25-B05|Current|(2006-    )|Instrumentation (mechanical aspects)||For electrical aspects of aircraft instrumentation see W06-B01B and S02 codes.|
Q25-B09|Current|(2006-    )|On-board safety/emergency equipment||See W06-B01C8 for on-board electrical security systems e.g. to prevent hi-jacking.|
Q25-B09A|Current|(2006-    )|Fire fighting equipment||Includes fire blankets and extinguishers used on-board aircraft.|
Q25-B09C|Current|(2006-    )|Emergency oxygen supplies||See W06-B01C9 for electrical aspects of emergency oxygen supply systems.|
Q25-B09E|Current|(2006-    )|Escape slides (and other emergency exit arrangements)||Includes inflatable emergency slides. See also Q25-B01A for ejector seats.|
Q25-B09G|Current|(2006-    )|Parachutes|||
Q25-B15|Current|(2006-    )|Other aircraft accessories||E.g. includes dropping, releasing articles and liquids, e.g. to fight forest fire or for crop spraying (see X25-X05 and X25-N01B respectively for electrical aspects of fire-fighting and crop spraying).|
Q25-C|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft propulsion and steering; attitude/altitude control|||
Q25-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Propulsive elements||These codes describe the type of propulsive elements being used and are generally only applied when the type of propulsive elements has some bearing on novelty.|
Q25-C01A|Current|(2006-    )|Directly acting on air|||
Q25-C01A1|Current|(2006-    )|Rotary propellers||See also Q25-C02B for turboprop external combustion engine propulsion. Also includes helicopter rotors (also see Q25-C05C if rotor control surface positioning/feathering is detailed).|
Q25-C01A3|Current|(2006-    )|Of non-rotary type, e.g. flappable wings||Also see Q25-P03 for ornithopters per se.|
Q25-C01E|Current|(2006-    )|Directly acted on by wind||Includes e.g. hang glider canopy.|
Q25-C01G|Current|(2006-    )|Using muscle power (e.g. pedal powered)||Includes use of pedal power.|
Q25-C01X|Current|(2006-    )|Using other means|||
Q25-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Propulsion power plant||These codes describe the type of propulsion used on the aircraft and are generally only applied when the type of aircraft propulsion has some bearing on the novelty.|
Q25-C02A|Current|(2006-    )|Using internal combustion engines|||
Q25-C02B|Current|(2006-    )|Using external combustion engine||For gas turbine engines per se, see also Q52 codes.|Gas turbine, RAMJET, SCRAMJET, turbojet, turboprop
Q25-C02G|Current|(2006-    )|Using land based animal/vehicle||Includes e.g. using vehicle to tow glider during take-off.|
Q25-C02M|Current|(2007-    )|Fuel supply arrangements||Includes fuel tanks and associated pipework. For gas turbine engine fuel supply aspects see Q52-C codes. Also includes mechanical aspects associated with in-flight refuelling.|
Q25-C02X|Current|(2007-    )|Other propulsion power plant|||
Q25-C03|Current|(2006-    )|Transmission systems|||
Q25-C03A|Current|(2006-    )|Gearing|||
Q25-C03C|Current|(2006-    )|Clutch||Includes novel drive trains.|
Q25-C03E|Current|(2006-    )|Drive shafts; propeller shafts etc.|||
Q25-C05|Current|(2006-    )|Steering/attitude/altitude control arrangements; stabilisation|||
Q25-C05A|Current|(2006-    )|By rudders|||
Q25-C05C|Current|(2006-    )|By flaps/control surfaces||Includes aerodynamic control surfaces and their control, e.g. flaps in aircraft wings.|
Q25-C05E|Current|(2006-    )|By propulsion plant||Includes use of e.g. tiltable turbine engines to achieve steering/attitude control.|
Q25-C05G|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft stabilisation||Includes e.g. transferring fuel to adjust trim, or ballast supply/discharge.|
Q25-C05H|Current|(2006-    )|Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces||Includes boundary-layer flow control, and e.g. use of slots, ducts, porous or rough surfaces, magnus effect of shock wave generators to adjust air flow over aircraft surfaces. For use of flaps and other movable control surfaces to adjust air flow, see Q25-C05C instead, and for fixed aerodynamic assemblies such as tail or nose planes, see Q25-A04 instead.|
Q25-M|Current|(2006-    )|Military equipment||Respectively see W07 and W06-B codes for electrical aspects of military equipment and aircraft per se. Includes both offensive and defensive equipment. See Q25-P30 instead for military aircraft applications per se.|
Q25-N|Current|(2007-    )|Noise/Vibration /Harshness reduction arrangements||Includes all aircraft-board arrangements for reducing noise, vibration or harshness, including use of sound deadening material.|
Q25-P|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft adapted for special purposes|||
Q25-P01|Current|(2006-    )|Lighter-than-air aircraft|||
Q25-P01A|Current|(2006-    )|Airship|||
Q25-P01B|Current|(2006-    )|Balloon|||
Q25-P02|Current|(2006-    )|Rotorcraft; Helicopter|||
Q25-P03|Current|(2006-    )|Ornithopter||Includes aircraft utilising a wing flapping motion.|
Q25-P04|Current|(2006-    )|Sea plane||Includes amphibious aircraft and flying boats. Flying ground effect aircraft are coded in Q24-P12 only.|
Q25-P05|Current|(2006-    )|Glider|||
Q25-P06|Current|(2006-    )|Microlight|||
Q25-P07|Current|(2006-    )|Hang-gliders and para-gliders|||
Q25-P08|Current|(2006-    )|VTOL (Vertical-take-off and landing) aircraft|||
Q25-P09|Current|(2006-    )|Kites|||
Q25-P10|Current|(2006-    )|Convertible aircraft||Includes e.g. motor vehicle convertible into aircraft (see also Q19-R03).|
Q25-P13|Current|(2007-    )|Military aircraft||For mechanical military equipment used onboard aircraft, see Q25-M. See W07 and W06-B codes for electrical aspects of military aircraft.|
Q25-P25|Current|(2007-    )|Commercial aircraft||Includes general non-specific commercial aircraft.|
Q25-P30|Current|(2006-    )|Other special purpose aircraft||Includes military and commercial aircraft.|
Q25-R|Current|(2006-    )|Airport, ground or aircraft carrier equipment|||
Q25-R01|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft storage; Hangars||Includes moorings for airships.|
Q25-R02|Current|(2006-    )|Airfield/runway construction||Includes airfield construction methods and e.g. mechanical aspects of runway lighting. Helipad/landing pad.|
Q25-R03|Current|(2006-    )|Passenger handling equipment||Includes steps and aircraft stands.|
Q25-R05|Current|(2006-    )|Load handling equipment||See Q25-B02 codes for aircraft mounted load handling equipment.|
Q25-R07|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft launching/towing gear; Arresting gear|||
Q25-R09|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft servicing and maintenance equipment|||
Q25-R10|Current|(2006-    )|Cleaning equipment|||
Q25-R15|Current|(2006-    )|Other ground/aircraft carrier based equipment|||
Q25-S|Current|(2006-    )|Space/cosmonautic vehicles/equipment||See W06-B03 instead for electrical aspects of space/cosmonautic vehicles. These codes are used in isolation and are not intended to be used in conjunction with other Q25 codes, except Q25-X codes for non-specific aircraft/spacecraft systems and equipment.|
Q25-S01|Current|(2006-    )|Cosmonautic vehicle type|||
Q25-S01A|Current|(2006-    )|Artificial satellites; Space stations||For satellite communication systems per se, see W02-C03B1 codes only.|
Q25-S01B|Current|(2006-    )|Space shuttles|||
Q25-S01C|Current|(2006-    )|Space rockets|||
Q25-S01D|Current|(2006-    )|Extraterrestrial vehicles|||
Q25-S02|Current|(2006-    )|Navigation and position control||Includes e.g. using jets, gyros, inertia, Earth's magnetic field, gravity gradient.|
Q25-S03|Current|(2006-    )|Instrumentation||Includes mechanical aspects. See S02 for instrumentation in general and W06-B01B for electrical aspects of aircraft instrumentation.|
Q25-S04|Current|(2006-    )|Propulsion systems||Includes solid rocket boosters (see also Q52-B03 for rocket engines per se).|
Q25-S05|Current|(2006-    )|Life support equipment||Includes mechanical aspects of heating and air-conditioning equipment.|
Q25-S06|Current|(2006-    )|Protection/safety/emergency devices||Includes systems for protecting the space craft per se. For astronaut protecting space suits see Q25-X01 only.|
Q25-S06A|Current|(2006-    )|Protection against radiation|||
Q25-S06B|Current|(2006-    )|Protection against meteorites/foreign bodies|||
Q25-S06C|Current|(2006-    )|Thermal protection||Includes mechanical heat shields and tiles. Also includes thermal insulation on spacecraft to protect astronauts from extreme temperatures.|
Q25-S07|Current|(2006-    )|Crew/passenger accommodation|||
Q25-S07A|Current|(2006-    )|Sanitation arrangements|||
Q25-S08|Current|(2006-    )|Systems for re-entry into Earth's atmosphere; retarding/landing devices||Includes parachutes, space capsules.|
Q25-S09|Current|(2006-    )|Coupling/separating equipment||Includes docking equipment. Also includes couplings between vehicles or parts of them, e.g. between separable rocket stages or between solid rocket booster and space shuttle.|
Q25-S10|Current|(2006-    )|Ground equipment||Includes rocket launching tower.|
Q25-S11|Current|(2007-    )|Load accommodating arrangements||Includes cargo bays and storage compartments, as well as load handling arrangements such as arms used to launch satellites. See W06-B03 and X25-F or X25-A03E codes for electrical aspects of load handling/manipulating equipment.|
Q25-S15|Current|(2006-    )|Other space/cosmonautic equipment|||
Q25-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other aircraft/cosmonautic details and related equipment|||
Q25-X01|Current|(2006-    )|Flying suits; Space suits|||
Q25-X03|Current|(2006-    )|Parachute training equipment|||
Q25-X04|Current|(2006-    )|Astronaut training equipment; Simulators|||
Q25-X05|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft/spacecraft manufacture||Includes both aircraft and spacecraft manufacturing systems, and (dis)assembly equipment and methods. See W06-B08 for electrical aspects of aircraft or spacecraft manufacture. See Q51-M or Q52-M respectively for manufacture of IC and gas turbine engines used in aircraft.|
Q25-X07|Current|(2006-    )|Aircraft design and testing||E.g. using wind tunnels.|
Q3|Old|(    -2011)|Conveying, Packaging, Storing|||
Q3|Current|(2012-    )|Conveying, Packaging, Storing||Q3 manual codes have been applied from 2012 to primarily allow mechanical details of packages and packaging equipment to be highlighted.|
Q31|Old|(    -2011)|Packaging, labelling|||
Q31|Current|(2012-    )|Packaging processes and equipment||From 2012 Q31 has been redefined to cover codes that are intended to highlight the equipment/methods etc. used for packaging/labelling material/goods during primary and secondary packaging. The type of container/bottle being filled/labelled/closed etc., as well as the container material can be specified by assigning Q32 and Q33 codes, respectively. The type of product being packaged/bottled can also be highlighted by the assignment of Q34 codes. For novel details of the actual container/bottle or its closure see Q32 codes instead. Details of transit packaging is coded under Q32-T. Prior to 2012 Q31 remains searchable for packaging and labelling in general.|
Q31-A|Current|(2012-    )|Packaging, Liquid Handling||Packaging/packing/bottling details with electrical content are coded under X25-F03A codes.|
Q31-A01|Current|(2012-    )|Packaging equipment, methods and control|||
Q31-A01A|Current|(2012-    )|Filling, bottling||Includes filling by gravity flow, rotary feeders (screw and centrifugal type feeders), vibratory feeders, pressure, pneumatic means, e.g. suction, etc. Also includes equipment for assisting filling, such as funnels or nozzles for introducing the articles or materials into containers. Also includes details for feeding blanks to the filling machine, for opening container, e.g. box or bag, and maintaining it in position during filling. Electrical details of Filling/bottling plant and processes are coded in X25-F03A1|Canning, tinning
Q31-A01A1|Current|(2012-    )|Filling, bottling equipment and apparatus|||
Q31-A01A3|Current|(2012-    )|Filling, bottling methods, processes and control|||
Q31-A01B|Current|(2012-    )|Closing and sealing packages or bottles||Details of Modified-Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) equipment and processes, such as gas flushing and compensated vacuum that re-balance gases inside the package to e.g. reduce levels of oxygen and to replace gases with Nitrogen or CO2, are coded under Q31-A01B1A and Q31-A01B3A, respectively.|MAP, vacuum packaging
Q31-A01B1|Current|(2012-    )|Closing and sealing equipment and apparatus|||
Q31-A01B1A|Current|(2012-    )|MAP and Vacuum equipment and apparatus|||
Q31-A01B3|Current|(2012-    )|Closing and sealing methods, processes and control|||
Q31-A01B3A|Current|(2012-    )|MAP and Vacuum methods, processes and control|||
Q31-A01C|Current|(2012-    )|Opening packages/bottles|||
Q31-A01C1|Current|(2012-    )|Opening equipment and apparatus||Includes manual and powered opening devices, such as can openers and slotted keys. Bottle and can openers with electrical content are also coded under X27-B04.|Corkscrew, bottle opener, can/tin opener, churchkey
Q31-A01C3|Current|(2012-    )|Opening methods, processes and control|||
Q31-A01E|Current|(2012-    )|Wrapping/bundling||Includes details for orientating the articles, e.g. cigarettes, filled bottles, biscuits, before being placed in crates, boxes, etc.|
Q31-A01E1|Current|(2012-    )|Wrapping|||
Q31-A01E1A|Current|(2012-    )|Wrapping equipment and apparatus|||
Q31-A01E1B|Current|(2012-    )|Wrapping methods, processes and control|||
Q31-A01E2|Current|(2012-    )|Bundling||Includes details for placing bottles in crates.|Banding, strapping, bale
Q31-A01E2A|Current|(2012-    )|Bundling equipment and apparatus|||
Q31-A01E2B|Current|(2012-    )|Bundling methods, processes and control|| |
Q31-A02|Current|(2012-    )|Unpacking/emptying equipment, methods and control||For dispensing measured amounts of liquid, see Q31-A03 instead.|
Q31-A02A|Current|(2012-    )|Unpacking/emptying equipment and apparatus|||
Q31-A02B|Current|(2012-    )|Unpacking/emptying methods, processes and control|||
Q31-A03|Current|(2012-    )|Dispensing equipment, methods and control||Includes details for dispensing a liquid into a recipient, such as a spirit measure attached to a bottle of spirit, device for dispensing beverages on draught or for dispensing beverages in bottles. Details of containers with removable pouring/dispensing arrangements, such as spout, spray pump, are coded under Q32-D06C only, and details of packaging with integral dispensing arrangements are coded under Q32-D06B only. Dispensing equipment, method and control details with electrical content is coded under X25-F03B. Dispensers for domestic alcoholic beverages with electrical content are coded under X27-X02. Bottling in general is coded in Q31-A0A codes only.|Spirit measure, bar optic
Q31-A03A|Current|(2012-    )|Liquid/semiliquid transfer equipment, methods and control||Includes transfer of liquids from storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or portable containers.|
Q31-A03B|Current|(2012-    )|Solid/particulates/powder transfer equipment, methods and control||Includes transfer of particulates from storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or portable containers.|
Q31-A05|Current|(2012-    )|Cleaning/sterilising equipment, methods and control||Includes devices and methods for cleaning or sterilising cans/tins, bottles, etc., including concurrent cleaning and filling of cans/tins, bottles, etc.|Autoclave, pasteurisation
Q31-A99|Current|(2012-    )|Other packaging equipment, methods and control|||
Q31-B|Current|(2012-    )|Labelling; Tagging||Labelling/tagging equipment and methods with electrical content, including labels and tags per se, are coded under X25-F03A3C.|
Q31-B01|Current|(2012-    )|Labelling equipment and methods|||
Q31-B01A|Current|(2012-    )|Labelling equipment and apparatus|||
Q31-B01B|Current|(2012-    )|Labelling methods, processes and control|||
Q31-B02|Current|(2012-    )|Labels||Includes labels directly glued on a container, such as adhesive labels, wraparound labels, etc. Also includes labels attached to a container using e.g. a string, ribbon or elastic, such as swing tag labels. Also includes cardboard sleeves. Details of labels for tracking/tracing the packaging are also coded under Q32-D03A.|
Q31-B02A|Current|(2012-    )|Food labelling regulations and standards|||
Q31-C|Current|(2012-    )|Manufacturing details||Includes manufacturing details of packaging plant as well as manufacture of packaging containers/bottles themselves. Q31-C should be used in conjunction with other Q32 codes to highlight the type of container or closure being manufactured, e.g. bottle, jar, lid, etc. Also see section A for novel polymer details such as A12-P for packaging applications and A11-B/C for details of forming, molding and heat sealing of polymers. Also see section L01 for manufacture of glass items such as L01-L06 for packaging applications as well as e.g. L01-E for manufacturing hollow containers. Includes manufacturing details of external and internal packaging elements.|
Q31-R|Current|(2012-    )|Recycling details||Includes recycling details of containers, lids/caps and transit packaging. Electrical details of recycling are coded under X25-W04.|
Q32|Old|(    -2011)|Containers|||
Q32|Current|(2012-    )|Container/closure types, special packaging features and transit packaging||From 2012 Q32 has been redefined to cover container and closure types and special features of containers/packaging. Q32 codes should be used in conjunction with Q31, Q33 and Q34 codes as appropriate. Manufacturing and recycling details are covered by Q31-R. Prior to 2012 Q32 remains searchable for containers in general.|
Q32-A|Current|(2012-    )|Container Type||These codes are used to highlight the type of container that is either novel per se or used in the packaging/bottling system/method.|
Q32-A01|Current|(2012-    )|Bottles|||
Q32-A02|Current|(2012-    )|Ampoules|||
Q32-A03|Current|(2012-    )|Cartons|||
Q32-A04|Current|(2012-    )|Jars|||
Q32-A05|Current|(2012-    )|Cans; Casks; Barrels; Drums|||
Q32-A05A|Current|(2012-    )|Aerosol containers|||
Q32-A05B|Current|(2012-    )|Drums; Tanks|||
Q32-A05C|Current|(2012-    )|Casks; Barrels|||
Q32-A08|Current|(2012-    )|Boxes; Crates|||
Q32-A09|Current|(2012-    )|Trays|||
Q32-A10|Current|(2012-    )|Baskets|||
Q32-A15|Current|(2012-    )|Sacks; Bags; Pouches; Envelopes||Includes plastic compost bags and paper bags.|
Q32-A15A|Current|(2012-    )|Reclosable/resealable||Includes resealable freezer bags and other airtight bags.|Re-sealable, air-tight, zip (RTM)
Q32-A16|Current|(2012-    )|Collapsible tubes||Includes tubes for toothpaste or ointment.|
Q32-A17|Current|(2012-    )|Blister packaging; Skin packaging|||
Q32-A18|Current|(2012-    )|Wrapping films; Film laminates; Shrink packaging|||
Q32-A18A|Current|(2012-    )|Shrink packaging; Shrink wraps/films||For shrink wrapping of multiple packages, e.g. for transportation see Q32-T01C instead.|
Q32-A20|Current|(2014-    )|Cups|||
Q32-A99|Current|(2012-    )|Other container types|||Bucket
Q32-B|Current|(2012-    )|Container or bottle construction||Details of transit packaging elements, such as corner protectors, air pillows or polystyrene peanuts, are coded under Q32-T codes only.|
Q32-B01|Current|(2012-    )|Walls||Includes lines of weakness to facilitate the opening of the container.|
Q32-B02|Current|(2012-    )|Partitions/dividers|||
Q32-B03|Current|(2012-    )|Reinforcements; strengthening arrangements|||
Q32-B04|Current|(2012-    )|Foldable; erectable containers||Includes containers formed from blanks such as cardboard boxes (see also Q32-A08 and Q33-C).|
Q32-B05|Current|(2012-    )|Collapsible containers||Includes containers that can be collapsed when not storing product.|
Q32-B06|Current|(2012-    )|Handles; carrying aids|||
Q32-B99|Current|(2012-    )|Other constructional details||Includes lining, drip catcher, internal/external coating and inspection window.|
Q32-C|Current|(2012-    )|Closure details, e.g. lids/caps||Q32-C section codes are intended to highlight the type/construction of the actual closure/lid etc. for the package itself.|
Q32-C01|Current|(2012-    )|Removable lids/caps|||
Q32-C01A|Current|(2012-    )|Threaded|||Screw cap, pushdown and turn cap
Q32-C01B|Current|(2012-    )|Snap-action||Includes push-on caps.|
Q32-C01D|Current|(2012-    )|Deformable/breakable||Includes deformable ring pulls as well as lids with integrated pull tabs for food cans/tins that do not require a can opener. Also includes crown caps used on beer bottles and closures with lines of weakness designed to be broken. Stay tabs for beverage cans are coded under Q32-C02 only.|Crown cap, crown seal, pull-off bottle cap, ring-pull, tape tab, tear strip, tearable wire
Q32-C01G|Current|(2012-    )|Bungs and corks||Includes rubber or plastic stoppers and corks for wine bottles. Wine bottle foils or capsules are coded under Q32-D11 instead. Includes closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures.|
Q32-C01H|Current|(2012-    )|Films and seals||Includes lidding films used to form a sealed layer on yogurts, margarine tubs, packs of delicatessen, etc. Also includes disc-like seals for bottle opening. For novel seals used in re-sealable bags also see Q32-A15A.|Aluminium foil liner/gasket
Q32-C01X|Current|(2012-    )|Other removable closures|||
Q32-C02|Current|(2012-    )|Non-removable closures/lids/caps||Includes lids that are hinged or slideable and remain attached to container whether open or closed, such as stay tabs for beverage cans. Also includes details of closing arrangements for bags and sacks, e.g. adhesive flaps, strings, etc.|Stay-on-tab, gable top
Q32-C99|Current|(2012-    )|Other closure details||Includes details to prevent idle rotation of the cap (to prevent gravity from rotating the cap downwards when contents are discharged from the container).|Anti-fogging lid
Q32-D|Current|(2012-    )|Special packaging features|||
Q32-D01|Current|(2012-    )|Packaging providing special environment||Includes packaging keeping goods at specific temperature, pressure, moisture level, or oxygen level, or using fungicides, antimicrobials and nanocomposites for longer shelf life, etc. Includes moisture absorbers, e.g. desiccants, oxygen scavengers/absorbers, and the use of thermochromic inks to indicate a change in temperature.|Insulation, sterile
Q32-D01A|Current|(2012-    )|Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)||Includes "breathable" films used in equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging that passively control the atmosphere inside the package to prolong the life of the packaged goods.|Vacuum packaging, EMAP
Q32-D01C|Current|(2012-    )|Barriers||Includes gas barriers, e.g. oxygen barriers, moisture barriers and bacterial barriers.|
Q32-D01X|Current|(2012-    )|Other packaging providing special environment||Includes corrosion inhibitors.|
Q32-D02|Current|(2012-    )|Self-heating/self-cooling packaging||Includes active packaging to heat food without external heat source or power, typically using an exothermic chemical reaction, esp. for military ready-to-eat meals.|Also cooling contents using endothermic reaction
Q32-D03|Current|(2012-    )|Safety features|||
Q32-D03A|Current|(2012-    )|Trackable/traceable packaging||RFID details per se, including constructional details, are coded by T04-K codes only, and electrical details of goods tracking are coded by X25-F11. This code is used to cover attachment details of e.g. RFID chip to the packaging. Also includes codes used in the food industry e.g. 'family farm codes' on meat products so consumers can learn the location of the farm where e.g. chickens, cows, etc were raised, and in the medical industry to avoid drug counterfeiting. If the codes are printed on/attached to the label, also include Q31-B02. Also includes special labels dedicated to barcodes. Details of barcodes per se, barcode writing and reading are coded under T04-C02, T04-A02B and T04-A03B1, respectively.|Trace code
Q32-D03B|Current|(2012-    )|Tamper resistant; preventing unauthorised removal/refilling; Anti-counterfeit features||Includes child resistant caps, and valves used for preventing refilling of containers.|Tamperproof
Q32-D03C|Current|(2012-    )|Tamper evident||Includes pop-up caps on jam jars and breakable seals across cap/lid.|Wax seal
Q32-D03X|Current|(2012-    )|Other safety features|||Anti-explosion
Q32-D05|Current|(2012-    )|Containers storing two or more different products||Includes containers with internal partitions or multi-compartment containers for storing 2 or more samples of the same product or two or more different products. Also see Q32-B02 for novel partitions/dividers used in containers.|
Q32-D06|Current|(2012-    )|Dispensing features||This code is used in conjunction with Q34-A and Q34-B to highlight the type of product dispensed, e.g. liquid/semiliquid or solid/particulates. Equipment/method/control details for dispensing contents into a container, e.g. for dispensing beverages in bottles, are coded under Q31-A03 only.|
Q32-D06A|Current|(2012-    )|Controlled/metered dose||Includes details for dispensing a controlled quantity, such as for nasal sprays or inhalers. This code can be used in conjunction with Q32-D06B or Q32-D06C to specify whether the dispenser is removable or integrated within the container.|Spirit measure, bar optic
Q32-D06B|Current|(2012-    )|Containers with integral dispensing arrangements||Includes containers with built-in dispensing arrangements. Spouts etc. that can be removably attached to the container, e.g. screwed on spouts, are coded under Q32-D06C only. Ring-pulls, stay tabs and ring pull type removable tin tops are coded In Q32-C instead.|
Q32-D06C|Current|(2012-    )|Containers with removable pouring/dispensing arrangement||Includes lids with spouts, e.g. screw on spouts. If spout is integrated within the container, see Q32-D06B instead. Includes screw-on (see also Q32-C01A) sport caps for drinks bottles with lift/flip up top to allow drinking.|Spray pump
Q32-D06D|Current|(2012-    )|Preventing loss of cap/lid||Includes pull-off caps that are fixed to closure by tether.|
Q32-D07|Current|(2012-    )|Closures/lids/caps with means for preventing re-filling||Includes containers with single-use closures such as one-way valves or closures that are destroyed upon opening.|
Q32-D08|Current|(2012-    )|Closures/lids/caps with means for pressure application||Includes wire arrangement for applying pressure to cork used on champagne bottles.|
Q32-D11|Current|(2012-    )|Decorative features||Includes wine bottle foils or capsules, as well as wax seals.|
Q32-D12|Current|(2012-    )|Protective features; Secondary covers||Includes secondary covers used to protect main closure from e.g. dirt, such as plastic caps covering drinking spout (see also Q32-D06) or sports cap for bottle (see also Q32-A01).|Dust, dirt, contamination, protection
Q32-T|Current|(2012-    )|Transit Packaging||These codes are intended to highlight package accessories, e.g. straps, wrappers, cardboard edges to be fitted to outside of package to protect it during shipment etc.|
Q32-T01|Current|(2012-    )|External packaging elements|||
Q32-T01A|Current|(2012-    )|Plugs, Sleeves, Caps for protecting/bundling of articles||Includes protectors for screw threads, corner protectors, and end caps.|
Q32-T01B|Current|(2012-    )|Flexible elongated elements||Includes straps.|
Q32-T01C|Current|(2012-    )|Wrappers or flexible covers and wrapping machines|||
Q32-T01D|Current|(2012-    )|Pallets and palletizing equipment|||
Q32-T02|Current|(2012-    )|Internal packaging elements||Includes partitions and inner packaging pieces used to separate, cushion, suspend and fill irregular spaces within a container. Includes chips or peanuts made of polystyrene or recycled products, air pillows, foam packaging such as expanded polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam or polyurethane foam, and corrugated board.|Partitions or dividers placed inside a container for separating 2 or more products stored in the same container are coded under Q32-B02 and Q32-D05 only
Q33|Old|(    -2011)|Closures|||
Q33|Current|(2012-    )|Packaging container/closure material||From 2012 Q33 has been redefined to highlight the material the container or closure is made of. Q33 codes should be used with Q31, Q32 and Q34 as appropriate. Prior to 2012 Q33 remains searchable for closures in general.|
Q33-A|Current|(2012-    )|Glass|||
Q33-B|Current|(2012-    )|Plastic; polymer; polystyrene; thermocol|||
Q33-C|Current|(2012-    )|Paper; card; cardboard|||
Q33-C01|Current|(2012-    )|Treated paper, card and cardboard||Includes foil-lined containers for e.g. fruit juices.|
Q33-D|Current|(2012-    )|Metal||Includes aluminium foil.|
Q33-E|Current|(2012-    )|Wood|||
Q33-F|Current|(2012-    )|Ceramic; Earthenware|||
Q33-G|Current|(2012-    )|Microwaveable packaging||Includes food packaging specially made for use in a microwave. Includes metalized film (metalized polyethylene, polypropylene, PET) or metalized cardboard (so called crisping sleeve) used as a subset for cooking in a microwave oven, to help make food crisp and brown.|See also X27-C01 for microwave cookware
Q33-H|Current|(2013-    )|Cloth; fabric||Includes details of packaging made from terry cloth, linen, cotton, fleece, microfibers, etc.|See also X27-C01 for microwave cookware
Q33-J|Current|(2012-    )|Green/sustainable packaging|||
Q33-J01|Current|(2012-    )|Biodegradable packaging||Includes compostable packaging.|
Q33-J02|Current|(2012-    )|Made from renewable sources||Includes packaging made from renewable sources such as corn starch, sugarcanes, and tapioca products including roots, chips or starch. Also includes packaging made from recycled materials.|PLA, Polylactide, Poly(lactic) acid, pea starch, bioplastic, PHB
Q33-J03|Current|(2012-    )|Recyclable packaging; Reuseable packaging||This code includes packaging made from recyclable materials that can be used again after processing (e.g. made of glass, metal, card and paper). Also includes packaging that can be cleaned and reused, e.g. milk bottles. Packaging made from recycled materials is coded under Q33-J02 only. Details of edible packaging are coded under Q33-J04 only.|
Q33-J04|Current|(2012-    )|Edible packaging|||
Q33-J05|Current|(2012-    )|Reduced/minimal packaging||This codes includes packaging made using minimal materials, leading to reduced layers of packaging, lower mass (product to packaging ratio), lower volume, etc.|
Q33-J06|Current|(2012-    )|Energy efficient packaging||Includes packaging with low carbon footprint and/or using renewable energy.|
Q33-J99|Current|(2012-    )|Other environmental aspects of packaging|||
Q33-X|Current|(2012-    )|Other packaging container/closure material|||
Q34|Old|(    -2011)|Packaging elements, types|||
Q34|Current|(2012-    )|Types of goods packaged/bottled/bound/labelled/unpacked||From 2012 Q34 has been redefined to highlight the type of product being packaged/bottled etc. and should be used in conjunction with other Q31-Q33 codes as appropriate. Prior to 2012 Q34 remains searchable for packaging elements/types in general (now covered in general by Q32).|
Q34-A|Current|(2012-    )|Fluent solids; Powders; Dry particulates||This code is used in conjunction with other Q34 codes as appropriate.|
Q34-B|Current|(2012-    )|Liquids; Semi-liquids; Gas||This code is used in conjunction with other Q34 codes as appropriate.|Paste
Q34-C|Current|(2012-    )|Food for human consumption||These codes can be used in conjunction with Q34-A and Q34-B to indicate whether the food product is a liquid or a solid.|
Q34-C01|Current|(2012-    )|Meats; Poultry; Fish|||
Q34-C01A|Current|(2012-    )|Raw meats/poultry/fish||Includes packaging of meat mince, sausages, and marinated raw meats/poultry/fish.|Bacon
Q34-C01B|Current|(2012-    )|Processed meats/poultry/fish||Includes packaging of all smoked, cured and cooked meat products, including salamis, pates and hams. Ready meals made using meat, poultry and/or fish are also coded under Q34-C08A. Packaging of mince, sausages and marinated uncooked meats are coded under Q34-C01A only.|Delicatessen, fish pastes, sardines
Q34-C02|Current|(2012-    )|Vegetables; Fruits; Produce||Includes packaging of fresh and processed vegetables/fruits/etc, including pre-cut salads, diced carrots, peeled potatoes, tinned tomatoes, fruit compotes, etc.|
Q34-C02A|Current|(2012-    )|Vegetables|||Beans, soya, legumes, peanuts, garlic
Q34-C02B|Current|(2012-    )|Fruits||Includes packaging of dried fruits.|Raisins, fruit purees, fruit salads, olives
Q34-C02C|Current|(2012-    )|Nuts and seeds|||Pecan, almond, cashew, sesame
Q34-C02X|Current|(2012-    )|Other vegetables/fruits/produce|||
Q34-C03|Current|(2012-    )|Cereals||Includes packaging of grains, rice, flour, breakfast cereals, etc.|
Q34-C04|Current|(2012-    )|Dairy||Includes packaging of fresh and processed dairy products, such as milkshakes, powdered eggs, etc.|
Q34-C04A|Current|(2012-    )|Milk; Yoghurt||Includes packaging of cream, ice cream, butter, milkshakes, etc. Also includes packaging of lactose-free milk.|Powdered milk, UHT milk, buttermilk, baby milk
Q34-C04B|Current|(2012-    )|Eggs|||Dried eggs
Q34-C04C|Current|(2012-    )|Cheese|||
Q34-C04X|Current|(2012-    )|Other dairy products|||
Q34-C05|Current|(2012-    )|Bakery; Confectionery; Pasta||Includes packaging of breads, cakes, biscuits, pasta, crisps and sweets.|Cookies, spaghetti, macaroni, rice, candies, chewing gum
Q34-C06|Current|(2012-    )|Condiments; Sauces; Sugars; Oils|||Salts
Q34-C06A|Current|(2012-    )|Herbs; Spices||Includes packaging of fresh, frozen and dried herbs. Herb pastes, such as basil or coriander pastes, are coded under both Q34-C06A and Q34-C06B. Packaging of mustard is coded under Q34-C06B only.|
Q34-C06B|Current|(2012-    )|Sauces; Soups; Pastes||Includes packaging of pasta sauces, curry pastes, sauce pouches, mayonnaise, tomato sauce, etc. Herb pastes, such as basil or coriander pastes, are coded under both Q34-C06A and Q34-C06B.|Tomato puree, dry sauce mix, mustard, marinade
Q34-C06C|Old|(2012-2012)|Oils||Includes packaging of cooking oils, such as olive oil, sunflower oil.|
Q34-C06C|Current|(2013-    )|Oils; vinegars||Includes packaging of cooking oils, such as olive oil, sunflower oil. Also includes packaging of salad dressing.|Vinaigrette
Q34-C06D|Current|(2012-    )|Sugar and sweeteners||Includes packaging of sugar cubes, loose sugar, syrups, but also sugar substitutes/artificial sweeteners.|Caramel
Q34-C07|Current|(2012-    )|Drinks and beverages||This code does not include milk packaging, which is coded under Q34-C04A only.|
Q34-C07A|Current|(2012-    )|Water and soft drinks||Includes packaging of still/sparkling water, fruit juices, squashes and concentrates.|Cordial
Q34-C07B|Current|(2012-    )|Tea and coffee||Includes packaging of ground and instant coffee, coffee beans, coffee machine pods, one-cup coffee filters, syrups (chicory), loose tea, tea bags and chocolate drinks. Also includes packaging of filter papers used in coffee makers.|
Q34-C07C|Current|(2012-    )|Alcoholic drinks|||Beer, wine, whiskey
Q34-C08|Current|(2012-    )|Specialty foods and meals|||
Q34-C08A|Current|(2012-    )|Whole or partially prepared meals||Includes meal kits, and marinated uncooked meats.|Sushi, pizza, burger, ready-made sandwiches
Q34-C08B|Current|(2012-    )|Baby foods||Includes packaging of powdered milk, long-life milk, food pouches, etc. Packaging of milk products is also coded under Q34-C04A.|
Q34-C08C|Current|(2012-    )|Food supplements and vitamins||Includes packaging of slimming milkshakes.|
Q34-C08D|Current|(2012-    )|Parental and enteral feeding|||
Q34-D|Current|(2012-    )|Food for animal consumption and supplements|||
Q34-D01|Current|(2012-    )|Animal food||Includes packaging of pet food or livestock feed.|Fodder, pet treats
Q34-D02|Current|(2012-    )|Animal supplements/health products||Includes packaging of vitamins, cod liver oil, animal grooming products, etc. Also includes packaging of animal health products, such flea products, ointments, etc. These are also coded under Q34-J01 for pharmaceuticals.|
Q34-E|Current|(2012-    )|Textiles; Clothing; Garments; Shoes|||
Q34-F|Current|(2012-    )|Paper; Sheets; Magazines; Newspapers||Includes packaging details of toilet paper. Also coded under Q34-J03.|
Q34-G|Current|(2012-    )|Building/construction materials||Includes packaging for tiles, bricks, windows, glass panels/sheets, etc. Also includes packaging for waste materials from building sites, such as rubble. Packaging for asbestos is also coded under Q34-H99.|
Q34-H|Current|(2012-    )|Hazardous and waste materials||Includes corrosive materials|
Q34-H01|Current|(2012-    )|Chemicals; Fertilizers|||Insecticide, pesticide
Q34-H02|Current|(2012-    )|Fuels; Oils||Includes oil, such as machine or engine oil. Cooking oils are coded under Q34-C06C only.|Petroleum
Q34-H03|Current|(2012-    )|Hospital waste/Bio-hazards|||
Q34-H04|Current|(2012-    )|Nuclear materials/Radioactive waste|||Rods
Q34-H05|Current|(2016-    )|Household waste and garbage||Includes biodegradable and recyclable waste.|
Q34-H99|Current|(2012-    )|Other hazardous materials|||Asbestos, explosive materials, ammunitions, refrigerant, paint, poison, dead organisms/creatures
Q34-J|Current|(2012-    )|Pharmaceuticals; Medical; Cosmetics; Cleaning products|||
Q34-J01|Current|(2012-    )|Pharmaceuticals||Includes packaging of pharmaceuticals for internal and external usage. Includes packaging of food supplements, such as vitamins. Packaging of meal replacements and diet products, such as slimming milkshakes or soups, are coded under Q34-C08C only.|Medicine, tablets, ointment, inhaler, flea products
Q34-J02|Current|(2012-    )|Medical||Includes packaging of medical instruments such as needles, dressings, etc. Special carriers for e.g. human organs with integrated cooling systems are also coded under Q32-D01. Packaging of tablets and medicines are coded under Q34-J01 only.|LifePort (RTM), sterile bandages, blood
Q34-J03|Current|(2012-    )|Cosmetics; Toiletries||Packaging details of toilet paper is also coded under Q34-F.|Soap, shampoo, toothpaste, make-up, razor blades
Q34-J04|Current|(2012-    )|Cleaning products||Does not include packaging of toiletries; these are coded under Q34-J03 only.|Cleaning wipes, cleaning foam, washing up liquid, clothes conditioner
Q34-K|Current|(2012-    )|Vehicle parts; Tyres; Machine parts; Tools|||
Q34-K01|Current|(2012-    )|Vehicle parts; Tyres||Includes packaging details of parts for cars, airplanes, boats, trains, bikes, etc.|
Q34-K02|Current|(2012-    )|Machine parts; Tools||Includes packaging of gardening equipment, and welding electrodes. Also includes packaging of screws, nails, drill bits, etc.|
Q34-L|Current|(2012-    )|Tobacco products||Includes packaging of cigarettes, cigars, pipes etc. Includes packaging of filters and cigarette papers. Packaging of electronic cigarettes are coded under Q34-M02 only.|Cigarillos, blunt, corona, kretek, tobacco pouch, cigarette holder
Q34-M|Current|(2012-    )|Electrical/electronic equipment/parts|||
Q34-M01|Current|(2012-    )|White goods and kitchen appliances|||Washing machine, microwave, cooker, blender, coffee maker, toaster, fridge
Q34-M02|Current|(2012-    )|Electronic goods||Includes packaging of musical instruments, toys and sport equipment with electrical content e.g. keyboards, battery-operated toys, and electronic cigarettes. Packaging of musical instruments, toys and sport equipment are also coded under Q34-T.|LCD, television, game consoles
Q34-M99|Current|(2012-    )|Other electrical/electronic equipment/parts||Includes packaging of electrical beauty products (electric razors, massagers, etc), batteries, lightbulbs and tubes.|
Q34-N|Current|(2012-    )|Household/domestic||Includes packaging of non-electrical items, such as crockery, furniture, cleaning accessories (e.g. cleaning mops, cloths, washing gloves, etc). Packaging of kitchen appliances, white goods (washing machines, microwaves, etc) and electrical beauty products is coded under Q34-M codes only. Packaging of household waste/garbage is coded under Q34-H05 only.|Watch, jewellery
Q34-T|Current|(2012-    )|Musical instruments; Toys; Sport||Packaging of musical instruments, toys and sport equipment with electrical content, e.g. keyboards, battery-operated toys, game consoles, are also coded under Q34-M02.|
Q34-X|Current|(2012-    )|Other specific goods||Includes packaging for stationery, plants, flower bulbs and seeds.|Pencils, pen erasers, staplers
Q35|Old|(    -2011)|Refuse collection, conveyors|||
Q35|Current|(2012-    )|Refuse Collection; Conveyors||From 2012 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of refuse collection and conveyors.|
Q35-A|Current|(2012-    )|Refuse Collection|||
Q35-A01|Current|(2012-    )|Refuse receptacles||Includes cleaning/sterilizing equipment integrated with the refuse receptacle. Details of cleaning/sterilizing equipment including electrical details are coded under X25-H09.|Bin bag, dustbin, wheelie bin, dumpster
Q35-A02|Current|(2012-    )|Vehicles to collect refuse||Details of e.g. vehicle gears, motors, etc, are also coded under Q19. Includes details of front loaders, rear loaders and compactors. Includes cleaning/sterilizing equipment integrated with the vehicle. Details of cleaning/sterilizing equipment including electrical details are coded under X25-H09.|Garbage truck, trash/dump truck, grapple truck, bin wagon, dustcart, dustbin lorry, garbage scow
Q35-A99|Current|(2012-    )|Other refuse collection details|||
Q35-B|Current|(2012-    )|Conveyors||Includes details of belts, gears, chutes, safety equipment, etc. Also includes lubricating and cleaning/sterilizing equipment. Details of cleaning/sterilizing equipment including electrical details are coded under X25-H09. Electrical details of conveyors, including control details, are coded under X25-F01 codes only. Details of elevators, escalators, lifts or moving walkways are coded under Q38-A only.|Roller conveyor
Q36|Old|(    -2011)|Handling thin materials|||
Q36|Current|(2012-    )|Handling Thin Materials||From 2012 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of thin material handling.|
Q36-A|Current|(2012-    )|Handling of piles|||Carpets, curduroy, velvet
Q36-B|Current|(2012-    )|Handling of webs|||Continuous sheets of metal, paper
Q36-C|Current|(2012-    )|Handling of thin materials|||Fabric
Q36-D|Current|(2012-    )|Handling of filamentary materials|||Cable, string, wool
Q36-E|Current|(2012-    )|General handling||Includes details of delivering or advancing articles from a machine, collating articles, storing materials on e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, etc, adjusting tension in material, driving gear, recirculation system, securing material to cores, etc. This code can be used in conjunction with other Q36 codes to specify the type of thin materials handled.|
Q37|Retired|(1980-1983)|Container traffic (pre-1984 only)*||*This class is now discontinued. From 1984 see other Q codes as necessary.|
Q38|Old|(    -2011)|Hoisting, lifting, hauling|||
Q38|Current|(1980-    )|Hoisting; Lifting; Hauling; Trucks||From 2012 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of hoisting, lifting, hauling and trucks.|
Q38-A|Current|(2012-    )|Elevators, escalators, lifts, moving walkways||Details of conveyors are coded under Q35-B only. Electrical details of elevators, escalators, lifts and moving walkways, including control details, are coded under X25-F04 codes only.|Goods lift
Q38-B|Current|(2012-    )|Cranes, capstans, winches, tackles, trucks||Includes mechanical details of cranes, capstans, hoists, winches, tackles, trucks and factory/robotic vehicles. See X25-F05 codes for electrical details of cranes, winches, trucks etc. For mechanical details of forklift trucks see Q19-C06.|Hoist, block and tackle
Q39|Retired|(1980-2011)|Liquid handling, saddlery, upholstery||*This class is now discontinued. Liquid handling has been transferred to Q31, saddlery has been transferred to P36 and upholstery has been transferred to P26. Q39 remains searchable for records prior to 2012.|
Q4|Current|(1980-    )|Buildings, Construction|||
Q41|Old|(1980-2014)|Road, rail, bridge construction|||
Q41|Current|(2015-    )|Road, rail, bridge construction||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of road, rail, and bridge construction.|
Q41-A|Current|(2015-    )|Bridges|||
Q41-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Types of bridges|||
Q41-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Suspension or cable-stayed bridge|||
Q41-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Arch-type bridge|||
Q41-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Truss-type bridge|||
Q41-A01D|Current|(2015-    )|Movable, portable or floating bridges|||
Q41-A01F|Current|(2015-    )|Bascule|||Swing or drawbridges
Q41-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific types of bridges|||
Q41-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of bridges|||
Q41-A05A|Current|(2015-    )|Structural components|||
Q41-A05B|Current|(2015-    )|Foundations|||
Q41-A05G|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional materials|||
Q41-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Safety equipment/components|||Crash barriers
Q41-A20|Current|(2015-    )|Applications of bridges||Details of the structure carried by the bridge.|
Q41-A20A|Current|(2015-    )|Road bridges|||
Q41-A20B|Current|(2015-    )|Rail bridges|||
Q41-A20C|Current|(2015-    )|Pedestrian bridges|||
Q41-A20D|Current|(2015-    )|Waterway bridges||Bridges carrying rivers or canals.|
Q41-A20H|Current|(2015-    )|Aqueducts, pipelines bridges|||
Q41-A20X|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of bridges and platforms||Includes helicopter landing stages and bridges carrying airport runways.|
Q41-B|Current|(2015-    )|Roads|||
Q41-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Structural components||Includes pre-fabricated units.|
Q41-B10|New|(2017-    )|Safety equipment||Includes barricade, crash barrier, reflectors.|
Q41-B50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel road materials||Includes novel materials for road surfaces and road foundations.|Asphalt, concrete, composite, bituminous, gravel, stone, brick, aggregate
Q41-E|Current|(2015-    )|Railways|||
Q41-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Types of railways|||
Q41-E01A|Current|(2015-    )|Passenger|||
Q41-E01B|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial/Freight|||
Q41-E01C|Current|(2015-    )|Monorail|||
Q41-E01D|Current|(2015-    )|Funicular|||Cable-operated
Q41-E01E|Current|(2015-    )|Underground/metro|||
Q41-E01F|Current|(2015-    )|Magnetic levitation|||Maglev
Q41-E01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of railways|||
Q41-E02|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of railways||Includes constructional details of rails, sleepers, foundations and track ballasts.|
Q41-E10|Current|(2015-    )|Safety equipment/components|||Crash barriers, buffers
Q41-F|New|(2017-    )|Sound damping||Includes sound damping or masking in roads, bridges and railways.|Noise barrier, vibration damping
Q41-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, Maintenance and Repair|||
Q41-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture|||
Q42|Old|(1980-2014)|Hydraulic engineering, sewerage|||
Q42|Current|(1980-    )|Hydraulic engineering, soil shifting and sewerage||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of hydraulic engineering, soil shifting and sewerage systems. (See also X25-D).|
Q42-A|Current|(2015-    )|Hydraulic engineering and soil shifting|||
Q42-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Canals||For locks see Q42-A04.|
Q42-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Coastal defenses and control of watercourses|||
Q42-A02A|Current|(2015-    )|Barrages, Weirs|||
Q42-A02B|Current|(2015-    )|Dams|||
Q42-A02B2|Current|(2015-    )|Water collection||Includes pipelines and aqueducts used to collect and divert water into reservoir.|
Q42-A02C|Current|(2015-    )|Quays, docks|||
Q42-A02D|Current|(2015-    )|Embankments, levees and sea-walls|||
Q42-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Water-power|||
Q42-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Locks, ship-lifts||Includes locks and ship-lifts used in canals and docks. See also Q24 codes.|
Q42-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Irrigation and drainage|||
Q42-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Dredging, soil shifting, excavations and foundations||Includes bulkheads, piles and caissons. For Mining see Q49 codes.|
Q42-B|Current|(2015-    )|Underground or underwater structures||Includes tunnels|
Q42-D|Current|(2015-    )|Water supply||Water supplies for human and animal consumption. For irrigation see Q42-A05.|
Q42-D01|Current|(2015-    )|Pipelines and aqueducts|||
Q42-D03|Current|(2015-    )|Tanks|||
Q42-E|Current|(2015-    )|Sewerage|||
Q42-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Pipelines, drains and sewers|||
Q42-E02|Current|(2015-    )|Sewerage processing plants||Includes sewage processing/treatment. See X25-H03 and Chemistry codes such as D04 codes as required.|
Q42-F|Current|(2015-    )|Sanitary equipment||See X27-L for electrical details of toilets.|WC
Q42-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture||Includes manufacture of sewage treatment and sanitary equipment.|
Q43|Old|(1980-2014)|General building constructions|||
Q43|Current|(2015-    )|General building constructions||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of general building constructions.|
Q43-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of building structures||General building structures, for details e.g. walls, see relevant codes sections.|
Q43-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Walls|||
Q43-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Roofs|||
Q43-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Ceilings||Includes fixed and removable, e.g. false, ceilings.|
Q43-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Floors|||
Q43-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Doors|||
Q43-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Windows|||
Q43-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Service and access structures||Structures associated with stairways, elevators, ducts, pipes.|
Q43-A99|Current|(2016-    )|General building insulation|||Pipe insulation
Q43-D|Current|(2015-    )|Light fittings||Includes reflective natural light ducts/tubes. See also Q71 codes and X26 codes (for electrical details only).|
Q43-E|New|(2017-    )|Sound-proofing||Includes sound-proofing in walls, floors etc.|
Q43-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of building structures|||
Q44|Old|(1980-2014)|Structural elements|||
Q44|Current|(2015-    )|Structural elements||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of structural elements.|
Q44-A|Current|(2015-    )|Structural components||Structural components of buildings.|Bricks
Q44-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Load-supporting components||Includes joists, girders, trusses, lintels or transoms. For load-bearing walls see Q43-A01.|
Q44-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Girders|||
Q44-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Pillars|||
Q44-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Trusses|||
Q44-A01D|Current|(2015-    )|Mullions|||
Q44-A01G|Current|(2015-    )|Reinforcement components|||
Q44-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other supporting structures||Includes underfloor supports, roof supports.|
Q44-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Sheets, panels|||
Q44-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of structural elements|||
Q45|Old|(1980-2014)|Roofing, stairs, floors|||
Q45|Current|(2015-    )|Roofing, stairs, floors||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of roofing, stairs and floors.|
Q45-A|Current|(2015-    )|Coverings||Includes covering materials and components for roofs, walls, ceilings and floors e.g. slates, tiles, mosaic, carpets, laminated flooring, wallpaper.|
Q45-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Roof covering|||
Q45-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Slates, tiles, ceramics|||
Q45-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Sheets||Includes roofing felt, polyethylene.|
Q45-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Sealants||Includes using bitumen on flat roofs.|
Q45-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Living roof; Thatched roof||Roofs which are partially or completely covered with living vegetation e.g. grass, sedum, planted in a growing medium on top of a waterproof membrane.|
Q45-B|Current|(2015-    )|Drainage|||
Q45-D|Current|(2015-    )|Tools and equipment|||
Q45-E|Current|(2015-    )|Stairways, ramps|||
Q45-E02|Current|(2015-    )|Balustrades and handrails|||Banister
Q45-F|Current|(2015-    )|Flooring|||
Q45-F02|Current|(2015-    )|False flooring||For use in offices to allow routing of e.g. computer-related cabling.|
Q45-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture|||
Q46|Old|(1980-2014)|Building aids, special structures, ladders|||
Q46|Current|(2015-    )|Building aids, special structures, ladders||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of building aids, special structures and ladders.|
Q46-A|Current|(2015-    )|Building aids|||
Q46-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Scaffolds|||
Q46-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Falsework, forming, shutterings||Includes supports.|Ramps
Q46-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Access||Includes ladders.|
Q46-A03A|Current|(2015-    )|Ladders|||
Q46-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Safety and protective arrangements||Includes structures and equipment used to protect persons working on buildings and to protect the buildings from damage by e.g. weather, dust etc.|
Q46-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Material handling and building repair||Preparation of concrete, brick-laying equipment. Repair of existing buildings.|
Q46-B|Current|(2015-    )|Special Structures|||
Q46-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Homes|||
Q46-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Offices|||
Q46-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Shelters, kiosks||Buildings and structures which provide protection against e.g. earthquakes, war, climatic conditions. Includes bus stops and railway platform roofs.|
Q46-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Garages, vehicle storage|||
Q46-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Public buildings, institutions|||
Q46-B05B|Current|(2015-    )|Medical institutions||This code covers hospitals, infirmaries and other buildings used for medical applications e.g. doctor's or dental surgeries.|
Q46-B05C|Current|(2015-    )|Educational, reference||This code covers schools, universities, libraries and museums.|
Q46-B05D|Current|(2015-    )|Leisure and entertainment facilities||Includes sporting arenas, theatres, swimming pools, fitness centers.|
Q46-B05F|Current|(2015-    )|Shops and Hotels|||
Q46-B07|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial|||
Q46-B07A|Current|(2015-    )|Power generation|||
Q46-B07C|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacturing|||Factories
Q46-B10|Current|(2015-    )|Towers, chimneys|||
Q46-B11|Current|(2015-    )|Monuments, statues|||
Q46-B12|Current|(2015-    )|Enclosures, fences||For gates and other openings in fences and barriers, see Q48-N.|
Q46-B15|Current|(2015-    )|Tents, marquees|||
Q46-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of building aids, special structures and ladders|||
Q47|Old|(1980-2014)|Locks, window and door fittings|||
Q47|Current|(2015-    )|Locks, window and door fittings||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of locks, window and door fittings.|
Q47-A|Current|(2015-    )|Locks|||
Q47-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Pin and Tumbler|||
Q47-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Cylinder|||
Q47-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Permutation||Includes 'combination' padlocks.|
Q47-B|Current|(2015-    )|Door and window fittings|||
Q47-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Hinges, brakes|||
Q47-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Handles|||
Q47-B10|Current|(2015-    )|Fasteners||See Q61 for general fasteners.|
Q47-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of locks, windows and door fittings|||
Q47-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q47-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic|||
Q47-U02|Current|(2015-    )|Commercial|||
Q47-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||For automobile door locks see also Q14-H01.|
Q47-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial|||
Q47-U55|Current|(2015-    )|Safe deposit and security||Includes safes and other secure storage facilities for use in e.g. Banks.|
Q48|Old|(1980-2014)|Blinds, shutters, ladders, doors|||
Q48|Current|(2015-    )|Blinds, shutters, doors and windows||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of blinds, shutters, doors and windows.|
Q48-A|Retired|(2015-2015)|Blinds and shutters*||*This code is now retired. It remains searchable and valid for records produced in 2015. From 2016 see Q48-L.|
Q48-B|Current|(2015-    )|Door and window frames|||
Q48-D|Current|(2015-    )|Door leaves, window sashes|||
Q48-J|Current|(2015-    )|Ventilation and sealing|||
Q48-K|Current|(2015-    )|Gates and turnstiles||For allowing access through and over structures such as fences and barriers.|Stile
Q48-L|Current|(2015-    )|Screens, blinds, shutters and other protective devices|||
Q48-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture|||
Q48-P|Current|(2015-    )|Primary function|||
Q48-P05|Current|(2015-    )|Protection against specific conditions||Includes doors or windows designed for protection against specific conditions.|
Q48-P05A|Current|(2015-    )|Security||Protection against theft, vandalism or military action.|
Q48-P05C|Current|(2015-    )|Fire||Protection against fire, heat or explosions.|
Q48-P05E|Current|(2015-    )|Gas||Protection against dangerous gases.|
Q48-P05H|Current|(2015-    )|Radiation||Protection against harmful radiation.|
Q49|Old|(1980-2014)|Mining|||
Q49|Current|(2015-    )|Mining||From 2015 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of mining and quarrying apparatus.|
Q49-A|Current|(2015-    )|Mining and quarrying equipment|||
Q49-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Extraction equipment|||
Q49-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Drilling machines|||
Q49-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Cutting machines|||
Q49-A01H|Current|(2015-    )|Support structures|||
Q49-A10|Current|(2015-    )|Tools||Includes drill bits, drilling rods, pipes, casings and tubing.|
Q49-B|Current|(2015-    )|Mining and quarrying methods|||
Q49-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Extraction methods|||
Q49-B01A|Current|(2015-    )|Percussion drilling|||
Q49-B01B|Current|(2015-    )|Rotary drilling|||
Q49-B01C|Current|(2015-    )|Cutting|||
Q49-B01D|Current|(2015-    )|Blasting|||
Q49-C|Current|(2015-    )|Mining and quarrying structures|||
Q49-C01|Current|(2015-    )|Ventilation||Includes air filtering and dust removal.|
Q49-C03|Current|(2015-    )|Drainage|||
Q49-C05|Current|(2015-    )|Safety and protective arrangements||Includes structures and equipment used to protect persons working in mines and quarries. Includes fire prevention and extinguishing. Details of fire prevention and extinguishing systems are also coded under P35.|
Q49-C08|Current|(2015-    )|Shafts|||
Q49-C09|Current|(2015-    )|Roofs and supports|||
Q49-E|Current|(2015-    )|Mining and quarrying locations|||
Q49-E01|Current|(2015-    )|Surface, open-cast|||
Q49-E03|Current|(2015-    )|Underground|||
Q49-E05|Current|(2015-    )|Underwater|||
Q49-H|Current|(2015-    )|Maintenance equipment; equipment and methods for removing tools from mines, boreholes or wells|||
Q49-V|Current|(2015-    )|Material being mined or quarried|||
Q49-V01|Current|(2015-    )|Metals|||
Q49-V01A|Current|(2015-    )|Iron|||Iron ore
Q49-V01B|Current|(2015-    )|Aluminum|||Bauxite
Q49-V01C|Current|(2015-    )|Copper|||
Q49-V01H|Current|(2015-    )|Tin|||
Q49-V01J|Current|(2015-    )|Gold|||
Q49-V22|Current|(2015-    )|Stone|||Granite, marble
Q49-V28|Current|(2015-    )|Coal|||
Q49-V31|Current|(2015-    )|Precious stones|||Diamond
Q49-V35|Current|(2015-    )|Fluids, slurry||Includes sand slurry.|
Q5|Current|(2006-    )|Engines; pumps; compressors; fluid pressure actuators|||
Q51|Old|(    -2005)|Machines, engines in general|||
Q51|Current|(2006-    )|Internal combustion engines; Reciprocating engines; Rotary engines||From 2006 Q51 covers all mechanical details of positive displacement combustion engines. Prior to the introduction of Q51 manual codes in 2006, the Q51 class covered machines and engines in general including positive displacement engines, steam engines/turbines, engine valves, cooling, lubrication and silencing. Also see Q17-E for vehicle internal combustion engine propulsion arrangements. For electrical aspects of motor vehicle engines see X22-A codes only.|
Q51-A|Current|(2006-    )|Reciprocating positive displacement engines|||
Q51-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Engine type||These codes are normally applied when the engine type has a direct bearing on the novelty.|
Q51-A01A|Current|(2006-    )|With single cylinder|||
Q51-A01B|Current|(2006-    )|With multiple cylinders||This code is only applied when it is especially important to highlight the fact that an engine has multiple cylinders, or when the whole multicylinder engine is being claimed and further Q51 codes might not be applied. It is normally assumed that an engine will have multiple cylinders unless otherwise specified. Includes, in-line 4, V5, straight/V6, V8, W10, V12 etc. engines.|
Q51-A01C|Current|(2006-    )|With multiple pistons in same cylinder|||
Q51-A01D|Current|(2006-    )|With movable cylinders|||
Q51-A01E|Current|(2006-    )|With precombustion chambers|||
Q51-A01G|Current|(2007-    )|With variable compression ratio|||
Q51-A01J|Current|(2007-    )|Two-stroke|||
Q51-A01X|Current|(2014-    )|Other engine types||Includes engines variable cycle engines, e.g. capable of running in two-stroke mode at low speed and 4-stroke mode at higher speeds.|Variable-cycle
Q51-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Component parts|||
Q51-A03A|Current|(2006-    )|Cylinders; Cylinder heads||See Q51-D for valves. Includes precombustion chambers per se (see also Q51-A01E).|
Q51-A03B|Current|(2006-    )|Pistons||Includes pistons with charge flow guides, i.e. scoops in piston head for swirl control.|
Q51-A03C|Current|(2006-    )|Seals; Gaskets; Piston rings||Includes oil control rings.|
Q51-A03D|Current|(2006-    )|Casings; Crankcases; Cam/rocker covers||Includes oil sump pans (see also Q51-F codes). See Q51-F03 for crankcase/cam cover breathing arrangements.|
Q51-A03E|Current|(2006-    )|Piston to output shaft connections; Connecting rods||Includes con rods connecting pistons to drive shaft. For connections from drive shaft to other transmission shafts or wheels, see Q62 codes. Includes crankshafts per se.|
Q51-A03X|Current|(2007-    )|Other reciprocating engine components|||
Q51-B|Current|(2006-    )|Rotary or oscillating piston engines|||
Q51-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Rotary engines||Includes four-stroke, Otto cycle Wankel engines.|
Q51-B01A|Current|(2006-    )|With single rotor|||
Q51-B01B|Current|(2006-    )|With multiple rotors|||
Q51-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Component parts|||
Q51-B03C|Current|(2006-    )|Rotor seals|||
Q51-B03E|Current|(2006-    )|Connections between piston and casing||Includes drive arrangements for cooperating members, e.g. for rotary piston and casing.|
Q51-B05|Current|(2006-    )|Oscillating/swing piston engines||See Q53-C for fluid driven oscillating piston engines.|Oscillating, swing, opposed piston
Q51-B05A|Current|(2014-    )|Free piston engines||Includes free-piston or "crankless" IC engines. See also Q51-A01J for two-cycle operation.|Dual piston, free piston, oscillating-piston
Q51-C|Current|(2006-    )|Gas-driven positive displacement engines||See Q53-A instead for positive displacement engines driven by liquid.|
Q51-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Open cycle hot gas positive displacement engines; Steam engines||Includes reciprocating steam engines. See Q52 instead for non-positive displacement steam turbines. This code can be used in conjunction with other Q51 codes as appropriate, e.g. Q51-A03B for steam engine pistons.|Steam engine
Q51-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Closed cycle hot gas positive displacement engines|||Stirling engine
Q51-C05|Current|(2007-    )|Air/gas driven positive displacement engines||Includes IC engines driven by compressed air supply and not involving combustion.|
Q51-D|Current|(2006-    )|Engine/fuel type||See X22-A20 for electrical aspects of vehicle engine/fuel types.|
Q51-D01|Current|(2006-    )|Petrol/gasoline||This code is not routinely assigned, since engines are assumed to be petrol unless otherwise stated.|
Q51-D03|Current|(2006-    )|Diesel|||
Q51-D05|Current|(2006-    )|Mixed fuels||Includes engines running on dual fuels such as petrol/alcohol or diesel/LPG.|
Q51-D07|Current|(2006-    )|Single unconventional fuel||Includes engines running on e.g. alcohol or bio-fuels.|
Q51-D07A|Current|(2006-    )|Gaseous fuel||Using LPG, natural gas, hydrogen.|
Q51-D07C|Current|(2006-    )|Bio-fuel; Alcohol||Includes engines running on free fatty acid methyl ester (bio-diesel) or alcohol such as methanol or ethanol.|
Q51-E|Current|(2006-    )|Valve gear; Valve drive arrangements||Includes 4-valve drives for IC engines. For electrical aspects of vehicle engine intake/exhaust valve gear see X22-A11 and X22-A03G codes instead.|
Q51-E01|Current|(2006-    )|Lift valves; Poppet valves||Includes valve guides.|
Q51-E02|Current|(2006-    )|Slide valves|||
Q51-E03|Current|(2006-    )|Rotary or oscillating valve gear|||
Q51-E04|Current|(2006-    )|Steam engine valve gear|||
Q51-E05|Current|(2006-    )|Valve drive arrangements; Valve adjustment/control; Cam control||Includes hydraulic valve clearance adjusters for motor vehicle engines.|
Q51-E05A|Current|(2006-    )|Camshafts; Cams; Eccentrics|||
Q51-E05B|Current|(2006-    )|Tappets; Pushrods; Rocking arms etc.|||Hydraulic lash adjusters
Q51-F|Current|(2006-    )|Lubrication||See X22-A10 for electrical aspects of vehicle engine lubrication, such as electric oil pumps. For oil pressure monitoring for motor vehicle engines, see X22-E01C.|
Q51-F01|Current|(2006-    )|Pressure lubrication||Includes oil pumps and sump pans.|
Q51-F01A|Current|(2014-    )|Dry sump systems||Includes dry sump lubrication systems and associated oil tanks and pipework.|Dry-sump
Q51-F02|Current|(2006-    )|Mixed with fuel and/or air|||
Q51-F03|Current|(2006-    )|Breathing/ventilating||Includes crankcase breathing and cam cover breathing. Includes feeding of crankcase or cam cover air and any entrained oil back into induction system or to oil catch tank/filter.|
Q51-F05|Current|(2007-    )|Oil filters|||
Q51-G|Current|(2006-    )|Cooling||See Q51-H05A for turbocharger intercooling.|
Q51-G01|Current|(2006-    )|Air cooling||Includes forced air feeding, i.e. fans.|
Q51-G02|Current|(2006-    )|Liquid cooling|||
Q51-H|Current|(2006-    )|Charge feed i.e. fuel or air supply||For electrical fuel/air supply aspects of motor vehicle engines see X22-A02 and X22-A03 codes instead.|
Q51-H01|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel feed||For electrical vehicle fuel pumps and fuel control see X22-A02D and X22-A03A codes respectively. See Q17-E04 for vehicle engine fuel supply.|
Q51-H01A|Current|(2006-    )|Carburettion (carburettors)||See X22-A02C for electrical aspects of IC engine carburettors.|
Q51-H01B|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel injection||Includes fuel systems using compressed air or mechanical control. Can also be applied to highlight novel mechanical aspects of EM fuel injection valves (also see X22-A02A codes for electrical fuel injection apparatus). See X22-A03A1 codes only for electric fuel injection control.|
Q51-H01B1|Current|(2006-    )|Common rail arrangement||For electrical aspects of common rail injection systems see X22-A02A3.|
Q51-H01C|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel pump||E.g.using compressed air or mechanically controlled fuel injection pump. See X22-A02D for electric fuel pumps and X22-A03A3 for electric fuel pump control. Includes gear pumps and rotary vane type pumps.|
Q51-H01D|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel pressure regulator||Includes pressure relief valves.|
Q51-H01F|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel filter||See X22-A02B for electrical aspects of fuel filters.|
Q51-H01G|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel treatment||Includes e.g. fuel additive arrangements or water injection.|
Q51-H01X|Current|(2006-    )|Other fuel systems||Includes fuel lines, hoses and pipework. Includes fuel heating arrangements. See X22-A02B for electrical fuel heaters. Also includes fuel cooling (see also Q51-G).|
Q51-H02|Current|(2010-    )|Fuel vapour recovery|Q51-H01X|Includes mechanical details of fuel vapour recovery systems. See X22-A02E instead for electrical details of fuel vapour recovery systems.|
Q51-H05|Current|(2006-    )|Air intake systems||See X22-A03B for electrical aspects of air intake systems/throttles.|
Q51-H05A|Current|(2006-    )|Supercharging; Turbocharging||Respectively see X22-A14 and X22-A03C for electrical aspects of motor vehicle super/turbo chargers and their control. Includes intercoolers.|
Q51-H05C|Current|(2006-    )|Throttle valve||Intake air control valves.|
Q51-H05E|Current|(2006-    )|Intake flow swirl/turbulisation control||Includes mechanical arrangements for promoting mixing of air and fuel, e.g. using scoops in piston head (see also Q51-A03B).|
Q51-H05F|Current|(2007-    )|Air filters||Includes disposable paper air intake filters and reusable foam filters.|
Q51-I|Current|(2006-    )|Ignition systems||Includes ignition systems using e.g. application of direct heat, incandescence, friction, pyrophoric or catalytic ignition. See X22-A01 codes for electrical ignition systems.|
Q51-J|Current|(2006-    )|Exhaust systems; Pollution control||See X22-A07and X22-A03J for electrical aspects of vehicle exhaust/emissions control systems. Also includes exhaust braking, e.g. for diesel engined truck (see also Q18-A30).|
Q51-J01|Current|(2006-    )|Silencing systems||Includes use of resonance, sound absorbing materials or baffles. For electrical aspects of engine noise reduction see X22-A12 (including active noise supression - possibly see W04-V07 also).|
Q51-J02|Current|(2006-    )|Exhaust gas cleaning systems||See X22-A07 or X22-A03J for electrical aspects of motor vehicle engine exhaust gas cleaning and pollution control. See X22-A05 and S03-E codes for vehicle exhaust gas sensors per se.|
Q51-J02A|Current|(2006-    )|Filters||Includes e.g. diesel particulate filters (see also Q51-D03).|
Q51-J02B|Current|(2006-    )|Catalytic cleaning; Catalytic converters||Includes catalyst materials and catalytic converters, construction. For electrical aspects see X22-A07 only.|
Q51-J02C|Current|(2006-    )|Inertial or centrifugal separators|||
Q51-J02D|Current|(2006-    )|Secondary air/fluid supply||For electrical aspects of secondary air control used in in motor vehicle exhausts, see X22-A03L.|
Q51-J02E|Current|(2008-    )|Exhaust gas recirculation||Includes mechanical aspects of exhaust gas recirculation arrangements. See X22-A07 for electrical aspects of EGR or X22-A03A2C for EGR control.|EGR
Q51-J02F|Current|(2010-    )|Exhaust heat recovery||Includes recovery of heat of vehicle exhaust e.g. for passenger compartment heating. For electrical details of exhaust recovery systems see X22-A17.|
Q51-J07|Current|(2007-    )|Exhaust braking||Includes exhaust brakes and exhaust brake control, e.g. used for slowing diesel engine truck (see also Q19-C02 for trucks and Q51-D03 for diesel engines) when travelling down long hill, to avoid overheating mechanical friction brakes. Also see Q18-A30 for exhaust braking prior to 2007. See X22-A03B5 and/or X22-A09 instead for electrical aspects of vehicle exhaust/engine braking.|
Q51-K|Current|(2006-    )|Starting systems||For motor vehicle IC engine electrical starting see X22-A08, or X22-A04 for electric starter motors per se. Also see relevant X11 and X13 codes for motor hardware and control respectively.|
Q51-K01|Current|(2006-    )|Using muscle power||E.g. using hand cranks, pull cords and motorcycle kickstarts (see also Q19-B).|
Q51-K02|Current|(2006-    )|Using mechanical power storage||E.g. using springs or inertia.|
Q51-K03|Current|(2006-    )|Using auxiliary engines|||
Q51-K09|Current|(2006-    )|Other starting arrangements||Includes e.g. using explosive cartridges.|
Q51-L|Current|(2007-    )|Engine heating/warming apparatus/method||Includes use of exhaust gas heat to warm engine/coolant. See X22-A15 for electrical details of engine warming.|
Q51-M|Current|(2007-    )|Engine manufacture/assembly/disassembly||Includes manufacturing and assembly aspects of engine and engine components, not specifically for transportation applications such as motor vehicle, boat, aircraft - see relevant Q17 (with Q16-D), Q24 and Q25 codes respectively.|
Q51-N|Current|(2010-    )|Noise, vibration and harshness reduction|Q51-X|See also Q17-N and Q17-E codes for mechanical details of motor vehicle engine noise reduction. See X22-A12 for electrical details of vehicle engine noise and vibration reduction.|
Q51-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other engine details||Includes IC engine details not already covered, such as engine mountings (also see Q17-E01 for vehicle engine mountings).|
Q52|Old|(    -2005)|Combustion engines, gas turbines|||
Q52|Current|(2006-    )|Reaction engines: External combustion; Gas turbines; Rockets||From 2006 Q52 covers all mechanical details of non-positive displacement combustion engines such as turbine and rocket engines. Prior to the introduction of Q52 manual codes in 2006, the Q52 class covered both positive displacement and non-positive displacement engines/turbines and their control. For power generation gas turbines see X11-C01, for aircraft gas turbines engines see W06-B01 codes and for electrical aspects of gas turbines used in land vehicle propulsion see X22-P03.|
Q52-A|Current|(2006-    )|Gas/steam turbine engines||See Q25-C02B for aircraft gas turbine engines per se.|
Q52-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Turbine engine type|||
Q52-A01A|Current|(2007-    )|Turbojet engines|||
Q52-A01C|Current|(2006-    )|Turbofan engines|||
Q52-A01E|Current|(2007-    )|Turboprop engines|||
Q52-A01S|Current|(2007-    )|Steam turbines||Includes non-positive displacement steam turbines. See X11 codes for power generation steam turbines, and see Q51-C01 instead for reciprocating piston steam engines.|
Q52-A01X|Current|(2007-    )|Other turbine engines||Includes engines that are capable of running on variable cycles.|Variable-cycle
Q52-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Component parts|||
Q52-A02A|Current|(2006-    )|Rotor and stator||Includes manufacturing methods. Includes rotor and stator blades.|
Q52-A02B|Current|(2006-    )|Combustion chamber||Includes charge flow guidance and cooling.|
Q52-A02C|Current|(2006-    )|Nozzles, Nacelles||Also see Q25-A04 for aircraft engine nacelles per se.|
Q52-A02D|Current|(2006-    )|Afterburner|||
Q52-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Intake/exhaust configuration, intake heating/cooling||Includes air intake ducts and lips etc.|
Q52-B|Current|(2006-    )|Non-turbine reaction engines|||
Q52-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Pulse jet||Includes pulse jet engine where gaseous fuel/air mixture is combusted in pulses to generate propulsive effort which is a reaction to the rearward flow of hot gases.|Pulsejet, deflagration
Q52-B01A|Current|(2007-    )|Pulse detonation engines||Includes pulse wave detonation engines that detonate fuel rather than deflagrate it.|PDE, PWDE, detonation, deflagration-to-detonation transition, DDT, high speed, high altitude, supersonic, hypersonic
Q52-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Ram jet|||
Q52-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Rocket engines||Includes solid fuel engine constructions. Also see Q25-S04 for spacecraft propulsion systems per se.|
Q52-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Composite pulse, ram, rocket engine combinations||Includes composite pulse, ram, rocket engines. Also includes hybrid pulse detonation engines capable of operating in air-breathing and rocket modes.|
Q52-C|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel supply systems||Also see P25-C02B for aircraft jet engines and their fuel supply per se.|
Q52-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel heating|||
Q52-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel supply control||See W06-B01A5 for aircraft engine electrical fuel supply.|
Q52-C03|Current|(2006-    )|Fuel injection|||
Q52-C09|Current|(2007-    )|Other fuel supply aspects|||
Q52-D|Current|(2006-    )|Starting systems||Includes fluid or mechanical drives e.g. using cartridges or starter turbines.|
Q52-E|Current|(2006-    )|Ignition systems|||
Q52-F|Current|(2006-    )|Lubrication|||
Q52-G|Current|(2007-    )|Engine cooling||Includes overall cooling of gas turbine/external combustion engines. For gas turbine intake charge air cooling see Q52-A03 instead.|
Q52-M|Current|(2007-    )|Engine manufacture/assembly/disassembly||Includes manufacturing/assembly/disassembly aspects of gas turbine engines. For manufacture of aircraft or ship gas turbine engines also see Q25-C02B and Q24-E02B respectively (and possibly Q25-X05 or Q24-X05 for aircraft and marine vessel manufacture per se).|
Q52-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other engine details||Includes cooling arrangements.|
Q53|Old|(    -2005)|Jet engines, fuel supply|||
Q53|Current|(2006-    )|Positive displacement fluid engines (i.e. driven by fluid)||From 2006 Q53 covers all mechanical details of positive displacement fluid engines (i.e. driven by fluid). Prior to the introduction of Q53 manual codes in 2006, the Q53 class covered jet engines and fuel supply systems.|
Q53-A|Current|(2006-    )|Reciprocating piston fluid engines|||
Q53-B|Current|(2006-    )|Rotary piston fluid engines|||
Q53-C|Current|(2006-    )|Oscillating piston engines|||
Q53-G|Current|(2006-    )|Component parts||Includes valve gear, pistons, cylinders seals.|
Q53-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other positive displacement fluid engines/machines|||
Q54|Old|(    -2005)|Starting, ignition|||
Q54|Current|(2006-    )|Non-positive displacement fluid engines; Miscellaneous motors/machines producing mechanical power||From 2006 Q54 covers all mechanical details of non-positive displacement fluid engines (i.e. driven by fluid). Prior to the introduction of Q54 manual codes in 2006, the Q54 class covered starting and ignition systems. See Q51-K, Q51-I and Q52-D, Q52-E for starting and ignition systems for positive and non-positive displacement engines respectively.|
Q54-A|Old|(2006-2006)|Impulse type engines||Includes turbines with jets of high velocity liquid impinging on bladed or similar rotors e.g. Pelton wheels, waterwheels.|
Q54-A|Current|(2007-    )|Water turbines||Prior to 2007, this code was used for impulse engines having transportation interest. From 2007 this code has been expanded to cover all water turbines.|
Q54-A01|Current|(2007-    )|Impulse turbines||Includes turbines that use nozzles to change water's potential energy into kinetic energy, with resulting high velocity water jet made to impinge upon curved turbine blades which reverse the flow, with the resulting change of momentum or "impulse" causing a drive force on the blades. Mainly used in very high head applications.|Pelton, Turgo, Michell-Banki, crossflow, Ossberger turbine
Q54-A05|Current|(2007-    )|Reaction turbines||Includes turbines that are encased or fully submerged and are acted upon by water which changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Mainly used in low and medium head applications.|Francis, Kaplan, propeller, bulb, tube, Straflo, Tyson, Water wheel
Q54-B|Retired|(2006-2006)|Reaction type engines*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to Q54-A05 from 200701. Includes e.g. Francis turbines, propeller turbines and Kaplan turbines. See Q51-C02 for closed cycle turbine engines driven by gaseous medium.|
Q54-C|Current|(2006-    )|Friction type engines||Using non-bladed rotors, e.g. serrated.|
Q54-D|Current|(2006-    )|Endless chain type engines/machines|||
Q54-E|Current|(2006-    )|Spring motors|||
Q54-F|Current|(2006-    )|Gravity and inertia motors|||
Q54-G|Current|(2006-    )|Producing mechanical energy from wind, i.e. wind motors|||
Q54-H|Current|(2006-    )|Producing mechanical energy from geothermal or solar energy|||
Q54-I|Current|(2006-    )|Producing mechanical energy from muscle power||Includes treadmills or horse mills.|
Q54-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other non-positive displacement fluid engines/machines; other mechanical energy systems||Includes perpetua mobilia using hydrostatic thrust, or using liquid flow, e.g. swinging flap type. Also includes ocean thermal energy conversion, using pressure or thermal differences, etc. Also see X15 codes for non-fossil fuel electricity generation.|
Q55|Old|(    -2005)|Machines, engines for liquids|||
Q55|Current|(2006-    )|Positive displacement fluid machines/pumps/compressors (i.e. for driving fluid)||From 2006 Q55 covers all mechanical details of positive displacement fluid machines/pumps/compressors (i.e. for driving fluid). Prior to the introduction of Q55 manual codes in 2006, the Q55 class covered machines and engines for liquids.|
Q55-A|Current|(2006-    )|Reciprocating piston fluid pumps|||
Q55-B|Current|(2006-    )|Rotary piston fluid pumps|||
Q55-C|Current|(2006-    )|Oscillating piston fluid pumps|||
Q55-D|Current|(2006-    )|Diaphragm operated fluid pumps|||
Q55-E|Current|(2007-    )|Scroll compressors||Includes positive displacement scroll compressors using fixed and orbiting spiral scrolls.|
Q55-G|Current|(2006-    )|Component parts||Includes valves, seals, rotors, casings.|
Q55-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other positive displacement fluid machines|||
Q56|Old|(    -2005)|Pumps|||
Q56|Current|(2006-    )|Non-positive displacement fluid machines/pumps/compressors (i.e. for driving fluid)||From 2006 Q56 covers all mechanical details of non-positive displacement fluid machines/pumps/compressors (i.e. for driving fluid). Prior to the introduction of Q56 manual codes in 2006, the Q56 class covered pumps.|
Q56-A|Current|(2006-    )|Radial flow pumps||Includes centrifugal pumps and helic-centrifugal pumps or compressors.|
Q56-B|Current|(2006-    )|Axial flow pumps||Includes e.g. screw type pumps.|
Q56-C|Current|(2006-    )|Pumps pumping fluid by direct contact of another fluid or using inertia of fluids to be pumped|||
Q56-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Jet pumps||Includes pumps in which fluid flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow.|
Q56-C02|Current|(2006-    )|Diffusion pumps|||
Q56-D|Current|(2006-    )|Siphons|||
Q56-G|Current|(2006-    )|Pump component parts||Includes shafts, bearings, rotors, casings, cooling strainers, cavitation reducers used in pumps or compressors.|
Q56-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other non-positive displacement machines/pumps/compressors||Includes e.g. hydraulic rams.|
Q57|Old|(    -2005)|Fluid-pressure actuators|||
Q57|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid pressure actuators; Hydraulic/pneumatics in general||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of fluid pressure actuators and hydraulics/pneumatics in general.|
Q57-A|Current|(2006-    )|Telemotors; with movement proportional to pump output|||
Q57-B|Current|(2006-    )|Servomotors; with position of output conforming to input|||
Q57-C|Current|(2006-    )|Combined servo and telemotors|||
Q57-D|Current|(2006-    )|Pyrotechnic actuators||For motor vehicle safety systems such as vehicle airbags, see Q14-C02 only.|
Q57-E|Current|(2006-    )|Component parts||Includes valve gear, guide vanes etc. used in fluid pressure actuators or hydraulics in general.|
Q57-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other fluid pressure actuators and fluid dynamic control aspects||Includes general devices for influencing the flow of fluids and also manufacture and testing of devices covered in Q57.|
Q6|Current|(2006-    )|Engineering elements|||
Q61|Current||Fastening elements; Connections||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of fastening elements and connections, e.g. used to secure machine parts together. Includes both male (bolt) and female (nut) fastenings.|
Q61-A|Current|(2006-    )|Threaded fasteners|||
Q61-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Nuts||For lock nuts see also Q61-A07A.|
Q61-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Bolts||For torque limiting break bolts see also Q61-A07C,|
Q61-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Screws|||
Q61-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Fastener action|||
Q61-A07A|Current|(2006-    )|Locking fasteners||Includes nylon insert locknuts (see also Q61-A01).|
Q61-A07C|Current|(2006-    )|Torque limiting||Includes e.g. break bolts (see also Q61-A03).|
Q61-A07E|Current|(2006-    )|Self tapping||Includes self tapping screws (see also Q61-A05).|
Q61-B|Current|(2006-    )|Friction grip fasteners||Includes clamps, clips and shrinkage connections.|
Q61-C|Current|(2006-    )|Key type connections||Includes bayonet connections.|
Q61-D|Current|(2006-    )|Rivet connections||Includes peel type rivets and rivnuts (also see Q61-A01).|
Q61-E|Current|(2006-    )|Nails, staples, dowels||Includes dowel and plug type connections that are inserted or screwed into hole, with e.g. expanding bodies or tabs engaging hole or gripping reverse side of wall.|
Q61-F|Current|(2006-    )|Anti-tamper connections||Includes snap off fastener head that snaps off when predetermined tightening torque is reached to leave behind shaped anti-tamper head.|
Q61-G|Current|(2006-    )|Deformable connections||Includes e.g. split pins.|
Q61-H|Current|(2006-    )|Washers; Lock washers, Spring washers|||
Q61-J|Current|(2016-    )|Stuck or welded connections||Includes use of glue or welds to press or connect parts together. Also includes welding of nuts/bolts to part (also see Q61-A codes).|Cold pressure welding, adhesive
Q61-R|Current|(2007-    )|Fastener installation tools||Includes tools used to install or remove fastening elements used in transportation applications such as mechanical compressed air driven rivet guns used in aircraft manufacture (see also Q25-X05). This code can be used in conjunction with other Q61 codes to specify the type of fastening being installed/removed.|
Q61-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other fastening elements||Includes hooks and eyes, suction cups etc.|
Q62|Current||Shafts and bearings||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of shafts and bearings.|
Q62-A|Current|(2006-    )|Flexible shafts|||
Q62-A01|Current|(2006-    )|For conveying rotary movement|||
Q62-A02|Current|(2006-    )|For conveying sliding movement|||
Q62-B|Current|(2006-    )|Rigid shafts|||
Q62-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Crankshafts||See Q19-A and Q13-A15 for cycle cranks.|
Q62-B01A|Current|(2016-    )|Adjustable cranks|Q62-B03|Prior to 2016 this topic was covered by Q62-B03.|
Q62-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Eccentric shafts (including camshafts)||See Q51-E05A for motor vehicle internal combustion engine camshafts.|
Q62-B03|Retired|(2006-2015)|Adjustable cranks*|Q62-B01A|*This code is now retired but remains valid and searchable for 2006-2015. From 2016 see Q62-B01A.|
Q62-C|Current|(2006-    )|Rigid connections, fixed joints|||
Q62-D|Current|(2006-    )|Pivots, pivotal connections||Includes ball joints, trunnions, crank pins.|
Q62-G|Current|(2006-    )|Bearings||Q62-G codes Include bearing elements and their races and also hydrodynamic bearings. From 2016 Q62-G08 is introduced for constructional details of bearings and also housings, caps, covers and mounting arrangements, and is assigned with other Q62-G codes to denote bearing type. Prior to 2016 these aspects were covered by other Q62-G codes or Q62-X as appropriate.|
Q62-G01|Current|(2006-    )|Sliding contact bearings|||
Q62-G02|Current|(2006-    )|Rolling contact bearings|||
Q62-G02A|Current|(2006-    )|Ball bearings||Includes bearings e.g. used to support a shaft or pulley. They can handle both axial and radial loads, though are usually used when the loading is fairly small.|
Q62-G02A1|Current|(2006-    )|Ball thrust bearings||Includes ball bearings subjected to axial thrust loading, such as those used in bar stools or Lazy Susan (RTM) turntables. These cannot handle much radial load.|
Q62-G02C|Current|(2006-    )|Roller bearings||Includes roller bearings used in conveyors where heavy radially loads need to be supported. Also includes needle roller bearings having small diameter cylinders designed to fit into tight spaces.|
Q62-G02C1|Current|(2006-    )|Tapered roller bearings||Includes motor vehicle wheel bearings subject to axial (cornering force) and radial (vehicle weight) loads. They are usually mounted in pairs facing opposite directions so that they can handle thrust in both directions.|
Q62-G02C3|Current|(2006-    )|Roller thrust bearings||Includes bearings used in gearsets such as those found in car transmissions between gears, and between the housing and the rotating shafts. These are suitable for handling large axial/thrust loads.|
Q62-G02E|Current|(2006-    )|Giant bearings||Includes giant (1.5m diameter) ball bearings used under buildings to provide earthquake protection, or giant roller bearings used to move very heavy objects (also see Q62-G02A and Q62-G02C respectively)|
Q62-G03|Current|(2006-    )|Magnetic bearings||Includes magnetic bearings used in high speed applications such as flywheel energy storage systems, where the flywheel rotating in excess of 50000 rpm can float on a magnetic field created by the bearing.|
Q62-G04|Current|(2006-    )|Elastic bearings|||
Q62-G05|Current|(2006-    )|Combination bearings|||
Q62-G07|Current|(2006-    )|Bearing play adjustment|||
Q62-G08|Current|(2016-    )|Constructional details of bearings||Includes constructional details such as balls, rollers, bushes, linings, ball cages, raceways, housings, caps, covers and mounting arrangements. Prior to 2016 these aspects of bearings were included in Q62-G codes or Q62-X as appropriate.|
Q62-G09|Current|(2006-    )|Cooling and lubricating arrangements|||
Q62-G99|Current|(2016-    )|Other bearing aspects||Includes load-reducing or equalizing arrangements. The use of magnetic force for load-reducing or equalizing is also covered by Q62-G03. Prior to 2016 constructional aspects of bearings were included in Q62-G or Q62-X as appropriate but from 2016 are covered by Q62-G08. |
Q62-H|Current|(2016-    )|Maintenance and servicing of shafts and bearings||Includes cleaning. Prior to 2016 maintenance, servicing and cleaning were covered by Q62-M and Q62-X as appropriate.|
Q62-M|Current|(2006-    )|Manufacturing and testing arrangements for shaft or bearings||For electrical metal grinding operations see X25-A03C2.|
Q62-X|Old|(2006-2015)|Other shaft or bearing aspects not provided for||Includes mountings, housings, caps, covers.|
Q62-X|Current|(2016-    )|Other shaft or bearing aspects not provided for||Includes arrangements to reduce the effects of centrifugal force. Prior to 2016 this code included mountings, housings, caps and covers for bearings which are now covered by Q62-G08.|
Q63|Current||Couplings; Clutches; Brakes; Springs; Dampers||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of couplings, clutches, brakes and springs/dampers.|
Q63-A|Current|(2006-    )|Couplings for transmitting rotary motion|||
Q63-A01|Current|(2006-    )|For rigidly connecting shafts|||
Q63-A02|Retired|(2006-2015)|Controlled movement couplings e.g. elastic couplings*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2016 all couplings allowing relative movement between the coupled members are coded in Q63-A03.|
Q63-A03|Old|(2006-2015)|Slip; Yielding impulse couplings||Includes couplings that permit relative rotational movement between the connected parts during drive; couplings that slip on overload and couplings that alternately accelerate/decelerate driven member.|
Q63-A03|Current|(2016-    )|Controlled movement couplings; Slip, yielding, impulse couplings||Includes couplings that permit relative rotational movement between the connected parts during drive; couplings that slip on overload and couplings that alternately accelerate/decelerate driven member. Includes universal joints and constant velocity joints.|Elastic coupling, UJ, CV joint
Q63-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid couplings|||
Q63-A05|Current|(2006-    )|Quick acting/release couplings|||
Q63-B|Current|(2006-    )|Clutches||For motor vehicle clutches see Q13-A03, and for electrical aspects of vehicle powertrain hardware see X22-G01.|
Q63-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Interengaging clutches||I.e. clutches with interengaging parts.|
Q63-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Friction clutches||Includes wedge action clutches and wet and dry plate friction clutches.|
Q63-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid actuated clutches; Fluid transmission clutches||Includes hydraulically actuated clutches. See Q13-A03 for motor vehicle clutches.|
Q63-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Manually operated clutches|||
Q63-B05|Current|(2006-    )|Freewheel clutches, freewheels|||
Q63-B06|Current|(2006-    )|Multiple/combination clutches|||
Q63-B09|Current|(2006-    )|Other clutch details|||
Q63-D|Current|(2006-    )|Brakes||For vehicle brakes see Q18-A codes only. For electrical aspects of brakes or brake wear indicators see X22-C02 and X22-E02A respectively.|
Q63-D01|Current|(2006-    )|Drum brakes||See Q18-A01B for motor vehicle brake drums.|
Q63-D01A|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid actuated drum brakes|||
Q63-D01B|Current|(2006-    )|Mechanically actuated|||
Q63-D01E|Current|(2006-    )|Drum brake components||Includes drums, brake shoes.|
Q63-D02|Current|(2006-    )|Disc brakes||See Q18-A01A for motor vehicle brake discs.|
Q63-D02A|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid actuated|||
Q63-D02B|Current|(2006-    )|Mechanically actuated||For electrically actuated motor vehicle parking brake see X22-C02A.|
Q63-D02E|Current|(2006-    )|Disc brake components||Includes discs, brake pads, callipers.|
Q63-D03|Current|(2006-    )|Band brakes|||
Q63-D03A|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid actuated|||
Q63-D03B|Current|(2006-    )|Mechanically actuated|||
Q63-D03E|Current|(2006-    )|Band brake components||Includes wear surfaces and adjusters.|
Q63-D09|Current|(2007-    )|Other brake details|||
Q63-E|Current|(2006-    )|Springs; Shock absorbers; Dampers||See Q12-B codes for motor vehicle suspension spring/damper arrangements. See X22-M instead for electrical aspects of motor vehicle suspensions.|
Q63-E01|Current|(2006-    )|Springs||See Q12-B01 for motor vehicle suspension spring arrangements.|
Q63-E01A|Current|(2006-    )|Coil springs|||
Q63-E01B|Current|(2006-    )|Leaf springs|||
Q63-E01C|Current|(2006-    )|Cup springs|||
Q63-E01D|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid springs|||
Q63-E01E|Current|(2006-    )|Magnetic springs|||
Q63-E01F|Current|(2006-    )|Torsion springs|||
Q63-E01G|Current|(2006-    )|Elastic members e.g. elastomers|||
Q63-E01X|Current|(2006-    )|Other springs|||
Q63-E02|Current|(2006-    )|Shock absorbers; Dampers; Vibration suppression||See Q12-B02 for motor vehicle suspension dampers arrangements. For electrical aspects of vehicle dampers, including ride height control see X22-M codes.|
Q63-E02A|Current|(2006-    )|Using damping fluid|||
Q63-E02B|Current|(2006-    )|Using damping mass/inertia||Includes flywheels, counterweights.|
Q63-E02C|Current|(2006-    )|Using friction|||
Q63-E02D|Current|(2008-    )|Elastic dampers||Includes rubber and elastic material dampers.|
Q63-E02E|Current|(2008-    )|Magnetic dampers||Includes magnetic fluid dampers (see also Q63-E02A).|
Q63-E02G|Current|(2006-    )|Shock absorber/damper components||Includes seals, oil ports, split rings etc.|
Q63-E02X|Current|(2006-    )|Other shock absorbers/dampers||Includes dowel and plug type connections that are inserted or screwed into hole, with e.g. expanding bodies or tabs engaging hole or gripping reverse side of wall.|
Q63-E05|Current|(2006-    )|Spring/damper combinations||Includes coil over dampers. Also see Q19-F03 for racing car independent coil over dampers.|
Q64|Current||Belts, Chains, Gearing||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of belts, chains and gearing.|
Q64-A|Current|(2006-    )|Driving belts||Includes IC engine timing belt (see also Q51-E05), and belt tensioning arrangements.|Cambelt, cam belt
Q64-A01|Current|(2006-    )|V-belts|||
Q64-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Ropes or cables|||
Q64-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Belt fastening arrangements||Includes turnbuckles, clamps and belt tensioning arrangements (see Q51-E for IC engine timing belt tensioning arrangements).|
Q64-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Pulleys|||
Q64-B|Current|(2006-    )|Chains|||
Q64-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Driving chains|||
Q64-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Hauling chain|||
Q64-B03|Current|(2006-    )|Chain fastening arrangements||Includes links, shackles, hooks.|
Q64-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Sprockets|||
Q64-C|Current|(2006-    )|Gearing|||
Q64-C01|Current|(2006-    )|Mechanical gearing||Includes toothed gearing, helical gearing, ball or roller gearing.|
Q64-C01A|Current|(2006-    )|Cams, cam followers|||
Q64-C01B|Current|(2006-    )|Toothed members, worms|||
Q64-C01C|Current|(2006-    )|Friction members||Includes friction discs and pulleys.|
Q64-C01L|Current|(2006-    )|Lubrication/cooling arrangements|||
Q64-C03|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid gearing|||
Q64-C05|Current|(2006-    )|Gearing control||Includes gear levers per se. For electrical aspects of motor vehicle transmission control see X22-G03 codes.|
Q64-D|Current|(2006-    )|Transmission linkages||Includes cam transmissions, wobble plate transmissions.|
Q65|Current||Pistons; Cylinders; Packing||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of pistons, cylinders and packing.|
Q65-A|Current|(2006-    )|Pistons; Plungers||See Q51-A03B only for pistons used in internal combustion engines.|
Q65-B|Current|(2006-    )|Cylinders||Includes running faces and cylinder liners.|
Q65-C|Retired|(2006-2006)|Pressure vessels*||*This code is now discontinued. From 200701 pressure vessels used for transportation purposes have been coded in Q69-B01 instead.|
Q65-D|Current|(2006-    )|Seals Packing||Includes piston rings.|
Q65-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other piston, cylinder and seal details|||
Q66|Current||Valves; Taps; Cocks; Vents||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of valves, taps, cocks and vents.|
Q66-A|Current|(2006-    )|Lift valves||Includes cut-off apparatus with closure members having component of their opening/closing motion perpendicular to closing faces.|
Q66-B|Current|(2006-    )|Gate or sliding valves||Includes cut-off apparatus with closure members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing.|
Q66-C|Current|(2006-    )|Diaphragm valves||Includes cut off apparatus with closure member deformed but not moved bodily.|
Q66-D|Current|(2006-    )|Rotary valves|||
Q66-E|Current|(2006-    )|Multiway valves; Mixing valves and fittings incorporating them|||
Q66-F|Current|(2006-    )|Valve construction|||
Q66-F01|Current|(2006-    )|Valve members; Valve seats; Seals|||
Q66-F02|Current|(2006-    )|Valve housings; Casings|||
Q66-J|Current|(2006-    )|Valve actuation arrangements||Includes use of floats. See X25-L01A and V02-E02A1 for electromagnetically actuated solenoid valves.|
Q66-P|Current|(2006-    )|Functional valve types|||
Q66-P01|Current|(2006-    )|Check valves|||
Q66-P02|Current|(2006-    )|Safety valves; Equalising valves|||
Q66-P03|Current|(2006-    )|Vent valves||Includes venting or aerating arrangements.|
Q66-P04|Current|(2006-    )|Fluid delivery valves|||Needle valve
Q66-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other valve/vent /tap details|||
Q67|Current||Pipes; Joints; Fittings||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of pipes, joints and fittings.|
Q67-A|Current|(2006-    )|Pipes; Hoses|||
Q67-A01|Current|(2006-    )|Rigid pipes||Includes copper pipes.|
Q67-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Flexible pipes||Includes rubber hoses.|
Q67-A03|Current|(2006-    )|Pipelaying and repair||Includes pipe cleaning (See X25-H09 and X25-Y02 for electrical aspects).|Blockage removal
Q67-B|Current|(2006-    )|Pipe connections; Joints and Seals|||
Q67-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Pipe connectors/joints||Includes quick acting connectors, i.e. quick release/fastening, compression joints etc.|Hose nipple, end fitting, branching
Q67-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Seals||Includes rubber seals and gaskets.|
Q67-C|Current|(2006-    )|Pipe accessories||Includes e.g. pipe supports and holders such as hose clips.|Clamps, cleats, clips
Q67-D|Current|(2016-    )|Pipe protection||Includes protection against corrosion, incrustration, wear, fire, etc. Also includes heating or cooling details for preventing damage (e.g. freezing) of pipes.|Protective tubing, thermal insulation
Q67-X|Current|(2006-    )|Other pipeline details|||
Q68|Current||Other engineering elements||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of engineering elements such as frames, casings, beds, supports and lubrication and general safety devices.|
Q68-A|Current|(2006-    )|Frames; Casings; Beds, Supports|||
Q68-A01|Old|(2006-2006)|Portable frames||Includes wheeled frames.|
Q68-A01|Current|(2007-    )|Frames; Casings||From 2007 the scope of this code has been expanded to include all frames or casings e.g. for reciprocating or rotary engines, e.g. to facilitate engine assembly (see also Q51-M). From 2007 portable frames are specifically coded in Q68-A01A.|
Q68-A01A|Current|(2007-    )|Portable frames||Includes wheeled frames. For trolley jacks etc. also see Q16-A03.|
Q68-A02|Current|(2006-    )|Beds||Includes mounting of engines on foundations, e.g. for test purposes.|
Q68-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Stands; Trestles; Supports||Includes movable stands and trestles for supporting various articles/equipment in various locations or orientations.|
Q68-L|Current|(2007-    )|General lubrication systems||Includes generally applicable lubrication systems. For specific lubrication systems such as IC engine lubrication, vehicle transmission lubrication or vehicle suspension lubrication systems instead see Q51-F, Q13-A20 and Q12-B15 codes respectively. Also includes cleaning details of lubrication systems.|
Q68-S|Current|(2007-    )|General safety devices||Includes generally applicable safety devices such as safety guards or screens or other systems e.g. requiring the use of both hands.|
Q69|Current||Storing/distributing gas/liquid||From 2006 manual codes have been assigned for all mechanical details of gas and liquid storage and distributing arrangements.|
Q69-A|Current|(2006-    )|Variable capacity gas holders|||
Q69-B|Current|(2006-    )|Fixed capacity gas holders||For motor vehicle hydrogen/natural gas etc. fuel tanks see Q17-E04 only.|
Q69-B01|Current|(2006-    )|Pressure vessels||Includes pressurised vehicle fuel tanks, e.g. containing LPG. See also Q69-B for fixed capacity fuel tanks.|
Q69-B02|Current|(2006-    )|Vessels not under pressure|||
Q69-C|Current|(2006-    )|Vessel filling method or apparatus|||
Q69-D|Current|(2006-    )|Vessel discharging method or apparatus|||
Q69-E|Current|(2006-    )|Pipeline systems|||
Q69-M|Current|(2016-    )|Gas/liquid holder/tank manufacture||Includes methods and equipment for manufacturing tanks and holders for gas/liquid.|
Q69-T|Current|(2016-    )|Gas/liquid tank constructional details and accessories||Includes tanks details, reinforcing elements, stands etc.|
Q69-X|Current|(2014-    )|Other gas/liquid handling systems||Includes steam traps.|
Q7|Current|(1980-    )|Lighting, Heating|||
Q71|Old|(1980-2014)|Lighting|||
Q71|Current|(2015-    )|Lighting||All details of electric lighting or illumination obtained by unconventional sources like LED, EL devices are coded under X26.|
Q71-A|Current|(2015-    )|Type of light source|||
Q71-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Electric lighting||All details of electric lighting are coded under X26.|
Q71-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Non-electric lighting|||
Q71-A02A|Current|(2015-    )|Incandescence|||
Q71-A02B|Current|(2015-    )|Luminescence||Includes crystalloluminescence, bioluminescence, chemoluminescence, thermoluminescence, phosphorescence or fluorescence.|
Q71-A02X|Current|(2015-    )|Other type of non-electric light sources|||
Q71-A50|Current|(2015-    )|Combustible/Flammable material used|||
Q71-A50A|Current|(2015-    )|Oil|||
Q71-A50B|Current|(2015-    )|Gas|||
Q71-A50C|Current|(2015-    )|Kerosene|||Paraffin lamp
Q71-A50D|Current|(2015-    )|Wax|||Candle, rushlight
Q71-A50X|Current|(2015-    )|Other combustible|||
Q71-G|Current|(2015-    )|Maintenance and repair of lighting devices|||
Q71-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/Pre-use treatment||Includes pre-treatment of candle wicks.|Mordanting
Q71-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of components from lighting devices||Electrical details of recycling systems are coded under X25-W04.|
Q71-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details|||
Q71-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Shades/globes/bowls/covers|||
Q71-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Refractors/Reflectors||See also V07codes.|Lens
Q71-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Light filters; Light screens; Diffusers; Light guides; Polarizer||See also V07 codes.|
Q71-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Container for combustible material (e.g. oil)|||
Q71-T06|Current|(2015-    )|Ignition of combustible; Arrangement for controlling quantity of combustible used|||Flint, permanent match, spark wheel, adjusting wheel
Q71-T07|Current|(2015-    )|Protection from damage/draughts; Protection for user||Includes shock-absorbers, thermal insulation, flame-retardant solutions. Also includes gas-tight, water-tight arrangements and draughts insulation.|Windproof, lightning protection
Q71-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details||Includes modular construction, candle holders, wicks and stiffeners for candle wicks. Also includes fastenings and suspending/attaching arrangements (see X26-R for electric lighting), and cooling details.|
Q71-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q71-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
Q71-U13|Current|(2015-    )|Medical|||
Q71-U32|Current|(2015-    )|Torches/flares|||
Q71-U33|Current|(2015-    )|Lanterns|||Hurricane lamp
Q71-U34|Current|(2015-    )|Lighters|||
Q71-U35|Current|(2015-    )|Table lamps/floor lamps|||
Q71-U36|Current|(2015-    )|Wearable|||Lightsticks, handlamp
Q71-U37|Current|(2015-    )|Scented/therapeutic/insect repellent|||
Q71-U45|Current|(2015-    )|General area/location of use|||
Q71-U45A|Current|(2015-    )|Outdoors||General outdoor use.|Gardens, waterways, camping, roads
Q71-U45C|Current|(2015-    )|Indoors||General indoor use.|
Q71-U45E|Current|(2015-    )|Underwater use|||
Q71-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||Christmas decorations
Q72|Old|(1980-2014)|Steam generation|||
Q72|Current|(2015-    )|Steam generation||Electric steam boilers are coded under X25-W02.|
Q72-A|Current|(2015-    )|Steam generation - Heating method|||
Q72-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Using heat content from hot heat carriers||This code includes the use of hot slag, hot residues, molten metal, hot liquid or hot vapor, etc. as heat transfer medium.|Iron blocks
Q72-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Using combustion||Details of combustion processes are covered by Q73 codes.|
Q72-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Pre-heating details (pre-heaters)||Includes water and air preheating systems, and combination of exhaust-steam and smoke-gas preheaters. Also includes details of thermal de-aeration of feed-water and accumulators arranged within combustion chambers, combined with steam accumulators or directly connected to boilers.|Smoke-gas preheaters, exhaust-steam preheaters, feed-water heaters, accumulator
Q72-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Superheating of steam||Covers the use of hot flue gases from the furnace, radiations or heat generated by chemical reactions, etc, to superheat the steam.|
Q72-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Control and safety systems||Includes arrangements for regulating steam temperature and superheat temperature by regulating flue gas flow, by indirectly cooling or heating the superheated steam in auxiliary heat-exchangers, by using injected water sprays, etc. Also includes control details of water feed|Water-level, regulator, vent
Q72-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Using a different heating method|||
Q72-B|Current|(2015-    )|Types of boilers|||
Q72-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Fire-tube boilers|||
Q72-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Water-tube boilers|||Flash boiler
Q72-B03|New|(2017-    )|Biomass boilers||See Q73 for combustion systems and Q74 for heating systems.|
Q72-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Fluidized bed combustion boilers||Includes atmospheric fluidized bed combustion boilers, pressurized fluidized bed combustion boilers and atmospheric circulating fluidized bed combustion boilers.|FBC, AFBC, CFBC
Q72-B05|Current|(2015-    )|Stoker fired boilers||Includes boilers using spreader stokers and chair-grate or traveling-grate stokers.|
Q72-B06|Current|(2015-    )|Pulverized fuel boilers|||Pulverized coal
Q72-B07|Current|(2015-    )|Waste heat boilers|||Heat recovery steam generator
Q72-B08|Current|(2015-    )|Superheated steam boilers|||
Q72-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of boilers|||
Q72-G|Current|(2015-    )|Maintenance and repair of steam generating apparatus|||Self-cleaning, de-sludging
Q72-M|New|(2017-    )|Manufacturing details of boilers|||
Q72-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of steam generating systems|||
Q72-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Drums; Headers|||
Q72-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Fireboxes|||
Q72-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Flues or fire tubes; Water tubes||Includes details of linings, inserts, fittings for preventing burning-off of tube edges, attachments and supports.|Tube bundle
Q72-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Boiler support, frame and casing|||Stay-bolt connections
Q72-T07|Current|(2015-    )|Arrangements for facilitating fluid circulation (air, water, etc)||Includes details of valves, pumps, compressors, nozzles, injectors and arrangements for inducing draughts.|Ventilating shafts, baffles, saddles or propellers
Q72-T09|Current|(2015-    )|Heat exchangers||See also Q78 codes for details of heat exchangers.|
Q72-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Insulation details|||Heat shield
Q72-T11|Current|(2015-    )|Chimneys|||Exhaust
Q72-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of steam generating systems||Includes steam traps, economizer, etc.|
Q72-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q72-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic|||Facial steamer
Q72-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
Q72-U16|Current|(2015-    )|Power engineering; Power plants; Electrical power generation|||
Q72-U41|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning|||
Q72-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
Q73|Old|(1980-2014)|Combustion equipment/processes|||
Q73|Current|(2015-    )|Combustion apparatus and processes||Details of internal combustion engines are coded under Q51 only. Electrical details of combustion are coded under X25-X13 (industrial combustion) and X27-G (domestic combustion).|
Q73-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of combustion apparatus and processes|||
Q73-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Combustion systems using catalytic material||Includes details of catalytic material.|
Q73-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Burners||This code can be used in conjunction with Q73-A15 codes to highlight the type of fuel used.|Wick burner, radiant gas burner, cutting torch, vortex burner
Q73-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Start-up details/techniques||Pre-treatment of fuel is coded under Q73-T05A.|
Q73-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Fluidized bed combustion||Includes stationary beds, circulating fluidized beds, vibratory fluidized beds, transport/flash reactors and annular fluidized beds. Details of fluidized beds are also covered under J04-E07A and J04-X03A.|FBC, bubbling bed, CFB, FR, AFB
Q73-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Cremation furnaces||Details of furnaces are coded under Q77.|Incinerator
Q73-A15|Current|(2015-    )|Fuel used|||
Q73-A15A|Current|(2015-    )|Solid fuel combustion||Includes details of pulverulent fuels.|Coal, charcoal, wood, powder
Q73-A15B|Current|(2015-    )|Liquid fuel combustion||Includes wick burners and blue-flame burners.|Oil, diesel, petrol, kerosene, biodiesel
Q73-A15C|Current|(2015-    )|Gaseous fuel combustion||Includes burners that uses gas stored under pressure as a liquid. Includes pre-mix and non-pre-mix gas burners, radiant gas burners, inverter burners and welding/cutting torches.|Natural gas, propane, landfill gas
Q73-A15D|Current|(2015-    )|Biomass fuel||This code is to be used in conjunction with other Q73-A15 codes for solid biomass (together with Q73-A15A), biodiesel (together with Q73-15B), biogas (together with Q73-A15C) or on its own if the type is not specified.|Landfill gas, biofuel
Q73-A15X|Current|(2015-    )|Other fuels|||
Q73-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of combustion apparatus and processes||Includes systems for returning solid combustion residues or flue gasses to combustion chambers, and cremation furnaces using combustion (details of furnaces are coded under Q77 codes). Also includes explosive combustion chambers.|
Q73-B|Current|(2015-    )|Combustion control/regulation||Electrical details of combustion control are coded under X25-X13 (industrial combustion) and X27-G02 (domestic combustion).|
Q73-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Control by regulating fuel supply|||
Q73-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Control by regulating air supply or draught||Includes the use of bellows, diaphragms, etc. Details of air inlet arrangements are coded under Q73-T02 codes.|Air flo, cyclone, vortex
Q73-B09|Current|(2015-    )|Other arrangements for regulating or controlling combustion|||
Q73-G|Current|(2015-    )|Maintenance and repair of combustion apparatus||Includes method and apparatus for cleaning all surfaces contaminated by combustion products or combustion residues. This includes removing ash, clinker or slag from combustion chambers, and removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers.|Nozzle cleaning, grate cleaning, purging
Q73-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of components from combustion apparatus||Electrical details of recycling systems are coded under X25-W04.|
Q73-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of combustion systems|||
Q73-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Burner construction||Details of air supply in burners are also coded under Q73-T02. Includes layout of burners to obtain a specific type of flames, e.g. pencil or sheet flames, loop flames, impacting flames or rotating flames.|
Q73-T01A|Current|(2015-    )|Mounting/supports of burners|||
Q73-T01C|Current|(2015-    )|Nozzles for burners||Cleaning of nozzles is also covered under Q73-G.|
Q73-T01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other details of burners||Includes evaporator, burner head, wick, flame spreader, etc.|
Q73-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Details of air/gas supply/airflow||Includes details for supplying air or other non-combustible liquids or gases (e.g. oxygen or steam) to the combustion apparatus. Also includes firebridges and arrangements for inducing draughts, such as ventilating shafts.|Mixing tube, air inlet, fan, blower, baffle, deflector, valve, damper
Q73-T02A|Current|(2015-    )|Chimneys/flues||Includes details of linings, jackets, casings, joints, inlet holes and doors.|Connection, mouths, cover, gas outlet
Q73-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Combustion chamber||Includes details of casings, doors, linings and walls. Also include supervision window for observation. Also includes details of multiple combustion chambers, such as details of separate secondary combustion chambers, where the combustion chambers are arranged in series or parallel to one another.|Crown, roof
Q73-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Grates||Cleaning of grates is also covered under Q73-G. Includes constructional details of grates with hollow or solid bars, double grates, inclined grates, revolving/rocking grates and travelling grates.|Basket grates, telescoping grates, dumping-grates, end fittings, bearer, frame, spacer, support, fire-bars
Q73-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Fuel system||Nozzles for burners are coded under Q73-T01C only.|
Q73-T05A|Current|(2015-    )|Pre-treatment of fuel||Includes pre-treatment details before feeding fuel to combustion apparatus. Includes mixing solid fuel with a liquid, mixing two or more liquid fuels, or pre-heating fuel.|Slurry, emulsion
Q73-T05B|Current|(2015-    )|Fuel feed system||Includes feeding details by piston, screw, by gravity, or using spreader stokers with or without moving hoppers.|Air blast, pump, free fall
Q73-T05C|Current|(2015-    )|Fuel nozzles||Nozzles for burners are coded under Q73-T01C only.|
Q73-T06|Current|(2015-    )|Filters|||
Q73-T07|Current|(2015-    )|Treatment and removal of combustion products||Includes devices for treating smoke or fumes, e.g. for removing noxious materials from smoke or fumes using purifier or traps.|
Q73-T09|Current|(2015-    )|Cooling arrangements|||
Q73-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Fluidized bed construction||Includes details of air inlets, fuel feeders for fluidized beds. Also includes devices for removing material from bed.|Grids
Q73-T11|Current|(2015-    )|Igniters / lighter construction||Electrical igniters and cigarette lighters are included in X27-G01 only. Extinguishing devices are coded under Q73-T12 only. Includes details of casing, friction wheel, fuel container, wicks, flint, etc. Includes mechanical ignition (using friction or shock effects), lighters containing fuel and ignition by a pilot flame. (F23Q).|
Q73-T12|Current|(2015-    )|Extinguishing devices||Includes devices for blowing-out or snuffing candle flames. Igniters are coded under Q73-T11 codes only.|
Q73-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Safety arrangements||Includes protection from flashback and blowback, and safety systems e.g. in case of failure of gas supply. Cooling arrangements are coded under Q73-T09.|
Q73-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of combustion apparatus||Includes soot blower.|
Q73-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q73-U01|Current|(2016-    )|Domestic||Electric details of domestic combustion are coded under X27-G. Electrical details of gas cookers are coded under X27-C05.|Cooking stove, boiler
Q73-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food industry|||
Q73-U20|Current|(2015-    )|Waste disposal, waste treatment and recycling||Includes cremation of human or animal carcasses.|Incineration
Q73-U26|Current|(2015-    )|Metallurgy|||
Q73-U27|Current|(2015-    )|Boilers||Includes steam boilers.|
Q73-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial||Includes drying (see also Q76 for drying details). Also includes welding or cutting torches.|
Q73-U45|Current|(2015-    )|Underwater use|||
Q73-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
Q74|Old|(1980-2014)|Heating, ranges, ventilating|||
Q74|Current|(2015-    )|Heating, ranges and ventilating||Cooling and refrigerating details are coded under Q75. Electrical details of HVAC systems are coded by X27-E codes.|
Q74-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of heating, ranges and ventilating|||
Q74-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Stoves and ranges||Includes closed stoves, stoves with open fires, free-standing stoves and ranges, integrated stoves and ranges and combined stoves and ranges.|Fireplaces, charcoal brazier, camping stove, back-to-back stoves
Q74-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Space heating and ventilating; Water heating||Electrical details are coded under X27-E01.|HVAC, climate control system
Q74-A02A|Current|(2015-    )|Fluid heating systems||Includes water and/or air heating systems, fluid heating systems using heat pump and storage heating systems.|Combination boiler, combi
Q74-A02B|Current|(2015-    )|Air conditioning systems||Electrical details of air conditioning systems are coded under X27-E01B. Includes air conditioning systems with additional air treatment, such as combined with humidifiers or dehumidifiers. Electrical details of air humidifying systems are coded under X27-E01B2.|
Q74-A02C|Current|(2015-    )|Air humidifying/de-humidifying systems||Electrical details of air humidifying systems are coded under X27-E01B2 only. Includes details of air humidifying systems by evaporation of water using heated or unheated wet elements, by forming water dispersion in air or by injection of steam in air.|
Q74-A02E|Current|(2015-    )|Ventilation systems||Includes natural ventilation systems, i.e. not using any mechanical systems, and ventilation systems using forced flow, e.g. using fans placed on doors/windows.|
Q74-A02F|Current|(2015-    )|Air-cleaning and filtration systems|||Air purifier
Q74-A02G|Current|(2015-    )|Air curtains||Includes air currents used for screening.|
Q74-A02H|Current|(2015-    )|Portable HVAC units||This code is to be used in conjunction with other Q74-A02 code(s).|Mobile, collapsible
Q74-A02J|Current|(2015-    )|Fixed HVAC units||This code is to be used in conjunction with other Q74-A02 code(s). Includes wall-mounted units, ceiling-mounted units, under-floor units and roof-mounted units.|Integrated
Q74-A25|Current|(2015-    )|Fuel used||This code is used in conjunction with other Q74-A codes.|
Q74-A25A|Current|(2015-    )|Solid fuel|||Coal, charcoal, wood, wood pellets, powder
Q74-A25B|Current|(2015-    )|Liquid fuel|||Oil, diesel, petrol, kerosene, biodiesel
Q74-A25C|Current|(2015-    )|Gaseous fuel|||Natural gas, propane, landfill gas
Q74-A25D|Current|(2015-    )|Biomass fuel||This code is to be used in conjunction with other Q74-A25 codes for solid biomass (together with Q74-A25A), biodiesel (together with Q74-A25B), biogas (together with Q74-A25C) or on its own if the type is not specified.|Landfill gas, biofuel
Q74-A25E|Current|(2015-    )|Electrical power||Heating and air-conditioning devices powered by electricity are coded under X27 and X25.|
Q74-A25F|Current|(2015-    )|Solar power||See also X15-A codes.|
Q74-A25X|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of fuel|||Geo-thermal power
Q74-G|Current|(2015-    )|Maintenance and repair of heating, ranges and ventilating systems/parts|||
Q74-H|Current|(2015-    )|Use of heat/steam recovery||See also X15-H codes.|
Q74-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of heating, ranges and ventilating systems/parts||Electric details of recycling systems are coded under X25-W04.|
Q74-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of heating, ranges and ventilating systems||Details of heat exchangers are coded under Q78.|
Q74-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Air ducting/circulation systems||Includes diffusers, louvres, grilles, flaps, guide plates, vertical ducts, air handler, plenum, air outlet and intake vents, fan, blower, etc.|Ductwork, flue, turning vane, stac, flex, AH, plenum space
Q74-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Pipes||Includes refrigerant pipings.|
Q74-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Casings; Covers; Doors; Supports||Includes details of solar guards, snow guards and decorative panels. Also includes screens and fuel guards of stoves and ranges.|Camouflage, wall attachments, mountings, feet
Q74-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Fireboxes; Fire grates; Fire irons; Hearth; Fuel containers||Includes details of frame, hood and heat deflectors. Also includes details of fuel containers, such as hods for coal storage, and tools for handling e.g. coal, such as tongs or shovel.|Fire surround, shaker grate, fire tools, shovel, tongs, poker, brush, hopper, hopper plate, coal box
Q74-T07|Current|(2015-    )|Burners||Includes details of burner cap, burner ring, LPG conversion kit, cast iron pan supports, etc.|Bunsen burner, burner assembly
Q74-T08|Current|(2015-    )|Compressors; Evaporators|||
Q74-T09|Current|(2015-    )|Filters||Noise filters are coded under Q74-T15 only. Includes air filters and water filters.|
Q74-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Radiators||This code can be used in conjunction with Q74-T03 to cover details of door, casing, mountings, etc.|
Q74-T11|Current|(2015-    )|Water tanks||Includes drip trays.|Water cylinder
Q74-T15|Current|(2015-    )|Arrangements for vibration or noise suppression|||Vibration isolator, noise filter, sound attenuator
Q74-T16|Current|(2015-    )|Insulation; Seals||Noise insulation is coded under Q74-T15.|Draught shield
Q74-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control or safety systems||Electrical details are coded under X27-E01B.|Control knob, protective guard, fire resistant
Q74-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details||Includes arrangements for preventing condensation, tiles and tiles attachments.|Shim liner
Q74-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q74-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic||See also Q74-U10 for cooking and baking.|Barbeques, camping stove
Q74-U02|Current|(2015-    )|Commercial||Includes shops, offices, sports halls, theatres, schools and universities.|
Q74-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
Q74-U06|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacturing plants|||
Q74-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food industry|||
Q74-U10|Current|(2015-    )|Cooking and baking||This code can be used in conjunction with Q74-U01 or Q74-U40 for domestic and industrial cooking and baking, respectively.|
Q74-U14|Current|(2015-    )|Laboratories|||
Q74-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial||Covers industrial applications not covered by other application codes.|
Q74-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
Q75|Old|(1980-2014)|Refrigeration, liquefaction|||
Q75|Current|(2015-    )|Refrigeration and Liquefaction||From 2015, X27-F codes only cover refrigeration with substantial electrical content. All mechanical details are now covered under Q75. Details of air conditioning systems are coded under X27-E01B (electrical content) and Q74 (mechanical content).|
Q75-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of refrigeration systems||Electrical details of refrigeration systems are coded under X27-F02A. Refrigerant lubricants are coded under H08-D11 only.|
Q75-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Non-cyclic refrigeration systems||Includes ice boxes.|Cabinet
Q75-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Cyclic refrigeration systems|||
Q75-A02A|Current|(2015-    )|Compression systems||Includes refrigeration systems with multi-stage compression, compression systems using Joule-Thompson effect, using multiple cooling stages, using Stirling cycle or using turbines. Also includes refrigeration systems using multiple evaporator circuits, multiple condenser circuits, with cascade operation, using 3He-4He dilution, etc.|Cryocooler
Q75-A02B|Current|(2015-    )|Sorption systems||Includes continuous and non-continuous sorption systems. Also includes refrigeration systems using endothermic solution of salt, using desorption of hydrogen from a hybrid, etc.|
Q75-A02C|Current|(2015-    )|Heat pumps||Includes compression-type and sorption-type heat pumps. Electrical details of heat pumps are coded under X27-F02B.|Absorption heat pumps
Q75-A02H|Current|(2015-    )|Systems using combination of operation modes||Includes compression-sorption systems. Also includes combined heating and refrigeration systems.|
Q75-A02X|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of cyclic-refrigeration systems||Includes refrigeration systems using evaporation of refrigerant without recovery of vapor, or using waste heat.|
Q75-A20|Current|(2015-    )|Refrigerant used||Details of refrigerant are also coded under J07-A08. Refrigerant lubricants are coded under H08-D11 and J07-A10 only.|
Q75-A20A|Current|(2015-    )|HFC|||
Q75-A20B|Current|(2015-    )|HCFC|||
Q75-A20C|Current|(2015-    )|CFC|||
Q75-A20X|Current|(2015-    )|Other refrigerants|||
Q75-E|Current|(2015-    )|Production, storage and distribution of ice||From 2015, X27-F04 covers ice manufacture only with substantial electrical details. Includes production of ice with or without refrigeration. Also includes production of artificial snow (e.g. for winter sports), and specialized tools used during production of ice.|Harvesting tools, saw, ice shaving, ice presses
Q75-F|Current|(2015-    )|Liquefaction, solidification and separation of gases by pressure and cold treatment|||
Q75-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of refrigeration, liquefaction and solidification systems||Constructional details of motors are coded under V06.|
Q75-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Compressors||Electrical details of compressors are coded under X27-F02C1.|
Q75-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Absorbers; Adsorbers; Boilers||Electrical details of absorbers and adsorbers are still coded under X27-F02C. Also includes analyzers and rectifiers.|
Q75-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Evaporators; Condensers; Heat exchangers; Valves||Includes cold exchangers, accumulators, sub-coolers, desuperheaters and superheaters. Details of heat exchangers are coded under Q78. Electrical details of evaporators and condensers are coded under X27-F02C.|Expansion valves
Q75-T06|Current|(2015-    )|Housings; Walls; Handles; Shelves||Includes cabinets, seals and feet. Also includes special inserts for doors (e.g. for bottles), ice trays and egg trays for domestic fridges and details of interior light. Fridge lights are also covered by X27-F02C2 and Q71.|Door, tray
Q75-T08|Current|(2015-    )|Water and ice dispensers||Details of ice generation are also covered by Q75-G codes. Electrical details of ice generation are coded under X27-F04.|
Q75-T09|Current|(2015-    )|Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids||Includes air intake filters.|Pipe
Q75-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control and Safety systems||Includes guards, protective plates, etc. Electrical details are coded under X27-F03. Details of maintenance and repairs are also coded under Q75-G.|Defrosting, frost prevention
Q75-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of refrigeration systems||Includes arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, arrangements for transporting items to be cooled, etc.|
Q75-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q75-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic||Includes free-standing and integrated appliances, and combined fridge-freezers.|Wine cooler
Q75-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles||Includes cars, trucks, airplanes, boats, etc.|
Q75-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food industry|||Kimchi
Q75-U30|Current|(2015-    )|Sports, toys, entertainment and leisure||Includes ice rinks, ski slopes, etc.|
Q75-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial||Includes cold rooms.|
Q75-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
Q76|Old|(1980-2014)|Drying|||
Q76|Current|(2015-    )|Drying||Electrical details of drying methods and apparatus are coded under X25-G.|
Q76-A|Current|(2015-    )|Pre-treatment (to facilitate drying)|||
Q76-B|Current|(2015-    )|Drying method|||
Q76-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Drying using heat||Includes drying methods using heat convection, heat conduction, radiation (e.g. from the sun) or using heat created within the materials/objects to be dried (e.g. by friction).|Spray-drying, fluidized drying
Q76-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Drying without using heat||Includes drying by evaporation/sublimation of moisture (e.g. in a vacuum), by centrifugal force or by pressure. Includes the use of a freezing step. Also includes drying by suction, or by contact with sorbent bodies.|Clothes press, mangle, wringer
Q76-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Drying using a combination of heat and heat-free processes|||Freeze-drying
Q76-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance and repair of drying machines||Includes testing, lubricating and oiling arrangements.|
Q76-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture of drying machines/Pre-use treatment||Pre-treatment of items to be dried (to facilitate drying) are coded under Q76-A only.|
Q76-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of drying parts/components|||
Q76-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of drying machines|||
Q76-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Drum/Chambers|||
Q76-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Arrangements for conveying materials/objects to dry||Includes fluidized beds, rollers and belts. Includes stirring devices.|Trays, racks
Q76-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Arrangement and control of air/gas supply||Includes details of gas used during the drying process (if different than air). Includes mechanical control details only. Also includes filters.|Humidity, temperature, pressure, flow
Q76-T06|Current|(2015-    )|Heating/refrigerating arrangements||Includes details of combustion heating (see also Q73 codes), and tubes containing heated fluids. Refrigeration details are also covered under Q75.|Freezing coil
Q76-T08|Current|(2015-    )|Ventilation/cooling details of drying machine|||
Q76-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details|||Safety system
Q76-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q76-U01|Current|(2015-    )|Domestic|||Airing cupboard, washing line
Q76-U13|Current|(2015-    )|Pharmaceuticals/Medical|||Medicine, tablets, antibiotics, medical ingredients, additives, blood plasma
Q76-U21|Current|(2015-    )|Characterized by specific type of materials to dry|||
Q76-U21A|Current|(2015-    )|For drying elongated/long materials|||Fabrics, fibers, yarns
Q76-U21B|Current|(2015-    )|For drying loose materials|||Granules, pellets, cubes
Q76-U21E|Current|(2015-    )|For drying food/plants|||
Q76-U21E1|Current|(2015-    )|For drying food|||Instant coffee, milk powder, coffee, tea, eggs, cereal, spices, flavorings
Q76-U21E2|Current|(2015-    )|For drying plants|||Tobacco, flowers
Q76-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Industrial|||Combine harvester, paint pigments, ceramic materials, catalyst supports, microalgae, paper pulp
Q76-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific drying applications|||
Q77|Old|(1980-2014)|Furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts|||
Q77|Current|(2015-    )|Furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts||Furnaces, kilns, ovens and retorts are also coded under J09. Details of combustion processes are also covered under Q73 codes.|
Q77-A|Current|(2015-    )|Type of furnaces/kilns/ovens/etc|||
Q77-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Vertical furnaces||Includes vertical furnaces with multiple shafts/chambers.|
Q77-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Horizontal/slightly inclined furnaces||Includes details of rotary furnaces. Includes externally and internally heated furnaces, tiltable furnaces or furnaces with multiple chambers/drums.|
Q77-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Hearth-type furnaces||Includes details of reverberatory-type furnaces. Includes furnaces with single chamber/hearth, multiple chambers/hearths or with movable working chamber/hearth.|
Q77-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces||Includes furnaces muffle furnaces and retort furnaces with multiple chambers.|
Q77-A07|Current|(2015-    )|Fluidized-bed furnaces|||
Q77-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other type of furnaces, kilns, ovens or retorts||Includes bell-type furnaces, furnaces with stationary charge but moving kiln sections, open/uncovered sintering apparatus, crucible/pot furnaces and tank furnaces.|
Q77-B|Current|(2015-    )|Fuel used|||
Q77-B01|Current|(2015-    )|Coal|||
Q77-B02|Current|(2015-    )|Oil|||
Q77-B03|Current|(2015-    )|Gas|||Natural gas
Q77-B04|Current|(2015-    )|Wood|||
Q77-B99|Current|(2015-    )|Other fuels|||
Q77-D|Current|(2015-    )|Management of waste heat and exhaust gases|||
Q77-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance and repair of furnaces, kilns, oven and retorts|||
Q77-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of furnaces, kilns, ovens and retorts parts||Electric details of recycling systems are coded under X25-W04.|
Q77-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of furnaces, kilns, ovens and retorts|||
Q77-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Drum; casing; lining; wall; roofs; dividers||Includes details of refractory bricks, partitions and doors. Also includes sealing arrangements.|Blanket, muffle
Q77-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Air blowers/tuyeres||Includes details of blower motors (see also X11 codes), filters and blower chambers.|
Q77-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Burners||Includes details of floor-mounted, wall-mounted or roof-mounted burners.|
Q77-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Radiant coils/tubes|||
Q77-T05|Current|(2015-    )|Arrangement for charging/discharging charge|||Feeders, hoppers, screw feeders
Q77-T06|Current|(2015-    )|Heat exchangers||See Q78 codes for more details.|
Q77-T07|Current|(2015-    )|Flue-gas stack||Includes stack dampers. Also includes details to enhance stability in e.g. strong winds.|Damper blade
Q77-T08|Current|(2015-    )|Dust collectors; Soot blowers|||
Q77-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Cooling arrangements|||
Q77-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control and safety arrangements||See also J09-B04.|
Q77-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of furnaces, kilns, ovens and retorts||Includes details for corrosion protection, arrangement for forming or maintaining specific atmosphere within chamber, and tools for stirring molten materials.|Sightglass
Q77-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q77-U14|Current|(2015-    )|Laboratory|||Laboratory furnace
Q77-U20|Current|(2015-    )|Waste disposal, waste treatment and recycling||Includes cremation of human and animal carcasses.|Incineration
Q77-U26|Current|(2015-    )|Metallurgy|||
Q77-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
Q78|Old|(1980-2014)|Heat exchange in general|||
Q78|Current|(2015-    )|Heat exchange||Heat exchangers used in refrigeration systems are also coded under Q75.|
Q78-A|Current|(2015-    )|Types of heat exchangers|||
Q78-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Steam or vapor condensers|||
Q78-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Characterized by the fluid direction|||
Q78-A02A|Current|(2015-    )|Parallel flow|||Co-current
Q78-A02B|Current|(2015-    )|Cross-flow|||
Q78-A02C|Current|(2015-    )|Counter-current|||
Q78-A02D|Current|(2015-    )|Multi-pass arrangements||Includes combination of parallel and counter flows.|
Q78-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Indirect contact heat exchangers||Includes shell and tube heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, compact heat exchangers, adiabatic wheel heat exchangers, dynamic scraped surface heat exchangers, regenerative heat exchangers and phase-change heat exchangers.|Surface condenser, U-tube heat exchanger, double pipe heat exchanger, plate tin heat exchanger, CHEs, plate and shell heat exchanger, intermediate flow
Q78-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Direct-contact heat exchangers||Includes direct-contact trickle coolers, such as cooling towers.|
Q78-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Heat exchangers using a combination of indirect and direct heat exchanging methods|||
Q78-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance and repair of heat exchangers||Includes supports/frames for attaching cleaning appliances, masks delimiting areas to be cleaned, etc. Includes cleaning by distortion, by vibration, by flushing e.g. chemical solvents, by combustion processes.|Abrasive tools, cleaning brushers, scrapers, hammers, cutters, self-cleaning
Q78-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/Pre-use treatment of heat exchangers|||
Q78-R|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling of heat exchanger components||Electric details of recycling systems are coded under X25-W04.|
Q78-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of heat exchangers|||
Q78-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Tubular elements|||
Q78-T03|Current|(2015-    )|Casings; Header boxes; Heat/flow reflectors||Includes plates and other arrangements for increasing/decreasing heat transfer, e.g. for promoting droplets formation, affecting the flow pattern, turbulent flow to reduce skin-effect, etc.|End plate, baffle plate, impeller
Q78-T04|Current|(2015-    )|Sealing arrangements|||
Q78-T20|Current|(2015-    )|Control and safety arrangements|||
Q78-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of heat exchangers||Includes arrangements for preventing the formation of deposits/corrosion, for collecting and removing condensate, and for removing ice/water (to prevent clogging by frost). Also includes arrangement for suppressing noise.|Filters
Q78-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q78-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
Q78-U07|Current|(2015-    )|Food industry||Includes dairy industry.|
Q78-U16|Current|(2015-    )|Power engineering; Power plants; Electrical power generation|||
Q78-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Hydraulic engineering; Water management/treatment; Sewerage|||
Q78-U25|Current|(2015-    )|Chemical engineering; Refinery/chemical plant|||
Q78-U40|Current|(2015-    )|Other industrial applications (not covered by other Q78-U codes)||Includes reboilers.|
Q78-U41|Current|(2015-    )|Heating/Cooling||Includes cooling of electronic devices (see also V04 codes).|
Q78-U41A|Current|(2015-    )|Refrigeration/HVAC||See also Q75 and X27 codes.|
Q78-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
Q79|Old|(1980-2014)|Weapons, ammunition, blasting|||
Q79|Current|(2015-    )|Weapons, ammunition, blasting||See also K03.|
Q79-A|Current|(2015-    )|Type of weapons|||
Q79-A01|Current|(2015-    )|Cold weapons||This code is applied for weapons projecting missiles WITHOUT the use of explosive or combustible propellant charge.|
Q79-A01A|Current|(2015-    )|Blow guns|||Tube
Q79-A01B|Current|(2015-    )|Sling weapons|||Catapults, slingshots
Q79-A01C|Current|(2015-    )|Bow/crossbows||Includes long bows and compound bows.|Darts
Q79-A01D|Current|(2015-    )|Thrusting or cutting weapons||Includes sabers, cutlasses, swords, epees, daggers, stilettos, lances, pikes and harpoons.|
Q79-A01X|Current|(2015-    )|Others cold weapons||Includes batons, truncheons, sticks, shillelaghs, bolas, knuckledusters, spring guns, liquid ejecting guns, such as water pistols, and compressed gas guns, such as air guns or steam guns.|Friction-wheel operated launcher
Q79-A02|Current|(2015-    )|Firearms|||
Q79-A02A|Current|(2015-    )|Pistols||Non-lethal guns such as flare pistols are coded under Q79-A02R only.|Revolvers
Q79-A02B|Current|(2015-    )|Shoulder-fired firearms|||Rifles, carbines, shotguns, gyrojets
Q79-A02C|Current|(2015-    )|Machine guns||Includes automatic and semi-automatic machine guns.|
Q79-A02D|Current|(2015-    )|Artillery guns|||Cannons, carronades, falconets, field guns, Howitzers
Q79-A02F|Current|(2015-    )|Non-lethal guns||Includes rescue equipment guns, riot control guns and alarm pistols. Also includes starting pistols, tranquilizer guns and paintball guns.|Flare guns, Lyle guns, Very pistol, Flash-ball
Q79-A02X|Current|(2015-    )|Other types of firearms|||Harpoon guns
Q79-A03|Current|(2015-    )|Flamethrowers|||
Q79-A04|Current|(2015-    )|Launchers||Mechanical details of missile launchers attached to a vehicle are coded under Q24-M01A. Includes rocket/torpedoes launchers.|
Q79-A05|Current|(2015-    )|Mines, e.g. landmines||Includes anti-personnel mines and anti-vehicle mines. Also includes fragmentation mines, blast mines and naval mines.|Anti-tank mines
Q79-A06|Current|(2015-    )|Missiles and hand grenades||Includes air-to-air missiles, air-to-surface missiles, surface-to-air missiles and surface-to-surface missiles. Also includes stun grenades, chemical and gas grenades, tear gas grenades, etc. Anti-missile systems are coded under Q79-H.|Molotov cocktails, warheads, rockets, torpedoes 
Q79-A09|Current|(2015-    )|Blasting||Includes controlled use of explosives for e.g. rock blasting, etc.|
Q79-A99|Current|(2015-    )|Other type of weapons||Includes fictional guns, such as rayguns.|
Q79-E|Current|(2015-    )|Training/practice weapons and facilities||Includes shooting/firing ranges and archery targets. Can be used with other Q79 codes to specify type of weapon, e.g. archery targets are also coded under Q79-A01C. Also see P36-A05 for archery/shooting target practice.|Bobbing targets, moving targets, clay-pigeon targets, bullet catcher
Q79-F|Current|(2015-    )|Fireworks||See also K04-C codes.|
Q79-F01|Current|(2015-    )|Shell/container, includes wrapping|||
Q79-F02|Current|(2015-    )|Star pellets||Includes arrangement of star pellets within the shell for specific display.|Palm, round shell, willow, chrysanthemum
Q79-F03|Current|(2015-    )|Bursting charge; Mortar/launching arrangements||Also includes details of fuse/time delay.|Compressed air, gunpowder
Q79-F99|Current|(2015-    )|Other firework details|||
Q79-G|Current|(2015-    )|Cleaning, maintenance and repair of weapons||Includes testing, lubricating and oiling arrangements.|Scrapers, cleaning rods
Q79-H|Current|(2015-    )|Protection for weapons, personnel or equipment; Armored vehicles|||Anti-missile
Q79-H01|Current|(2015-    )|Protection for personnel; Protective clothing||Includes military specific clothing, eye/ear protection and head protection.|
Q79-H03|Current|(2015-    )|Protection for weapons or equipment (not vehicle)||Includes decoys.|
Q79-H04|Current|(2015-    )|Armored vehicles||See also Q19-D.|
Q79-M|Current|(2015-    )|Manufacture/Pre-use treatment of weapons|||
Q79-S|Current|(2015-    )|Recycling and decommissioning of weapons||Decommissioning details of ammunitions are also covered by K03-A04. Alterations so that a gun can no longer be fired are also covered under Q79-T02X.|
Q79-T|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of weapons and ammunitions||Details of explosives are coded under K04. Constructional details of practice targets, such as archery targets, are coded under Q79-E codes only.|
Q79-T01|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of weapons||Protective clothing is covered under Q79-H01.|
Q79-T01A|Current|(2015-    )|Bows, bowstrings||Includes details of bow-string drawing or releasing devices, bow stringers, bow wax, arrow rests, guides and bow stabilizers/dampers. Archery targets are also included under Q79-E. Arrows per se are coded under Q79-T02B.|Limbs, risers, tillers, bow sights, necking points, bracing height gauges, darts
Q79-T01B|Current|(2015-    )|Handles; Crossguards||Also includes butts and butt plates.|Stocks, recoil absorbing pads
Q79-T01C|Current|(2015-    )|Blades; Folding blades||Includes details of the folding mechanism. Also includes concealment details, such as for swordsticks and cane-swords.|
Q79-T01D|Current|(2015-    )|Holders, sheath or scabbards||Includes details of storage such as gun bags, gun cases, bow cases, quivers, etc.|Gun slip, gun holster
Q79-T01E|Current|(2015-    )|Barrels|||Rifled bores, smoothbores
Q79-T01F|Current|(2015-    )|Magazines; Arrangements for feeding/loading projectiles||Includes details of pump-action mechanism or lever-action mechanism. Details of ammunitions are coded under Q79-T02.|Rocking lever
Q79-T01G|Current|(2015-    )|Triggers and other ignition mechanisms|||
Q79-T01H|Current|(2015-    )|Aiming mechanisms||Includes b-pods and shooting sticks. Also includes mounting arrangements, e.g. gun mountings on a vehicle.|Iron sights, turrets, monopod, target acquisition, trajectory compensation
Q79-T01X|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of weapons||Includes high seats, recoil pads. Also includes details of gunshot sound and smoke simulation, such as shock-sensitive explosive compounds. Cartridges blanks are included under Q79-T02A. Details of gun decommissioning are coded under Q79-S.|Silencer
Q79-T02|Current|(2015-    )|Constructional details of ammunitions|||Tracer ammunition
Q79-T02A|Current|(2015-    )|Cartridges/shells||Includes details of cartridge blanks.|Rubber bullets
Q79-T02B|Current|(2015-    )|Bullets/projectiles||Includes arrows and arrowheads. Rubber bullets are coded under Q79-T02A.|Pellet
Q79-T02C|Current|(2015-    )|Propellants, primers (to ignite propellant) and detonators||Includes details of fuse mechanism, delay arrangement, booster and main charge.|Gunpowder
Q79-T02F|Current|(2015-    )|Storage of ammunitions||Includes details of ammunition belts or bags and ammunition boxes. Details of magazines are coded under Q79-T01F.|
Q79-T02X|Current|(2015-    )|Other constructional details of ammunitions|||
Q79-T10|Current|(2015-    )|Safety arrangements||Includes latch and double-trigger system for guns, device for absorbing or damping detonation-wave during explosions or protecting the user whilst firing the gun, etc.|Blasting mat
Q79-T50|Current|(2015-    )|Novel constructional material (weapons and ammunitions)||Can be used in conjunction with other Q79-T codes to indicate material application.|Fiberglass, rubber, stone, thermoplastics, HMPE
Q79-T99|Current|(2015-    )|Other accessories|||Shooting mats
Q79-U|Current|(2015-    )|Applications|||
Q79-U03|Current|(2015-    )|Vehicles|||
Q79-U17|Current|(2015-    )|Civil Engineering; Construction; Buildings||Includes demolition of e.g. buildings, chimney stacks, using blasting.|Building implosion
Q79-U30|Current|(2015-    )|Sports, toys, entertainment and leisure||Includes martial arts weapons, paintball, fireworks and fire performances.|Sparklers, Catherine Wheels, fire-breathing, fire-eating, hunting
Q79-U31|Current|(2015-    )|Self-defense; military|||Anti-riot
Q79-U31A|Current|(2015-    )|Military||Includes replica firearms for training.|
Q79-U31C|Current|(2015-    )|Self-defense|||
Q79-U45|Current|(2015-    )|Underwater use|||
Q79-U99|Current|(2015-    )|Other specific applications|||
S01|Current||Electrical instruments||This section is restricted to measurements of electrical properties and values. It does not include other methods such as optical inspection of electrical and electronic apparatus, for which codes for the device under test, together with the appropriate code, in e.g. S03, should be used.|
S01-A|Current||Current and volt meters with pointer display||Does not include those used to display other measured variables e.g. on vehicle dashboard. (For details of pointer displays in measurement see S02-K06A. For vehicle dashboard instrumentation see S02-K06X and X22-E codes.)|Ammeter, coil, moving coil
S01-B|Current||Integrating power or current meters||Includes meters with electromechanical and electronic integration, e.g. kilowatt-hour meter. See S01-D02 for instantaneous power measurement. See also X12-H04 codes.|Hour, watt, energy, utility, disc, security
S01-B01|Current|(1992-    )|Remote meter reading||Includes monitoring of meter per se. See also S02-K08A. See also X12-H04A.|
S01-B03|Current|(1997-    )|Digital electricity meters|S01-B||
S01-B05|Current|(1992-    )|Integrating power or current meters - protection against tampering||See also T05-H06 for coin, token, or card-freed systems. Includes local or remote indication of tampering.|Security, anti-fraud
S01-C|Current||Instruments displaying waveforms or digital values|||Transient
S01-C01|Current||Cathode ray oscilloscopes||See V05-D codes for details of CRTs per se.|Oscillograph, CRO, vertical, trigger, horizontal, storage, vector
S01-C09|Current||Instruments displaying waveforms or digital values [exc. cathode ray oscilloscopes]||Includes instruments with other display types.|
S01-D|Current||Measuring electric variables|||
S01-D01|Current||Measuring electric variables - currents or voltages [general]|||
S01-D01A|Current||Measuring electric variables - functions of currents or voltages|||Amplitude, average
S01-D01A1|Current|(1983-    )|Measuring electric variables - effective values||Includes r.m.s values.|Root mean square
S01-D01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables - peak detection|||Maximum, hold, Sample and hold
S01-D01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables - other functions of currents or voltages|||
S01-D01B|Current||Measuring electric variables - indicating presence or sign|||Polarity, offset, comparator
S01-D01B1|Current||Measuring electric variables - indicating presence|||
S01-D01B5|Current||Measuring electric variables - thresholding||Includes indication of zero-crossing point of ac waveform.|Level reference, hysteresis
S01-D01C|Current||Measuring electric variables using AC/DC, current/pulse conversion, etc. [general]||A-D and D-A converters per se are covered by U21-A codes.|
S01-D01C1|Current|(1983-    )|Measuring electric variables using DC to AC, digital|||
S01-D01C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables using DC-AC||Includes chopper circuit. See U24-G01A1 and U24-G02E for instrumentation chopper amplification circuits.|
S01-D01C1B|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables using digital|||
S01-D01C5|Current|(1983-    )|Measuring electric variables using AC to DC|||Rectifier, bridge, detector, full-wave rectifier
S01-D01D|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables using 'indirect' measurement techniques||Includes non-contact measurement techniques and those involving transformation into non-electric quantity.|
S01-D01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables using inductive or magnetic measurement|||Clamp ammeter
S01-D01D1A|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables using current transformer||See also V02-G01B and X12-C01, respectively for low and high power transformers per se.|Core, coil, primary, secondary, phase
S01-D01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables using electrostatic effects||Includes capacitive measurement, CVTs, etc.|
S01-D01D5|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables using optical transformation||See also V07-K for light property such as polarisation varying in proportion to electric quantity.|Pockel's effect, Electrochromic, Faraday rotation
S01-D01D7|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables using particle beam||Includes measurement using e.g. electron beam probing circuit, and also measurement by deflection of beam. See also V05-F01 codes and V05-F08B.|
S01-D01D9|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring electric variables using other indirect current/voltage measurements|||
S01-D01X|Current||Other current/voltage measurements|||
S01-D02|Current||Power, power factor or energy||Includes instantaneous power measurement. Integrating meters are covered by S01-B Includes measurement of RF power (with S01-H05).|Thermocouple, heating effect, remote indication
S01-D03|Current||Frequency; analysing frequency spectra [general]|||
S01-D03A|Current||Frequency; analysing frequency spectra by conversion to amplitude or phase shift|||Resonance, tuned circuit, integrato, frequency to voltage converter
S01-D03B|Current||Frequency; analysing frequency spectra by pulse counting|||Clock, gate, digital frequency meter, bit rate
S01-D03C|Current||Analysing frequency spectra [general]|||
S01-D03C1|Current|(1992-    )|Analysing frequency spectra - frequency sweeping apparatus||Includes 'spectrum analyser' and panoramic receivers. Measurement receivers per se are covered by W02-G03 codes, monitoring of transmission systems in general by W02-C05 codes and band scanning by U25-J01 codes.|
S01-D03C3|Current|(1992-    )|Analysing frequency spectra - Fourier analysis||See T01-J04B for implementation by data processing circuitry.|
S01-D03C5|Current|(1992-    )|Analysing frequency spectra - distortion and harmonic content measurement|||THD, total, distortion factor meter, nonlinear
S01-D03C9|Current|(1992-    )|Other frequency spectra analysis|||
S01-D03X|Current||Frequency aspects - other|||
S01-D04|Current||Phase angle between voltages and currents||See U23-C for phase comparator per se.|Lissajous figure
S01-D05|Current||LCR and impedance based measurements||Codes in this section relate to the measurement of impedances per se (S01-D05B), resistance (S01- D05B1), impedance related measurements such as reflection coefficient (S01-D05B5), four terminal network characteristics (S01- D05C), and measurement of inductance, capacitance, quality factor etc (S01-D05A codes). For bridge measurements see S01-F01 also. For high-frequency measurement use S01-H05 also. For measurements on passive components, use S01-G12 codes also.|
S01-D05A|Current||Inductance, capacitance, Q factor, loss factor, dielectric constant [general]|||AC bridge
S01-D05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Inductance measurement|||Self, mutual
S01-D05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Capacitance and dielectric constant measurement|||Permittivity
S01-D05A5|Current|(1992-    )|Quality/loss factor measurement|||Tan delta, loss angle, Q-factor, dissipation factor
S01-D05B|Current||Resistance and reflection based measurements [general]||Includes general measurement of impedance. Measurement of resistance, or predominantly resistive impedance, is covered by S02-D05B1.|
S01-D05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Resistance measurement|||
S01-D05B5|Current|(1992-    )|Reflection-based measurements||For measurements on antenna feeder e.g. VSWR, gain etc, see W02-B08A1 also.|Reflectometer, time domain
S01-D05B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterising circuit||Includes e.g. scattering parameter measurements.|S-parameter
S01-D05B9|Current|(1992-    )|2-pole measurements - other|||
S01-D05C|Current|(1980-    )|4-pole characteristics||Includes measurement of 4-terminal network (i.e. 2-port network) characteristics such as attenuation, phase or amplitude as a function of frequency, Nyquist diagram, Bode plot, etc.|Gain, gain-bandwidth, insertion loss, roll-off, stability, transient response, transmission loss
S01-D06|Current||Pulse characteristics (individual pulses)||Measurement and monitoring of pulse trains are covered by U22-D03.|Duration, rise-time, fall-time, overshoot
S01-D07|Current|(1992-    )|Electric and electromagnetic fields [general]|S01-D09|Measurement of magnetic field strength is covered by S01-E01 codes.|
S01-D07A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrostatic fields||Includes measurement of point charges. See also S01-H02 for high voltage applications.|
S01-D07A1|Current|(1997-    )|Electrostatic fields - using optical techniques|||
S01-D07B|Current|(1992-    )|Electromagnetic fields||See also S01-H05 for RF field strength measurements.|
S01-D07B1|Current|(1992-    )|Electromagnetic fields - antenna radiation diagram||See also S01-G08A5 and W02-B08A1.|
S01-D07B3|Current|(1997-    )|Electromagnetic fields - using optical techniques|||
S01-D08|Current|(1992-    )|Modulation and noise|S01-D09||
S01-D08A|Current|(1992-    )|Modulation index or depth||See also S01-G08A1 and W02-G01 for transmitter testing. Modulators per se are coded in U23.|Cross-modulation, AM, FM, frequency, deviation, sideband
S01-D08B|Current|(1992-    )|Noise power; noise figure||See also S01-G08A3 and W02-G03 codes for receiver testing.|S-N, signal-to-noise, ratio
S01-D08B1|Current|(1997-    )|Noise power; noise figure for electronic amplifier|S01-D08B|See U24 codes|
S01-D08B3|Current|(1997-    )|Noise power; noise figure for optical amplifier|S01-D08B|See also S02-J04A1C and V07-K01C.|
S01-D09|Current||Electrical variable measurements - other||Includes measurement of turns ratio and number of turns. (See also V02/X12).|piezoelectric
S01-E|Current||Measuring magnetic variables|||Resonance, free induction decay signal coil, NMR, field, nuclear, echo, spin echo, magnetometer, magnetise, Hall-effect, flow
S01-E01|Current||Direction/magnitude of magnetic field/flux|||Gradiometer, permanent
S01-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring magnetic variables using superconductive quantum interferometer||See also U14-F02B.|
S01-E01A1|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring magnetic variables using DC squid|S01-E01A||
S01-E01A3|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring magnetic variables using RF squid|S01-E01A||
S01-E01B|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring magnetic variables using galvano-magnetic devices||Includes use of Hall-effect devices.|
S01-E01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Galvano-magnetic detector device per se||See also U12-B01A for Hall-effect devices.|
S01-E01C|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring magnetic variables using magneto-optical devices||Includes use of Faraday effect devices. See also V07-K03.|
S01-E01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Magneto-optical detector device per se|||
S01-E01D|Current|(2005-    )|Using magnetoresistive devices|||
S01-E01D1|Current|(2005-    )|Device per se|||
S01-E01X|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring direction/magnitude of magnetic field/flux - other|||
S01-E02|Current||Magnetic properties [general]|||
S01-E02A|Current|(1992-    )|Quantised spin properties||See S03-C02F and S03-E07 codes. S01-J02 code is used for cooling arrangements.|
S01-E02A1|Current|(1997-    )|NMR|S01-E02A||
S01-E02A1A|Current|(1997-    )|NMR sample handling|S01-E02A|Includes spinning mechanism.|
S01-E02A2|Current|(1997-    )|MRI|S01-E02A||
S01-E02A2A|Current|(1997-    )|MRI image enhancement|S01-E02A|Includes artefact suppression. See S05-D02B2 for medical application. See S03-E09X for contrast agents.|
S01-E02A3|Current|(1997-    )|Nuclear quadrupole resonance|||NQR
S01-E02A4|Current|(1997-    )|ESR/EPR|S01-E02A||Spin, paramagnetic, resonance, electron
S01-E02A8|Current|(1997-    )|Quantised spin measuring device details [general]|S01-E02A|Refers to all devices within the scope of S01-E02A.|
S01-E02A8A|Current|(1997-    )|Quantised spin measuring device details - coils and waveguides|S01-E02A|Includes coils for RF excitation and detection. Does NOT include coils for generating magnetic fields, e.g. gradient coils. For coils generating magnetic fields, see S01-E02A8E.|
S01-E02A8C|Current|(1997-    )|Signal and image processing|S01-E02A|See T01-J04B for use of Fast Fourier Transform.|Fourier Transform
S01-E02A8E|Current|(1997-    )|Quantised spin measuring device details - magnets|S01-E02A|Includes coils for generating magnetic fields, e.g. gradient coils, electromagnets. See also V02-E codes.|Electromagnetic, superconducting
S01-E02A8P|Current|(2005-    )|Pulse sequences||Covers methods and apparatus which control the timing, shape and duration of the RF pulses.|
S01-E02A8Q|Current|(2005-    )|Control and operation||Covers all systems for operation and control of NMR equipment other than RF pulses.|
S01-E02A8X|Current|(1997-    )|Quantised spin properties measuring device details - other|S01-E02A||
S01-E02A9|Current|(1997-    )|Quantised spin properties - other|S01-E02A||
S01-E02X|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic properties - other|S01-E02|See S03-E11 for investigation of materials using magnetic variables.|Ferromagnetic, eddy, susceptibility, coercivity, excitation, permeability
S01-F|Current||Measurements involving comparison with a reference|||Ratio, standard
S01-F01|Current||Measurements involving comparison with a reference - AC or DC bridges||See S01-D05 also for appropriate measurement.|Resistance, capacitance, inductance, Wheatstone, transformer
S01-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Measurements involving reference comparison - AC/DC bridges with transducer forming part of bridge||Includes Wheatstone bridge circuit with resistance strain gauge e.g. for force measurement (see also S02-F01C), or weighing (see also S02-D01B).|
S01-F09|Current||Other reference measurements|||Polarity
S01-G|Current|(1992-    )|Testing electric properties; locating electric faults||See general scope note for S01 section. Includes power supply fault, energy quality, energy efficiency etc.,|
S01-G01|Current||Testing electric properties; locating electric faults - electronic circuits||Covers measurements at nodes of circuits which may be discrete or integrated.|
S01-G01A|Current||Testing electric properties; locating electric faults - digital circuits||Includes logic tester/analyser.|VLSI, integrated, IC, ROM, EEPROM
S01-G01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing integrated circuits||Measurements on IC regarded as functional block are covered by S01-G02B. Includes use of electron beam probe techniques (see also S01-D01D7), and boundary scan testing (see also S01-G01A5). For on-chip test circuits, see U11-F01D2, U13-C07 also.|
S01-G01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Testing modules or cards|||
S01-G01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Logic analyser|||
S01-G01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Digital circuit testing - other|||
S01-G01B|Current||Printed circuit boards [general]||See V04-R06 codes.|Contact, mount, probe, pin, PCB
S01-G01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Bare PCB i.e. before component mounting|||
S01-G01B3|Current|(1987-    )|Assembled PCB, including ate||See S01-H03 codes for probe details.|Tracks, continuity, short circuit
S01-G01C|Current|(1992-    )|Analogue circuits|||
S01-G01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Analogue integrated circuits||See note for S01-G01A1.|
S01-G01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Analogue circuit modules|||
S01-G01C9|Current|(1992-    )|Analogue circuit testing - other|||
S01-G01D|Current|(2007-    )|Using external optical/thermal/other stimulation||Includes measurement where circuit is stimulated by external energy to induce voltage/current/ resistance change, which is then used for failure detection/ testing operation of circuit. For any subsequent non-contact measurement of voltages/currents, see also S01-D01D.|EBIC, OBIC, OBIRCH, voltage contrast
S01-G02|Current||Tubes, semiconductor devices and display panels|||Characteristic, curve, acceptance test
S01-G02A|Current|(1992-    )|Tubes||See also V05-L07E1 codes and X26-A03 for tube and discharge lamp testing respectively.|Valve, CRT
S01-G02B|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor devices||Codes in this section are used to denote testing of a semiconductor device as a "functional block" or "block box". See S01-G01A1 and S01-G01C1 for testing involving measurement of voltages and currents within the circuit itself.|Bipolar, unipolar, FET, MOS, CMOS, integrated circuit, IC, transistor, thyristor, SCR, triac, diac, diode, rectifier, varactor
S01-G02B1|Current|(1992-    )|At wafer or die level||See U11-F01D codes also.|Defect, fault, mark, identify
S01-G02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Completed (encapsulated) device||See also U11-F01C codes.|IC, integrated circuit, transistor, SCR, triac, diac, diode, rectifier, varactor
S01-G02C|Current|(2007-    )|Display panels||Electrical measurements relating to display panels, e.g. LCD, PDP, FED, and associated circuitry. See also S02-J04A3A for LCD testing.|
S01-G03|Current||Materials, for dielectric strength or breakdown voltage||Includes arc detection in general.|HV, discharge, withstand, tracking, arcing
S01-G04|Current||Testing for short circuits, discontinuity and leakage [general]|||Cable core identifier, plug/socket connection tester, continuity tester
S01-G04A|Current|(1992-    )|Testing for short circuit and leakage|||
S01-G04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing for short circuit|||
S01-G04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Testing for leakage|||
S01-G04A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Testing for leakage with preset threshold|||
S01-G04C|Current|(1992-    )|Checking continuity|||
S01-G04C1|Current|(1992-    )|Checking continuity without resistance measurement|||
S01-G04C5|Current|(1992-    )|Checking continuity with resistance measurement|||
S01-G04C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Checking continuity with pre-set threshold|||
S01-G05|Current||Locating faults in cables or networks||Used for 'installed' cables and transmission lines. See also X12-G01C for power cables W02-C01D for communication cables.|Telecommunication, break point, capacitance
S01-G06|Current|(1983-    )|Batteries||See X16-H also which includes non-electric testing, e.g. of specific gravity, not coded in S01-G06.|Charge, terminal, accumulator, ampere-hour, capacity
S01-G06A|Current|(1992-    )|Measurement of remaining battery capacity|||Reserve, residual, discharge
S01-G07|Current|(1983-    )|Electrical machines||See V06-M11 and X11-J codes also.|Winding, coil, phase, rotating, rotor, stator, motor, generator, dynamo, alternator, dynamoelectric
S01-G08|Current|(1992-    )|Radio equipment and related systems|S01-G09|See also W02-C05 and W02-G, and also relevant S01-D codes for specific electrical measurement aspect, e.g. from S01-D07 and S01-D08.|
S01-G08A|Current|(1992-    )|Radio equipment and related systems - testing methods for equipment||The codes in this section are used when the method of testing is intended for a specific type of equipment.|
S01-G08A1|Current|(1992-    )|Radio equipment and related systems - testing methods for transmitters, repeaters|||
S01-G08A3|Current|(1992-    )|Radio equipment and related systems - testing methods for receivers|||
S01-G08A5|Current|(1992-    )|Radio equipment and related systems - testing methods for antennae|||
S01-G08A9|Current|(1992-    )|Radio and related systems equipment testing - other|||
S01-G08B|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment for testing radio equipment and related systems||The codes in this section are used when the novelty resides in the test equipment itself.|
S01-G08B1|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment for testing signal sources||Includes signal generators, noise generators, etc.|
S01-G08B3|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment with measuring facility||Includes e.g. RF power meter, noise-measuring receiver etc.|
S01-G08B5|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment for testing screening arrangements||Includes e.g. RF Faraday cage. See also S01-J02.|
S01-G08B9|Current|(1992-    )|Radio test equipment - other|||
S01-G08C|Current|(1992-    )|Electromagnetic compatibility testing||See S01-D08B for noise figure measurements and S01-G08B5 for Faraday cage measurements. Covers tolerance of circuits to EM interference and output interference of device to other devices (e.g. effect of electric motor on TV).|EMC
S01-G09|Current||Electrical property tests - other|||
S01-G10|Current|(1992-    )|Switches and switchgear|S01-G09|Includes circuit breaker and relay testing. See also V03 and X13 codes.|Contact, contactor, breaker, relay, reed
S01-G12|Current|(1992-    )|Passive components||Use with S01-D05 codes as appropriate, e.g. for measurement of resistance of an inductor, search S01-D05B1 and S01-G12E5.|
S01-G12A|Current|(1992-    )|Resistors||See V01-A04H1 (or X12-A if power type) also.|
S01-G12C|Current|(1992-    )|Capacitors||See also V01-B01G7C (electrolytic), V01-B04C (non-electrolytic), or X12-B (power capacitors).|
S01-G12E|Current|(1992-    )|Inductive components||See also V02-H codes for low power components and X12-C01D3.|
S01-G12E1|Current|(1992-    )|Transformers|||
S01-G12E5|Current|(1992-    )|Coils|||
S01-G13|Current|(2011-    )|Insulators||Testing of all electrical insulators|
S01-G14|Current|(2006-    )|Wires or cables||See also relevant X12-G codes.|
S01-H|Current||Electrical instrument details [general]||Non-electric, or non-specifically electric, instrument details are covered by S01-J codes.|
S01-H01|Current|(1983-    )|Testing, calibrating and compensation|||Reference, standard, setting-up, compare, monitor, self-check
S01-H01A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical instrument details - compensation||Includes compensation for e.g. noise effects, temperature variation etc. See also S02-K02 codes for compensation aspects of measurement systems in general.|
S01-H01A1|Current||Electrical instrument details- noise reduction|S01-H01A||
S01-H01B|Current|(2005-    )|Testing|||
S01-H01C|Current|(2005-    )|Calibration|||
S01-H02|Current|(1983-    )|Electrical instrument details for high voltage/current networks|||HV, power line
S01-H03|Current|(1983-    )|Electrical instrument details - probes, contacts|||PCB
S01-H03A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical instrument details - multiple probe arrangement||Includes probe board, pin network, 'bed-of-nails' etc. See also S01-G01B for measurements on PCBs.|Integrated circuit, IC, wafer, circuit board, card, automatic test equipment, ATE
S01-H03B|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical instrument details - single probe||Includes probe for e.g. multimeter, or oscilloscope.|Test prod, clip, alligator, crocodile
S01-H04|Current|(1997-    )|Electrical instrument details - multimeters|S01-H09||
S01-H05|Current|(1987-    )|Electrical instrument details for high-frequency measurements||Use with other codes where HF effects dictate measurement techniques. NMR and MRI are no longer coded in this section, see relevant S01-E02 codes.|Microwave, probe, RF, capacitance, inductance, skin effect, leakage
S01-H07|Current|(1992-    )|Processor-controlled instrument||Includes computer control of operation. See also T01-J08A.|
S01-H07A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical instrument details - interfacing and remote control||Includes data transfer arrangement for multiple instrument systems. See T01-J08A and T01-C/T01-H codes also.|
S01-H09|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical instrument details - other|||
S01-J|Current||Instrument details (classes S01 to S03)||Codes in this section relate to non-electrical and electrical instruments.|
S01-J01|Current||Instrument details - housing||Housings for electrical equipment in general are covered by V04-S codes.|Meter, lock, seal, case, wall, tamper, access, hinge, cover, enclosure
S01-J02|Current||Indicating elements, cooling, screening||See S03-A04 for cooling arrangement for optical measuring instruments.|Shielding, set-up, adjustment, standard, reference
S01-J02A|Current|(1992-    )|Instrument details - indicating elements|||Scale, meter, printer, display, read-out
S01-J02C|Current|(2005-    )|Cooling, screening|||
S01-J03|Current|(2006-    )|Instrument manufacture||Includes all manufacturing of instrumentation included in S01, S02 or S03 classes. Search with apparatus or method codes in addition to this code for specific instrumentation manufacturing details.|
S01-J04|Current|(2010-    )|Power supply|S01-H09|Includes power supply devices for all instrumentation systems|Voltage and current source, supply
S01-J09|Current||Other instrument details (Incl. vibration damping)||Includes supports, arrangements adjusting position or attitude, compensating for effects of tilting.|Mount, vibration, isolation
S02|Current||Engineering instrumentation|||
S02-A|Current||Measuring, dimensions, angles, areas, contours, roughness||Codes in this section are applied in the hierarchy according to the primary method of measurement, e.g. a Vernier calliper using an electrical transducer to produce reading on a display would be coded under mechanical measurement.|
S02-A01|Current||Mechanical measurement|||Slide, scale
S02-A01A|Current||Mechanical measurement using rules, micrometers, wheels|||Tape, mark, edge
S02-A01B|Current||Mechanical measurement using gauges (e.g. feeler-pin or thread gauges)|||Caliper, feeler, probe, dial, tool, vernier
S02-A01C|Retired|(1980-2013)|Measuring arrangements, (for)*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10 together with S02-A01 from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Position, configuration, curve, displacement, distance, dimension, height, shape
S02-A01C1|Retired|(1980-2013)|Diameter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10A together with S02-A01 from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Radius, circle
S02-A01C2|Retired|(1980-2013)|Length, width, thickness*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B together with S02-A01 from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|
S02-A01C3|Retired|(1980-2013)|Spacing, depth, contour*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B together with S02-A01 for spacing and depth, and S02-A10C together with S02-A01 for contour, from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|
S02-A01C4|Retired|(1980-2013)|Angles, alignment, position, area*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10D together with S02-A01 for angles, orientation and alignment, S02-A10C together with S02-A01 for area and S02-A10G2 together with S02-A01 for position from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014. Includes measuring orientation.|
S02-A01C5|Retired|(1980-2013)|Roughness, deformation*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10E together with S02-A01 for roughness, S02-A10F together with S02-A01 for deformation from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Surface, flat, smooth
S02-A01X|Retired|(1980-2013)|Other mechanical measurements*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10 together with S02-A01 from 201401. S02-A01X remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|(unchanged)
S02-A02|Current|(1980-    )|Electrical or magnetic measuring arrangements|||Transducer
S02-A02A|Retired|(1980-2013)|Diameter, spacing*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10A together with S02-A02 for diameter and S02-A10B together with S02-A02 for spacing from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Distance, displacement, gap, radius
S02-A02B|Retired|(1980-2013)|Thickness of sheet or coating*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B1 together with S02-A02 from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Capacitance, magnetic, eddy current, film
S02-A02C|Retired|(1980-2013)|Length, width, thickness*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B together with S02-A02 from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|
S02-A02D|Retired|(1980-2013)|Deformation*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10F together with S02-A02 from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Strain gauge, distortion
S02-A02E|Retired|(1980-2013)|Depth, contour*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B together with S02-A02 for depth and S02-A10C together with S02-A02 for contour from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Curve, profile
S02-A02F|Retired|(1980-2013)|Angles, alignment, position*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10D together with S02-A02 for angles and alignment and S02-A10G2 together with S02-A02 for position from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014. Includes measuring orientation.|
S02-A02G|Retired|(1997-2013)|Roughness*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10E together with S02-A02 from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Smooth, surface
S02-A02X|Retired|(1980-2013)|Other electrical or magnetic measuring arrangements*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10 together with S02-A02 from 201401. From 201401, details of area measurements are coded under S02-A10C together with S02-A02. S02-A02X remains searchable for records prior to 2014. Includes area.|Surface, cross-section
S02-A03|Current|(1980-    )|Optical measurement||Note - codes in this section cover disclosures where light is the primary means of measurement irrespective of subsequent treatment or processing, such as in CCTV system.|Beam, laser, reflect, grating
S02-A03A|Current|(1980-    )|Interferometers|||Fabry-Perot
S02-A03B|Retired|(1980-2013)|Measuring arrangements, (for)*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10 together with S02-A03 from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|
S02-A03B1|Retired|(1980-2013)|Thickness of sheet, diameter, coating*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B1 together with S02-A03 for thickness of sheet or coating, and S02-A10A together with S02-A03 for diameter from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Radius, circle
S02-A03B2|Retired|(1980-2013)|Length, width, thickness, spacing*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B together with S02-A03 from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Distance, displacement
S02-A03B3|Retired|(1980-2013)|Deformation, depth or contour*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B together with S02-A03 for depth, S02-A10F together with S02-A03 for deformation, and S02-A10C together with S02-A03 for contour from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Profile, curve, strain, irregularity, undulation
S02-A03B4|Retired|(1980-2013)|Angles, alignment, position*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10D together with S02-A03 for angles and orientation, and S02-A10G2 together with S02-A03 for position from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014. Includes measurement of orientation, tapers or optical axes alignment.|3D position
S02-A03B5|Retired|(1980-2013)|Area, roughness*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10C together with S02-A03 for area and S02-A10E together with S02-A03 for roughness from 201401. It remains searchable for records prior to 2014.|Flat, smooth, surface, cross-section
S02-A04|Current||Measuring arrangements using fluids|||Inclination, liquid, spirit-level, bubble, pneumatic, hydraulic, air, gas
S02-A05|Current||Measuring using radiation, sound|||
S02-A05A|Current|(1983-    )|Measuring using radiation||Includes dimensional measurements using e.g. electron microscope.|
S02-A05A1|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring using microwaves|S02-A05A|Includes use of terahertz radiation.|
S02-A05A3|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring using atomic or nuclear radiation|S02-A05A|Includes electrons, X-rays, gamma radiation etc.|X-ray, gamma ray
S02-A05B|Current|(1983-    )|Measuring using sound||See W06-A05 for sonar systems, S03-E08 or S05-D03 for materials testing or medical systems respectively.|Ultrasonic, echo, propagation time, round-trip
S02-A05B1|Retired|(1997-2001)|Measuring diameter using sound*|S02-A05B|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A05C1 from 200201, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1997 to 2001.|
S02-A05B2|Retired|(1997-2001)|Measuring length, width, thickness using sound*|S02-A05B|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A05C2 from 200201, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1997 to 2001.|
S02-A05B3|Retired|(1997-2001)|Measuring deformation, depth, contour using sound*|S02-A05B|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A05C3 from 200201, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1997 to 2001.|
S02-A05B4|Retired|(1997-2001)|Measuring angles, alignment, position using sound*|S02-A05B|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A05C4 from 200201, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1997 to 2001.|
S02-A05B5|Retired|(1997-2001)|Measuring area, roughness using sound*|S02-A05B|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A05C5 from 200201, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1997 to 2001.|
S02-A05B9|Retired|(1997-2001)|Dimensional measurement using sound - other*|S02-A05B|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A05C1 from 200201, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1997 to 2001.|
S02-A05C|Retired|(2002-2013)|Measuring arrangements, (for)*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013. Codes in this section are used with S02-A05A or S02-A05B codes to specify what is being measured.|
S02-A05C1|Retired|(2002-2013)|Thickness of sheet, diameter, coating*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10A for diameter, and S02-A10B1 for thickness of sheet or coating from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013.|Radius, circle
S02-A05C2|Retired|(2002-2013)|Length, width, thickness, gap, spacing*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013.|
S02-A05C3|Retired|(2002-2013)|Deformation, depth or contour*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10F for deformation, S02-A10B for depth, and S02-A10C for contour from 201401 but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013.|
S02-A05C4|Retired|(2002-2013)|Angles, alignment, position*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10D for angles and alignment, and S02-A10G2 for position from 201401 but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013. Includes measurements of orientation.|
S02-A05C5|Retired|(2002-2013)|Area, roughness*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10C for area, and S02-A10E for roughness from 201401 but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013.|
S02-A05C9|Retired|(2002-2013)|Other dimensional measurement using radiation, sound*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10X together with S02-A05A/B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013.|
S02-A06|Retired|(1992-2013)|Coordinate and position measurement*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10G from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A06A|Retired|(1992-2013)|Coordinates*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10G1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A06A1|Retired|(1992-2013)|Mechanical*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10G1 together with S02-A01 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A06A2|Retired|(1992-2013)|Electrical/magnetic*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10G1 together with S02-A02 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A06A3|Retired|(1992-2013)|Optical*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10G1 together with S02-A03 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A06A9|Retired|(1992-2013)|Other coordinate type measurement*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10G1 together with S02-A09 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A06C|Retired|(1992-2013)|Position*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10G2 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013. For determining location in space rather than orientation.|
S02-A06X|Retired|(1992-2013)|Other relative measurement*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10G9 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A07|Current|(1992-    )|Calibration, compensation and testing|||
S02-A08|Retired|(1992-2013)|Combination of measuring methods*||*This code is now discontinued from 2014, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013. From 201401, a combination of S02-A01 to S02-A05 codes is used to highlight the use of more than one measuring method. When the measuring method is not specified, only S02-A10 codes are applied to highlight what is measured. Codes in this section are used to indicate the use of one or more than one method from the preceding groups, e.g. electrical and optical measurement, or where the primary method of measurement is unclear.|
S02-A08A|Retired|(1992-2013)|Thickness of sheet, diameter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10A for diameter and S02-A10B1 for thickness of sheet from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A08B|Retired|(1992-2013)|Length, width, spacing*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A08C|Retired|(1992-2013)|Deformation, depth or contour*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10F for deformation, S02-A10B for depth, and S02-A10C for contour from 201401 but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013.|
S02-A08D|Retired|(1992-2013)|Angles, alignment, position*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10D for angles and alignment, and S02-A10G2 for position from 201401 but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013. Includes measurements of axes, tapers, orientation, etc.|
S02-A08E|Retired|(1992-2013)|Area, roughness*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10C for area, and S02-A10E for roughness from 201401 but remains searchable and valid for records from 2002 to 2013.|
S02-A08X|Retired|(1992-2013)|Other combined measuring*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-A10X from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2013.|
S02-A09|Current|(1980-    )|Other measuring methods||This code is applied for measuring methods that cannot be coded under S02-A01 to S02-A05 codes. When the measuring method is not specified, only S02-A10 codes should be applied to highlight what is being measured.|
S02-A10|Current|(2014-    )|Measuring arrangements (for)||Codes in this section are used to indicate what is being measured, and should be applied together with other S02-A codes to indicate the method of measurement.|
S02-A10A|Current|(2014-    )|Diameter|||Radius, circle
S02-A10B|Current|(2014-    )|Length, Width, Thickness, Spacing, Depth|||Gap, clearance
S02-A10B1|Current|(2014-    )|Thickness of sheet or coating|||
S02-A10C|Current|(2014-    )|Contour, Area||Includes shape measurements|Curvature, spherometer
S02-A10D|Current|(2014-    )|Angles, Orientation, Alignment|||
S02-A10D1|Current|(2014-    )|Angles, Orientation|||Inclination, taper
S02-A10D2|Current|(2014-    )|Alignment|||Perpendicularity
S02-A10E|Current|(2014-    )|Roughness|||Flat, smooth
S02-A10F|Current|(2014-    )|Deformation|||Mechanical strain gauge, resistance strain gauge, straightness
S02-A10G|Current|(2014-    )|Coordinates, Position||The emphasis is on relative measurement to any arbitrary coordinate system, e.g. Cartesian or Polar, rather than absolute measurement. |
S02-A10G1|Current|(2014-    )|Coordinates|||
S02-A10G2|Current|(2014-    )|Position||For determining location in space rather than orientation.|
S02-A10G9|Current|(2014-    )|Other relative measurement|||
S02-A10X|Current|(2014-    )|Other measuring arrangements|||
S02-B|Current||Surveying and navigation|||Position, scan, infrared, IR, laser optical
S02-B01|Current||Measuring distances in line of sight; optical rangefinders||See W06-A06 for laser 'radar' systems. Rangefinders for photographic cameras are also coded in S06-B01A.|Range, light, beam, modulate, reflect, camera
S02-B01A|Current|(2005-    )|Large scale position and location measurement||Includes mining and pipeline machinery position location. Does not include RADAR, GPS systems (see W06).|
S02-B02|Current||Measuring height, distances transverse to line of sight; levelling between separated points, etc.|||
S02-B02A|Current|(2005-    )|Measuring altitude|S02-B02||
S02-B03|Current||Measuring inclination|||Level, spirit, liquid, bubble, inclinometer, clinometer, angle, plumb, bob, slope, slant, gradient, grade
S02-B04|Current||Photographic surveying; open-water surveying||Includes electronic imaging surveillance from e.g. orbiting space vehicle. Electrical aspects of photographic cameras are covered by S06-B codes, video cameras by W04-M01 codes.|Photogrammetric, aerial, aircraft, satellite, map, plane, sea
S02-B05|Current||Measuring angles (incl. theodolites; sextants)|||Angular, axis
S02-B05A|Current|(2005-    )|Attitude and orientation|||
S02-B06|Current||Compasses||Electrical aspects of compasses are also coded in W06-A09.|Magnetic, magnetometer, elevation, azimuth, pole, vehicle
S02-B07|Current||Gyroscopes||See also W06-A07 for electric/electro-optical details.|Gyro, rotating, angular, rate, axis
S02-B07A|Current|(1992-    )|Gyroscopes with electric transducer|||Coriolis, vibration
S02-B07B|Current|(1992-    )|Gyroscopes using optical effects||Includes Ring Laser Gyroscopes and optical fibre gyroscopes. See V08-A01A1 for Ring Laser Gyroscopes and V08-A codes for laser details. See V07-N01 or optical fibre gyroscopes specifically and V07-K codes for light control aspects.|Fibre-optic, Sagnac effect, RLG, beam, relativistic, counter-propagating
S02-B08|Current||Navigational techniques||See also W06-A codes. For systems specifically for aircraft, ships and land vehicles, see also W06-B01B1, W06-C01B and X22-E06 codes respectively.|Road, display, indicate, route, map, moving map, update, coordinate
S02-B08A|Current|(1997-    )|Navigational techniques using radio|S02-B08||
S02-B08C|Current|(1997-    )|Navigational techniques using satellite|S02-B08|See W06-A03A for Global positioning System. X22-E06B covers GPS as applied to vehicle navigation.|GPS, Global Positioning System, NAVSTAR
S02-B08E|Current|(1997-    )|Display and indication aspects||For novel visual display aspects see S02-K04C; for audio output, see S02-K04A and possibly also W04-V for speech synthesis; for haptic output, see S02-K04D.|
S02-B08G|Current|(1997-    )|Navigational techniques using computer/processor|S02-B08|Includes software. See also T01-J06B codes.|
S02-B08X|Current|(2005-    )|Other navigation techniques|S02-B08|Includes inertial and dead reckoning techniques.|
S02-B09|Current||Surveying/navigation - other||Includes electrical aspects of telescopes.|
S02-B10|Current|(1992-    )|Testing, calibration and monitoring of surveying/navigation equipment|||
S02-B11|Current|(1992-    )|Instrument combinations|S02-B09|Includes measurement of two or more variables.|
S02-B12|Current|(1992-    )|Distance recording devices|S02-B09||
S02-B12A|Current|(1992-    )|Distance recording devices for vehicles||Includes odometers. For electrical aspects see also X22. (Tachographs are coded in T05-G01 and X22-E05).|Hodometer, tachometer
S02-B12B|Current|(1992-    )|Non-vehicle travel recorder||Includes pedometers.|
S02-C|Current||Measuring vol., vol. flow, mass flow or liq. level; metering by volume|||Meter, water, air, gas, fluid
S02-C01|Current||Continuous volume/mass flow meters|||Pressure, valve, pipe, rate, fuel, transducers
S02-C01A|Current||Mechanical continuous volume/mass flow meters|||
S02-C01A1|Current||Mechanical continuous volume/mass flowmeter with rotating vanes; using pressure/pressure difference|||Wheel, turbine, blade, Bernoulli, Venturi
S02-C01A9|Current||Mechanical continuous volume/mass flow meters (incl. dynamic effects) - other|||Vortex, float, swirl, Karmann
S02-C01B|Current||Continuous volume/mass flow meters using electric, magnetic, wave propagation or thermal effect|||
S02-C01B1|Current|(1983-    )|Continuous volume/mass flow meters using wave effects|||Ultrasonic, Doppler, blood, velocity, acoustic, sonic, sound, medical
S02-C01B4|Current|(1983-    )|Continuous volume/mass flow meters using electric or magnetic effects|||Electromagnet, coil
S02-C01B7|Current|(1983-    )|Continuous volume/mass flow meters using thermal effects|||Engine, IC, intake, heat
S02-C01B7A|Current|(1997-    )|Continuous volume/mass flow meters using thermal effects - device per se|S02-C01B7||
S02-C01B7C|Current|(1997-    )|Continuous volume/mass flow meters using thermal effects - circuitry|S02-C01B7||
S02-C01F|Current|(1992-    )|Mass flow meters|S02-C01X|Includes Coriolis flow meters.|
S02-C01F1|Current|(1997-    )|Air mass flow sensors|S02-C01F||
S02-C01X|Current||Other flow meters||Includes using camera to image fluid to determine flow rate.|
S02-C02|Current||Discontinuous volume flow meters|||Chamber, piston
S02-C02A|Current|(1997-    )|Discontinuous volume flow meters - water meter|S02-C02|Includes water meters using continuous flow measurement techniques.|
S02-C02A1|Current|(1997-    )|Discontinuous volume flow meters - water meter - protection against tampering|S02-C02||
S02-C02C|Current|(1997-    )|Discontinuous volume flow meters - gas meter|S02-C02|Includes gas meters using continuous flow measurement techniques.|
S02-C02C1|Current|(1997-    )|Discontinuous volume flow meters - gas meter - protection against tampering|S02-C02||
S02-C03|Current||Vol. Flow measurement (incl. Compound meters, measuring relative flow) - other|||Fuel, engine, IC
S02-C04|Current||Dispensers|||Dose, pump, chamber, container, drink, supply
S02-C04A|Current||Dispensers with expanding or contracting measuring chambers|||Piston, stroke
S02-C04B|Current||Dispensers with moving measuring chambers|||
S02-C04C|Current||Dispensers with stationary measuring chambers|||Optic
S02-C04X|Current||Dispensers - other|||
S02-C05|Current||Measuring volume, capacity; measuring-vessels|||Cup
S02-C06|Current||Level indicating|||Tank, fuel, depth, gauge, height
S02-C06A|Current||Level indicating - by floats|||Switch, magnet, reed
S02-C06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating by floats operating electrical switch or transducer|||
S02-C06A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating by floats operating switch|||
S02-C06A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating by floats operating transducer||Covers arrangements with proportional output, e.g. resistance wiper blade.|
S02-C06A5|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating - non-electric system|||
S02-C06B|Current||Level indicating - by measuring weight or pressure|||
S02-C06C|Current||Level indicating - by measuring variation of electrical properties of sensor||This code and its subdivisions are used for cases in which the substance being monitored directly modifies the electrical property concerned. See S02-C06A codes for float-operated systems.|Probe, electrode, resonance, oscillator
S02-C06C1|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating - by resistive system|||
S02-C06C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating - by resistive system combined with heater|||
S02-C06C3|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating - by capacitive system|||
S02-C06C9|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating - sensor properties (e.g. inductive) - other|||Inductance
S02-C06D|Current||Level indicating - using wave propagation effects|||Refraction, reflection, diffraction, interference
S02-C06D1|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating - using optical frequencies (em)|||Light, IR
S02-C06D3|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating - using sonic or ultrasonic radiation|||Echo
S02-C06D5|Current|(1992-    )|Level indicating - using radio frequencies (em)||For radar-type systems search with W06-A04H8.|Microwave, RF
S02-C06D9|Current|(1992-    )|Wave propagation level sensing - other|||
S02-C06X|Current||Other level indicating||Includes dip-sticks and observable marks or scales on transparent vessel. Also includes level indicating using measurement of temperature.|
S02-C07|Current||Testing, calibrating and compensation aspects of S02-C equipment|||
S02-D|Current||Weighing|||Scale, load, platform
S02-D01|Current||Weighing apparatus|||
S02-D01A|Current||Weighing apparatus - balances|||Beam, pan
S02-D01B|Current||Weighing apparatus using elastic materials|||Strain, gauge, spring, extension
S02-D01X|Current||Weighing apparatus details - other||Includes magnetic, electrostatic or fluid action balancing.|Liquid, hydraulic
S02-D02|Current||Weighing apparatus for special purposes|||
S02-D02A|Current||Weighing continuous stream of material||Includes measurement of weight of material e.g. on conveyer belt.|Flow, grain, granular, powder, fluid
S02-D02B|Current||Weighing batches|||Check, automatic discharge
S02-D02C|Current||Weighing sheets, wires, fluids, livestock, vehicles (e.g. aircraft), weighing during motion|||Platform, weighbridge
S02-D02D|Current|(1992-    )|Price-indicating balance||Includes weighing at point-of-sale (see also T05-L01 codes).|
S02-D02X|Current||Weighing apparatus for special purposes - other||Includes appts. for incorporation in vehicles and appts. for weighing people.|
S02-D03|Current||Indicating/recording weight|||Display, calculate, label, printer
S02-D07|Current|(2014-    )|Calibration, compensation and testing of weighing equipment||Includes monitoring details.|
S02-D09|Old|(1980-2013)|Weighing aspects - other||Includes compensation, calibration and testing of weighing equipment, as well as details of weighing appts, eg bearings, beams.|
S02-D09|Current|(2014-    )|Other weighing aspects||Includes details of weighing apparatus, e.g. bearings, beams. From 201401, calibration, compensation and testing details of weighing equipment are coded under S02-D07. |
S02-E|Current||Measurement of mechanical vibrations||Includes measurement of sound intensity.|
S02-E01|Current||Vibration measurement methods||Includes measuring reverberation time, propagation velocity, resonant frequency or sound impedance.|Acoustic, sound, transducer, speed
S02-E02|Current||Vibration detectors||Includes detectors in fluids, radiation-sensitive detectors; detecting capacitance or reluctance change.|Piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, optical, fibre-optic
S02-E09|Current||Measurement of mechanical vibrations - other|||
S02-F|Current||Measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power or efficiency, fluid pressure or vacuum|||
S02-F01|Current||Measuring force|||Load, thrust
S02-F01A|Current||Measuring force hydraulically/pneumatically; by deformation of gauges; by counter-balancing|||
S02-F01B|Current||Measuring force using variations in vibration freq., magnetic properties, capacitance/inductance|||Magnetostrictive, resonance, oscillator
S02-F01C|Current||Measuring force using electrical resistance strain gauges||Includes piezoresistive devices.|Load cell
S02-F01E|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring force - piezoelectric|S02-F01X||
S02-F01G|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring force - optical|S02-F01X||
S02-F01X|Current||Measuring force - other|||
S02-F02|Current||Measuring torque, work, mechanical power or efficiency|||Motor, engine, brake, dynamometer, generator
S02-F03|Current|(1980-    )|Applications and methods of measuring force|||
S02-F03A|Current|(1980-    )|Linear force, tension||Includes e.g. muscular force, ski binding release force, tension in ropes, belts etc.|
S02-F03B|Current|(1980-    )|Torque, mechanical power, work||Includes, e.g. axial thrust in shaft, vehicle power, several components of force, torque on nut, testing brakes, force applied to control members, e.g. brake pedal, steering input etc.|Torque wrench, robot, manipulator, brake pedal force, steering input
S02-F03X|Current|(1980-    )|Testing, compensation and calibration; other|||
S02-F04|Current||Measuring fluid pressure or vacuum|||Gas, air, liquid
S02-F04A|Current||Measuring pressure mechanically (using)|||
S02-F04A1|Current||Measuring pressure mechanically using flexible tube- or bellows type gauges|||Bourdon
S02-F04A2|Current||Measuring pressure mechanically using flexible diaphragm- or capsule type gauges|||Membrane, plate
S02-F04A9|Current||Measuring pressure mechanically (incl. Piston or liquid-column gauges) - other|||Manometer
S02-F04B|Current||Measuring pressure electrically/magnetically inc. electrical/magnetic indication of displacements|||Transducer
S02-F04B1|Current||Measuring pressure using potentiometers, strain gauges, piezo-resistances|||Resistor, extension
S02-F04B2|Current||Measuring pressure using piezoelectric devices; variations in inductance, capacitance, etc.|||Electrode, resonance, plate
S02-F04B3|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring pressure using semiconductor transducer||See also U12-B03E.|
S02-F04C|Current||Measuring pressure differences, several pressures, inflation pressures||Includes measurement of tyre pressure. See S02-F04E for remote indication and X22-E02 for on-board electric systems.|Differential, vehicle, remote
S02-F04C1|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring pressure differences|S02-F04C||
S02-F04C1A|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring inflation pressures|S02-F04C||
S02-F04C2|Current|(2005-    )|Blood pressure|S02-F04C||
S02-F04C3|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring several pressures|S02-F04C||
S02-F04C3A|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring partial pressures|S02-F04C|See also S03-E03 if achieved electrochemically.|
S02-F04D|Current||Vacuum gauges; measuring rapid changes in pressure; engine energy or work indicators|||
S02-F04D1|Current|(1997-    )|Vacuum gauges|S02-F04D|See also V05-K03 for ionisation pressure gauges, e.g. Penning gauges.|Pirani, Penning
S02-F04D3|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring rapid changes in pressure|S02-F04||
S02-F04D3A|Current|(1997-    )|Knock detection|S02-F04D|See also S02-J01A for IC engine testing and X22-A05A for IC engine pre-ignition detector. Includes knock detection by means other than using pressure measurement.|Misfire
S02-F04E|Current||Protection against overload or environment; temperature compensation|||
S02-F04F|Retired|(1980-2013)|Testing, calibration and compensation*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S02-F07 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. Does not include temperature compensation, see S02-F04E.|
S02-F04J|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring fluid pressure or vacuum using optical techniques|||Optical fibre, polarisation, birefringent
S02-F04X|Current||Pressure measurement - other|||
S02-F07|Current|(2014-    )|Calibration, compensation and testing||This code can be used together with other S02-F codes to highlight the type of equipment used, e.g. for measuring blood pressure (S02-F04C2). Details of temperature compensation of equipment measuring fluid pressure or vacuum are coded under S02-F04E only. |Monitoring
S02-G|Current||Measuring speed, acceleration or shock|||
S02-G01|Current||Measuring linear or angular speed|||Rotating, wheel, vehicle, shaft, speedometer
S02-G01A|Current||Measuring linear or angular speed optically||Includes angular velocity measurement using optical gyroscope.|Laser, light, gyro, beam, ring
S02-G01B|Current||Measuring linear or angular speed electrically or magnetically|||Generator, tacho, pulse, frequency
S02-G01B1|Current||Measuring angular speed||Does not include measurement of angular velocity using electric gyroscope; see S02-G01X.|
S02-G01B1A|Retired|(1992-2004)|Measuring angular speed with fixed sensor*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2004.|
S02-G01B1B|Retired|(1992-2004)|Measuring angular speed with moving sensor*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2004.|
S02-G01B2|Current|(2005-    )|Measuring linear velocity|||
S02-G01B9|Current||Other electrical or magnetic velocity measurement|||
S02-G01D|Current|(1997-    )|Measuring linear or angular speed using Doppler effect methods|S02-G01|See also W06-A04A2 (RF radar), W06-A05 (sonic/ultrasonic techniques) and W06-A06 (optical techniques). S02-G02X covers Doppler methods for measuring speed of fluids.|
S02-G01X|Current||Measuring linear or angular speed (incl. mechanically) - other||Includes determination of time to travel fixed distance and measurement of angular velocity using electric gyroscope.|Gyroscope, vibration, Coriolis
S02-G02|Current||Measuring speed of fluids, or bodies relative to fluids (by)|||Flow, gas, wind, anemometer, liquid
S02-G02A|Current||Measuring electric or thermal variable affected by the flow|||Heat, bridge, cooling, hot-wire
S02-G02B|Current||Measuring fluid force or pressure differences|||Pitot tube
S02-G02X|Current||Speed of fluids or bodies relative to fluids (incl. swirl flowmeter) - other|||Ultrasonic, Doppler, vortex, acoustic
S02-G03|Current||Measuring acceleration or shock|||Inertia, force, accelerometer
S02-G07|Current|(1992-    )|Calibration, compensation and testing|S02-G09||
S02-G07A|Current|(1992-    )|Calibration|||
S02-G07C|Current|(1992-    )|Compensation aspects|||
S02-G07E|Current|(1992-    )|Testing and monitoring|||
S02-G09|Current|(1980-    )|Apparatus details and other speed-related measurement aspects||Includes constructional details of measuring devices.|
S02-H|Current||Indicating/recording movement or direction of movement||Includes analysis of trajectories.|Range, motion analysis, golf swing
S02-J|Current||Testing machines, structures or apparatus|||Model, simulate
S02-J01|Current||Testing engines|||
S02-J01A|Current|(1983-    )|Testing IC engines|||Fuel-consumption, cylinder, pressure, injection, Diesel, valve, speed, knock
S02-J01A1|Current|(1997-    )|Testing IC engines for aircraft|S02-J01A|Includes piston engines.|
S02-J01C|Current|(1992-    )|Testing gas turbine engines|||
S02-J01C1|Current|(1997-    )|Testing gas turbine engines for aircraft|S01-J01C|Includes turbo-prop engines and ram jets. See W06-B01B5 for onboard testing of aircraft engines.|Bypass ratio, turbofan, compressor, afterburn
S02-J01E|Current|(1992-    )|Testing steam turbines||See X11-A01X for steam turbine testing where steam turbine is specifically for electricity generation.|
S02-J01F|Current|(2005-    )|Rocket motors and ion propulsion|S02-J01X||
S02-J01X|Current|(1992-    )|Testing engine types - other|||
S02-J02|Current||Testing vehicles||Includes all vehicle types: aerospace, automotive and locomotive, etc.|Wheel, track, roll, balance, transmission
S02-J02A|Current||Testing vehicle tyre performance, suspension, steering, wheels|||Surface, road, tread, hold, grip, angle, toe-in, shock absorber
S02-J02B|Current|(1992-    )|Testing vehicle braking|||
S02-J02E|Current|(1992-    )|Testing vehicle electrical system||See also S01-G01 for electrical test appts. See X22 codes for tests on vehicle electrical systems.|
S02-J02F|Current|(1992-    )|Vehicle crash/impact testing|||
S02-J02F1|Current|(1992-    )|Vehicle crash dummy|||Anthropomorphic
S02-J02X|Current|(1980-    )|Other vehicle tests (includes testing vehicle transmission)|||Alignment, body, clutch, gearbox
S02-J03|Current||Machine parts|||Friction, drag
S02-J03A|Current|(1983-    )|Gearing, transmission, bearings|||Shaft, tooth, torque, differential, ball race
S02-J03X|Current|(1992-    )|Machine parts - other|||
S02-J04|Current||Optical apparatus (also optical testing)|||Beam, image, reflect, pattern, scan, objective, focal-length, mirror
S02-J04A|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of optical apparatus|||
S02-J04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing optical fibre and other guide structures|||
S02-J04A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Testing optical fibre|S02-J04A1|See V07-J also.|
S02-J04A1C|Current|(1997-    )|Testing optical amplifiers|S02-J04A1|Includes optical fibre amplifiers. See also S01-D08B3 and V07-K01C.|
S02-J04A1X|Current|(1997-    )|Testing other guide structures|S02-J04A1||
S02-J04A3|Current|(1997-    )|Testing liquid crystals|S02-J04A9|See also U14-K01A8.|Nematic, cholesteric
S02-J04A3A|Current|(1997-    )|Testing LCDs|S02-J04A9|See also U11-F01F and/or U11-F01D and U14-K01A8.|
S02-J04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Testing and measuring lenses and lens systems|||
S02-J04A9|Current|(1992-    )|Testing other optical apparatus|||Prism, grating
S02-J04B|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of specific optical apparatus|||
S02-J04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Microscope|||
S02-J04B3|Current|(1992-    )|Fibrescopes and endoscopes||See also V07 codes for novel fibre-optic aspects. See also S05-D04 codes for medical applications, V07-N02 for optical fibre details and S06-B09 for photographic attachments. See W04-M01 for video camera equipment.|
S02-J04B3A|Current|(1997-    )|Fibrescope|S02-J04B3||
S02-J04B3C|Current|(1997-    )|Endoscope|S02-J04B3||
S02-J04B9|Current|(1992-    )|Optical apparatus - other|||
S02-J05|Current|(1980-    )|Investigating static or dynamic balance|||Rotor, rotating, motor, weight, bearing, moment of inertia and dynamic balance/unbalance sensor
S02-J06|Current||Investigating fluid-tightness|||Leak, pipe, seal, pressure, air-tight, gas, hermetic, vacuum
S02-J06A|Current||Investigating fluid-tightness by detecting leakage fluid|||
S02-J06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Investigating fluid-tightness by detecting leakage fluid electrically|||
S02-J06A3|Current|(1992-    )|Investigating fluid-tightness by acoustic or ultrasonic detection|||
S02-J06A5|Current|(1992-    )|Investigating fluid-tightness by detecting leakage fluid using tracer substance|||Radioactive, dye, fluorescent
S02-J06A7|Current|(2007-    )|Optical detection||Includes using camera, spectrometer. Prior to 2007, covered by S02-J06A9.|
S02-J06A9|Current|(1992-    )|Leakage fluid detection methods - other|||Liquid, bubble, submerged, immersion testing
S02-J06B|Current||Investigating fluid-tightness by measuring fluid loss/gain rate|||Flow rate, pressure drop
S02-J06X|Current||Fluid tightness investigation - other|||
S02-J07|Current||Aerodynamic or hydrodynamic testing||Electrical aspects of aircraft and ship testing are also coded in W06-B05 and W06-C05 respectively.|Flow, pressure, wind tunnel, aircraft, ship, tank, wave generator
S02-J08|Current||Vibration or shock testing of structures|||Impact, dynamic, oscillating
S02-J09|Current||Testing of machines, structures or apparatus - other||Includes testing during production, performance testing.|
S02-J10|Current|(1992-    )|Investigating elasticity of structures|S02-J09||Extension, strain, stress, Young's modulus
S02-K|Current||Indicating or recording [general]|||
S02-K01|Current||Apparatus indicating/recording function of variable, e.g. r.m.s., mean|||Integrate, meter, data analysis, plotting best straight line, form factor, statistical methods, standard deviation, median, average, mean, least squares, regression
S02-K02|Current||Apparatus with compensating correcting/protection features|||
S02-K02A|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus with compensation/correction for transducer characteristics||Includes linearising.|Linearity, law
S02-K02B|Current|(1992-    )|Compensation/correction for ambient variations||Includes compensation for variation of temperature.|Pressure
S02-K02B1|Current|(1997-    )|Apparatus with temperature compensation|S02-K02B||
S02-K02B3|Current|(1997-    )|Apparatus with pressure compensation|S02-K02B||
S02-K02B9|Current|(1997-    )|Apparatus with environmental compensations - other|S02-K02B||
S02-K02C|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus with protection features||Includes protection from overload, excess signal level, etc.|
S02-K02D|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus with noise reduction|||
S02-K02X|Current|(1992-    )|Aspects of compensation, correcting and protection - other|||
S02-K03|Current||Transferring or converting sensor output|||Transducer, encode, analogue-digital, A-D
S02-K03A|Current||Transferring or converting sensor output electrically or magnetically|||
S02-K03A1|Current||Influencing current/voltage capacitively or electrodynamically|||
S02-K03A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Influencing current/voltage electrodynamically|||Tachodynamo
S02-K03A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Influencing current/voltage capacitively|||
S02-K03A2|Current||Influencing current/voltage resistively or inductively|||
S02-K03A2A|Current|(1992-    )|Influencing current/voltage resistively|||Potentiometer
S02-K03A2C|Current|(1992-    )|Influencing current/voltage inductively|||LVDT, coil, movable armature
S02-K03A5|Current|(1992-    )|Transferring or converting sensor output using magnetic effects|S02-K03A9||
S02-K03A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Transferring or converting sensor output using magnetoresistance|||
S02-K03A5C|Current|(1992-    )|Transferring or converting sensor output using magnetostriction|||
S02-K03A5E|Current|(1992-    )|Transferring or converting sensor output using hall effect|||
S02-K03A5F|Current|(1997-    )|Transferring or converting sensor output using magneto-optical|S02-K03A, S02-K03B||
S02-K03A5X|Current|(1992-    )|Transferring or converting sensor output using magnetic effects - other|||
S02-K03A9|Current||Electrical or magnetic transfer - other|||
S02-K03B|Current||Transferring or converting sensor output optically|||Light, fibre, fibre-optic, reflect, beam, intensity, interferometer, laser
S02-K03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Transferring or converting sensor output using fibre optics||See also V07-K10 codes.|
S02-K03B9|Current|(1992-    )|Optical transference or conversion - other|||
S02-K03X|Current||Transferring or converting sensor output (incl. using fluid or mechanically)||Covers use of piezoelectric transducer.|Pressure
S02-K04|Current||Indicating measured values|||Alarm
S02-K04A|Current|(1992-    )|Audible indication of measured values|||
S02-K04C|Current|(1992-    )|Visible indication of measured values|||Display, LED, LCD
S02-K04D|Current|(2007-    )|Haptic indication||Prior to 2007, covered by S02-K04X. See W05-A01A1 for general haptic annunciators and alarms.|tactile feedback, vibrating indicator
S02-K04G|Current|(1992-    )|Indicating threshold value|||
S02-K04X|Current|(1992-    )|Measured value indication - other|||
S02-K05|Current||Recording measured values||Includes memory details, pen recorders, line printers etc. See T04-G for line printer details.|Plot, position, writing, print, mark, paper, platen, X-Y, graphical
S02-K06|Current|(1980-    )|Component parts of recording/indicating apparatus||Line printers are only included when specifically for printing measured values. See S06 codes for line printer details.|
S02-K06A|Current||Scales, dials, pointers|||Instrument, display, indicia, markings
S02-K06B|Current||Recording elements|||Print, ink, paper, mark
S02-K06B1|Current||Recording elements - electric, magnetic, heated, optical, perforating elements|||Electrode, beam, dot matrix, electrocardiogram
S02-K06B2|Current||Ink transfer recording elements|||
S02-K06X|Current||Component parts of recording/indicating apparatus - other||Includes vehicle dashboard instrumentation; see also X22-E codes.|
S02-K07|Current|(1992-    )|Testing, calibration and monitoring||S02-K07 codes are only applied when the instrument used is unclear. Otherwise, specific calibration/testing codes from the relevant S02-A to S02-G sections should be applied instead, such as S02-B10 for testing and calibration of surveying and navigation equipment.|
S02-K07A|Current|(2005-    )|Testing and monitoring|||
S02-K07B|Current|(2005-    )|Calibration|||
S02-K08|Current|(1992-    )|Remote reading; tariff metering|S02-K09||
S02-K08A|Current|(1992-    )|Remote reading||See also S02-K08B for remote reading of e.g. gas, water (S02-C02 codes also), or electricity meters (S01-B01 also), and W05-D codes, e.g. W05-D04A5 for radio link or W05-D07G if for vehicles, which cover telemetry in general.|
S02-K08B|Current|(1992-    )|Tariff metering apparatus|||
S02-K09|Old|(1980-2013)|Indicating or recording - other|||Monitoring
S02-K09|Current|(2014-    )|Other indicating or recording||From 201401, monitoring details are coded under S02-K07A. This code remains searchable and valid for monitoring details for records prior to 2014.|
S03|Current||Scientific instrumentation|||
S03-A|Current||Measuring optical radiation (IR, visible and UV)||See also S03-E04 for appts. having provision for investigating material sample. Measurement performed on laser beam is also coded in V08-A06. Includes black body radiation source.|
S03-A01|Current||Photometry|||
S03-A01A|Current||Photometry by comparison with reference light or electric value|||
S03-A01B|Current||Photometry using electric radiation detectors||See also U12-A02 codes.|bar code scanner, infrared detector
S03-A01B1|Current|(1997-    )|Photometry using photovoltaic detectors|S03-A01B|See also U12-A02A2 and X15-A02A codes.|Photodiode, bandgap, depletion region, space charge, solar cell
S03-A01B3|Current|(1997-    )|Photometry using capacitive detectors|S03-A01B|Includes ferroelectric devices. For discrete ferroelectric devices, see V01-B02B9. For integrated ferroelectric devices, see also U12 codes, e.g. U12-C02F for capacitor and U12-D02A7 for transistor.|
S03-A01B5|Current|(1997-    )|Photometry using photoresistive detectors|S03-A01B|See also U12-A02B1.|Photoconductive
S03-A01B7|Current|(1997-    )|Photometry using array of detectors|S03-A01B|See U13-A01X for focal plane array and W04-M01B5 for producing video image with optical radiation, and W04-M01E1A for producing video image with infrared radiation.|Mosaic
S03-A01B9|Current|(1997-    )|Electric radiation detectors - other|S03-A01B||PMT, photomultiplier
S03-A01X|Current||Photometry aspects - other||Includes measuring e.g. visually, chemically etc., also general details.|
S03-A02|Current||Spectrometry; colorimetry; polarimeters||See S03-E04 codes for more details.|Spectroscope
S03-A02A|Current||Generating spectrum e.g. by prism or diffraction grating; measuring line intensity|||Wavelength
S03-A02A1|Current|(1997-    )|Monochromators|S03-A02A||
S03-A02B|Current||Absorption, double-beam, flicker or Raman spectrometry|||
S03-A02C|Current||Colorimetry; polarimeters||See also S03-E04B5.|Colour, filter, polarise, Nessler tube, polarisation, birefringence, refractive index
S03-A02F|Current|(1997-    )|Interferometric spectrometers|S03-A02X|Includes Fourier Transform spectrometers, e.g. FTIR spectrometer. For novel aspects of the interferometer, see S02-A03A. See T01-J04B1 for novel computing aspects of the Fourier Transform.|Golay detector
S03-A02X|Current||Spectral measurements - other||Includes atomic emission spectrometers (See also S03-E04D3) and spectroradiometers.|
S03-A03|Current||Pyrometry and IR temperature measurement|||Infrared, temperature, pyrometer, pyroelectric, heat-sensing, remote, bolometer, actinometer
S03-A04|Current|(1997-    )|Cooling arrangements for optical instruments|S01-J02|Covers all devices within the context of S03-A and S03-E04. Covers cooling arrangements for IR detectors. See S01-J02 for cooling arrangements for other measuring instruments.|Dewar
S03-A05|Current|(1992-    )|Calibration/testing of optical instruments and compensation aspects|S02-K02, S02-K09||
S03-A05A|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of optical instruments|||
S03-A05C|Current|(1992-    )|Calibration of optical instruments|||
S03-A05E|Current|(1992-    )|Compensation aspects of optical instruments|||
S03-A09|Current||Optical measurements - other||Measuring optical phase difference, degree of coherence, optical wavelength, velocity of light.|Interferometer, phase
S03-B|Current||Thermometers and calorimeters||Covers temperature and heat quantity measurements.|
S03-B01|Current||Thermometers||Medical thermometers with electrical content are also coded in S05-D01E.|Fuse, catalyst
S03-B01A|Current||Thermoelectric thermometers|||Thermocouple, junction, Seebeck
S03-B01B|Current||Linear resistance e.g. platinum resistance thermometer|||Resistor, film, wire
S03-B01C|Current|(1980-    )|Other electric/magnetic type||Includes e.g. using semiconductor pn junction, crystal resonator frequency, thermal noise of resistance or conductor. Also includes measurement by unspecified electric transducer. |Thermo-electromotive
S03-B01D|Current||Integrating or differentiating expansion or contraction e.g. mercury thermometer|||Bimetal, alcohol, maximum-minimum
S03-B01E|Current||Adaptations and novel measurement for specific purposes||Includes novel measurement of temperature where sensor is of unspecified type or unimportant.|
S03-B01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Thermometers adaptations for aggressive environments|||
S03-B01E9|Current|(1992-    )|Thermometers adaptations for specific purposes - other|||
S03-B01F|Current|(1983-    )|Thermistors||Thermistors per se are also coded in V01-A02A.|Resistor, PTC, NTC, positive, negative, temperature coefficient
S03-B01G|Current|(1992-    )|Optical thermometers|S03-B01X|Covers aspects where there is modification of some optical property, eg polarisation state or refractive index. Thermometers using colour changes, e.g. of liquid crystals or chemical indicators, are covered by S03-B01X. Pyrometry is covered by S03-A03.|Fibre-optic
S03-B01H|Current|(1992-    )|Thermometers - testing, calibrating and compensation|S03-B01X||
S03-B01H1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of thermometers|||
S03-B01H3|Current|(1992-    )|Calibration of thermometers|||
S03-B01H5|Current|(1992-    )|Compensation aspects of thermometers|||
S03-B01K|Old|(1992-2014)|Display of temperature|S02-K04, S03-B01||
S03-B01K|Current|(2015-    )|Display of temperature|S02-K04, S03-B01|Includes recording of temperature. See also S02-K04 See also S03-B01.|Display, LED, LCD, record
S03-B01X|Current||Thermometers - other||Includes e.g. casings, measuring temp. using acoustic effect or colour change of liquid crystal/chemical indicator.|Ultrasonic, thermochromic
S03-B02|Current||Calorimeters||Heat quantity measurement. Includes electrical measurement for domestic heating system - also X27-E01A. Also includes calibration, testing and compensation of calorimeters. Calorimetry for investigation of sample properties is coded in S03-E01C.|Flow, thermal flux
S03-C|Current||Geophysics||Includes non-geophysical applications such as detecting presence of objects, e.g. using light barrier (S03-C08). (See also S03-C06). Well logging apparatus with electrical content is also coded in X25-E02.|
S03-C01|Current||Seismology, seismic/acoustic prospecting|||Seismic, exploration, log, prospecting, reflect, surveying, oil, gas
S03-C01A|Current||Generating seismic waves|||Vibration, piston, generator, hydraulic, shear, explosive charge, pneumatic cannon
S03-C01B|Current||Detecting, transmission, or recording of seismic signals||Also includes transmitting seismic signals to recording apparatus (see also W05-D codes, e.g. mud pulse telemetry W05-D06M1). Towed hydrophone arrays are covered by S03-C01C1.|Geophone
S03-C01C|Current||Seismology for water-covered areas; for well logging|||
S03-C01C1|Current|(1983-    )|Seismology for water-covered areas|||Marine, streamer, tow, hydrophone
S03-C01C5|Current|(1983-    )|Seismology for well-logging|||Borehole, formation, downhole
S03-C01X|Current||Seismology, seismic/acoustic prospecting (incl. processing seismic data) - other|||
S03-C02|Current||Electric, magnetic, em prospecting, measuring earth's magnetic field||Well-logging appts. is coded under respective prospecting type.|
S03-C02A|Current|(1983-    )|With electric current|||Electrode, probe, resistor
S03-C02B|Current|(1983-    )|With magnetic/electric field||Includes measuring Earth's magnetic field and proximity sensors. For weapon detection at airports, see also S03-C06 and W06-B02A1.|Coil, resonance, oscillator, pipe-finder, metal detector, magnetotelluric, terrestrial
S03-C02F|Current|(1997-    )|Using quantised spin properties|S03-C02X||
S03-C02F1|Current|(1997-    )|Using NMR|S03-C02X|For NMR details per se, see S01-E02A1 and S03-E07C.|
S03-C02F3|Current|(1997-    )|Using MRI|S03-C02X|For MRI per se, see S01-E02A2 and S03-E07A.|
S03-C02F5|Current|(1997-    )|Using nuclear quadrupole resonance|S03-C02X||NQR
S03-C02F9|Current|(1997-    )|Using other quantised spin properties phenomena|S03-C02X||ESR, EPR
S03-C02X|Current|(1983-    )|Electromagnetic prospecting methods - other|||Antenna, borehole, RF, microwave
S03-C03|Current||Prospecting using nuclear radiation|||Gamma, neutron, x-ray
S03-C04|Current||Gravimetric or other prospecting; measuring gravitational field/waves|||Gravity
S03-C04A|Current|(1997-    )|Optical prospecting|S03-C04|Includes thermal prospecting. Does NOT include light barriers (see S03-C08 codes).|Thermal
S03-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Geophysical natural disaster prediction and detection|S03-C09|Includes e.g. earthquake, volcano and landslide prediction and detection techniques. See also S03-C01 codes for seismic detection apparatus per se. See W05-B08 codes for natural disaster alarm systems.|
S03-C06|Current|(1997-    )|Detecting presence of person or object||This code is used to differentiate between prospecting and presence detection and is technology non-specific. It will thus almost always be combined with another (usually S03-C) code: e.g. detecting presence of contraband using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance would be coded as S03-C02F1 and S03-C06. Includes also baggage inspection at airport (See also W06-B02A5) and pipeline detection (see also X25-Y02). See W05-B and W05-C for alarms in general.|Drugs, Narcotics, Explosives
S03-C07|Current|(2005-    )|For non-seismic well-logging or open water prospecting||These codes are used to differentiate between well-logging, open water prospecting or presence detection and are technology non-specific. Thus, they will almost always be combined with other (usually S03-C) codes. For seismic well-logging or open water prospecting, see S03-C01C codes.|
S03-C07A|Current|(2005-    )|Non-seismic well-logging|||
S03-C07B|Current|(2005-    )|Non-seismic open water surveying|||
S03-C08|Current|(1992-    )|Light barriers|S03-C09|Packaged semiconductor light transmitting and receiving devices for light barriers are coded in U12-A02C2. Optical intruder detection is covered by W05-B01C2 codes.|Machine-operator protection
S03-C08A|Current|(1992-    )|Light barriers - construction details|||
S03-C08C|Current|(1992-    )|Light barriers - circuitry|||
S03-C09|Current||Geophysics - other||Includes mechanical well diameter measurement.|
S03-C10|Current|(1997-    )|Testing, calibrating and compensation aspects of geophysics devices|S03-C09|Includes testing of geophones. For geophones per se, see S03-C01B codes.|
S03-D|Current||Meteorology||Includes weather houses, sunshine duration measurement, rainfall or precipitation gauges, windspeed.|Atmosphere, pollution, pressure, precipitation, rain, satellite, balloon, probe, ionospheric sounding
S03-D01|Current|(1992-    )|Wind speed and direction gauges||See also S02-G02 for anemometer details.|
S03-D02|Current|(1992-    )|Detection of precipitation; Air humidity measurements|||
S03-D02A|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring rainfall|||Precipitation, gauge
S03-D02B|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting presence of rain, snow, ice or fog||Smog measurements are coded under S03-D06 only.|
S03-D02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting presence of rain, snow or ice for non-meteorological application||Includes detection for automatic actuation of vehicle windscreen wipers (See also X22-J01).|
S03-D02C|Current|(2016-    )|Air humidity measurements||See also S03-F09A.|
S03-D03|Current|(1992-    )|Atmospheric pressure measurements||Fluid pressure measurements are covered by S02-F04 codes.|
S03-D04|Current|(1992-    )|Air temperature measurements||Thermometers are covered by S03-B01 codes.|
S03-D05|Current|(1992-    )|Weather prediction systems, weather forecasting||Includes weather satellite and weather radar systems. See W06-A04H2 for weather radar,|
S03-D06|Current|(1992-    )|Pollution, fall-out measurements||Includes all environmental pollution measurement, e.g. marine, fresh water, air, soil, etc. For air quality per se, see S03-E14N codes.|Smog
S03-D09|Current|(1992-    )|Meteorology - other||Includes detection of atmospheric measurements for non-meteorological applications, and meteorological data processing. Also includes lightning strike detectors.|
S03-E|Current||Investigating physical or chemicals properties of materials: methods and apparatus||Electrical appts. for medical purposes is also coded in S05-C if in vitro or S05-D if in vivo. Electrical exhaust sensors for internal combustion engines are also coded in X22-A05B.|
S03-E01|Current||Thermal (by investigating)|||
S03-E01A|Current||Changes of state or phase; sintering; coefft. of expansion: thermal conductivity||Using melting or boiling points, distillation, sublimation, expansion, thermal conductivity.|
S03-E01B|Current||Moisture content; flash-point, explosibility; presence of flaws||Includes e.g. psychrometry, dew point, humidity, hygrometry|
S03-E01B1|Current|(1997-    )|Thermal cycling|S03-E01B|Includes thermal test chambers for PCBs and integrated circuits. See also V04-R06 codes for PCB testing and U11-F01G for burn-in testing of integrated circuits. Includes thermal cycling of test pieces, such as might be carried out in a metallurgy laboratory. If the material under test is subjected, additionally, to a load, see also S03-F02B for time varying load and S03-F02C for fixed load.|Temperature excursion, PCB, semiconductor device, integrated circuit, coupon
S03-E01B3|Current|(1997-    )|Flaw detection|S03-E01B|Includes detection of flaws using infra-red radiation. For flaw detection using visible or ultraviolet radiation, see S03-E04F2.|defect
S03-E01C|Current||Calorimetry||Includes e.g. combustion. Calorimeters per se are in S03-B02.|
S03-E01E|Current|(1992-    )|Emissivity determination and differential thermal analysis||Includes acoustic thermography. For detecting flaws, see also S03-E01B3.|
S03-E01X|Current||Thermal (by investigating) - other|||
S03-E02|Current||Electrical (by investigation)|||Moist, liquid, flow, humidity
S03-E02A|Current||Resistance of solid absorbing or reacting with fluid||Includes e.g. semiconductor gas sensor.|Oxide, metal, film, moist, humidity, resistor, bridge, oxygen, semiconductor
S03-E02B|Current||Resistance of liquid or electrically heated body in material|||Catalyst
S03-E02C|Current||Capacitance|||Dielectric
S03-E02C1|Current|(1997-    )|Moisture detection|S03-E02C||
S03-E02C3|Current|(1997-    )|Flaw or contamination detection|S03-E02C||
S03-E02C5|Current|(1997-    )|Capacitance spectroscopy|S03-E02C|Includes Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy, TSCAP and Admittance Spectroscopy. For measurements on semiconductor materials, see U11-F01A codes. For measurements on devices, see U11-F01C codes.|DLTS, deep level, impurity, trap, lifetime
S03-E02D|Current|(1992-    )|Impedance|||
S03-E02F|Current|(1992-    )|Using tunnel current and analogous effects|S03-E02X|Includes all scanning probe microscope types and all adaptations for measurement, e.g. measurement of electric or magnetic fields, photon excitation, capacitance and ionic conductance, in addition to other relevant instrumentation codes.|
S03-E02F1|Current|(1997-    )|Scanning tunnelling microscopes|S03-E02F||STM
S03-E02F3|Current|(1997-    )|Atomic force microscopes|S03-E02F||AFM
S03-E02X|Current||Electrical (by investigation) - other||Includes e.g. measuring Q-factor change on oscillating piezoelectric crystal resonator caused by deposition (see also S03-E12), investigating breakdown voltage (see also S01-G03), electrostatics.|
S03-E03|Current||Electrochemical||For ion sensor FET see U12-D02A also.|Chemical
S03-E03A|Current||Measuring deposition or liberation from electrolyte e.g. coulometric titration|||Electrolytic, coulometer, titration, Karl Fischer
S03-E03B|Current||Measuring currents/voltages in voltaic cells|||
S03-E03B1|Current||Due to effects at electrodes; e.g. potentiometric titration||Includes vehicle lambda probes.|Fuel, air, engine, exhaust
S03-E03B2|Current||Due to effects in the electrolyte; concentration cells||Includes electrochemical pH sensors. See also S03-F10. For non-electrochemical pH detection, see relevant S03-E04 and E09 codes, as well as S03-F10.|pH sensor
S03-E03B9|Current||Electrochemical - other|||
S03-E03C|Current||Containers, electrodes, membranes, partitions||Includes CHEMFETS, ISFETs and integrated circuits using these transducers (also coded in U12-D02A and U12-B03E for discrete devices, and U13-D02 for integrated circuit structure). Also includes electrolyte.|
S03-E03C1|Current|(1997-    )|Biosensors|S03-E03C|See also S03-E14H codes.|Membrane
S03-E03E|Current|(1992-    )|Electrophoresis|S03-E03X|Includes isoelectronic focussing. For detectors to identify substances separated by electrophoresis, see S03-E09C7 codes.|Separation, gel, macromolecular, protein
S03-E03X|Current||Electrochemical - other||Prior to 2005, included non-electrochemical pH measurement. After 2005, see S03-F10 only.|
S03-E04|Current||Optical (by investigating)||See also S03-A02 codes.|Photometer, light, centrifuge
S03-E04A|Current||Colour; spectral properties|||Spectroscope, colour
S03-E04A1|Current||Using photoelectric detection|||
S03-E04A4|Current|(1992-    )|Measurement using radiation at two wavelengths||Includes measurement of blood oxygen content using catheter (S05-D01G).|
S03-E04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Wavelength dependent absorption|S03-E04A9|Includes atomic absorption spectrometers. See also S03-A02 codes.|
S03-E04A5A|Current|(1992-    )|With light modulation||Includes photoacoustic absorption spectroscopy.|PAS
S03-E04A5B|Current|(1997-    )|Infrared spectroscopy|S03-E04A5||
S03-E04A5E|Current|(1997-    )|Visible/ultraviolet spectroscopy|S03-E04A5||UV, electronic transition, Hund's rules
S03-E04A5G|Current|(1997-    )|Gaseous phase|S03-E04A5|Gaseous phase refers to the phase to which the radiation is applied. Includes, therefore, atomic absorption spectrometers. This code will nearly always be combined with at least one other|
S03-E04A5L|Current|(1997-    )|Liquid phase|S03-E04A5|Liquid phase refers to the phase to which the radiation is applied. This code will nearly always be combined with at least one other S03-E04A5 code.|
S03-E04A5S|Current|(1997-    )|Solid phase|S03-E04A5|Solid phase refers to the phase to which the radiation is applied. Includes Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy. This code will nearly always be combined with at least one other S03-E04A5 code.|ATR
S03-E04A9|Current||Spectral properties - other|||
S03-E04B|Current||Reflection, refraction, transmission; dichroism; phase- or polarisation affecting properties|||
S03-E04B1|Current||Transmission; specular reflectivity|||
S03-E04B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission||Includes non-dispersive gas analysis. Includes measurement by splitting light source into two paths, one for reference/control, one for test sample, and measuring relative absorption.|Turbidity, densitometer
S03-E04B1B|Current|(1992-    )|Specular reflectivity|||Reflectance
S03-E04B5|Current|(1983-    )|Refraction; phase; interference; dichroism; polarisation; diffraction|||Polarise, refractometer, interferometer, ellipsometer, measuring refractive index
S03-E04B5A|Current|(2005-    )|Surface plasmon resonance|S03-E04B5||
S03-E04C|Current||Scattering, diffuse reflection||Includes Rayleigh and Tyndall scattering. Also includes Optical Time Domain Reflectrometry (from 1992; previously coded in S03-E04B1).|OTDR
S03-E04C1|Current||In moving fluid; e.g. smoke detection||See W05-B02A1 also for smoke detecting fire alarm using scattering effects.|Suspension, particle, fire alarm, turbidity
S03-E04C2|Current||In material in container|||
S03-E04C3|Current|(1997-    )|Optical computerised tomography|||OCT, optical coherence tomography
S03-E04D|Current||Optical, electrical, mechanical or thermal excitation|||Fluorescent, atomise, plasma, flame, photothermal, phosphorescence
S03-E04D1|Current|(1992-    )|Raman scattering|||
S03-E04D3|Current|(1997-    )|Atomic emission spectrometer|S03-E04D||
S03-E04D3A|Current|(1997-    )|Inductively coupled|S03-E04D||
S03-E04E|Current||Chemiluminescence; bioluminescence; observing effect on chemical indicator|||React, luminescent, reagent
S03-E04F|Current||Jewels; detecting flaws or contamination||See also under application and in T04-D for automated visual inspection techniques. For systems using IR detection of thermal images S03-E01B takes precedence.|Inspect, reflect, semiconductor, mask, pcb, printed circuit board, recognition, visual, comparison
S03-E04F1|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting contamination or impurities|||
S03-E04F2|Current|(1992-    )|Flaw detection|||
S03-E04F3|Current|(1992-    )|Optical examination of jewels|||Gem, cut, facet
S03-E04G|Current||Moving sheets|||Paper, newspaper
S03-E04H|Current||Moving fluids or granular solids|||
S03-E04J|Current|(1997-    )|On-line measurements||Covers arrangements for use in a production line/manufacturing environment (see also X25 codes). S03-E04J will nearly always be combined with at least one other S03-E04 code.|
S03-E04P|Current|(1992-    )|Calibration/compensation/testing of optical measurement system|S02-K02, S02-K09||
S03-E04R|Current|(1992-    )|Optical microscopy|S03-E04X|See also S02-J04B1 for microscope appts.|
S03-E04R1|Current|(2006-    )|Confocal Microscopy||Includes laser scanning microscopy. See also S03-E04D/E04E if used with fluorescent staining methods.|
S03-E04T|Current|(1997-    )|Using Fourier analysis||Includes use of Fast Fourier Transform (see also T01-J04B). This code will nearly always be combined with at least one other S03-E04 code.|FFT
S03-E04X|Current||Optical (by investigating) - other||Includes cuvettes, automatic optical analysis apparatus (with S03-E15 codes), forming picture using TV camera.|
S03-E05|Current|(1980-    )|Using microwaves and other radio frequency waves||This code covers methods and apparatus for investigating physical or chemical properties of materials by means of microwaves and other radio waves, including microwave spectrometry and general terahertz radiation investigation. (TeraHertz imaging is covered by S03-E05E). For investigation using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves see S03-E04 codes (optical) and S03-E06 codes (X-rays, neutrons, electrons, etc.). Investigating properties using electric and magnetic fields are covered by S03-E02 codes and S03-E11 codes respectively, and use of spin effects by S03-E07 codes.|Dipole moment, loss factor, moment of inertia, gas phase, radio frequency, RF, waveguide
S03-E05A|Current|(1997-    )|Moisture detection|S03-E05||
S03-E05C|Current|(1997-    )|Flaw detection|S03-E05||Defect
S03-E05E|Current|(2005-    )|Terahertz radiation imaging|S03-E05||
S03-E06|Current||Using e.g. X-rays, neutrons, electrons||Includes use of ionizing or particle radiation for determining properties of a sample, e.g. patient x-ray diagnosis or scanning electron microscopy. For measurement of ionizing radiation intensity per se (x-ray, gamma ray, alpha, beta etc.), particle behaviour or electron beam current density, see S03-G codes.|Tube, beam, radiate, radioactive
S03-E06A|Current||Measuring absorption|||
S03-E06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Flaw detection|||
S03-E06A3|Current|(1997-    )|Moisture detection|S03-E06||
S03-E06B|Current||Forming picture|||Scan, tomography, scintillation, display, phosphor, stimulable sheet
S03-E06B1|Current|(1992-    )|Microscopes||See also V05-F codes for electron, ion and X-ray microscopes. Prior to 2005, included tunnelling microscopes - now only coded in S03-E02F codes.|SEM, TEM, STEM
S03-E06B3|Current|(1992-    )|Electronic imaging||Includes use of e.g. video camera systems responsive to radiation, and stimulable-sheet phosphor imaging (see also S05-D02A5C for medical X-ray stimulable-sheet system and S06-K codes for aspects analogous to facsimile, especially S06-K99G). |
S03-E06B3A|Current|(2005-    )|Computer tomography|||
S03-E06B5|Current|(1992-    )|Photographic recording|||
S03-E06B9|Current|(1992-    )|Image-forming methods - other|||
S03-E06C|Current||Diffracting, reflecting, scattering e.g. back-scattering radiation|||Crystal structure, Compton
S03-E06C1|Current|(1992-    )|Flaw detection|||
S03-E06D|Current||By measuring secondary emission, e.g. X-ray fluorescence||Does not include fluoroscopy.|Auger electrons, photoelectric effect, x-ray spectrometer
S03-E06D1|Current|(2005-    )|Flaw detection|||
S03-E06H|Current|(1992-    )|Details of apparatus|||
S03-E06H1|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation source||Includes control, e.g. source intensity control, dosage etc. For source positioning see S03-E06H4.|
S03-E06H2|Current|(2006-    )|Detector positioning||See S03-E06H5 codes for novel detection system per se.|
S03-E06H3|Current|(1992-    )|Specimen positioning|||
S03-E06H4|Current|(2005-    )|Source positioning|||
S03-E06H5|Current|(1992-    )|Detection system||Includes e.g. cassettes.|
S03-E06H5A|Current|(2005-    )|Semiconductor detectors||For measurement of ionizing radiation intensity using semiconductor detectors, see S03-G02B2G.|
S03-E06H5B|Current|(2005-    )|Scintillation detectors||For measurement of ionizing radiation intensity using scintillation detectors see S03-G02B1.|
S03-E06H5C|Current|(2005-    )|Stimulable sheet phosphors||For novel stimulable sheet phosphors per se, see V05-M01C1. For novel stimulable phosphor read-out systems, see S06-K99G and other S06-K codes as appropriate.|
S03-E06H5D|Current|(2005-    )|Video systems||For novel X-ray video systems per se, see W04-M codes.|
S03-E06H7|Current|(1992-    )|Shielding, protection|||
S03-E06H9|Current|(1992-    )|Appts. details - other|||
S03-E06X|Current|(1980-    )|Other uses of X-rays, neutrons and electrons||Includes contrast agents for X-rays.|Contrast media
S03-E07|Current|(1980-    )|NMR, EPR or other spin effects||See S01-E02A codes. S03-C02F is used when the purpose is prospecting, together with S03-C06 if for contraband or intruder detection. For static and gradient field coils, see also X12-C and V02-F01G respectively and for coils in general see S01-E02A8A. For medical apparatus, see also S05-D02B codes.|Spin echo, tomography, axis
S03-E07A|Current|(1992-    )|MRI||See also S01-E02A2 codes. Contrast agents are coded in S03-E09X also.|
S03-E07C|Current|(1997-    )|NMR|S03-E07|Includes NMR spectroscopy. See also S01-E02A1 codes.|Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
S03-E07E|Current|(1997-    )|ESR/EPR|S03-E07|See also S01-E02A4.|Electron spin resonance, paramagnetic, klystron
S03-E07G|Current|(1997-    )|Nuclear quadrupole resonance|S03-E07|See also S01-E02A3. For contraband detection, see also S03-C02F5, and S03-C06 codes.|NQR
S03-E07X|Current|(1997-    )|Quantised spin measurements - other|S03-E07|See also S01-E02A9.|Cyclotron resonance
S03-E08|Current|(1980-    )|Using sonic or ultrasonic vibrations||Includes vibrations which may be induced acoustically, thermally, optically, magnetically etc., but detected using acoustic apparatus. For photo-acoustic spectroscopy where optical radiation is detected, see S03-E04A5A. For ultrasound generating transducers, see V06-V01N. For ultrasound "measurement" transducers, see V06-V04G codes. See S02-A05B codes for acoustic dimension measurement. For medical imaging see also S05-D03 codes and V06-V04K for transducers for specifically medical use.|Transducer, piezoelectric
S03-E08A|Current|(1980-    )|Flaw detection||Includes acoustic emission techniques, e.g. where a material is subjected to a mechanical stress and the acoustic output detected by a microphone. See S03-F02B and S03-F02C for tensile testing per se.|Crack, inspect, material, pipe, weld, nondestructive testing
S03-E08C|Current|(1992-    )|Specific property||Covers investigation of a specific physical property by measurement of sonic or ultrasonic vibration. Includes e.g. analysing fluids; measuring attenuation, speed, density, frequency spectrum to characterise medium.|
S03-E08E|Current|(1997-    )|Imaging|S03-E08, S03-E08A|E.g. using visualisation of interior, using Barkhausen effect.|
S03-E08G|Current|(1992-    )|Acoustic microscopes||Covers acoustic microscopes per se.|
S03-E08X|Current|(1980-    )|Other sonic and ultrasonic measurements||Includes construction details of ultrasonic equipment, e.g. probes and arrangements for orientation - see also V06. Measuring deposition on crystal resonator using variation in Q-factor or impedance is not included - see S03-E02X. Includes contrast agents.|Contrast media, UCA
S03-E09|Current|(1980-    )|Chemical methods|||
S03-E09A|Current|(1980-    )|Precipitation; absorption, adsorption|||
S03-E09B|Current|(1980-    )|Ion-exchange; catalysis; combustion|||Catalyst
S03-E09C|Current|(1980-    )|By chromatography e.g. column, plate|||Gel, injection, flow, needle, capillary, vaporise
S03-E09C1|Current|(1983-    )|Gas chromatography|||
S03-E09C3|Current|(1992-    )|Thin layer chromatography|||
S03-E09C5|Current|(1983-    )|Liq. And ion exchange chromatography|||
S03-E09C7|Old|(1997-2005)|Chromatography detectors|S03-E09C|Electrophoresis per se is covered in S03-E03E.|
S03-E09C7|Current|(2006-    )|Chromatography and electrophoresis detectors|S03-E09C|From 2006, this code covers detectors to identify substances separated by electrophoresis. Electrophoresis per se is covered in S03-E03E.|
S03-E09C7A|Current|(1997-    )|Optical|S03-A01B, S03-E09C|See also S03-A01B codes.|
S03-E09C7B|Current|(1997-    )|Mass spectrometric|S03-E09C, S03-E10A|For mass spectrometers, see S03-E10A and V05-J01 codes.|GCMS
S03-E09C7C|Current|(1997-    )|Thermal conductivity|S03-E01A, S03-E09C|For thermal conductivity measurements per se, see S03-E01A.|Katharometer
S03-E09C7D|Current|(1997-    )|Ionisation|S03-E09C|Includes flame ionisation and photo-ionisation detectors.|
S03-E09C7E|Current|(1997-    )|Electron capture|S03-E03, S03-E09C||
S03-E09C7F|Current|(1997-    )|Electrochemical|S03-E09C|For electrochemical sensors generally see S03-E03 codes.|
S03-E09C7X|Current|(1997-    )|Chromatography detectors - other|S03-E09C||
S03-E09D|Current||Titration, micro-analysis|||Karl Fischer, sample, end-point
S03-E09E|Current||Chemical indicators|||Reagent, strip, colour, chart, compare
S03-E09F|Current|(2005-    )|Immunoassay techniques and biological indicators||Includes all novel reagents and techniques. See also S03-E04D and S03-E04E for fluorescence detection and observation techniques. For radiopharmaceutical immunoassay indicators, see also S03-G02B9.|Antibody, assay, antigen, binding, ligand, fluorophore, monoclonal, conjugate
S03-E09X|Current||Chemical methods - other||Includes contrast agents for MRI (see S03-E07A also).|
S03-E10|Current||Investigating ionisation of gases or electric discharges|||
S03-E10A|Current|(1992-    )|For mass spectrometer or spectrograph||See also V05-J01 codes.|Ionise, smoke detector
S03-E10A1|Current|(1997-    )|Using magnetic sectors|S03-E10A||
S03-E10A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Double focussing mass spectrometers|S03-E10A||Nier-Johnson, Mattauch-Herzog
S03-E10A2|Current|(1997-    )|Tandem mass spectrometers|S03-E10A||MS/MS, GCMS
S03-E10A3|Current|(1997-    )|Time of flight mass spectrometers|S03-E01A|Includes e.g. ion mobility spectrometers. Also includes Coaxial Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectrometer.|TOF, GCMS, CAICISS
S03-E10A4|Current|(1997-    )|Secondary ion mass spectrometers|S03-E10A|Includes spark source mass spectrometry and ion scattering spectrometry. For ESCA, Auger spectroscopy, electron microprobe see S03-E06D; for low energy electron diffraction, see S03-E06C.|SIMS, duoplasmatron, SSMS, ISS
S03-E10A5|Current|(1997-    )|Quadrupole mass analysers|S03-E10A|Includes ion trap mass spectrometers.|GCMS
S03-E10A6|Current|(1997-    )|Inductively coupled mass spectrometers|S03-E10A||ICP
S03-E10A7|Current|(1997-    )|Ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers|S03-E10A|Includes Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometers.|ICR, FTMS
S03-E10A8|Current|(2002-    )|MALDI/SELDI mass spectrometry|S03-E10A|For mass spectrometers with matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation source. See V05-J01E for novel ionising arrangements.|Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation, surface enhanced laser desorption ionisation
S03-E10B|Current|(2005-    )|Energy spectrometers|||
S03-E10C|Current|(1992-    )|Investigating discharges per se||Includes, e.g. plasma processing endpoint detection through plasma colour change.|
S03-E11|Current||Investigating magnetic variables|||Flux, Hall, diamagnetic, paramagnetic
S03-E11A|Current|(1983-    )|Flaw detection (incl. eddy current)|||Surface, inspect, fault, crack, weld, nondestructive testing
S03-E11C|Current|(1992-    )|Specific property||Covers measurement of a specific physical property using investigation of magnetic variables, e.g. using saturation of remanence to investigate mechanical hardness (mechanical testing of hardness in general is covered by S03-F02A).|
S03-E11C1|Current|(1997-    )|Contamination detection|||Debris
S03-E11X|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic variable investigation - other|||
S03-E12|Current||Analysing by weighing; by measuring pressure/volume of gas|||Balance, vapour pressure, gas sorption, adsorption, absorption
S03-E12A|Current|(1992-    )|By analysing weight/by weighing||Includes gravimetric analysis.|
S03-E12B|Current|(1992-    )|Specific weight determination|||
S03-E12C|Current|(2005-    )|By measuring pressure/volume of gas|S03-E12||
S03-E13|Current||Sampling; specimen preparation|||
S03-E13A|Current||Sampling solids|||Microtome, cut, slide
S03-E13B|Current||Sampling liquid or fluent material||Also includes sampling of granular solids, e.g. sand, flour, salt etc.|Flow, sand, flour, water, liquid
S03-E13B1|Current||Dippers, dredgers, suction or ejector devices|||Pipette
S03-E13B2|Current||Intake at several levels; splitting samples; flowing or falling material samples|||
S03-E13B9|Current||Sampling liquid or fluent material - other||Includes sampling of suspensions from liquids, gases or other fluent materials, e.g. exhaust gas particulate sampling.|Aerosol
S03-E13C|Current||Sampling gases|||
S03-E13D|Current||Preparing specimens for investigation|||Centrifuge, filter, separate, freeze
S03-E13D1|Current|(1992-    )|For automatic analysers||See S03-E15 codes also. Includes preparation of many samples from one original which will be subjected to different test procedures.|
S03-E13F|Current|(2006-    )|Sample holders, carriers or storage systems||Includes e.g. microscope slides, sample refrigerators, cuvettes, novel instrumentation-type glassware, e.g. test tube, petri dish. Note that general laboratory glassware is not included.|
S03-E14|Current||Investigation methods (for)||Codes in this section are used when testing methods or appts. are specifically intended for investigation of the material or substance concerned. Depending on the scope of the invention, codes for a specific testing method may also be assigned.|
S03-E14A|Current||Food, Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics|||
S03-E14A1|Current|(1992-    )|Investigation methods for drugs, medicines, pharmaceuticals||Electrical aspects of pharmaceuticals manufacture are covered by X25-P02. See also S05-C05.|Capsule, tablet
S03-E14A2|Current|(2005-    )|Food and drink|||Milk, meat, tobacco, alcohol
S03-E14A3|Current|(2005-    )|Cosmetics|||
S03-E14B|Current||Investigation methods for water||See X25-H03 for electrical aspects of water and sewage treatment.|Sea, waste, effluent, pollution, process
S03-E14C|Current||Investigation methods for metals||Electrical aspects of metallurgy are covered by X25-Q codes, and of working metals by X25-A codes, e.g. X25-A01 (casting).|Melt, cast, metallurgy, phase, assay
S03-E14C1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing metallic electrodes||For electrodes per se, see S03-E03.|
S03-E14C3|Current|(1997-    )|Investigation methods for alloys|S03-E14C||
S03-E14C3A|Current|(1997-    )|Investigation methods for steel|S03-E14C|See X25-Q01 for electrical aspects of steel manufacture.|
S03-E14C3X|Current|(1997-    )|Investigation methods for alloys - other|S03-E14C||Brass, solder, bronze
S03-E14D|Current||Investigation methods for concrete, glass, ceramics, refractories, resins, plastics, rubber, etc.|||Asphalt, chalcogenide
S03-E14D1|Current|(1983-    )|Investigation methods for concrete|||Cement, strength, setting
S03-E14D4|Current|(1983-    )|Investigation methods for glass, ceramics, refractories||Electrical aspects of glass working are covered by X25-A05.|
S03-E14D7|Current|(1983-    )|Investigation methods for resins, plastics, rubber, leather, wood||Electrical aspects of plastics working are covered by X25-A06, of rubber working by X25-A07.|
S03-E14E|Current||Investigation methods for fuels, explosives; soil|||
S03-E14E1|Current|(1992-    )|Investigation methods for fuels||Includes crude oil and oil-derived fuels, as well as coal, natural gas etc. Oils for lubrication are covered by S03-E14F.|Gas, liquid, hydrocarbon, crude, refine, LNG, LPG
S03-E14E3|Current|(1992-    )|Investigation methods for explosives|||Blasting, detonate, pressure
S03-E14E7|Current|(1992-    )|Investigation methods for soil|||Rock, core, sample, groundwater recharge
S03-E14F|Current|(1980-    )|Oils, viscous liquids, paints, inks||Includes lubricating oils. Fuel oils are covered by S03-E14E1.|Lubricate, flow, cleaning products
S03-E14G|Current||Investigation methods for paper; textiles||See X25-T codes for electrical aspects of paper and textile manufacture.|Sheet, fabric, web, yarn, fibre, pulp
S03-E14H|Current||Investigation methods for biological material||For electrical aspects of biological material investigation see S05-C codes also where medical application stated.|Medical, clinical, forensic, diagnose
S03-E14H1|Current||Investigation methods for blood|||Coagulate, plasma, platelet, cell count
S03-E14H2|Current|(2005-    )|Biological fluids|S03-E14H9|Includes urine, semen etc.|
S03-E14H3|Current|(2005-    )|Nucleic acids|S03-E14H|Includes general DNA/RNA sequencing and tests for specific gene sequences, where there are no specific details. Where novel reagents are claimed, see also S03-E09F.|
S03-E14H4|Retired|(1983-2004)|Immunoassay*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S03-E09F, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1983-2004.|Antibody, assay, antigen, monoclonal, conjugate, bonding, HIV, AIDS, hepatitis
S03-E14H5|Current|(1992-    )|Enzymes, proteins and amino acids|S03-E14H9||
S03-E14H6|Current|(1992-    )|Tissue samples|S03-E14H9||
S03-E14H9|Current||Investigation methods for biological material - other|||Breath
S03-E14J|Current|(1992-    )|Investigation methods for plants|||
S03-E14L|Current|(1992-    )|Chemical and Biological warfare agents||Includes detection. See S03-E09 for chemical detection techniques, S03-C06 for luggage or mail inspection methods or S03-H01 for lab-on-chip or biochip technology.|
S03-E14M|Current|(1992-    )|Investigation methods for herbicides, pesticides|||
S03-E14N|Current|(1992-    )|Investigation methods for air quality||Covers air quality, e.g. in workplace, hospitals and home. See S03-D06 also for pollution monitoring.|Breathable, pollution, contaminant
S03-E14N1|Current|(1997-    )|Investigation methods for air quality in buildings|S03-E14N||
S03-E14N3|Current|(1997-    )|Investigation methods for air quality - clean room|S03-E14N|See U11-C15B for clean room used in semiconductor manufacture and T03-A02B9 for clean room used in magnetic record carrier manufacture.|Semiconductor, impurity
S03-E14N9|Current|(1997-    )|Air quality measurements - other|S03-E14N||
S03-E14P|Current|(1997-    )|Gas sensor||See S03-E02A and S03-E03 for electrical and electrochemical gas sensors respectively.|
S03-E14P1|Current|(1997-    )|Gas sensor for combustion products|||Carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide
S03-E14P3|Current|(1997-    )|Gas sensor for chemical reaction products|||
S03-E14P9|Current|(1997-    )|Gas sensor for other products|||
S03-E14R|Current|(2007-    )|Flame/combustion detector||Includes methods/apparatus for detection of flames or combustion, e.g. for fire alarm (see also W05), or industrial/domestic combustion equipment (see also X25-X13/ X27-G02). For pyrometric detection, see also S03-A03; for optical detection, e.g. UV, see S03-E04 codes.|
S03-E14W|Current|(2016-    )|General industrial waste|||
S03-E14X|Current|(1980-    )|Investigation methods (for) - other|||Dust
S03-E15|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic analysis equipment||Codes in this section are used with other S03-E codes depending on the specific nature of the equipment. For example use S03-E15 and S03-E14H codes for automatic biological material analysis apparatus.|
S03-E15A|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic analysis equipment control||For computer control aspects see e.g. T01-J08A.|
S03-F|Current||Investigation of physical or chemical properties of materials: specific properties|||
S03-F01|Current||Investigation of density|||Densimeter
S03-F01A|Current||Investigation of density by immersion of objects in fluids; from transmission of radiation; etc.|||Displacement, ultrasonic
S03-F01X|Current||Investigation of density - other|||
S03-F02|Current||Investigation of mechanical strength|||
S03-F02A|Current||Investigation of hardness|||Load, indent, ball, bearing, Vickers, Rockwell, Mohs
S03-F02B|Current||Investigation of resistance to wear or heat; machinability; cutting ability||Includes applying time varying (cyclic) loading. If the sample is also subjected to temperature excursions, the code S03-E01B1 is additionally applied.|Abrasion, tool, bearing, erosion
S03-F02C|Current||Investigation of mechanical strength by applying steady tension or compression||If, in addition to steady tension or compression, the sample is subjected to temperature excursions, the code S03-E01B1 is also applied.|Tensile, stress, strain, fatigue
S03-F02D|Current||Investigation of mechanical strength by steady bending, twisting or shearing|||Torque, shaft, flexure, axis
S03-F02E|Current||Investigation of mechanical strength by applying impulsive forces|||Impact, shock, frequency
S03-F02X|Current||Investigation of mechanical strength (incl. ductility, twisting and coiling properties) - other|||
S03-F03|Current||Investigation of flow properties||Includes viscometers.|Fluid, liquid, viscosity, thixotropic, Poiseuille's formula, Stokes' law, Ostwald, Newtonian fluid
S03-F03A|Current||Investigation of flow properties by moving body in material||E.g. rising or falling speed, rotary bodies, rotational, damping effect.|Vibratory viscometer
S03-F03X|Current||Investigation of flow properties - other||Includes measuring flow of material e.g. through capillary tube.|Rheometer
S03-F04|Current||Investigation of diffusion effects; surface or boundary effects||Includes e.g. measurement of wettability.|Surface tension, Ficks law, solder wettability
S03-F05|Current||Investigation of particle size; sedimentation of suspensions||For blood, see S03-E14H1 also, and S05-C01 if electrical appts. is involved.|
S03-F05A|Current|(1992-    )|Investigation of sedimentation|||
S03-F05C|Current|(1992-    )|Investigation of particle size||Includes cytometry.|
S03-F06|Current||Investigation of concentration of suspensions; permeability, pore-volume or surface area|||
S03-F06A|Current|(1983-    )|Investigation of concentration of suspensions|||Aerosol, Colloid, Emulsions, Slurry
S03-F06B|Current|(1983-    )|Investigation of permeability, pore-volume or surface area of porous material|||Pressure, osmosis, porosity, filter, gas-mask, respirator
S03-F06C|Current|(1992-    )|Particle counters||Includes cytometry.|
S03-F07|Current|(1980-    )|Weather-, light- and corrosion resistance|||
S03-F08|Current|(1980-    )|Coefficient of friction; adhesion|||Surface, adhesives
S03-F09|Current|(1980-    )|Moisture content (incl. hydrometers); detecting flaws or contamination|||
S03-F09A|Current|(2005-    )|General moisture detection / Humidity measurements||Includes measurement of moisture e.g. mechanically, but not measurement using capacitance, microwaves or radiation absorption; for these cases see S03-E02C1, S03-E05A, S03-E06A3 respectively. Air humidity measurement used in meteorology is coded under S03-D02C.|Hygrometer
S03-F09B|Current|(2005-    )|General flaw detection|||
S03-F09C|Current|(2007-    )|General contamination detection||Prior to 2007, covered by S03-F09B.|
S03-F10|Current|(2005-    )|pH measurement|S03-E03X|See also S03-E03B2 for electrochemical methods, and S03-E09E and S03-E04E for chemical indicators. Prior to 200501, non-electrochemical pH measurement was coded in S03-E03X.|
S03-F11|Current|(2014-    )|Non-destructive testing||This code is used to highlight the non-destructive aspect of the testing or analysis. This code can be applied with other S03-F codes to highlight the type of analysis/test done.|
S03-F20|Current||Physical or chemical properties - other||(For sampling devices see S03-E13 codes).|
S03-G|Current||Measurement of nuclear or X-radiation||Codes in this section are concerned with novel methods and equipment for measuring radiation per se. For measurement on materials using radiation see S03-E06 codes, and for object detection/prospecting see S03-C codes, e.g. S03-C03.|Beta, gamma, particle, radioactive
S03-G01|Current||Recording/processing movements of particles, measuring neutron radiation||Includes processing or analysis of tracks. Neutron dosimetry is also in S03-G02A.|Track
S03-G01A|Current|(1992-    )|Recording/processing movements of particles|||Wilson cloud chamber, bubble, scintillation, track
S03-G01C|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring neutron radiation|||
S03-G01X|Current|(1992-    )|Recording/processing movements of particles, measuring neutron radiation - other|||
S03-G02|Current||Measuring nuclear or X-radiation|||
S03-G02A|Current||Dosimeters; integrating detectors||Includes e.g. chemical, photographic, luminescent dosimetry, and arrangements integrating the output of an electrical detector.|Thermoluminescent, expose, film badge, TLD
S03-G02B|Current||Measuring intensity of nuclear or X-radiation||Codes in this section are used for particular radiation detection arrangements.|Count, camera, discriminate
S03-G02B1|Current||Scintillation detectors|||
S03-G02B2|Current||Counting-tubes, ionisation chambers; cerenkov, semiconductor, resistance or sec.emission detectors||For tube type detectors see V05-H also.|
S03-G02B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Counting tube (e.g. geiger-muller)|||
S03-G02B2C|Current|(1992-    )|Ionisation chamber|||
S03-G02B2E|Current|(1992-    )|Secondary emission detector of nuclear or X-radiation|||
S03-G02B2G|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor detector of nuclear or X-radiation||See U12-A03 also.|
S03-G02B3|Current|(1997-    )|Nuclear imaging|S03-G02B|Covers all cases where a radiopharmaceutical is injected into the patient, e.g. in Positron Emission Tomography or Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography. See also S05-D02C. See U22-D02C for coincidence circuit for PET apparatus.|SPECT, PET, Gamma camera, Anger camera, Compton camera
S03-G02B9|Current||Nuclear radiation intensity measurement - other||Includes radioactive immunoassay techniques - see also S03-E09F.|Image, phosphor, scan, sheet
S03-G02C|Current||Beam position/section; spatial/spectral distribution; polarisation, absorption cross section; etc.|||
S03-G02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Beam measurements||Covers position or section measurements.|Faraday cup
S03-G02C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Beam polarisation|||
S03-G02C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Cross section|||Beam area, absorption, barn
S03-G02C3|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation spectrometers||Includes, e.g. X-ray or Mossbauer spectrometers. Note: This code is reserved for analysing nuclear radiation for the purest of reasons, e.g. at a nuclear power station or a nuclear research institute.|
S03-G02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Half life measurements|||Decay
S03-G05|Current|(1992-    )|Measurement of nuclear or X-radiation - calibration, testing and compensation|||
S03-H|Current|(2005-    )|General scientific instrumentation technology details||These codes can be used with S01 and S02 instrumentation types, except for the S03-H03 codes. For testing, calibration or compensation, see relevant sections in S01 and S02.|
S03-H01|Current|(2005-    )|Lab on chip and microarray technology||These codes are used in combination with other S03 codes to denote specific technology types. For general automatic analysis equipment, see S03-E15. See also U13-D04 codes for semiconductor based technology. For instrumentation using electrochemical techniques, see S03-E03 codes.|LOC, Lab-on-chip
S03-H01A|Current|(2005-    )|Microarrays and biochips|S03-E15|See relevant S03 codes for detection type. See S03-E09F for Immunoassay techniques. Prior to 2005, see S03-E15.|DNA Chip, Protein Chip, Gene ChipTM
S03-H01B|Current|(2005-    )|Microfluidic instrumentation|||
S03-H02|Current|(2005-    )|Micro/nanometre scale instrumentation||See also V06 codes for micro and nano-scale actuators/motors/sensors and U12-B03F codes for MEMS/NEMS technology in general.|
S03-H02A|Current|(2005-    )|Micrometre scale instrumentation||In general, covers instrumentation technology involving manipulation or manufacture at a scale of greater than 0.1 microns.|
S03-H02B|Current|(2005-    )|Nanometre scale instrumentation||In general, covers instrumentation technology involving manipulation or manufacture beneath 0.1 microns, or 100 nanometres.|
S03-H03|Current|(2005-    )|Testing, compensation and calibration||These codes are used to indicate general testing, calibration or compensation for S03 equipment. Note that some areas of S03 already have testing, calibration and compensation codes. Where these codes already exist, they take precedence over S03-H03, e.g. S03-A05 codes, S03-C10 and S03-E04P. Prior to 2005, see S02-K and S01-J02.|
S03-H03A|Current|(2005-    )|Testing|||
S03-H03B|Current|(2005-    )|Compensation|||
S03-H03C|Current|(2005-    )|Calibration|||
S04|Current||Clocks and timers||All aspects of clocks and watches are included, whether electrical or not.|
S04-A|Current||Mechanical clocks and watches; mechanical parts [general]|||
S04-A01|Current||Drive, geartrains, escapements, balances etc.||Includes clutch mechanisms, weights, chains, mainsprings etc.|Gear, wheel, pendulum, movement, pivot, adjust
S04-A02|Current||Time indication|||Hour, rotating, analogue, face, indicia, minute
S04-A02A|Current||Time indication - hands, dials, drums||Sundials are in S04-A09 only.|Face, disc, display, timepiece, concentric, ring
S04-A02B|Current||Day, date, tide or local time indicators|||Calendar, display, zone, disc, window, world, month, ring, year
S04-A02X|Current||Time indication - other||Includes illumination, striking, alarms, ringing, etc.|Bell, chime, light
S04-A03|Current||Mechanical clocks and watches - winding; setting||Including clutch wheel and locking bar mechanisms.|Adjust, hand, spring, compress, pushbutton
S04-A04|Current||Mechanical clocks and watches - cases, glasses|||Display, window
S04-A04A|Current||Mechanical clocks and watches - cases, glasses constructions||Includes watch straps and clock stands.|Ring, seal, mount, housing, plastics, body, face, frame
S04-A04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Mechanical clocks and watches - cases, glasses anti-magnetic shielding|||
S04-A04A2|Current|(1992-    )|Mechanical clocks and watches - cases, glasses water-proofing|||
S04-A04B|Current||Mechanical clocks and watches - cases, glasses materials and manufacture|||Glass, metal, titanium, alloy, nitride, aluminium, carbide, coating, deposit, film, jewel, bind
S04-A05|Current||Mechanical clocks and watches; mechanical parts - frameworks, bearings, callipers|||Plate, metal, plastics, rotor, spring, wheel
S04-A09|Current||Mechanical aspects - other||Includes combination of timepieces with other measuring instruments. Metronomes, sundials, hourglasses and other gravitational timepieces.|Dial, display, compass, magnetic
S04-B|Current||Electrical aspects of clocks and watches|||
S04-B01|Current|(1983-    )|Electrical clocks and watches - power supplies; electrical winding; motor driven time indication|||Inverter, voltage, capacitor, control
S04-B01A|Current|(1983-    )|Electrical clocks and watches - power supplies; electrical winding||For batteries see X16, for solar cells see X15-A02, U12-A02A codes.|
S04-B01B|Current|(1983-    )|Electrical clocks and watches - motor driven time indication||For stepper motors see also V06-M05. For motor control see also V06-N codes, e.g. V06-N01.|Rotor, drive, stator, pulse, synchronous, pole, circuit, current, analogue, switch, gear, magnetic
S04-B02|Current||Electrical clocks and watches - oscillators|||
S04-B02A|Current||Electrical clocks and watches - balances, pendulums, tuning forks|||Drive, movement, spring
S04-B02B|Current||Electrical clocks and watches - quartz|||Crystal, piezoelectric, resonance, trimmer
S04-B02X|Current|(1980-    )|Electrical clocks and watches - other oscillators||Includes laser and maser oscillators (see also V08-A01A and V08-B) and atomic clocks. Atomic oscillators are covered by U23-A06 from 2016 (pre-2016 by U23-D02). Time and frequency standards are also coded in S04-C09.|Beam
S04-B03|Current||Electrical clocks and watches - timing chains; setting||Includes drive blocking and radio transmission aspects.|Display, counter, divider, memory, digital, microprocessor
S04-B04|Current||Electrical clocks and watches - electronic displays|||
S04-B04A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical clocks and watches - electro-optic displays||Includes lamps, LEDs, LCDs etc.|Digital, liquid, indicate, segment, analogue, calendar, date
S04-B05|Current||Acoustical time indication; alarms||For combined radio/alarm appts. see also W03-G03A. Piezoelectric devices, buzzers etc. are in V06 also.|Signal, sound, frequency, tone
S04-B05A|Current|(1992-    )|Musical animation time indication; alarms|||Nursery
S04-B06|Current||Master slave clocks and radio controlled setting||Radio and line transmission details of timing signals, drive mechanisms, pulse transmission systems etc.|Signal, control, circuit, receive, adjust, phase, reference, standard time signal, MSF, WWV, DCF-77
S04-B07|Current|(1992-    )|Braille clock|||Blind
S04-B08|Current|(1992-    )|Motion clock, e.g. cuckoo or movable drum|||
S04-B09|Current||Electrical aspects of clocks and watches - other||Includes casings and manufacture for electronic timepieces. Clocks/watches integral with gaming, cooking, medical etc. devices. All aspects of circuitry specifically for timepieces.|Memory, radio, dial
S04-C|Current||Timers|||Circuit, control, automatic, program
S04-C01|Current||Time switches||If switch details are claimed, then see V03-C08 also. For cooking appliances see X27-C. For washing/drying appliances see X27-D.|Cam, set, circuit, domestic, drive, mechanism, contact, rotating, washing, cycle
S04-C02|Current||Timer clocks||For cooking appliances see also X27-C. For audio/video apparatus see also W03 and W04. |Switch, set, interval, select
S04-C02A|Current|(1992-    )|Timer clocks including time indicator or alarm|||
S04-C02X|Current|(1992-    )|Timer clocks - other|||
S04-C03|Current||Measuring unknown time intervals||For sports equipment see W04-X. Includes stopwatches.|Counter, period, start-stop, elapsed, oscillator, hand, second
S04-C03A|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring methods and equipment per se for unknown time intervals|||
S04-C03C|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring unknown time intervals - applications|||
S04-C03C1|Current|(1992-    )|Unknown time intervals - measuring electronic signals and pulse duration||See also S01-D06.|
S04-C03C2|Current|(1992-    )|Unknown time intervals - measuring duration of activities, operations, and events||See T05-G for specific monitoring of vehicles, machines, etc.|
S04-C03X|Current|(1992-    )|Time interval measurements - other|||
S04-C07|Current|(1992-    )|Colour change time indication, e.g. for perishable goods|||
S04-C09|Current||Timer aspects - other||Includes time and frequency standards (see also S04-B02X) and also electronic metronomes and hour-glass type timers. For clocks using gravitational effects see S04-A09 also.|Frequency, standard, atomic, resonance, select, interval, program, pulse, stabilised, adjust, microprocessor, molecular, oscillator, count, delay
S04-D|Current||Watchmakers' tools||Includes tweezers, eyepieces, measuring and calibrating appts., and relevant electronic test gear.|
S04-E|Current|(1992-    )|Time recording||Includes e.g. time clock for employees.|
S05|Current||Electrical medical equipment||Electrical aspects only are included, except for documents with A61N IPC, which guarantees inclusion whether electrical or not.|
S05-A|Current||Therapy||For treatment of abnormal cells/tissues etc. using non- or minimally invasive equipment, e.g. electrotherapy, magnetotherapy, radiation therapy, ultrasound therapy, etc. See S05-B codes for corresponding surgical equipment and S05-D codes for electrical diagnosis.|Condition, treat, beauty, patient
S05-A01|Current||Heart pacemakers and defibrillators||Includes all aspects of electrical cardiovascular stimulation.|Cardiac, sense, implant, lead, pulse, atrium, control, tissue, ventricle, physiological, time
S05-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Pacemakers||Includes general heart stimulation arrangements.|
S05-A01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Demand pacemakers||Includes pacemakers controlled by physiological parameter e.g. heart biopotential.|
S05-A01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Pacemakers - programming and control aspects||Includes programmed control of pacemakers, e.g. using stored program. See T01-J06A for data processing in medical applications.|
S05-A01A5A|Current|(1997-    )|Pacemakers - remote programming and control|S05-A01A5|Includes arrangements for programming and controlling operation from external source, e.g. for modifying version of control program.|
S05-A01B|Current|(1997-    )|Defibrillators|S03-A01|Can be used for both internal and external defibrillators.|
S05-A01C|Current|(1997-    )|Heart pacemakers and defibrillators - power supplies and storage|S05-A01|Includes power supplies and storage for all implanted heart therapy equipment, and charge storage arrangements for defibrillators. See U24 codes for power supplies in general, and X16 codes for power storage aspects.|
S05-A02|Current||Therapy electrodes||Includes any apparatus attached to or through skin for purpose of applying electric field or current. If current application is also claimed then see also S05-A04.|Contact, lead, connect, conducting, implant, stimulating, flexible
S05-A02A|Current|(1997-    )|Electrodes for stimulation of heart|S05-A02|Covers electrodes used in conjunction with pacemaker or defibrillator.|
S05-A02B|Current|(1997-    )|Electrodes for stimulation of nervous system|S05-A02|Covers electrodes used to apply current to muscles or nervous system for e.g. pain relief, i.e. TENS.|
S05-A03|Current||Radiation/Ultrasonic therapy (including magnetic fields)||Including optical, magnetic, X-ray irradiation, and protection from undesirable radiation.|Frequency, hyperthermia, beam, electromagnet, isotope
S05-A03A|Current|(1983-    )|Optical radiation therapy (including IR, UV and laser)||Laser apparatus is in V08 also. For UV and sun-ray lamp apparatus see X27-A02A2 also. Lamps per se are also in X26. Radiation therapy using visible light is in S05-A03A9 only.|Ultraviolet, tan, lamp, cooling, lens, sun, beam
S05-A03A1|Current|(1997-    )|Infrared therapy|S05-A03A|Includes application of heat from Infrared source. See also S05-A05B for heat therapy in general.|
S05-A03A2|Current|(1997-    )|Laser therapy|S05-A03A|Includes laser for cosmetic use, e.g. laser hair and tattoo removal.|
S05-A03A3|Current|(1997-    )|Ultraviolet therapy|S05-A03A||
S05-A03A9|Current|(1997-    )|Light therapy (including visible light spectrum) - other|S05-A03||
S05-A03B|Current|(1997-    )|Electric fields therapy||Includes application of static electricity and electric fields. From 2016, all RF-based therapy inventions are coded in S05-A03D. Pre-2016, RF-based therapy inventions were coded in S05-A03B or S05-A03X depending on novel aspect.|
S05-A03C|Current|(1997-    )|Sonic or ultrasonic therapy|S05-A03|See S05-B02 for ultrasonic surgical equipment e.g. lithotripsy, and S05-A05 for massage using ultrasound. Infra-sonic can also be coded here. For Music therapy see S05-A09.|
S05-A03D|Current|(1997-    )|Microwave and other radio-frequency (RF) therapy||From 2016 includes all RF-based therapy. Pre-2016, inventions were coded in S05-A03B or S05-A03X depending on novel aspect. See X25 for microwave heating.|
S05-A03E|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic fields therapy|S05-A03|Includes all aspects of magnetotherapy e.g. using magnetic fields produced by coils or permanent magnets, applied externally, or internally using implanted elements.|
S05-A03E1|Current|(2002-    )|Magnetotherapy|S05-A03|Includes use of permanent magnets, e.g. traditional Chinese medicine.|
S05-A03E2|Current|(2002-    )|Electromagnetic therapy|||
S05-A03F|Current|(1997-    )|Therapy using X-rays|S05-A03|See S05-D02 codes for X-Ray diagnostic equipment.|
S05-A03X|Current|(1997-    )|Therapy using radiation - other|S05-A03|Includes Gamma-ray therapy and particle irradiation therapy.|Brachytherapy
S05-A04|Current|(1983-    )|Therapy by applying currents|S05-A09|Electrodes per se are also in S05-A02. Includes all aspects of nerve, muscle and skin stimulation for e.g. pain relief, i.e. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and also depilation.|Pulse, frequency, implant, HF, muscle, regulate, ECT, TENS, depilation
S05-A04A|Current|(1992-    )|Iontophoresis therapy||See also S05-J02 for administering drugs through the skin.|
S05-A05|Current|(1983-    )|Physical therapy, massage, acupuncture|S05-A09, S05-X|Not steam baths, saunas, etc. they are in S05-A09 and X27-E03A1 only. Includes massagers using ultrasound. See W04-X01A for sports training equipment. See X27-A02A2 for massage/vibrators.|Exercise, cycle, treadmill, vibration, heat, limb, movement, mechanical
S05-A05A|Current|(1997-    )|Artificial respiration and cardiac assistance|S05-A05|For cardiac assistance and respiratory aids using e.g. heart massage, pumping and applied pressure etc. Applying electric currents for heart stimulation is coded in S05-A01. Respiratory aids using e.g. gas or air are coded in S05-G02E.|Pump, squeeze, pressure, cardiac wrap/harness
S05-A05B|Current|(2002-    )|Heat and cooling therapy||Therapy using direct application of heat. Also includes therapy using cooling techniques.|
S05-A05C|Current|(2005-    )|Massage||Massage details for domestic items, such as beds, chairs, beauty treatment, etc, are also coded under X27-A02A2.|
S05-A05D|Current|(2005-    )|Acupuncture|||
S05-A05E|Current|(2008-    )|Physical therapy||See W04-X01 codes for sports equipment.|
S05-A07|Current|(1992-    )|Eye exercise, strengthening defective eye muscles|||Optical
S05-A09|Current|(1980-    )|Other e.g. speech therapy, relaxation therapy||Includes electrical aspects of e.g. aromatherapy and homeopathy, steam baths, saunas etc., audio relaxation, deaf/dumb speech therapy, insomnia curing apparatus, air cleaners and filters.|
S05-A10|Current|(2007-    )|Patient positioning for therapy||Used for cases where the novelty is in the positioning of a patient rather than in the therapeutic device itself.|
S05-B|Current||Surgery||Surgical instruments, devices and equipment. See S05-A codes for therapeutic equipment. Anaesthesia apparatus is in S05-L. Diagnostic endoscopes are in S05-D04.|Instrument, shock, wave, tissue, pressure, coagulate, incision, cut, cauterisation
S05-B01|Current|(1992-    )|Surgery using laser, IR, or UV||Includes all aspects of laser surgery.|Light, optical, beam, focus
S05-B02|Current|(1992-    )|Surgery using sonic or ultrasonic equipment||Includes extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy e.g. using ultrasonic waves. See V06 for details of ultrasonic transducers.|Lithotripsy, stone, concretion
S05-B03|Current|(1992-    )|Surgery using mechanical or electrical equipment||Includes electrosurgical apparatus and electrosurgical cauterisation instruments.|
S05-B04|Old|(1992-2005)|Monitoring patient during surgery||For monitoring of patient during surgery, see S05-B04B.|
S05-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Monitoring during surgery||From 2006, S05-B04 codes cover monitoring during the complete surgery, including the patient (S05-B04B), the surgical instruments (S05-B04A1) and the surgical procedure per se (S05-B04A). |
S05-B04A|Old|(1997-2005)|Monitoring location of surgical instruments|S05-B09|For monitoring status of surgical equipment during surgery, e.g. temperature of cauterisation appts., power used by ablation appts. etc. Also for monitoring progress of surgical procedure itself, e.g. amount of tissue removed, status of tissue surrounding operation site etc. Also includes intra-operative imaging appts/methods.|
S05-B04A|Current|(2006-    )|Monitoring of surgical apparatus/procedure|S05-B09|For monitoring status of surgical equipment during surgery, e.g. temperature of cauterisation appts., power used by ablation appts. etc. From 2006, also includes monitoring progress of surgical procedure itself, e.g. amount of tissue removed, status of tissue surrounding operation site etc. Also includes intra-operative imaging appts/methods.|
S05-B04A1|Current|(2006-    )|Monitoring location of surgical instruments||Includes equipment for tracking the location of surgical instruments inserted into patient, and monitoring location of instruments in the operating theatre, e.g. instrument tags, swab counters etc. Prior to 2006 coded in S05-B04A.|Tagging, swab
S05-B04B|Current|(2006-    )|Monitoring patient during surgery||For monitoring vital signs, etc. of patient during surgery. Prior to 2006 coded in S05-B04.|
S05-B05|Current|(1997-    )|Endoscopic surgery|S05-B09|Includes apparatus for keyhole surgery. See S05-D04 for diagnostic endoscopes.|
S05-B06|Current|(2002-    )|Cryosurgery|||Cryogenics
S05-B07|Current|(2005-    )|Remote control and automated/robotic surgical systems|||
S05-B09|Current|(1992-    )|Surgical equipment - other|||Irrigation
S05-C|Current||Medical analysis of biological materials||These codes cover electrical aspects only. See S03-E13 codes for sampling, S03-E14H codes for specific sample types and other relevant S03 codes for specific testing techniques.|Sample, cell, liquid, microscope, measure
S05-C01|Current||Medical analysis of blood||See also S03-E14H1. Breathalysers are in S05-C09. Covers in-vitro testing.|Flow, fluid, monitor, test, coagulate, corpuscle
S05-C02|Current|(1997-    )|Medical analysis of biological fluids|S05-B09|For analysis of content of biological fluids i.e. urine, semen etc. See also S03-E14H2.|Urine
S05-C03|Current|(1997-    )|Medical analysis of biological tissues|S05-B09|In-vitro analysis of tissue samples for detection of abnormal cells from e.g. biopsy. See also S03-E14H6.|Biopsy, culture, cell
S05-C05|Current|(1992-    )|For testing medicine, drugs||See also S03-E14A1.|
S05-C09|Current||Other analysis of biological materials||Includes breathalysers (see also S03-E14H9) and electrical DNA analysis (see also S03-E14H3).|Measure, chamber, fluid, test, assay, electrophoresis, DNA, ultrasonic
S05-D|Current||Electrical diagnosis|||
S05-D01|Current||Measuring and recording systems||For indicating and recording in general see also S02-K.|Electrode, data, display, monitor, physiological, process, image, probe, transducer
S05-D01A|Current||Electrical diagnosis - measuring and recording systems for-bioelectric currents||Including measuring neurological and nerve stimulation, electrodes, physiological testing and encephalographic apparatus.|Conducting, potential, brain, EEG, physiological
S05-D01A1|Current|(1983-    )|Electrical diagnosis - electrocardiographs|||ECG, EKG, signal, cardiac, heart, lead, tachycardia, bradycardia, fibrillation, QRS complex
S05-D01A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Electrical diagnosis - electrocardiograph electrodes|S05-D01A1|Includes electrodes adapted for ECG measurements e.g. scalp, chest etc.|Scalp, foetal monitoring, cardiography
S05-D01A2|Current|(1997-    )|Electrical diagnosis - neurological currents and signals|S05-D01A|Includes measurement of neurological bioelectric currents and signals e.g. electroencephalography, electromyography, magnetoencephalography etc.|EMG, EEG, MEG, squid
S05-D01A2A|Current|(1997-    )|Electrical diagnosis - neurological currents and signals electrodes|S05-D01A|Electrodes for detecting bioelectric signals other than ECG, i.e. EEG, EMG e.g. needle electrodes.|
S05-D01B|Current||Electrical diagnosis for heart rate, blood pressure||Pressure measuring devices are also in S02-F04 codes for flow measuring see also S02-C. Includes vein and artery wall thickness and blockage measurement.|Catheter, pulse, ultrasonic
S05-D01B1|Current|(1983-    )|Electrical diagnosis for blood pressure or flow|||Sphygmomanometer, Korotkoff, cuff, Doppler, fluid, electroarteriograph
S05-D01B1A|Current|(1997-    )|Electrical diagnosis for blood pressure|S05-D01B1||
S05-D01B1B|Current|(1997-    )|Electrical diagnosis for blood flow|S05-D01B1|Includes measurements of blood flow velocity and cardiac output.|Tracer, thermo-dilution, catheter
S05-D01B5|Current|(1983-    )|Heart rate, pulse||Measuring or recording pulse. See S05-A05 for exercise.|Cardiac, frequency, stethoscope
S05-D01C|Current||Electrical diagnosis for lungs, body shape, or movement|||
S05-D01C1|Current|(1983-    )|Lungs and respiration||Includes all aspects of breathing, exhaled air gas content and volume measurement. See S05-C09 for breathalysing, e.g. for drug or alcohol content.|Pressure, expire, inhale
S05-D01C5|Current|(1983-    )|Electrical diagnosis for body shape or movement||Detecting, measuring or recording systems for testing shape, size and movement of body parts; e.g. bone and muscle strength and dimension measurements.|Position, limb, gait, posture
S05-D01C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical diagnosis for body shape or movement - measurements for non-medical purposes||Includes fingerprint identification, driver alertness sensors and determining eye movements for use in controlling aircraft, etc.|Gaze
S05-D01D|Old|(    -2006)|Electrical diagnosis using electric currents or magnetic fields; audiometering||Includes all aspects of electrical current, voltage, and frequency measurement not covered elsewhere in S05-D01. NMR diagnosis is in S05-D02B only.|Electrode, sense, frequency, tone, ear, generator, skin, polygraph
S05-D01D|Current|(2007-    )|Using electric currents or magnetic fields||Includes all aspects of electrical current, voltage, and frequency measurement not covered elsewhere in S05-D01. NMR diagnosis is in S05-D02B only. From 2006, audiometering is coded under S05-D01D2 only.|Electrode, sense, frequency, tone, ear, generator, skin, polygraph
S05-D01D1|Current|(1997-    )|Body impedance measurements|||
S05-D01D2|Current|(2007-    )|Audiometering|||Hearing test
S05-D01E|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical diagnosis for body temperature measurement|||Thermometer
S05-D01F|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical diagnosis for reflex and reaction measurement|||
S05-D01G|Current|(1992-    )|In-vivo blood composition measurement||Includes in-vivo measurements of blood characteristics e.g. blood gas concentration, pH value etc.|Oximeter
S05-D01H|Current|(1992-    )|Stethoscopes||Instruments for auscultation. See V06 for acoustic transducers.|
S05-D01J|Current|(1997-    )|Tissue and bone content and properties measurement|S05-D01C5|Includes measurement of bone density, bone mineral content, water, fat content and properties such as tissue elasticity etc. See S05-D01G for in-vivo blood composition measurement.|Bone marrow, bone mineral
S05-D01K|Current|(2005-    )|Internal pressure measurement||Blood pressure measurement is coded in S05-D01B1A only, and Intraocular pressure measurement is coded in S05-D05 only.|Cystometer
S05-D01L|Current|(2007-    )|In-vivo fluid measurement||This code is for in-vivo measurement of bodily fluids other than blood. Includes spinal fluid, stomach acid, urine, sperm etc. For in-vivo blood measurement, see S05-D01G only.|spinal fluid, stomach acid, urine, sperm
S05-D01X|Current||Other (Psychotechnics)||Includes pain threshold sensing.|Psychotechnics, mental state
S05-D02|Current||Radiation diagnosis||See S03-E06 codes for analysis by radiation in general. See S05-A codes for therapeutic equipment using radiation e.g. X-Rays. For nuclear or X-radiation measurement see also S03-G02 codes. Video cameras/signal generation - see also W04-M01F.|Image, phosphor, stimulable sheet, light, radiographic, read-out, tomography, scintillation
S05-D02A|Current||Radiation diagnosis using X-rays|||Radiographic, support, dental, image, source
S05-D02A1|Current|(1983-    )|Radiation diagnosis using tomography|||Computer, source, beam, CAT, CT, project
S05-D02A3|Current|(1983-    )|Radiation diagnosis using X-rays - generating X-rays; protection||Includes equipment for protection from radiation and safety aspects. See V05-E codes for X-ray tubes and control in general.|Voltage, beam, source, anode, radiographic, cathode
S05-D02A5|Current|(1983-    )|Radiation diagnosis using X-rays - recording; analysing|||Film, light, video, intensify, radiate, radiographic, display, ray, cassette
S05-D02A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation diagnosis using X-rays - photographic recording; analysing||Electrical aspects of film cartridge and developing apparatus are also coded in S06.|
S05-D02A5B|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation diagnosis using X-rays - video recording; analysing||For X-ray TV system see also W04-M01F, and V05-D for tube aspects.|Fluoroscopy, feature
S05-D02A5C|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation diagnosis using X-rays - stimulable sheet phosphor||See also S06-K99G and S03-E06B3. See also V05-M01C codes for image storage screens.|
S05-D02A5D|Current|(2002-    )|Other detectors||Includes, for example, photon detectors.|
S05-D02A5E|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation diagnosis using X-rays - processing of recorded image||Includes all aspects of processing recorded X-ray image for e.g. storage, enhancement, analysis, enlargement, rotation etc. See T01-J10 codes for image processing using digital computers, and T01-J06A for data processing systems for medical applications.|
S05-D02A6|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation diagnosis - X-ray table, positioning|||
S05-D02A6A|Current|(1997-    )|Radiation diagnosis - positioning X-ray source|||
S05-D02A6B|Current|(1997-    )|Radiation diagnosis - positioning X-ray detector|||
S05-D02A7|Current|(2006-    )|X-ray contrast media||See also S03-E09X for contrast agents.|
S05-D02B|Current|(1992-    )|NMR diagnosis|S05-D02X||
S05-D02B1|Current|(1992-    )|NMR diagnosis equipment, magnet, RF pulse generator||See also S01-E02A and S03-E07 codes for MRI/NMR measurements in general.|
S05-D02B2|Current|(1992-    )|NMR diagnosis - image processing, analysing||Includes processing of recorded image for e.g. enhancement, enlargement, analysis etc. See T01-J10 codes for image processing, and T01-J06A for medical data processing systems.|
S05-D02B3|Current|(1992-    )|NMR diagnosis - MRI contrast media||See also S03-E09X for contrast agents.|
S05-D02B4|Current|(2006-    )|Adaptations for MRI compatability||Adaptations to electrical medical appts for use in MRI environment or for mitigating unwanted effects due to MRI procedures, e.g. shielding for implanted devices.|
S05-D02C|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation diagnosis using nuclear radiation||Covers cases in which radiopharmaceutical is injected into patient. Includes gamma camera, SPECT and PET. See also S03-G02B3.|
S05-D02E|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation diagnosis - patient table, patient positioning||Operating tables specifically for scanning are in S05-D02E only, not S05-G.|
S05-D02X|Current||Radiation diagnosis (e.g. optical) - other||Includes use of radiation e.g. thermal, optical, microwave radiation for investigating physical or chemical properties. Includes lamp, laser, UV, Infrared equipment.|Resonance, radiate, spin, echo, frequency phase, IR, UV, light
S05-D03|Current||Ultrasonic diagnosis||See S03-E08 codes for sonic and ultrasonic testing in general.|Ultrasound, image, linear scan, sector scan, echo, frequency, probe, acoustic, tissue, blood
S05-D03A|Current|(1992-    )|Ultrasonic diagnosis - transducers||Includes general transducer aspects. See also V06.|Piezoelectric
S05-D03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Ultrasonic diagnosis - transducer device details|||Acoustic, ultrasonic diagnostic transducers, magnetostrictive, electrostrictive, crystal, ceramic
S05-D03A2|Current|(1992-    )|Ultrasonic diagnosis - arrangements of transducers||Includes transducer arrangements for transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves, e.g. array.|Ultrasonic transducer array
S05-D03B|Current|(1992-    )|Ultrasonic diagnosis - equipment other than transducers|||
S05-D03C|Current|(2006-    )|Ultrasound contrast media||See also S03-E09X for contrast agents.|
S05-D03E|Current|(1992-    )|Ultrasonic diagnosis - image processing and analysing||For processing recorded image for e.g. enhancement, storage and analysis. See T01-J10 for image processing in general, and T01-J06A for medical data processing systems.|
S05-D04|Current|(1983-    )|Endoscopes|S05-D09|For endoscopic surgical equipment see S05-B05. See also S02-J04B3C and V07-N02 for optical fibre details.|Light, optical fibre, image, illuminate, reflect, laser, arthroscope, laparoscope, colonoscope
S05-D04A|Current|(1997-    )|Endoscopes - control aspects|S05-D04|Covers arrangements for controlling movement and positioning of endoscopes within body.|Endoscope positioning, endoscope control
S05-D04B|Current|(1997-    )|Endoscopes - imaging aspects|S05-D04|Includes equipment for capturing image of internal organs/cavities, e.g. video camera, CCD, ultrasound etc. See W04-M01 codes for video camera equipment.|
S05-D05|Current|(1992-    )|Eye testing, examination|S05-D09|Includes all arrangements for examining the eye for diagnostic purposes; e.g. determining cornea shape, examining eye fundus, measuring cornea curvature, intraocular pressure measurement, testing astigmatism, glaucoma etc. Detecting eye movements for controlling e.g. photographic camera, aircraft etc. is coded in S05-D01C5A.|Intraocular pressure, cornea, astigmatism, ophthalmoscope, ophthalmic, eye photography, gonioscope, glaucoma, patient chair
S05-D06|Current|(1997-    )|Diagnostic information systems||Includes computer systems designed to aid in patient diagnosis e.g. expert systems and diagnostic databases. See T01-J16A for expert systems in general, and T01-J06A1 for medical information systems.|Information system, medical diagnostic database, medical expert system
S05-D06A|Current|(2005-    )|Telediagnosis||Includes systems for patient diagnosis where patient and medical expert are in different geographical locations e.g. where patient's image, measurements etc. are transferred via internet, wireless telephone. N.B. This code is used for initial diagnosis of the patient only. For everyday monitoring of patients from remote locations, see S05-G02B2A.|
S05-D07|Current|(1997-    )|Diagnostic displays and monitors||Includes equipment for displaying diagnostic information, e.g. radiation images. See T04-H for visual display units, W05-E codes for general display arrangements, and W03 for television displays.|Terminal, monitoring, diagnostic display
S05-D08|Current|(2005-    )|General diagnostic processing|||
S05-D08A|Current|(2005-    )|General image processing||Can be applied either when type of image isn't mentioned or when it isn't important.|
S05-D08B|Current|(2005-    )|General data processing||Can be applied either when type of data isn't mentioned or when it isn't important.|
S05-D09|Current|(1980-    )|Other electrical diagnosis||Including aspects of diagnosis associated with pregnancy e.g. conception, sex and ovulation determination. Includes measurements associated with nutritional management systems, e.g. diet planners, calorie counters.|Foetus, ovulation, gender, conception
S05-E|Current||Dentistry||Electric toothbrushes are covered by X27-A02A3A only. For sterilising apparatus see also S05-G. Anaesthesia is also in S05-L.|optical, motor, handpiece, tooth, grip, x-ray
S05-E01|Current|(1992-    )|Dental surgery apparatus|||
S05-E02|Current|(1992-    )|Dentistry peripherals (e.g. lamp or chair)|||Light
S05-E03|Current|(1997-    )|Diagnostic equipment and measurements e.g. X-rays|S05-E|Includes all electrical equipment for dental diagnosis and measurement. Includes initial electrical measurements for dental prosthetics design. See S05-D02 for radiation diagnosis in general.|
S05-F|Current|(1983-    )|Prostheses|||Implant, artificial, larynx, nerve, stimulating, tactile
S05-F01|Current|(1992-    )|Hearing aids||Includes only implanted hearing aids.(See W04-Y codes for all aspects of implanted and non-implanted hearing aids).|Ear, cochlea, deaf, sound
S05-F02|Current|(1992-    )|Internal incontinence device|||
S05-F03|Current|(1992-    )|Arm or leg prostheses|||Limb
S05-F04|Current|(1992-    )|Artificial heart pump||Includes permanent artificial hearts only. Blood pumping and treatment circuits for use during surgery, and therapy e.g. dialysis, are coded in S05-H. Heart pacemakers are coded in S05-A01A codes only. Heart pump motors are also coded in X25-L03A.|
S05-F05|Current|(1997-    )|Artificial aids for eyesight|||Corneal implant, artificial eyes, contact lens
S05-F09|Current|(1992-    )|Prostheses - other|||
S05-G|Current|(1983-    )|Sterilising; hospital equipment|S05-X|For dentistry equipment see S05-E also.|
S05-G01|Current|(1992-    )|Sterilising||Includes electrical equipment for sterilising or disinfecting medical equipment only. For sterilization of medical waste before disposal see S05-W. For non-medical sterilisation or disinfection see X27.|
S05-G01A|Current|(1992-    )|Sterilising using mechanical cleaning, or chemicals||Includes ultrasonic vibrations and disinfectant.|
S05-G01B|Current|(1992-    )|Sterilising using heat, radiation, or electricity||Sterilisation using hot gases, plasma or microwave radiation etc.|Ultraviolet, microwave, hot gas, steam
S05-G02|Current|(1992-    )|Hospital equipment||Includes equipment for transporting patients, operating theatre equipment, incubators, ambulance equipment, patient monitoring and life support systems. Also includes equipment for doctor surgeries, dentists, etc.|
S05-G02A|Current|(1992-    )|Hospital equipment for moving patients (includes wheelchairs)||Electric wheelchairs may also be coded as electric vehicles in X21, depending on claimed content.|Stretcher, trolley
S05-G02B|Current|(1992-    )|Hospital equipment - beds, nursing equipment|||Monitor
S05-G02B1|Current|(1997-    )|Hospital equipment - patient beds|S05-G02B|Includes beds configured for medical use; e.g. with adjustable frame, patient lifting apparatus, tiltable axes etc.|
S05-G02B2|Current|(1997-    )|Hospital equipment - patient monitoring|S05-G02B|Includes monitoring equipment for use by nurses for observation and long-term monitoring of e.g. unconscious patients in intensive care unit, ward etc. to determine change in condition, e.g. heart attack.|ITU, patient monitor
S05-G02B2A|Current|(1997-    )|Hospital equipment - monitoring patients from remote location|S05-G02B|Includes equipment for monitoring patients at home.|
S05-G02B2B|Current|(1997-    )|Portable hospital equipment||Includes monitoring equipment for use in e.g. ambulance and equipment which may be carried easily by a person.|Ambulance equipment, portable patient monitor
S05-G02B3|Current|(1997-    )|Life support systems|||
S05-G02B3A|Current|(2002-    )|Incubators for infants|||
S05-G02C|Current|(1992-    )|Operating theatre equipment||Operating tables specifically for radiation diagnosis go in S05-D02E only.|
S05-G02D|Current|(1992-    )|Nurse call systems||See also W05-A, and W01-C04 codes for intercoms.|
S05-G02E|Current|(1997-    )|Respiratory aids using gas|S05-G02|Includes devices for assisting respiratory system using gas, e.g. ventilators, inhalators etc., and monitoring mixture of supplied gas. See S05-A05A for assistance of respiration by e.g. mechanical/electrical means. See S05-D01C1 for aspects of breathing, exhaled air gas content and volume measurement.|Ventilator, breathing aid, inhalator
S05-G02F|Current|(2007-    )|Tissue and fluid extraction equipment||Electrical novelty in equipment used to withdraw fluids and tissue, e.g. for testing, therapy.|
S05-G02G|Current|(1992-    )|Medical IT systems||See also relevant T01 codes for computing aspects.|
S05-G02G1|Current|(1997-    )|Hospital equipment - patient's medical records|S05-G02G|For patient record storage and administration in e.g. hospital. See T01-J05B for database aspects.|Electronic patient record, EPR
S05-G02G2|Current|(1997-    )|Hospital equipment - health care administration|S05-G02G|Includes health administration and insurance processing systems. See T01-J05A2 for administration using computers in general.|Health care scheduling, health insurance, health cover
S05-G02G3|Current|(2005-    )|Data transfer/storage methods and apparatus|S05-G02G|Includes all aspects of data transfer between medical equipment, from equipment to central database or from remote location to medical centre. Includes encryption, image compression, access control, network or database details, etc.|
S05-G02G4|Current|(2006-    )|Treatment planning systems||This code is used for systems such as radiotherapy planning systems, wherein for example the size, shape and location of a tumour are used to calculate the most effective positioning and intensity of X-ray generators. Can be used with S05-A or S05-B codes if system is integral with therapeutic or surgical apparatus.|
S05-G02G9|Current|(2005-    )|Other medical IT systems methods/apparatus|S05-G02G|Includes medical surveys, population screening etc.|
S05-G02X|Current|(2012-    )|Other hospital equipment||Includes special equipment used in hospital bathrooms, such as baths for patients with lower body bone fractures or whole body bone fractures. Includes equipment used outside hospitals, e.g. at doctor surgeries, etc. Equipment, e.g. lamps, chairs, etc. used in dental surgeries are coded under S05-E02 only.|Gynaecological lamp
S05-H|Current|(1983-    )|Dialysis; pumping|S05-X|Permanent artificial hearts are coded in S05-F04 only, even if pumping aspects are claimed. Includes all aspects of filtering. Electrical aspects of pumps are also coded in X25-L03A.|Blood, flow, fluid, valve, piston, chamber, hemodialysis, liquid, monitor, kidney
S05-H01|Current|(1997-    )|Dialysis and blood treatment circuits|S05-H|Covers all aspects of blood treatment; blood oxygenators, filtering, artificial kidneys, dialysis systems etc.|Haemofiltration, diafiltration, oxygenator, blood treatment, peritoneal
S05-H02|Current|(1997-    )|Blood pumping systems|S05-H||Transfusion, blood pump, circulatory assistance
S05-J|Current|(1983-    )|Infusion and percutaneous fluid delivery||Includes all electrical aspects of syringes and intravenous fluid administering and control apparatus. For anaesthetic administration control see S05-L also.|Pump, reservoir, drug, valve, volume, deliver, meter, chamber, implant, membrane
S05-J01|Current|(1992-    )|Infusion - fluids|||Liquid, flow
S05-J01A|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring of intravenous fluid delivery|||
S05-J02|Current|(1992-    )|Infusion - drugs through skin||Delivery of drugs for anaesthesia is coded in S05-L02. See also S05-A04A for iontophoresis.|
S05-K|Current|(1992-    )|Aids for handicapped people (e.g. Braille devices)|S05-X||Blind, obstacle detection
S05-K01|Current|(1997-    )|Mobility aids|||Invalid vehicle, vehicle access, invalid mobility
S05-L|Current|(1992-    )|Anaesthesia|S05-X||
S05-L01|Current|(1997-    )|Anaesthesia - gas delivery systems|S05-L||
S05-L02|Current|(1997-    )|Anaesthesia - intravenous or intramuscular delivery systems|S05-L||Local anaesthesia, relaxation, analgesia
S05-M|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical drug storage and dosing|S05-X|Manufacturing details of medicines, tablets, etc are not coded under S05-M, but under X25-P02 (electrical details only). |
S05-M01|Current|(1997-    )|Drug delivery systems|S05-M||Drug dosing, drug delivery, dispenser
S05-M02|Current|(1997-    )|Monitoring medication compliance|S05-M|Arrangements for indicating time for taking medicine, programmed dispensers, monitoring medicines taken etc.|Regime, pill counter, timer
S05-M03|Current|(1997-    )|Drug storage systems|S05-M|Includes storage facilities for drugs, etc in hospitals, doctors' surgeries. |
S05-M04|Current|(1997-    )|Ventilator systems with medication|S05-M|See S05-G02E for respiratory aids e.g. ventilators.|Inhaler
S05-P|Current|(1997-    )|Medical simulation systems||For medical education using training and simulation aids, i.e. for training in medical procedures e.g. surgical, therapeutic, analysis, nursing etc. See W04-W07 for simulator systems, training and demonstration, and T01-J06A for data processing in medicine.|Medical education, medical simulation, medical training
S05-V|Current|(2007-    )|Veterinary||This code is to highlight veterinary application and can be used in conjunction with other S05 codes which highlight novelty. See also X25-N02 codes. Prior to Jan 2007 these were coded in S05-X.|Veterinary
S05-W|Current|(2015-    )|Medical waste management||Sterilization of medical waste before disposal. For sterilising or disinfecting medical equipment only see S05-G01. See also X25-W01 and X27-D.|
S05-X|Old|(    -2006)|Miscellaneous electrical medical equipment||Includes veterinary (see also X25-N02 codes), breathing monitoring, transplanting, teaching, atomising, and enuresis detection.|Air, respiration, valve, flow, patient, infant, pressure, gas
S05-X|Current|(2007-    )|Miscellaneous electrical medical equipment||From 2007, veterinary applications are coded under S05-V only. Includes teaching, transplanting, atomising and enuresis detection. For teaching involving training and simulations aids, see also S05-P.|Air, respiration, valve, flow, patient, infant, pressure, gas
S05-Y|Current|(2005-    )|Additional medical device details|||
S05-Y01|Current|(2005-    )|Testing and monitoring of medical equipment and systems||Includes methods and apparatus for alerting an operator when an abnormality occurs in an electrical medical apparatus.|
S05-Y02|Current|(2005-    )|Nano/micro scale medical devices|||
S05-Y03|Current|(2005-    )|Implantable medical devices|||
S05-Y04|Current|(2005-    )|Ingestible medical devices|||
S05-Y05|Current|(2007-    )|Control, monitoring and communication of internal devices||Includes e.g. magnetic control of ingestible devices, remote monitoring of implanted devices etc. Can be used in conjunction with specific device codes. See also W05-D codes for remote control, communication and monitoring apparatus per se.|
S06|Current||Electrophotography and photography|||
S06-A|Retired|(    -2009)|Electrography, electrophotography, magnetography*|S06-D to K|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D to K. See T04-G and W02-J codes for overlap with printers and facsimile. Includes electrical and non-electrical aspects.|Copier, copy, image, photocopier
S06-A01|Retired|(    -2009)|Recording members*|S06-E01|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01. Drum driving aspects are coded in S06-A03 codes only.|Layer, charge, conducting, image, surface, acceptor, compound, donor, dope
S06-A01A|Retired|(    -2009)|Photoconductive layers*|S06-E01A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01A. Includes all types of charge-generating layers and photosensitive paper. Also cross reference with T04-G04C for photosensitive materials for optical printer.|Hydrazone, photoreceiver, accept
S06-A01A1|Retired|(    -2009)|Organic photoconductive layers*|S06-E01A1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01A1.|Cyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic, quinone
S06-A01A2|Retired|(    -2009)|Inorganic photoconductive layers*|S06-E01A2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01A2.|Amorphous, silicon, selenium, carry, dope, surface, oxide, polycrystaline
S06-A01A3|Retired|(    -2009)|Sensitisers; binding materials*|S06-E01A3|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01A3.|Dye, composition, photosensitiser, organic, oxidative potential
S06-A01A4|Retired|(2007-2009)|Treatment of recording members*|S06-E01A4|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01A4. Includes application of a lubricant to the surface of the drum, etc.|
S06-A01A9|Retired|(1986-2009)|Other (photoconductive layer aspects)*|S06-E01A9|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01A9. Includes aspects of photoconductive belt/drum not covered by other S06-A01A codes.|
S06-A01B|Retired|(    -2009)|Carriers; intermediate or cover layers*|S06-E01B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01B.|Sensitive, image, amorphorous, coating, drum, base layer, protective layer
S06-A01D|Retired|(1977-2009)|Manufacture of recording members for magneto-, electro(photo)-graphy*|S06-E01C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01C. Includes deposition of layers on drum.|Depositing
S06-A01D1|Retired|(1977-2009)|Apparatus used for manufacturing of recording members for magneto-, electro(photo)-graphy*|S06-E01C1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01C1.|
S06-A01F|Retired|(1977-2009)|Temperature control*|S06-E01D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01D. For warming up photoconductor layers on drum or belt up to normal working operation temperature.|Heater
S06-A01X|Retired|(    -2009)|Other (Recording members)*|S06-E01X|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01X. Includes thermoplastic and photoelectric layers, paper treatment and manufacture, see S06-C02 codes for lithographic plate manufacture.|Image, electrostatic, surface, copy, substrate, polymer
S06-A02|Retired|(    -2009)|Sensitising*|S06-E02|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E02. Desensitisers for removing residual charge are coded in S06-A10B.|Electrode, surface, electrostatic
S06-A02A|Retired|(1977-2009)|Corona charger*|S06-E02A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E02A. Includes all aspects of corona discharge. If corona ring or loop is claimed, then also coded in X12-F04.|Discharge, electrode, grid, scorotron, corotron, dicorotron
S06-A02B|Retired|(1977-2009)|Contact charger*|S06-E02B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E02B.|Roller, brush
S06-A03|Retired|(    -2009)|Exposing*|S06-D, S06-E03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D/E03. Includes aspects of platen movement, copying station or unit holding original document, lens/mirror systems and drum and belt drive details.|
S06-A03A|Retired|(1983-2009)|Frame scanning*|S06-D01A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D01A. Includes slit and full frame scanning.|
S06-A03B|Retired|(1983-2009)|Line (i.e. raster) scanning*|S06-D01B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D01B. Raster output scanner|Laser, modulate, polygonal, mirror
S06-A03C|Retired|(1983-2009)|Synchronisation; changing magnification*|S06-D10A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D10A. If synchronisation with sheet feeding is involved, then S06-A12 codes are also assigned. Includes all aspects of magnification/reduction lens systems.|Size, variable, enlarge, ratio, paper, select, adjust
S06-A03D|Retired|(1992-2009)|Optical elements, e.g. lenses*|S06-D03, S06-E03B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D03/E03B. See also S06-A03A, or S06-A03B if specific to type of exposure.|Mirror
S06-A03E|Retired|(1992-2009)|Light source driver (e.g. biassing)*|S06-D02A, S06-E03A1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D02A/E03A1.|Illuminate, biassing
S06-A03E1|Retired|(1997-2009)|Light source per-se*|S06-D02, S06-E03A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D02/E03A. Includes lamps (see also X26) and e.g. laser (see also U12/V08).|Lamp, LED
S06-A03F|Retired|(1992-2009)|Driving system and construction*|S06-D04, S06-E03C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D04/E03C. Includes mountings for optical system|Glass, feed, position
S06-A03F1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Document feeder*|S06-D04B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D04B.|Original, sheet, page, contact glass
S06-A03G|Retired|(1992-2009)|Image reading appts.*|S06-D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D. Includes electronic image acquisition scanner, raster input scanner.|Read
S06-A03G1|Retired|(1997-2009)|Image sensor*|S06-D05|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D05. Electronic image CCD pick-up element of line type (see W02-J02A1 for facsimile type scanner) and of matrix type.|CCD
S06-A03G3|Retired|(1997-2009)|Determining details of original document*|S06-D06|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D06. Density and size measurement, color, page width/length, see also S02-A03B2 for length/width/thickness measurements.|
S06-A03H|Retired|(1992-2009)|Magnetographic and non-light exposure*|S06-D09|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D09.|
S06-A03X|Retired|(1992-2009)|Other (Exposing)*|S06-D09|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D09. Includes thermal and X-ray (electroradiography) exposure.|Electroradiography, X-ray
S06-A04|Retired|(    -2009)|Developing*|S06-E04|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04. Materials, e.g. liquids, toners, are coded in S06-A04C codes only. Includes copy density and darkness control and brush or magnetic applicator details. For removal of developer from drum see S06-A10A.|Bias, contrast, replenishment
S06-A04A|Retired|(    -2009)|Using solid developer*|S06-E04A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04A.|Powder particles
S06-A04A1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Dry toner supply and storage e.g. reservoir*|S06-E04C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04C. Toner supply from container, tank, hopper to developer chamber|
S06-A04A1A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Toner level detector*|S06-K07B1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07B1. See also S06-A14 for monitoring aspects.|Refill
S06-A04A1B|Retired|(2002-2009)|Toner density detector*|S06-K07B2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07B2. See also S06-A14 for monitoring aspects.|Refill
S06-A04A2|Retired|(1992-2009)|Toner application*|S06-E04C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04C. Includes application by magnetic brush arrangement, scavangeless.|
S06-A04A9|Retired|(1992-2009)|Other (using solid developer)*|S06-E04|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04.|
S06-A04B|Retired|(    -2009)|Using liquid developer*|S06-E04B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04B.|Flow, fluid, suspension
S06-A04C|Retired|(    -2009)|Developer materials*|S06-E04|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04. Codes in this section cover materials per se and their manufacture only. Includes toner details for electrophotographic facsimile and laser printer.|Compound, particle, cellulose, composition, copolymer, disperse, dry, magnetic
S06-A04C1|Retired|(    -2009)|Powder*|S06-E04A1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04A1.|Charge, resin, binder, component, polymer, coating
S06-A04C2|Retired|(    -2009)|Liquid*|S06-E04B1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04B1.|Suspension, polymer, resin, solvent, acid, aqueous, dispersion
S06-A04C5|Retired|(1997-2009)|Manufacture and manufacturing appts.*|S06-E04D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04D.|
S06-A04C9|Retired|(1997-2009)|Other (developer materials)*|S06-E04X|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04X.|Cyan, ester, solution, aerosol
S06-A04X|Retired|(1997-2009)|Other (developing)*|S06-E04X|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E04X. Storing waste toner for disposal.|
S06-A05|Retired|(    -2009)|Transferring images*|S06-E05|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E05. Includes removal of recording sheet from drum after transfer.|Surface, receive, separate, contact, dielectric
S06-A05A|Retired|(1997-2009)|Corona charger*|S06-E05A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E05A. Includes all aspects of corona discharge. If corona ring or loop is claimed, then also coded in X12-F04.|Discharge
S06-A05A1|Retired|(2002-2009)|Corona charger transfer of toner*|S06-E05A1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E05A1.|Discharge
S06-A05A2|Retired|(2002-2009)|Corona charger separation of paper*|S06-E05A2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E05A2.|Discharge
S06-A05B|Retired|(1997-2009)|Contact type charger*|S06-E05B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E05B. Transfer roller, blade, belt|
S06-A05B1|Retired|(2002-2009)|Transfer roller or belt, toner transfer details*|S06-E05B1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E05B1.|
S06-A05B2|Retired|(2002-2009)|Transfer roller or belt, paper separation details*|S06-E05B2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E05B2.|
S06-A05C|Retired|(1997-2009)|Intermediate belt/drum*|S06-E05C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E05C.|
S06-A05D|Retired|(2008-2009)|Care of transfer appts.*|S06-E05D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E05D. For lubrication of transfer roller, belt, intermediate roller or belt.|Lubricant
S06-A06|Retired|(    -2009)|Fixing*|S06-E06|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E06.|Flash
S06-A06A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Heat and pressure application*|S06-E06A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E06A. If heater aspects are claimed see X25-B codes also.|Fuse
S06-A06B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Roll and roll driving*|S06-E06B1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E06B1. Includes clearing jams in fixing system. See also S06-A12B.|Roller
S06-A06B1|Retired|(1997-2009)|Belt and belt driving*|S06-E06B2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E06B2.|
S06-A06C|Retired|(1992-2009)|Fuser oil composition and application*|S06-E06C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E06C.|
S06-A06C1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Fuser oil composition*|S06-E06C1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E06C1.|
S06-A06D|Retired|(1997-2009)|Lustre control*|S06-E06D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E06D.|Heating, gloss, pre-heating
S06-A06P|Retired|(2008-2009)|Pre-fixing*|S06-E06P|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E06P. E.g. for reducing the moisture content of the transfer material to increase its rigidity.|
S06-A06X|Retired|(1992-2009)|Other (fixing)*|S06-E06X|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E06X. Cooling|
S06-A07|Retired|(    -2009)|Multi-processing stations*|S06-E|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E. This code is used when the system or process as a whole is claimed rather than any specific aspect.|Processor cartridge
S06-A07A|Retired|(1997-2009)|Drive system for several imaging stations*|S06-E|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E. Driving linked colour stations|
S06-A08|Retired|(    -2009)|Using magnetic patterns or thermoplastic layers*|S06-E07|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E07. Includes all aspects of magnetography. Magnetic printer head details may also have T03-A03 codes assigned, depending on content. Magnetic line printers capable of use as computer peripherals are also coded in T04-G09.|Latent, heat, permeable, field, deformation
S06-A09|Retired|(    -2009)|Electrography not using charge patterns*|S06-E08|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E08. Includes electrophoresis.|Polymer, deform, electrostatic, field, impact, magnetic, paper
S06-A10|Retired|(    -2009)|Cleaning, residual charge elimination etc.*|S06-K06|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K06. Includes corona discharge, scrapers, ozone gas removal and charge-unifying drum exposure.|Develop, light, residue, dust, roll, collect, filter
S06-A10A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Toner removal*|S06-K06C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K06C. Involves removal of toner.|Surface, brush, lube block
S06-A10A1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Using blade*|S06-K06C1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K06C1.|Scraper
S06-A10B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Charge removal and ozone removal*|S06-K06B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K06B.|Drum, discharge
S06-A10C|Retired|(1997-2009)|Returning toner for re-use*|S06-K06C2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K06C2.|Recycle
S06-A10D|Retired|(2007-2009)|Transfer of toner to collection or waste container*|S06-K06C3|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K06C3. Covers mechanism for transferring toner to the collection or waste container for later removal and recycling outside the copier. See S06-A10C when the toner is recycled within the copier for immediate re-use. See S06-A17B for details of toner recycling systems.|
S06-A10E|Retired|(2007-2009)|Removal of other material, e.g. dust*|S06-K06D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K06D. Includes details of air cleaning systems. If cleaned air is expelled outside the copier, see also X27-E01B2 (electrical aspects only).|
S06-A11|Retired|(1980-2009)|Multicolour systems*|S06-K01|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K01. Used for any aspect of colour system, with other codes as appropriate. See also T04-G07 if for printer, and W02-J04 if for facsimile.|Dye, pigment, tint
S06-A11A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Full colour*|S06-K01A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K01A.|Four colour, magenta, cyan, yellow black
S06-A11B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Two colour, highlighting*|S06-K01B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K01B.|Red
S06-A12|Retired|(1983-2009)|Sheet handling/feeding*|S06-K02|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K02. Includes all mechanisms for transporting sheet through copier, collators and sorters. See also T04-G06A if for printer, and W02-J05A if for facsimile.|Paper, document, roller, guide, position, side, belt, detect, platen, path
S06-A12A|Retired|(1983-2009)|Multicopies; duplex*|S06-K02A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K02A.|Reverse, double, invert
S06-A12B|Retired|(1983-2009)|For different paper sizes*|S06-K02B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K02B. For feeding paper of different lengths and thickness.|
S06-A12C|Retired|(1992-2009)|Collators and sorters*|S06-K02C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K02C. Includes feeding paper containing classified info to a locked tray. Includes paper stores. For stapling, binding, and paper cutting see S06-A18.|Stack, tray
S06-A12D|Retired|(2002-2009)|Paper skew detection, skew correction, clearing jams*|S06-K02D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K02D. For clearing jams in fixing system see also S06-A06B.|
S06-A12E|Retired|(1997-2009)|Sheet decurling*|S06-K02E|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K02E.|
S06-A12F|Retired|(2008-2009)|Duplex sheet feed*||*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K02A.|
S06-A14|Retired|(1987-2009)|Control, monitoring, warning devices*|S06-K07|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07. Includes operating status display (for display control circuitry see T04-H codes), mode selection devices, microprocessor details (see also T01-J codes, e.g. T01-J08A), and recording inhibiting devices. See also T04-G10 codes if for printer.|
S06-A14A|Retired|(1992-2009)|User input and display*|S06-K07A1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A1. Includes mode selection keys, etc.|Indicate
S06-A14B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Monitoring and error detection*|S06-K07B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07B. See also W02-J03A5 for facsimile.|Fault, reset
S06-A14C|Retired|(1992-2009)|Control of copier operation*|S06-K07A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A. Covers general details of control system.|
S06-A14D|Retired|(1997-2009)|Power supply control*|S06-K07A2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A2.|
S06-A14E|Retired|(1997-2009)|Remote monitoring and control*|S06-K07C1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C1.|Billing
S06-A14F|Retired|(2005-2009)|Management of confidential/secure documents, e.g. prevention of illegal copying*|S06-K07A3|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A3. Preventing illegal copying of banknotes, securities and private documents, recognising copy prevention marks on documents, output to authorised operator. See also T01/T04 for image processing aspects and T05-J for testing of securities, banknotes, etc.|
S06-A15|Retired|(2002-2009)|Electrophotographic copier rollers*|S06-K03H|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03H. General constructional details of rollers.|
S06-A16|Retired|(1987-2009)|Electronic copier*|S06-K07|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07.|
S06-A16A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Digital copier, editing copier*|S06-K07A4|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A4. Includes picture processing and modification aspects of otherwise conventional appt.|
S06-A16B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Systems with non-electrophotographic input or output arrangements*|S06-K99B together with S06-F/G/H/J codes|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K99B a together with S06-F/G/H/J codes. Includes systems with CCD sensor input, and thermal output.|
S06-A16C|Retired|(1997-2009)|Systems with electrophotographic and non-electrophotographic output*|S06-K99B together with S06-F/G/H/J codes|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K99B a together with S06-F/G/H/J codes.|
S06-A17|Retired|(1997-2009)|Recycling Systems*|S06-K04|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K04. From 2005 covers all aspects of recycling. See also T04-G11B for printer, and/or W02-J05D for facsimile. See also X25-W04 for electrical aspects of recycling systems in general.|
S06-A17A|Retired|(2005-2009)|Paper Recycling*|S06-K04A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K04A. For removing toner from recording paper to enable re-use of paper.|Paper
S06-A17B|Retired|(2005-2009)|Toner Recycling*|S06-K04B together with apprioriate S06-E04 codes|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K04B together with apprioriate S06-E04 codes.|
S06-A17C|Retired|(2005-2009)|Component Recycling*|S06-K04C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K04C. See also V04/X12 for recycling electrical components.|
S06-A18|Retired|(1992-2009)|Finishing apparatus*|S06-K05|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K05. For collators and sorters see S06-A12C.|
S06-A18A|Retired|(1997-2009)|Stapling, binding, paper cutting, paper punching, paper folding*|S06-K05A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K05A. Includes bookbinding/stapling/cutting/punching devices situated inside the copier or separate bookbinding/stapling/cutting/punching machines attached to the copier.|
S06-A18B|Retired|(2006-2009)|Laminating*|S06-K05B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K05B. See also T04-G06B if for printer, and/or W02-J05B if for facsimile.|Laminating, protective layer
S06-A18C|Retired|(2008-2009)|Shredding*|S06-K05C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K05C. Includes immediate shredding directly after scanning.|
S06-A18D|Retired|(2008-2009)|Attachment or printing of copy prevention marks to document to prevent forgery*|S06-K05D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K05D. Includes applying a magnetic wire, RFID tag, etc., as part of the printing process. If attaching a RFID tag, see also T04-K codes. Detection of copy prevention marks on documents are coded under S06-A14F. Details on watermarking also coded under T01.|
S06-A19|Retired|(1992-2009)|Construction*|S06-K03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03. Includes details of machine casing, framework, etc., and also internal mounting arrangements of components and modules. See also T04-G11 if for printer. Constructional details of the scanning arrangement, including document feeding through the scanner, are coded under S06-A03F only.|
S06-A19A|Retired|(1997-2009)|Paper holders*|S06-K03B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03B.|Container, storage
S06-A19A1|Retired|(1997-2009)|Cassettes*|S06-K03B1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03B1. For holding paper sheets before being fed for copying onto.|Container
S06-A19A2|Retired|(1997-2009)|Trays, bins*|S06-K03B2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03B2. For receiving documents or copy paper sheets after copying operation, duplex intermediate tray.|
S06-A19B|Retired|(1997-2009)|Ventilation and humidifying mechanisms*|S06-K03C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03C.|Fan
S06-A19C|Retired|(1997-2009)|Frames, casings, bearings*|S06-K03D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03D.|
S06-A19D|Retired|(2007-2009)|Manufacture and manufacturing apparatus*|S06-K03E|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03E. Covers manufacturing method and apparatus for the manufacture of copier elements. See also T04-G11A if for printer.|
S06-A19E|Retired|(2008-2009)|Packaging for electrography, electrophotography and magnetography*|V04-X together with S06-K99 codes|*This code is now discontinued, see V04-X together with S06-K99 codes.|
S06-A20|Retired|(    -2009)|Other (electrography, electrophotography, magnetography)*|S06-E09|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E09. Recording paper is covered by S06-A01X. Includes forming electrostatic latent image as initial stage in data acquisition for e.g. audio and video systems, e.g. still picture camera with electrostatic latent image production (see also T03 and W04). Includes electrophotographic displays (see W05-E codes also), recycling other than paper and ink (see S06-A17, S06-A10C), non-copiable documents, etc.|Display, light
S06-B|Current||Photography||Electrical aspects only are included. Video and electronic still-picture cameras are covered by W04-M01 codes.|Image, optical, instant-picture, SLR, disc, roll, cartridge, film
S06-B01|Current||Photography - focussing; indicating|||Lens, automatic, adjust, reflect, drive, intensity, light, display
S06-B01A|Current|(1983-    )|Photography - focus detection; rangefinders||Rangefinders combined with surveying navigating apparatus are coded in S02-B01. (See W06-A codes for radar and analogous systems).|Position, distance, beam, drive, element, IR, infrared, ultrasonic, UV, ultraviolet
S06-B01B|Current|(1983-    )|Photography - lens positioning; indicating||Includes all aspects of positioning motors (see also V06), viewfinder display details and film data marking apparatus.|Focal, alarm
S06-B01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Photography - lens positioning|||Length, barrel, zoom, correcting focus
S06-B01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Photography - film data marking|||Information, record, print, time, date
S06-B01B2A|Current|(1997-    )|Photography - film data marking optically|||LED
S06-B01B2B|Current|(1997-    )|Photography - film data marking magnetically|||Magnetic head
S06-B01C|Current|(1997-    )|Photography - displays|S06-B01B2||LCD
S06-B01E|Current|(1997-    )|Photography - eye gaze direction detection||Detects pupil of eye for controlling direction of line for auto-focussing or line of view. See S05-D01C5A for eye ball position detection.|
S06-B02|Current||Camera exposure control|||Automatic, lens, manual, speed
S06-B02A|Current||Camera light metering||See also S03-A01 codes.|Intensity, compensate, bright, photometry
S06-B02B|Current||Camera exposure time and aperture evaluation and setting||Includes evaluation using film speed/sensitivity information.|
S06-B02B1|Current|(1997-    )|Camera reading data from film/film cartridge||Using pre-set data on film or cartridge to automatically set camera. Reading magnetic marking see T04 and T03 codes also.|DX code
S06-B02B2|Current|(1997-    )|Camera aperture/shutter speed setting||Includes manual input for pre-setting aperture size or shutter speed.|
S06-B02C|Current||Camera shutter and aperture control||Includes remote actuation.|Electromagnet, magnet, motor, drive, blade, diaphragm, mechanism, open, time
S06-B02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Camera shutter and aperture control - remote actuation||See W05-D04 codes for optical or radio controlled system.|
S06-B02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Camera actuation using timer delay||See also S04-C01.|
S06-B02E|Current|(1997-    )|Camera shake detection/correction||For sensing movement due to user of camera in order to perform compensation e.g. optically using lens or to warn user of excessive movement or to prevent photo-taking operation.|Movement sensing
S06-B03|Current||Photography - flash units||Part of camera, lamps, tubes, reflectors, fittings, and operating circuits are coded in X26 also.|Illuminate, pulse, strobe, gun, trigger, charge, built-in
S06-B03A|Current|(1983-    )|Photography - electronic flash units||Covers discharge tube flash units, xenon discharge tube, capacitor discharge circuit.|capacitor discharge, xenon lamp
S06-B03A1|Current|(2002-    )|Pre-light emission||Pre-light emission before discharge of flash to prevent red eye.|
S06-B03B|Current|(1983-    )|Photography - non-electronic flash units||Covers incandescent lamp flash units.|
S06-B04|Current|(1983-    )|Film processing||Electrical aspects of developing exposed film, exposing photographic paper, scanning negative, developing exposed film and paper. Includes electrical aspects of X-ray film processing.|Image, colour, print, expose, negative, positive, copy, dark-room
S06-B04A|Current|(1983-    )|Photographic printing apparatus||Electrical aspects of printer for wet developing of photographic film or paper to produce photographic print. Control and monitoring of process. For positive or negative scanning to provide digital image to computer and computer output appt. see S06-B06B. For printing from digital camera see also W04 especially W04-D10, for non-wet printing see T04-G.|
S06-B04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Photographic printing apparatus - copiers using microcapsule sheets|||Cylith, cycolour
S06-B04A2|Current|(2005-    )|Processing exposed film||Electrical aspects of developing, fixing, washing and drying negative.|
S06-B04A3|Current|(2005-    )|Processing developed negatives||Electrical aspects of processing developed negative to produce photographic prints. Enlarging, exposing, rinsing, fixing, washing, drying|
S06-B04A5|Retired|(1992-2004)|Photographic printing apparatus - control and monitoring*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to S06-B04A2 for film/slide processing, including control and monitoring details and S06-B04A3 for print/slide making, as well as control and monitoring details and modification of exposure based on e.g. negative characteristics.|
S06-B04B|Current|(1983-    )|Photographic film manufacture; processing exposed material||Includes electrical aspects of photographic film manufacture only. See S06-B04A2 for developing exposed film and electrical aspects of chemical, thermal development and S06-B04A3 for developing photographic paper and electrical aspects of chemical, thermal development.|Develop, electrolytic, solution, emulsion, heat, dry, flow, fluid, liquid, mix, roll, silver, agitate, recovery, halide
S06-B04C|Current|(1997-    )|Photographic film order processing|||Mini-lab, direct plate exposure
S06-B04E|Current|(1997-    )|Photographic film or paper feeding (not in camera)|||Convey, feed
S06-B05|Current||Cinematography||Includes cinema equipment and projectors. for motion picture film, telecine machine. Magnetic and video recording are covered by T03 and W04.|Cine, picture, motion, sound, track, record, tape, frame, television, telecine, reel, synchronising, screen
S06-B06|Current|(1983-    )|Cinematography - projectors, viewers (incl. Microform)|S06-B09|Video projectors are covered by W04-Q01 codes and only coded in S06-B06 if they are either a permanent part of a photographic projector, or intended for use as an overhead projector transparency. For projector synchronisation with audio/video recording apparatus see W04-K01 also.|Transparency, cassette, frame
S06-B06A|Current|(1992-    )|Cinematography - projectors|||Display, slide, screen, reel
S06-B06B|Current|(1992-    )|Cinematography - viewers||Scanning positive or negative to provide digital image to computer, printer, self service kiosk etc.|
S06-B06C|Current|(1992-    )|Microfilm apparatus|||Read, fiche, microfiche
S06-B08|Current|(1983-    )|Camera electrics - other|S06-B09|Includes e.g. motorised control for instant-picture camera, eyepiece lamps, microprocessor control of camera and/or lens etc., mode selection control. Remote control is covered by S06-B02C1.|Control, drive, data, transmission
S06-B08A|Current|(1992-    )|Camera film winding|||Reel, perforation detection
S06-B08B|Current|(1997-    )|Camera film loading detection||For determining correct cartridge loading and film feed.|
S06-B08C|Current|(1997-    )|Camera power source details||Includes storage compartments for battery and detection of battery voltage level. See also X16 for battery details, if measuring battery level see X16 and S01. See U24 for power supply details.|Battery
S06-B09|Current||Photography - other||Includes electrical aspects of X-ray photography (processing is also coded in S06-B04 codes).|Radiate, beam, colour, cassette, medical, tomography, photobooth, separate flash units and lighting units, photothermography
S06-C|Current||Printing||Includes electrical aspects of presses, rotary machines etc. but not character and line printers, printers as computer peripherals, which are covered by T04-G codes. For textile printing see also X25-T.|Colour, image, scan, picture
S06-C01|Current||Photoelectronic composing; controlling composing machines||Pre-press proofing, colour proofing.|Character, select, text, space, graphic, laser, font, phototypeset, typeset
S06-C02|Current||Printing plate production; colour separations||Imagesetter, platesetter, computer to plate, electrophotographic plates per se are coded in S06-A01X.|Tone, beam, half, night, pixel, reproduce, lithography, flat-bed scanner, drum, gravure
S06-C02A|Current|(1992-    )|Printing plate production|||
S06-C02A1|Current|(2006-    )|Computer to plate manufacture||Covers all aspects of direct plate manufacture and production from computer original without intermediate stages. See also T01 for computer design aspects.|CTP, computer-to-plate
S06-C02B|Current|(1992-    )|Printing - colour separation|||
S06-C03|Current||Printing, press control||Control of flexographic, offset lithographic, screen printing, gravure, printing processes, etc.|Machine, plate, rotating, cylinder, sheet, roll, ink, offset, lithography, stencil printer
S06-C03A|Current|(1992-    )|Printing - control||Control system for plate loading, sheet feeding, wash-up, damping, inking and registering, etc.|
S06-C04|Current|(2008-    )|Media conveying details||Includes electrical details of media, e.g. paper or web, conveying in printer, e.g. offset printer.|
S06-C05|Current|(2002-    )|Print finishing equipment||Novel electrical aspects of sheet/batch collators, folders, booklet makers, binders, perforator, scorer., numberer|Staple, sheet separation, stack, bind, feed
S06-C09|Current||Printing - other||For textile printing see also X25-T.|
S06-D|Current|(2010-    )|Scanning Systems|S06-A03, W02-J01, W02-J02A|Includes aspects of platen movement, copying station or unit holding original document, lens/mirror systems, drum and belt drive details and scanning drive (See also V07-K05). See also U14-H01B for thin film image sensor, U13-A01 and U13-A02 for circuitry and CCD. Details of scanners that are not patr of an image forming device (e.g. falt bed scanners) are coded in T04-M only.|
S06-D01|Current|(2010-    )|Scanning Type|||
S06-D01A|Current|(2010-    )|Frame Scanning|S06-A03A|Includes slit and full frame scanning.|
S06-D01B|Current|(2010-    )|Raster/Line Scanning|S06-A03B|Raster output scanner|Laser, modulate, polygonal, mirror
S06-D02|Current|(2010-    )|Light Source|S06-A03E1|Lamps (see also X26) and e.g. laser (see also U12/V08).|Lamp, LED
S06-D02A|Current|(2010-    )|Light Source Driving|S06-A03E||Illuminate, biassing
S06-D03|Current|(2010-    )|Optical Elements|S06-A03D, W02-J01A|See also S06-D01 if specific to type of exposure.|Polygonal
S06-D04|Current|(2010-    )|Drive System and Construction|S06-A03F, W02-J01B|Includes mountings for optical system. also V06 codes for motor details.|Glass, feed, position
S06-D04A|Current|(2010-    )|Position detection and adjustment|W02-J01C|Includes control and error compensation of scanning velocity and position.|
S06-D04B|Current|(2010-    )|Document feeder in scanning system|S06-A03F1|Feeding of paper through the copier other than through the scanning arrangements are coded under S06-K02|Original, sheet, page, contact glass
S06-D05|Current|(2010-    )|Sensors|S06-A03G1, W02-J02A1|Electronic image CCD pick-up element of line type and of matrix type.|CCD, photoelectric detector, thin film image sensor, multi-element array
S06-D05A|Current|(2010-    )|Integral reading circuity|W02-J02A1A||
S06-D06|Current|(2010-    )|Determining details of original document|S06-A03G3|Density and size measurement, color, page width/length, see also S02-A03B2 for length/width/thickness measurements.|
S06-D09|Current|(2010-    )|Non-light exposure|S06-A03H, S06-A03X|Includes thermal and X-ray (electroradiography) exposure.|Electroradiography, X-ray
S06-D10|Current|(2010-    )|Combined scanning and printing arrangements|||
S06-D10A|Current|(2010-    )|Synchronising, changing magnification|S06-A03C|If synchronisation with sheet feeding is involved, then S06-K02 codes are also assigned. Includes all aspects of magnification/reduction lens systems.|Size, variable, enlarge, ratio, paper, select, adjust
S06-E|Current|(2010-    )|Electrophotographic Image Production|S06-A, T04-G04, W02-J02B2||
S06-E01|Current|(2010-    )|Recording members|S06-A01, T04-G04C|Drum driving aspects are coded in S06-E03 codes only. Includes photosenstive paper, photoconductive belt, drum, etc. Toner is coded under S06-E04 only. Constructional details are also coded under S06-K03.|Layer, charge, conducting, image, surface, acceptor, compound, donor, dope, photoconductor, belt
S06-E01A|Current|(2010-    )|Photoconductive layers|S06-A01A|Includes all types of charge-generating layers and photosensitive paper. Also cross reference with T04-G04C for photosensitive materials for optical printer.|Hydrazone, photoreceiver, accept
S06-E01A1|Current|(2010-    )|Organic|S06-A01A1||Cyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic, quinone
S06-E01A2|Current|(2010-    )|Inorganic|S06-A01A2||Amorphous, silicon, selenium, carry, dope, surface, oxide, polycrystaline
S06-E01A3|Current|(2010-    )|Sensitiser; binding materials|S06-A01A3||Dye, composition, photosensitiser, organic, oxidative potential
S06-E01A4|Current|(2010-    )|Treatment of recording members|S06-A01A4|Includes application of a lubricant to the surface of the drum, etc.|
S06-E01A9|Current|(2010-    )|Other (photoconductive layer aspects)|S06-A01A9|Includes aspects of photoconductive belt/drum not covered by other S06-E01A codes|
S06-E01B|Current|(2010-    )|Carriers; intermediate or cover layers|S06-A01B||Sensitive, image, amorphorous, coating, drum, base layer, protective layer
S06-E01C|Current|(2010-    )|Manufacture|S06-A01D|Includes deposition of layers on drum.|Depositing
S06-E01C1|Current|(2010-    )|Manufacturing apparatus|S06-A01D1||
S06-E01D|Current|(2010-    )|Temperature Control|S06-A01F|For warming up photoconductor layers on drum or belt up to normal working operation temperature. The control aspect is also coded by S06-K07A1. See also X25-B codes for details of electric heating.|Heater
S06-E01X|Current|(2010-    )|Other (recording members)|S06-A01X|Includes thermoplastic and photoelectric layers, paper treatment and manufacture, see S06-C02 codes for lithographic plate manufacture. Electric details of paper manufacture is also coded under X25-T09A.|Image, electrostatic, surface, copy, substrate, polymer
S06-E02|Current|(2010-    )|Sensitising|S06-A02|Desensitisers for removing residual charge are coded in S06-K06.|Electrode, surface, electrostatic
S06-E02A|Current|(2010-    )|Corona charger|S06-A02A|Includes all aspects of corona discharge. If corona ring or loop is claimed, then also coded in X12-F04.|Discharge, electrode, grid, scorotron, corotron, dicorotron
S06-E02B|Current|(2010-    )|Contact charger|S06-A02B||Roller, brush
S06-E03|Current|(2010-    )|Exposure|S06-A03|See also S06-D for combined scanning and printing arrangements|
S06-E03A|Current|(2010-    )|Light Source (for exposure)|S06-A03E1, T04-G04B|See X26 for lamp details, for LED heads see also U12-A01A3 or U12-A01A6.|Lamp, LED
S06-E03A1|Current|(2010-    )|Light Source Driving (for exposure)|S06-A03E||Illuminate, biassing
S06-E03A2|Current|(2010-    )|Light source type - LED|W02-J02B2A||
S06-E03A3|Current|(2010-    )|Light source type - Laser|W02-J02B2B||
S06-E03B|Current|(2010-    )|Optical Elements|S06-A03D, T04-G04A1||Polygonal, galvanometer
S06-E03C|Current|(2010-    )|Drive System and Construction|S06-A03F, T04-G04A2|Includes mountings for optical system. Details of sheet feeding are coded under S06-K02 codes. See also V06 codes for motor details.|Scan
S06-E03C1|Current|(2010-    )|Position detection and adjustment|||
S06-E04|Current|(2010-    )|Developing|S06-A04|Includes copy density and darkness control and brush or magnetic applicator details. For removal of developer from drum see S06-K06. For colour developer, see also S06-K01 codes. See also S06-K07B1A and S06-K07B1B for level detection and density detection of developing agent respectively. Inkjet inks and thermal ink ribbons are not coded here, but are coded by S06-G04 and S06-H02 respectively.|Bias, contrast, replenishment
S06-E04A|Current|(2010-    )|Using solid developer|S06-A04A||powder particles
S06-E04A1|Current|(2010-    )|Composition of solid developer|S06-A04C1||Charge, resin, binder, component, polymer,
S06-E04B|Current|(2010-    )|Using liquid developer|S06-A04B||Flow, fluid, suspension
S06-E04B1|Current|(2010-    )|Composition of liquid developer|S06-A04C2||Suspension, polymer, resin, solvent, acid, aqueous, dispersion
S06-E04C|Current|(2010-    )|Developer application|S06-A04A2|Includes application by magnetic brush arrangement, scavangeless.|
S06-E04D|Current|(2010-    )|Manufacture of developer agent|S06-A04C5||
S06-E04E|Current|(2010-    )|Toner supply and storage|S06-A04C9, S06-A04X||
S06-E04X|Current|(2010-    )|Other developing and developer materials|S06-A04C9, S06-A04X||
S06-E05|Current|(2010-    )|Transferring images|S05-A05|Includes removal of recording sheet from drum after transfer.|Surface, receive, separate, contact, dielectric
S06-E05A|Current|(2010-    )|Corona charger|S06-A05A|Includes all aspects of corona discharge. If corona ring or loop is claimed, then also coded in X12-F04.|Discharge
S06-E05A1|Current|(2010-    )|Corona charger - transfer of developer|S06-A05A1||
S06-E05A2|Current|(2010-    )|Corona charger - separation of paper|S06-A05A2||
S06-E05B|Current|(2010-    )|Contact type charger|S05-A05B||Transfer roller, blade, belt
S06-E05B1|Current|(2010-    )|Contact type charger - transfer of developer|S06-A05B1||
S06-E05B2|Current|(2010-    )|Contact type charger - separation of paper|S06-A05B2||
S06-E05C|Current|(2010-    )|Intermediate belt/drum|S06-A05C||
S06-E05D|Current|(2010-    )|Care of transfer apparatus|S06-A05D|For lubrication of transfer roller, belt, intermediate roller or belt.|Lubricant
S06-E06|Current|(2010-    )|Fixing|S06-A06||Flash
S06-E06A|Current|(2010-    )|Heat and pressure application|S06-A06A|If heater aspects are claimed see X25-B codes also.|
S06-E06B|Current|(2010-    )|Fuser mechanism and driving|||
S06-E06B1|Current|(2010-    )|Fuser roller|S06-A06B|See also S06-K03H for constructional details of rollers.|Roller
S06-E06B2|Current|(2010-    )|Fuser belt|S06-A06B1||
S06-E06C|Current|(2010-    )|Fuser oil|S06-A06C||
S06-E06C1|Current|(2010-    )|Fuser oil composition|S06-A06C1||
S06-E06D|Current|(2010-    )|Lustre control|S06-A06D||Heating, gloss, pre-heating
S06-E06P|Current|(2010-    )|Pre-fixing|S06-A06P|E.g. for reducing the moisture content of the transfer material to increase its rigidity.|
S06-E06X|Current|(2010-    )|Other fixing details|S06-A06X||Cooling
S06-E07|Current|(2010-    )|Using magnetic patterns or thermoplastic layers|S06-A08, T04-G09|Includes all aspects of magnetography. Magnetic printer head details may also have T03-A03 codes assigned, depending on content. Includes magnetic line printers used as computer peripherals.|Latent, heat, permeable, field, deformation
S06-E08|Current|(2010-    )|Electrography not using charge patterns|S06-A09|Includes electrophoresis.|Polymer, deform, electrostatic, field, impact, magnetic, paper
S06-F|Current|(2010-    )|Impact Image Production|T04-G01|Includes mechanical action. Electromagnet and solenoid drive aspects are coded in V02-E02A also.|Armature, coil
S06-F01|Current|(2010-    )|Dot Printer|T04-G01A||Matrix, pin, wire, needle
S06-F02|Current|(2010-    )|Using Type|T04-G01B|Self contained typewriters are in S06-K99A.|Select, hammer, daisy-wheel, disc, step, font, typeface, golf-ball
S06-F03|Current|(2010-    )|Ribbon|T04-G01C|Includes printer ribbon re-inking.|Ink, cassette
S06-G|Current|(2010-    )|Ink-Jet Image Production|T04-G02, W02-J02B3||Liquid, dye, nozzle, resin, water, channel, drop, pressure, reservoir, eject, electrode, pulse
S06-G01|Current|(2010-    )|Drop-on-demand|T04-G02A||Thermal ink-jet, bubble, piezoelectric, ultrasound
S06-G02|Current|(2010-    )|Selective drop deflection|T04-G02B||Charge, electrode, stream, gutter, continuous
S06-G03|Current|(2010-    )|Printhead details|T04-G02A1, T04-G02B1, W02-J02B5|Search together with S06-K03 for constructional and manufacturing details. See also S06-G01 or S06-G02 to highlight the type of inkjet system. See also S06-K06A for printhead cleaning. Details of piezoelectric elements for inkjet printheads are also coded under V06-M06D.|
S06-G04|Current|(2010-    )|Inkjet ink|T04-G02C||
S06-G05|Current|(2010-    )|Recording Media|T04-G02E|Includes media composition and manufacture. Includes pre-print application of liquid (not ink) to paper/ pre-treatment of paper for ink jet printing. See also X25-T09A for electrical details of paper manufacture.|Paper, fabrics, OHP sheet, recording pattern of LCD screen
S06-G06|Current|(2010-    )|Ink Chamber/Cartridge|T04-G02G|See also S06-K03 for chamber construction. Search together with S06-G03 for combined chamber and printhead details. See also S06-K07B1A and S06-K07B1B for level detection and density detection of inkjet ink respectively.|
S06-G06A|Current|(2010-    )|Refilling of ink cartridge|T04-G02F||
S06-G07|Current|(2010-    )|Post ink application processing|T04-G02H|Includes processes for treating ink after application using e.g. heat or UV light.|
S06-G10|Current|(2010-    )|Applications of ink-jet printing technology||Previously coded as T04-G02J. Covers printing on non-paperlike media, e.g. CD (see also T03). Includes textile printing (see also X25-T04D), Manufacturing LCD screens and filters (see also U14). 3D printing and other industrial applications using inkjet technology (see also X25-A08).|
S06-H|Current|(2010-    )|Thermal Image Production|T04-G03, W02-J02B1|Includes thermal ink compositions and heat sensitive paper and ribbons. For photo-thermography, see also S06-E04.|Transfer, thermosensitive, resistive elements, thermal transfer ink ribbon
S06-H01|Current|(2010-    )|Using thermally sensitive paper|T04-G03A||
S06-H01A|Current|(2010-    )|Composition of heat-sensitive layer|T04-G03A1||
S06-H02|Current|(2010-    )|Using thermal ribbon|T04-G03B|Includes use of thermal transfer sheets.|Cartridge
S06-H02A|Current|(2010-    )|Thermal ink composition|T04-G03B1|Includes composition and manufacture of thermal ink. If colour ink, see also S06-K01. Ink for inkjet printer is only coded under S06-G02C.|Dye
S06-H03|Current|(2010-    )|Printhead details for thermal printer|T04-G03C|See also S06-K06A for printhead cleaning. For thin-film resistor heads see also U14 codes, e.g. U14-H01B.|
S06-J|Current|(2010-    )|Electrode (e.g. electrosensitive/erosive) Image Production|T04-G05||
S06-K|Current|(2010-    )|Image Production Units features||Covers features common to all printer types such as paper feeding and control systems.|
S06-K01|Current|(2010-    )|Colour system|S06-A11, T04-G04, W02-J07|Used for any aspect of colour system, with other codes as appropriate.|Dye, pigment, tint
S06-K01A|Current|(2010-    )|Full colour|S06-A11A||Colour, magenta, cyan, yellow, black, CMY, CMYB, RGB
S06-K01B|Current|(2010-    )|Two colour, highlighting|S06-A11B||
S06-K02|Current|(2010-    )|Sheet feeding|S06-A12, T04-G06A, W02-J05A.|Includes all mechanisms for transporting sheet through copier, collators and sorters. For feeding of an original document through a scanner, see S06-D04B only. Constructional details of sheet feeding mechanisms are coded under S06-K03 codes.|Paper roll, paper tray, document holder
S06-K02A|Current|(2010-    )|Multicopies; duplex|S06-A12A||Reverse, double, invert
S06-K02B|Current|(2010-    )|For different paper size, clearing jams, skew correction|S06-A12B|For feeding paper of different lengths and thickness. Paper skew detection is coded by S06-K02D.|
S06-K02C|Current|(2010-    )|Collators and sorters|S06-A12C|Feeding paper containing classified info to a locked tray. See T04-J codes for feeding outside printing unit.|
S06-K02D|Current|(2010-    )|Paper skew detection|S06-A12D|Paper skew correction is coded by S06-K02B. For clearing jams in fixing system see also S06-E06.|
S06-K02E|Current|(2010-    )|Sheet decurling|S06-A12E.||
S06-K03|Current|(2010-    )|Construction|S06-A19, T04-G11, W02-J05, W02-J06|Includes details of machine casing, framework, etc., and also internal mounting arrangements of components and modules.|
S06-K03A|Current|(2010-    )|Carriage/Motor aspects|T04-G06|Includes all carriage systems not coded elsewhere. Constructional details of motors are covered by V06 codes.|
S06-K03B|Current|(2010-    )|Paper Holders|S06-A19A.||Container, storage
S06-K03B1|Current|(2010-    )|Cassettes|S06-A19A1|For holding paper sheets before being fed for copying onto.|
S06-K03B2|Current|(2010-    )|Trays, bins|S06-A19A2|For receiving documents or copy paper sheets after copying operation, duplex intermediate tray|
S06-K03C|Current|(2010-    )|Ventilation and humidifying mechanisms|S06-A19B||Fan
S06-K03D|Current|(2010-    )|Frames, cases, bearing|S06-A19C||
S06-K03E|Current|(2010-    )|Manufacture and manufacturing apparatus|S06-A19D|Covers manufacturing method and apparatus for the manufacture of elements.|
S06-K03F|Current|(2010-    )|Connectors, circuitry|W02-J05C||
S06-K03G|Current|(2010-    )|Power supply|W02-J06|Includes mains and battery supplies for all types of units including portable systems. Control aspect of power supplies are coded by S06-K07A2 only. Also includes protection circuits. See U24-D, U24-E, U24-F and U24-X codes.|Surge, overload, back-up
S06-K03H|Current|(2010-    )|Rollers|S06-A15|General constructional details of rollers. See also S06-E05B for transfer roller or S06-E06B1 for fuser roller.|
S06-K04|Current|(2010-    )|Recycling|S06-A17, T04-G11B, W02-J05D|See also X25-W04 for electrical aspects of recycling systems in general.|
S06-K04A|Current|(2010-    )|Paper recycling|A06-A17A|For removing toner from recording paper to enable re-use of paper.|
S06-K04B|Current|(2010-    )|Recording agents recycling|S06-A17B||
S06-K04C|Current|(2010-    )|Components recycling|S06-A17C|See also V04/X12 for recycling electrical components.|
S06-K05|Current|(2010-    )|Finishing|S06-A18, T04-G06B, W02-J05B|For collators and sorters see S06-K02C.|
S06-K05A|Current|(2010-    )|Stapling, binding, cutting, punching, folding|S06-A18A|Includes bookbinding/stapling/cutting/punching devices situated inside the copier or separate bookbinding/stapling/cutting/punching machines attached to the copier.|
S06-K05B|Current|(2010-    )|Laminating|S06-A18B||Laminating, protective layer
S06-K05C|Current|(2010-    )|Shredding|S06-A18C, T04-G06S|Includes immediate shredding directly after scanning/printing.|
S06-K05D|Current|(2010-    )|Attachment of anti-copy mark|S06-A18D|Includes applying a magnetic wire, RFID tag, etc., as part of the printing process. If attaching a RFID tag, see also T04-K codes. Detection of copy prevention marks on documents are also coded under S06-K07A3. Details on watermarking also coded under T01.|
S06-K06|Current|(2010-    )|Cleaning/Recording Agent Removal|S06-A10, T04-G02D|Covers mechanism for transferring toner to the collection or waste container for later removal and recycling outside the copier. For details of toner or ink recycling, see S06-K04B.|
S06-K06A|Current|(2010-    )|Printhead cleaning|||
S06-K06B|Current|(2010-    )|Charge and ozone removal|S06-A10B||Drum, discharge
S06-K06C|Current|(2010-    )|Removing excess developer agent|S06-A10A|Involves removal of toner.|
S06-K06C1|Current|(2010-    )|Using blade|S06-A10A1||Scraper, doctor blade
S06-K06C2|Current|(2010-    )|Returning toner / ink for re-use|S06-A10C||
S06-K06C3|Current|(2010-    )|Transfer of developing agent to waste container|S06-A10D|Covers mechanism for transferring developing agent to the collection or waste container for later removal and recycling outside the printer/copier/facsimile. See S06-K06C2 when the toner is recycled within the copier for immediate re-use. See S06-K04B for details of recording agents recycling.|
S06-K06D|Current|(2010-    )|Removing dust etc. from components|S06-A10E|Includes details of air cleaning systems. If cleaned air is expelled outside the copier, see also X27-E01B2 (electrical aspects only). Constructional details of ventilation and humidifying mechanisms are also coded by S06-K03C.|
S06-K07|Current|(2010-    )|Communication and Control|S06-A14, S06-A16, T04-G10, W02-J03, W02-J08|Includes operating status display (for display control circuitry see T04-H codes), mode selection devices, microprocessor details (see also T01-J codes, e.g. T01-J08A), and recording inhibiting devices. Does not include motors and solenoids for carriage and platen movement.|
S06-K07A|Current|(2010-    )|General Control systems|S06-A14C, T04-G10A, W02-J03A7||
S06-K07A1|Current|(2010-    )|User input and display||Includes mode selection keys, etc|Operator warning device, mode setting, touchscreen
S06-K07A2|Current|(2010-    )|Power supply control|S06-A14D||
S06-K07A3|Current|(2010-    )|Management of confidential/secure documents|S06-A14F, T04-G10F, W02-J11|Preventing illegal copying of banknotes, securities and private documents, recognising copy prevention marks on documents, output to authorised operator. See also T01/T04 for image processing aspects and T05-J for testing of securities, banknotes, etc. Attachment of anti-copy mark, e.g. a RFID, is also coded under S06-K05D. Secrecy details during communication, such as transmission data encoding, password, data encryption, etc., are also coded by S06-K07C7.|
S06-K07A4|Current|(2010-    )|Image processing|S06-A16A, W02-J03A1, W02-J03A2|Includes details of digital copiers. See also T01.|Picture signal amplifier, halftone screening, edge enhancement, noise or error suppression
S06-K07A4A|Current|(2010-    )|Compensation for acquisition aspects|W02-J03A1A||Shading compensation
S06-K07A4B|Current|(2010-    )|Changing magnification, composing and electronic layout control|W02-J03A2A, W02-J03A2B||
S06-K07A4C|Current|(2010-    )|Image outputting|W02-J03A3|Includes systems for generating previews of image before sending (using e.g. a facsimile) or printing. Details of user display is also coded by S06-K07A1.|
S06-K07A4D|Current|(2010-    )|Compression/bandwidth reduction|W02-J03B|See U21-A05 codes for coding in general, W04-P01A codes for TV signal compression, and W02-G04A codes for bandwidth reduction in general.|
S06-K07A5|Current|(2010-    )|Copy sheet counting|W02-J03A7A||
S06-K07B|Current|(2010-    )|Monitoring systems|S06-A14B, T04-G10G, W02-J03A5|Covers monitoring systems of the device, monitoring of the communication system is S06-K07C6 only.|
S06-K07B1|Current|(2010-    )|Monitoring of recording agent|||Refill
S06-K07B1A|Current|(2010-    )|Recording agent level detection|S06-A04A1A||
S06-K07B1B|Current|(2010-    )|Recording agent density detection|S06-A04A1B||
S06-K07C|Current|(2010-    )|Communication|W02-J03C, W02-J08|Includes input-output arrangements, telephone interface and secrecy systems (with W02-L). Search W01-C05B1 and W01-C01H for telephone aspects also. For ISDN aspects see W01-C05B7. For LAN aspects see W01-A06 codes.|
S06-K07C1|Current|(2010-    )|Remote control/monitoring|S06-A14E, T04-G10E|Search together with S06-K07A and S06-K07B codes as applicable.|
S06-K07C1A|Current|(2010-    )|Print Job/Queue|T04-G10E1||
S06-K07C2|Current|(2010-    )|Interfacing|T04-G10C||
S06-K07C2A|Current|(2010-    )|Telephone interfacing|W02-J03C7|includes combined facsimile-telephone. See W01-C01P4. Also W01-C05B3H.|
S06-K07C2B|Current|(2010-    )|Network interfacing|W02-J08A|Includes aspects of printers with built in print server|
S06-K07C2C|Current|(2010-    )|ISDN interfacing|W02-J08C|also W01-C05B7 codes for general aspects of ISDN.|
S06-K07C2D|Current|(2010-    )|Computer interfacing|W02-J03C8|See also T01-C03B code.|
S06-K07C3|Current|(2010-    )|Signal processing|W02-J03C1||
S06-K07C4|Current|(2010-    )|Determining and setting transmission|W02-J03C2|Includes detecting type of receiving station (e.g. G3, G4).|Autodialler, modem
S06-K07C5|Current|(2010-    )|Reception details|W02-J03C5||Automatic answering
S06-K07C6|Current|(2010-    )|Monitoring and error checking|W02-J03C3||
S06-K07C7|Current|(2010-    )|Secrecy||Includes transmission data encoding, password, data encryption. Management of confidential/secure documents are also coded by S06-K07A3.|Authentication
S06-K99|Current|(2010-    )|Machine Type||The machine type codes cover the application of a patent for a particular function. Patents that describe multiple applications will not be covered (except MFP).|
S06-K99A|Current|(2010-    )|Self contained printing machine||Self contained typewriters, label printers, independent units, hand held printing devices|
S06-K99B|Current|(2010-    )|Copier|||
S06-K99C|Current|(2010-    )|Printer||Printer peripherals for use with a computer.|
S06-K99D|Current|(2010-    )|Fax|||
S06-K99E|Current|(2011-    )|Plotters||Previously coded as T04-H02.|
S06-K99F|Current|(2010-    )|Multifunctional peripheral||Includes patents describing the combination of two or more other machine types.|MFP
S06-K99F1|Current|(2010-    )|Multifunctional peripheral including fax application|W02-J07||
S06-K99G|Current|(2010-    )|Analogous systems|W02-J10|For medical stimulable sheet phosphor systems see also S05-D02A5C. For electronic blackboard (previously coded in W02-J09) see also W04-W05.|
S06-K99X|Current|(2010-    )|Other (printer types)|T04-G09|Includes Braille printers,(see S05-K, T04-X for other Braille aspects), electronic pen recorders. Magnetic printers are coded under S06-E07 only.|
T01|Current||Digital computers|||
T01-A|Current||Mechanical digital computers|||Align, calculate, register, interlock
T01-B|Current||Fluid-pressure digital computers|||Pneumatic, hydraulic, valve
T01-C|Current||Input/output arrangements||Covers specific input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form which is capable of being handled by a computer. See T01-H for information transfer. Peripheral devices per se are in T04. See U21 for electronic switching.|Port
T01-C01|Current||For record carriers (e.g. magnetic tape)||Includes buffering. See T01-C07C1 for smart card interface.|Card, disc, drive, reader, SCSI (small computer system interface), PCAT, SASD
T01-C01A|Current|(1997-    )|To/from DASD|T01-C01|Includes details of all defined standards, e.g. ATA, SATA, SCSI, iSCSI, IDE.|Floppy disc, hard disc, CD-ROM
T01-C01C|Current|(1997-    )|To/from semiconductor memory||See also U14-A codes.|Flash memory
T01-C02|Current||For manual input device||Mechanical switches are coded in V03, and electronic switch details in U21.|Coordinate, enter, key, touch, matrix
T01-C02A|Current|(1987-    )|Keyboard interface|||Alphanumeric code generation, key stroke detector
T01-C02A1|Current|(1992-    )|In co-operation with display||Includes keys used in conjunction with icons or instructions displayed on the screen such as help keys, cursor control keys and function select keys. Details of icons used for program management are coded in T01-J12D.|
T01-C02A9|Current|(1992-    )|Optoelectronic keyboard - other|||Opto-electronic keyboard
T01-C02B|Current|(1987-    )|Position-digital value converters|||Digitiser, co-ordinate
T01-C02B1|Current||In co-operation with display||See also T01-J12 for GUI/HCI, and T01-J12B for GUI windows.|
T01-C02B1A|Retired|(1992-2001)|For mouse*||*This code is now discontinued, see T04-F02B1 from 2002. Includes use of mouse to 'pull down' icon functions and windows. See also T01-J12B for windows in general.|
T01-C02B1B|Retired|(1992-2001)|For joystick*||*This code is now discontinued, see T04-F02B3 from 2002. Includes interfaces and code translators for joysticks. See T01-P02 and W04-X02 codes also, if used for computer/arcade games.|
T01-C02B1C|Retired|(1992-1996)|For light pen*||*This code is now discontinued. See T01-C02B1H from 1997-2001 and T04-F02A1 from 2002.|
T01-C02B1D|Retired|(1992-2001)|Virtual keyboards and touch screens*||*This code is now discontinued, see T04-F02A2 from 2002. Includes interfaces and 'key'/ position code translation. Also includes finger-operated mouse.|
T01-C02B1E|Retired|(1997-2001)|Three-dimensional space signal input/output*||*This code is now discontinued, see T04-F02B from 2002. Includes virtual reality handsets/sensor, gloves (see W04-V07E codes also).|
T01-C02B1G|Retired|(1997-2001)|Tracker ball*||*This code is now discontinued, see T04-F02B5 from 2002.|
T01-C02B1H|Retired|(1997-2001)|Pen input*||*This code is now discontinued, see T04-F02A1 from 2002. Includes input by inductive or capacitive pen, light pen and touch pen. For pen sensing details, see T04 and U21.|
T01-C02B1J|Retired|(1997-2001)|Finger-shaped or hand input*||*This code is now discontinued, see T04-F02B from 2002. Devices which use relative movement of finger or hand as input to processor.|Thimble
T01-C02B9|Retired|(1992-2001)|Position-digital value converters - other*||*This code is now discontinued, see T04-F02B from 2002.|
T01-C03|Current||Data exchange with distant stations||Connection between to devices, for connection to peripheral (e.g. printer) see T01-C07C3 instead.|Bus, transmit, receive, terminal, link, line receiver
T01-C03A|Current|(1992-    )|Arrangements for interfacing with networks||Transmitting information between computers via communication medium. Including LAN and WAN interfacing details of computer networks. See T01-H07 for inter-computer communication and T01-M02 for multiprocessing structure. For bus arbitration and cycling arrangements see T01-H05B. Also includes computer peripheral network connections, but see also appropriate code for specific peripheral e.g. T01-C05A1.|ARPANET (advanced research project agency network), binding
T01-C03B|Current|(1992-    )|Data communication||Includes telephone interfaces and modems.|RS-232(Recommended Standard 232), RS-485, RS-422, RS-423
T01-C03C|Current|(1997-    )|Radio link||Includes, satellite, radio, infra-red, etc. interfaces for accessing a network. See also W01-A06C3 and W01-A06C4.|
T01-C03C1|Current|(1997-    )|Broadcast radio/television signal input||TV cards.|
T01-C04|Current||Output to displays|||Video, colour, graphics, character, monitor, colour/intensity
T01-C04A|Current||For CRTs|||Monitor, VDU
T01-C04B|Current||For display panels|||Matrix, LCD, gas discharge, plasma, hologram
T01-C04C|Current|(1997-    )|Led display|T01-C04||
T01-C04D|Current|(1997-    )|Display processing|T01-C04||Graphics card
T01-C04X|Current||Output to displays - other|||Update, Bitmap
T01-C05|Current||Output to printers (incl. plotters, typewriters)|||Character, font, format, graphic, line, text, ink-jet, impact, thermal, X-Y, chart
T01-C05A|Current|(1992-    )|To printer||For '3D printing' technology such as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) see T01-J07B3.|Ink-jet, impact, thermal, laser
T01-C05A1|Current|(1997-    )|To/from networked/shared printers|||
T01-C05B|Current|(1992-    )|To plotter|||X-Y, chart
T01-C06|Current|(1992-    )|Scanning|T01-C09|Bar code reading and character recognition, such as OCR, are covered by T04-A03B1 and T04-D04 codes respectively. Hand scanners for computer input are coded in T04-M02. This code is used for computer interfacing details only.|OCR, bar codes
T01-C06A|Current|(2012-    )|To/from networked/shared scanner||Covers scanners that are shared in a network|Scanner, network, remote scanner etc.
T01-C07|Current|(1992-    )|Interconnections (subsystems)||Includes general aspects not specific to interfaced devices such as input/output and data communications. See T01-H05A for I/O controllers and processors, and T01-L09 for physical structures.|
T01-C07A|Current|(1992-    )|Asynchronous/synchronous operation||Covers interfaces characterised by communication mode. See T01-H07B for bus protocol details.|USART (sync/async receiver/transmitter), start-stop bit, flip-flop
T01-C07B|Current|(1992-    )|Fibre optics||Also coded in V07.|
T01-C07C|Current|(1992-    )|Interfaces||Includes backplanes, cables, chip carriers and plugboard/card/overlay motherboards. See also T01-L02 and V04 for hardware details, and T01-L09 for wiring and connectors.|Current loop, EIA, interrupt, DMA/program controlled, slave, adaptor card, latch-chip, SCSI
T01-C07C1|Current|(1992-    )|Smart card reader interface|||
T01-C07C2|Current|(1992-    )|Buffers||Includes structure e.g shift registers, recirculating, and buffer/interface function such as rate control.|
T01-C07C3|Current|(1997-    )|Non-wired connection between peripheral and computer||Includes radio and optical signal transfer between computer and peripheral. Remote control of computer.|Free space, wireless, infrared
T01-C07C4|Current|(1997-    )|Serial ports, parallel ports, serial-parallel conversion|||Centronics (RTM), USB
T01-C07C4A|Current|(2005-    )|Serial interface with additional features||Additional features such as power supply. See also T01-H07, T01-H05B for bus transfer and T01-L01/3 for connector details. See also V04 codes.|USB, universal serial bus interface, hot swap, plug and play, firewire, IEEE 1394, i-link(r)
T01-C07C5|Current|(1997-    )|Using standard interfaces or expansion cards||See T01-C11 for expansion cards per se.|
T01-C07D|Current|(1992-    )|Topology||Covers wiring arrangements and connections to interface including power arrangements. Includes interface buses and point-to-point connection. See T01-H07A for bus structures.|
T01-C08|Current|(1992-    )|Digital input/output using sampling of analog signals|T01-C09||Analog to digital converter
T01-C08A|Current|(1992-    )|Speech recognition/synthesis input/output||See also W04-V codes for sound wave analysis/synthesis, speech to text, text to speech and T01-J18 for speech/audio processing.|Telephone, output, sound
T01-C08B|Current|(1997-    )|Measurement signal input||See also T01-J07A for data acquisition applications.|
T01-C09|Current||Input/output arrangements - other|||
T01-C10|Current|(1997-    )|Non-manual human input|T01-C09|Includes eye input, foot input and neurological input to computer.|
T01-C11|Current|(1997-    )|PCMCIA cards||See also T04 and U11.|
T01-D|Current||Data conversion||See U21-A for coding and code conversion in general.|
T01-D01|Current|(1992-    )|Data Encryption and Decryption||Includes private and public key encryption. See W01-A05 codes for data communications aspects.|DES, RSA
T01-D01A|Current|(2002-    )|Encryption algorithm||For encoding a plain text message using number of division using ki dimensional vector on a finite field.|Polynomial, primary number
T01-D02|Current|(1992-    )|Coding and information theory||Includes data compaction/compression, formal communication models, and non-secret encoding systems. Image compression prior to 1997 - see also T01-J10A1. T01-J10B, now indexed in T01-J10D.|Lempel-Ziv, sliding window, Huffman, holotropic, fractal coding
T01-D02A|Current|(2005-    )|Watermarking||See also T01-J10D for image watermarking and W04 for audio/visual watermarking.|Steganography
T01-D03|Current|(1992-    )|Shifting||Includes justifying, scaling and normalising.|
T01-D04|Current|(2005-    )|Data flow speed conversion||Pre 2005 see T01-D09.|
T01-D09|Current|(1992-    )|Data conversion including data flow speed conversion - other||From 2005 see T01-D04 for data flow speed conversion.|
T01-E|Current||Data processing|||Instruction, masking, bit manipulation
T01-E01|Current||Sorting, selecting, merging or comparing data|||Algorithm, key, routine, sequence generator, word, bit stream manufacture
T01-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|Sorting||Includes grouping data records, rearranging, and re-recording.|Software Boolean logic operation
T01-E01B|Current|(1992-    )|Selecting||Includes special character detection.|
T01-E01C|Current|(1992-    )|Comparing||Includes merging.|
T01-E02|Current||Computation using only denominational number representation||Digital processing using binary, ternary etc. number systems.|Arithmetic, binary, decimal, exponent, floating-point, integer, logic, mantissa, operand, fixed point, coded decimal
T01-E02A|Current||Adding, subtracting|||Addend, carry, even, subtrahend, sum
T01-E02B|Current||Multiplying, dividing|||Multiplication, multiplier, product
T01-E02C|Current|(1997-    )|Logic processing||See U21-C for logic circuits.|
T01-E02D|Current|(1997-    )|ALU|||
T01-E02X|Current||Computation using only denominational number representation (incl. evaluating functions) - other|||Approximation, interpolation, complex numbers, logarithm, root, square
T01-E03|Current||Computation using digital non-denominational representation|||Integration, differentiation, increment, pulse, proportional, multiplier, divider, P-modulo arithmetic
T01-E04|Current||Comparing digital values; random number generators||See also T01-J15 for chaos modelling.|Pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS), comparator, hashing
T01-E05|Current|(1992-    )|Novel data processing technology|T01-E09||
T01-E05A|Current|(1992-    )|Optical/electro-optical||See also T01-M06D and T02-A03 for analogue optical computing and T02-B for hybrid arrangements. Pure optical, electro-optical components are found in V07-K06.|SLM (spatial light modulators), SLR (spatial light rebroadcasters)
T01-E05B|Current|(1992-    )|Neuronal configurations||Neural networks in general are covered by T01-J16C1. See T02-A04A5 for analog neural networks.|
T01-E05C|Current|(1992-    )|Superconducting elements||Superconducting computing systems are covered by T01-M06E. See also U14-F02B.|
T01-E05D|Current|(1992-    )|Biocomputer|||
T01-E05Q|Current|(2005-    )|Quantum computing||Using quantum theory for processing. Prior to 2005 see T01-E05X. For Quantum processor architecture see T01-M06Q.|
T01-E05X|Current|(1992-    )|Other novel data processing technology|||
T01-E09|Current||Other data processing|||
T01-F|Current||Program control|||Software
T01-F01|Current||Microprogramming|||
T01-F01A|Current|(1987-    )|Enhancement of operating speed||Includes use of several micro-control devices operating in parallel.|Score boarding
T01-F01B|Current|(1992-    )|Loading|||
T01-F01B1|Current|(1997-    )|Firmware microprogramming||See T01-S01A for disclosure of firmware code.|
T01-F01C|Current|(1992-    )|Address formation||Includes address formation of next microinstruction selection.|
T01-F02|Current||Interrupt, multi-programming, multi-tasking, software interrupts||Covers supporting and keeping track of operations of multiplicity of users who are running numerous concurrent processes.|Access, multi-port, multi-task, request, poll, queuing control
T01-F02A|Current|(1992-    )|Task transfer initiation||Covers multiple task sequencing and selection. Initiating and controlling task operations and use of system resources.|
T01-F02A1|Current|(1997-    )|Interrupt handling/processing|||
T01-F02B|Current|(1992-    )|Saving or restoring of program or task||Covers program control blocks and multiple register set usage.|
T01-F02C|Current|(1992-    )|Task interaction||Includes multiprocessor transaction management protocol and allocation of resources to processes, load balancing and scheduling.|Lock-out avoidance, IPC
T01-F02C1|Current|(1997-    )|Synchronisation|||Multimedia
T01-F02C2|Current|(1997-    )|Resource allocation|||
T01-F02C3|Current|(2006-    )|Multi-thread||The ability of an operating system to execute different parts of a program simultaneously.|
T01-F02C4|Current|(2007-    )|Data transfer between applications|||
T01-F03|Current||Execution of machine instructions|||Fetch, instruction, nodes, pipeline, pre-fetch
T01-F03A|Current|(1987-    )|Address formation of next instruction, branching, access of instruction operand|||
T01-F03B|Current|(1987-    )|Concurrent instruction execution, pipeline, look-ahead|||Low level parallel mechanisms, RISC
T01-F03B1|Current|(1997-    )|Pipelining|||
T01-F03C|Current|(1997-    )|Instruction decoding|||
T01-F04|Current|(1987-    )|Subprogram execution|T01-F09||
T01-F05|Current|(1987-    )|Arrangements for executing specific programs and system management software|T01-F09|Includes operating systems, supervisors, executives and monitors.|Debug, edit, execute, state-machine
T01-F05A|Current|(1992-    )|High-level language and language processors||Binary Compilers and Assemblers for e.g. operating system compilation. Use of Application Programming Interface (API), Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs) during program execution. From 2007, for use of API during software development see T01-J20B1, and for Compilers and Assemblers used in software development, see T01-J20B1.|C, C++, Java (TM), API, Binary compilation
T01-F05B|Current|(1992-    )|Booting/initialisation and recovery|T01-G05A|Includes reconfiguration, retry, checkpointing and restoring.|Start-up
T01-F05B1|Current|(1997-    )|Resetting|||
T01-F05B2|Current|(1997-    )|Configuring||Boot-up and program loading. Hot configuration. Version management of software e.g. BIOS firmware. For version management of software code see T01-F05F or T01-J20B2 during development. For Installation and/or updating of software involving transmission over network see T01-N02B1E. For network security software updates see T01-N02B3.|Plug and Play (P'n'P), BIOS update
T01-F05B3|Current|(1997-    )|Sleeping and waking, power-up/down, halting||Includes Power Management|
T01-F05C|Current|(1992-    )|Interactive support programs||Includes time share control.|
T01-F05D|Current|(1992-    )|Job entry systems programs|||
T01-F05E|Current|(1992-    )|Data handling programs and storage management||Includes allocation/deallocation strategies, distributed memories, segmentation, storage hierarchies and swapping. See also T01-E01 and T01-J05B.|BIOS, Kernal, utilities, file management, up/down loading, share seize machanisms
T01-F05E1|Current|(2008-    )|Middleware|||
T01-F05F|Current|(2007-    )|Software version management|||
T01-F05G|Current|(1997-    )|Operating systems and virtual systems||Machine emulation including network operating systems.|MS-DOS, Unix, OS/2, Novell NetWare, Windows NT, LINIX
T01-F05G3|Current|(1997-    )|Virtual systems||Includes shells and interfaces created by OS and emulation of terminal types by OS software.|Bourne-shell, utilities
T01-F05G5|Current|(1997-    )|System management||Includes user privilege set-up; security - see T01-J12C, usage monitoring see - T01-G05C, T01-G11; file management - see T01-F05E.|
T01-F05G5A|Current|(2006-    )|Screen Savers|||
T01-F05G7|Current|(2006-    )|Real Time Clock||Covers updating and management of real time system clock.|
T01-F06|Current|(1992-    )|Program control arrangements|T01-F09|Covers program arrangements were instructions are pre-programmed before processing is carried out. See T01-M05 for architecture.|PLD, PLC, EEPROM
T01-F07|Current|(1992-    )|Object based systems|||Links, AKO, ISA, object-oriented programming (OOP), object-oriented database (OODB)
T01-F09|Current||Program control - other|||
T01-G|Current||Error detection/correction; monitoring||Software debug systems are covered by T01-J20.|
T01-G01|Current||Using redundancy in data representation||See also U21-A06 for error correction/ detection circuitry, and W01-A01 codes for data transmission aspects.|
T01-G01A|Current|(1992-    )|Using checking codes|||Error correction words (ECW), Error correction codes (ECC), Hamming distance
T01-G01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Using parity|||
T01-G02|Current||Testing hardware during idle time||Includes integrated circuits with on-chip testing circuitry. See also S01-G01A, U11-F01D2, U13-C07, U14-D.|Diagnose, check-bit, routine, sub-routine, program, signature analysis
T01-G02A|Current|(1987-    )|Defective hardware location subsystems|||
T01-G02A1|Current|(1987-    )|On integrated circuit||Includes LSSD (level sensitive scan design). See also U13-C07.|
T01-G02A2|Current|(1992-    )|System/field testing||Includes Computer-Aided Test (CAT) system comprising of microcomputer/computer to aid testing of processor/CPU based systems or apparatus. See also T01-J07B for quality control|
T01-G02A2A|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic testing equipment (ATE)||See also T01-J08F for system test other than processor systems.|
T01-G02A2B|Current|(1992-    )|Built in testing||Includes scanpath, signature and boundary analysis.|Built in block operation (BILBO)
T01-G02A2C|Current|(1992-    )|By comparison||Includes comparing with known 'good' cards or appts; redundancy in registers and comparing results in both; and signature analysis.|Goldcard, Signature analysis
T01-G02A2D|Current|(1992-    )|Test programs and algorithms||Includes software for generating test patterns and/or collecting results and analysing faults. Also software controlling test procedures or appts.|
T01-G02B|Current|(1992-    )|Marginal testing||Includes preventative maintenance and safety margins.|
T01-G03|Current||Using redundancy in operation or hardware||Redundant processors - see T01-G05B from 1997.|Passive fault masking, active fault masking, backward error recovery, single event upset (SEU) prevention, RAID
T01-G04|Current|(2014-    )|Computer vibration testing||Includes testing computer assemblies for resistance to the effects of mechanical vibration and shock. See also S02-E (Measurement of mechanical vibrations).|
T01-G05|Current|(1987-    )|Fail-safe and monitoring systems|T01-G09|Includes appts for error recovery and monitoring during operation of processor or processing system for reliable operation of hardware or software. See T06-A08 also for control system applications and T01-J20 for software debug and test.|Fail, fail-safe, fault-tolerant
T01-G05A|Current|(1987-    )|Watchdog monitoring / Ensuring proper program flow||Includes halting of operation of all processing within computing system upon detection of error. See also T01-F05B for booting/initialisation and recovery from 1992.|Rollback, halting operation, freeze
T01-G05B|Current|(1987-    )|Using additional processors||Includes redundant processor techniques(see T01-G03 for non-processor redundancy).|
T01-G05C|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring|T01-G09|Includes patterns, pulse trains and error processing.|
T01-G05C1|Current|(1992-    )|Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity|T01-G09||
T01-G06|Current|(1992-    )|Logic simulation|T01-G09|Includes simulation machine/processor executing logic simulation, and logic models; and several simulation processors working in parallel. See also T01-J15A3 for electrical/electronic circuit emulation in CAD systems; T01-F05G3 for machine emulation.|Event driven, levelised
T01-G06A|Current|(1992-    )|Compiled code|||LCC (levelised compiled code)
T01-G06B|Current|(1992-    )|Table driven||Using look-up tables to model logic functions.|
T01-G06C|Current|(1992-    )|Hardware accelerators|T01-G09|Includes use of hardware for certain functions of simulation in cooperation with software to reduce load on processor to speed up process.|
T01-G07|Current|(1992-    )|Fault simulation|T01-G09|Includes introduction of known faults and monitoring/analysing effect such as stuck-at-one and stuck-at-zero techniques.|
T01-G07A|Current|(1992-    )|Test sequence generation||Includes test vector compression.|
T01-G07X|Current|(1992-    )|Fault simulation - other|||
T01-G08|Current|(1992-    )|Diagnostics|T01-G09|Includes fault location, file/diagnostic dictionary software, remote diagnostic (see also T01-N codes), fault masking and fault documentation. See T01-J08F for diagnostic of non-computer equipment.|
T01-G08A|Current|(1997-    )|Systems support||Includes systems support repository, help system. For AI based expert system support, see also T01-J16A.|
T01-G09|Current||Error detection/correction; monitoring - other||From 1992 see T01-J20C for software debug systems; T01-G05C for monitoring of computer systems; T01-G06 for logic simulation systems; T01-G07 for fault simulation systems; and T01-G08 for diagnostic systems.|
T01-G11|Current|(1997-    )|Measurement of non-processing parameters of computer systems|T01-G05C, T01-G09|Includes smoke or fire detection (see W05-B02 codes also), alarm generation, power/spike failure in computer systems. See also T01-G05C for processor related monitoring. See T01-J08F for computer testing and monitoring of non-computer equipment.|
T01-G11A|Current|(1997-    )|Power supply||Includes measurement and control of external power supply to computer. See T01-L01 for computer power supplies and T01-G05A.|
T01-G11B|Current|(1997-    )|Temperature measurement and control||Includes measuring temperature/humidity of computer surroundings to maintain optimum operating conditions. See also T01-G05A.|
T01-G11C|Current|(1997-    )|User monitoring e.g. tiredness||Includes measuring muscle tiredness, time of continuous use (see also T01-G05C), harmful screen emissions.|RSI
T01-G11F|Current|(2012-    )|Fan speed measurement and control||Covers measuring the speed of the fan and controlling the speed depends on the CPU usage|Fan, speed measurement and control
T01-G11X|Current|(2005-    )|Other measurement of non-processor parameters|||
T01-H|Current||Data storage and memory, interconnection, data transfer||See U14-A for semiconductor memories per se, and T03 for data storage and recording by relative movement between head and record carrier.|
T01-H01|Current||Interconnections to ram, addressing and memory allocation, memory systems and architectures, etc.|||Harvard architecture
T01-H01A|Current|(1987-    )|Addressing physical block, module|||Shadowing, memory allocation table, look ahead addressing
T01-H01B|Current|(1987-    )|Memory storage components, hardware, or use of||Includes data layers, data logging memory cards and cassettes. See T04-K for smart cards per se. See also T01-H01C for unauthorised copying or memory protection (e.g. for disk or ROM). For physical construction of record carriers, see U14 for semiconductor memories and T03 for disks and tapes etc.|
T01-H01B1|Retired|(1992-2004)|Dynamic recording by relative movement between recording head and storage medium*||*This code is now discontinued. See T01-H01B4, T01-H01B5 and T01-H01B6 from 2005.|File server, disk, drum, tape
T01-H01B1A|Retired|(1997-2004)|Storage arrays*||*This code is now discontinued. See T01-H01B7 from 2005.|RAID
T01-H01B2|Retired|(1992-2004)|Optical, magneto-optical computer memory*||*This code is now discontinued. See T01-H01B4/5/6 from 2005.|Hologram, CD-ROM, DVD
T01-H01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor/solid state memory||Includes semiconductor, bubble, capacitor, card, core, and RAM. See also U14-A codes.|RAM, ROM, DRAM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory
T01-H01B3A|Current|(1992-    )|Memory card||Search together with other T01-H01B3 codes for type, see also T04-K. for removable memory.|MMC, SD, CF, Memory Stick
T01-H01B3B|Current|(2005-    )|Static magnetic memories||Covers solid state magnetic memories.|MRAM
T01-H01B3C|Current|(2005-    )|Static optical memories||Covers solid state optical memories.|
T01-H01B3D|Current|(2006-    )|Non volatile electronic semiconductors memories||Flash memories, see also T01-H01B3A flash memory cards.|
T01-H01B4|Current|(2005-    )|Dynamic magnetic||Includes Hard Disks, floppy disks.|
T01-H01B5|Current|(2005-    )|Dynamic magneto-optical|||Mini-disc
T01-H01B6|Current|(2005-    )|Dynamic optical||For CD, CD-ROM, DVD.|
T01-H01B6A|Current|(2005-    )|Volume read e.g. holographic||For use of media that is read by passing a light beam through (not off) the material such as holographic storage.|
T01-H01B7|Current|(2005-    )|Storage arrays||Also code under memory type, see also T01-G03 for redundant storage areas, e.g. RAID. See T01-H01B1A prior to 2005.|
T01-H01B9|Current|(2005-    )|Other, inc. all non-semiconductor static memories|||
T01-H01C|Current|(1987-    )|Memory/storage protection arrangement/method||For data back up/protection see T01-G and T01-F05E.|
T01-H01C1|Retired|(1992-2005)|Smart card fraud protection*||*This code is now discontinued. See T04-K04 from 2006.|
T01-H01C2|Current|(1992-    )|Illegal memory access prevention|||
T01-H01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Dram refresh||See also U14-A03B4A. Prevention of memory loss due to defective memory.|
T01-H01C4|Current|(1992-    )|Prevention of memory loss|||
T01-H01D|Current|(1987-    )|Stacks and registers||Covers fast-access temporary storage locations within CPU. Dual port memory is covered by T01-H03D from 1992.|
T01-H01X|Current|(1987-    )|Interconnections to ram, addressing and memory allocation, memory systems and architectures||Includes high performance storage units (HPSU).|BICPU (bimemory independent CPU)
T01-H02|Retired|(1987-1991)|Virtual memory, cache stores*||*This code is now discontinued. See T01-H03A from 1992.|
T01-H03|Current|(1992-    )|Memory type|T01-H02, T01-H09||
T01-H03A|Current|(1992-    )|Cache memory, virtual memory and hierarchical memory||Includes use of small, high speed buffer, virtual and hierarchical memories. Includes address translation (see also T01-H01A). Prior to 1992 covered by T01-H02, now discontinued. Network Caching is covered by T01-N01D4 from 2005.|Ageing
T01-H03B|Current|(1992-    )|Associative memory||Includes content addressable and parallel searching.|
T01-H03C|Current|(1992-    )|Interleaved memory and mass storage||Includes secondary memory.|Expanded memory unit
T01-H03D|Current|(1992-    )|Sequential access and shared memories|T01-H09|Includes common shared bus, multiport, crossbar switching memories (Dual port memory was coded in T01-H01D prior to 1992).|Dual port memory, video RAM
T01-H03X|Current|(1992-    )|Memory type - other|||Primary
T01-H05|Current|(1987-    )|Computer peripheral control / General request handling / Bus accessing|||
T01-H05A|Current|(1987-    )|Program control for computer peripherals||See also T03 for data storage controllers for dynamic recording, e.g. T03-A10 codes (magnetic), T03-B08 (optical) and T03-D01E5 (magneto-optical).|Channel processor
T01-H05B|Current|(1987-    )|Handling requests||For interconnection or data transfer. See also W01-A03A for general data communication access systems.|Access
T01-H05B1|Current|(1992-    )|For access to memory bus||Includes priority.|
T01-H05B2|Current|(1992-    )|For access to input/output bus||Includes polling, interrupt, burst mode, DMA, cycle steal.|
T01-H05B3|Current|(1992-    )|For access to common bus or bus system||Includes centralised access control, request, token, time dependant, slot and contention.|
T01-H05B4|Current|(1997-    )|Local bus systems|T01-H05B, T01-H05B2, T01-H05B3||PCI, VL-bus
T01-H07|Current|(1987-    )|Information transfer / Bus structures|T01-H09|Search T01-C03 also for data exchange interfacing with distant stations, and W01-A for digital transmission in general.|
T01-H07A|Current|(1987-    )|Bus structures||See also T01-C07D for bus interface.|
T01-H07A1|Current|(1992-    )|Type||Includes common/parallel, plural and variable width/speed buses.|
T01-H07A2|Current|(1992-    )|Control||Includes centralised, decentralised control.|
T01-H07A9|Current|(1992-    )|Bus structures - other|||
T01-H07B|Current|(1987-    )|Bus transfer protocols||See W01-A03A also for control of access to transmission path.|Handshaking, synchronous, asynchronous, conversion
T01-H07C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Information transfer*|T01-H09|*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N and W01-A from 2002. Includes computer network management, routing and communication control. See also T01-J08C and W01-A for communication in general. See also T01-C03B for computer interface for communication via modem.|
T01-H07C1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Electronic mail*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N01C and W01-A06E1, W01-A06G2, W01-A06X from 2002. Voice mail in telephone system coded in W01-C02B7C. See also W01-A06E1, W01-A06G2, W01-A06X.|
T01-H07C3|Retired|(1997-2001)|Data/media transfer applications*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N01D from 2002. Includes downloading file from remote site (FTP).|
T01-H07C3A|Retired|(1997-2001)|Audio, sound transfer*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N01D1A from 2002.|Internet radio
T01-H07C3B|Retired|(1997-2001)|Computerised video and image file transfer*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N01D1B from 2002. Includes computerised video conferencing.|JPEG, MPEG
T01-H07C3C|Retired|(1997-2001)|Electronic document transfer*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N01D2 from 2002. For intranet and internet documentation and web page transfer.|WWW, TCP/IP
T01-H07C3D|Retired|(1997-2001)|Multimedia transfer*|T01-H09|*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N01D1 from 2002. Combination of text, data, image, sound, or computer programs. Audio/video aspects of multimedia systems are also assigned W04-K10.|
T01-H07C3E|Retired|(1997-2001)|Running/executing software from remote site or server*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N01D3 from 2002.|Applet, Java
T01-H07C5|Retired|(1997-2001)|Distributed and networked computer communication*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N02 from 2002.|
T01-H07C5A|Retired|(1997-2001)|Computer network control, monitoring and management*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N02 from 2002. See T01-J08C for communication controllers and W01-A06 for data transmission systems in general.|
T01-H07C5C|Retired|(1997-2001)|Data transfer over private network, intranet transfer*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N02A2A from 2002. Data and file transfer within single computer network.|
T01-H07C5E|Retired|(1997-2001)|Over public network, internet transfer*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N02A2B from 2002. Data and file transfer between networks. Includes on-line systems.|PSTN, TCP/IP, gateway
T01-H07C5S|Retired|(1997-2001)|Using server*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N02A2C.|Print server
T01-H07C7|Current|(1997-    )|Local inter-processor data transfer in multiprocessor system||Inter-processor communication in multiprocessor computer.|
T01-H07C7C|Current|(1997-    )|Connections||Non-bus interconnections.|Matrix, circuit-switched
T01-H07P|Retired|(1997-2001)|Computer communication protocols*|T01-H07C|*This code is now discontinued, see T01-N02A from 2002. See T01-H07C prior to 1997, T01-J12C for computer security and T01-D01 for encryption. Bus transfer protocols are found in T01-H07B.|
T01-H08|Current|(1992-    )|Multiprocessor memory management|T01-H09|See also T01-M02 for multiprocessor systems and details. See also T01-J05B4 (DBMS) for locking.|Distributed system, parallel-processor, single instruction multiple data (SIMD)
T01-H09|Current||Data storage and memory, interconnection, data transfer - other|||
T01-J|Current||Data processing systems|||Routine
T01-J01|Current||Desk and pocket calculators||See also T01-M06A1 where no processing details mentioned.|
T01-J02|Retired|(1980-1991)|Multi-processor systems*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-M02 from 1992.|
T01-J02A|Retired|(1987-1991)|Distributed*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-M02A from 1992.|
T01-J02B|Retired|(1987-1991)|Co-operating processor*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-M02B from 1992.|
T01-J02C|Retired|(1987-1991)|Array/parallel*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-M02C from 1992.|
T01-J03|Current||For evaluating statistical data||See also T01-J04B2 for correlation|Histogram
T01-J04|Current||For function synthesis/analysis or equation solving|||
T01-J04A|Current|(1983-    )|For solving equations|||Differential, polynomial, linear programming
T01-J04B|Current|(1983-    )|For correlation or transformation e.g. Fourier, Walsh, etc.|||
T01-J04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Transformation function||Includes Walsh, Fourier and multi-dimensional transforms.|FT, FFT, S-transform
T01-J04B2|Current|(1992-    )|Correlation function||Includes digital filtering, array and convolution. Digital filters in general are coded in T01-J08B and U22-G01 codes. See also T01-J03 for statistical analysis using correlation.|
T01-J04C|Current|(1992-    )|Matrix or vector computation||Includes complex numbers.|
T01-J04D|Current|(1992-    )|Function evaluation by approximation|||
T01-J04E|Current|(2005-    )|Mathematical modelling||See also T01-J15H for simulation systems involving mathematical models.|Chaos theory
T01-J05|Current||For administration, commerce or information retrieval|||
T01-J05A|Current|(1987-    )|Administration, commerce||See T05-L codes also for EFT, point-of-sale and automatic teller machines. From 2002 see T01-N01A for on-line business systems.|Cash, cash-transaction, point-of-sale, meter, postage, management
T01-J05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Financial||Includes banking, billing, Point of Sale (POS), and metering.|
T01-J05A2|Current|(1992-    )|Administration and management tools||Includes management, resource allocation, business, education, government, marketing and law. Also includes decision support, MIS, stock control, workflow control and project management.|
T01-J05A2A|Current|(2002-    )|Business models||Includes business to public administration relationship models, problem solving/identifying solutions, requirements, and end-to-end thread, see T01-N01A2 for Internet Business models and T01-J05A2 prior to 2002.|
T01-J05A2B|Current|(2002-    )|Workflow management||Includes execution and automation of a business process, see T01-J05A2 prior to 2002.|
T01-J05A2C|Current|(2002-    )|Data analysis||Includes assessing the financial health of a company, processing of market data to predict the future demand of a product/service, surveying and polling in order to obtain data, cost model and TCO, see T01-J05A2 prior to 2002.|
T01-J05A2D|Current|(2002-    )|Inventory monitoring/management||Includes cash register/terminal maintaining or updating a record of goods, see T01-J05A2 prior to 2002.|
T01-J05A2E|Current|(2002-    )|Insurance and risk analysis||Includes processing and assessing insurance claims, evaluation of risk factors in a loan determination, see T01-J05A2 prior to 2002.|
T01-J05A2F|Current|(2002-    )|Investment portfolio selection, planning analysis and trading||This code covers evaluation of securities or other types of investments, and trading in commodities and securities, see T01-J05A prior to 2002.|
T01-J05A2G|Current|(2005-    )|Intellectual property and copyright management||See T01-N01A2G for on-line systems. See also W04 for audio/video aspects.|
T01-J05A2H|Current|(2005-    )|Personnel management||Includes internal business administration, health and safety, employment tribunal, organisation chart, people performance management, payroll, pensions, benefits, recruitment, career development, etc. See T01-N01A2H for online personnel management.|Peoplesoft (tm), OrgPlus (tm)
T01-J05A2L|Current|(2007-    )|Legal and Regulatory||Includes legal services such as litigation and contracts as well as accountability and compliance with government regulations.|
T01-J05A2M|Current|(2011-    )|Marketing and advertising||Includes all off-line advertising and marketing aspects|
T01-J05A3|Current|(2011-    )|Tools for Government||This code is intended for electronic public administration and management tools used by governmental bodies or agencies to implement government-to-citizen (G2C), government-to-business (G2B) and/or government-to-government (G2G) service(s). Includes commerce, voting/election, immigration, law enforcement, licensing, taxation, records management etc. See T01-N01A3 for online systems and T05-F for voting.|IRS, legislation, ID, social services, citizenship
T01-J05B|Current|(1987-    )|Information retrieval||Includes directory structures, filing, and storage, See T01-J10 also for image and pictorial data storage and accessing. For data recording see appropriate T03, W04 codes.|Database, file, directory, storage
T01-J05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Content analysis and indexing||Includes abstracting, linguistic processing, and thesauri.|
T01-J05B2|Current|(1992-    )|Storage||Includes directory, file organisation and record classification.|
T01-J05B2A|Current|(1997-    )|Image filing/archiving|||
T01-J05B2B|Current|(1997-    )|Data and directory structures||Includes hashing, tree structures.|
T01-J05B2C|Current|(2007-    )|Metadata|||
T01-J05B3|Current|(1992-    )|Search and retrieval||Includes algorithms for reducing time required for searching large data bases e.g. clustering, query formulation, searching and selecting, presentation of results. For on-line searching see T01-N03A2.|
T01-J05B4|Current|(1992-    )|Systems and software||Includes current awareness, information networks, question-answering, fact retrieval, database.|
T01-J05B4A|Current|(1997-    )|Distributed database|||
T01-J05B4B|Current|(1997-    )|Relational database|||
T01-J05B4C|Current|(1997-    )|Object-oriented database|||
T01-J05B4D|Current|(1997-    )|Deductive database|||
T01-J05B4F|Current|(1997-    )|Image and video databases|||
T01-J05B4M|Current|(1997-    )|Database management||Includes database updating, version control, concurrency and access control.|
T01-J05B4P|Current|(1997-    )|Database applications||For database software applications or systems that use databases.|
T01-J05B9|Current|(1992-    )|Information retrieval - other|||Data bank sharing, library automation
T01-J05C|Current|(1997-    )|Information analysis|||
T01-J06|Old|(1980-2001)|For medicine, vehicle or missile guidance|||
T01-J06|Current|(2001-    )|Medical equipment and information systems|||
T01-J06A|Current|(1983-    )|Medical||See also S05 codes for electrical medical equipment in general. For initial diagnostic, S05-D06A. For continuing monitoring, S05-G02B2A. From 2005 see T01-N01E for on-line systems. For non-medical biological processing see T01-J13A only.|Diagnose, patient, biological, medical
T01-J06A1|Current|(1997-    )|Medical information systems||See also S05-G02G. For medical records, S05-G02G1. For administration including appointments, S05-G02G2. From 2005 see T01-N01E1 for on-line systems.|
T01-J06B|Retired|(1983-2001)|For vehicle or missile guidance*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J07D from 2002, See X22-E06 for land vehicle on-board systems and W06-B01B1 and W06-C01B1 for aircraft and ship based systems. Navigation in general is covered by S02-B and W06-A codes.|
T01-J06B1|Retired|(1997-2001)|Geographical information systems*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J07D3A from 2002. For map generation see T01-J10C2A.|
T01-J07|Current|(1983-    )|For industrial process control|T01-J09||Manufacture, parameter, factory automation (FA)
T01-J07A|Current|(1987-    )|Data collection/acquisition||See W05-D codes for measurement and control signal transmission systems.|Process variable, nuclear physics, meteorology
T01-J07A1|Current|(1997-    )|Portable data input devices||See T01-M06A1 for portable computers.|
T01-J07A3|Current|(1997-    )|Multiple sensor data acquisition|||
T01-J07B|Current|(1992-    )|Computer control of manufacturing/industrial machines and Quality Control (QC)||Includes Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM) and computerized robotics/mechatronics. See also T06-A, T06-D and X25-A codes.|CAM, industrial robot
T01-J07B1|Current|(1997-    )|Process and quality control|||
T01-J07B2|Current|(2005-    )|Semiconductor manufacture control||This code covers aspects of semiconductor manufacture and cleaning processes. See also U11-C (especially U11-C15C).|
T01-J07B3|Current|(2016-    )|3D printing / additive manufacturing||Includes control of machines used for 3D printing / additive manufacturing technologies such as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF), stereolithography, Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). See also X25-A08 codes. For computer control and interfacing with printing devices such as inkjet or laser printers and plotters, see T01-C05.|
T01-J07C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Vehicle microprocessing systems*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J07D1 from 2002. Includes aerospace, shipping. See also T01-J06B and T06-B01 for vehicle guidance. See also X22 codes.|
T01-J07C1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Transmission*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J07D1A from 2002. See also X22-G01 for vehicle transmission systems per se.|
T01-J07C2|Retired|(1992-2001)|Multiplex control system*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J07D1B from 2002. Vehicle multiplex systems per se are covered by X22-K, and signal transfer aspects in W05-D02 and W05-D07D.|
T01-J07D|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicle/aircraft/missile process control systems|T01-J06B|Includes microprocessor systems for aircraft, vehicles, and missiles. See X22 and W06 for aircraft and ship based systems. Navigation in general is covered by S02-B and W06-A codes.|Aircraft, flight
T01-J07D1|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicle microprocessor system|T01-J06C|Includes aerospace, shipping. See also T01-J06B (pre-2002), T01-J07D3 and T06-B01 for vehicle guidance. See also X22 codes and T01-J07C1 prior to 2002.|Heating system control
T01-J07D1A|Current|(2002-    )|Transmission|T01-J07C1|See also X22-G01 for vehicle transmission systems and T01-J07C2 prior 2002.|
T01-J07D1B|Current|(2002-    )|Multiplex control system|T01-J07C2|Vehicle multiplex systems per se are covered by X22-K, and signal transfer aspects in W05-D02 and W05-D07D. See also T01-J07C2 prior 2002.|
T01-J07D3|Current|(2002-    )|For guidance|T01-J06B|See X22-E06 for land vehicle on-board systems and W06-B01B1 and W06-C01B1 for aircraft and ship based systems. Navigation in general is covered by S02-B and W06-A codes. Also see T01-J06B1 prior 2002.|Aircraft, flight, navigation, map, guide, course, track following, collision avoidance
T01-J07D3A|Current|(2002-    )|Geographical information systems|T01-J06B1|For map generation see T01-J10C2A.|GPS
T01-J08|Current|(1983-    )|For electrical equipment|T01-J09||Computer-control, component, frequency, test, digital signal processors, DSP
T01-J08A|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment support processing||This code is intended to highlight that a device uses a processing system when nothing is particularly novel about the processing system. Some applications have specific codes in T01 e.g. T01-J07D for vehicles or T01-J07B for industrial machinery, which should always be used in preference to this code. This does not apply to the sub-levels of this code (i.e. T01-J07D1 and T01-J08A2 could be used together to show a vehicle microprocessing system based around a DSP).|Microprocessor based system, ASIC
T01-J08A1|Current|(1997-    )|Using external, general purpose computer e.g. personal computer|||
T01-J08A2|Current|(1997-    )|Using digital signal processors||Covers processor converting analogue signals to digital. See also U22-G codes.|DSP
T01-J08A3|Current|(2011-    )|For game machines||Includes all processing aspects of integrated game devices/machines. See also T05-H05E and W04-X02.|Pachinko machines, arcade games, pinball game machine, etc.
T01-J08C|Current|(1992-    )|Communication controller||See T01-H07 for inter computer communication.|
T01-J08F|Current|(1997-    )|Testing or monitoring of equipment function and parameters||See T01-G for microprocessor and computer testing.|
T01-J08F1|Current|(2006-    )|Performance and data logging|||
T01-J08X|Current|(1992-    )|For electrical equipment - other|||
T01-J09|Retired|(1980-2011)|Data processing systems - other*||*This code is now discontinued but remains valid and searchable from 1980-2011. Includes multimedia up to 1996, which is transferred to T01-J30 from 1997.|
T01-J10|Current|(1987-    )|For video and image processing|T01-J09|See also T04-D for image recognition and pre-processing, and under application in e.g. W02-J03 and W04-P codes for facsimile and video processing, respectively. Control of photographic film cameras is found in T01-J08A and S06-B.|
T01-J10A|Current|(1987-    )|Image acquisition|||
T01-J10A1|Retired|(1992-1996)|Data compression*||*This code is now discontinued. See T01-J10D from 1997. Codes remain valid before 1997. See also T01-D02, T01-J10B for image compression prior to 1997.|
T01-J10A2|Current|(1992-    )|Image memory management||Covers use of memory system for processing in conjunction with a data presentation/computer graphics system e.g. manipulating the address or contents of image or text information stored in memory. For display memory organisation and structure for storing an image and manipulating image data between the display memory and the display system see T01-C04. See also T01-J05B for information storage and retrieval.|
T01-J10B|Current|(1987-    )|Image processing||Covers digital image processing arrangements using a personal/mobile computer, e.g. image enhancement, analysis, objects processing, optical character recognition (OCR), edge detection, facsimile, and video. If processing is in peripheral or other device then see T04-D. T04-D07 can be applied to highlight applications. (T01-J10 and T04-D are only used together when the novelty does not describe how/when the processing is carried out).|Pel, pixel
T01-J10B1|Current|(1992-    )|Image enhancement||Includes use of histogram, deblurring, noise filtering and edge detection.|
T01-J10B2|Current|(1992-    )|Image analysis||Includes determination of characteristic parameters and scene analysis.|
T01-J10B2A|Current|(2002-    )|For recognition||Includes character and image recognition, OCR, and object recognition.|
T01-J10B3|Current|(1992-    )|Object processing|||
T01-J10B3A|Current|(1997-    )|Object enlargement, reduction and rotation|||
T01-J10B3B|Current|(1997-    )|Object colour processing and colour system conversion|||
T01-J10C|Current|(1987-    )|Image generation|||Graphics, function generator, fractal image generation
T01-J10C1|Current|(1992-    )|Generating graphs|||
T01-J10C2|Current|(1992-    )|Generating shapes, curves, lines|||
T01-J10C3|Current|(1992-    )|In text||Includes form filling and format. Processing ideographic/pictographic languages and characters. Font generation and manipulation.|Graphic character representation
T01-J10C4|Current|(1992-    )|3-dimensional||Includes solid modelling, mesh, surface determination, tessellation, voxel, and shading.|
T01-J10C4A|Current|(1997-    )|Virtual reality||Generating and displaying of virtual reality images.|
T01-J10C4B|Current|(1997-    )|Computer tomography|||
T01-J10C5|Current|(1992-    )|Stored modelling data, animation and graphic packages|||Texture mapping
T01-J10C7|Current|(1997-    )|Composite image formation||Combining two or more objects or images.|
T01-J10C9|Current|(1992-    )|Image generation - other|||'Painting systems'
T01-J10D|Current|(1997-    )|Image digitisation/coding/compression||See T01-J10A1 and T01-J10B prior to 1997. See also T01-D02.|
T01-J10E|Current|(1997-    )|Image storage|T01-J05B, T01-J10A2|(T01-J05B, T01-J10A2) Image filing and archiving. See T01-J10A2 for image memory management. See also T01-J05B2A for image filing, and T01-J05B4F for image and video databases. Also includes video storage.|
T01-J10G|Current|(1992-    )|Applications||Includes film, TV, tomography, robotic eye, facsimile, automatic focussing image processing.|
T01-J10X|Current|(1992-    )|For image processing - other||See T01-H07C3B between 1997 and 2002. See T01-N01D1B post 2002.|
T01-J11|Current|(1992-    )|Document/display preparation||Includes WYSIWYG, typesetting and editing.|
T01-J11A|Current|(1992-    )|Word processing (WP)|||
T01-J11A1|Current|(1997-    )|Spelling/dictionary, grammar-checking, parsing|||
T01-J11B|Current|(1992-    )|Desk top publishing (DTP)|T01-J09||Ventura(r), PageMaker(r), QuarkXpress(r)
T01-J11C|Current|(1997-    )|Electronic and intranet documentation||See T01-N03B2 for on-line aspects.|
T01-J11C1|Current|(1997-    )|Using mark-up languages and navigating documents using hypertext||Includes page description languages.|HTML, SGML, XML
T01-J11C2|Current|(1997-    )|Help documentation|||
T01-J11C3|Current|(2007-    )|Parsing mark-up language documents|||
T01-J11D|Current|(1997-    )|Document delivery system and office automation|||
T01-J11E|Current|(2005-    )|Presentation software||Presentation software, includes multimedia presentation software, see also T01-J30 and W04-W.|PowerPoint (r)
T01-J11F|Current|(2005-    )|Organiser/scheduler||See also T01-J05A2B for business schedule organising. See T01-N03A3 for networked aspects.|Calendar
T01-J11G|Current|(1997-    )|Spreadsheets|||
T01-J12|Current|(1992-    )|Program management, GUI/WIMPS/HCI||Covers software and processing aspect of interactive operator interface windows applications security, and pull down menus.|
T01-J12A|Current|(1992-    )|Prompting|||
T01-J12B|Current|(1992-    )|Window/split screen||Includes menu driven system where options are presented for selection by user. See also T01-C02 for means of selection.|Menu driven, front of screen
T01-J12B1|Current|(1997-    )|User interface management system|||
T01-J12C|Current|(1992-    )|Security|T01-X|Preventing unauthorised access to files and processing systems such as anti-hacking and copy protection; electronic security systems for computers. See also T01-H01C2 for illegal memory access prevention.|
T01-J12C1|Current|(2006-    )|Authentication||See also W04-V04A3 for voice authentication.|
T01-J12C1A|Current|(2006-    )|Using passwords||Covers password systems for gaining access to computer system. See T01-N02B1B for network based password systems.|
T01-J12C1B|Current|(2006-    )|Using Biometrics||Covers biometric systems for gaining access to computer system. See T01-N02B1H for network based biometric systems. See also T04-D07F for biometric image recognition and S05-D01C5A for measuring systems.|
T01-J12C2|Current|(2006-    )|Security System Administration|||
T01-J12D|Current|(1992-    )|Icons, widgets||Covers use of graphic object displayed as a symbolic reference for a process or file which may be selected by user. Includes cursor and pointer manipulation. See also T01-J10C.|
T01-J13|Current|(2005-    )|Scientific analysis||Processing systems used to support scientific analysis. See S03 for analysis acquisition systems.|
T01-J13A|Current|(2005-    )|Biological analysis||Biological analysis includes DNA analysis and other biological systems. See also T01-J06A for medical applications.|
T01-J14|Current|(1992-    )|Language translation||See T01-J16C3 for intelligent natural language processing.|
T01-J15|Current|(1987-    )|Computer-aided design (CAD) and simulation||Includes computer modeling and simulators. See also T01-J10C for image generation, and T01-E04 for random number generation. For Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) see T01-J07B.|Netlist, net library
T01-J15A|Current|(1987-    )|Design and simulation of electrical circuits and hardware||See also U11 or V04. Includes CAD systems for mask design.|Net groups
T01-J15A1|Current|(1987-    )|Logic circuit, CPU design|||
T01-J15A2|Current|(1987-    )|Wiring layout, PCB'S, integrated circuits|||
T01-J15A3|Current|(1992-    )|Computer simulation of electrical and electronic circuits||Includes use of graph models, petri net and analog modelling.|Computer timing analysis
T01-J15A4|Current|(1992-    )|Communication Network Design|T01-J15A|Includes positioning and routing.|
T01-J15B|Current|(1997-    )|Design verification||Includes fault finding techniques.|
T01-J15H|Current|(1997-    )|Simulation of non-electronic systems||Includes simulation of e.g. thermodynamics and weather systems, and also includes electrical systems not covered by T01-J15A/B codes. See also T01-J04E for mathematical modeling.|
T01-J15X|Current|(1987-    )|CAD for non-electronic applications||Computer-aided design (CAD) for all applications (including electrical systems) not covered by T01-J15A/B codes.|
T01-J16|Current|(1992-    )|Artificial intelligence (AI)|T01-J09|Covers knowledge processing, inexact reasoning e.g. fuzzy logic.|
T01-J16A|Current|(1992-    )|Expert systems||Comprising a system of an integrated collection of facts and relationships, including knowledge base and table searching, question and answering. Includes knowledge base, rule base and table searching.|Teiresias
T01-J16B|Current|(1992-    )|Fuzzy logic systems||Includes circuits for performing logic with more than two levels e.g. non-binary or analog logic systems. See also T02-A04B6 for hardware details, and U21-C03B1B for logic circuits. For implementation details search appropriate codes, e.g. X22-A03K for vehicle engine control using fuzzy logic.|
T01-J16C|Current|(1992-    )|Knowledge processing|||Forward chaining
T01-J16C1|Current|(1992-    )|Neural networks||Includes the use of parallel distributed processing elements constructed in hardware or simulated in software. For implementation details search appropriate codes, e.g. T06-A05A for neural network based control systems. For analogue aspects and implementations see T02-A04A5.|SPANN (sequence processing artificial neural network)
T01-J16C2|Current|(1992-    )|Learning||Includes use of a specific method or system to adjust the rules, i.e. connection weights, e.g. concept learning algorithm.|
T01-J16C3|Current|(1992-    )|Natural and pictorial language processing||Includes where presentation of data to the user includes non-verbal representations or symbol, or statements in standard English language syntax. Non intelligent language translation is covered by T01-J14.|Semantics, abstracting concepts, phrases
T01-J16C4|Current|(1992-    )|Genetic algorithms||Duplicating the laws of nature e.g. inheritance and evolution. Includes creating new solutions by dividing and splicing the old and determining the fitness of the new. Also includes artificial life.|
T01-J16C6|Current|(1997-    )|Intelligent searching||Includes heuristics, hill climbing, depth first and breadth first searching, simulated annealing, travelling salesman etc.|
T01-J16C9|Current|(1992-    )|AI - other|||
T01-J17|Current|(1992-    )|Digital function generators|T01-X||Trigonometric, Look-up table
T01-J18|Current|(1997-    )|Computer processing for speech/audio|T01-C08A, T01-J08, T01-J09||
T01-J20|Current|(1987-    )|Software Development||Covers only Software programming techniques and production / compilation / debug aids. For Software implementations search T01-J, T01-N codes e.g. T01-J12B for windowing software, T01-N03B for Internet constructional software. For Program code patents see T01-S.|
T01-J20A|Current|(1992-    )|Programming Techniques||Includes functional, automatic, computer-generated, concurrent, sequential, object-oriented, procedural and network programming. For Object-based systems see T01-F07. For Object-oriented database see T01-J05B4C.|Object-oriented programming
T01-J20B|Current|(1992-    )|Software Development Tools, Systems Analysis||Languages, methodologies, Development environment, Systems analysis|Structured Systems Analysis and Design (SSADM)
T01-J20B1|Old|(1997-2006)|Application programming interface||Code generators and visual programming tools, e.g. using icons|
T01-J20B1|Current|(2007-    )|Software Development Kit||Integrated Development Environment. Programming Tools. API for software development only. For use of API in program execution see T01-F05A. Program Compilers and Assemblers. Software source code libraries. For dynamic link libraries (DLLs) see T01-F05A|API, code libraries, code text editors
T01-J20B2|Old|(1997-2006)|Software libraries and version management|||
T01-J20B2|Current|(2007-    )|Systems Analysis, Documentation||Systems Analysis and Design, Specifications, Source code development version management. From 2007, for version management of other software e.g. BIOS, embedded software, application package, network security software see T01-F05B2, T01-N02B1E, T01-N02B3 as appropriate.|
T01-J20B2A|Current|(1997-    )|Software registration and Anti-piracy||For incorporation of Software registration and Anti-Piracy coding mechanisms at development stage of software. See T01-J20X before 1997. See T01-J05A2G, T01-N01A2G for Intellectual Property and Copyright management.|Software protection
T01-J20C|Current|(1992-    )|Software Test, Verification, Debug, Optimization||Software test, verification and debug within and outwith Integrated Development Environment. Test data generation. Quality Assurance. Optimization of source code. Software simulation.|Beta-testing, debug, test case simulation
T01-J20D|Current|(1992-    )|Anti-Virus and Security program development||Development of Anti-Virus, Anti-Spyware programs. Analysis of Virus signatures. From 2007, see T01-N02B3 for applications of Anti-Virus software.|Virus signature analysis
T01-J20X|Current|(1992-    )|Other software details|||
T01-J21|Current|(2006-    )|Non-vehicle navigation||For vehicle guidance see T01-J07D3, covers all other guidance systems. See also S02-B08.|
T01-J21A|Current|(2006-    )|Geographical information systems||Includes updating or displaying geographical information.|
T01-J21B|Current|(2006-    )|Position fixing||Processing details used to fix position of user, see also W01/W02 for communication system position fixing and W06 for position fixing in general.|
T01-J21C|Current|(2006-    )|Route planning|||
T01-J30|Current|(1997-    )|Multimedia computer systems||For details of media systems see W03-G03C1. See T01-J09, T01-J10 prior to 1997.|
T01-J30A|Current|(2002-    )|Educational aids||Includes use of multimedia systems for education and training purposes, CAI, tuition support systems, and student. Educational equipment is also assigned W04-W codes, also see T01-P01 prior to 2002. From 2005 see T01-N01B codes for on-line systems.|
T01-J30B|Current|(2002-    )|For computer games||See W04-X02C for video games, and T01-J10C for image generation aspects, see T01-P02A prior to 2002.|
T01-J30B1|Current|(2002-    )|For toys and novelties||See T01-P02 prior to 2002.|
T01-J30C|Current|(2005-    )|Media players||Includes computer-based media players that are not browser based for playing CDs, DVDs (see also T01-H01B1), videos and audio files. See also W04 and T01-N03A1B for on-line systems.|Windows (R) Media Player, iTunes (R)
T01-J30D|Current|(2005-    )|Computer processing for sports and training equipment||Covers use of digital computing in sports and exercise equipment. See also W04.|
T01-J30E|Current|(2006-    )|E-book reader software|||
T01-J30F|Current|(2006-    )|Image/Video/Audio editing software||See T01-J12 for GUI aspects and W04 for details of image/video/audio being edited.|
T01-J31|Current|(2011-    )|Computer processing for physically handicapped persons||Includes processing equipments for blind, dumb etc.|
T01-J40|Current|(1997-    )|Virtual reality systems|T01-J10C4, T01-J10C9||
T01-J40A|Current|(2002-    )|Games|T01-J10C4, T01-J10C9, T01-J40|Search T01-J40 together with T01-P02A to prior to 2002.|
T01-J40B|Current|(2002-    )|Training/sports aids equipment|T01-P02B, T01-J40|See also W04-X01 codes for electrical aspects of sports equipment in general, search T01-J40 together with T01-P02B to prior to 2002.|
T01-J40C|Current|(2006-    )|Augmented reality systems||Combining virtual reality displays with real world views allowing a user to see both at the same time. See also T01-J10C codes for image generation aspects. See also W04-W07E codes for virtual reality in general, as well other W04 codes for virtual reality and display aspects, e.g. W04-Q01K for head up displays.|
T01-J45|Current|(2012-    )|For Evaluating software application or software package||Covers evaluating the performance and load testing of a software application using a framework or by a CPU|
T01-J50|Current|(2012-    )|Trial period software||Includes software intended to be used for a defined period of time, search together other T01-J or T01-N codes for type of software|
T01-K|Current|(1983-    )|Clock signal generation/distribution|T01-X|See also U22 codes for clock generators and distributors, e.g. U22-A04A2 and U22-D06 respectively.|Oscillator, synchronisation, timing
T01-K01|Current|(1997-    )|Varying clock rate/frequency|T01-K|Clock generators with variable or programmable frequency, e.g. for slowing/increasing clock frequency.|Programmable frequency, variable clock rate
T01-L|Current|(1987-    )|Computer equipment details|T01-X||
T01-L01|Current|(1987-    )|Power supplies, stand-by arrangements||Mains supply are covered by U24-D and E and X12-H and J. See X16 for battery systems and X15 for solar power/renewable resources.|Back-up, automatic switching, regulator, stabiliser
T01-L01A|Current|(2005-    )|Primary power supply||Note that for portable devices the battery is the primary power source and would be coded here (as well as T01-M06A1).|
T01-L01B|Current|(2005-    )|Back up power supply||Note that batteries in portable computing devices are not coded here, see T01-L01A.|UPS, battery back up
T01-L01C|Current|(2011-    )|Solar power supply||See also X15 for details of solar power system.|
T01-L02|Current|(1987-    )|Constructional details||See V04-T for constructional details of electronic appts. in general.|Stand, support
T01-L02A|Current|(1997-    )|Cooling|T01-L02|See also V04-T03 codes.|Cooling, ventilating
T01-L02B|Current|(1997-    )|Housing|T01-L02|Includes peripheral installations in computer housings e.g. internal drives, trackballs etc. See also V04-S codes.|Housing, casing, cabinet
T01-L02C|Current|(1997-    )|PCB mounting|T01-L02|For mounting of PCBs in computer housing and devices being mounted on the PCB. See V04-T02 for PCB racking.|Racking, PCB, CPU, mounting
T01-L02D|Current|(1997-    )|EM shielding|T01-L02|See V04-U for EMI shielding.|
T01-L02E|Current|(2002-    )|Prevention of theft||Includes devices which prevent the theft of computer equipment.|
T01-L02F|Current|(2006-    )|Computer system acoustic noise reduction||Includes noise reduction for forced cooling (e.g. fans and liquid cooling pumps etc).|
T01-L02G|Current|(2011-    )|Shock-proof and absorbtion||Includes proofing against earthquakes, etc. Search together with other T01-L codes as appropriate (e.g. T01-L02B for shock absorber in housing)|
T01-L03|Current|(2005-    )|Connectors, cables and wiring||Includes cables, wiring, etc. for computers. Pre-2005 see T01-L09. See also V04 (particularly V04-M30E) and X12.|Connector, computer cable, wiring
T01-L09|Current|(1987-    )|Computer equipment details (inc. connectors) - other||From 2005 see T01-L03 for connectors.|
T01-M|Current|(1992-    )|Computer/processing architecture||These codes are used for novel architectures, and in conjunction with other T01 codes as additional descriptive detail or as a more general description. See T02 for analogue or hybrid systems. For computer systems using redundancy, see T01-G03 and T01-G05B codes.|
T01-M01|Current|(1992-    )|Single processor computer unit||Covers processor arrangements where instructions are received from an external source. See T01-M05 for pre-programmed architectures.|Microprocessor, CPU
T01-M02|Current|(1992-    )|Multiprocessor systems|T01-J02|Covers use of multiple processors to process logically- or functionally-divided jobs or tasks, and to execute programs or program segments concurrently, asynchronously or simultaneously. Multi-tasking is covered by T01-F02 codes.|Master-slave
T01-M02A|Current|(1992-    )|Distributed|T01-J02A|Covers use of separate computers that are linked through communications network to process task/job.|Plain, true, distributed
T01-M02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Computer networks||Computer network interfacing is covered by T01-C03A. Inter-computer communication is covered by T01-H07C. See also W01-A06 codes for network details and networks in general.|LAN, WAN
T01-M02A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Network-only computers|T01-M02A1|Includes computers designed to operate using software accessed via a network e.g. Internet.|Internet, network computer, network terminal
T01-M02A1B|Current|(1997-    )|Client-server systems|T01-M02A|Covers architecture details of Client-Server systems. Computer networks in general are covered by W01-A06 codes. Data communication within Client-Server Networks are covered by T01-N02A2C. Use of servers is coded in T01-N02A3C.|Client-server, back-end, front-end
T01-M02A1C|Current|(1997-    )|Internetworking||Covers architectural details of internetworking systems such as the Internet, 'Internet-of-Things', WANs and the associated interconnection details. See also W01-A06B7 for Internets, W01-A06G for interconnection details and T01-N02A2 for communication details.|Internet, intranet, WAN, LAN
T01-M02B|Current|(1992-    )|Co-operative|T01-J02B||
T01-M02C|Current|(1992-    )|Parallel/array|T01-J02C|Computer architectures designed to carry out multiple arithmetic operations simultaneously or concurrently.|Systolic, hypercube
T01-M02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by instruction/data relationship||Architectures classified by the presence of single or multiple streams of instructions and data.|SIMD (single instruction multiple data), SISD (single instruction single data), MIMD (multiple instruction multiple data), MISD (multiple instruction single data)
T01-M02C2|Current|(1992-    )|Pipeline/vector computer||Instruction pipelining is covered by T01-F03B.|
T01-M02C3|Current|(2005-    )|Superscalar computers||For processors that execute multiple scalar operations in parallel. Includes Very Long Instruction Word processors. See T01-M02C prior to 2005.|VLIW, 2nd Generation RISC, Trace Scheduling
T01-M02D|Current|(1997-    )|Master-slave systems|T01-M02||Master-slave
T01-M03|Current|(1992-    )|Data/demand driven||Architectures for executing only executable code components required to provide requested data.|
T01-M04|Current|(1992-    )|Reduced instruction set computer||See T01-F03B for pipelined execution of machine instructions.|RISC
T01-M05|Current|(1992-    )|General microcomputing architectures|T01-J|Covers processor arrangements where instructions are pre-programmed or hardwired into the processor before processing is carried out. See also T01-F06 for program arrangements.|ASIC
T01-M06|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type|||
T01-M06A|Current|(1992-    )|Mini/micro/PC|T01-X|Covers personal computers. For use as descriptive code with other T01 codes.|
T01-M06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Portable||Includes laptop, notebook, hand-held and calculator. For processing aspect of calculator see also T01-J01.|
T01-M06A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Hand-held: Tablet computers||For mobile telephones with computer functionality see W01. Pre-1997, search T01-J01, T01-J05, T01-J09, T01-M06A1.|iPad(RTM)
T01-M06A1B|Current|(1997-    )|Docking stations|T01-M06A||
T01-M06A1C|Current|(2006-    )|E-book reader hardware||Hardware specifically for displaying E-books. Includes details of screens, controls and design intended to simulate a conventional paper book. See also T01-N01B5 for online aspects, U14 for novel display aspects T01-M06A1A, T01-L02B, V04 for novel casings.|
T01-M06A1D|Current|(2006-    )|Wearable computers||Includes 'smartwatches' and other computer devices used for applications such as fitness tracking and health monitoring. For physiological measurements search with S05-D01 codes and for performance-related measurements during sports or fitness training search with W04-X01A1.|
T01-M06A3|Current|(1997-    )|Desktop/mini-tower|T01-M06A||
T01-M06A5|Current|(2006-    )|Consoles||This code covers computer systems designed as one self contained unit, e.g. video game console.|
T01-M06A9|Current|(1992-    )|Personal computer types - other|||
T01-M06B|Current|(1992-    )|Mainframe|T01-X|Covers systems handling large base of time-sharing terminal users.|
T01-M06C|Current|(1992-    )|Supercomputer|T01-X||
T01-M06D|Current|(1992-    )|Optical system||See also T01-E05A for digital optical processing elements, and T02-A03 for analogue and hybrid optical processing elements.|
T01-M06E|Current|(1992-    )|Superconductor system|T01-X|See also T01-E05C for superconducting elements. See also U14-F02 codes.|
T01-M06Q|Current|(2005-    )|Quantum system||Using quantum devices for processing. Prior to 2005 see T01-M06C/X. See T01-E05Q for processing systems using quantum mechanics.|Quantum well gate
T01-M06S|Current|(2005-    )|Servers||Covers architecture and construction of servers. Use of servers in computer networks is covered in T01-N02A3C, client-server systems communications in T01-N02A2C and architecture of client-server systems in T01-M02A1B. Constructional details are also coded in T01-L section.|
T01-M06X|Current|(1992-    )|Computer types - other|||
T01-M09|Current|(1992-    )|Computer/processing architecture (inc. virtual machines) - other||Virtual machines are also coded in T01-F05. See also T01-F05G3 for virtual systems, and T01-F02 for multiprogramming.|Emulation
T01-N|Current|(2002-    )|Internet and information transfer|T01-H07C||
T01-N01|Current|(2002-    )|Applications||Documents describing specific applications of network communication and Internet systems.|
T01-N01A|Current|(2002-    )|Financial/business||See T01-J05A and T01-H07C5E prior to 2002. From 2002 on-line systems are coded here with off-line being coded in T01-J05A.|
T01-N01A1|Current|(2002-    )|EFT/banking||Includes Internet banking, billing, point of sale (POS) and metering, see T01-J05A1 and T01-H07C5E prior to 2002.|Internet Bank, Electronic funds transfer
T01-N01A2|Current|(2002-    )|Internet business models||Includes Business Models for the Internet, See T01-J05A and T01-H07C5E prior 2002, and T01-J05A2 for non-Internet related Business models.|
T01-N01A2A|Current|(2002-    )|E-shop, e-auction, e-mall, and e-services||Includes on-line ordering, transactions of goods and services, and virtual market place, See T01-J05A together with T01-H07C5E prior to 2002.|On-line shopping, auction, e-commerce
T01-N01A2B|Current|(2002-    )|E-procurement||Includes seeking suppliers, electronic tendering, See T01-J05A2 together with T01-H07C5E prior to 2002.|
T01-N01A2C|Current|(2002-    )|Advertising and marketing||Includes network based systems such as web marketing, common marketing, consumer buying habits, feedback and banner advertising. See also T01-N01A1 and T05-L02 if involving financial incentives (coupons) and W05-E03E for display aspects.|
T01-N01A2D|Current|(2002-    )|Social media / virtual communities||Includes social media discussion forums and message posting. See also T01-N03A1C for messaging applications. Pre-2002 see T01-J05A and T01-H07C5E.|Facebook (RTM), Twitter(RTM)
T01-N01A2E|Current|(2002-    )|Value chain service provider and integrator||Includes logistics, production management, web based shipping support, web hosting and integrated on-line management.|Enterprise systems, SAP (tm), NetWeaver (rtm)
T01-N01A2F|Current|(2002-    )|Information brokerage||Includes financial advice, consultancy, stock/commodities/futures market monitoring/trading (see also T01-N01A1 and T05-L02 for trading). See T01-J05A2 with T01-H07C5E prior to 2002.|On-line broker
T01-N01A2G|Current|(2005-    )|On-line Intellectual Property (IP) and copyright management||See T01-J05A2G for off-line systems including protecting copyright of downloaded files. See also W04 for audio/video aspects.|
T01-N01A2H|Current|(2005-    )|On-line personnel management||Includes internal business administration, performance management, payroll, pensions, benefits, recruitment, career development, etc. See T01-J05A2H for offline personnel management.|
T01-N01A2J|Current|(2005-    )|On-line insurance and risk analysis||Includes on-line processing and assessing insurance claims, evaluation of risk factors in a loan determination.|
T01-N01A2L|Current|(2007-    )|Legal and Regulatory||Includes legal services such as litigation and contracts as well as accountability and compliance with government regulations.|
T01-N01A2M|Current|(2010-    )|Carbon Trading||Covers emissions trading, previously coded as T01-N01A2F.|Cap and trade, Kyoto protocol
T01-N01A3|Current|(2005-    )|E-government||This code is intended for network based electronic public administration and management tools used by governmental bodies or agencies to implement government-to-citizen (G2C), government-to-business (G2B) and/or government-to-government (G2G) service(s). Includes commerce, e-voting, immigration, law enforcement, licensing, taxation, records management etc. See T01-J05A3 for off-line systems and T05-F for voting.|E-Gov, G2C, G2B, G2G, E-voting
T01-N01A4|Current|(2007-    )|On-line non-profit organization||Includes charities.|
T01-N01B|Current|(2002-    )|Entertainment||See T01-H07C together with T01-H07C5E prior to 2002, from 2005 expanded to cover on-line educational systems.|
T01-N01B1|Current|(2002-    )|Gaming||Includes network, on-line gaming and on-line gambling (see also T01-N01A1, T05-L02 and W04). See T01-H07C3B, T01-H07C3D and T01-H07C5E prior to 2002. See T01-J30 for off-line systems.|Internet gaming, MUD, multi user dungeon, MMOG, MMORPG, massive multi-user on-line game
T01-N01B2|Current|(2002-    )|Chat rooms||See T01-H07C3D together with T01-H07C5E prior 2002.|On-line chat
T01-N01B3|Current|(2005-    )|On-line education||Covers Educational systems using a computer network and use of computer networks in an educational environment. See T01-J30A together with T01-N01D prior to 2005. See also T01-N01A2D for virtual classrooms, etc.|
T01-N01B3A|Current|(2005-    )|Remote examination/testing|||
T01-N01B4|Current|(2005-    )|News systems||Covers on-line systems for news updates including e-mail subscription services (together with T01-N01C).|
T01-N01B5|Current|(2006-    )|E-books||Documents describing E-book (electronic book) per say including file format aspects see also T01-N01A2G for copyright control aspects T01-J11C for electronic documents in general.|E-book, Electronic book
T01-N01B9|Current|(2002-    )|Other internet entertainment|||
T01-N01C|Current|(2002-    )|E-mail||Includes electronic mail for use by computer systems connected to a network. Facsimile services are covered by S06 codes, telex systems by W02 codes and message switched networks by W01-A codes. See also W01-A06E1, W01-A06G2, and W01-A06X.|Computerised voice mail
T01-N01D|Current|(2002-    )|Data transfer||Includes downloading file from remote site (FTP). See T01-H07C3 and T01-H07C5E prior to 2002.|
T01-N01D1|Current|(2002-    )|Multimedia|T01-J09, T01-H07C3D|Combination of text, data, image, sound, or computer programs. Audio/video aspects of multimedia systems are also assigned W04-K10, see T01-H07C3D prior to 2002.|
T01-N01D1A|Current|(2002-    )|Audio, sound transfer|T01-H07C3A|See T01-H07C3A prior to 2002.|Internet radio
T01-N01D1B|Current|(2002-    )|Video transfer|T01-H07C3B|Includes computerised video conferencing. See T01-H07C3B and T01-H07C5E prior to 2002. See also W01-A06E1A for data conferencing and broadcasting and W02-F01E3 interactive Internet broadcasting.|JPEG, MPEG
T01-N01D2|Current|(2002-    )|Document transfer|T01-H07C3C|For transfer of files other than multimedia. Includes downloading non-internet executable programs, as well as web page transfer. Includes the transfer of Instant Message (IM) data between users in real time.|WWW, URL
T01-N01D3|Current|(2002-    )|From remote site or server|T01-H07C3E|Includes networks where applications are run on server under the control of a client system. See T01-H07C3E prior to 2002.|Applet, Java, thin-client
T01-N01D3A|Current|(2012-    )|Network only systems||Includes network systems where applications are run using a virtual system from remote locations|Cloud Computing, Citrix (RTM), Virtual Desktop
T01-N01D4|Current|(2005-    )|Network file caching||For storage of regularly accessed files such as web graphics. See also T01-N02A3C for server based caching, T01-N03A1 for browser based caching, see also T01-H03A before 2005.|
T01-N01D5|Current|(2006-    )|Multicasting|||
T01-N01E|Current|(2005-    )|On-line medicine||See also S05 codes for electrical medical equipment in general. For initial diagnostic, S05-D06A. For continuing monitoring, S05-G02B2A. From 2005 see T01-N01E for on-line systems. For drug delivery/ordering systems see also T01-N01A2 codes.|
T01-N01E1|Current|(2005-    )|On-line medical information systems||See also S05-G02G. For medical records, S05-G02G1. For administration including appointments, S05-G02G2.|
T01-N01F|New|(2017-    )|Internet of Things||Interconnection / Internetworking of computers, devices and systems used in applications such as home automation, smart grids.|
T01-N02|Current|(2002-    )|Communications and control|T01-H07C5A|See T01-H07C3A prior to 2002.|
T01-N02A|Current|(2002-    )|Communication||Includes computer communications within a network.|
T01-N02A1|Current|(2002-    )|Communication protocol|T01-H07P, T01-H07C|Covers Novel aspects of TCP/IP and novel uses of other protocol types for transfer over a network. See also W01-A06F for protocols in general and W01-A06F2 for network protocols. See T01-H07P prior to 2002, T01-H07C prior to 1997. Bus transfer protocols are found in T01-H07B.|
T01-N02A1A|Current|(2005-    )|Addressing||Covers network addressing as opposed to routing. For setting and determining destination of packets, not route that they will travel. Includes Domain Name System (DNS), network identification and Universal Resource Locators (URLs). See also W01-A06F2.|URL, IP address
T01-N02A1B|Current|(2005-    )|Ad-hoc network systems||Includes setting up dynamic networks. See also under application, e.g. T01-N01B2 for chat rooms, T01-N01A2C for advertising. See also W01 for network codes, e.g. W01-A06C4A for Bluetooth network or W01-A07H2A for Bluetooth interface.|Proximitymail (tm), BluePing (tm), 'On-the-Fly' wireless network, relay area network, RAN, localised community messaging network
T01-N02A2|Current|(2002-    )|Network communication|T01-H07C5A, T01-H07P|For communications between computers in a network, see T01-H07C5A and T01-H07P prior to 2002.|
T01-N02A2A|Current|(2002-    )|LAN|T01-H07C5C|Includes computer communication over a private network i.e. interconnected distributed communities of computer based data terminals within a single building or a localised group of buildings. See T01-H07C5C prior to 2002, and also see W01.|Intranet, local area network
T01-N02A2B|Current|(2002-    )|WAN|T01-H07C5E|Includes computer communication over a public network i.e. networks which link computers, data terminals or Local Area Networks which are physically located in different locations or establishments, also see T01-H07C5E prior to 2002 and see W01.|Internet, wide area network, Gateway, PSTN, TCP/IP
T01-N02A2C|Current|(2002-    )|Client/server system|T01-H07C5S|Includes computer communication using a client/server relationship, see T01-H07C5S prior to 2002.|
T01-N02A2D|Current|(2005-    )|SAN||Code covers storage area networks. See also T01-H01B codes for storage media type, T01-N02B codes for access and W01-A06B5B for network aspects.|
T01-N02A2E|Current|(2005-    )|Peer-to-peer networks||Covers network communication between stations without using a central server. See also W01-A06B8C and W01-A06E2B.|Viral network, p2p
T01-N02A2X|Current|(2002-    )|Other network communication system||Includes other types of computer communications not already covered in T01-N02A2.|
T01-N02A3|Current|(2002-    )|Hardware||Includes physical hardware such as computers and servers used for accessing a network, see T01-H07C5S prior to 2002.|
T01-N02A3A|Current|(2002-    )|Dedicated systems for accessing the internet, e.g. set-top box||Includes systems designed specifically for accessing the Internet, also see W04.|
T01-N02A3B|Current|(2002-    )|Computer based routing|T01-H07C5A|Includes routing and management of network traffic, also see W01 and see T01-H07C5A prior to 2002.|
T01-N02A3C|Current|(2002-    )|Servers|T01-H07C5S|Includes processing performed on the server and claimed server devices, see T01-M06S for architecture and construction (along with T01-L). See T01-H07C5S prior to 2002.|
T01-N02B|Current|(2002-    )|Control||Includes control of computer software.|
T01-N02B1|Current|(2002-    )|Access and control||Includes control of access to file and folders.|Permissions, access control list, ISP
T01-N02B1A|Current|(2002-    )|File management and access||See T01-F05G5 if done by an operating system. Includes watermarking (see also T01-D02A from 2005) and digital certificates for file authentication for file transfer see also T01-N01D.|Hash values, digital certificates
T01-N02B1B|Current|(2002-    )|User privileges/password systems||Includes access file/folders and restricted areas using a password, see T01-J12C prior to 2002.|Security, login, Permissions, access control list
T01-N02B1C|Current|(2005-    )|Unsolicited advertising protection||Includes spam and pop up protection, see also T01-N01C for e-mail.|spyware, adware, browser hijack
T01-N02B1D|Current|(2005-    )|Firewalls||Includes devices or software for controlling access to network data or resources from external network connections and for controlling access to external network resources or data by internal network clients.|Firewall, intrusion detection, port forwarding, port blocking, NAT, stateful packet inspection
T01-N02B1E|Current|(2006-    )|Network operating system management||Management of network operating systems. Installation and/or updating of software involving transmission over network. For network security software updates see T01-N02B3.|Automatic software updates
T01-N02B1F|Current|(2006-    )|Internet portals|||
T01-N02B1G|Current|(2006-    )|Internet gateway|||
T01-N02B1H|Current|(2006-    )|Biometric authentication||Covers biometric authentication for computer networks. See T01-J12C1B for off-line systems. See also T04-D07F for biometric image recognition and S05-D01C5A for measurement systems.|
T01-N02B2|Current|(2002-    )|Monitoring|T01-H07C5A|Includes monitoring computer/network communications and hardware, see T01-H07C5Aprior to 2002.|
T01-N02B2A|Current|(2002-    )|User monitoring||Includes monitoring a user(s) activity on a computer/network.|Cookie
T01-N02B2B|Current|(2002-    )|System and fault monitoring|T01-H07C5A|Includes monitoring systems which are used to monitor computer hardware operation, log events, report failures also, on-line(internet-based) monitoring and on-line diagnosis of any electronic system, see T01-H07C5A prior to 2002. For monitoring of electrical appliances over the internet see T01-N01D and W05.|Event monitor, system log, event viewer
T01-N02B2C|Current|(2005-    )|Transmitted content analysis||Monitoring contents of transmitted files, including emails.|Packet sniffing, chat room monitoring
T01-N02B3|Old|(2006-2006)|Testing network vulnerability||Covers testing server security and setting updates for security programs.|
T01-N02B3|Current|(2007-    )|Anti-Virus, Testing network vulnerability||Anti-Virus, Anti-Spyware Software applications. Testing server security and setting updates for security programs. For security program update via network transmission see T01-N02B1E. Before 2007 see T01-J20D for Anti-Virus software applications.|Anti-Virus, Anti-Spyware, Trojan, Worm
T01-N02B5|Current|(2006-    )|Web site management|||
T01-N03|Current|(2002-    )|Internet software||Search together with T01-S03.|
T01-N03A|Current|(2002-    )|User applications|||
T01-N03A1|Current|(2002-    )|Browser||Includes browsers used to browse the Internet, search together with T01-S03 for software browsers, previously coded in T01-J12B prior to 2002.|Internet explorer(tm), Netscape(tm)
T01-N03A1A|Current|(2002-    )|Content management/parental control||Includes controlling the content viewed using a browser.|Net nanny
T01-N03A1B|Current|(2002-    )|Media player||Includes software which allows multimedia content/information to be viewed/played.|Real player(tm)
T01-N03A1C|Current|(2002-    )|Messaging/chat applications||Includes pop-up messaging/chat windows. See also T01-N01A2D for social media in general.|WhatsApp(RTM), ICQ
T01-N03A2|Current|(2002-    )|Search engines and searching||Search together with T01-J05B3 and T01-H07C5E prior to 2002.|
T01-N03A3|Current|(2005-    )|Meeting co-ordination and organiser/calendar applications||Covers applications to arrange meetings with groups of people through software. Covers a personal calendar application linked to an email program. See T01-J11E for off-line. See also T01-N01C for email.|Outlook (tm), lotus notes (tm)
T01-N03B|Current|(2002-    )|Constructional software||Includes software used to design web sites/page.|
T01-N03B1|Current|(2002-    )|Internet executable programs||Includes executable programs, e.g. applets, flash needed to view content. Covers only novel aspects see T01-N01D3 or T01-N03A1 for applications.|applet, flash, Java bean
T01-N03B2|Current|(2002-    )|Mark up languages||Includes page description language used in creating, editing, and navigating electronic documents, see T01-J11C1 prior to 2002.|hypertext, HTML, XML
T01-N03B2A|Current|(2002-    )|Editors||Includes editors used to edit mark up language e.g. Microsoft(r) FrontPage.|
T01-N03B2B|Current|(2007-    )|Parsing mark-up language documents|||
T01-N03B3|Current|(2005-    )|Scripting languages||Covers patents concerned with web based scripting languages which are neither compiled nor mark-up languages.|PHP, ASP, JavaScript, PERL, CGI
T01-N03B4|Current|(2005-    )|Format conversion||Covers conversion of media from one network standard to another one. Includes converting e-mail (T01-N01C) to e.g. Facsimile (S06) or SMS (W01), also includes converting web browser formats such as SGML, XML and HTML (T01-N03B2).|
T01-N03B5|Current|(2006-    )|Web site management||Incorporation of multimedia content in websites. Changing content viewed by different visitors to site.|
T01-P|Retired|(1992-2001)|Computer educational aids and toys*|T01-X|*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J30 and T01-J40 from 2002.|
T01-P01|Retired|(1992-2001)|Educational*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J30A from 2002. Includes use of computers for education and training purposes, question and answer systems, computer aided instruction, CAI, tuition support systems, student testing and computerised marking systems (see also T04 codes). Educational equipment is also assigned W04-W codes.|
T01-P02|Retired|(1992-2001)|Toys, games and novelties*||*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J30B1 from 2002. Covers all computer games and computerised toys. See W04-X codes for electrical aspects of games and amusements.|
T01-P02A|Retired|(1997-2001)|Computer video games*|T01-P02|*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J30B and T01-J40A from 2002. See W04-X02C for video games, and T01-J10C for image generation aspects.|
T01-P02B|Retired|(1997-2001)|Sports equipment*|T01-P02|*This code is now discontinued, see T01-J40B from 2002. See also W04-X01 codes for electrical aspects of sports equipment in general.|
T01-S|Current|(1995-    )|Software content||These codes are used to indicate documents that have a significant software content, and which contain either a program listing, or in which software is used. T01-S codes are used in conjunction with other T01 codes to indicate software aspects.|
T01-S01|Current|(1997-    )|Software listings||Software in the form of a program listing.|
T01-S01A|Current|(1997-    )|Machine-oriented low-level languages|T01-S|Documents containing listings written in e.g. binary, machine, assembler and firmware languages.|
T01-S01B|Current|(1997-    )|High-level languages|T01-S|Documents containing source code written in high level language, e.g. C, C++, Java, Visual Basic etc.|
T01-S01C|Current|(1997-    )|Pseudo-code and algorithms|T01-S|Documents in which algorithms, rather than software is disclosed.|
T01-S02|Current|(1997-    )|Software patents||Covers documents in which an invention is described and claimed in terms of software, but in which no program listing is included.|
T01-S03|Current|(1997-    )|Claimed software products||Claimed products based on software, and stored on e.g. CD-ROM, in which the use of a computer program or software components is stated in an independent claim.|
T01-X|Current||Miscellaneous|||
T02|Current||Analogue and hybrid computers|||
T02-A|Current||Analogue computers|||
T02-A01|Current||Hand-manipulated|||Slide-rule, linear, circular
T02-A02|Current||Mechanical or fluid-pressure computers|||Pneumatic, hydraulic, gearing
T02-A03|Current||Using optical or electro-optical, elements||See also T02-B and T01-E05A. Optical components per se are found in V07.|Transform, correlation, acoustic-optical
T02-A03A|Current|(1992-    )|Implementations||Includes diffraction grating and Fourier analysis implemented using optical elements.|
T02-A03B|Current|(1992-    )|Optical computer||Digital optical computers are coded in T01-M06D and digital components in T01-E05A.|
T02-A04|Current||Electric or magnetic computers|||
T02-A04A|Current||Applications|||Modelling, simulation
T02-A04A1|Current||Economics, statistics, electric equipment, structures|||
T02-A04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Neuronal|T02-A04A9|Neural networks are also coded in T01-J16C1 and digital neural elements in T01-E05B.|
T02-A04A9|Current||Applications - other|||
T02-A04B|Current||Processing|||Operational amplifier
T02-A04B1|Current||Multiplication or division|||
T02-A04B2|Current||Integration or differentiation|||Integrator
T02-A04B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Convolution|||SAW convolver
T02-A04B3|Current||Evaluating polynomials, roots, exponentials, discontinuous functions|||Square-root, exponent, logarithm, tangent, cotangent, sine, cosine, trigonometry
T02-A04B4|Current||Arbitrary function generation|||
T02-A04B5|Current||Interpolation, extrapolation, equation solving|||
T02-A04B6|Current|(1992-    )|Fuzzy logic|T02-A04B9|See also T01-J16B and U21-C03B1B.|
T02-A04B9|Current||Processing (incl. optimisation or addition) - other||Includes correlation transforms, (coded in T02-A04B1, T02-A04B2 prior to 8701).|
T02-A04X|Current||Electric or magnetic computers (incl. programming) - other|||
T02-B|Current||Hybrid computing arrangements||See also T02-A03 and T01-E05A for use of optical components.|
T03|Current||Data recording||This class covers dynamic recording systems i.e. those based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer. Record carriers themselves are included irrespective of application and are covered in T03 alone. Mechanical aspects of carrier driving and head positioning are also included in T03 for all applications, but W04 codes are assigned as well to indicate intended use for audio/video recording. All other aspects of audio and video recording, such as circuitry and signal processing, are covered in W04 only. Static stores themselves are coded in U14 and computer storage systems using them in T01-H codes. Abstract storage systems (e.g. software for controlling storage) that do not contain any details of physical recording equipment, such as methods for backing up computer data, are covered in T01 and are not coded in T03. Bar-coding is covered in T04-A03B1. In class T03, recording technologies are split into 'group' (5 character) codes covering four main areas: T03-A - magnetic recording, e.g. 'hard disc drives', but also including floppy discs, magnetic tape, cards and tickets. T03-B - optical recording, e.g. optical discs such as the 'CD' and 'DVD', optical cards and tape also being included. T03-C - capacitive recording, electron beam recording and 'tunnel current' recording. T03-D - 'combination' recording, i.e. recording using two (or more) of the above methods, e.g. magneto-optical recording such as 'minidiscs' (R) but also including electro-optical recording and other technologies. Apart from the above codes, the other code groups in T03 are independent of 'recording technology' and can be assigned alone - when inventions are broadly applicable - or in conjunction with the technology codes to convey more detail. For example, within the T03-F disc drive codes, T03-F02C1 represents a novel drive motor. In the T03-A codes specific to magnetic recording T03-A08A1C is assigned for any aspect of hard disc drives. Thus a novel disc drive motor for an HDD is coded as T03-A08A1C and T03-F02C1.|
T03-A|Current||Magnetic recording/reproduction||'Combination' recording involving magnetic methods such as magneto-optical, is not included - see T03-D01 codes.|
T03-A01|Current||Record carriers||Includes materials for cards with magnetic 'strip' - see T04-C01 also. Magnetic record carriers per se are coded in T03 only, even if audio-video application is stated. For records prior to 2002 carriers with containers (e.g. tape cassettes) are also coded in W04 when application to audio or video recording is stated or implied.|
T03-A01A|Current||Magnetic layers||Prior to 2007 all magnetic materials and films are also coded in V02-A01 and V02-B01 codes respectively. From 2007 V02-B01 has been discontinued while V02-A01 codes are only applied for magnetic materials of general application. Therefore V02 is no longer routinely assigned for magnetic recording media and heads with the exception of nanostructures, which are coded in V02-B04.|Particle, bind, ferromagnetic, film, coating, layer
T03-A01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Magnetic materials||Includes composition and physical details of materials.|
T03-A01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Metal and alloy compositions||Prior to 2007 this topic is also coded in V02-A01A2. This topic is no longer coded in V02.|Chromium, cobalt, iron, nickel
T03-A01A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Non-metallic compositions||Includes ferrite materials. Prior to 2007 this topic is also coded in V02-A01B2.|Oxide, ferrous, ferric, gamma
T03-A01A1E|Current|(1992-    )|Physical details||Covers details such as e.g. size or shape of magnetic particles themselves - details of physical properties of magnetic layer as a whole are covered by T03-A01A8.|Acicular, diameter, needle
T03-A01A3|Current|(1987-    )|Binder materials||Includes composition, physical details and manufacture.|Resin, polyurethane, PVC, polymer, copolymer
T03-A01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Additional non-magnetic material in magnetic layer||Includes lubricant (see also T03-A01B5 codes).|
T03-A01A6|Current|(1992-    )|Multilayer magnetic coatings||Layer arrangements of carrier as a whole are covered by T03-A01F.|
T03-A01A6A|Current|(2006-    )|Exchange coupling system|||
T03-A01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Complete magnetic layer formula||See also T03-A01A which will continue to be used for cases where precise details cannot be identified.|Recipe, formulation, composition
T03-A01A8|Current|(1992-    )|Physical details of magnetic layer||Details of magnetic materials per se are covered by T03-A01A1 codes.|
T03-A01A8A|Current|(1997-    )|Physical and chemical details of magnetic layer||Covers thickness, hardness, etc. and also inventions specifying low level of, or absence of, certain elements.|Hardness, HB, HR, HV, durability, roughness, film
T03-A01A8C|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic property details of magnetic layer||Covers details such as specific coercivity, Curie point etc.|
T03-A01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic layer details - other|||
T03-A01B|Current||Base layers; protective coatings|||Film, surface, protect, substrate, lubricate, organic
T03-A01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Base layers, substrate|||
T03-A01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate|||Polyester, polyethylene, terephthalate, resin, glass, aluminium, titanium, alloy
T03-A01B1B|Current|(1992-    )|Base layers||Covers layers applied to substrate before magnetic layer is deposited.|Under-layer
T03-A01B1X|Current|(1992-    )|Base layers, substrate - other||Indicates layers between magnetic layers, normally used with T03-A01A6, which indicates multilayer magnetic coatings.|Intermediate
T03-A01B3|Current|(1987-    )|Backing layers||Covers layers on opposite side of substrate to magnetic film.|Back-coating layer, reverse
T03-A01B5|Current|(1987-    )|Protective coating and lubricating layers||T03-A01B5B takes precedence over T03-A01B5A if the position of the lubricating layer is not disclosed or determinable.|Film, anti-abrasion, slide, friction
T03-A01B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Lubricating layers part of magnetic layer||See T03-A01A5 also.|
T03-A01B5B|Current|(1992-    )|Lubricating layer separate from magnetic layer||Covers layer subsequently applied to carrier surface.|Disc
T03-A01B5C|Current|(1992-    )|Protective coating layer||Antistatic layers are covered by T03-A01B5D.|Anti-corrosion, nitride
T03-A01B5D|Current|(1992-    )|Antistatic layers and materials||For antistatic measures and materials in general see X25-S codes.|Charge, triboelectric, conductive dispersion, carbon black
T03-A01B5X|Current|(1992-    )|Protective coating and lubricating layers - other||Includes 'parking area' e.g. for CSS operation of a hard disc (T03-A01C1A). See also T03-A01G.|Contact-start-stop, zone
T03-A01B7|Current|(2008-    )|Heat transfer layers||This code covers heat transfer layers chiefly for thermo-assisted magnetic record carriers, for which T03-A01T is also assigned.|Thermal, laser, heating, spot
T03-A01C|Current||Characterised by form||Codes in this section are applied to indicate the type of carrier only and are used in conjunction with other T03-A01 codes as appropriate. To distinguish recording apparatus in general by carrier type, see T03-N codes.|
T03-A01C1|Current|(1987-    )|Disc|||
T03-A01C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Hard disc||Covers disc with rigid substrate.|Stack, cylinder, bulk store
T03-A01C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Flexible disc||Covers floppy discs.|
T03-A01C3|Current|(1987-    )|Tape|||
T03-A01C3A|Current|(1992-    )|For helical scan recording|||
T03-A01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Card|T03-M01|See T04 also for card carriers of 'magnetic strip' type.|
T03-A01C7|Current|(1992-    )|Drum|||
T03-A01C8|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by intended application||Codes in this section are only used if the carrier is specified (not necessarily claimed) to be primarily for a specific purpose.|
T03-A01C8A|Current|(1992-    )|Audio recording|||
T03-A01C8B|Current|(1992-    )|Video recording|||VTR, camera-recorder, camcorder, electronic still picture camera, Mavica
T03-A01C8C|Current|(1992-    )|Computer data recording||This code is not used for hard discs, the assumption being made that such carriers are chiefly intended for this purpose.|
T03-A01C8X|Current|(1992-    )|Recording application - other|||
T03-A01C9|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic carrier - other||Includes work piece adapted to store limited amount of data e.g. for identification purposes. This code, when assigned with T03-M02 indicates photographic film with an integral magnetic carrier. (See also S06-B codes).|
T03-A01D|Current|(1987-    )|Vertical recording medium||This code is used with other T03-A01 codes as appropriate.|Perpendicular, thickness direction
T03-A01E|Current|(1992-    )|Superconducting magnetic record carrier||This code is used with other T03-A01 codes as appropriate. See T03-A06K for other aspects of using superconductors in magnetic recording. General aspects of recording using superconductors (other than in magnetic recording) are covered by T03-C07. Superconductive devices and materials in general are covered by U14-F codes. (X12-D06 codes are assigned for high-power aspects of superconductors).|
T03-A01F|Current|(1992-    )|Layer arrangements|T03-A01X|This code deals with emphasis on sequence of layers without particular reference to any one. Multilayer magnetic coatings are covered by T03-A01A6.|
T03-A01G|Current|(1992-    )|Additional recording area and physical recording format|T03-A01X|This code covers the physical arrangement of the record carrier into separate areas, either for dedicated (e.g. servo tracks) or general use. Recording formatting on a physically continuous recording surface is covered by T03-A06F1.|Hard sectoring, index, format, pre-format, reference
T03-A01G1|Current|(1992-    )|Separate magnetic tracks|T03-A01X||
T03-A01G3|Current|(2008-    )|Carrier with discrete magnetic recording areas||Includes magnetic carrier with patterned magnetic layer, such as nano-imprinted type. For hard disk carriers search with T03-A01C1A and other T03-A01 codes as appropriate. Manufacture of such carriers is covered by T03-A02G3 and other T03-A02 codes as appropriate.|Pattern, depression, pit
T03-A01G5|Current|(1992-    )|Using other recording method|T03-A01X|Covers the use of non-magnetic storage, e.g. a magnetic carrier with an optical or capacitive servo track.|
T03-A01H|Current|(1992-    )|Leader|T03-A01X|Includes compositions, details of optical transparency, etc. See T03-E05A5 for leader-sensing mode control in tape drives.|Colour, light, transmission, autostop
T03-A01R|Current|(2006-    )|Recycling and destroying magnetic carrier||This code is used for recycling and destroying of magnetic record carriers only. Recycling and destroying of optical carriers is covered by T03-B01R and of magneto-optical carriers by T03-D01R. Where an invention is applicable to recycling or destruction of several types of carrier or the type is not disclosed the general code T03-H02R is assigned instead. For recycling of recording or playing equipment see V04-X01C.|
T03-A01T|Current|(2008-    )|Thermo-assisted magnetic record carrier||Covers magnetic carriers which are locally heated to facilitate high-density recording. Equipment using this type of recording is assigned T03-A06N1 codes, (T03-A06M codes from 2007-2012), and other T03 codes as appropriate.|HAMR, heat assisted magnetic recording
T03-A01X|Current||Magnetic carrier details - other|||Marking, cinefilm magnetic soundtrack
T03-A02|Current||Record carrier manufacture||For manufacture restricted to a specific type of carrier, search with T03-A02E codes.|
T03-A02A|Current|(1987-    )|Applying magnetic film to substrate||Includes apparatus (with T03-A02D1) and methods for liquid deposition, sputtering, evaporation, and other techniques. Prior to 2007 see V02-H02 codes also for magnetic film application. Manufacturing processes other than magnetic layer deposition are covered by T03-A02B codes. (See note for T03-A02B8).|Vapour deposition, vacuum deposition, plating, coating
T03-A02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Coating by liquid method, including plating||Prior to 2007 magnetic film deposition by plating is also coded in V02-H02C.|Electrolytic, electroless, spray, dip
T03-A02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Coating by sputtering, vapour deposition|||Vacuum
T03-A02A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Sputtering||Prior to 2007 this topic is coded in V02-H02B as well. Sputtering apparatus of general application is also coded in X25-A04 and V05-F codes.|
T03-A02A3B|Current|(1992-    )|Vapour deposition|||Heat, vessel, evaporate
T03-A02A3X|Current|(1992-    )|Coating by sputtering, vapour deposition - other||Includes techniques such as plasma spraying.|Flame, jet
T03-A02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Treatment of deposited layer|||
T03-A02A5A|Current|(1992-    )|During deposition||Includes e.g. magnetic orientation.|Field, orient, direction
T03-A02A5C|Current|(1992-    )|After deposition||Includes e.g. heat treatment.|Drying
T03-A02B|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate and non-magnetic layer processing||Codes in this section are used to describe manufacturing processes (or equipment when used with T03-A02D codes) other than for magnetic layer deposition, which is covered by T03-A02A.|
T03-A02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of substrate and base layers|||
T03-A02B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of substrate per se||Includes shaping, stamping etc. but not manufacture of substrate material, which is covered by T03-A01B1A. Prior to 1997, this code covered texturing and polishing of substrates (chiefly for hard discs, in which case T03-A02E1A is also assigned). From 1997 these topics are transferred to T03-A02B1C and T03-A02B1D. Both codes are assumed to relate to substrates, unless T03-A02B1B is also assigned to indicate base layer treatment.|Moulding, rolling, punching, extruding, stretching
T03-A02B1B|Current|(1992-    )|Base layer application and treatment||Covers manufacture and deposition of base layers prior to magnetic layer deposition. Manufacture of base layer materials per se is covered by T03-A01B1B.|
T03-A02B1C|Current|(1997-    )|Polishing|T03-A02B1A|It is assumed that this code relates to substrates unless T03-A02B1B is also assigned to indicate base-layer treatment.|
T03-A02B1D|Current|(1997-    )|Texturing||It is assumed that this code relates to substrates, unless T03-A02B1B is also assigned to indicate base-layer treatment.|CSS, flying height, slider, roughness
T03-A02B3|Current|(1992-    )|Backing layer manufacture||Covers production of back-coat layers, but not materials manufacture which is covered by T03-A01B3.|
T03-A02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Protective and lubricating layer manufacture||Covers deposition of layers only, for compositions see T03-A01B5 codes.|
T03-A02B7|Current|(1992-    )|Additional manufacturing processes||Covers manufacturing steps carried out after basic carrier manufacture, e.g. cleaning, tape slitting (previously coded in T03-A02 and T03-M02), etc., but not loading into carrier case which is covered by T03-H01 codes. Equipment performing these processes is coded in T03-A02D3.|Post-treatment
T03-A02B8|Current|(1992-    )|Multistep manufacturing processes||This code is used for inventions covering a number of manufacturing steps without apparent emphasis on any one, and therefore takes precedence over T03-A02A codes if magnetic layer deposition is mentioned as only one of several process steps.|
T03-A02B8A|Current|(1992-    )|Multistep manufacturing process for whole carrier||This code is used for inventions describing the complete manufacturing process only.|
T03-A02B9|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacturing processes - other||Includes packing and shipping of manufactured carrier. Also includes writing of servo tracks during manufacture.|
T03-A02C|Current|(1992-    )|Quality control, testing (methods and equipment)|||QC, evaluate, inspect
T03-A02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Checking manufacturing process|||Monitoring, control, instrumentation
T03-A02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Checking finished or partially finished carrier|||Flaw, inspection, testing, still-picture, contact-stop-start, CSS, lifetime
T03-A02C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Using optical or other inspection||See also appropriate code in S03, e.g. S03-E04F2, which covers optical flaw detection.|Chemical, corrosion, humidity, heat, wear, exfoliation, abrasion, durability, asperity
T03-A02C5B|Current|(1992-    )|By test recording|||Error, bit error rate, BER, check
T03-A02D|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacturing equipment|||
T03-A02D1|Current|(1992-    )|For manufacture of carrier per se||This code is used with other T03-A02 codes as appropriate, to indicate specific purpose. For example, use T03-A02A codes with T03-A02D1 for equipment used to apply magnetic layer to the carrier substrate; for general aspects of equipment for magnetic disc manufacture use T03-A02D1 with T03-A02E1.|
T03-A02D3|Current|(1992-    )|For subsequent processing||Includes equipment for treatment carried out after manufacture of carrier per se, e.g. slitting of tape (previously coded in T03-A02 and T03-M02), and general handling aspects.|Stack, wind, conveyor, feed
T03-A02D5|Current|(1992-    )|For bulk storage, e.g. pancake|||Reel, drum
T03-A02E|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type of carrier||Codes in this section are used (with other manufacturing codes as appropriate) to indicate the type of carrier being manufactured only. Prior to 1992 use T03-N codes.|
T03-A02E1|Current|(1992-    )|Disc|||
T03-A02E1A|Current|(1992-    )|Hard disc|||
T03-A02E1C|Current|(1992-    )|Flexible disc|||
T03-A02E3|Current|(1992-    )|Tape|||
T03-A02E5|Current|(1992-    )|Card|||
T03-A02E7|Current|(1992-    )|Drum|||
T03-A02E9|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic carrier - other|||
T03-A02G|Current|(2008-    )|Manufacture of carrier with separate recording areas||Includes manufacture of magnetic carrier not having magnetic recording film over the whole area.|
T03-A02G1|Current|(2008-    )|Manufacture of carrier with separate magnetic recording tracks||Includes manufacture of magnetic carrier with separate magnetic track regions. For hard disk carriers search with T03-A02E1A and other T03-A02 codes as appropriate.|
T03-A02G3|Current|(2008-    )|Manufacture of carrier with discrete magnetic recording areas||Includes manufacture of magnetic carrier with patterned magnetic layer, such as nano-imprinted type.|Pattern, depression, pit, stamper
T03-A02G5|Current|(2008-    )|Manufacture of carrier including non-magnetic recording areas||Includes manufacture of magnetic carrier with separate recording area using other technology, such as optical, for which T03-B codes are also assigned. Magneto-optical record carriers are not included here, being covered by T03-D01A8 codes.|
T03-A03|Current||Heads||Prior to 2007 see also V02-A02 codes for magnetic materials. Prior to 2002 if audio/video application is indicated see also W04-B02A. For erase heads search with T03-A06E1. From 2002 heads for audio/visual recording are no longer coded in W04-B02. Audio/visual applications are indicated by W04-B10, W04-B12, W04-B14 and W04-B16 codes.|Field, transducer, coil, flux, bias, inductance, yoke, core, ferromagnetic, pick-up, read, write
T03-A03A|Current||Heads with multiple active gaps|||Multichannel, multitrack, film, glass, erase
T03-A03A1|Current|(1992-    )|For operation on same track|||
T03-A03A5|Current|(1992-    )|For operation on different tracks||For array type heads T03-A03A7 takes precedence.|Stereophonic, DCC
T03-A03A7|Current|(1992-    )|Array-type multiple head|||Matrix
T03-A03B|Current||Inductive head structures - other||This code is used for inductive head structures not catered for by other T03-A03 codes which take precedence, or when precise detail cannot be determined.|
T03-A03C|Current||Flux-sensitive heads||Includes magneto-resistive aspects (covered in T03-A03C3).|Read-only
T03-A03C1|Current|(1992-    )|Combined with write head|||Composite, disc drive
T03-A03C3|Current|(1992-    )|Using magnetoresistive material||All heads with thin film construction are additionally coded in T03-A03E. For biasing arrangements see T03-A03J9 also. Magnetoresistive elements used in non-head devices such as MRAM are coded in U12-B01B. Prior to 2007 thin film heads are also coded in V02-B03 but this code is now discontinued.|
T03-A03C3A|Current|(1997-    )|Using giant magnetoresistance effect|||GMR, spin valve, Barkhausen
T03-A03C3C|Current|(2005-    )|Tunnel junction magnetoresistive head||See also T03-A03C3A for tunnel junction giant magnetoresistive head.|
T03-A03C3G|Current|(2006-    )|Ballistic magnetoresistive head|||
T03-A03C3X|Current|(2006-    )|Other magnetoesitive head types|||Colossal
T03-A03C5|Current|(1992-    )|Using semiconductor-type device||See also U12-B01 codes.|Hall effect
T03-A03C9|Current|(2005-    )|Flux sensitive head details|||
T03-A03C9A|Current|(2005-    )|Magnetic layers|||Pinned layer, free layer
T03-A03C9C|Current|(2005-    )|Spacer layer||Includes conductive non-magnetic layer between magnetic layers.|
T03-A03C9E|Current|(2005-    )|Tunnel barrier layer||Includes insulating non-magnetic layer between magnetic layers.|
T03-A03C9G|Current|(2005-    )|Exchange layer|||Anti-ferromagnetic
T03-A03C9J|Current|(2005-    )|Shielding layer||Used for internal shielding layers of magnetoresistive heads only. For other shielding aspects see T03-A03J7A.|
T03-A03C9L|Current|(2005-    )|Layer arrangements||Covers emphasis on sequence of layers without particular reference to any one.|
T03-A03C9N|Current|(2005-    )|Biasing arrangements||Circuitry for biasing magnetic heads is covered in T03-A06G.|
T03-A03C9X|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
T03-A03D|Current|(1987-    )|Vertical recording head||This code is used with other T03-A03 codes as appropriate.|Perpendicular
T03-A03E|Current|(1987-    )|Thin film heads||Assumed to be for inductive type head structures unless applied in conjunction with T03-A03C codes. This code is intended for magnetic heads wholly of film-circuit type construction, i.e. including thin film coil windings (for details of which search with T03-A03J5). Magnetic heads in which only the core and related magnetic circuit components are of thin film construction are not included. Cores for such heads are covered by T03-A03J1C, and for thin film circuit type heads by T03-A03J1E. Metal-in-gap heads are covered by T03-A03F codes. Prior to 2007 magnetic film details of 'thin film' heads of both types are also coded in V02-B03, which has now been discontinued. For film circuits in general, see U14-H codes, which are not assigned for thin film magnetic heads.|
T03-A03E1|Current|(2006-    )|Lead layers||Covers layer arrangements for internal head connections. External head connections are covered in T03-A05C8.|
T03-A03F|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-in-gap head|||MIG
T03-A03F1|Current|(1992-    )|Gap-filling material||Details of gap materials and structure for magnetic heads in general are covered by T03-A03J3C.|
T03-A03J|Current|(1992-    )|General magnetic head details||Covers details of inductive type heads. For details of magnetoresistive heads see T03-A03C9 codes. Codes in this section are used alone or in conjunction with other T03-A03 codes as appropriate.|
T03-A03J1|Current|(1992-    )|Head cores||Carrier-contacting surfaces, including pole-pieces, are covered by T03-A03J3.|
T03-A03J1A|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic material composition||Prior to 2007 see also V02-A02 codes for further details of materials.|
T03-A03J1C|Current|(1997-    )|Thin film core (for non-film head)||This code relates to magnetic heads with film-type cores, other parts of the head, such as windings, being of conventional construction. Prior to 2007 see also V02-B codes, especially V02-B03. From 2007 these codes are discontinued. Heads which are entirely of film circuit construction are covered by T03-A03E, their cores being covered by T03-A03J1E. Metal-in-gap heads are covered by T03-A03F codes.|
T03-A03J1E|Current|(1997-    )|Thin film head cores||This code is intended for core details of magnetic heads which are entirely of film circuit type construction, also coded in T03-A03E. See T03-A03J1C for magnetic film cores for otherwise conventional heads. (Prior to 2007 V02-B03 is also assigned for all aspects of thin magnetic films used for heads).|
T03-A03J3|Current|(1992-    )|Carrier-interfacing surface|||
T03-A03J3A|Current|(1992-    )|Pole pieces||Includes flux guides. Details of cores are covered in T03-A03J1.|
T03-A03J3C|Current|(1992-    )|Gap details||Metal-in-gap head details are covered by T03-A03F codes.|
T03-A03J3E|Current|(1992-    )|Head face||Covers mechanical aspects of carrier-contacting surface surrounding active part of head, such as shape, friction-reduction, etc.|Hardness, roughness, smooth, projection, asperity
T03-A03J3J|Current|(2007-    )|Heating device||Covers arrangements for hearing carrier-interfacing surface of head to control fly height. Also coded in T03-A05C1. Arrangements for thermo-assisted magnetic recording (where portion of carrier is heated as part of the recording process) are not coded here, being covered in T03-A06M instead.|
T03-A03J5|Current|(1992-    )|Windings||HF coils in general are covered by V02-F01 codes. Prior to 2007 HF coils for magnetic heads were also coded in V02-F05, which has now been discontinued.|
T03-A03J7|Current|(1992-    )|Casing, shielding, substrates||From 199701 codes in this section include substrates, previously covered in T03-A03J9.|
T03-A03J7A|Current|(1997-    )|Casing and external shielding|||
T03-A03J7C|Current|(1997-    )|Internal shielding layers||Includes shielding layers within film-type heads (see T03-A03E). For shielding layers within magnetoresistive heads see T03-A03C9J.|
T03-A03J7E|Current|(1997-    )|Substrate|T03-A03J9||
T03-A03J8|Current|(2006-    )|Internal head connections||See T03-A03E1 for internal head connections for thin-film heads (e.g. magnetoresistive or inductive heads). External head connections are covered in T03-A05C8.|
T03-A03J9|Current|(1992-    )|General head details - other||Prior to 199701 this code included head substrates, now covered by T03-A03J7E and prior to 200501 also included biasing arrangements for magnetoresistive heads which are now covered in T03-A03C9N. Circuitry for biasing magnetic heads is covered in T03-A06G.|
T03-A04|Current||Head manufacture, testing, demagnetisation, cleaning|||
T03-A04A|Current|(1987-    )|Manufacture, testing||Prior to 2007 see also V02-H codes and V02-H05. From 2007 manufacture and testing of magnetic heads is covered in T03 only.|
T03-A04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Head manufacture|||
T03-A04A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Assembly|||
T03-A04A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Film deposition|||
T03-A04A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Coil winding|||
T03-A04A1D|Current|(1992-    )|Casing manufacture||Includes manufacture of shield and mounting arrangements.|
T03-A04A1E|Current|(1992-    )|Mechanical or chemical treatment||Includes e.g. burnishing, etching etc.|
T03-A04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Head testing||Includes test recording and non-electrical testing and inspection methods (also coded in e.g. S03).|
T03-A04B|Current|(1987-    )|Demagnetisation, cleaning||See V02-D for demagnetisation in general.|Abrasion
T03-A04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Demagnetising magnetic heads|||Degaussing, coil, solenoid, decay
T03-A04B3|Current|(1992-    )|Cleaning magnetic heads||Cleaning of record carriers and of recording equipment in general is covered by T03-H02B and T03-H02C respectively.|Aerosol, cartridge
T03-A04B3A|Current|(1992-    )|Cleaning compositions|||Solvent
T03-A04B3B|Current|(1992-    )|Dummy carrier for cleaning||Includes cleaning cassettes, floppy discs adapted for cleaning, etc.|Cleaning tape
T03-A04B3C|Current|(1992-    )|Brush|||
T03-A05|Current||Head mounting and positioning||For records prior to 2002 audio/video head mounting and positioning is also coded in W04-B03. From 2002 W04-B03 is no longer used, audio/visual applications being indicated by W04-B10, W04-B12, W04-B14 and W04-B16 codes.|Drive, motor, stepper, track, control, rotating, read, write, slide, carriage
T03-A05A|Current||Azimuth correction, track centering, alignment maintenance|||Error detection, angle, pitch
T03-A05A1|Current|(1987-    )|Dynamic adjustment i.e. dependent on recorded signals||Includes use of piezoelectric elements for head deflection.|Control, pilot
T03-A05A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Head adjusting element||See also V06-M06D for piezoelectric actuator. Includes shape memory alloy elements with self heating or auxilliary heater.|SMA, bimorph
T03-A05A1B|Current|(1997-    )|Head position adjustment based on maximum read signal level||Covers dynamic arrangements positioning head for optimum output, without necessarily using dedicated servo information for track following (covered by T03-A05A1C).|Peak, maximise
T03-A05A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Track-following system, servo||For combined track accessing and following servo system see T03-A05B1A which is used as the default 'servo' code for magnetic recording. For track following servos in general see T03-G02C1. For layout of servo tracks on magnetic carriers see T03-A06F codes. Details of physically separate servo tracks (magnetic and non-magnetic) created during formation of magnetic layer on carrier are covered in T03-A01G.|
T03-A05A1D|Current|(1992-    )|Speed control for moving head||Covers rotary-head speed control. See T03-E03A7 for helical scan tape speed control.|
T03-A05A1E|Current|(2008-    )|Head positioning for dual actuator systems||Includes control of a secondary actuator, e.g. on the main head arm of a disk drive, for fine positioning. For details of head adjusting elements per se see T03-A05A1A.|Piezoelectric
T03-A05A1G|Current|(2005-    )|Using non-magnetic servo information||Includes use of optical servo tracks.|
T03-A05A1X|Current|(1992-    )|Dynamic adjustment i.e. dependent on recorded signals - other|||
T03-A05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Adjustment not dependent on recorded signal alignment, setting up||Includes temp. compensation and manual adjustment of e.g. azimuth. See T03-K07 codes for testing also.|Screw, spring, pitch
T03-A05B|Current|(1992-    )|Track selection|T03-A05X|Covers arrangements to position head over desired track.|
T03-A05B1|Current|(1992-    )|By recorded signal|T03-A05X|Includes track accessing servo. See T03-G02B1 for track accessing servos in general.|Index, count, track crossing
T03-A05B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Switching to track following servo action||This code is used as the default 'servo' code for magnetic recording. Inventions specific to track following servos only for magnetic recording are covered by T03-A05A1C.|
T03-A05C|Current|(1992-    )|Head support structure|T03-A05X|Includes details of head to medium interface such as air bearing, contouring, gimbal, suspension and load arm. Use with T03-A05F codes for discs.|
T03-A05C1|Current|(1992-    )|For head-to-carrier spacing adjustment|T03-A05X||Raise, lift, lower
T03-A05C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Slider|T03-A05X||
T03-A05C3|Current|(1992-    )|Head support arm|T03-A05X|Covers details of arm per se such as shape, mounting etc.|Swage
T03-A05C3A|Current|(2007-    )|Dual actuator systems||Covers arrangements for mounting a secondary actuator on main head arm for fine positioning. For details of head adjusting elements per se and positioning methods see T03-A05A1A codes.|
T03-A05C5|Current|(1992-    )|Motor drive|T03-A05X|Includes motors per se - see V06-M codes also. See T03-A05D7 for helical-scan head motor drive.|Bearings
T03-A05C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary drive|||
T03-A05C5C|Current|(1992-    )|Linear drive|||
T03-A05C8|Current|(2005-    )|Connections to read/write head||Includes wiring formed on head support arm. Prior to 2005 this was covered by T03-A05C3 and T03-A06C.|
T03-A05D|Current|(1992-    )|Specific head positioning details for helical-scan tape|T03-A05X||
T03-A05D1|Current|(1992-    )|Layout of heads i.e. disposition|T03-A05X||
T03-A05D3|Current|(1992-    )|Signal coupling arrangements|T03-A05X|Codes in this section are concerned with signal transfer between the rotating heads and stationary part of equipment.|
T03-A05D3A|Current|(1992-    )|Inductive e.g. transformer|T03-A05X|See V02-F02 codes also.|
T03-A05D3C|Current|(1992-    )|Optical|T03-A05X||
T03-A05D3E|Current|(1992-    )|Radio frequency|T03-A05X||
T03-A05D3G|Current|(1992-    )|Brushes|T03-A05X|See V04-L01 codes also.|
T03-A05D3X|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary signal coupling - other|T03-A05X||
T03-A05D5|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary head drum|T03-A05X|Covers details of head drum per se, such as shape, materials, etc.|
T03-A05D7|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary head motor drive|T03-A05X|Includes motor per se. Motor-driven positioning for non-rotary heads in general is covered by T03-A05C5 codes.|
T03-A05E|Current|(1992-    )|Head positioning for longitudinally-scanned tape|||
T03-A05F|Current|(1992-    )|Head positioning for disc||Codes in this section are used either alone or with other T03-A05 codes, if the use of T03-A05F codes conveys additional information. See also T03-A08 codes, now assigned for all aspects of magnetic recording equipment. Prior to 1997, T03-A05F codes may be used to discriminate equipment type when head positioning is involved.|
T03-A05F1|Current|(1992-    )|Non-contacting during operation|||Hard disc, stack, CSS
T03-A05F5|Current|(1992-    )|Contacting during operation|||Floppy, flexible, diskette
T03-A05G|Current|(2005-    )|Parking, latching arrangements||Includes load-unload ramps in hard disk drives, for which T03-A08A1C is also assigned. Prior to 2005 this topic was covered by T03-A05X.|LUL
T03-A05X|Current||Head mounting and positioning - other|||
T03-A06|Current||Recording, reproducing or erasing methods/circuits||See T03-P codes for signal processing for recording in general, and W04-F and W04-G01 codes for video and audio recording signal processing in general.|
T03-A06A|Current||Direct, fm, pm or boundary displacement analogue recording|||Frequency, phase, modulate, pulse
T03-A06B|Current||Analogue recording - other|||
T03-A06C|Current||Digital recording|||Code, decode, pulse, bit, mark, space
T03-A06C1|Current|(1992-    )|Recording/write circuitry|||
T03-A06C3|Current|(1992-    )|Read circuitry|||Sense, threshold, peak
T03-A06D|Current|(1992-    )|Equalisation|T03-A06X||
T03-A06E|Current|(1992-    )|Erasing|T03-A06X||Coil, magnet
T03-A06E1|Current|(1992-    )|In equipment|T03-A06X||Oscillator, head
T03-A06E3|Current|(1992-    )|Bulk|T03-A06X|See V02-D for demagnetising in general. Prior to 1992 T03-H02 was used for bulk erasure.|
T03-A06F|Current|(1992-    )|Format||Covers signals recorded as magnetic information on carrier only. See T03-A01G codes for physical aspects of record carrier formatting, e.g. hard sectoring. See W04-B01A codes for formatting aspects relevant to audio/video recording.|
T03-A06F1|Current|(1992-    )|Track layout|T03-A06X||
T03-A06G|Current|(1992-    )|Biasing|T03-A06X|Arrangements for biasing magneto-resistive heads are covered in T03-A03C9N (prior to 2005 this was covered in T03-A03J9).|
T03-A06H|Current|(1992-    )|Skew correction, timebase correction|T03-A06X|See W04-F02B and W04-G01 codes for video and audio recording aspects.|
T03-A06K|Current|(1992-    )|Superconductive magnetic recording||See T03-A01E for superconductive magnetic record carriers per se.|
T03-A06M|Retired|(2005-2012)|Thermo-assisted magnetic recording*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2013 it was used to indicate localised heating, usually by a laser, of an area on a magnetic record carrier to be written on. From 2013 this technology is transferred to T03-A06N1 within the category of energy-assisted magnetic recording.|
T03-A06M1|Retired|(2007-2012)|Thermo-assisted magnetic recording methods*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2013 it was used to indicate recording methods using heat assistance. From 2013 this technology is transferred to T03-A06N1A within the category of energy-assisted magnetic recording.|
T03-A06M3|Retired|(2007-2012)|Heat source*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2013 it was used to indicate novel aspects of the heat source for heat-assisted recording. (Also covered in V08 for novel details of lasers and U12 for semiconductor lasers). From 2013 this technology is transferred to T03-A06N1C within the category of energy-assisted magnetic recording.|
T03-A06M5|Retired|(2007-2012)|Optical system*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2013 it was used to indicate novel aspects of the optical system for heat-assisted magnetic recording. From 2013 this technology is transferred to T03-A06N1E within the category of energy-assisted magnetic recording.|
T03-A06N|Current|(2013-    )|Energy-assisted magnetic recording||This code and its subdivisions cover the use of a separate energy source to enable writing to a magnetic record carrier using a lower magnetic field strength, i.e. to lower the coercivity of a storage bit while it is being written. The technology is assumed to apply to vertical/perpendicular recording and the general code for that topic, T03-A06V, is not normally assigned for energy-assisted magnetic recording. For application to hard disk drives search with T03-A08A1C. Note that magneto-optical recording is not included and is covered by T03-D01 codes.|
T03-A06N1|Current|(2013-    )|Thermo-assisted magnetic recording||Covers thermo-assisted ('heat-assisted') magnetic recording. Between 2005-2012 this topic was covered by T03-A06M codes.|
T03-A06N1A|Current|(2013-    )|Thermo-assisted magnetic recording methods||Covers thermo-assisted ('heat-assisted') magnetic recording methods. Between 2007-2012 this topic was covered by T03-A06M1.|
T03-A06N1C|Current|(2013-    )|Heat source for thermo-assisted magnetic recording||This code covers novel aspects of the heat source for heat-assisted recording, e.g. a laser. (Also covered in V08 for novel details of lasers and U12 for semiconductor lasers). Prior to 2013 this technology was covered by T03-A06M3.|
T03-A06N1E|Current|(2013-    )|Optical system for thermo-assisted magnetic recording||This code covers novel aspects of the optical system for heat-assisted recording. Prior to 2013 this topic was covered by T03-A06M5.|Lens, near-field optics, solid immersion
T03-A06N3|Current|(2013-    )|Microwave-assisted magnetic recording||Search with T03-A03 codes for magnetic head details, e.g. T03-A03C3A for heads based on giant magnetoresistance effect or T03-A03C3C for tunnel junction magnetoresistive heads. From 2014 oscillators based on spin transport electronics effects are also assigned U23-A05.|GMR, MAMR, oscillating field, spin torque oscillator, STO, TMR
T03-A06N3A|Current|(2013-    )|Microwave-assisted magnetic recording methods|||
T03-A06N9|Current|(2013-    )|Other energy-assisted magnetic recording||Covers the use of a separate energy source, other than heat or microwave energy, to lower storage bit coercivity during writing.|
T03-A06V|Current|(2007-    )|Vertical recording||This code is used for highlighting the relevance of vertical recording methods where neither a novel vertical recording medium or novel vertical recording head is involved. Novel vertical recording media and heads are not routinely coded here, being covered by T03-A01D and T03-A03D respectively. Note that energy-assisted magnetic recording (as covered from 2013 by T03-A06N codes) is assumed to involve use of vertical/perpendicular magnetic recording and so T03-A06V is not routinely assigned for that topic.|
T03-A06X|Current||Other recording circuitry and methods|||
T03-A07|Old|(1987-2005)|Re-recording, write/erase protection|T03-A09|Prior to 2006 this section included write/erase protection. From 2006 hardware aspects of write/erase protection for all types of recording are transferred to T03-H07 while signal format and signal processing methods are covered solely in T03-P07. T03-A codes are now used in addition to T03-H07 or T03-P07 codes to indicate applicability to magnetic recording.|Copy, master, duplicate
T03-A07|Current|(2006-    )|Re-recording|T03-A09|Prior to 200601 this section included write/erase protection. From 2006 hardware aspects of write/erase protection for all types of recording are transferred to T03-H07 while signal format and signal processing methods are covered solely in T03-P07. T03-A codes are now used in addition to T03-H07 or T03-P07 codes to indicate applicability to magnetic recording.|Copy, master, duplicate
T03-A07A|Retired|(1992-2005)|Preventing overwriting, erasure or copying*||*This code is now discontinued. See T01-H01C and T01-J12C for computing aspects.|
T03-A07A1|Retired|(1992-2005)|Preventing accidental loss of data*||*This code is now discontinued.|
T03-A07A1A|Retired|(1992-2005)|By hardware detail e.g. erase tab etc.*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2006 the code was used with T03-N03 for tape cassette systems and with T03-N01 for disks.|
T03-A07A1B|Retired|(1992-2005)|By signal format, by recorded data*||*This code is now discontinued. See T03-P07 for general non-magnetic recording signal processing aspects of data erasure or copying prevention.|Pilot, inhibit
T03-A07A3|Retired|(1992-2005)|Preventing unauthorised deliberate access or copying*||*This code is now discontinued.|
T03-A07A3A|Retired|(1992-2005)|By hardware detail, e.g. disc drive lock*||*This code is now discontinued.|
T03-A07A3B|Retired|(1992-2005)|By signal format*||*This code is now discontinued.|
T03-A07B|Current|(1992-    )|Copying; re-recording||Covers authorised copying of magnetic recordings.|
T03-A07B1|Current|(1992-    )|Duplication of pre-recorded information at post mfg. stage, e.g. time code carrier||Includes servo track writing post manufacture, e.g. in hard disc drive. Duplication of whole carrier information is covered by T03-A07B3 codes.|Pre-formatting, servo, index, SMPTE
T03-A07B3|Current|(1992-    )|Duplication from one carrier to another|||
T03-A07B3A|Current|(1992-    )|Making many copies from one master|||
T03-A07B9|Current|(1992-    )|Copying; re-recording - other|||
T03-A08|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic drive||Codes in this section are used with either T03-E or T03-F codes as appropriate to indicate carrier positioning aspects. Portable standalone drives are also coded in T04-P. Prior to 1997, these codes were used to indicate these aspects only, but are now widened in scope to be applied for any novel aspect of magnetic drives which would be included in T03. To further discriminate the type of equipment concerned, codes from the T03-N section should be used where T03-A08 codes are not sufficiently specific.|
T03-A08A|Current|(1992-    )|Disc drive||See T03-F codes also.|
T03-A08A1|Current|(1992-    )|Single disk drive module||From 2012 T03-A08A1G is introduced for portable hard disk drives that are used for external storage. Hard disk drives of normal form factor for use within computers, servers, etc., are covered by T03-A08A1C and card-type or similar small form factor drives are covered by T03-A08A1E. In 2002 the title of T03-A08A1 was amended to better reflect its intended coverage of single units which may drive one or more magnetic disks. Storage systems based on multiple magnetic disk drive modules used together are covered by T03-A08A5 codes.|
T03-A08A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Floppy disc drive|||
T03-A08A1C|Old|(1992-2011)|Hard disc drive|||
T03-A08A1C|Current|(2012-    )|Hard disk drive||This code is used as the default reference for a 'hard disk drive'. Card type, or similar small form factor magnetic disk drives used within equipment are covered by T03-A08A1E and external hard disk drives by T03-A08A1G (from 2012), both of which are assigned instead of T03-A08A1C.|
T03-A08A1E|Current|(1997-    )|Card type, small form factor magnetic disc drive||Covers compact and/or thin drive assumed to be of hard disc type unless other codes indicate otherwise.|PCMIA
T03-A08A1G|Current|(2012-    )|Portable hard disk drive||This code covers hard disk drives that are self-contained and used as external drives, e.g. for connection to a PC via a USB or similar interface. T04-P is also assigned for external computer storage disk drives. Standard hard disk drives and compact drives of e.g. card-type that are mounted inside equipment are covered by T03-A08A1C and T03-A08A1E respectively.|Back-up, desk-top, external storage
T03-A08A5|Current|(1992-    )|Multiple-disc drive||From 2002 the title of this code has been amended to better reflect its intended coverage of multiple disc drive units (assumed to be for hard disks unless T03-A08A1A also assigned).|Stack
T03-A08A5A|Current|(1997-    )|Raid system|||Redundant array inexpensive discs
T03-A08C|Current|(1992-    )|Card drive||See T03-F and T04-A03A/T04-J codes also.|
T03-A08E|Current|(1992-    )|Tape drive||See also T03-E codes. This code is intended solely for drives intended for computer storage applications, e.g. tape streamers. It is not applied for details of audio or video tape recorders.|
T03-A08M|Current|(2007-    )|Multiple head actuator type drive||Drives with multiple heads mounted in a fixed relationship with respect to each other are not routinely coded here.|
T03-A09|Current||Magnetic recording/reproduction - other|||
T03-A10|Current|(1992-    )|Interfacing with magnetic recorder|||
T03-A10A|Current|(1997-    )|Interfacing hardware||Includes plugs, sockets, cables etc.|
T03-A10C|Current|(1997-    )|Interface circuitry|||
T03-A10E|Current|(1997-    )|Control aspects||See T01-C01 and T01-H01 codes also. Use with T03-A08A5A for RAID aspects.|
T03-A10E1|Current|(1997-    )|Data transfer aspects|||
T03-A10E3|Current|(1997-    )|Control of storage||Includes file allocation, etc.|FAT
T03-B|Current||Optical recording/reproduction||For records prior to 2002 audio/video applications are assigned W04-C codes also. From 2002 carriers and head/record carrier driving aspects of audio/video optical recording are no longer coded in W04. For audio/video applications of optical recording drives see W04-C10 codes. Hard formatting aspects specific to audio/video recording are also covered in W04-C01F while signal formatting aspects are covered in W04-C05. Optical reading/writing circuitry is coded in W04-C06.|Disc, storage, compact, laser, beam, light
T03-B01|Current||Record carriers and their manufacture||For records prior to 2002 all aspects of record carriers per se are assigned W04-C01 codes also, irrespective of stated application. From 2002 W04-C01 codes are no longer used. Codes for carrier type (T03-B01D section) are assigned when possible, to indicate this aspect only. (Prior to 9201 use T03-N codes). From 2002 T03-B01D codes can be used to indicate audio/video carrier applications. From 1997, T03-B01H is used for layer arrangements without particular reference to any one (previously assigned the general T03-B01 code).|
T03-B01A|Current|(1987-    )|Substrates|||Mould, transparent
T03-B01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Compositions||Includes glues, resins used for bonding multiple substrates.|PMMA, polycarbonate, resin
T03-B01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Structure; shape|||
T03-B01A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Double substrate|||Double-sided, dual-substrate
T03-B01B|Current|(1987-    )|Light sensitive layers|||Photo-sensitive, photochromic, contrast, reflection, pit
T03-B01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Light sensitive materials|||Spiropyran
T03-B01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Light absorbing materials||Includes IR-absorbing compounds.|
T03-B01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by recording process||Codes in this section are only assigned when some aspect of the light sensitive layer is novel, not to routinely indicate carrier type, which is catered for by T03-B01D codes.|
T03-B01B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Ablation||Covers methods involving depletion of material, such as hole burning.|Ablative, evaporation, metal film, surface tension
T03-B01B5C|Current|(1992-    )|Deformation||Includes formation of bubbles.|Polymer, metal, bi-layer, gas, scatter
T03-B01B5E|Current|(1992-    )|Interaction||Includes alloying or segregation of material.|Exothermic, chemical reaction, alloy, separate, crystallisation, bi-layer
T03-B01B5G|Current|(1992-    )|Phase transition||Includes change between crystalline and amorphous states.|Phase-change, liquid crystal
T03-B01B5J|Current|(1992-    )|Combination of methods||Includes use of more than one recording mechanism for multilevel recording of data. From 1997, multiple light sensitive layer arrangements and (single) layers sensitive to more than one wavelength, previously coded here, are respectively transferred to T03-B01B5N and T03-B01B5P.|High density, tri-level
T03-B01B5L|Current|(1992-    )|Reversible process||See T03-B01D8 for rewritable optical carrier in general.|Erasable, rewritable, photochromic
T03-B01B5N|Current|(1997-    )|Multiple light-sensitive layer|T03-B01B5J||
T03-B01B5P|Current|(1997-    )|Layer sensitive to different light wavelengths|T03-B01B5J||
T03-B01B5X|Current|(1992-    )|Recording processes - other|||
T03-B01C|Current|(1987-    )|Protective layers, (anti-) reflective layers|||Coating, film
T03-B01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Internal reflective or antireflective layers||This code takes precedence over T03-B01C3 and is used for indeterminate cases.|
T03-B01C3|Current|(1992-    )|External reflective or antireflective layers|||
T03-B01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Protective (ext.) Layer|||Anti-abrasion, scratch-resistant, antistatic
T03-B01C7|Current|(1992-    )|Protection subsequently applied to carrier||Includes plastic air-occlusion film applied to surface of compact disc.|
T03-B01C8|Current|(2007-    )|Labelling layers||Includes optical and thermo sensitive layers for recording human readable information as well as layers suitable for printing e.g. by ink jet (see T04-G02). Layers for recording data are covered in T03-B01B and are not coded here. See T04 for details of printing not carried out by the optical drive.|
T03-B01C9|Current|(1992-    )|Protective layers, (anti-) reflective layers - other|||
T03-B01D|Current|(1992-    )|Record carrier type||Codes in this section are used in conjunction with either those for features of carriers per se, or those for manufacture, to indicate the type of the carrier only.|
T03-B01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Disc|||
T03-B01D1A|Current|(2002-    )|For audio/video storage|W04-C01||
T03-B01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Card||Includes cards with circular tracks and centre-hole to allow recording/playback in optical disc recorder.|
T03-B01D3A|Current|(2002-    )|For audio/video storage|W04-C01||
T03-B01D4|Current|(2006-    )|Super resolution carrier||Includes layer arrangements on carrier, e.g. mask layers, to increase resolution beyond wavelength of read/write laser. Super resolution arrangements involving optical components of head are covered in T03-B02B6 and are not coded here.|Super RENS, Super Resolution Near Field Structure
T03-B01D5|Current|(1992-    )|Tape|||
T03-B01D5A|Current|(2002-    )|For audio/video storage|W04-C01||
T03-B01D6|Current|(1997-    )|Multilayer carriers||Includes double-substrate arrangements (also assigned T03-B01A5A) and carriers with multiple light sensitive layers on one substrate (see also T03-B01B5N).|
T03-B01D7|Current|(1992-    )|Non-erasable carrier||This code is only used when this aspect of the carrier is stated, and not merely instead of T03-B01D8. Search in conjunction with T03-B01D8 for hybrid carrier arrangements with erasable and non-erasable areas.|Direct read after write, DRAW, write once read many times, WORM, compact disc, CD
T03-B01D7A|Current|(1997-    )|Read only||Includes CD-ROM.|
T03-B01D7C|Current|(1997-    )|Worm||Covers carrier enabling writing, but not erasing.|Archive
T03-B01D8|Current|(1992-    )|Erasable and rewritable carrier||For details of recording layers see T03-B01B5L. Search in conjunction with T03-B01D7 for hybrid carrier arrangements with erasable and non-erasable areas.|
T03-B01E|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture||Use with T03-B01D codes to indicate manufacture of a particular type of carrier.|
T03-B01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment|||
T03-B01E1A|Current|(1992-    )|Stamper||From 1997, this code will be used to cover stampers per se only -see note for T03-B01E3E.|Press, punch, form, substrate, roll, sheet
T03-B01E1B|Current|(1992-    )|Coating equipment||Covers equipment for applying any type of layer to substrate.|Evaporate, coat, deposit, spray, sputter, vacuum, vapour
T03-B01E1M|Current|(2006-    )|Mastering equipment||Includes equipment for writing to glass master and performing other mastering processes. See V05 codes for novel aspects of electron beam writing equipment.|Electron beam writer
T03-B01E3|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by process||Codes in this section are used with other T03-B01E codes as appropriate to provide additional information on the processes involved in an invention.|
T03-B01E3A|Current|(1997-    )|Fabrication and recording of master||Includes production of master from raw material and also process of recording data on it which carriers will finally store.|Glass, cut, tape master, hard disc, subcode
T03-B01E3C|Current|(1997-    )|Production of intermediate copies||Includes production of 'metal master' and 'metal mother'.|Plating, sputtering, coating
T03-B01E3E|Current|(1997-    )|Production of stamper per se||Stampers per se, and materials for them, are coded in T03-B01E1A. From 1997, their manufacture will be described by use of T03-B01E3E together with T03-B01E1 or T03-B01E5 as appropriate. (Prior to 1997, T03-B01E1A itself was used with either 'apparatus' or 'method' codes).|
T03-B01E3G|Current|(1997-    )|Pressing||Includes bonding of multiple substrates and setting resins as well as sheet stamping methods. See T03-B01E3X for punching hole in substrate after pressing.|Injection moulding
T03-B01E3J|Current|(1997-    )|Applying coatings after pressing||Includes labelling where label is part of carrier (also coded in T03-H02A1A and X25-F08 when there are significant electrical details). Chiefly covers application of reflective and protective films after pressing process. T03-B01E1B will continue to be assigned (in addition to T03-B01E3J) where novel coating equipment is involved.|
T03-B01E3L|Current|(2011-    )|Polishing and cleaning||This code covers polishing and cleaning of an optical recording medium or a stamper or similar (e.g. with T03-B01E3E) as part of a manufacturing process. Polishing, cleaning or reconditioning of already-manufactured optical carriers by a user is not included and is covered by T03-H02B with T03-B01D codes assigned also as appropriate to denote the form of the carrier, e.g. T03-B01D1 for disk cleaning or scratch repair.|
T03-B01E3P|Current|(1997-    )|Packing and shipment||Includes placing CDs in 'jewel boxes' ('jewel boxes' per se and their manufacture are covered by T03-L01A1), labelling, etc. Electrical details of packing and labelling of carrier containers are also assigned X25-F codes.|
T03-B01E3S|Current|(2002-    )|Multistep manufacturing process||This code is used for inventions covering a number of manufacturing steps without apparent emphasis on any one.|
T03-B01E3X|Current|(1997-    )|Optical carrier manufacturing processes - other|||
T03-B01E5|Current|(1992-    )|Methods|||
T03-B01E7|Current|(1992-    )|Testing, monitoring|||
T03-B01E7A|Current|(1992-    )|Of manufacturing process|||Instrumentation, check, measure
T03-B01E7B|Current|(1992-    )|Of carrier during manufacture|||
T03-B01E7C|Current|(1992-    )|Of complete carrier||Includes test recording and inspection by e.g. optical testing methods.|
T03-B01F|Current|(1992-    )|Recording format||Covers physical aspects only such as groove/land structure and other aspects fixed at time of disc manufacture, as well as geometry of recordable and non-recordable pits. See T03-B05 for signal aspects of recording formats, including special arrangement of data on carrier and between carrier layers.|Sector, servo, index
T03-B01F1|Current|(1992-    )|To increase storage density|||Capacity, data
T03-B01F1A|Current|(2007-    )|Multivalue data formats||Includes recording marks containing several pieces of information, e.g. length, width, depth, to store data values with base greater than two.|
T03-B01F5|Current|(1997-    )|Details of grooves, pits, etc.|||
T03-B01F5A|Current|(1997-    )|Relating to tracking||Track following and accessing is covered in T03-B02A3 codes, also assigned where appropriate.|
T03-B01H|Current|(1997-    )|Layer arrangements||Covers details of sequence layers making up record carrier without specific reference to any one layer.|
T03-B01R|Current|(2006-    )|Recycling and destroying optical carrier||This code is used for recycling and destroying of optical record carriers only. Recycling and destroying of magnetic carriers is covered by T03-A01R and of magneto-optical carriers by T03-D01R. Where an invention is applicable to recycling or destruction of several types of carrier or the type is not disclosed the general code T03-H02R is assigned instead. For recycling of recording or playing equipment see V04-X01C.|
T03-B02|Current||Heads and head/light source positioning|||
T03-B02A|Current|(1987-    )|Positioning, focusing||Codes in this section cover both lens positioning for focusing, and positioning of the head as a whole for track selection and alignment.|
T03-B02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Lens positioning for focusing||Positioning of the head moving across the carrier is covered by T03-B02A3 codes.|
T03-B02A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Drive element per se||Includes voice coil motor. (See V06-M04 also).|VCM
T03-B02A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Focus detection and control||Includes focus servo arrangements.|Feedback, error, lens, position
T03-B02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Head positioning||Covers positioning of head as a whole, for track selection or following, not focusing, which is covered by T03-B02A1 codes.|
T03-B02A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Drive element per se||Includes linear motor. (See V06-M06B also).|Coil, pulse, step
T03-B02A3B|Current|(1992-    )|Movable mounting structures||Includes rail assembly allowing head movement.|Guide, slide
T03-B02A3C|Current|(1992-    )|Track selection and access||Includes track-accessing servo arrangements. (For track access servo in general, see T03-G02B1 codes).|Index, seek, kick pulse, step, initialise
T03-B02A3D|Current|(1992-    )|Track following||Includes track-following servo arrangements. (For track-following servos in general see T03-G02C1).|Alignment, feedback, off-track, shift, compensate, tilt
T03-B02A3E|Current|(1992-    )|Interchangeable servo system||Includes track accessing servo switching to track following mode. This code takes precedence over T03-B02A3C and T03-B02A3D.|
T03-B02A4|Current|(2005-    )|Tilt correction||Covers arrangements involving movement of lens or using other optical systems e.g. liquid crystal element. Search in conjunction with T03-B06 codes for compensation by signal processing.|
T03-B02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Compensation system||Includes arrangements compensating for temperature change or vibration, in either focus or track access/following system.|Shift, disturbance, distortion, jitter
T03-B02A7|Current|(1992-    )|Light source control||Includes control of bias circuit for semiconductor laser (see also U12-A01B4 and corresponding codes in V08).|Monitor, current, feedback, LED, photodiode, APD sensor
T03-B02A8|Old|(1997-2006)|Head positioning for double-sided disc||Includes dual-head systems and arrangements for single head to move to other side of disc.|
T03-B02A8|Current|(2007-    )|Using multiple heads, head positioning for double-sided disc||From 2007 this code has been expanded to include multiple head systems not exclusively used for double-sided discs. Previously this code covered only head positioning for double-sided disc.|
T03-B02A8A|Current|(2007-    )|Head positioning for double-sided disc||All general aspects of multiple head drives are also covered in T03-B10M. Includes dual-head systems and arrangements for single head to move to other side of disc. Search using T03-B02A8 for all records prior to 2007.|
T03-B02A8C|Current|(2007-    )|Reading multiple formats|||
T03-B02A8E|Current|(2007-    )|Increasing access speed|||
T03-B02A8G|Current|(2007-    )|Simultaneous reading of multiple tracks|||
T03-B02B|Current|(1992-    )|Head||The codes in this group cover constructional aspects of optical heads per se. Head positioning is covered by T03-B02A codes.|
T03-B02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Light source||This code covers novel light sources themselves, such as laser diodes, specific details of which are covered by U12-A01B codes and also codes in V08. It does not refer to assemblies including the light source and associated optical elements external to it which are covered by T03-B02B if no specific detail is given or by other T03-B02B subdivisions as appropriate. Light sources are normally assigned T03-B02B1 only but in cases of specific application to reading or writing, subdivision codes are assigned instead. Frequency doubling or other multiplying optical arrangements are covered by T03-B02B7E (coded as T03-B02B1 and T03-B02B7 prior to 1997). Light source control aspects are coded in T03-B02A7.|LED, laser, solid, gas
T03-B02B1A|Current|(1992-    )|For recording|||Writing, erasing, overwrite
T03-B02B1B|Current|(1992-    )|For reading|||
T03-B02B3|Current|(1992-    )|Photodetector for focus and read|||Photodiode, diode, APD, quadrant, sensor
T03-B02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Lenses|||
T03-B02B6|Current|(1997-    )|"Super-resolution" optical aspects|||Aperture, Rayleigh, wavelength, refraction
T03-B02B7|Current|(1992-    )|Optical systems, optical elements||Includes other optical elements e.g. lightguides for transferring reading or writing light, (see V07-F01 codes for novel aspects). Lenses are covered by T03-B02B5. 'Super-resolution' optical aspects are indicated by assignment of T03-B02B6 with T03-B02B5 or T03-B02B7 codes as appropriate.|
T03-B02B7A|Current|(1997-    )|Beam splitter|||Prism
T03-B02B7C|Current|(1997-    )|Polarising arrangements|||
T03-B02B7E|Current|(1997-    )|Harmonic generators|T03-B02B1, T03-B02B7|Covers arrangements effectively reducing wavelength of recording or reading light.|
T03-B02B7G|Current|(2005-    )|Diffraction gratings|||
T03-B02B7M|Current|(2006-    )|Multiple optical path||Includes systems for reading different types of optical disc.|
T03-B02B8|Old|(1992-2011)|Head Cleaning||Includes arrangements for cleaning sources, detectors, and optical systems. Cleaning of recording equipment in general is covered by T03-H02C. (Prior to 1992 use T03-B02 and T03-H02 for optical head cleaning).|Wipe, pad, brush, solvent, lens
T03-B02B8|Current|(2012-    )|Optical recording head cleaning, head manufacture, head testing||From 2012 the scope of this code has been expanded to include manufacture and testing of optical heads, respectively covered by subdivisions T03-B02B8C and T03-B02B8E, in addition to optical head cleaning, for which T03-B02B8A is now the main code. Note that T03-B02B8 codes refer to the optical head itself, as defined by T03-B02B codes, and not head positioning aspects as covered by T03-B02A codes. Prior to 2012 T03-B02B8 covered only arrangements for cleaning sources, detectors, and optical system with cleaning of e.g. an optical disk player lens by a dummy carrier being covered by T03-B02B8A. From 2012 T03-B02B8A is used as a general reference for head cleaning. Cleaning of recording equipment in general is covered by T03-H02C.|Wipe, pad, brush, solvent, lens
T03-B02B8A|Current|(1992-    )|Optical recording head cleaning, including use of dummy carriers||From 2012 the scope of this code has been expanded to cover general arrangements for cleaning optical recording and playback heads, such as lens cleaners, in addition to its previous coverage of dummy carriers for cleaning. Prior to 2012, T03-B02B8A was used for cleaning using dummy carriers such as cleaning disks and T03-B02B8 served as a general 'optical head cleaning' code. (Prior to 1992 T03-B02 and T03-H02 were assigned for optical head cleaning).|
T03-B02B8C|Current|(2012-    )|Optical recording head manufacture||Between 2006 and 2011 search T03-B02B codes with T03-M08 (general manufacturing code) for optical recording head manufacture. From 2012 T03-M08 is no longer assigned for this topic.|
T03-B02B8E|Current|(2012-    )|Optical recording head testing||Between 1992 and 2011 search T03-B02B codes with T03-K07 codes (general testing code) for optical recording head testing. From 2012 T03-K07 codes are no longer assigned for this topic. When optical testing is involved codes in e.g. S02-J04 or S03-E04 subgroups are also assigned as appropriate.|
T03-B02C|Current|(1992-    )|Static reading and writing system||Covers arrangements for reading or writing where relative movement of light source/sensor with respect to recording medium does not involve physical movement of either record carrier or a head apparatus. Instead relative movement takes place, for instance, by optical beam scanning with electro-optical or electromechanical scanning, or use of an switched optical array. Does not cover optical static stores, which are covered by U14-A02 codes.|
T03-B03|Retired|(1992-2004)|Record carrier positioning*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2005 novel aspects of optical record carrier positioning are assigned the appropriate T03-B10 code in conjunction with T03-F or T03-E codes.|
T03-B03A|Retired|(1992-2004)|For discs*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2005 T03-N01 was also assigned and T03-F codes were applied for specific details.|
T03-B03C|Retired|(1992-2004)|For cards*||*This code is now discontinued Prior to 2005 T03-N05 was also assigned and also T03-F codes for specific details. Codes in T04, e.g. T04-A03B and T04-J are assigned for this topic.|
T03-B03E|Retired|(1992-2004)|For tape*||*This code is now discontinued Prior to 2005 T03-N02 and/or T03-N03 or T03-N04 were also assigned along with T03-E codes, which are still assigned for specific tape drive details.|
T03-B05|Current|(1992-    )|Signal recording format and methods|||Constant, angular, linear, velocity, CAV, CLV
T03-B05A|Current|(2005-    )|Recording methods||Includes arrangements for recording label information using data recording equipment on visible light sensitive layer. For this topic see also T03-H02A.|
T03-B05A1|Current|(2005-    )|Optimisation methods||Includes use of test recording area. Use with appropriate code, e.g. T03-B02A7 for controlling light source power.|
T03-B05F|Current|(2005-    )|Format||Covers arrangement of data only, physical aspects such as hard sectoring of data, are covered by T03-B01F. Index signal recording and related aspects are also in T03-J01 codes.|
T03-B05F1|Current|(2007-    )|Data arrangement within recording layers||Covers two dimensional data layout.|
T03-B05F5|Current|(2007-    )|Data arrangement between recording layers||Covers arrangement of different data types between different layers, e.g. layer used for interactive data such as Java (TM) info in Blu-ray (TM) discs.|
T03-B05F9|Current|(2007-    )|Other data arrangements|||
T03-B05K|Current|(2005-    )|Determining format or type of carrier inserted||E.g. distinguishing between CD and DVD or between CD-R and CD-RW in drive capable of handling multiple formats.|
T03-B06|Current|(1992-    )|Reading/writing circuitry||This code is used with T03-P codes when signal processing aspects are involved.|Laser, diode
T03-B06A|Current|(1992-    )|Writing|||
T03-B06C|Current|(1992-    )|Reading|||
T03-B07|Current|(2007-    )|Re-recording, duplication||Includes equipment and methods for duplicating optical carriers by recording on writable media. Production of optical carriers by pressing is covered in T03-B01E and is not coded here.|
T03-B08|Current|(1992-    )|Interfacing with optical recording equipment|||
T03-B09|Current||Optical recording/reproduction - other||Includes editing/recording techniques esp. for optical recording, track flaw detection, noise elimination etc., when not relevant to other T03-B codes.|
T03-B10|Current|(2005-    )|Optical drive||Portable standalone drives are also coded in T04-P. From 2005 optical drives are coded in this section in accordance with carrier type and are no longer assigned a corresponding T03-N code. Prior to 2002 optical drives are coded in T03-N as appropriate and W04-C10. From 2002 W04-C10 codes are applied only for audio/video recording applications and therefore between 2002 and 2005 optical drives with no audio/video aspect were assigned a T03-N code in conjunction with the appropriate T03-B codes to denote novel aspects.|
T03-B10A|Current|(2005-    )|Disc drive|||CD, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD+R, DVD+RW, HD-DVD, BD-ROM, BD-R, BD-RW, Blu Ray, UMD
T03-B10A1|Current|(2005-    )|Multilayer disc||From 2002 to 2005 drives for optical disc with multiple recording layers, e.g. DVD-9, DVD-10 and DVD-18 formats, are assigned W04-C10A2 where the invention has significant audio/video recording aspects. From 2005 W04-C10A2 is no longer used and all multi-layer aspects of drives are coded here. Optical disc drives for audio/video recording which are also used for recording other data formats are coded in W04-C10A3A.|
T03-B10C|Current|(2005-    )|Card drive|||
T03-B10E|Current|(2005-    )|Tape drive|||
T03-B10M|Current|(2007-    )|Multiple head type drive|||
T03-B12|Current|(2005-    )|Holographic recording||This code is applied in conjunction with other T03-B codes to denote the relevant aspect. Prior to 2005 holographic recording was assigned T03-C09 as well as in T03-B codes.|
T03-C|Current||Dynamic recording/reproducing methods - other||Audio/video applications are coded in W04-D codes also. For records prior to 2002, where application to audio/video recording is not stated, only capacitive record carriers and recording equipment are routinely assigned W04 codes also (in W04-D section). From 2002 W04-D codes are only applied where audio/video applications are specifically mentioned. For static stores see U14-A codes.|
T03-C01|Current|(1992-    )|Capacitive||Includes ferro-electric probe storage.|PVC, carbon, conductive, lubricant, stylus, diamond, shank, antistatic
T03-C03|Current|(1992-    )|Using electron beam||See also V05-F08C3 and other V05-F codes for equipment aspects, as appropriate.|
T03-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Using tunnelling effects||See also V05-F08C3 and V05-F01A5, and other V05-F codes for equipment aspects, as appropriate.|
T03-C05A|Current|(1997-    )|Record carriers and their manufacture|||
T03-C07|Current|(1992-    )|Using superconductive element||See T03-A01E for superconducting magnetic record carriers, and T03-A06K for superconductive magnetic recording systems. Superconductive materials and devices in general are coded in U14-F codes, (X12-D06 codes are assigned for high-power electrical aspects of superconductors).|
T03-C09|Current|(1992-    )|Other dynamic recording/reproducing methods - other|||
T03-D|Current||Recording/reproducing using combination of methods||Audio/video applications are assigned in W04-D codes also.|
T03-D01|Current|(1987-    )|Magneto-optical recording||T03-D01 codes cover recording intended to be read as changes in reflected light due to the Kerr effect and not recording based on temporary lowering of coercivity by a heat source that is read magnetically, as in heat-assisted magnetic recording (covered by T03-A06N1). Prior to 2002 all aspects of magneto-optical recording were assigned W04-D codes. From 2002 carriers and mechanical aspects of magneto-optical recording are no longer coded in W04. Carriers intended specifically for audio/video recording are coded in T03-D01A1K. Audio/video applications of magnetic-optical recording drives are assigned W04-D20 codes. Inventions are assigned T03-D01 codes when specific reference is made to magneto-optical recording. However, it should be noted that T03-B should be considered also for general aspects, such as optical systems, which may also be relevant to magneto-optical recording, and to allow for cases where the magneto-optical aspect cannot be ascertained.|Photomagnetic, Kerr effect, disc, substrate, film, rare earth, amorphous, optomagnetic
T03-D01A|Current|(1992-    )|Record carriers||Prior to 1997, this code included disclosures dealing with a sequence of layers without emphasis on any specific one. This subject matter is now transferred to T03-D01A4.|
T03-D01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Carrier type||Codes in this section are used to indicate carrier type for both novel carrier details and novel manufacturing aspects. For these aspects, T03-N codes are not assigned from 1992.|
T03-D01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Disc|||
T03-D01A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Card|||
T03-D01A1E|Current|(1992-    )|Tape|||
T03-D01A1K|Current|(2002-    )|For audio/video recording|||
T03-D01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate|||
T03-D01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Reflective, antireflective, and dielectric layers||The title of this code has been expanded to reflect the previous inclusion of dielectric layers, now covered by T03-D01A3E.|
T03-D01A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Antireflective layer|||
T03-D01A3C|Current|(1992-    )|Reflective layer|||
T03-D01A3E|Current|(1997-    )|Dielectric layers||This code is mainly intended for layers internal to the carrier. Spacing layers between two magnetic layers are covered by T03-D01A5G. External protective layers are covered by T03-D01A7 codes.|
T03-D01A4|Current|(1997-    )|Layer arrangements in general||This code is used for inventions where structures involving several layers are claimed, without particular emphasis on any one. See other T03-D01A codes for novel details of specific layers.|
T03-D01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic layers||See V02-A01 codes for magnetic compositions also, and V02-B01 for magnetic film in general.|
T03-D01A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Recording layers|||
T03-D01A5C|Current|(1992-    )|Reference layers|||
T03-D01A5E|Current|(1997-    )|Exchange coupling system|T03-D01A5A, T03-D01A5C||
T03-D01A5G|Current|(1997-    )|Spacing layers||Covers layers consisting of metallic or non-metallic material separating two magnetic layers. Dielectric layers in general are covered by T03-D01A3E.|
T03-D01A5J|Current|(2005-    )|Domain wall displacement system||Covers systems which transfer high density recorded marks from memory/recording layer to displacement/reproduction layer via switching layer through exchange coupling force, then causing exchange coupling force to disappear through heating and shifting domain wall in reproduction layer to increase size of mark so as to allow reading by standard wavelength laser.|memory layer, switching layer, displacement layer, control layer, reading layer, magnetically amplifying magneto optical system (MAMOS)
T03-D01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Overcoat layer|||
T03-D01A7A|Current|(1992-    )|Lubrication aspects of overcoat layer|||
T03-D01A8|Current|(1992-    )|Record carrier manufacture and testing||Prior to 2002 this aspect was also coded in W04-D01A1, irrespective of application. From 2002 W04-D01A1 is no longer used. Use T03-D01A1 codes to discriminate carrier type (T03-N codes not assigned from 1992).|
T03-D01A8A|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate manufacture|||
T03-D01A8C|Current|(1992-    )|Reflective layer deposition|||
T03-D01A8E|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic layer deposition||Also coded in V02-H02 codes for novel aspects of equipment or process. Magnetic layer deposition for purely magnetic record carriers is covered by T03-A02A codes.|
T03-D01A8G|Current|(1997-    )|Overcoat layer deposition|||
T03-D01A8J|Current|(1992-    )|Carrier testing||For non-recording testing aspects see S02/S03 codes, e.g. S03-E04F2 for optical flaw testing.|
T03-D01A9|Current|(2005-    )|Recording format||Covers physical aspects only, e.g. details of grooves and pits. See T03-D01E7 for signal aspects of recording format.|
T03-D01B|Retired|(1992-2004)|Record carrier positioning*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 novel aspects of magneto-optical record carrier positioning are assigned T03-F or T03-E codes in conjunction with the appropriate T03-D01K code.|
T03-D01B1|Retired|(1992-2004)|For discs*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2005 T03-N01 was also assigned along with T03-F codes for specific details.|
T03-D01B5|Retired|(1992-2004)|For tape*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2005 T03-N02 and/or T03-N03 or T03-N04 were also assigned. See T03-E codes for tape drive details.|
T03-D01C|Current|(1992-    )|Optical head details|||
T03-D01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Optical elements||Includes light guides (see V07-F01 codes also).|
T03-D01C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Lenses|||
T03-D01C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Beam splitter, polariser|||
T03-D01C1E|Current|(1997-    )|"Super-resolution" optics|||Numerical aperture, NA, Rayleigh, refraction
T03-D01C1G|Current|(1997-    )|Harmonic generator||Covers arrangements effectively reducing wavelength of recording or reading light.|
T03-D01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Light source||See U12 and V08 codes as appropriate for details of lasers and their control.|
T03-D01C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Light source control|||
T03-D01C5|Current|(1997-    )|Photodetector||See U12-A02B codes for semiconductor device respects.|Photodiode, diode, APD, quadrant, sensor
T03-D01D|Current|(1992-    )|Optical head positioning|||
T03-D01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Focusing|||
T03-D01D1A|Current|(1992-    )|Focus servo|||
T03-D01D1C|Current|(1992-    )|Motor drive||Includes voice-coil motors and their control. See also V06-M04 and V06-N codes.|
T03-D01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Track selection and accessing||Includes motor drive for head positioning. See also V06-M and V06-N codes as appropriate.|
T03-D01D3A|Current|(1992-    )|Track accessing servo||Track access servo systems in general are covered by T03-G02B1.|
T03-D01D3C|Current|(1992-    )|Switching to track following servo action|||
T03-D01D5|Current|(1992-    )|Track following|||
T03-D01D5A|Current|(1992-    )|Track following servo||Track following servo systems in general are covered by T03-G02C1.|
T03-D01D7|Current|(1992-    )|Motor drive for track selection and following||Includes motor per se and also drive circuitry not specifically part of track access or track following servo systems, these being covered by T03-D01D3A and T03-D01D5A respectively.|
T03-D01E|Current|(1992-    )|Erasing, rewriting, writing, interfacing methods and circuits||The title of this code has been expanded to reflect its wider use since 1992 to include reading and writing circuitry (now covered by T03-D01E3 codes) and interfacing aspects (T03-D01E5 codes).|
T03-D01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Erasing/rewriting methods to reduce access time||Includes methods intended to reduce access time.|
T03-D01E1A|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing unnecessary erasure||Includes monitoring of unrecorded areas to allocate data accordingly.|
T03-D01E3|Current|(1997-    )|Writing and reading circuitry||See also T03-P codes where broader signal processing aspects are involved.|
T03-D01E3A|Current|(1997-    )|Writing|||
T03-D01E3C|Current|(1997-    )|Reading|||
T03-D01E5|Current|(1997-    )|Interfacing aspects||Includes actual interfacing circuits and also storage control aspects, e.g. file allocation, etc. See also T01-H codes for computer storage systems.|FAT
T03-D01E7|Current|(2005-    )|Signal recording format, methods|||
T03-D01E9|Current|(1997-    )|Magneto-optical recorder aspects - other|||
T03-D01F|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic system|||
T03-D01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic head||Includes manufacture of head (see V02-H05 also). Magnetic heads for purely magnetic recording are covered by T03-A03 codes.|
T03-D01F1A|Current|(1992-    )|Head movement||Covers spacing/movement of head relative to disc surface. Optical head positioning is covered by T03-D01D codes.|
T03-D01F3|Current|(1992-    )|Bias magnet, initialisation system||Novel permanent magnets are also coded in V02-E01, electromagnets in V02-E02 codes.|
T03-D01F3A|Current|(1992-    )|Position adjustment||Includes movement towards disc surface.|
T03-D01H|Current|(1992-    )|Recording method||Codes indicating recording method are assigned to indicate equipment type, and thus may be used with any other T03-D01 code provided the type of recording is disclosed.|
T03-D01H1|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic field modulation||Covers systems with constant intensity (unmodulated) light beam.|
T03-D01H5|Current|(1992-    )|Light beam modulation||Covers systems with constant (unmodulated) magnetic field.|
T03-D01K|Current|(2005-    )|Magneto-optical drive||Portable standalone drives are also coded in T04-P. From 2005 magneto-optical drives are coded in this section in accordance with carrier type and are no longer assigned a corresponding T03-N code. Prior to 2002 magneto-optical drives are coded in T03-N as appropriate and W04-D20. From 2002 W04-D10 codes are applied only for audio/video recording applications and therefore between 2002 and 2005 optical drives with no audio/video aspect were assigned a T03-N code in conjunction with the appropriate T03-D01 codes to denote novel aspects.|
T03-D01K1|Current|(2005-    )|Disc drive|||
T03-D01K3|Current|(2005-    )|Card drive|||
T03-D01K5|Current|(2005-    )|Tape drive|||
T03-D01R|Current|(2006-    )|Recycling and destroying magneto-optical carrier||This code is used for recycling and destroying of magneto-optical record carriers only. Recycling and destroying of magnetic carriers is covered by T03-A01R and of optical carriers by T03-B01R. Where an invention is applicable to recycling or destruction of several types of carrier or the type is not disclosed the general code T03-H02R is assigned instead. For recycling of recording or playing equipment see V04-X01C.|
T03-D03|Current|(1992-    )|Electro-optical recording||Includes photorefractive ferroelectric carrier system with e.g. static electric field and modulated light beam. For details of head and carrier positioning see T03-E, T03-F, and T03-G codes, as appropriate.|
T03-D03A|Current|(1992-    )|Record carriers and their manufacture||Prior to 2002 W04-D01A codes were also applied. From 2002 W04-D01A codes are no longer used.|
T03-D09|Current|(1992-    )|Combination recording methods - other|||
T03-E|Current||Tape(/filament) transport||For records prior to 2002 tape transport for audio/video recording was also coded in W04-B04B or W04-E02B. From 2002 tape transport aspects are no longer covered in these equivalent codes in W04, but are assigned W04-B10A or W04-B12A as appropriate if specific to video or audio tape recorders respectively. T03-N codes are assigned as appropriate to indicate equipment type.|Motor, rotor, drive, belt, gear, tape deck
T03-E01|Current||Spools; cassette changing; loading; threading||Spools within cassette housings are coded in T03-H01B, or T03-H01C only. Winding tape onto spools during manufacture is covered by T03-H codes only. Includes retention of cassette/spool in position during recording/playback.|Engage, guide, cam, gear, eject
T03-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|Spools|||Hub, reel, flange, leader
T03-E01B|Current|(1992-    )|Cassette changing|||Load, eject, slot, slide, carriage
T03-E01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Changing/ejecting mechanism within apparatus|||
T03-E01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Cassette door|||Flap, damping, spring
T03-E01B5|Old|(1992-2005)|External feeding apparatus e.g. for tape library||From 2006 external tape feeding for library systems is no longer included here, being covered by T03-Q01 and T03-Q07A.|
T03-E01B5|Current|(2006-    )|External feeding apparatus||From 2006 external tape feeding for library systems is no longer included here, being covered by T03-Q01 and T03-Q07A. Prior to 2006 search with T03-E01B5 and T03-Q01 for external feeding arrangements for tape libraries.|
T03-E01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Handling different sized cassettes||Cassette adaptors per se (e.g. for enabling insertion of small cassette into standard machine) are covered by T03-H01B6.|
T03-E01C|Current|(1992-    )|Looping, threading|||
T03-E01C1|Current|(1992-    )|For helical scan tape||Includes arrangement to withdraw loop of tape from cassettes. Also coded in T03-N02 and T03-N03. Prior to 2002 audio/video applications of this technology were also assigned W04-B04B7A which is discontinued from 2002 and thus no longer assigned.|
T03-E02|Current||Tape guidance - other||Includes capstan and rotary head guides, vacuum arrangements and pressure pads.|
T03-E03|Current||Controlling, regulating or indicating speed|||
T03-E03A|Current|(1992-    )|Speed control|||Servo, feedback
T03-E03A1|Current|(1992-    )|By measurement of carrier speed|||Tachometer, pulse counting
T03-E03A5|Current|(1992-    )|By recorded data|||
T03-E03A7|Current|(1992-    )|In conjunction with helical-scan head||See also T03-A05A1D for helical scan head speed control, also coded in T03-N02.|
T03-E04|Current||Tape tension control; speed changing; reversing|||Fast forward, rewind, selector, motor
T03-E05|Current||Control of operating mode||For records prior to 2002 audio/video applications are coded in W04-B04B5 codes. From 2002 these codes are no longer assigned.|Select, switch, function, play, rewind, fast forward, display, pause, cue, autostop, solenoid
T03-E05A|Current|(1992-    )|Based on sensed carrier features e.g. autostop|||
T03-E05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Sensing recorded data|||
T03-E05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Sensing tape tension|||
T03-E05A5|Current|(1992-    )|Sensing non-magnetic feature on tape e.g. leader||Includes optical detection. (Leader per se is covered by T03-A01H and T03-A01C3).|Light transmission, transparent
T03-E05A7|Current|(1992-    )|Sensing speed of carrier||Includes detection of drop in speed, e.g. at end of tape, to halt operation.|
T03-E05A9|Current|(1992-    )|Based on sensed carrier features e.g. autostop - other|||
T03-E05B|Current|(1992-    )|Manual control||Includes operating controls, keys, switches, etc.|Pushbutton
T03-E05C|Current|(1992-    )|Remote control||See W04-E04A for remote control specific to audio or video recording.|Optical, IR, ultrasonic, radio, wire
T03-E06|Current||Driving spools||Includes motor, gearing and pulley systems, torque adjustment.|Reel, belt, tension, friction
T03-E06A|Current|(1992-    )|Motor||This code is used as a general code for tape drive system motors.|
T03-E07|Current||Driving tape||Includes capstan/pinch roller systems.|
T03-E08|Current||Driving arrangements - other||Includes braking arrangements. Spool rotation preventing devices within cassettes are covered by T03-H01B7A.|Clutch, reel, torque
T03-F|Current||Disc, drum, etc. drive and positioning||This section deals mainly with disc drive arrangements (general), but also covers analagous systems for card, drum, or other carriers. (For convenience the term 'disc' is used below). Search with T03-N codes to discriminate type of equipment, and with specific codes from other sections, e.g. T03-A08, T03-B03, etc.|Motor, floppy, hard, card, drum, cylinder
T03-F01|Current||Automatic disc changing||Includes all types of loading/ejection mechanism where disc is not placed in final recording/reproduction. position by hand.|Load, arm, cartridge, eject, feed
T03-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Loading mechanism and drive||Includes disc tray.|
T03-F01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Disc shutter opener||Disc cartridge shutters per se are covered by T03-H01A5. Includes arrangements to extract disc from cartridge within drive for playback/reproduction.|Pin, tab, lever
T03-F01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Ejection system||This code covers arrangements peculiar to the ejection of carriers, and not merely part of the reciprocating system for loading/unloading, which is covered by T03-F01A.|
T03-F01A7|Current|(1997-    )|Handling different disc size or type|||
T03-F01B|Current|(1992-    )|Disc positioning and centering|||Hub, locate
T03-F01C|Current|(1992-    )|Disc changing control system|||Monitor, controller, circuit
T03-F01D|Current|(1992-    )|Manual loading of carrier|||
T03-F01E|Current|(1992-    )|Loading from carousel container for several carriers||Covers arrangements enabling simultaneous loading of several carriers, which are then played or recorded on, sequentially or non-sequentially. 'Internal' jukebox arrangements are covered by T03-F01F1. Carousel container per se is covered by T03-H01A2.|
T03-F01F|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic feeding of single carrier from e.g. stack|||
T03-F01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Feeding from stack within recording apparatus||Includes jukebox systems. Feeding systems from external stack (apart from library systems) are covered by T03-F01F5. Library systems are covered by T03-Q codes.|
T03-F01F5|Current|(1992-    )|Feeding from stack or system external to equipment per se||From 2006 library systems are no longer included here, being covered by T03-Q codes.|
T03-F01X|Current|(1992-    )|Feeding arrangements - other|||
T03-F02|Current||Driving; control of drive and operating function; other||Motor details are coded in V06.|
T03-F02A|Current|(1992-    )|Drive control||Covers circuitry supervising and monitoring operation. Aspects specific to disc changing are covered by T03-F01C. See V06-N codes for motor control circuits.|
T03-F02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Speed control|||
T03-F02A5|Current|(2005-    )|Motor tilt control|||
T03-F02C|Current|(1992-    )|Drive components||Covers only those mechanical or electromechanical elements concerned with driving carrier.|
T03-F02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Drive motor||See V06-M codes also for motor details.|Spindle motor
T03-F02C3|Current|(1992-    )|Turntable, spindle, bearings, disc clamping|||
T03-F02C3A|Current|(1997-    )|Disc clamping arrangements|T03-F01B, T03-F02C3|Covers arrangements to clamp disc onto shaft. Clamp arrangements for drive braking are covered by T03-F02C5.|
T03-F02C3C|Current|(1997-    )|Bearings|||
T03-F02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Braking arrangements||Arrangements to fix disc(s) on driving shaft are covered by T03-F02C3.|
T03-F02E|Current|(1992-    )|Carrier pressure arrangements||Includes arrangement to press floppy disc against magnetic head.|
T03-F02G|Current|(1992-    )|Ventilation, cooling, air filters||Includes fans, heatsinks, etc. Cooling of electronic equipment in general is covered by V04-T03 codes.|
T03-F02G1|Current|(1992-    )|Air filters and particle/contaminant trapping||Air filters of general application are covered by T03-H02C. Prior to 1992 see T03-F02 and T03-H02. Includes the use of coatings etc. inside a drive to adsorb contaminants, e.g. In an HDD (with T03-A08A1C).|
T03-F02J|Current|(1992-    )|Multi-carrier type drive||This code is used with other T03-F codes as appropriate and covers arrangements specific to driving several carriers simultaneously.|
T03-F02L|Retired|(1992-2004)|Casings, constructional details*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2005 codes in this section are no longer used. Constructional aspects of disk drives are now assigned T03-L05 codes in conjunction with T03-A08A, T03-B08A or T03-D01K1 as appropriate, or in conjunction with T03-N01 for general cases.|
T03-F02L1|Retired|(1997-2004)|Casings, housings*||*This code is now discontinued.|
T03-F02L5|Retired|(1997-2004)|Internal construction*||*This code is now discontinued.|
T03-F02X|Current|(1992-    )|Other disc drive details||Includes internal connectors, e.g. between drive assembly and PCB. Prior to 2005 this code included external interfacing connectors, which are now covered in T03-M07. Includes arrangements for lubricating carriers within disc drives. For lubricating arrangements for motor bearings see T03-F02C3C along with V06.|
T03-G|Current||General head arrangements||To be used where apparatus is non-specific or common to several types of recording. For specific applications see the relevant code group, e.g. T03-A05 for magnetic, and T03-B02A for optical recording.|Disc, drive, arm, carriage, position, motor, mount, rotating, transducer, align, stepper, slide, pick-up
T03-G01|Current||For adjusting head/record carrier spacing|||Air, bearing, lower, pressure, raise
T03-G02|Current||For track selecting/aligning||Covers mechanical and electromechanical arrangements.|
T03-G02A|Current|(1992-    )|Head position actuator|||
T03-G02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Drive motor||See V06-M codes for details of motor per se.|
T03-G02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Mounting, support||Includes support arms, bearings etc.|
T03-G02B|Current|(1992-    )|Track selection|||
T03-G02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Track access servo|||
T03-G02B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Switching to track following action|||
T03-G02C|Current|(1992-    )|Track alignment|||
T03-G02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic alignment, track following servo|||
T03-G02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Manual alignment; setting up||For testing aspects see T03-K07 codes also.|
T03-G02E|Current|(1992-    )|Preventing servo crosstalk or unwanted interaction||Includes arrangements to prevent crosstalk between e.g. track following servo and focus servo in optical or magneto-optical disc systems, (see T03-B and T03-D01 codes also as appropriate).|
T03-G09|Current||General head arrangements - other||Includes other head locking/positioning appts. and head/carrier pressure maintaining appts.|
T03-H|Current||Record carriers and accessories in general|||
T03-H01|Current||Containers||Codes in this section relate to containers, casings, sleeves etc. in which record carrier is driven. Storage containers in which the carrier is removed for playing are covered by T03-L01 codes.|Sleeve, cover, cartridge, housing material, fabric, fibre
T03-H01A|Current||For discs||Prior to 2002 disc containers for audio/visual recording applications were also coded in W04-E02A1. From 2002 these codes are no longer used and T03-H01A6K is applied for disc containers specifically intended for audio/visual recording.|Floppy, hard, compact, envelope, jacket, fold, flexible
T03-H01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Materials||Covers composition of container.|
T03-H01A2|Current|(1992-    )|For multiple disc container||Includes carousel arrangement in which carriers can be driven for recording or reproduction. See T03-F01E also for carousel-changing aspects.|
T03-H01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Structure|||
T03-H01A4|Current|(1997-    )|Liner for disc container|||
T03-H01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Protective arrangement e.g. shutter||Disc drive arrangements for opening shutters are coded in T03-F01A1.|
T03-H01A6|Current|(1992-    )|Disc type|||
T03-H01A6A|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic|||
T03-H01A6B|Current|(1992-    )|Optical|||
T03-H01A6C|Current|(1992-    )|Capacitive|||
T03-H01A6D|Current|(1992-    )|Magneto-optical|||
T03-H01A6K|Current|(2002-    )|For audio/video recording|W04-E02A1||
T03-H01A6X|Current|(1992-    )|Disc type - other|||
T03-H01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Disc hub|||
T03-H01A8|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture and assembly||Covers manufacture of component parts of container and mounting carrier inside it.|
T03-H01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Disc container details - other|||
T03-H01B|Current||Cassettes for end-to-end webs/filaments||Prior to 2002 this topic was also coded in W04-B04B1 and W04-E02B1. From 2002 these codes are no longer used and audio/visual applications are indicated using T03-H01B4. Cassettes are assumed to be for magnetic tape unless other codes indicate otherwise.|Tape, guide, insert, reel, spool, end, leader
T03-H01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Materials|||Polycarbonate, plastics
T03-H01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Construction||Covers shape, internal arrangement of component parts, etc.|
T03-H01B4|Current|(2002-    )|For audio/video recording|W04-B04B1, W04-E02B1||
T03-H01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Protective arrangement e.g. tape cover||Search with T03-N02 for helical scan cassettes.|
T03-H01B6|Current|(1992-    )|Cassette adaptor||Arrangements in a recorder to allow loading of different sized cassettes are covered by T03-E01B7.|
T03-H01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Spools, spool locks||Spools not part of a cassette are covered by T03-E01A.|
T03-H01B7A|Current|(1992-    )|Spool locks||Preventing spool rotation by tape drive components (e.g. brakes) is covered by T03-E08.|
T03-H01B8|Current|(1992-    )|Loading with tape, manufacture of cassette per se||Includes manufacture and assembly of cassette.|
T03-H01B8A|Current|(1992-    )|Loading cassette with tape||Includes arrangements for cutting tape and attaching leader, gripper or buckle etc. For novel gripper or buckle arrangements per se, see T03-H01B9.|Pancake
T03-H01B8C|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of cassette per se||Includes moulding of cassette halves.|
T03-H01B9|Current|(1992-    )|End-to-end cassette details - other||Includes labels (with T03-H02A1A). Includes attachments to tape leader for gripping etc.|
T03-H01C|Current||Cassettes for endless webs/filaments|||Loop, continuous, spool, message recorder, telephone answering, announcement
T03-H01X|Current||Containers - other|||
T03-H02|Current||Record carriers, cleaning||Magnetic head cleaning is covered by T03-A04B codes only.|Disc, tape, cassette, head, compact, housing, cartridge, filter, fluid
T03-H02A|Current|(1992-    )|General aspects of carriers, including labels||Prior to 2002 labels for audio/video recording carriers and cassettes were coded in W04-E03A From 2002 this code is no longer used and audio/video applications of labels are coded in T03-H02A8. Includes labels applied to carrier itself and to housing, e.g. cassette case, jewel box, etc.|
T03-H02A1|Current|(1997-    )|Labels and authentication marks|||
T03-H02A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Labels||Includes labels applied to carrier itself and to housing, e.g. cassette case, jewel box. For labelling during manufacture see T03-B01E codes and X25-F08 (if there are significant electrical details)/|
T03-H02A1C|Current|(1997-    )|Authentication markings for record carrier||Includes both human-readable and machine-readable markings, such as bar coding (see T04-A and T04-C codes also). Identification of counterfeit recordings by added signals is not included being covered in T03-P07C, and for audio and video recording in W04-G01L3 and W04-F01L3 respectively.|
T03-H02A3|Current|(2002-    )|Integrated circuit storing carrier information||This code is intended for ICs incorporated in record carriers to act as e.g. 'electronic labels', with the possibility of reading contents information, or similar, either by recording equipment itself, or by an accessory system.|
T03-H02A8|Current|(2002-    )|For audio/video recording|W04-E03A||
T03-H02B|Current|(1992-    )|Cleaning carriers||This code is used to highlight the cleaning or re-conditioning of record carriers by an end user and not as a step in a manufacturing process. For cleaning, re-conditioning and similar processes as part of record carrier manufacture see codes for manufacture of the particular carrier type, e.g. T03-A02 codes for magnetic carriers, T03-B01E3L and other T03-B01E codes for optical carriers, or T03-D01A8 codes for magneto-optical carriers. |
T03-H02C|Current|(1992-    )|Cleaning equipment, including air filters||Air filters specifically designed for disk drives are coded in T03-F02G1 only. Prior to 1992 search T03-F02 and T03-H02. Cleaning of magnetic and optical heads is not included and is respectively covered by T03-A04B3 codes and T03-B02B8 codes (from 1992). |
T03-H02R|Current|(2006-    )|General carrier recycling and destroying arrangements||This code is used for recycling and destroying of record carriers in general, i.e. where the invention is applicable to several types of carrier or the type is not disclosed. It is not assigned when recycling or destroying of a specific type of carrier is involved, for which T03-A01R (magnetic carriers), T03-B01R (optical carriers) or T03-D01R (magneto-optical carriers) is assigned. For recycling of recording or playing equipment see V04-X01C.|
T03-H07|Current|(2006-    )|Preventing overwriting, erasure or copying||Covers hardware-based methods of write/erase protection, e.g. erase tab, disc-drive lock. See T03-P07 for erasure/ copy prevention using signal formats/signal processing.|
T03-H07A|Current|(2006-    )|Preventing accidental loss of data|||
T03-H07C|Current|(2006-    )|Preventing unauthorised deliberate access or copying|||
T03-H09|Current||Record carriers and accessories in general - other||Including spool manufacture, tape winders/rewinders and disc-sleeve insertion appts.|
T03-J|Current||Indexing; synchronising; measuring tape travel||This section includes codes for counters, gap inserting, cue recording, and carrier storage marking/indication. Labels for carriers are covered by T03-H02A1A. For audio/video applications see W04-H and W04-K codes also.|Pulse, code, position, track, time, counter, indicate, display
T03-J01|Current|(1992-    )|Index signal recording and detection|||
T03-J01A|Current|(1992-    )|Time code|||SMPTE
T03-J01C|Current|(1997-    )|Indexing information relating to carrier contents||Includes 'table of contents' information, recorded separately or interleaved with main recorded information, but usually by same recording process in either case. Labels providing such information in human-readable form are covered by T03-H02A1A.|TOC
T03-J01C1|Current|(1997-    )|User-recordable contents index information||Includes 'user table of contents' information, and thus implies use of recordable, rather than 'read-only' carriers.|UTOC
T03-J01E|Current|(2006-    )|Error management information|||
T03-J03|Current|(1992-    )|Synchronising|||
T03-J03A|Current|(1997-    )|Synchronising data with carrier speed or head position||Codes in this section cover both control of carrier speed based on data rate, and modification of data rate based on head or carrier drive aspects. Details of clock circuits and systems are in T03-J03C.|CAV, CLV, angular, linear, wobble
T03-J03A1|Current|(1997-    )|Controlling carrier speed based on recording data rate||See also T03-E03A5 and T03-F02A1 for tape and disc drive aspects respectively. Arrangements modifying data rate based on carrier speed or position of head on carrier, e.g. differing linear velocity along radius of a disc, are covered by T03-J03A3 and T03-J03A5 respectively.|
T03-J03A3|Current|(1997-    )|Modifying data rate based on carrier speed||Covers arrangements to modify data rate based on measured speed of carrier.|
T03-J03A5|Current|(1997-    )|Modifying data rate based on head position||Includes arrangements to modify data rate based on change in linear velocity of tracks on a disc along its radius.|
T03-J03C|Current|(1997-    )|Clock system details||See appropriate codes in e.g. U22 and U23 for actual oscillator and clock extraction circuits.|Phase, PLL
T03-J03C1|Current|(1997-    )|Clock generation and recording|||Crystal, resonator, feedback, ring
T03-J03C5|Current|(1997-    )|Clock recovery||This code is intended for read circuitry establishing a clock signal from recorded data itself.|
T03-J05|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring carrier travel|||
T03-J05A|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring tape travel||Includes tape counters. Search with T03-E05A1 for arrangement for stopping e.g. in response to gaps in recorded information.|Automatic music search system, AMSS, display
T03-K|Current||Editing; monitoring||Includes dubbing, splicing, displays, disc speed monitoring, etc. For audio/video applications see W04-H and W04-J codes also. See T03-P01A for digital recording error correction.|Control, check, monitoring
T03-K01|Current|(1992-    )|Editing, splicing tape|||Dubbing
T03-K01A|Current|(1992-    )|Splicing|||Tape, join, repair, bond
T03-K03|Current|(1992-    )|Operation displays|||VU, volume unit, meter, mode, indicate
T03-K05|Current|(1992-    )|Recording equipment control circuits (general)||Includes control systems compensating for ageing effects, temperature change, etc.|
T03-K05A|Current|(1992-    )|Adaptive control systems|||
T03-K07|Old|(1992-2011)|Recording equipment testing||Electronic circuitry testing in general is covered by S01-G01 codes.|
T03-K07|Current|(2012-    )|Recording equipment testing||From 2012 T03-K07 codes are no longer assigned for optical recording head testing. See T03-B02B8E.|
T03-K07A|Old|(1992-2011)|Testing during manufacture|||Production line, evaluate, reject
T03-K07A|Current|(2012-    )|Testing during manufacture||From 2012 T03-K07 codes are no longer assigned for optical recording head testing. See T03-B02B8E.|Production line, evaluate, reject
T03-K07C|Old|(1992-2011)|Complete equipment testing||Includes self-test facilities and performance testing of finished equipment.|Test tape, test disc, error check
T03-K07C|Current|(2012-    )|Complete equipment testing||Includes self-test facilities and performance testing of finished equipment. From 2012 T03-K07 codes are no longer assigned for optical recording head testing. See T03-B02B8E.|Test tape, test disc, error check
T03-K07E|Old|(1992-2011)|Detecting carrier defect||Covers arrangements to protect drive from damage. For detection of defects using BER measurements search along with T03-P01A. Arrangements to store information concerning the location of carrier errors, e.g. bad sectors, in order to speed up read and write processes are not coded here, being covered in T03-P01A and T03-J01E instead. Prior to 2006 this topic was covered in T03-P01A and T03-J01C.|
T03-K07E|Current|(2012-    )|Detecting carrier defect||Covers arrangements to protect drive from damage. For detection of defects using BER measurements search along with T03-P01A. Arrangements to store information concerning the location of carrier errors, e.g. bad sectors, in order to speed up read and write processes are not coded here, being covered in T03-P01A and T03-J01E instead. Prior to 2006 this topic was covered in T03-P01A and T03-J01C. From 2012 T03-K07 codes are no longer assigned for optical recording head testing. See T03-B02B8E.|
T03-K09|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring details - other|||
T03-L|Current||Recording housings||Codes in this section relate to storage housings for record carriers, and also constructional details of recording equipment.|Disc, cassette, storage, magnetic, tape, floppy, cover, lock, support, case, compact, compartment, stack
T03-L01|Current|(1987-    )|Cases and storage racks or boxes for record carriers||T03-L01 codes relate to casings and housings for record carriers, from which the carriers can be removed, and are not assigned for casings and housings of equipment, which are covered by T03-L05A. T03-L01 codes cover cassette boxes, racks, storage boxes for floppy disks, hard disks, tape reels etc. but not casings inserted into recording equipment in which the carrier is driven during recording/playing process, which are covered by T03-H01 codes. Prior to 2002 record carrier containers for optical recording carriers and other carriers specifically used for audio/video recording were also assigned W04-L01 codes. From 2002 these codes are no longer used and T03-L01K codes are used to indicate the type of carrier that the container is used for, and where appropriate, its application.|
T03-L01A|Current|(1992-    )|Record carrier container||Includes packaging aspects, e.g. shipping containers.|
T03-L01A1|Current|(1992-    )|For discs|||Compact, CD case, sleeve
T03-L01A3|Current|(1992-    )|For tape||Search with T03-N03 for cassettes, and also T03-N02 for helical scan cassettes.|Video rental
T03-L01C|Current|(1992-    )|Storage racks and cases||Includes arrangements for home or office use, mounting in car, etc., and also display stands for use in e.g. shop.|Retail, store
T03-L01C1|Current|(1992-    )|For discs|||Floppy, computer, data, file, box
T03-L01C3|Current|(1992-    )|For tape||T03-N02, T03-N03 are also assigned as appropriate.|Spool, reel, cassette, drawer, rack, box
T03-L01K|Current|(2002-    )|Carrier type|||
T03-L01K1|Current|(2002-    )|Magnetic|||
T03-L01K3|Current|(2002-    )|Optical|||
T03-L01K5|Current|(2002-    )|Magneto-optical|||
T03-L01K8|Current|(2002-    )|For audio/video recording|W04-L01||
T03-L01N|Current|(2007-    )|Novelty housings, containers, combined with other article||Covers record carrier containers used for additional function. Includes record carrier cases and racks combined with other article, e.g. drinks can. Use in conjunction with other T03-L codes to indicate type of container.|
T03-L05|Current|(1987-    )|For recording equipment; constructional details of recording equipment||T03-L05 codes relate to recording equipment per se and mounting details. T03-L01 codes are only assigned in addition when a storage rack is an integral part of an automatic feed system, for example. (For library systems T03-Q codes are also assigned plus T03-E/T03-F as appropriate).|Mount
T03-L05A|Current|(1987-    )|Cabinets, casings, stands|||
T03-L05B|Current|(1987-    )|Construction||Includes mounting of components, internal layout, cooling etc. See V04-T for constructional details of electronic appts. in general.|
T03-L05N|Current|(2005-    )|Noise and vibration reduction using constructional techniques||This code covers constructional arrangements to reduce acoustic noise and vibration generated by recording and reproducing equipment. Arrangements to reduce electrical noise in recorded or reproduced signals are covered by T03-P05|
T03-L05S|Current|(2005-    )|Shock absorbing and damping||This code covers constructional arrangements to reduce the effects of externally-applied shocks and vibration on the recording and reproducing equipment. Arrangements to reduce acoustic noise and vibration produced by the recording or reproducing equipment itself are covered by T03-L05N.|
T03-M|Current||General|||
T03-M01|Current||For flat record carriers||This code was used to indicate card-type carrier systems prior to 1992. From 1992, T03-N05 will be assigned instead.|Card, strip
T03-M02|Current||For web and other record carriers||Prior to 1992, this code was chiefly used to indicate certain magnetic tape manufacturing processes (with T03-A02), such as slitting. From 1992 these are covered by T03-A02B7 and T03-A02E3, and T03-M02 is now mainly used for non-standard web carriers such as photographic film with e.g. magnetic recording aspects, (also assigned T03-A01C9).|Tape
T03-M05|Current|(2005-    )|Power supply details|||
T03-M07|Current|(2005-    )|Interfacing, connectors||Covers external interfacing and connectors, e.g. between drive and other equipment, only. Interfacing for magnetic drives and optical drives is covered in T03-A10 and T03-B08 respectively, and is not coded here. See V04 codes also.|
T03-M08|Old|(2006-2011)|General equipment manufacturing details||Manufacture of carriers is covered in T03-A02, T03-B01E, T03-C, T03-D01A8, T03-D03A and T03-D09.|
T03-M08|Current|(2012-    )|General equipment manufacturing details||This code covers the manufacture of recording and playback equipment in general and is not assigned where more specific codes are available, such as T03-A04A1 codes for magnetic head manufacture and (from 2012) T03-B02B8C for optical head manufacture. T03-M08 is not assigned for manufacture of 'bought-in' components used in recording equipment, or for record carrier manufacture which is covered by specific codes in e.g. T03-A02 (magnetic carriers), T03-B01E (optical carriers), T03-C (capacitive and other carriers), T03-D01A8 (magneto-optical carriers), T03-D03A (electro-optical carriers) and T03-D09 (other 'combined method' carriers).|
T03-M09|Current||Data recording general - other|||
T03-N|Current|(1983-    )|Recorder types||Notes: (1) Codes in this section are applied to indicate equipment type only, and do not themselves indicate novel features; (2) It is not intended that the codes be used in isolation, but rather to restrict the scope of other T03 codes; (3) From 1992, T03-N codes have not been assigned to record carriers per se which can be assigned codes from the following sections: T03-A01C, T03-A02E, T03-B01D, T03-D01A1; (4) Prior to 2005 T03-N codes were assigned to all inventions involving a record carrier drive used for a given type of record carrier. From 2005 codes in this section will be only be applied where the recording method, e.g. magnetic. optical etc., is unknown or the invention is of a general nature. T03-A08, T03-B08 and T03-D01K codes are applied for inventions involving a particular method of recording; (5) Carriers in casings (e.g. cassettes, diskettes as covered by T03-H codes) are also assigned T03-N codes.|
T03-N01|Current||Disc|||
T03-N02|Current||Helical scan|||
T03-N03|Current||Cassette|||
T03-N04|Current||Reel-to-reel|||
T03-N05|Current|(1992-    )|Card recorder|T03-M01|See also T04 and T05-H02 codes for card-freed systems.|
T03-N06|Current|(1997-    )|Drum recorder|||Magnetic
T03-P|Current|(1987-    )|Signal processing for recording (general)||Codes in this section may be used in conjunction with other T03 codes, or alone. For audio applications see W04-G01A also, and for video recording see W04-F codes.|
T03-P01|Current|(1987-    )|Digital recording|||
T03-P01A|Current|(1987-    )|Error detection||See U21-A06 for error detection in coding systems in general.|Decode, code, block, interleave, Reed Solomon, cyclic, correct, memory
T03-P01B|Current|(1992-    )|Compression and decompression codes||See T01-D02 for computer application of data compression and U21-A05A2 in general.|Compaction
T03-P01D|Old|(2005-2006)|Equalisation, thresholding and detection||Covers circuitry for detection and reading of signals. Does not cover specific cases of magnetic and optical detection coded in T03-A06C3 and T03-B06C respectively.|
T03-P01D|Current|(2007-    )|Equalisation, thresholding and digital signal processing||Covers signal processing circuitry for detection and reading of signals. Can be used in conjunction with T03-A06C3 and T03-B06C for specific application to magnetic and optical recording respectively. Prior to 2007 inventions specific to magnetic or optical read circuitry were assigned T03-A06C3 or T03-B06C only. See also U22-G codes for digital signal processing.|
T03-P01F|Current|(1997-    )|Formatting aspects||Formatting aspects of magnetic record carriers, with emphasis on layout of tracks, are covered by T03-A06F codes.|
T03-P02|Current|(1987-    )|Analogue|||Demodulate, AM, FM, PM
T03-P05|Current|(1992-    )|Noise reduction||This code covers arrangements to reduce electrical noise in recording or reproducing signals. Error detection in digital recording is covered by T03-P01A. Reduction of acoustic noise (sound energy) generated by the equipment is not included and is covered by T03-L05N.|
T03-P07|Old|(1992-2005)|Signal processing to prevent or monitor copying||W04-F01L and W04-G01L codes cover analogous arrangements specifically for audio and video recording. Prevention of overwriting, erasing or copying using hardware techniques, for all types of recording, is covered in T03-H07. See T03-A07 codes for anti-copying aspects specific to magnetic recording.|
T03-P07|Current|(2006-    )|Signal processing to restrict or monitor access, writing, erasing or copying||W04-F01L and W04-G01L codes cover analogous arrangements specifically for audio and video recording and in these cases T03-P07 codes are not assigned. Prevention of overwriting, erasing or copying using hardware techniques, for all types of recording, is covered in T03-H07. Prior to 2006 T03-A07 codes covered anti-copying aspects specific to magnetic recording.|
T03-P07A|Current|(1997-    )|Signal processing to prevent unauthorised access or copying|||
T03-P07C|Current|(1997-    )|Signal processing to identify occurrence of copying|||
T03-Q|Current|(1992-    )|Library systems||Covers systems for bulk storage of data, especially with automated retrieval.|
T03-Q01|Current|(1992-    )|Tape storage||Covers magnetic tape storage, unless additional codes indicate otherwise.|
T03-Q05|Current|(1992-    )|Disc storage|||
T03-Q05A|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic disc library|||
T03-Q05C|Current|(1992-    )|Optical disc library|||
T03-Q05E|Current|(1992-    )|Magneto-optical disc library|||
T03-Q05X|Current|(1992-    )|Disc library - other|||
T03-Q07|Current|(2006-    )|General aspects of recording media library||From 2006 this section covers all media library loading mechanisms and control systems. Previously this topic was covered in T03-E01B5 and T03-F01 for tape and disc systems respectively.|
T03-Q07A|Current|(2006-    )|Loading mechanism and drive|||
T03-Q07B|Current|(2006-    )|Media changing control system|||
T03-S|Current|(2005-    )|Use of data recording apparatus for non-recording applications||Use in conjunction with T03-B01D1 for articles incorporating optical discs, e.g. clocks, drinks coasters. Also for using storage media for holding biological/chemical samples, testing/instrumentation aspects are also coded in S03.|
T04|Current||Computer peripheral equipment|||
T04-A|Current||Using digitally marked record carriers|||Read, card, data, print, sense, code, document, mark, encode, bar codes
T04-A01|Current||Card or tape punches and readers|||Optical, hole, punch hole, aperture
T04-A02|Current||Digital marking (writing) - other||Includes credit or security card marking. Digitally marked cards per se are covered by T04-C codes. Writing to IC cards is covered by T04-K02. Includes erasure of markings.|
T04-A02A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrostatic or magnetic|||
T04-A02B|Current|(1992-    )|Digital marking to be read using light (incl. IR, UV)||Includes bar code marking, two-dimensional bar code marking.|
T04-A02X|Current|(1992-    )|Writing - other|||
T04-A03|Current||Digital mark sensing (reading) - other||Reading of IC cards is covered by T04-K02.|Head, pick-up, sweep
T04-A03A|Current||By detecting electrostatic or magnetic field change|||Strip
T04-A03B|Current||Using light (incl. IR, UV)|||Optical, beam, illuminate, laser, lens, reflect
T04-A03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Bar code reading||Search with T05-L01C for point of sale application, T01-C06 for computer interfacing and T04-M02 for hand-held bar-code scanner.|UPC, POS, Two-dimensional code marking
T04-A03B9|Current|(1992-    )|Reading with light - other||Concealed data|
T04-A03X|Current||Reading - other|||Contact, key, electrode, acoustic, ultrasound
T04-A05|Current|(2005-    )|Card feeding apparatus||Card feeding details for digitally marked record carrier. See T04-A03 for reading aspects.|
T04-B|Current||Verifying correctness of digital marking||Covers checking and monitoring of marking e.g. for alignment, not routine reading to determine authorisation, etc. Includes error detection.|
T04-C|Current||Digitally marked record carriers||Includes physical aspects, material, shape, etc. Covers only carriers with digital markings, digitally marked ID on items. 'Smart' cards are in T04-K01. Includes punched paper cards or tape (punches/readers are in T04-A01) see also T05-H02C5.|Identify, code
T04-C01|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic||Magnetic carriers are also assigned T03-A codes, or T03-A02 codes for manufacture, cross reference with T05-H02C5A.|Strip, card
T04-C02|Current|(1992-    )|Using light (incl. IR, UV)||Cross reference to V07 hologram, T05-D card/badge access, T05-H cash payment, T05-C fare registering.|Optical, hologram, bar code
T04-C09|Current|(1992-    )|Record carriers - other||Includes electrostatic cards, inductive cards and remote sensing.|
T04-D|Current||Character and signal pattern recognition||For data processing aspects of image acquisition and processing devices e.g. analysis, image detection, scanning, optical character recognition, camera. E.g. recognition for edge detection in peripheral. (T01-J10 and T04-D are only used together when the novelty does not describe how/when the processing is carried out). See also X25 codes, e.g. X25-A03E for robot manipulators. If novelty is in camera then see W04.|Image, detect, camera, digital, identify, scan, optical, video, facsimile, line, pixel, analysis
T04-D01|Current||Using characters containing code marks||Used for system where character conveys additional information, e.g. in stroke width, or magnetic ink character recognition systems.|MICR
T04-D02|Current||Image acquisition|||Scanning, reader, image pick-up, TV camera, alignment, CCD camera
T04-D02A|Current|(1992-    )|Mechanical and optical aspects|||Lens, focus
T04-D02B|Current|(1992-    )|Circuitry, processing||Processing within pick-up device, else coded in image processing see T01-J10 codes.|
T04-D03|Current||Image preprocessing||Image preprocessing before recognition processing, cross reference to T01-J10B2 for image processing/image analysis.|Filtering, quantising, compression, expansion, enhancement, contour, sensing
T04-D03A|Current|(1992-    )|Noise reduction||Noise reduction done in peripheral unit.|
T04-D03B|Current|(1992-    )|Edge recognition and determining orientation|||Alignment
T04-D04|Current||Recognition||Includes OCR (optical character recognition) and fingerprint identification, (see S05-D01C5A also), for speech recognition, see W04-V codes only. Scanner-computer interface details are coded in T01-C06.|Compare, reference, digital, memory, match
T04-D05|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring and error detection|T04-D09|Covers monitoring of parts of recognition system only. Using pattern recognition to detect errors in a pattern is in T04-D07A.|Fault detection
T04-D07|Current|(1992-    )|Applications of recognition techniques||See also under application.|Inspection
T04-D07A|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting defect in pattern||Errors in the recognition system itself are covered by T04-D05. Flaw detection see S03-E. Includes comparison with original pattern e.g. PCB, workpieces, valuable papers etc. Cross reference to U11 for checking circuit/wiring layout, see also T01-J15A2.|
T04-D07B|Current|(1992-    )|Sorting objects by type||Includes quality pass-fail tests based on e.g. colour. See also T05-K and X25-F06 for sorting.|Select
T04-D07B1|Current|(1992-    )|Using patterns specifically applied as identification marks|||Label
T04-D07C|Current|(1992-    )|Identification of item|||
T04-D07D|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting movement or position|||
T04-D07D1|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting movement|||
T04-D07D3|Current|(2011-    )|Detecting dimensions||Covers uses of recognition system to determine dimensions of an object, e.g. height, length, etc. See also S02-A03. Details of 3D scanners are coded under T04-M05 only.|
T04-D07D5|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting position or orientation|||
T04-D07E|Current|(1992-    )|Hand written character recognition||Cross reference to T04-F04 input of handwritten characters.|
T04-D07F|Current|(2006-    )|Biometrics||For image recognition relating to fingerprint recognition. See T04-D04 only prior to 2006. See also T05-D01B for entry/exit registers based on human characteristics. See also S05-D01C5A were novel detection systems are included.|
T04-D07F1|Current|(2006-    )|Facial Recognition|||
T04-D07F1A|Current|(2007-    )|Eye detection||Includes iris recognition, for red eye detection see also W04.|
T04-D07F2|Current|(2006-    )|Fingerprint Recognition|||
T04-D07F9|Current|(2007-    )|Other biometrics|||
T04-D07K|Current|(1992-    )|Using non-visible light images (e.g. IR, UV)|||
T04-D07X|Current|(1992-    )|Recognition applications - other|||
T04-D08|Current|(1992-    )|Colour systems|||
T04-D09|Current||Character and signal pattern recognition - other|||
T04-E|Current||Graph reading||Includes curve followers and devices for converting position of manually operated writing or tracing member into an electrical signal. Light pens, joysticks, etc. are covered by T04-F02 codes. See T01-C02 codes for computer interfacing of manual input interfacing systems and T01-C06 for scanner interfacing.|Position, tablet, coordinate, optical, digital, screen, matrix, point
T04-F|Current||Manual input arrangements for computers and computer controlled equipment||Only used if input devices details are given. Covers manual or other physical input arrangements. Covers input for computer controlled devices. Includes keyboards/keypads, trackpads and touchscreens for personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld video games, handheld GPS systems, etc. keypads, touchscreens, joysticks and trackpads. See T01-C02 codes for interface to computer.|Position, select, switch, contact, digital, touch, coordinate
T04-F01|Current|(1983-    )|Keyboards and keypads||For typewriter keyboards, see also S06-K. For switch and key actuation aspects, see V03-C01, cross-reference T01-C02A for keyboard interface. Virtual keyboards are coded in T01-C02B1 only. Details of keypads for mobile phones are coded under W01-C01B8 only. If use of keypad/keyboard is not precise, no T04-F code is applied, but V03 codes instead.|Layout
T04-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Control, circuitry|||
T04-F01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Key operation circuitry||Including scanning. See also U21-B02C.|
T04-F01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Key coding aspects||See also U21-A05D codes for key coding aspects.|Foreign, function key
T04-F01B|Current|(1992-    )|Construction||Cross reference to V03 for constructional details.|Key, membrane, pushbutton, pressure, casing, housing
T04-F02|Current|(1983-    )|Analogue|||Control, video game, indicate, matrix
T04-F02A|Current|(1992-    )|Based on absolute position||Input device when pressed/touched on particular position, inputs data according to that position.|X-Y, coordinate
T04-F02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Light pen|||Optical, light pointer
T04-F02A2|Current|(1992-    )|Touchscreen||Details of touch sensors are coded under U21-B02C. Constructional details of the touchscreen are also coded under T04-F02C. Details of touchscreens for mobile phones are coded under W01-C01B8H only, details of touchscreens for digital cameras and camcorders are coded under W04-M01D3E instead, and details of touchscreens for printers and copiers are coded under S06-K07A1 only.|
T04-F02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Manual input pad and stylus||Includes details of digitiser tablet, graphic interface and touch pad.|Pen, matrix
T04-F02B|Current|(1992-    )|Based on relative position||Input device when moved moves e.g. cursor accordingly.|
T04-F02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Mouse|||
T04-F02B1A|Current|(2005-    )|Optical||Mouse using optical elements instead of roller ball.|
T04-F02B2|Current|(2005-    )|Track pad||Touch pad used as mouse input e.g. on laptop computer.|
T04-F02B3|Current|(1992-    )|Joystick||Includes input devices used for gaming machines, e.g. joypad, driving wheel, etc. that are used in place of joystick.|
T04-F02B3A|Retired|(2002-2006)|Force feedback for joystick*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2007 see T04-F03.|Pen, matrix
T04-F02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Track ball|||
T04-F02B7|Current|(2002-    )|Three dimensional input||Includes power glove, 3-D input with strain gauges, virtual reality and acceleration measurements used as input e.g. tilt sensor used to scroll display on a PDA.|Glove
T04-F02C|Current|(2005-    )|Construction and manufacturing/testing details of analogue input arrangement||Includes mechanical details, manufacture and manufacturing apparatus. See also codes for type (e.g. T04-F02B1 for mouse, etc.). See T04-L01/L05 prior to 2005.|
T04-F03|Current|(2007-    )|Haptic feedback for manual input devices||Previous to 2007 see T04-F02B3A|
T04-F04|Current|(1992-    )|Input of hand written characters|||
T04-F05|Retired|(1992-1996)|Hand scanner for computer input*|W02-J|*This code is now discontinued but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 1996. From 1997 see T04-M02. See also S06 codes. Scanner computer interfacing details are covered by T01-C06 and image acquisition details are covered by T01-J10A codes.|
T04-F06|Current|(2007-    )|Miscellaneous input devices||Includes buttons and foot pads for input. See also V03 or U21 for details of device.|
T04-G|Retired|(    -2009)|Printers*|S06-D to S06-K|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D to K. Press/plate-type printers are in S06-C only. Includes all aspects of individual character and line printers. (Computer output interface details are in T01-C05A and T04-G10C). For facsimile applications see W02-J02B codes also.|Drive, feed, roll, copy, character, line, carriage, motor, head, record, word-processor
T04-G01|Retired|(1983-2009)|Impact*|S06-F|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-F. Includes mechanical action. Electromagnet and solenoid drive aspects are coded in V02-E02A also.|Armature, coil
T04-G01A|Retired|(1983-2009)|Dot printers*|S06-F01|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-F01.|Matrix, pin, wire, needle
T04-G01B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Using type*|S06-F02|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-F02. Self contained typewriters are in T04-G08.|Select, hammer, daisy-wheel, disc, step, font, typeface, golf-ball
T04-G01C|Retired|(    -2009)|Ribbon*|S06-F03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-F03. From 2005 includes printer ribbon re-inking, previously coded in T04-X.|Ink, cassette
T04-G02|Retired|(1983-2009)|Ink-jet*|S06-G|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G.|Liquid, dye, nozzle, resin, water, channel, drop, pressure, reservoir, eject, electrode, pulse
T04-G02A|Retired|(2002-2009)|Drop-on-demand*|S06-G01|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G01.|Thermal ink-jet, bubble, piezoelectric, ultrasound
T04-G02A1|Retired|(1983-2009)|Print head for ink jet drop-on-demand printer*|S06-G03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G03. Search together with T04-G11A for constructional and manufacturing.|Thermal ink-jet, bubble, piezoelectric, ultrasound
T04-G02B|Retired|(2002-2009)|Selective drop deflection*|S06-G02|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G02.|Charge, electrode, stream, gutter, continuous
T04-G02B1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Print head for selective drop deflection printer*|S06-G03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G03. Search together with T04-G11A for constructional and manufacturing.|Charge, electrode, stream, gutter, continuous
T04-G02C|Retired|(2002-2009)|Ink*|S06-G04|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G04.|
T04-G02D|Retired|(1997-2009)|Inkjet head cleaning and general maintenance of printhead*|S06-K06|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K06.|
T04-G02E|Retired|(2002-2009)|Recording media*|S06-G05|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G05. Includes pre-print application of liquid (not ink) to paper/ pre-treatment of paper for ink jet printing. See also X25-T09A for electrical details of paper manufacture.|Paper, fabrics, OHP sheet, recording pattern of LCD screen
T04-G02F|Retired|(2005-2009)|Refilling of ink cartridge*|S06-G06A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G06A.|
T04-G02G|Retired|(2005-2009)|Ink Chamber*|S06-G06|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G06. See also T04-G11 for chamber construction and T04-G02F for refilling ink in chamber. Previously coded as T04-G02. Code with T04-G02A1/T04-G02B1 for combined chamber and printhead details.|
T04-G02H|Retired|(2005-2009)|Post ink application processing*|S06-G07|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G07. Includes processes for treating ink after application using e.g. heat or UV light.|
T04-G02J|Retired|(1983-2009)|Applications of ink-jet printing technology*|S06-G10|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G10. Covers printing on non-paperlike media, e.g. CD (see also T03). Includes textile printing (see also X25-T04D), 3-D printing and other industrial applications using inkjet technology. Manufacturing LCD screens and filters (see also U14).|
T04-G03|Retired|(1992-2009)|Thermal*|S06-H|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-H. Includes thermal ink compositions and heat sensitive paper and ribbons.|transfer, thermosensitive
T04-G03A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Using thermally-sensitive paper*|S06-H01|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-H01.|
T04-G03A1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Composition of heat-sensitive layer*|S06-H01A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-H01A.|
T04-G03B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Using thermal ribbon*|S06-H02|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-H02. Includes use of thermal transfer sheets.|Cartridge
T04-G03B1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Thermal ink composition*|S06-H02A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-H02A. Includes composition and manufacture of thermal ink. If colour ink, see also T04-G07. Ink for inkjet printer is only coded under T04-G02C.|Dye
T04-G03C|Retired|(1983-2009)|Printhead details for thermal printer*|S06-H03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-H03. For thin-film resistor heads see also U14 codes, e.g. U14-H01B.|Printhead
T04-G04|Retired|(1992-2009)|Optical (incl. laser)*|S06-E|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E. For line projection onto photosensitive medium which is then electrophotographically developed, see S06-A03B also. If light deflection or modulation aspects are claimed, then see V07-K codes also. For facsimile see W02-J02B2. See S06-A04C codes for toner details.|toner, laser
T04-G04A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Optical system, and driving system*|S06-E03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E03.|
T04-G04A1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Optics (e.g. lenses and mirrors)*|S06-E03B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E03B.|Polygonal, galvanometer
T04-G04A2|Retired|(1992-2009)|Driving system*|S06-E03C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E03C. See also V06 codes for motor details.|Scan
T04-G04B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Printhead details, including light source*|S06-E03A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E03A. For LED heads see also U12-A01A3 or U12-A01A6.|Array, LED, shutter
T04-G04C|Retired|(1983-2009)|Photosensitive materials*|S06-E01|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E01. Includes photosenstive paper, photoconductive belt, drum, etc. Toner is coded under T04-G04 only. Constructional details are also coded under T04-G11A.|Photoconductor, belt, sheet
T04-G05|Retired|(1983-2009)|Electrode (e.g. electrosensitive/erosive)*|S06-J|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-J. Electrostatic printing using any means other than light for charging. For electrographic details (e.g. developing) see also S06-A codes. If not specifically for printing see also S02-K.|Electrostatic, dielectric, electrochromic, stylus
T04-G06|Retired|(1992-2009)|Sheet breadth control, carriage drive for sheet control*|S06-K03A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03A. Includes solenoids and motors, but not control circuitry, which is covered by T04-G10A, paper cutting.|Position, step, margin, tabulate, space, nip
T04-G06A|Retired|(2005-2009)|Media feeding*|S06-K02|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K02. See also S06-A12 codes if for copier, W02-J05A if for facsimile.|Line feed, paper
T04-G06B|Retired|(2006-2009)|Finishing apparatus*|S06-K05|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K05. Includes stapling, binding, laminating, etc. See also S06-A18 for copier apparatus, W02-J05B for fax and S06-C05 for industrial process. For devices independent of printer see T04-J02.|
T04-G06C|Retired|(    -2009)|Transferring image*|S06-K05|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K05. E.g. in ink jet printer - jetting onto substrate and then transfer to final substrate.|
T04-G06S|Retired|(1992-2009)|Shredding*|S06-K05C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K05C. Includes details of shredder integrated into printer, e.g. for automatically shredding confidential paper after paper jam.|
T04-G07|Retired|(1992-2009)|Colour printing*|S06-K01|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K01. See also S06-A11 codes if for copier, and W02-J04 if for facsimile.|CMYK
T04-G08|Retired|(    -2009)|Self contained typewriters and printing devices*|S06-K99A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K99A. Self contained typewriters, label printers, independent units, hand held printing devices|
T04-G09|Retired|(1992-2009)|Other printer types*|S06-K|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K. Includes magnetic (for magnetography see S06-A08 also) and Braille printers,(see S05-K, T04-X for other Braille aspects), electronic pen recorders.|
T04-G10|Retired|(1992-2009)|Control systems for printers*|S06-K07|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07. Does not include motors and solenoids for carriage and platen movement which are covered by T04-G06.|
T04-G10A|Retired|(2005-2009)|Internal control*|S06-K07A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A. Includes control circuitry, power management.|
T04-G10A1|Retired|(1992-2009)|User input and display*|S06-K07A1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A1. Includes mode selection keys, etc. See also S06-A14A if for copier and W02-J03A4 if for facsimile.|
T04-G10C|Retired|(1992-2009)|Interface*|S06-K07C2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C2. Also coded in T01-C05A.|Serial, parallel, Centronics, RS232
T04-G10E|Retired|(2005-2009)|Control from outside printer*|S06-K07C1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C1. See also S06-A14E if for copier, see T01-C05A for output to printer, T01-H05A for print drivers and T01-J08F for diagnostic aspects of any peripheral equipment. Network printers will also require other T01 codes.|Network printer, print driver
T04-G10E1|Retired|(2006-2009)|Print Job/Queue*|S06-K07C1A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C1A. See also T01-C05A/T01-C05A1 for output to printer and T01-H05A for print drivers.|
T04-G10F|Retired|(2007-2009)|Management of confidential / secure documents e.g. prevention of illegal copying*|S06-K07A3|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A3. Prevention of illegal printing of private documents, etc, recognizing or printing copy prevention mark on documents, output to authorised operator. See S06-A14F if for copier, W02-J03C6 if for facsimile, T01 for image processing aspects, and T05-J for testing of securities, banknotes, etc.|
T04-G10G|Retired|(2005-2009)|Monitoring of printing*|S06-K07B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07B. Search together with T04-G10A or T04-G10E for details of where the monitoring takes place (internal or external). See also S06-A14B for copiers, and W02-J03A5 for facsimiles.|
T04-G11|Retired|(2005-2009)|General Construction*|S06-K03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03. See also codes for printer type e.g. T04-G02 for inkjet printer, etc.|
T04-G11A|Retired|(2005-2009)|Construction and manufacturing details of printer*|S06-K03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03. Includes mechanical details, manufacture and manufacturing apparatus. See also S06-A19 codes if for copier. See T04-L01/L05 prior to 2005|
T04-G11B|Retired|(    -2009)|Recycling Systems*|S06-K04|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K04. See also S06-A17 for copier, and/or W02-J05D for facsimile. See also X25-W04 for electrical aspects of recycling systems in general.|
T04-H|Current||Visual display units||Includes displays for computer related equipment such as for laptops and PDA's (personal digital assistants) and portable game consoles (e.g. Nintendo DS(RTM), Sony PSP(RTM)).|Screen, video, cursor, terminal, processor, VDU, graphic, line, monitor
T04-H01|Current||CRT control arrangements||For CRT per se see V05-D codes. CRT TV display aspects are covered by W03-A08A codes.|Image, deflect, raster, pixel
T04-H01A|Current||For single beam tubes|||
T04-H01A1|Current|(1983-    )|Character and stroke generators|||Pattern, vector
T04-H01B|Current||For storage, colour or other tubes|||Beam index, beam penetration
T04-H01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Colour|||
T04-H02|Retired|(    -2010)|Plotters*||*This code is now discontinued. See S06-K99E from 2011. For computer interface per-se see T01-C05B also.|Record, pen, drive, motor, X-Y, chart, curve, draw, mark
T04-H03|Current|(1980-    )|Arrangements for other visual indicators||Includes LED, LCD element drive arrangements. Display arrangements in general are in W05-E codes also. Plasma displays per se are coded in V05-A codes also.|Gas discharge, optical, panel, number, alphanumeric, character, symbol
T04-H03A|Current|(1983-    )|For single character|||Seven segment, decoder, segment
T04-H03B|Current|(1983-    )|For several characters, e.g. matrix||From 2005 all display types (except LED) will not be coded in this section without novel details of the matrix array.|Row, column, driver, address
T04-H03C|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type|||
T04-H03C1|Current|(1992-    )|LED||See also U12-A01A.|
T04-H03C1A|Retired|(1997-2009)|Driver circuitry*||*This code is now discontinued, see T04-H03F together with T04-H03C1 from 2010. See also U12-A01A5B for array or U12-A01A5A for single LED.|
T04-H03C2|Current||LCD||See also U14-K01.|Liquid crystal, ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, deformed helical ferroelectric
T04-H03C2A|Retired|(1997-2009)|Driver circuitry*||*This code is now discontinued. See T04-H03F together with T04-H03C2 from 2010. See also U14-K01A3.|
T04-H03C3|Current||Electroluminescent||See also U14-J03.|
T04-H03C3A|Retired|(1997-2009)|Driver circuitry*||*This code is now discontinued. See T04-H03F together with T04-H03C3 from 2010. See also U14-J03.|
T04-H03C4|Current||Plasma display panel||See also V05 codes.|
T04-H03C4A|Retired|(1997-2009)|Driver circuitry*||*This code is now discontinued. See T04-H03F together with T04-H03C4 from 2010. See also V05-A01G.|
T04-H03C5|Current||Field emission display|||
T04-H03C5A|Retired|(2002-2009)|Field emission display driver circuitry*||*This code is now discontinued. See T04-H03F together with T04-H03C5 from 2010. See also V05.|
T04-H03C6|Current||Digital micromirror display||See also V07 for mirror control.|
T04-H03C6A|Retired|(2002-2009)|Digital micromirror display driver circuitry*||*This code is now discontinued. See T04-H03F together with T04-H03C6 from 2010.|
T04-H03C7|Current||Electrophoretic display||Based on electrophoresis effect, microencapsulated EPD, partition-type EPD, charged particle display, electrochromatic display, electrostatic display.|
T04-H03C7A|Retired|(2006-2009)|Electrophoretic display driver circuitry*||*This code is now discontinued. See T04-H03F together with T04-H03C3 from 2010.|
T04-H03C8|Current|(2007-    )|Interference based MEMS display||See also U12-B03F1 and V06-M06G.|
T04-H03C9|Current|(1992-    )|Other display types||Includes Braille type displays. Braille printers are coded under T04-G09.|Head mounted display
T04-H03D|Current|(1992-    )|Back lighting for displays||See also X26-U04A.|Illuminate
T04-H03E|Current|(2005-    )|Projectors||See also W04-Q01 for novel projector details, projectors don't receive any other T04-H codes.|
T04-H03F|Current|(2010-    )|Driver circuitry||Search together with other T04-H02 codes as appropriate to denote application of driver circuitry.|
T04-H03M|Current|(2008-    )|Multi-display system|||
T04-H04|Current|(2005-    )|Construction and manufacturing/testing details of display||Covers display housings, casings, stands, supports, wiring components, etc. previously coded in T04-L. Does not include details of the display elements per se which are covered by the relevant class (e.g. U14 for LCD). Search with other T04-H codes for display types.|
T04-H06|Current|(2007-    )|Stereoscopic and 3D displays|||
T04-J|Current||Conveying record carriers between stations||Including computer paper perforation and sprocket details, collators and sorting apparatus. For digitally marked record carriers see T04-A05 from 2005. See also S06-C05 and X25-F02A.|Guide, position, web, card, document
T04-J01|Current|(1992-    )|Media feeding||See T04-G06A for paper feeding in printer, T04-K02C1 for smart card feeding, and T04-A05 for card feeding.|Transport, path
T04-J02|Current|(1992-    )|Collating, sorting|||Sort, staple
T04-K|Current|(1987-    )|Smart media e.g. cards incorporating integrated circuit memory etc.||Includes reading aspects. Constructional details are coded in U11/U14 as appropriate. See also under application (T05, W05, W06 or X25). For protective coatings see V04-R03E. See also X25-F08 if details of the actual attachment of the tag (e.g. RFID tag) to an item.|IC, memory, contactless, smart paper
T04-K01|Current|(1992-    )|Card||Includes all construction aspects of smart media.|Key, IC
T04-K01A|Current|(2006-    )|Circuitry, inc. encapsulation||For construction and manufacturing of the circuitry aspects of smart media. See also U11, U14 and V04 for details.|
T04-K01B|Current|(2006-    )|General construction details||For all aspects of smart media construction/manufacture except circuitry which is coded in T04-K01A.|
T04-K01C|Current|(2007-    )|Antenna||See also W02-B codes as well as V04-G06 for PCB details and U13 for integrated circuit details.|
T04-K02|Current|(1992-    )|Reading and writing aspects||Including smart card feed/conveying. See also T01-H01B3A. See also W02-C02G7 (near-field radio) or W02-G05 (transponder) for non-contact details.|PCMCIA, contact, non-contact
T04-K02A|Current|(2006-    )|Contact|||
T04-K02B|Current|(2006-    )|Non-contact||Covers non-contact reading/writing, physical details of the non-contact system only should be covered in K01 and/or K03. For example the construction of the antenna in a transponder is T04-K01C and T04-K03B and would not be included here unless a communication aspect is also described. See also W02-C02G7 (smart cards) and W02-G05 codes (transponders and tags).|
T04-K02C|Current|(2006-    )|Reading/Writing apparatus||Includes details of circuits, interface, etc. Non-electrical constructional details go under T04-K02C2.|
T04-K02C1|Current|(2006-    )|Feeding mechanisms||Prior to 2006 see T04-J.|
T04-K02C2|Current|(2007-    )|Constructional details of card reader/writer||Includes non-electrical constructional details such as housing and mountings. Details of circuits, connectors, interfaces, etc. go under T04-K02C.|
T04-K02C3|Current|(2010-    )|Control, circuitry of card reader/writer|||
T04-K03|Current|(2006-    )|Media type||Codes used to highlight the type of media used. Search together with other T04-K codes as required.|
T04-K03A|Current|(2006-    )|Smart card|||
T04-K03B|Current|(2006-    )|RFID/transponder|||
T04-K03C|Current|(2006-    )|Paper/cardboard|||
T04-K03D|Current|(2006-    )|Memory card/stick|||
T04-K03D1|Current|(2006-    )|USB Memory stick|||
T04-K04|Current|(2006-    )|Security||All security aspects including physical protection of the hardware, encryption (see also T01-D01) and fraud protection (previously coded T01-H01C1).|
T04-K05|Current|(2012-    )|Testing smart media||For security aspects see T04-K04|
T04-L|Current|(1987-    )|Constructional details of peripheral and ancillary equipment|T04-X|Includes construction of peripheral equipment not covered by T04-F01B, T04-F02C, T04-G11 or T04-H04. Computer housing and constructional details are covered by T01-L02. See also V04-T and V04-S.|
T04-L01|Current|(1987-    )|Casings, cabinets||Housing, stand, support. Furniture aspects of 'electronic office' are coded in T04-L07 from 1992.|Adjust, position, angle, stand, hinges
T04-L02|Current|(2005-    )|Power supply arrangements for peripheral equipment||See also U24 and X12.|
T04-L05|Current|(1987-    )|General constructional details||Includes mounting of PCB's, components, leads, rails, leverage system, etc.|
T04-L07|Current|(1992-    )|Furniture aspects of 'electronic office'|T04-L01|Includes furniture aspects. See also T01-L02 for furniture specifically for computer.|Desk, cable, chair, flooring
T04-L08|Current|(2012-    )|Cleaning of computer and peripheral devices|||
T04-L09|Current|(1987-    )|Constructional details of peripheral and ancillary equipment - other||Accessories, mouse mat, arm rest, theft alarm - cross reference to W05, document stand.|Filter, screen, antistatic, theft alarm, mouse mats, arm rest, attachments, protective cover
T04-M|Current|(1992-    )|(Digitiser) scanner for computer input|W02-J|See S06-D only for scanning arrangements for image forming devices.|
T04-M01|Current|(1997-    )|2D scanner, incl. flat bed scanner||See also T04-D codes for image processing aspects, S06 as appropriate, and T01-C06 for computer interfacing details. Details of 3D printing technology are also coded under X25-A08.|
T04-M02|Current|(1997-    )|Hand-held scanner|T04-F04|Includes hand-held bar-code scanner (see also T04-A03B1). Prior to 1997, hand scanners for computer input were coded under T04-F05 (now discontinued). Details of 3D printing technology are also coded under X25-A08.|
T04-M03|Current|(2010-    )|Construction and manufacturing details of scanners|T04-M|Includes details of casing, framework and internal mounting arrangements of components and modules. Details of 3D printing technology are also coded under X25-A08.|Frames, glass, sheet, PCB
T04-M04|Current|(2010-    )|Control circuitry of scanners|T04-M|Includes internal control and power management. Details of 3D printing technology are also coded under X25-A08.|Control, circuit, power supply
T04-M05|Current|(2016-    )|3D scanner||Details of 3D printing technology are also coded under X25-A08.|
T04-N|Current|(2012-    )|Audio input/output||Includes speakers, headphones and microphones specifically for computer applications.|
T04-P|Current|(1997-    )|Drive for computer input||External drive unit, see also T03.|
T04-X|Current||Miscellaneous||Includes card case/wallet (see also T03), office automation, cleaning appt. for computer peripherals, computer equipment for handicapped people (see also S05-K, and for Braille printer see also T04-G09), and maintenance equipment, shredder, electric stapler and general packaging specifically for office equipment.|
T05|Current||Counting, checking, vending, ATM and POS systems|||
T05-A|Current||Counting objects||Counting of coins or banknotes is covered by T05-L07. Vehicle counting is covered by T07-A01C.|
T05-A01|Current||On conveyor||For electrical conveyor aspects see X25-F01 codes.|Production line, manufacture, process, monitor
T05-A02|Current||In stack or randomly distributed|||Sheet, card, lamina, pile
T05-B|Current||Counting mechanisms||Includes mechanical, electromechanical, and electronic arrangements. These codes are not used for counting circuits in general, which are covered by U21-D codes. T05-B codes are used for counting devices per se which may be used to count objects, events, units of distance travelled, etc. For some non-electronic applications see:|
T05-B01|Current||Counters with additional facilities||Includes arrangements for performing an operation at predetermined count. For tape recorder see T03-J05A and W04-H03 also.|
T05-C|Current||Ticket-issuing, fare-registering, franking apparatus||For electrical printing aspects see T04-G codes also.|Meter, memory, transport, vehicle
T05-C01|Current|(1992-    )|Ticket and receipt issuing||Includes label printing devices. See T05-H codes as appropriate for payment-operated systems and T05-K02 for mail delivery. See S06 for printing aspects.|Bill, invoice, slip, cut, separate, pass, toll, mark, perforate
T05-C03|Current|(1992-    )|Fare registering||Includes taximeters (see also T05-G01 and X22-E05 for electrical aspects) and charge indicating aspects of vehicle toll systems (see T05-C01 for ticket issuing aspects and T05-D02 for monitoring aspects).|Distance, time, rate
T05-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Franking apparatus||Includes all aspects of franking equipment, such as registering of credit, security, and control. See also T01 codes e.g. T01-J05A1 for financial data processing systems, and S02-D codes for weighing. Sorting of mail is not included - see T05-K02.|Postage, meter, rate, reset, verify, stamp
T05-D|Current||Individual entry or exit registers||Includes systems for control and recording of access. See W05-B01 codes for intruder alarm aspects and X25-M codes for locks.|Identify, pass, code, enter, security, authorise, door, gate, checkpoint
T05-D01|Current|(1992-    )|For personnel control||Turnstiles per se are coded in T05-D01X.|Restricted area, banking, lobby, automatic teller/transaction machine, ATM
T05-D01A|Current|(1992-    )|With card or badge access||See T05-H02 codes as appropriate for card-freed aspects in payment-based systems, see T04 for record carry types and W02-G for transponders. Includes checking/validating ticket or pre-paid card|Data, optical, magnetic, barcode, record, carrier, transponder, token
T05-D01A1|Current|(2005-    )|With portable electronic device||Covers the use of a mobile device, e.g. PDA or mobile phone as the record carrier. See also W05-D08C and W05-D06G for remote control aspects|
T05-D01B|Current|(1992-    )|With human characteristic detection||Includes e.g. finger or palm-print analysis by pattern recognition (see S05-D01C5A and T04-D codes also), and voice recognition (see W04-V codes also).|Recognise, ID, face, feature, retina, voiceprint
T05-D01X|Current|(1992-    )|For personnel control - other||Includes turnstiles per se, toll-gate, barrier control, adjustable entry gate. Structural details|Stadium, arena
T05-D02|Current|(1992-    )|For vehicles||Includes toll systems, automatic fee charging system while entering/exiting motorway. See also T05-C01 and T05-C03 respectively for ticket/card issuing and charge indicating aspects. For automatic vehicle identification see T07-A03. See W02-C and W05-D for communication aspects.|
T05-E|Current||Checking occurrence of condition||Includes pass/fail test in e.g. production line manufacturing process. Also for lottery or bingo games. Audible or visible signalling for industrial aspects refer to W05-A.|Identify, compare, inspect, authorisation, entry
T05-F|Current||Voting and lottery appts; generating random numbers||See T01-E04 for digital random number generators, and U22-A01A for random pulse generators.|Game, select, display, bingo, card, ticket, ballot, cast, majority, register, betting
T05-G|Current||Registering/indicating|||Display, record, register, measure, indicate, monitor, check
T05-G01|Current||Vehicle working||Includes on-board distance and operation recording equipment which is also coded in X22 when electrical. For taximeters see also X22-E05, (fare-indicating aspects are also covered by T05-C03). For tachographs see also X22-E05 and S02-K05/S02-K06 codes for chart recorder details, T01-H01B3 codes for electronic data storage in memory modules.|Tachograph, fuel, speed, tacho-generator, taximeter
T05-G02|Current||Machine working||Includes systems and apparatus monitoring the operation of a single machine or a group of machines, e.g. in a manufacturing environment. For computer-aided manufacturing aspects see T01-J07B also.|Safety, press, tool, factory, automation, FA, CAM, QC, quality control, idle time, down time
T05-G02A|Current|(1992-    )|For maintenance||Includes operation cycle counters and logging arrangements to determine maintenance intervals, remaining lifetime, etc.|Log, maintain, repair, recondition
T05-G02B|Current|(1992-    )|Production line process monitoring||Remote monitoring of measured values in general is covered by W05-D codes.|Work-area, workstation, track, conveyor, materials handling, truck
T05-G02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Using record carrier attached to workpiece||Includes arrangements to identify workpiece, manufactured item, etc., using e.g. barcode, magnetic label, or other passive record carrier (See T04 codes also, e.g. T04-A03B1 for optical barcode reading). Transponder systems are covered by T05-G02B1A.|Ferromagnetic, magnetise, electrostatic, light, IR, UV, visible, human-readable, pattern recognition
T05-G02B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Transponder interrogation systems||Covers systems using an electronic 'tag' attached to workpiece, manufactured item, etc., which can be interrogated by a central station, or equipment at a particular workstation. Interrogation-based systems of this type are also coded in W06-A04B5, and details of transponders per se in W02-G05 codes.|
T05-G03|Current||Time of events||Time measurement in general is covered in S04. This code is used for arrangements to monitor both the time at which events occur and also their duration (see S04-C03 and S04-E codes also). It includes timing for sporting events (see W04-X01 codes for electrical aspects) e.g. lap time recording systems, start and finish times, etc., and also registering systems for employee attendance, time and motion study, etc.|Clock, clock in, period, elapsed time, night watchman, security, patrol, race, photo-finish, trigger, actuate, work study
T05-G03A|Current|(1992-    )|Parking meter||See T05-H codes also for coin- or card payment aspects. Parking control systems are covered by T07-F.|Vehicle, bay, credit, reset
T05-H|Current||Coin-, token-, or card-freed appts||This section deals with direct or indirect payment-based arrangements for dispensing, or providing services. Dispensing involving volume measurement is covered by S02-C04 codes. Documents are assigned T05-H codes either by virtue of G07F IPC, which may involve inventions without electrical aspects, or based on their electrical content. In the latter case, X25-F03 codes may also be assigned e.g. X25-F03B1 for food/drink vending machines. T05-H codes may be assigned for any payment-based provision of goods or services, and hence codes for the particular application should also be searched.|Vending, slot, dispense, cash, denomination, insert, automat, unattended
T05-H01|Current||Coin-actuated mechanisms; interlocks||Includes mechanical and electrical systems. See T05-H03 for coin testing/sorting aspects.|Lock, release, activate, chute, lever, switch
T05-H02|Current||Equipment actuated by objects other than coins||Codes in this section are used with other T05-H codes as appropriate.|
T05-H02A|Current|(1992-    )|Actuated by banknote|||
T05-H02B|Current|(1992-    )|Actuated by token|||
T05-H02C|Current|(1992-    )|Actuated by record carrier||Includes card-operated systems e.g. with data stored in magnetic strip or electronically. See also T04, e.g. T04-A03 codes.|Card
T05-H02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Using dedicated record carrier||Includes e.g. telephone card, pre-paid card not usable for other purposes. (See also T05-H05C and W01-C07A codes)|
T05-H02C3|Current|(1992-    )|Using non-dedicated record carrier||Includes use of credit/debit banking card and multi-purpose pre-paid card.|Charge, account
T05-H02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type of carrier||Codes in this section are used to indicate system type only, and not necessarily novel aspects.|
T05-H02C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic card||See T04-C01 also for card per se, and T04-A03A for reading aspects.|
T05-H02C5B|Current|(1992-    )|Optical card||See T04-C02 also for card per se, and T04-A03B codes for reading aspects.|
T05-H02C5C|Current|(1992-    )|Smart card, IC card||Integrated circuit memory cards per se are coded in T04-K01. For reading/writing aspects see T04-K02 and T01-H01B3A also. For non-contact type see also W02.|
T05-H02C5X|Current|(1992-    )|Types of carrier - other|||
T05-H02D|Current|(2005-    )|Actuated by mobile device||For equipment actuated by fund or credit transfer from mobile telephone devices or portable computing devices, via e.g. cellular phone network, Internet, Bluetooth(r) or local wireless network. See W01-C and T01-N01A1 and T01-M06A1, T05-L02 codes.|
T05-H02E|Current|(1992-    )|Reverse vending, e.g. for returnable container||Includes arrangement returning deposit on receipt of one or more containers. Returnable-deposit systems for supermarket trolleys are covered by T05-H05A1.|Recycle, returnable, carton, box, bottle, can, crusher, deposit
T05-H02X|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment actuated by objects other than coins - other|||
T05-H03|Current||Coin testing or sorting appts. combined with coin-freed apparatus||Includes analogous testing arrangements for token- or banknote-freed systems. Includes change giving mechanism. See also codes in S03 for e.g. optical, magnetic testing etc. and T04-D codes for pattern recognition aspects.|Select, reject, validate
T05-H04|Current||Appts. dispensing discrete articles||Includes packaged items such as canned beverages, but arrangements dispensing liquids into cups are covered by T05-H06.|Select, storage, vending, cigarette, confectionery, newspaper, contraceptive, cool, chill, refrigerate, ticket
T05-H04A|Current|(1992-    )|Involving heating/cooking||See also X25-F03B1 and X27-C for cooking aspects. Payment-freed cooking/heating appts. for food supplied by customer is covered by T05-H05. For patents involving heating and cooling, only T05-H04 is applied. See also X25-B for electrical details of heating systems per se.|Microwave, IR, grill, conveyor, oven, meal
T05-H04B|Current|(2011-    )|Involving cooling/freezing||For patents involving heating and cooling, only T05-H04 is applied. See also X27-F for refrigeration.|
T05-H05|Current||Appts. for hiring articles, coin-freed facilities, and services|||
T05-H05A|Current|(1992-    )|Article hiring apparatus|||Video, tape-cassette, sports equipment
T05-H05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Returning payment or part payment on return of article||Includes supermarket trolley with coin-freed lock. (Reverse vending encouraging return of containers is covered by T05-H02E).|Deposit, unlock, chain, free
T05-H05C|Current|(1992-    )|Payment-freed provision of services||Includes payment of parking meters (see T05-G03A also) and public telephones (see W01-C07A codes also). Automatic banking machines are coded in T05-H02 codes for card/note accepting aspects and in T05-L03 codes.|Prepayment, call box, left luggage, locker, launderette, washing machine, dryer, lighting, illumination, commentary, toilet, cable, television subscription, car wash
T05-H05E|Current|(1992-    )|Payment-freed amusement and entertainment systems||See W04-X02A also for electrical aspects of gaming machines and W04-X03A1 also for jukeboxes. See also T01-J30B for video game machines.|Gambling, prize, reward, award, win, lose, skill, AWP, amusement-with-prizes, slot machine, pinball, pachinko
T05-H06|Current||Appts. dispensing fluids, granular material or electricity||Includes quantity and tariff adjustment. Meter rental charges. Electricity consumption meters are also assigned S01-B codes. Dispensing of canned drinks is covered by T05-H04.|Beverage, sachet, ingredients, powder, mix, liquid, meter, pump, water
T05-H08|Current|(1992-    )|General details of vending and analogous appts||Codes in this section are used alone, or with other T05-H codes as appropriate.|
T05-H08A|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details|||Housing, mounting, casing, support, reinforce, door, access, lock, maintain, refill, cashbox
T05-H08C|Current|(1992-    )|Control systems||See also T01 where significant control aspects are included.|Microprocessor, computer, logic, monitor, fault, alarm, antitheft
T05-H08C1|Current|(2005-    )|Control from outside unit||Covers control, management and monitoring of payment freed devices from an external unit such as a central server. Includes inventory monitoring for vending machines (see also T01-J05A2D), control of multiple gambling machines in casino (see also W04-X02A8).|Microprocessor, computer, logic, monitor, fault, alarm, antitheft
T05-J|Current||Testing coins or valuable papers||Testing of coins or banknotes in e.g. vending machines is covered by T05-H03.|Banknote, denomination, value, counterfeit, currency, reject, validate
T05-K|Current||Sorting and delivering||See X25-F06 also for electrical aspects of sorting in general.|Conveyor, select, separate, divert, channel, grade, evaluate, compare
T05-K01|Current|(1983-    )|Coins and tokens||See T05-H03 for coin-sorting aspects of coin-freed appts. Includes change giving apparatus and coin wrapping (see T05-L09 also).|
T05-K02|Current|(1983-    )|Valuable papers (including mail)||Franking equipment is covered by T05-C05.|Banknote, dispense, bank, note, sheet, feed, envelope, letter, post, postcode
T05-K05|Current|(1992-    )|Objects on conveyor, and manufactured objects|||
T05-K09|Current|(1992-    )|Sorting and delivering - other|||
T05-L|Current||Point-of-sale equipment, EFT, and other currency handling systems|||Cash, bill, note, coin, banking, reject, refund, dispense
T05-L01|Current|(1992-    )|Point of sale equipment||Checkout antitheft alarms are coded in W05 only, e.g. W05-B01A codes.|POS, shop, store, retail
T05-L01A|Current|(1992-    )|Cash register||See also T01-J05A1 for processing aspects|ECR, till drawer, key, lock, receipt, paper roll, printer, display, calculate, processor
T05-L01B|Current|(1992-    )|Card reader||Includes credit/debit card reading system. See also T05-H02D codes and T05-L02 for electronic funds transfer aspects.|EFT, EFTPOS, wipe, swipe, terminal, validate
T05-L01C|Current|(1992-    )|Product code reader||For both checkout and inventory purposes.|Scan, laser, polygon, mirror, orient, decode, format, check, portable, data terminal
T05-L01C1|Current|(2006-    )|Using bar code||See also T04-A03B1 for bar code reading in general.|
T05-L01C3|Current|(2006-    )|Using RFID/transponder||See also T04-K and W02 for RFID/transponders in general.|
T05-L01C9|Current|(2006-    )|Other||Includes image recognition of item (see T04-D).|
T05-L01D|Current|(1992-    )|Data transfer and network aspects||Includes networks linking cash registers and central computer. See also T01 and W01-A06 codes.|LAN, WAN, local area, wide area, bus, loop, ring, interconnect, interface
T05-L01E|Current|(2005-    )|POS weighing scales||See T05-L01X prior to 2005. See also S02 for weighing apparatus in general.|Scales, weigh
T05-L01F|Current|(2005-    )|Electronically addressed shelf edge display||Coded as T05-L01X prior to 2005.|
T05-L01H|Current|(2006-    )|POS printers|||
T05-L01X|Current|(1992-    )|POS equipment or systems - other|||Conveyor, automatic packing, price
T05-L02|Current|(1992-    )|Electronic funds transfer||Includes all aspects of EFT. Telephone line data transmission aspects are also coded in W01-C05B3C. Computer/Internet aspects are also coded T01-N01A1.|
T05-L03|Current|(1992-    )|Cash dispensing and depositing machines||Includes automatic teller machines.|Bank, terminal, banknote, card, ATM
T05-L03A|Current|(1992-    )|Cash-handling aspects||See T05-K02 for banknote sorting/delivering in general.|
T05-L03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Cash-receiving|||Deposit, envelope
T05-L03A5|Current|(1992-    )|Cash dispensing|||
T05-L03C|Current|(1992-    )|Security and control||See T05-H02 codes for card operated access system details, and T05-D01 codes for control of access to enclosure.|Lobby
T05-L03C1|Current|(1992-    )|General control system||Includes display arrangements and selection keys.|Microprocessor, computer, controller, program
T05-L03C5|Current|(1992-    )|Security system aspects|||Authorise, validate, personal identification number, PIN
T05-L03E|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details||Includes internal details such as component mounting, and also housing, reinforcement, etc.|Casing, support, bezel, escutcheon, display filter
T05-L05|Current|(1992-    )|Cashboxes, strongboxes, safes, moneyboxes||See W05-B01 codes for theft/burglar alarms.|
T05-L05A|Current|(1992-    )|Strongboxes, safes|||Lock, combination, tumbler, time delay, release
T05-L05B|Current|(1992-    )|Personal moneybox, coin holders|||
T05-L07|Current|(1992-    )|Coin and note counting|||
T05-L09|Current|(1992-    )|Point-of-sale equipment, EFT, and other currency handling systems - other|||Coin wrapping, minting
T06|Current||Process and machine control|||
T06-A|Current||General control systems||This code is used for systems for regulating specific variables which are more generally applicable.|
T06-A01|Current||Comparing elements||Includes electric analogue and digital comparators. General electronic comparators are coded in U22-A04D5.|Error detectors
T06-A02|Current||Anti-hunting and internal feedback arrangements||Includes electric and fluidic antihunting measures; electric and fluidic feedback to obtain proportional, integral and differential characteristics. See also T06-A06A9 for PID control per se.|PI, PD, PID
T06-A03|Current||Obtaining smooth (dis)engagement of automatic control; safety arrangements||Includes both electric and fluidic arrangements.|
T06-A04|Current||Programme-control systems|||
T06-A04A|Current||Numerical controllers|||NC
T06-A04A1|Current||Using measuring device|||
T06-A04A2|Current||Characterised by computer; with central computer controlling several NC machines||See T01-F06 for CNC-related microprocessing.|CNC, computerised numerical controller
T06-A04A2A|Current|(1997-    )|Total factory control||For central factory control not using NC systems, see T06-A04B7.|FA, DNC, Direct/distributed numerical controller
T06-A04A3|Current|(1997-    )|Positioning or contouring control systems||Also includes tool centring, measuring workpiece for machining, backlash and other types of error compensation, and control of velocity, etc.|
T06-A04A4|Current|(1997-    )|Machine data input and handling arrangements||Includes NC systems where form of data input is the characterising feature e.g. manual data input, generating data from the drawing, or using design data from a CAD/CAM system. Also includes reading, buffering or conversion of data.|
T06-A04A5|Current|(1997-    )|Using tool path interpolation|||
T06-A04A6|Current|(1997-    )|Monitoring and safety systems||See also T06-A03 and T06-A08 for general safety and monitoring systems, respectively.|
T06-A04A9|Current||Numerical controller aspects - other||Includes open loop systems.|
T06-A04B|Current||Non-numerical|||
T06-A04B1|Current|(1997-    )|Sequence or logic controller||Also includes programmable logic controllers. See also T01-F06 for program control arrangements e.g. using stored programs, such as in PLC, for control of computer peripheral. For general safety and monitoring systems, see T06-A03 and T06-A08, respectively.|PLC, relay ladder, graph set processing
T06-A04B3|Current|(1997-    )|Fluidic control systems|||
T06-A04B5|Current|(1997-    )|Recording and playback/teaching systems|||
T06-A04B7|Current|(1997-    )|Total central control of factory||For central factory control using NC systems, see T06-A04A2A.|FMS, Flexible manufacturing system, CIM, computer integrated manufacturing, multi-machine control, IMS, integrated manufacturing system
T06-A05|Current||Adaptive (optimum) control systems|||
T06-A05A|Current|(1992-    )|Artificial intelligence-based systems||Includes expert-, rule-, or knowledge-based systems. See also T01-J16 codes.|AI, KBE, rule acquisition, inference engine, heuristic rules
T06-A05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Fuzzy control||See also T01-J16B.|
T06-A05C|Current|(2007-    )|Using algorithms||Includes adaptive control systems using algorithms to optimise system performance. E.g. includes control algorithms used in washing machines (see also X27-D01A5) to optimise wash cycle based on sensed parameters such as weight of clothes, temperature etc.|
T06-A06|Current||Automatic controllers|||
T06-A06A|Current||Electric|||
T06-A06A1|Current||(Dis)continuous controllers|||
T06-A06A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Continuous|T06-A06A3|Output of controller is continuous function of deviation from desired value. See T06-A06A3 for records from 1983 to 1991.|
T06-A06A1D|Current|(1992-    )|Discontinuous|T06-A06A5|Output of controller is discontinuous function of deviation from desired value e.g. two or multi-step controllers. See T06-A06A5 for records from 1983 to 1991.|
T06-A06A2|Current||With output pulse-train signal; with multiple inputs and outputs||Includes systems where the output of controller is pulse-height, -width, or frequency-modulated; multiple inputs obtained from more than one sensor and outputs applied to more than one correcting element.|
T06-A06A3|Retired|(1983-1991)|Continuous*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to T06-A06A1A from 1992 onwards to indicate its proper hierarchical relationship to T06-A06A1. It is still searchable and valid for records of 1983 to 1991.|
T06-A06A5|Retired|(1983-1991)|Discontinuous*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to T06-A06A1D from 1992 onwards to indicate its proper hierarchical relationship to T06-A06A1. It is still searchable and valid for records of 1983 to 1991.|
T06-A06A9|Current||Electric automatic controllers - other||Includes arrangements to obtain PID and proportional, integral, or differential characteristics.|
T06-A06B|Current||Pneumatic or hydraulic only|||
T06-A07|Current||Computer controlled systems; systems using models|||
T06-A07A|Current|(1992-    )|Computer-controlled systems||This code is used together with other codes only if substantial computing details are disclosed. For example, CNC machine tool motor control systems would be coded only in T06-A04A. See also|CAE, CAI, CAM
T06-A07A1|Current|(1992-    )|Distributed control systems|||
T06-A07B|Current|(1992-    )|Systems using models|||
T06-A08|Current||Testing and monitoring control systems|||
T06-A10|Current|(1992-    )|Sampled-variable control systems|T06-A20||
T06-A11|Current|(1997-    )|Control systems-related (data) communications arrangements||See also W01-A06 codes for data communications in general. RF type communications are in W02 and transmission systems for measurement and control systems are covered by W05-D codes. Only used when 'control' data is being communicated.|MAP
T06-A20|Current||General control systems aspects - other||Includes open-loop automatic control systems; general constructional details of controllers e.g. control boards or racks for electronic controllers (see V04-T codes for electronic equipment constructional features).|
T06-B|Current||Control of non-electric variables||Includes normally documents with the G05D IPC, or those with substantial electrical content but no relevant provision elsewhere in EPI, e.g. flow control. Does not cover automotive vehicle controllers like torque (see X22-A03D instead), etc. unless G05D is applied.|
T06-B01|Current||Vehicle position, course, altitude or attitude||For aircraft flight controllers, see W06-B01A5.|
T06-B01A|Current||Position or course in two dimensions||Includes vehicles using near-field transmission system e.g. having buried conductors in floor etc. (see W02-C02 also).|Steering, tracking, robotic vehicles, navigation
T06-B01B|Current||Altitude or attitude; target seeking control||See W07-A codes also for missile guidance.|Aircraft, flight, satellite
T06-B01X|Current||Vehicle position/course control - other||Includes 3-dimensional position or course control.|
T06-B02|Current||Position or direction|||
T06-B02A|Current||Without feedback|||
T06-B02B|Current||With feedback|||
T06-B03|Current||Material dimensions|||
T06-B04|Current||Flow|||
T06-B04A|Current||Without auxiliary power|||
T06-B04B|Current||Using electric means|||
T06-B04X|Current||Flow controller - other|||
T06-B05|Current||Level|||
T06-B06|Current||Chemical or physico-chemical variables|||
T06-B07|Current||Humidity; viscosity; light intensity||Only used for general or non-specific control systems. For illumination control/light dimming see X26-C codes only, for controlling light intensity of display see appropriate U14, W05 etc. display codes only, and for humidifiers per se see X27-E01B2 only.|
T06-B08|Current||Ratio|||
T06-B08A|Current||Of two or more fluid flows|||
T06-B08A1|Current||Electrical|||
T06-B08A9|Current||Ratio control with(out) auxiliary power - other|||
T06-B08X|Current||Ratio control - other|||
T06-B09|Current||Speed; acceleration|||
T06-B09A|Current||Without auxiliary power; with auxiliary non-electric power|||
T06-B09B|Current||Using electric means|||
T06-B10|Current||Mechanical force or stress|||
T06-B11|Old|(1980-2014|Fluid pressure|||
T06-B11|Current|(2015-    )|Fluid/Gas pressure|||
T06-B11A|Current||Without auxiliary power|||
T06-B11X|Current||Fluid pressure control - other|||
T06-B12|Current||Torque; mechanical power; mechanical oscillations|||
T06-B13|Current||Temperature||Control of electric heaters is in X25-B04, central heating control in X27-E01A.|Thermostats
T06-B13A|Current||Without auxiliary power|||
T06-B13B|Current||Using electric means|||
T06-B13B1|Current||Using elements with temperature-dependent electric or magnetic properties|||
T06-B13B2|Current||With auxiliary heater|||
T06-B13B9|Current||Electric temperature control - other|||
T06-B13X|Current||Temperature control - other|||
T06-B14|Current||Several variables simultaneously|||
T06-B20|Current||Non-electric variables' control - other||Includes simultaneous control of electric and non-electric variables.|
T06-C|Current||Mechanical control devices or systems||Included in EPI only if application is for electrical systems or devices.|
T06-C01|Current||Controlling and controlled members||Includes knobs for switches or variable resistors, etc. See V03-B09, V01-A03.|
T06-C02|Current||Limiting movement|||
T06-C03|Current||Manually operated mechanisms|||
T06-C03A|Current||With single controlled member|||
T06-C03B|Current||With several controlled members|||
T06-C09|Current||Mechanical control devices or systems - other|||
T06-D|Current||Applications||In general, relates to items in X25, which should also be searched.|
T06-D01|Current||Agriculture|||
T06-D01A|Current|(1983-    )|Soil working, sowing, harvesting||See also X25-N01A for electrical equipment.|Tractor, depth, plough, harvester, agricultural vehicles
T06-D01B|Current|(1983-    )|Irrigating, fertilising, culture||See also X25-N01B for electrical equipment.|Sprinklers
T06-D01C|Current|(1987-    )|Livestock industry||Includes feeding, milking, and enclosure heating and air conditioning. See also X25-N02.|Feeding control
T06-D02|Current||Food, pharmaceuticals and tobacco processing||See also X25-P.|
T06-D02A|Current|(1987-    )|Pharmaceuticals||See also X25-P02.|Drugs, medicines
T06-D02B|Current|(2011-    )|Tobacco||Includes control of tobacco processing plant.|
T06-D02C|Current|(2014-    )|Food||Includes control of food processing plant.|
T06-D03|Current||Textile and paper manufacture|||
T06-D03A|Current|(1983-    )|Paper and cardboard making||See also X25-T09.|
T06-D03B|Current|(1983-    )|Fibre, yarn, etc. manufacture||See also X25-T04A.|Spinning, winding, twisting, combing, carding, tension-control
T06-D03C|Current|(1983-    )|Fabric manufacture||See also X25-T04B codes.|Looms, knitting machines, wefting machines, warping machines, weaving
T06-D03D|Current|(1983-    )|Sewing machines/Embroidery machines||See also X25-T04C.|Embroidery
T06-D04|Current||Separating; crushing; mixing||See also X25-J for crushing and mixing. Also includes shredder.|
T06-D05|Current||Metal working; casting|||
T06-D05A|Current|(1983-    )|Metal working|||
T06-D05A1|Current|(1987-    )|Shaping; rolling; hammering; bending; punching||Includes shaping of materials (excluding cutting), e.g. rolling (see also X25-A02B), bending, punching and hammering (see also X25-A02D).|
T06-D05A2|Current|(2011-    )|Pressing||See also X25-A02A for presses per se.|
T06-D05B|Current|(1983-    )|Casting||See also X25-A01.|
T06-D06|Current||Machine tool control|||
T06-D07|Current||Grinding; polishing; cutting; drilling; manipulators|||
T06-D07A|Current|(1983-    )|Milling; grinding; polishing||See also X25-A03C codes as appropriate.|Abrading, honing, lapping, planing, sanding, burnishing, blasting
T06-D07B|Current|(1983-    )|Manipulators||Also see X25-A03E. See T06-D08F and X25-F05A instead for autonomous and robotic vehicles.|Robots
T06-D07C|Current|(2011-    )|Turning; boring; drilling; cutting||Also see X25-A03A and X25-A03B codes as appropriate.|
T06-D08|Current||Conveying, lifting, hauling, handling materials|||
T06-D08A|Current|(1980-    )|Web-advancing||Includes strip and coil handling. Also see X25-F02 for web/strip/coil handling per se. Includes cable winding aspects. Also see X12-D07X or X12-G10 for cable winding machine and cable drums/reels.|Sheets, roll, paper, filaments
T06-D08B|Current||Article feeding; tension regulating|||
T06-D08C|Current||Conveyors||See also X25-F01A for control details of conveyors.|Belts, transporting goods, shelving and retrieving, locating, addressing
T06-D08D|Current||Lifts||See also X25-F04A for control details of lifts.|Elevators, car call control, escalators, cabins, cages
T06-D08E|Current||Cranes, load engaging equipment, soil shifters||See also X25-F05 for cranes and X25-D01 for excavators and soil shifting.|Hoists, excavators, winches
T06-D08F|Current|(1987-    )|Trucks, goods or robotic vehicles||Includes goods conveying vehicle control (see also X25-F05A codes).|Robotic vehicles, autonomous vehicles, trucks, fork lift trucks, trolleys
T06-D08X|Current||Material handling control systems - other|||
T06-D09|Current|(1983-    )|Metallurgy||See also X25-A codes for metal working, and X25-Q codes for iron and steel manufacture, furnace control (see X25-X13 also), heat treatment etc.|
T06-D10|Current|(1983-    )|Chemical processing|||
T06-D11|Current|(1987-    )|Mining|T06-D20|See also X25-D02 for mining.|Conveyors, machines
T06-D12|Current|(1987-    )|Earth drilling; Well production||Includes oil, gas and water wells drilling. Drilling for building construction is not covered. See also X25-E01 for drilling equipment. Also see H01 codes.|Boreholes
T06-D13|Current|(1987-    )|Plastics|T06-D20|See also X25-A06 for plastic working per se.|Extruding, injecting, moulding
T06-D14|Current|(2011-    )|Rubber||Includes control of rubber processing and tyre manufacturing plant. See also X25-A07 for rubber working per se.|
T06-D15|Current|(2014-    )|Packaging / filling / dispenser / bottling / labeling||Includes control of packaging/dispensing machines.|
T06-D16|New|(2017-    )|Wood||Includes all processing and manufacturing aspects of wood.|
T06-D20|Current|(1980-    )|Other applications of control systems||Includes drying (see also X25-G), etc. From 2011 control of presses is transferred to T06-D05A2. Includes control of rivetting devices (see also X25-X).|
T07|Current||Traffic control systems||Traffic control systems specifically for rail, air/marine transport are not included, and are covered by X23 and W06 codes respectively. Some roadside aspect or traffic control centre must be present to be coded in T07. Purely onboard motor vehicle aspects are coded in X22 only.|
T07-A|Current||Determining road vehicle position, speed or flow|||
T07-A01|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring flow of traffic||Includes measurement of number of vehicles passing within fixed time period.|Congestion, volume, closed-circuit TV, CCTV, survey, cable, pressure, detect
T07-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring speed of traffic||Includes measurement of average speed.|
T07-A01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring individual vehicle speed||Includes police speed trap using e.g. radar, laser, etc. (For driver countermeasures see X22-E08 and W06-A04E3C).|Gun, check, readout
T07-A01B|Current|(1997-    )|Detecting presence of vehicle|T07-A01|Includes e.g. inductive sensors (also coded in S03-C02B) embedded in roadway or parking place (see also T07-F for detecting free parking space). If the vehicle presence is being detected for traffic signal control purposes, see T07-C03A instead.|
T07-A01B1|Current|(1997-    )|Detecting 'wrong way' travel|T07-A01|Use with T07-E codes also.|
T07-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Vehicle counting||See also T07-F for counting number of vehicles entering car park.|
T07-A01D|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicle classification system||Includes classification of vehicle type, e.g. car, lorry, motorbike, and e.g. monitoring of vehicle height. Includes optical systems in which light beam is interrupted when high vehicle such as truck passes by.|Classify, vehicle type, height sensing
T07-A03|Current|(1992-    )|Identifying and recording individual vehicle information|||
T07-A03A|Current|(1997-    )|Transponder interrogation||Transponder interrogation systems for vehicle identification in general are covered by T04-K03B, T04-K02 and W06-A04B1 codes and W02-G05 codes for novel RF details.|RFID, transponder, tag
T07-A03A1|Retired|(1997-2001)|For tolls or other charging systems*||*This code is now discontinued; the transponder aspect is now transferred to T07-A03A and the toll aspect is transferred to T07-A03E from 2002 onwards. T07-A03A1 remains searchable for records between 1997 and 2001.|
T07-A03C|Current|(1997-    )|Recording images||Includes systems triggered by detecting vehicle speeding, or travelling through stop signal.|Automatic camera, number, offence, violation
T07-A03C1|Current|(1997-    )|By photography||Electrical aspects of photography are also assigned and are coded in S06-B, especially S06-B02 codes.|
T07-A03C5|Current|(1997-    )|By video systems||Closed circuit TV systems are assigned W02-F01 codes. See W04-M01 codes for details of video cameras.|CCTV, VCR, tape, playback
T07-A03C5A|Current|(1997-    )|With pattern recognition of licence plate information|T07-A03|See T04-D codes also.|
T07-A03E|Current|(2002-    )|Toll and charging arrangements||Transponder aspects for transmission of data between toll booth and vehicle are coded in T07-A03A also. See T05-D02 also and T05-C03 for charge indicating aspects. See X22-X07 also for on-board vehicle aspects such as windscreen mounted transponder.|Transponder, card, debit, toll
T07-A05|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring position of vehicle||For geographic position monitoring in conjunction with mobile radio systems see W02-C03C codes (e.g. W02-C03C1E). In general, S02-B08, W06-A codes and X22-E codes may also be relevant, depending on the particular system. For T07-A05 to be applied there needs to be some offboard or roadside aspect. Purely onboard vehicle position determination is coded in X22-E06 instead, as well as e.g. S02-B08C and W06-A03A5C if GPS is used for the position fixing.|Location, city, zone, district, road, street, plan, moving map, destination
T07-A05A|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring position of scheduled vehicle e.g. bus||Includes systems for monitoring position of buses or other vehicles such as delivery vehicles following a set route or travelling between specific destinations, e.g. to allow off-board controller to monitor vehicle progress. See also T07-A05B for display of vehicle position to controller. See also X22-P05A and other appropriate X22 codes for on-board bus details.|
T07-A05A1|Retired|(1992-2006)|Displaying information to passenger*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to T07-A05D and T07-A05S. T07-A05A1 remains searchable for records from 1992-2006.|Time, interval, indication, boarding, alighting
T07-A05A3|Retired|(1992-2001)|Displaying information to controller*||*This code is now discontinued; the display to central controller aspect is transferred to T07-A05B and the application to scheduled vehicles is covered by T07-A05A. T07-A05A3 remains searchable for records between 1992 and 2001.|
T07-A05B|Current|(2002-    )|Displaying information to controller||Includes informing central station of vehicle position, e.g. to allow controller to monitor vehicle progress and alter vehicle schedule if required (see also T07-A05A). See also X22-E06F for updating vehicle navigation display.|Central station, route
T07-A05C|Current|(1992-    )|Displaying information to driver||Includes arrangements indicating position of vehicle to driver, e.g. using roadside beacons or other roadside based navigational systems. Systems transmitting actual control signals affecting vehicle steering for example, are covered by T07-D01 (and X22-C05B for automatic steering details). See also X22-E06F and S02-B08 codes. Includes use of offboard traffic centre to inform driver of best route to destination, e.g. due to traffic congestion, i.e. to reduce processing requirements of on-board navigation system. T07-G01 may also need to be applied for indication of traffic congestion.|CD-ROM
T07-A05D|Current|(2007-    )|Displaying information to passenger||Includes systems for informing passenger of current position of bus or taxi or its expected arrival time. Includes display of vehicle position on hand-held device, in-bus display or on off-board bus stop display.|
T07-A05U|Current|(2007-    )|Monitoring position of un-scheduled vehicle e.g. taxi||Includes systems for monitoring position of taxis, e.g. to allow dispatcher to efficiently dispatch taxis to most appropriate pick-up points. See also T07-A05B for display of taxi position to controller, T07-A05C for display of pick-up point to taxi driver, and T07-A05D for informing passenger of current taxi location and expected arrival time. See X22-P05C and other appropriate X22 codes for on-board taxi details.|
T07-B|Current||Traffic signals and roadsigns||The codes in this section relate to equipment providing both variable traffic instructions and fixed information.|Display, road, warning, optical, reflect, sign, emergency, light
T07-B01|Current|(1992-    )|Signal details|||
T07-B01A|Current|(1992-    )|Light source||Only includes novel light sources/bulbs etc. per se. See X26 for lamps and U12-A01A codes for LEDs. Lampholders are coded in T07-B01B.|Incandescent, discharge, bulb, fluorescent, light emitting diode, LED, HID
T07-B01B|Current|(1992-    )|Reflectors, filters, lenses, fittings||Includes holders for lamps or other light source.|
T07-B01C|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details|||Casing, mounting, cable, harness, seal, post, street furniture
T07-B05|Current|(1992-    )|Signal type||Codes in this section are used to indicate signal type either alone, in conjunction with T07-B01 codes, or with T07-C codes.|
T07-B05A|Current|(1992-    )|Traffic intersection control||Includes standard 'traffic lights' and pedestrian crossing systems.|
T07-B05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Portable, temporary unit||Includes portable display used at traffic intersection. For movable displays used in other situations see T07-B05G only.|Road works, repairs, one-way, alternate, single line, battery
T07-B05A5|Current|(1992-    )|Indicating elapsed time||Includes indication of time before next signal change.|Period, warning, fuel saving, pollution
T07-B05C|Current|(1992-    )|Variable information display||Includes matrix displays e.g. indicating temporary speed limit, motorway lane closure, etc.|
T07-B05E|Current|(1992-    )|Fixed display||Includes illuminated direction signs.|
T07-B05G|Current|(2002-    )|Movable display||Includes portable or temporary displays, e.g. mounted on movable trailer, and used at roadworks along motorway to inform drivers of temporary speed limit or lane closures. Portable displays used for traffic intersection signalling such as temporary traffic lights are coded in T07-B05A1 only.|
T07-B07|Current|(2002-    )|Traffic signals and roadsigns with ancillary signalling||Includes roadside transmitters, e.g. incorporated in road sign to transmit radio position signal or speed limit signal to vehicle. See also T07-D03 if vehicle speed is automatically controlled.|Radio transmitter, beacon, speed limit notification
T07-C|Current||Controlling traffic signals||For control of a particular type of signal search with T07-B05 codes (except T07-B05E).|
T07-C01|Current|(1992-    )|Control circuitry|||Computer, microprocessor, sequential, program, logic, clock, time
T07-C03|Current|(1992-    )|Switch and detector arrangements||Includes manual switch for e.g. pedestrian crossing. See also V03 codes for novel mechanical switches per se.|Pushbutton
T07-C03A|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting presence of vehicle||Includes using inductive loops below road surface (also coded in S03-C02B) to detect vehicle presence and then control traffic signal. For vehicle presence detection not associated with traffic signal control see T07-A01B only.|Sense, pressure, magnetic field
T07-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring and alarms||Includes safety measures to prevent signal conflict, warning of signal lamp failure, etc.|
T07-C07|Current|(1992-    )|Over-ride control system||Includes emergency services vehicle priority system. See also X22 and e.g. W05-D codes for wireless remote control.|
T07-D|Current||Vehicle guidance systems||Includes offboard systems that effect automatic control or guidance of land vehicle.|Car
T07-D01|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicle guidance systems||This code covers arrangements controlling vehicle travel direction in road traffic or off-road traffic system, normally where there is some traffic contention aspect, e.g. to prevent collisions. (See T06-B01A, X22-C05B and W02-C02 codes for inductive loop and radiating cable guidance systems also. For materials handling vehicles, see X25-F05A codes). Systems providing navigational information only, without automatic guidance control, are covered by T07-A05C and also included in X22-E06 codes for onboard aspects, and in S02-B08. Information processing aspects of vehicle guidance irrespectively are covered by T01-J07D codes.|Position, road, track, cable, near field, automatic steering
T07-D03|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicle automatic control systems||Includes automatic regulation of vehicle speed in response to signal transmitted from roadside transmitter. See also T07-B07 if transmitter is incorporated into road sign. X22-A03B and X22-C02D codes may also need to be applied for automatic vehicle speed and braking control.|Speed limit enforcement, speed control, automatic braking, by-wire
T07-E|Current||Anti-collision systems||See X22-J05 codes for self-contained on-board road vehicle systems, which are not coded here, and W06-A codes for 'radar' types, e.g. W06-A04H1.|Ultrasonic, light, beam, distance, receive, transmit, rear, indicate, safety, warning, obstacle
T07-E01|Current|(1992-    )|Warning of or preventing collision||Includes warning of insufficient vehicle spacing.|
T07-E05|Current|(1992-    )|Warning of unsafe vehicle position||Includes warning of deviation from lane using some road based apparatus such as passive radar reflector or transponder embedded in road. Excludes on-board vehicle optical detection of painted white line.|White line, pattern, stud
T07-F|Current||Parking control systems||Includes indication of occupancy of parking spaces (see T07-A01B also for vehicle presence detector and T07-A01C for vehicle counting) and vehicle access control and direction of vehicle to parking space. See also T05-D codes for barrier/access control aspects per se. See X25-U02 only for vehicle handling/lifting/storing via powered equipment in multistorey car park. Parking meters are not included - see T05-G03A.|Time, display, vehicle, car, card, fee, ticket, charge
T07-G|Current|(1992-    )|Informing driver of traffic, road and weather conditions||From 1997, the scope of this code has been widened to include warning of traffic congestion. Includes use of radio broadcasting or telephone information services. See W01-C05 codes for telephone aspects, W02 codes for radio systems (especially W02-E01B5 for RDS-based systems) and W05 for signalling in general. T07-B codes may be relevant also for signalling aspects.|
T07-G01|Current|(1997-    )|Informing driver of traffic congestion||Includes use of roadside display to inform driver of delays or transmission of information directly to onboard vehicle display (see also X22-E11). For systems also displaying alternative route to driver to avoid congestion, also see T07-A05C and X22-E06F codes.|Accident, road works, lane closure, traffic jam, diversion, signal failure, alternative route
T07-G02|Current|(2013-    )|Informing driver of road surface conditions||Includes informing driver of temporary road surface, resurfacing works, pot holes, raised ironwork etc. For warning of road flooding etc. see T07-G05 instead. If the monitoring system is located on the road, X25-U05 should also be applied. If the monitoring system is mounted on the vehicle, see X22 only.|
T07-G05|Current|(1997-    )|Adverse weather condition monitoring and warning||For warning driver of severe weather such as flooding so that alternative route can be used. See S03-D codes for meteorological aspects also.|Visibility, fog, mist, temperature, frost, ice, black ice, flood
T07-H|Current|(2002-    )|Intelligent highway systems||Includes general details of intelligent roadways, such as roadside infrastructure, e.g. beacons or transponders beside or embedded in road, to assist with automatic vehicle steering (see also T07-D01) or vehicle separation distance control (see also T07-D03). For vehicle control via a central traffic centre, see T07-A05 codes instead.|
T07-M|Current|(2012-    )|Traffic administration and traffic modelling/design||Includes traffic planning and designing. Also see T01-J05A for administration or T01-J15X for computer design and modelling.|
T07-X|Current||Traffic control systems - other||Includes illuminated road studs and lane markings, and electrically height adjustable road bumps. Includes warning triangle placed on road by vehicle driver, e.g. to guide emergency vehicle to accident site. See also X22-B03.|Cats eye, speed bump, warning triangle
U11|Current||Semiconductor materials and processing||U11 covers processing, packaging, assembly, testing and handling of the devices in U12 to U14, but note that aspects of manufacture specific to certain devices can be found in U12 and U14, under codes for LEDs, lasers, solar cells, thick film and hybrid circuits. Liquid crystal layer manufacture is included in U14-K01A1. Chip carrier, multilayer substrate circuit board and chip-on-substrate technologies are coded under integrated circuit packaging in U11-D01A, and hybrid circuits in U14-H03 and U14-H04.|
U11-A|Current||Materials||See U11-B03, U11-C01J, U12-B03C, U12-E01 and X12-D01C for chemical details of produced crystals, structures and organic semiconductors.|
U11-A01|Current||Semiconductor materials, dopants||Includes preparation of semiconductor material from precursors, refining and purification, new semiconductor material. For solar cell material see also appropriate code in U12-A02A2.|
U11-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Silicon|||Silane, fluoride, chloride
U11-A01A1|Current|(1997-    )|Porous silicon|U11-A01A||LED
U11-A01B|Current|(1992-    )|AIII-BV compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride, arsinogalanes
U11-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|AII-BVI compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide
U11-A01D|Current|(1992-    )|Group IV elements and their compounds (except elemental silicon)|||Silicon carbide, diamond, germanium
U11-A01F|Current|(1992-    )|Organic semiconductor materials|||
U11-A01M|Current|(1992-    )|Dopants|||
U11-A01X|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor materials - other||Includes materials not covered by U11-A01A to U11-A01F codes, e.g. AIV-BVI group, AI-BIII-CVI group, AII-BIV-CV group semiconductors.|lead sulphide, lead telluride, chalcopyrite compounds, copper indium sulphide, copper gallium selenide, chalcogenide compounds, zinc tin arsenide, cadmium germanium arsenide
U11-A02|Current||Piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive materials||Materials for transducers are also coded in V06-V02. Includes electrets of organic materials which exhibit piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. Also includes Ferroelectric materials|Lead, titanate, zirconate, titanium, zirconium, bismuth, permalloy, lead scandium tantalate, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitride
U11-A03|Current||Liquid crystal, electrochromic materials|||
U11-A03A|Current|(1992-    )|Liquid crystal material, compounds, additives||See also V07-K10A.|Chiral, ester, phenyl, smectic, cholesteric, nematic, twisted nematic, cyano, hydroxy, mesogenic, polymer dispersed LC, PDLC, polymer network LC, halo-acetylene derivates, phenyldioxanes, ferroelectric LC
U11-A03C|Current|(1992-    )|Electrochromic materials||For details regarding electrochromic display (structures, circuits) see U14-K02 codes.|
U11-A04|Current||Magnetic materials||Magnetic materials in general are coded in V02-A.|Iron, garnet, alloy, oxide
U11-A05|Current||Thick and thin film materials||Includes conductive pastes and inks, thick film resistive compositions (see also V01-A02C1). For general thick film aspects see U14-H02.|Vehicle, solvent, frit, powder, paste
U11-A05A|Current|(1987-    )|Screen print solders|||Gold, silver, glass frit inks
U11-A05B|Current|(1987-    )|Substrate materials||Includes novel composite material, new materials for multilayer ceramic substrate (see also U14-H03B1), materials for other hybrid circuit substrate (see also U14-H03C). For general integrated circuit substrate see also U11-D01A.|
U11-A06|Current|(1983-    )|Resists for semiconductor device manufacture|U11-A09|Includes photosensitivity increasing substances. See V04-R01A for resists used in PCB manufacture. Apparatus for coating, processing photoresist are covered by U11-C04A1 codes.|Photolithography, photosensitive, positive, negative
U11-A06A|Current|(1992-    )|Organic resist for semiconductor device mfr.|||Quinonediazides, phenol resin
U11-A06B|Current|(1992-    )|Inorganic resist|||Germanium selenide, amorphous silicon
U11-A07|Current|(1983-    )|Encapsulants, sealants|U11-A09|See V04-S01A for compounds used to encapsulate complete modules, circuit boards etc.|Resin, epoxy, coating, powder, cure, harden, glass, polyethylene terephthalate
U11-A08|Current|(1992-    )|Insulating, conductive materials|||
U11-A08A|Current|(1992-    )|Insulating materials for dielectric layer||Includes preparation of material from precursors, any other aspect relating to layer structure or deposition being covered by the appropriate codes U11-C05A or U11-C05B.|
U11-A08A1|Current|(1992-    )|Organic insulating material for semiconductor manufacture|U11-A05A||Polyquinoxalines, polyquinozalones, polybenzoxazoles, polimide crosslinking agents
U11-A08A2|Current|(1992-    )|Inorganic insulating material for semiconductor manufacture|U11-C05B5, U11-C05B7|Prior to 1992, coded in U11-A09 and/or U11-C05B5, or U11-C05B6, or U11-C05B7.|
U11-A08B|Current|(1992-    )|Conductive materials for semiconductor manufacture|U11-A09, U11-D03A1, U11-D03B|Includes metals, alloys for e.g. electrodes, wires, interconnections, lead frames. See also appropriate code in U11-D to identify use of respective metal or alloy, e.g. U11-D03A1 for beam leads, U11-D03B for interconnections, electrodes.|
U11-A08B1|Current|(2005-    )|Organic conductive materials|||
U11-A08B2|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic conductive materials|U11-A09, U11-D03A1, U11-D03B||
U11-A09|Current||Other materials for semiconductor manufacture||Includes resins not used as encapsulants or sealants.|Adhesives
U11-A10|Current|(1992-    )|Abrasives, polishers, cleaners, etchants used in semiconductor mfr||Includes materials used in mechanical and/or chemical treatment. Resist strippers are also coded here. See also U11-C06A1, U11-C07A1, or U11-C07B as appropriate.|
U11-A11|Current|(1992-    )|Developers for microlithography|U11-A09, U11-C04A1||
U11-A12|Current|(1997-    )|Gases for semiconductor technology|U11-A09|For reactive processing gases see also U11-A13.|Argon, nitrogen, helium, ozone
U11-A13|Current|(2005-    )|Precursors for deposition process in semiconductor manufacture|U11-A09|Includes reactive gases, liquid and solid precursors.|
U11-A14|Current|(2006-    )|Nano-structural materials||Use in conjunction with other U11-A codes to indicate type of material. For conductive nano-structural materials in general, see also X12 codes.|
U11-A15|Current|(1992-    )|Electroluminescent materials|U11-A09, U14-J|Includes electroluminescent materials containing phosphors. For details regarding electroluminescent displays and devices (structure, circuits, manufacture) see U14-J codes.|
U11-A15A|Current|(2002-    )|Inorganic electroluminescent materials|||
U11-A15B|Current|(2002-    )|Organic electroluminescent materials||Includes polymeric and organometallic complexes.|
U11-A16|Current|(2007-    )|Immersion lithography fluid||See U11-C04K codes for immersion lithography apparatus and method.|
U11-B|Current||Bulk crystal growth||Includes methods of growing monocrystals of silicon, germanium and other homogeneous materials except those covered by subclass U11-B03 below. See U11-C01J1 for epitaxy and U11-C01H for liquid phase deposition on substrate.|Single crystal, monocrystalline, polycrystalline
U11-B01|Current|(1983-    )|Pulling from melt crystal growth for semiconductor manufacture||Includes Czochralski method.|CZ pull, boules, liquid encapsulated Czochralski, LEC
U11-B02|Current|(1987-    )|Zone refining, other|||
U11-B02A|Current|(1992-    )|Zone refining crystal growth for semiconductor manufacture||Includes floating zone method.|Zone melting
U11-B02B|Current|(1997-    )|Crystal growth from melt in crucible|U11-B02X||Bridgman
U11-B02C|Current|(2002-    )|Spherical crystal growth methods||Includes e.g. droplet method. For spherical ICs see U13-D06.|
U11-B02X|Current|(1992-    )|Other crystal growth methods for semiconductor manufacture||Includes vertical, horizontal gradient freeze method; floating fluidised bed method. For ribbon techniques, edge defined film growth, see U11-B04.|
U11-B03|Current|(1987-    )|Characterised by crystal material and crystallographic orientation||Includes chemical techniques rather than appts. details. This code is usually used in conjunction with other codes, whenever crystallographic structure is emphasised.|Oriented films
U11-B03A|Current|(1992-    )|Bulk crystal growth of AIII-BV compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride
U11-B03B|Current|(1992-    )|Bulk crystal growth of AII-BVI compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide
U11-B03C|Current|(1992-    )|Bulk crystal growth of AIV elements and their compounds||Excludes elemental silicon.|Carbon, germanium, silicon carbide
U11-B03X|Current|(1992-    )|Bulk crystal growth of other semiconductor compounds|||
U11-B04|Current|(1987-    )|Ribbon techniques, pulling/casting from melt for semiconductor device manufacture||Includes edge-defined film-fed crystal growth process, forming dendritic web e.g. for photovoltaic applications.|EFG, monocrystal, polycrystal
U11-B05|Current|(2002-    )|Apparatus details for crystal growth|||
U11-B05A|Current|(2002-    )|Crucibles, crystal holders|||
U11-B05B|Current|(2002-    )|Crystal pulling mechanisms|||
U11-B05C|Current|(2002-    )|Heating arrangements for growth vessel, crucible|||
U11-C|Current||Substrate processing for semiconductor device manufacture||In U11-C, each sub-group (-C01, -C02, -C03 etc.) covers a distinct category of processing e.g. deposition, doping, heat treatment etc. and is further divided to indicate techniques used for a particular device or technology, such as FET or gallium arsenide. For example, electrode mfr. for gallium arsenide devices is coded in U11-C05E(-1 or -2) and U11-C05F3; in another example, forming smoothing insulating layer over interconnection structure is coded in U11-C05B9 and U11-C05D1. Aspects regarding processing apparatus are covered by U11-C09 codes.|
U11-C01|Current||Deposition of active materials (e.g. semiconductors)||U11-C01A to U11-C01H are applied for deposition using specified appts., with details about appts. covered by U11-C09 codes. U11-C01J codes are used to indicate details of substrates or the nature of deposited active layers. Note that U11-C01J1 is used only when epitaxy is emphasised as an important aspect of the invention. For methods which imply epitaxial deposition e.g. molecular beam epitaxy, liquid phase epitaxy, U11-C01J1 is not used.|
U11-C01A|Current||Physical deposition of semiconductor layer|U11-C01A9||
U11-C01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Thermal evaporation for deposition of semiconductor layer|||Arc evaporation
U11-C01A2|Current|(1987-    )|Molecular beam, atomic beam, ion beam deposition of semiconductor layer||Includes cluster ion beam deposition. For reactive ion beam deposition see U11-C01B.|MBE
U11-C01A3|Current|(1997-    )|Sputtering deposition of semiconductor layer|U11-C01A9|Includes deposition by glow/RF discharge, magnetron sputtering. Prior to 1997 sputtering was covered in U11-C01A9.|
U11-C01A9|Current|(1987-    )|Methods of physical deposition - other||Includes also laser ablation.|
U11-C01B|Current||Chemical vapour deposition of semiconductor layer||For apparatus see U11-C09B and in case of plasma enhanced CVD and electron cyclotron resonance CVD, U11-C09C. Also includes reactive ion beam deposition and seeded crystallisation deposition techniques. Prior to 1992 for PECVD see U11-C01A9 and U11-C01B. Also cover Vapour phase epitaxy (VPE).|CVD, low pressure, LPCVD, PECVD, photochemical, PhCVD, atmospheric pressure, APCVD, ECRCVD, hot filament, HFCVD, metal-organic, MOCVD, organometallic, OMCVD
U11-C01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Beam/mask assisted CVD of semiconductor layer||Using beam/mask defining areas of localised reactive deposition.|Laser assisted, LACVD
U11-C01C|Current|(1987-    )|Large surface area deposition||E.g. physical or chemical vapour deposition for solar cells (see also U12-A02A3), semiconductor memories arrays (see also U11-C18B5).|Roll to roll, continuously moving web, continuous belt
U11-C01D|Current|(1987-    )|Methods of deposition of semiconductor layer - other|U11-C01X||
U11-C01F|Current|(1992-    )|Langmuir Blodgett method|U11-C01D||Mono-molecular films
U11-C01H|Current|(1992-    )|Liquid phase deposition of semiconductor layer|U11-C01D|Includes sliding or sloping position liquid phase epitaxy, electrophoresis, atomised films, conversion of insulating layer (e.g. oxide) into semiconductor by immersion into solution.|LPE
U11-C01J|Current|(1987-    )|Nature/structure/material/composition of active layers||When method of deposition is specified, U11-C01J codes are used in conjunction with codes above (-C01A,-C01B, etc.).|
U11-C01J1|Current|(1987-    )|Epitaxial growth of semiconductor layer||Only used when epitaxy is emphasised as essential for method of deposition or structure described. For epitaxy by seeded crystallisation see also U11-C01B and U11-C01J8. This code is not used for methods of deposition which imply epitaxy e.g. molecular beam epitaxy, liquid phase epitaxy.|Single crystal layer, atomic layer epitaxy, ALE
U11-C01J2|Current|(1987-    )|Semiconductor amorphous/polycrystalline film||Includes specific crystalline form e.g. HSG, spherical grain.|Thin film
U11-C01J3|Current|(1987-    )|Deposition of semiconductor layers other than silicon|||
U11-C01J3A|Current|(1992-    )|Deposition of aiii-bv compound layer||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride
U11-C01J3B|Current|(1992-    )|Deposition of aii-bvi compound layer||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide
U11-C01J4|Current|(1987-    )|Other inorganic semiconductor materials|||
U11-C01J4A|Current|(1997-    )|Deposition of group iv element/compound layer|U11-C01J4||Silicon carbide, diamond, germanium
U11-C01J5|Current|(1987-    )|Polymer, organic film structures|||Macromolecular
U11-C01J6|Current|(1987-    )|Heterojunction, superlattice structures, quantum wells, wires, boxes mfr.|||
U11-C01J6A|Current|(2006-    )|Strained layers and their manufacture||Manufacture of strained layers to enhance material properties such as charge-carrier mobility. For device with strained layer structure see also U12-E01B1A.|Strained silicon, strained-layer super lattice, strained layer, relaxed layer, SLS
U11-C01J7|Retired|(1987-1996)|Active layers, electroluminescent, ferroelectric - other*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1996. Includes layers e.g. for bubble memories, SAW devices. For electroluminescent layer deposition see also U14-J01. For ferroelectric layer deposition e.g. for capacitor mfr. see U11-C05G1B and U11-C05B codes.|
U11-C01J8|Current|(1987-    )|Characterised by substrate details||E.g. for solar cells, thin films, rugged, trenched substrate, three-dimensional structures with layers built up to include isolation regions. Includes deposition with lattice adaptation on substrate being crystalline insulating material or semiconductor material, also deposition on substrate with particular geometry e.g. grooves, holes. For selective, lateral epitaxy by seeded crystallisation see also U11-C01B and U11-C01J1. Covers also separation of epitaxial device layers (see also U11-C01J1) from substrates on which they are grown (see also U11-C04D1).|Sandwich wafer
U11-C01J8A|Current|(1997-    )|Substrate bonding|U11-C01X|Covers bonding of semiconductor layers to insulation or semiconductor substrate, forming protection film on back of wafer to prevent autodoping, (previously coded in U11-C01X). For silicon on insulator structures see also U11-C08A6.|SOI
U11-C01J8B|Current|(1997-    )|Preventing lattice mismatch|U11-C01J8|Includes forming buffer layer for lattice compatibility.|
U11-C01X|Current||Other aspects of deposition||Covers deposition using vibrating substrate, e.g. in liquid phase deposition (see also U11-C01H), etc.|
U11-C02|Current||Doping for semiconductor device mfr.||For introducing impurities (dopant) during growth or deposition of material, U11-C02 should be used in conjunction with appropriate codes in U11-B or U11-C. Codes in this sub-class should be used in conjunction which each other. For example, ion implantation of gallium arsenide layers for MESFET using beams oriented at a certain angle is coded in U11-C02B2, U11-C02J1A and U11-C02J6 (if structure of device is novel, or in order to identify type of device, U12 codes will be also used).|
U11-C02A|Current||Diffusion, apparatus and associated techniques|||
U11-C02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Diffusion apparatus||Electrical aspects of diffusion furnaces are also covered by X25-C codes.|
U11-C02A2|Current|(1987-    )|Diffusion techniques, dopant layer structures||Used only if special conditions for dopant diffusion or structures are emphasised, e.g. using masks for edge diffusion or under slanted angle. Includes diffusion from solid or gaseous phase dopant source in contact with semiconductor surface.|
U11-C02B|Current||Ion implantation, apparatus and associated techniques|||Ion injection, ion bombardment
U11-C02B1|Current|(1987-    )|Ion implantation apparatus||For novel aspects of ion beam appts. see also V05-F05A7C.|Ion source, ion beam generator, focussing, deflection, control, processing chamber
U11-C02B2|Current|(1987-    )|Ion implantation techniques||Used only if special ion implantation conditions are emphasised, e.g. using masks, implantation at certain angle between ion beam and surface plane or crystal planes (to avoid channelling), etc.|Recoil implantation
U11-C02J|Current||Doping aspects relating to substrate, structures, layers, devices being processed|||
U11-C02J1|Current|(1987-    )|Doping non-silicon semiconductor substrate|||
U11-C02J1A|Current|(1992-    )|Doping aiii-bv compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride
U11-C02J1B|Current|(1992-    )|Doping aii-bvi compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide
U11-C02J1C|Current|(1992-    )|Doping AIV elements and their compounds|||Germanium, diamond, silicon carbide
U11-C02J1X|Current|(1992-    )|Doping other semiconductor materials|||
U11-C02J2|Current|(1987-    )|Doping heterojunction structures|||
U11-C02J3|Current|(1987-    )|Doping non-semiconductor layers, insulators, polymers||Includes e.g. implanting wiring surface prior to patterning in order to prevent formation of hillocks (see also U11-C05D3, U11-D03B2).|Macromolecular
U11-C02J4|Current|(1987-    )|Other techniques and apparatus||Includes doping aspects using wave or particle treatment. Includes alloying of doping materials with semiconductor body.|Radiation enhanced diffusion
U11-C02J5|Current|(1987-    )|Doping for bipolar device mfr.||Includes doping of electrode regions, formation of buried layers.|Shallow junction
U11-C02J6|Current|(1987-    )|Doping for FET mfr.||Includes doping of electrode regions e.g. using gate electrode as mask for forming source and drain.|Channel stop implants, LDD
U11-C02J7|Current|(1987-    )|Doping for other semiconductor device mfr.|||Capacitor, LED, solar cells
U11-C02X|Retired|(1988-1996)|Other doping*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1988 to 1996. See U11-C02J4 from 199701 for alloying aspects.|
U11-C03|Current||Heat, electrical, radiation treatment of semiconductor body; apparatus||Codes from U11-C03B to U11-C03D, representing various treatment techniques, are used in conjunction with U11-C03J1 to U11-C03J3 codes for structures, and/or U11-C03J8 codes for specific materials.|
U11-C03A|Current|(1987-    )|Heat, radiation, furnace treatment||Includes temperature control systems and apparatus for semiconductor manufacture, or substrate in vacuum processing apparatus, e.g. sputtering, CVD or etching apparatus (see also appropriate codes in U11-C09). Electrical aspects of furnaces are covered by X25-C codes.|Heater, temp, control, IR, lamp
U11-C03B|Current|(1987-    )|Electron/ion beam treatment of semiconductor||For apparatus, see also V05-F05A codes.|
U11-C03C|Current|(1987-    )|Type of treatment of semiconductor - other|||Plasma, hydrogen plasma, electrical pulse, mechanical pulse
U11-C03D|Current|(1992-    )|Laser treatment of semiconductor|U11-C03C||
U11-C03E|Current|(1997-    )|Radiation treatment of semiconductor|U11-C03B, U11-C03C|Includes bombardment with wave or particle radiation.|Radioactive pulse
U11-C03J|Current|(1987-    )|Nature of process/techniques, structure/material being treated|||
U11-C03J1|Current|(1987-    )|Recrystallising semiconductor layer|||
U11-C03J2|Current|(1987-    )|Annealing, defect control, gettering of semiconductor|||
U11-C03J2A|Current|(1992-    )|Annealing semiconductor layer|||Rapid thermal annealing, RTA
U11-C03J2B|Current|(1992-    )|Gettering, defect control of semiconductor||Includes introducing internal imperfections, strained layers and methods for external gettering e.g. honing, sandblasting, backside damage. Covers also deep level dopants for lifetime carrier control, killer dopant (see also U11-C02 codes where doping techniques or structures are novel).|Intrinsic gettering, bulk micro defects
U11-C03J3|Current|(1987-    )|Blanket treatment of semiconductor||E.g. forming punch through implants to reduce short-channel effects in submicron CMOS (see also U11-C02B2, U11-C02J6).|
U11-C03J4|Current|(1987-    )|Heat/radiation treatment for very large surface area||E.g. for solar cell.|
U11-C03J5|Current|(1987-    )|Beam treatment of localised areas on surface|||
U11-C03J6|Current|(1987-    )|Semiconductor heat/radiation treatment using masks, structures on substrate|||
U11-C03J7|Current|(1987-    )|Producing localised depth profile, and other structures by semiconductor treatment||Includes e.g. potential barrier diffusion region below deep contact diffusion to suppress software errors produced by radiation (see also appropriate U11-C02 codes and U14-A11), inhibiting dopant diffusion in semiconductor (e.g. silicon) by using preamorphising agent (e.g. germanium) to create shallow junction with lateral containment (see also U11-C02 codes).|
U11-C03J8|Current|(1992-    )|Heat/radiation treatment of non-silicon semiconductor material|||
U11-C03J8A|Current|(1992-    )|Heat/radiation treating AIII-BV compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride
U11-C03J8B|Current|(1992-    )|Heat/radiation treating AII-BVI compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury sulphide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide
U11-C03J8C|Current|(1992-    )|Heat/radiation treating AIV elements and their compounds|||Diamond, silicon carbide
U11-C03J8X|Current|(1992-    )|Heat/radiation treating of other semiconductor materials|||
U11-C04|Current||Lithography (photo-, beam-, etc.), masks, techniques, exposure and alignment||The following codes are no longer applied but remain valid for records prior to 199201: U11-C04A2, U11-C04A3, U11-C04A4, U11-C04A5, U11-C04C1.|
U11-C04A|Current|(1983-    )|Resist processing, mask manufacture and inspection, and exposure control in microlithography|||
U11-C04A1|Current|(1987-    )|Cleaning, rinsing, spin coating, developing, inspection for microlithography||From 1992 all cleaning processes not related to microlithography are covered by U11-C06A1B.|
U11-C04A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Wafer preparation for resist coating||Includes cleaning, rinsing, drying, baking, priming or silylating.|
U11-C04A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Wafer coating with resist for microlithography||Includes forming 'charge-up' preventing layer on top of resist.|Spin coating
U11-C04A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Developing, resist stripping (wet process) for microlithography||For developer materials see U11-A11.|
U11-C04A1D|Current|(1992-    )|Plasma oxidising or ashing for microlithography||Includes resist selective removal by e.g. laser, ion beam. For apparatus, see U11-C09C.|
U11-C04A1E|Current|(1992-    )|Testing, measurement and inspection of mask for microlithography||For inspection of lithographic layers see also U11-F01B code. For all other measurement, testing or inspection for microlithography see also U11-F01 and S02/S03 codes as appropriate.|
U11-C04A1F|Current|(2005-    )|Resist processing||Includes all post wafer coating processes to prepare resist on wafer for lithographic exposure.|Hard bake, soft bake, surface treatment, hydrophilization, solvent evaporation
U11-C04A1H|Current|(1997-    )|Anti-reflective layers for microlithography||See also U11-C04E1.|
U11-C04A2|Retired|(1987-1991)|Optical masks*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1991. From 1992 see U11-C04E2.|Shielding layer
U11-C04A3|Retired|(1987-1991)|X-ray masks*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1991. From 1992 see U11-C04H2.|
U11-C04A4|Retired|(1987-1991)|Other masks*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1991. Includes masks e.g. for sputter apparatus. From 1992 see U11-C04F2, U11-C04G2.|
U11-C04A5|Retired|(1987-1991)|Electron/particle beam apparatus*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1991. From 1992 see U11-C04F1 for electron beam apparatus, and U11-C04G1 for ion beam apparatus.|
U11-C04A6|Current|(1987-    )|Control of exposure apparatus||From 1992 this code is used in conjunction with U11-C04E1 for control of optical exposure light source (e.g. laser, lamp), or with U11-C04F1 for control of electron beam apparatus, or with U11-C04G1 for control of ion beam apparatus, or with U11-C04H1 for control of X-ray apparatus.|
U11-C04A7|Current|(1987-    )|Other lithographic aspects for microlithography||Includes e.g. biological process. For Micro- and Nano imprint lithography from 2005 see U11-C04J codes.|
U11-C04B|Current|(1983-    )|Alignment|||
U11-C04B1|Current|(1987-    )|Producing alignment marks on substrate, mask and mark details|||
U11-C04B2|Current|(1987-    )|Mark detection and position control signal generation in microlithography||See also S02-A03B codes for optical systems, in particular S02-A03B4 for checking of alignment.|Optical recognition, through-the-lens, TTL
U11-C04B3|Current|(1987-    )|Alignment for beam equipment in microlithography|||
U11-C04C|Current|(1983-    )|Exposure for microlithography|||
U11-C04C1|Retired|(1987-1991)|Exposure source details*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1991. From 1992 see U11-C04E1, U11-C04F1, U11-C04G1 AND U11-C04H1 codes as appropriate for type of exposure source used in lithographic process.|
U11-C04C2|Current|(1987-    )|Focussing control for exposure apparatus||This code is used in conjunction with other U11-C04 (-E1,-F1,-G1,-H1) codes, depending on type of exposure source used, e.g. lens focussing in laser microlithographic system is coded in U11-C04C2 and U11-C04E1.|Optical system adjustment, lens positioning
U11-C04C3|Current|(1987-    )|Vertical alignment and tilt control for exposure apparatus|||Through-the-lens, TTL
U11-C04C4|Current|(2002-    )|Reticle and stage drive mechanisms||This code is used in conjunction with other U11-C04 (-E1,-F1,-G1,-H1) codes, depending on type of exposure source used.|Step-and-repeat, wafer stepper scan
U11-C04C5|Current|(2005-    )|Vibration control and compensation for microlithography|||
U11-C04D|Old|(1987-2006)|Masking techniques for microlithography||Includes e.g. lift-off, sequences of masking and etching techniques to produce patterned structures on integrated circuit. Relates to lithographic structures on semiconductor or active layer. See also other relevant codes, e.g. U11-C05D3 for masking techniques applied to interconnection mfr., U11-C07D1 for masks used in etching fine details, U11-C18D and U14-K01A1C for masks used in optical filter mfr. for LCD, etc.|Pattern transfer, Dissolving mask
U11-C04D|Current|(2007-    )|Masking techniques for microlithography||Relates to lithographic structures on semiconductor or active layer. Until 200701 includes e.g. lift-off, sequences of masking and etching techniques to produce patterned structures on integrated circuit, and masking techniques used in non-microlithographic steps of semiconductor mfr. From 200701 see U11-C06C for all non-microlithographic masking, along with other relevant codes, e.g. U11-C05D3 for masking techniques applied to interconnection mfr., U11-C07D1 for masks used in etching fine details, U11-C18D and U14-K01A1C for masks used in optical filter mfr. for LCD, etc.|Pattern transfer, Dissolving mask
U11-C04D1|Current|(1987-    )|Conformal masks, lift-off techniques for microlithography|||
U11-C04D2|Current|(1987-    )|Non-mask fine line width production for microlithography||Includes e.g. use of holograms, diffraction grating, phase segregation of metals.|Two beam interference exposure
U11-C04E|Current|(1992-    )|Photolithography for semiconductor mfr.|||
U11-C04E1|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus and method for photolithography|U11-C04C, U11-C04C1|Includes exposure using optical and non-ionising ultraviolet radiation (for exposure using ionising ultraviolet radiation e.g. EUV see U11-C04H codes). For control and focusing aspects see also U11-C04A6 and U11-C04C2 respectively. Includes e.g. exposing peripheral portion of wafer.|Laser, UV, lamp, stepper, light source, projection, dummy wafer
U11-C04E1A|Current|(2005-    )|Optical elements and systems for photolithography||Includes individual lenses and mirrors as well as multiple lens/mirror systems, and other non-electrical optical elements for beam focus.|
U11-C04E2|Current|(1992-    )|Optical masks for photolithography|U11-C04C2|Includes mask repair, pellicle protection, caseholders for masks (see also U11-F02), mask inspection.|Phase shifting, photomask, reticle
U11-C04F|Current|(1992-    )|Electron beam lithography for semiconductor mfr.|||
U11-C04F1|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus and method for electron beam lithography|U11-C05A5, U11-C04C, U11-C04A6|For control and focusing aspects see also U11-C04A6 and U11-C04C2 respectively. Includes methods of avoiding 'charge up' of resist. See V05-F codes for novel details of apparatus and methods of apparatus monitoring, operation and control.|Beam modulation, electrodes
U11-C04F2|Current|(1992-    )|Masks for electron beam lithography|U11-C04A4|Also see V05-F codes for novel electron beam lithography masks.|stencil mask
U11-C04G|Current|(1992-    )|Ion beam lithography for semiconductor mfr.|||
U11-C04G1|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus and method for ion beam lithography|U11-C04A5|For control and focusing aspects see also U11-C04A6 and U11-C04C2 respectively. See V05-F codes for novel details of apparatus and methods of apparatus monitoring, operation and control.|
U11-C04G2|Current|(1992-    )|Masks for ion beam lithography|U11-C04A4|Also see V05-F codes for novel ion beam lithography masks.|Stencil mask
U11-C04H|Current|(1992-    )|X-ray lithography for semiconductor mfr.|||Roentgen
U11-C04H1|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus and method for X-ray lithography|U11-C04C, U11-C04C1|Includes exposure using X-ray, soft X-ray and ionising ultraviolet radiation (for exposure using non-ionising ultraviolet radiation e.g. DUV see U11-C04E codes). For control and confinement aspects see also U11-C04A6 and U11-C04C2 respectively. See V05-E and V05-F codes for novel details of apparatus and methods of monitoring, operation and control.|Extreme ultraviolet, EUV
U11-C04H2|Current|(1992-    )|X-ray masks|U11-C04A3|Also see V05-E08 codes and V05-F codes for novel X-ray, soft X-ray and EUV lithography masks.|
U11-C04J|Current|(2005-    )|Imprint lithography||Includes use of stamps and presses to form pattern.|Soft lithography
U11-C04J1|Current|(2005-    )|Stamp design and manufacture|||
U11-C04J2|Current|(2005-    )|Process methods and control|||
U11-C04K|Current|(2005-    )|Immersion Lithography||Includes all apparatus and methods for exposure through a liquid. See other U11-C04 codes for type of exposure source used. For immersion fluid composition see U11-A16.|
U11-C04K1|Current|(2007-    )|Fluid management apparatus||Includes all apparatus associated with handling, processing and delivering fluids for immersion lithography.|
U11-C04K2|Current|(2007-    )|Fluid management methods||Includes all methods and processes for fluid manipulation, including measurement and monitoring aspects (see also appropriate S02 and S03 codes)|
U11-C05|Current||Layer formation||Includes insulating, passivating and conductive layers.|
U11-C05A|Current||Organic insulating layer formation||Prior to 1992 this code included new materials as well as methods and structures related to organic insulating layer. From 1992 see U11-A08A1 for new materials. See also other relevant codes, e.g. U11-C05B9 when organic layer is used for planarising interconnection structures, U14-H03A1 or U14-H03A4B4 when used for packaging mountings or multichip interconnect.|
U11-C05A1|Current|(1987-    )|Combined with organic materials|||
U11-C05B|Current||Inorganic insulating layer deposition||U11-C05B1 to U11-C05B4 are used where apparatus and associated techniques are emphasised (see also U11-C09 codes for apparatus details); U11-C05B5 to U11-C05B8 are used for type of deposited material and substrate; e.g. CVD of a silicon dioxide layer on gallium arsenide substrate is coded in U11-C05B2, U11-C05B7 and U11-C05B8. For novel materials see U11-A08A2.|
U11-C05B1|Current|(1983-    )|Chemical reaction of semiconductor substrate for insulating layer formation||E.g. oxide, nitride.|Oxidation, thermal oxidation, anodic oxidation, nitridation
U11-C05B2|Current|(1987-    )|Insulating layer deposition using physical/chemical vapour apparatus||For apparatus details see also U11-C09 codes.|
U11-C05B3|Current|(1987-    )|Localised deposition of insulating layer||Includes e.g. deposition using beam induced CVD or masks.|
U11-C05B4|Current|(1987-    )|Modifying materials deposited on substrate (metallic oxides)||Includes e.g. oxidation of metallic layer (e.g. forming alumina film by oxidation of aluminium layer).|
U11-C05B5|Current|(1987-    )|Deposited inorganic nitrogen containing insulating layers||Includes all nitrides of silicon and silicon oxide using methods in U11-C05B1, U11-C05B2 or U11-C05B3. Silicate glasses and silicon oxides without nitride content are covered by U11-C05B7.|
U11-C05B6|Current|(1987-    )|Chemically altered deposited layers|||Alumina layer, metal nitrides, metal oxides, hafnium oxide
U11-C05B7|Current|(1987-    )|Chemically altered semiconductor material and other nitrogen free dielectric||Includes all silicate glasses and silicon oxides without nitride content. Includes also fluoride type dielectric layers. It also covers deposition of ferroelectric film e.g. for capacitor dielectrics.|Phospho-silicate glass, PSG, BPSG, spin on glass, SOG, calcium fluoride, barium strontium fluoride, calcium strontium fluoride, silicon dioxide
U11-C05B8|Current|(1987-    )|Non-silicon semiconductor substrate for insulating layer deposition|||
U11-C05B8A|Current|(1992-    )|Aiii-bv compound substrate for insulating layer deposition||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride
U11-C05B8B|Current|(1992-    )|Aii-bvi compound substrate for insulating layer deposition||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide
U11-C05B8C|Current|(1992-    )|AIV element/compound substrate for insulating layer deposition|||Silicon carbide, diamond
U11-C05B8X|Current|(1992-    )|Non-silicon semiconductor substrate for insulating layer deposition - other|||
U11-C05B9|Current|(1987-    )|Characterised by sequence of steps to produce insulating layer structure, shape||Includes e.g. dielectric layer applied over interconnection structure (see also U11-C05D1), planarisation layers, passivation films, patterning, etching dielectric layers with metallic interconnection aspects (see also other relevant codes e.g. U11-C05D1, U11-C05D3). Also covers layers to prevent soft errors (inside device, rather than package adaptations). Includes post-treatment of insulating layers.|
U11-C05B9A|Current|(1997-    )|Planarisation/protection|U11-C05B9|Includes e.g. dielectric layer applied over interconnect structure (see also U11-C05D01), planarisation layers, patterning etching dielectric layers with metallic interconnect aspects (see other relevant codes e.g. U11-C05D1, U11-C05D3). Also covers passivation films, films for moisture protection, etching stop layers and films for radiation protection.|Smoothing, field oxide
U11-C05B9B|Current|(1997-    )|Insulating side wall formation|U11-C05B9|Includes forming side wall spacers.|
U11-C05B9C|Current|(1997-    )|Buried insulating film formation|U11-C05B9, U11-C08A1||Buried layer
U11-C05C|Current||Electrode and interconnection layer formation||Includes methods of deposition of conductive layers. For apparatus details see U11-C09 codes. From 1997, U11-C05C codes cover specific deposition methods for superconductive films (see also U14-F02A). Prior to 1997 for superconductive film deposition see U11-C01 codes.|Silicide, polysilicon, metallisation
U11-C05C1|Retired|(1983-1986)|Interconnections*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1983 to 1986. See U11-C05D from 1987.|
U11-C05C2|Current|(1987-    )|Physical deposition of conductive layer||E.g. sputter, thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, etc. For appts. see U11-C09A.|Magnetron sputter deposition, refractory metal silicide
U11-C05C3|Current|(1987-    )|Reactive chemical deposition of conductive layer||For apparatus, see U11-C09B.|CVD
U11-C05C4|Retired|(1983-1986)|Electrodes*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1983 to 1986. See U11-C05E from 1987.|Silicide
U11-C05C5|Current|(1987-    )|Localised deposition of conductive layers, selective deposition||Covers beam induced deposition or use of masks.|Anisotropic directional deposition
U11-C05C6|Current|(1987-    )|Methods of forming conductive layer - other||Includes electroplating, transformation of deposited layer, (e.g. semiconductor into conductor, or insulator into superconductor), deposition by solution process (electroless by chemical reaction) etc. For doping aspects related to permanent or temporary change of conductivity, e.g. reduction of contact resistance, see also U11-C02J3.|
U11-C05C7|Current|(1987-    )|Chemical, metallurgical details of conductive layers, using CVD, sputter deposition||Includes pre or after-treatment of deposited layer or substrate on which conductive layer is deposited.|
U11-C05C9|Current|(1983-    )|Aspects of conductive layer formation - other||From 198701 for formation of resistive layers and bumps see U11-C05G.|
U11-C05D|Current|(1987-    )|Interconnections|U11-C05C1||
U11-C05D1|Current|(1987-    )|Nature of material||Mainly used for multilayer wiring insulating layers, e.g. for smoothing surface topography. Covers use of dielectric layers in multilayer interconnects both in integrated circuit chips and in multichip modules. Includes interlayer insulating film for mutually insulating wires (including electrodes) arranged on same plane or upper and lower wires. Includes shaping of insulator around deposited interconnection (see also U11-C05B9).|
U11-C05D2|Current|(1987-    )|Multilayer metallisation manufacturing techniques||Includes sequence of steps to result in multilayer structure i.e. deposition, shaping in which the techniques may be routine, but succession of steps or final structure is novel. Covers metallic layer deposited simultaneously over two differing apertures on two different levels. Includes Damascene processes.|
U11-C05D3|Current|(1987-    )|Lateral/vertical interconnection manufacture||Includes lithographical aspects, etching, deposition for shaping conductor, through holes to accommodate contacts to devices and contacts between levels. For opening, etching vias, windows into dielectric over region to be contacted see also U11-C07D2. Also covers filling of contact holes with conductive material or forming conductive plugs in windows. For 'back-side metallisation', vias, substrate through holes see also other relevant codes, e.g. U11-C05G2, U11-D03B3, U11-D03C3. For metallurgical aspects, e.g. electromigration, diffusion barriers, low resistance interconnection, see also U11-D03B2. Includes dual-damascene processes.|Buried interconnections, windows, contacts, step coverage, runners
U11-C05D4|Current|(1987-    )|Interconnections to semiconductor device electrodes||Includes metallisation that facilitates electric current conduction to and from semiconductor device (see also U11-C05E, U11-C05F codes). For metallurgy related to e.g. electromigration, low resistance interconnections, see also U11-D03B2.|
U11-C05E|Current|(1987-    )|Electrode manufacture|U11-C05C4|Includes metallic, dielectric and doped semiconductor regions that form electrode with or without electrical connection thereto. For contacts to electrodes see also U11-C05D4, for metallurgical aspects see also U11-D03B2. For electrode bump see U11-C05G2B and/or U11-D03B1. If electrode structure is novel see also U12-E02.|
U11-C05E1|Current|(1987-    )|Ohmic, schottky etc. electrode manufacture||For contacts to semiconductor device electrodes see also U11-C05D4, for metallurgical aspects see also U11-D03B2.|
U11-C05E2|Current|(1987-    )|Geometric structure miniaturisation for electrode manufacture||Includes e.g. submicron gate, T-shaped gate manufacture.|
U11-C05E3|Current|(1992-    )|Self alignment for electrode manufacture||Used e.g. for self-aligned silicon gate manufacture (see also U11-C05F1), self-aligned emitter-base contacts in bipolar transistor (see also U11-C05F2).|
U11-C05F|Current|(1987-    )|Electrode manufacture for specific device, semiconductor substrate|||
U11-C05F1|Current|(1987-    )|Electrode manufacture for FET|||
U11-C05F1A|Current|(2005-    )|Gate insulation layer manufacture||Includes forming insulated gate structures for all MOS gated devices.|
U11-C05F2|Current|(1987-    )|Electrode manufacture for bipolar device||Includes electrode mfr. for diodes, bipolar transistors.|
U11-C05F2A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode manufacture for bipolar device with polysilicon emitter|||
U11-C05F3|Current|(1987-    )|Electrode manufacture for non-silicon semiconductor|||
U11-C05F3A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode manufacture for AIII-BV substrate||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride
U11-C05F3B|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode manufacture for AIV substrate|||Diamond, germanium, silicon carbide
U11-C05F3D|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode manufacture for AII-BVI substrate||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide
U11-C05F3X|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode manufacture on other semiconductor substrate|||
U11-C05F4|Current|(1987-    )|Electrode manufacture for heterojunction|||Heterojunction gate
U11-C05F5|Current|(1987-    )|Electrode manufacture for thin film transistor|||
U11-C05F6|Current|(1987-    )|Electrode manufacture for other devices e.g. saw, CCD, semiconductor lasers, photovoltaic, devices||This code is used in conjunction with other relevant codes to identify type of device, e.g. U14-G for SAW, U13-A02 for CCD, U14-F for superconducting devices, etc. It also includes electrode mfr. for resistors (see also U11-C05G1A), capacitors (see also U11-C05G1B).|
U11-C05G|Current|(1987-    )|Passive component manufacture||Includes formation of resistive layers, contact bumps, fuses.|
U11-C05G1|Current||RLC component manufacture|||
U11-C05G1A|Current|(1992-    )|Resistor manufacture||For details regarding resistor structure see also|
U11-C05G1B|Current|(1992-    )|Capacitor manufacture||For details regarding capacitor structure see also U12-C02 codes.|
U11-C05G1C|Current|(1992-    )|Inductor manufacture||For details regarding inductor structure see also U12-C03.|
U11-C05G2|Current|(1987-    )|Fuses, contact bumps and pads, vias manufacture for semiconductor device|||
U11-C05G2A|Current|(1992-    )|Fuses manufacture||Includes antifuse mfr. See also U12-C04 for fuse structure after Jan 2002, before Jan 2002 see U11-D03B2A.|
U11-C05G2B|Current|(1992-    )|Contact bumps, bonding pads manufacture||See also U11-D03B1 for metallurgical details.|
U11-C05G2C|Current|(1992-    )|Vias, pillars, studs manufacture||See also U11-C05D3, U11-D03C3, U11-D03B9. Includes e.g. back side metallisation (see also U11-D03B9) and metallised vias through ceramic substrate for HF circuits.|'plated through holes', plug
U11-C05X|Current|(1992-    )|Other aspects of layer formation|||
U11-C06|Current||Mechanical treatment, surface chemical treatment of semiconductor substrate and beam lead mfr.|||
U11-C06A|Current|(1987-    )|Mechanical and surface chemical treatment|||
U11-C06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Cleaning, polishing or grinding|U11-C04A1|Prior to 1992 all cleaning processes are covered by U11-C04A1. From 1992 for cleaning processes relating to microlithography see U11-C04A1A. For cleaning leads after package encapsulation see U11-E02B. For materials involved e.g. polishers, abrasives, etc. see also U11-A10.|
U11-C06A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Grinding, bevelling, lapping, polishing|||
U11-C06A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Cleaning||Includes drying of wafer after cleaning process. Includes dry cleaning e.g. electrostatic. It also covers native oxide removal, but not etching of previously deposited Insulating layer. Includes cleaning apparatus but excludes cleaning of processing apparatus or package.|
U11-C06A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Process endpoint detection for cleaning, polishing or grinding|||
U11-C06A2|Current|(1992-    )|Cutting, dicing||Includes wafer production by crystal slicing or sawing, also dice preparation from wafer by scribing, making grooves, cracking, cleaving, breaking or cutting. For 'sticky-back' adhesive tape which holds wafer in place while cutting it into separate dice see also U11-F02A2.|grind, groove, slice, divide
U11-C06B|Current|(1987-    )|Beam lead device manufacturing techniques||See also U11-C08A5 when beam lead technique is used as isolation method between circuit elements. See also U11-C05D4 or/and U11-D03A1 codes when metallisation process is emphasised as main part of lead beam technique. Also includes mfr. of other structures on wafer usually assembled after dicing, e.g. lenses and encapsulant structures.|
U11-C06C|Current|(2007-    )|Masking techniques unrelated to microlithography||Masks and masking techniques for general etching, deposition or treatment, for semiconductor manufacture. Before 2007, see U11-C04D for all masking, along with other relevant codes, e.g. U11-C05D3 for masking techniques applied to interconnection manufacture, U11-C07D1 for masks used in etching fine details, U11-C18D and U14-K01A1C for masks used in optical filter manufacture for LCD, etc.|
U11-C07|Current||Etching; chemical treatment for semiconductor manufacture||Includes processes, e.g. dry, wet, beam etching to produce patterned structures. Also covers nature of material being etched and techniques to obtain intended etched structure.|
U11-C07A|Current|(1983-    )|Dry etching||For microlithography, e.g. plasma ashing, see U11-C04A1D.|
U11-C07A1|Current|(1987-    )|Reactive vapour, plasma-assisted etching techniques||Includes reactive ion etching, sputter etching and ion milling, plasma etching, reactive ion beam etching. For apparatus, see also U11-C09C. For etchant composition see also U11-A10.|
U11-C07A2|Current|(1987-    )|Using optical or particle beam to induce localised etching in ambient atmosphere of reactive gas||Includes e.g. selective laser induced etching (e.g. for metal-interconnection etching, where laser beam cracks oxide formed on metal surface prior to reactive etching).|
U11-C07A3|Current|(1987-    )|Detecting dry etching completion||Includes instrumentation and control. See also appropriate S02-A codes.|Monitor, endpoint
U11-C07A4|Current|(1987-    )|Laser or beam scribing, usually using air/inert atmosphere||Used also for fuse cutting or melting by laser (see also U11-D03B2), circuit trimming or repair (see also U11-C19A). For apparatus see also V05-F05A1.|Pattern, surface, trim, laser zapping
U11-C07B|Current|(1987-    )|Other wet-etching||Includes apparatus used for wet etching. For etchant composition see also U11-A10. For wet etching intended as cleaning process see also U11-C06A1B. For microlithography see also U11-C04A1 codes.|Solution, tank, water, fluid, acid, spray etching, aerosol jet, electrolytic etching
U11-C07B1|Current|(1987-    )|Detecting wet etching completion||Includes instrumentation and control. See also S02-A codes.|Monitor, endpoint
U11-C07C|Current|(1987-    )|Nature of materials being etched|||
U11-C07C1|Current|(1987-    )|Etching silicon||For polysilicon used as conductive layer, or in gate mfr. see also U11-C07C2.|
U11-C07C2|Current|(1987-    )|Etching conducting layers|||
U11-C07C3|Current|(1987-    )|Etching insulating layers|||
U11-C07C4|Current|(1987-    )|Etching non-silicon semiconductor|||
U11-C07C4A|Current|(1992-    )|Etching AIII-BV compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride
U11-C07C4B|Current|(1992-    )|Etching AII-BVI compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide
U11-C07C4C|Current|(1992-    )|Etching AIV elements and their compounds||Excludes elemental silicon.|Silicon carbide, diamond
U11-C07C4X|Current|(1992-    )|Etching other semiconductor material|||
U11-C07C5|Current|(1987-    )|Etching thin film|||Layer
U11-C07D|Current|(1987-    )|Etching techniques||Includes techniques for specific objectives.|
U11-C07D1|Current|(1987-    )|Etching to produce finer details||Includes use of sequence of etch and mask stages. For lift off see also U11-C04D1.|
U11-C07D2|Current|(1987-    )|Etching to produce taper or structural profiles of deposited layers on substrate|||
U11-C07D3|Current|(1987-    )|Planarisation by etching||Includes e.g. etching followed by smoothing layer (which may be also covered by U11-C05B9A).|Smoothing layer
U11-C07D4|Current|(1992-    )|Etching to produce trenches, grooves in semiconductor substrate|U11-C07D9||
U11-C07D9|Current|(1987-    )|Etching aspects - other|||
U11-C08|Current||Isolating IC components|||
U11-C08A|Current|(1987-    )|Methods for isolating IC components|||
U11-C08A1|Current|(1987-    )|P-N junction for isolating IC components||From 1997 buried insulating layer is coded in U11-C05B9C.|Diode isolation, buried layer
U11-C08A2|Current|(1987-    )|Locos or local substrate chemical reaction for isolating IC components|||Bird's beak, sidewall masked isolation, SWAMI, sealed interface local oxidation, SILO, selective polysilicon oxidation, SEPOX
U11-C08A3|Current|(1987-    )|Dielectric, polycrystalline silicon trench for isolating IC components||Includes trench refilling with dielectric or e.g. polysilicon. If used as sidewall isolation e.g. for SOI structures, P-N junction structures, see also U11-C05B9B, U11-C08A6 and U11-C08A1 codes as appropriate.|Buried oxide, BOX
U11-C08A4|Current|(1987-    )|Dielectric isolation process (sacrificial substrate) for isolating IC components|||Dielectric islands, epitaxial passivated IC, EPIC
U11-C08A5|Current|(1987-    )|Methods for isolating IC components - other||Includes proton bombardment, combination of above methods. Includes air gaps for isolation.|
U11-C08A6|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor on insulator|U11-C08A5, U13-D|Includes bonded wafers (see also U11-C01 and U11-C01J8A), full isolation by porous oxidised silicon (FIPOS), zone melted recrystallisation (ZMR), separation by silicon implanted buried oxide layer (SIMOX). See also U11-C08C for recrystallisation over insulating layers, selective epitaxial growth.|SEG, epitaxial lateral overgrowth, ELO, SOI, silicon on sapphire, SOS
U11-C08B|Current|(1987-    )|IC component isolation characterised by non-silicon semiconductor substrate|||
U11-C08B1|Current|(1992-    )|Isolating IC components on AIII-BV substrate||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride
U11-C08B2|Current|(1992-    )|Isolating IC components on AII-BVI substrate||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide
U11-C08B3|Current|(1992-    )|Isolating IC components on AIV element/compound substrate|||Silicon carbide, diamond
U11-C08B9|Current|(1992-    )|Isolating IC component on other substrate material|||
U11-C08C|Current|(1987-    )|Isolating IC component combined with subsequent further semiconductor material deposition||Includes recrystallisation of semiconductor over insulating layers (see also U11-C03J1), 3-D structures (see also U13-D05), selective epitaxial growth/epitaxial lateral overgrowth.|SEG, ELO
U11-C09|Current|(1983-    )|Sputtering, vapour deposition, plasma etc apparatus for semiconductor processing||From 1997 vacuum apparatus for semiconductor processing is covered by U11-C09Q. For electrical details see also X25-A04 codes. For generic deposition process masks use appropriate U11-C09 code with U11-C06C, and for specific material deposition use U11-C06C with other U11-C codes.|Chamber, vessel, gas, vacuum, holder, wafer boat
U11-C09A|Current|(1987-    )|Sputtering and other physical deposition apparatus||Includes targets, power supply and control. Also covers apparatus for thermal evaporation. See also V05-F05C codes.|Chamber, vessel, gas, vacuum, holder
U11-C09B|Current|(1987-    )|Chemical vapour deposition apparatus||For Plasma enhanced CVD apparatus, electron cyclotron resonance CVD appts see also U11-C09C. Also cover Vapour phase epitaxy (VPE) apparatus.|CVD, PECVD, ECRCVD, vertical reactor
U11-C09B1|Current|(2002-    )|Gas delivery head details for chemical vapour deposition|||Showerhead, gas flow
U11-C09C|Current|(1987-    )|Plasma, reactive ion apparatus||Includes dry etching apparatus (see also U11-C07A1), and apparatus for plasma activated CVD (see also U11-C09B). See also V05-F05C codes.|Microwave, source, generator, PECVD, ECRCVD
U11-C09D|Current|(1992-    )|Molecular beam epitaxy apparatus|U11-C09X, U11-C01A2|Includes molecular beam and ion beam apparatus.|
U11-C09E|Current|(2002-    )|Sintering/curing furnaces||Details of furnaces used for ceramic sintering, photoresist/other layer baking/drying, or encapsulant curing. For all other heating methods and equipment for semiconductor manufacture see U11-C03A.|
U11-C09F|Current|(1987-    )|Cleaning and maintenance of apparatus||Refers mainly to apparatus covered by U11-C09 codes.|Surface-trap, particle
U11-C09F1|Current|(2006-    )|Testing of manufacture apparatus||See also U11-C09 codes for type of apparatus being tested.|Fault diagnosis
U11-C09G|Current|(2011-    )|Laser treatment apparatus||Includes all laser treatment apparatus used for manufacturing semiconductor device. If used for heating a semiconductor substrate or wafer then also see U11-C03D|
U11-C09M|Current|(1997-    )|Multichamber apparatus for semiconductor processing|U11-C09|Includes self-contained apparatus with several rooms for various processes e.g. cleaning, deposition, etching.|
U11-C09Q|Current|(1997-    )|Vacuum equipment and pumps for semiconductor processing|U11-C09|Prior to 1997, for vacuum equipment see U11-C09.|General pumps, vacuum, holder
U11-C09X|Current|(1987-    )|Other apparatus for semiconductor processing|||
U11-C10|Current|(2005-    )|Prevention of charge build-up on wafer||Includes methods and apparatus for removing charge build-up on wafer which can cause incorrect operation of apparatus or damage to wafer during e.g. plasma process, charged particle beam lithography and charged particle beam microscopy. See also U11-F01B1 and S01 codes for monitoring of wafer charging.|Plasma damage
U11-C11|Current|(2005-    )|Pattern formation using scanning tunnelling microscope||Includes e.g. patterning, localised deposition and oxidation using scanning probe microscopes and other analogous microscopy techniques. Use in conjunction with other U11-C codes where applicable to particular process (e.g. U11-C11 and U11-C05C5 for localised deposition of conductive layer using SPM). Does not include microscopy per se, see S03-E02F codes and U11-F01B4 for application to semiconductor wafer measurement. See V05-F codes for novel apparatus and methods of apparatus monitoring, operation and control.|Scanning probe microscope, SPM, scanning tunnelling microscope, STM, atomic force microscope, AFM
U11-C12|Current|(2006-    )|Self-assembly monolayers||Includes self assembled monolayer deposition of all material types for semiconductor manufacture.|SAM, viral deposition
U11-C13|Current|(2007-    )|Nano scale structure formation and deposition|||
U11-C15|Current|(1987-    )|General aspects of semiconductor manufacture|||
U11-C15A|Current|(1992-    )|Wafer identification, shaping||Includes wafer labelling and reading wafer markings. Covers also shaping, bevelling wafer edges (see also U11-C06A1A). For marking IC package see U11-E02B. For marking defective chips on wafer as result of testing procedure see U11-F01D.|Wafer tracking, optical character recognition, bar code
U11-C15B|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor plant and facilities|||
U11-C15B1|Current|(1997-    )|Clean room equipment and clothing|U11-C15B|Includes systems for air conditioning, filtering, hazardous gas leak monitor. Covers protective clothing and anti-static materials used in clean room.|Air conditioning, filtering, environmental control, anti-static systems, gas supply, hazardous gas leak monitor
U11-C15B3|Current|(1997-    )|Water purification|U11-C15B||Water purification
U11-C15C|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor manufacture process control||For large scale process control, not for single processes. See also T01-J07B2 for computerised control systems.|Production management
U11-C15D|Current|(2006-    )|Control and monitoring of single or specific process/apparatus only||Includes automated fluid/gas control systems. See also U11-F01B and S02/S03 codes for film measurement. See U11-C04 codes or U11-C03A for control of lithography or temperature respectively. For process control of complete production facility and multiple processing stages see U11-C15C and T06 and T01 codes.|Feedback
U11-C15Q|Current|(1997-    )|Waste reprocessing and disposal in semiconductor processing|U11-C15X|Includes exhausts and exhaust management systems. For vacuum pumps and systems associated with exhaust and gas removal see also U11-C09Q. Prior to 199701 see U11-C15X.|
U11-C15X|Current|(1992-    )|Other semiconductor plant aspects|||
U11-C18|Current|(1987-    )|Multistep processes for semiconductor device mfr.|||
U11-C18A|Current|(1987-    )|Complete manufacture of transistor devices||This code is used for a sequence of steps with claims encompassing several of the above sections. For phototransistor manufacture see U11-C18B4. For BiCMOS complete manufacture see U13-D03B2. For CMOS manufacture see U13-D02A.|
U11-C18A1|Current|(1992-    )|Thin film transistor manufacture|U11-C18|For TFT manufacture for active matrix LCD see also U14-H01A and/or U14-K01A2B.|
U11-C18A2|Current|(1992-    )|Bipolar transistor manufacture||This code may be used in conjunction with U12-D01A codes to identify type of transistor.|
U11-C18A3|Current|(1992-    )|Unipolar transistor manufacture||This code may be used in conjunction with U12-D02A to U12-D02X codes to identify type of transistor.|FET
U11-C18B|Current|(1987-    )|Multistep processes for manufacture of electronic devices other than transistors per se||Capacitor manufacture is covered by U11-C05G1B, resistor manufacture by U11-C01G1A, inductor manufacture by U11-C05G1C. For Hall-effect device, galvanomagnetic device manufacture, see U12-B01 codes.|
U11-C18B1|Current|(1992-    )|Complete manufacture of diode devices||Photodiode manufacture is covered by U11-C18B4.|
U11-C18B2|Current|(1992-    )|Complete manufacture of thyristor devices|||
U11-C18B3|Current|(1992-    )|Complete manufacture of charge coupled devices|||
U11-C18B4|Current|(1992-    )|Complete manufacture of optoelectronic devices||Includes manufacture of monolithic and thin film photosensitive device e.g. photodiode, phototransistor, light emitting diode, laser diode, integrated optics. Laser diode manufacture is also covered by U12-A01B2. For LED manufacture see also U12-A01A2. |OEIC
U11-C18B5|Current|(1992-    )|Complete manufacture of memory||See also appropriate codes in U13-C, U13-D and/or U14.|
U11-C18B9|Current|(1992-    )|Complete manufacture of other devices||Includes manufacture of e.g. SAW devices (see also U14-G), field emitting structures (see also U12-B03D), superconductive devices (see also U14-F02B).|
U11-C18C|Current|(1987-    )|Mechanical structures e.g. membranes etc., transducers manufacture||See also U12-B03E or U12-B03F.|Pressure diaphragm, anisotropic, pressure
U11-C18D|Current|(1987-    )|Optical filter, lens array manufacture||Includes e.g. filters for CCD, transparent conductive layers for e.g. LCD, integrated optics. See also U14-H01E for thin-film spin-coated or dipped layers. Includes pixel/colour filters, lithography for general imager/display use.|
U11-C19|Current|(1992-    )|Trimming, circuit repair, safety circuits for semiconductor device|U11-C20||
U11-C19A|Current|(1992-    )|Circuit repair and redundant circuitry for semiconductor device||Includes late stage tailoring, cutting fuses with laser, focused ion beam (see also U11-C07A4), or opening fusible links with high current. For circuit repair by localised deposition see also U11-C05C5. For trimming thin/thick film for hybrid circuit see U14-H04B3B. For repair of integrated circuits using redundant circuitry. For memory redundancy see U14-D01A.|Laser zapping
U11-C19B|Current|(1992-    )|Method of securing IC from unauthorised copying and use||Includes narrow circuit cuts in metallised connections lines, disordering lattice structure or changing the doping level of a semiconductor region, by using e.g. laser or ion beam. For package adaptations see U11-D01C4.|
U11-C20|Current||Other aspects of semiconductor manufacture|||
U11-D|Current||Packages, mountings and terminals for semiconductor devices||Includes on-chip interconnection layout and metallurgical details.|
U11-D01|Current||Containers, enclosures and housing for semiconductor device||From 1997 sockets, connectors, holders for semiconductor devices are coded in U11-D01Q and V04-K02.|
U11-D01A|Current|(1987-    )|Integrated circuit packages and mountings||Includes substrates, mountings, e.g. ceramic, glass, metallic, used in packaging. Multilayer circuit packages, e.g. high density interconnect, are covered by U14-H03A1, U14-H03A4, and also, where appropriate, U11-D03C3 and/or U11-D03B codes. See also U14-H03C for high grade ceramic substrate, e.g. aluminium nitride. Multilayer ceramic substrates are also covered by U14-H03B codes for materials/structure.|
U11-D01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Lead frame or brazed type ceramic/resin encapsulated/metallic packages||Includes packages for both through hole and surface mounted devices (see also U11-D01A3). Prior to 199201 brazed type packages are covered by U11-D01A9.|Case, dual in line package, DIP, single in line package, SIP, zigzag in line, ZIP, CERDIP, CERQUAD, pin insertion type, chip in tape, TAB, anodised aluminium, hollow package, LOC, lead on chip
U11-D01A3|Current|(1987-    )|Leadless/surface mounting for semiconductor package||Includes leadless with via holes, but leadless arrays with stand-offs, e.g. pad grid arrays, are also covered by U11-D01A5. Prior to 199201 for chip carrier package see U11-D01A. For sockets for surface interconnect package to board see U11-D01 and V04-B01 or V04-K02. For flip-chip process and package see U11-E01C.|Surface mounted device, SMD, small outline integrated circuit, SOIC, flat pack, chip carrier, plastic leaded chip carrier, PLCC, gull-wing leads, TAB package, chip in tape, plastic quad flat pack, PQFP, ball grid array, BGA
U11-D01A3A|Current|(1997-    )|Chip on board packages|U11-D01A9|Includes direct attachment with protective polymer overcoat (see also U14-H03A3).|COB, glob top
U11-D01A4|Current|(1992-    )|High frequency package|U11-D01A9|Includes packages for high speed IC with large number of transmission and power lines. See also U14-H03C2 for microstrip/stripline circuitry and/or U11-D03B9 for metallurgical details. For terminals for high frequency devices see U11-D03A6.|Microwave, MMIC package
U11-D01A5|Current|(1987-    )|High pin count packages||E.g. pin/pad grid arrays, and high ball count BGA's (see also U11-D01A3).|Pad grid array, PGA, BGA
U11-D01A6|Current|(1992-    )|Multichip modules, high density package|U11-D03D, U14-H03C3|For multichip PGA modules see also U11-D01A5. For high density package mountings, e.g. high density interconnect, see U14-H03A1 and/or U14-H03A4, with manufacture covered by the appropriate subclasses in U11-C05D, U11-D03B, U11-D03C, U14-H04A. For hybrid circuit package see also U14-H03C3.|MCM
U11-D01A7|Current|(1987-    )|Low profile card type package for e.g. unencapsulated IC||Includes package for 'smart' card (see also T04-K). See U14-H01D for thin film aspects.|
U11-D01A8|Current|(1987-    )|Wafer scale package|||
U11-D01A9|Current|(1987-    )|Types of package - other||Includes e.g. transistor outline (plug type) package and bare chips (unpackaged).|TO package
U11-D01B|Current|(1987-    )|Discrete device package structure||Aspects regarding terminals for low/high power devices are covered by U11-D03A4/U11-D03A5.|Seal
U11-D01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Two terminal package||For LED packages see U12-A01A4, for laser diode package see U12-A01B3, for solar cell see U12-A02A1, for photodiode package see U12-A02B3.|Diode
U11-D01B3|Current|(1987-    )|Three or more terminal package||Includes bridge rectifier. For phototransistor package see U12-A02B3.|Transistor, bipolar, FET
U11-D01C|Current|(1987-    )|Special package adaptations||Includes package getters.|
U11-D01C1|Current|(1987-    )|Window structures e.g. for image sensor, ROMs|||Glass, pick-up, light, transparent, translucent, UV erasable memory
U11-D01C2|Current|(1992-    )|Package protection against radiation||Includes protection against e.g. light, alpha radiation, etc.|
U11-D01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Package protection against electrostatic discharge|U11-D03C1|See X25-S for general applications for static electricity prevention.|
U11-D01C4|Current|(1992-    )|Package protection from inspection and reverse engineering|U11-D01C9|Includes e.g. security coatings and/or other adaptation to prevent unauthorised reproduction of the integrated circuit.|
U11-D01C5|Current|(1997-    )|Electromagnetic shielding for semiconductor package|U11-D01C9||
U11-D01C6|Current|(1997-    )|Thermal protection for semiconductor package|U11-D01C9||
U11-D01C9|Current|(1987-    )|Special package adaptations - other||Includes e.g. special moisture barrier, protection against short-circuit. For fire retardant barriers. Hermetic seal structures (for sealing process see also U11-E02A2).|
U11-D01Q|Current|(1997-    )|Sockets, connectors and holders|U11-D01|Previously coded in U11-D01. For conversion sockets. Sockets, connectors, holders for semiconductor devices are also coded in V04-K02. See also appropriate package code.|
U11-D02|Current||Cooling, heating and ventilating arrangements for semiconductor package||See V04-T03 codes for cooling/heating of electronic equipment in general.|Fin, heat sink, block, radiate, coolant, liquid
U11-D02A|Current|(1987-    )|High power thyristor, transistor, rectifier cooling arrangements|||
U11-D02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Stacks, installations cooling|||
U11-D02B|Current|(1987-    )|Medium power transistor modules and heat sinks||Includes materials that facilitate heat transfer.|
U11-D02B1|Current|(1987-    )|Internal cooling structures on chip or within package||Includes permanent, non-removable heat sinks.|
U11-D02B2|Current|(1987-    )|External heat sink mounted on package||Includes mainly detachable heat sinks.|
U11-D02C|Current|(1987-    )|Cryogenic - for photodetector or superconductor electronics||Search with U14-F for superconductor aspects. See X25-V for electrical aspects of cryogenic system per se.|Cryostat
U11-D02D|Current|(1987-    )|Cooling for surface mounted chip assemblies, modules, chip on substrate|||
U11-D02D1|Current|(1992-    )|Cooling arrangements with heat transfer by fluid means|||
U11-D02D2|Current|(1992-    )|Cooling arrangements with Peltier element|||
U11-D02E|Current|(2007-    )|Heating arrangements for semiconductor package||Includes package structures, internal or external to cause or facilitate heating within a semiconductor package|
U11-D03|Current||Lead-frames, terminals, interconnections, wiring layout|||
U11-D03A|Current|(1983-    )|Lead and terminal arrangements|||
U11-D03A1|Current|(1987-    )|Lead frames; carrier tapes (structure, mfr.)|||
U11-D03A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Lead frames||For transporting, handling lead frames see also U11-F02A. Materials, e.g. metallic alloys, are also covered by U11-A08B and U11-D03B. Includes manufacture, although if particular aspects of manufacture are emphasised, other relevant codes may be used, e.g. U11-C05C6 for electroplating.|
U11-D03A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Carrier tapes||Includes leads in insulating substrates, e.g. tapes for TAB; multilayer metal beam tape e.g. for area array TAB. Also covers editing or cutting to remove defective pattern units from TAB tape and to rearrange remaining desired portions. For carrier tapes for transporting semiconductor device packages see U11-F02A4.|ATAB
U11-D03A2|Current|(1987-    )|Connection details between lead frame and chip terminals||Includes wire and gang bonding (see also U11-E01A, U11-E01B respectively). For bonding pads, bump terminals, e.g. raised pad on bonding tape, see also U11-D03B1.|
U11-D03A3|Current|(1987-    )|Details of other types of terminals for IC packages||Includes aspects regarding shape of leads, pins. For forming leads after encapsulation see U11-E02B.|J leads, gull-wing leads
U11-D03A4|Current|(1987-    )|Terminals for low/medium power diodes and transistors|||
U11-D03A5|Current|(1987-    )|Terminals for higher power diodes/transistors/thyristors|||
U11-D03A6|Current|(1987-    )|Terminals for high frequency devices|||Microwave
U11-D03A9|Current|(1987-    )|Types of connection to chips - other||For solder preforms see also U14-H03A2 (hybrid circuits). See also V04-A06 for direct connections to PCBs using conductive adhesives, and V04-A11 for direct connection using anisotropic connectors.|
U11-D03B|Current|(1983-    )|Metallurgical connections, materials, structure, details of interconnections|||
U11-D03B1|Current|(1987-    )|Terminals to chip, bonding pads, wire bonds, bonding wire, bump terminals||Includes flip chip pads (see also U11-E01C). For complete mfr. of contact bumps or bonding pads see U11-C05G2B.|Ball limiting metallurgy, BLM, top surface metallurgy, TSM
U11-D03B2|Current|(1987-    )|Metallurgical aspects of interconnections within chip, package||Includes forming of diffusion barrier, e.g. titanium nitride, titanium tungsten, to prevent spiking, methods and structure to prevent electromigration, e.g. slits in bent wiring section etc. Also includes metallurgical aspects related to electrodes. Covers structure which ensures minimum resistance interconnections, also air-bridges, fuses (for fuse mfr. see U11-C05G2A).|Electromigration, air bridges
U11-D03B2A|Retired|(1997-2001)|Fuses, antifuses*|U11-D03B2|*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1997 to 2001. See U12-C04 from 200201. For mfr. of fuse see U11-C05G2A.|
U11-D03B3|Current|(1987-    )|Metallurgy, solder, conductive adhesive connecting chip base to substrate or lead-frame||Includes forming conductor patterns on ceramic, glass based packaging, joints or bonds in multilayer packages between metallised components such as pins, leads or heat sinks and ceramic substrates. Covers joining metal-ceramics when, e.g. attaching lids to ceramic package (see also U11-E02A2). Also includes adhesives for die bonding (see also U11-E02A3).|Plated heat sink, eutectic alloying, self soldering, solder reflow, solder mask
U11-D03B9|Current|(1987-    )|Metallurgical aspects - other||Includes high frequency monolithic signal transmission lines (see also U14-H03C2 and, where appropriate, U11-D03C1, U11-D03C3), wafer scale and thin film circuit multilayer interconnection. Also covers back-side metallisation for MMIC.|Microstrip
U11-D03C|Current|(1987-    )|Integrated circuit wiring details||Includes layout, logic, signal transfer and multichip interconnection details. See also corresponding U13 and U14 codes where appropriate.|Cell
U11-D03C1|Current|(1987-    )|Power supply, grounding details, wiring layout||Includes analogue wiring, capacitors or other passive components, protection fuses fixed inside package, I/O pad layout, wiring reconfiguration, wafer test pad wiring layout e.g. for built-in testing (see also U11-F01D2). For design aspects regarding wiring layout see U11-G.|
U11-D03C1A|Current|(1997-    )|Wiring layout, power supply|U11-D03C1|Includes analogue wiring, I/O pad layout, wiring reconfiguration, wafer test pad wiring layout e.g. for built-in testing (see also U11-F01D2). For design aspects regarding wiring layout see U11-G.|
U11-D03C1B|Current|(1997-    )|Passive elements within package|U11-D03C1|Includes by-pass capacitors or other passive components, protection fuses fixed inside package.|Decoupling capacitor
U11-D03C2|Current|(1987-    )|High density digital wiring||Includes wiring for gate arrays (see also U13-C04D).|Master-slice
U11-D03C3|Current|(1987-    )|Power/signal transfer||Includes e.g. opto-electronic, inductive, capacitive, feed-through arrangements for high speed devices. For multichip high density interconnect see also U14-H03A1 and/or U14-H03A4.|
U11-D03C3A|Current|(1997-    )|Noise reduction|U11-D03C3|For noise reduction interconnections, and removal of cross talk, coupling/decoupling capacitance.|Cross talk, Parasitic capacitance
U11-D03C3B|Current|(1997-    )|3-D interconnection, chip on chip|U11-D03C3|Includes e.g. opto-electronic, inductive, and capacitive feed through arrangements for high speed devices. For multi-chip high density interconnect see also U14-and/or U14-H03A4. Also includes interconnects for spherical IC's.|
U11-D03D|Current|(1987-    )|Lead-frames, terminals, interconnections, wiring layout - other|||
U11-E|Current||Assembly for semiconductor package|||
U11-E01|Current||Attaching leads to semiconductor package|||
U11-E01A|Current|(1983-    )|Wire bonding for semiconductor package||For wire material see also U11-A08B and U11-D03B1. Includes e.g. thermosonic and thermocompression bonding.|Capillary
U11-E01B|Current|(1987-    )|Tape automated bonding for semiconductor package||Includes inner and/or outer lead bonding by, e.g. thermosonics, thermocompression, laser bonding. Also covers beam lead bonding. For carrier tape structure and mfr. see U11-D03A1B.|TAB, Bread-board, ILB, OLB, gang bonding
U11-E01C|Current|(1992-    )|Flip chip technology for semiconductor package|U11-D03A9, U11-E01X, U14-H03A2|Contact bump manufacture is covered by U11-C05G2B. For metallurgical aspects relating to bumps, e.g. ball limiting and/or top surface metallurgy, see also U11-D03B1.|Controlled collapse bonding, CCB, controlled collapse chip connection, C4, face down
U11-E01X|Current|(1987-    )|Methods for attaching leads to package - other||Covers e.g. cleaning aspects related to lead attaching, fitting PGA pins, etc.|
U11-E02|Current||Mounting; encapsulating; filling|||
U11-E02A|Current|(1987-    )|Encapsulation||For non resin or metallic encapsulation.|Seal, glass, glaze
U11-E02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Resin encapsulation||Includes mould design, manufacture, materials. Also covers coatings to protect stress sensitive areas, e.g. wires or die during encapsulation. If mentioned covers are meant to improve radiation immunity, see also U11-D01C2. For encapsulant materials see U11-A07.|Transfer moulding
U11-E02A2|Current|(1987-    )|Package assembly, attaching covers, joining dissimilar materials||Includes CERDIP technology to ensure hermetic seal ceramic packages. For joining metal-ceramic interfaces see also U11-D03B3.|Alignment, airtight seal, hollow package
U11-E02A3|Current|(1987-    )|Handling chip, die bonding||Includes die attachment to appropriate mount media, e.g. paddle of lead frame or refractory ceramic packages. If die attach pad is novel, e.g. for reducing die stress in semiconductor die assembly, see also U11-D03A1. For metallurgical aspects of eutectic, solder or polymer die bonding see also U11-D03B3. For positioning aspects see also U11-F02B.|Wafer, slice
U11-E02A9|Current|(1987-    )|Encapsulation details - other||Includes e.g. positioning of chip in rapport with predeterminable stress factors to reduce voltage offsets, marking TAB before encapsulation, forming lens on package, etc. Also includes use of phosphor within package encapsulant e.g. for white light LED (see also U12-A01A4A).|
U11-E02B|Current|(1987-    )|Processes undertaken after encapsulation||Includes opening package for internal inspection and package repairs.|
U11-E02B1|Current|(1997-    )|Shaping and trimming leads|U11-E02B|Includes isolation of leads and paddle from each other and frame, i.e. lead frame trimming, lead forming. Also covers forming shorting bar protection to prevent lead deformation during transport, lead cladding or solder application to outer leads.|Cut, bend, press, shape, soldering barrier, chip carrier ring
U11-E02B3|Current|(1997-    )|Cleaning and marking package|U11-E02B|Includes cleaning, deburring and marking package.|Mark, deflashing, deburring
U11-F|Current||Measuring; positioning for semiconductor technology|||
U11-F01|Current|(1983-    )|Measuring; testing (including sorting) for semiconductor technology||See also S01-G01, S01-G02, for testing electrical properties. For checking store/memory operation see also U14-D. Measurement of non-electrical properties, e.g. dimensions, flaw detection etc., is also coded in S02 and S03 as appropriate.|
U11-F01A|Current|(1983-    )|Measuring material properties for semiconductor manufacture|||
U11-F01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Doping and carrier transport related measurements||Includes measuring doping level, concentration, minority carrier lifetime, carrier mobility, semiconductor wafer conductivity. See also S03-E02 codes.|Deep level
U11-F01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring level and nature of defects in semiconductor material||Includes measurements related to e.g. stacking faults, dislocations, inherent stress in material.|Oxidation-induced stacking fault, OSF
U11-F01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Surface topography measurements for semiconductor processing||See also S02-A codes.|Flatness, curvature, profile, smoothness
U11-F01A4|Current|(1992-    )|Measurements of physical parameters, e.g. temperature for semiconductor processing||Includes measurements for various processes in semiconductor manufacture, e.g. annealing, deposition. See also S03-B, S03-A codes.|
U11-F01A5|Current|(1997-    )|Chemical composition measurement for semiconductor processing|U11-F01A9|Bragg diffraction testing for semiconductor wafer. Also includes impurity analysis.|Spectroscopy
U11-F01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Measurements for semiconductor processing - other||Includes energy bandgap measurement. Covers also dielectric test (e.g. measuring relative dielectric constant). For crystal structure.|
U11-F01B|Current|(1983-    )|Film parameter measurement for semiconductor processing|||
U11-F01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Measuring during semiconductor manufacturing process, within reaction vessels|||In situ
U11-F01B2|Current|(1987-    )|Measuring using beam scanning||Includes measurements related to point defects, e.g. dust on wafer surface. For optical inspection in general see S03-E04 codes. In particular, S03-E04F codes cover optical techniques for flaw detection or contamination. For Electron beam microscopy see also U11-F01B4 and V05-F01 codes as appropriate. See also V05 codes for novel electron beam methods and apparatus aspects.|
U11-F01B3|Current|(1987-    )|Measuring using image recognition||See T04-D codes also.|Pattern, memory, compare, discriminate
U11-F01B4|Current|(1997-    )|Optical or electron microscopy for semiconductor processing|U11-F01B9|Includes visual inspection. For electron microscopy at film level. For electron microscopes per se see also S03-E06B1 and V05-F01 codes.|
U11-F01B5|Current|(1997-    )|Film thickness measurement for semiconductor processing|U11-F01B|Includes measuring thickness of deposited layer, profile of semiconductor structure. (See also S02-A02 codes). Prior to 199701 see U11-F01B.|
U11-F01B6|Current|(2007-    )|X-ray testing for semiconductor processing||Testing using X-rays|
U11-F01B9|Current|(1987-    )|Measuring/testing aspects for semiconductor processing - other|||
U11-F01C|Current|(1983-    )|Semiconductor device testing||Includes measurements on individual semiconductor chips, after separation from wafer and/or individual module package. Measurements at internal circuit nodes for wafers are covered by U11-F01D. If details regarding type of testing are emphasised, see appropriate code in U11-F01C and U11-F01G. For on-chip testing, e.g. built-in test, see U11-F01D2, U13-C07, U21-C03D.|Known good die
U11-F01C1|Current|(1987-    )|Probes, connector apparatus for semiconductor device testing||Includes probe heads, contact parts, e.g. clips, sockets, liquid or conductive rubber contacts, connection to mount, strip line. See also S01-G02B5 and S01-H03 codes. Probes for testing semiconductors mounted on PCB's are coded in V04-R06 codes.|Burn in board, prober
U11-F01C3|Current|(1987-    )|Testing integrated circuits||Includes measurement on encapsulated chip, or die prior to encapsulation, the IC being regarded as a functional block (see also S01-G02B codes). Covers also automated testing by using off-chip random pattern generators (see also U11-F01D2B).|Stuck at fault testing, IDDQ, quiescent current, DUT
U11-F01C5|Current|(1987-    )|Testing diodes, transistors, solar cells, CCD, others||Includes semiconductor laser testing (see also|
U11-F01D|Current|(1983-    )|Testing circuits on wafer||Includes testing performed on individual device at wafer level, marking defective chips on wafers. Also covers built-in testing (U11-F01D2). For testing at interval circuit nodes see S01-G01A1 or S01-G01C1; for checking device as functional block see S01-G02B1.|
U11-F01D1|Current|(1987-    )|Probes, contacts, signal transfer methods for testing circuits on wafer||Includes wafer prober, probe card. See also S01-G02B1 and S01-H03 codes. For probes for testing semiconductors mounted on PCB's are coded in V04-R06 codes.|
U11-F01D2|Current|(1987-    )|Circuitry on chip to aid testing||See also U13-C07 and/or U21-C03D for digital/logic circuit aspects. For computer processing details see also T01-G02A2B.|Built-in self test, BIST
U11-F01D2A|Current|(1992-    )|Scan based testing method for integrated circuits|U11-F01D, U13-C07|Includes level sensitive scan design.|LSSD, scan path, set/scan logic
U11-F01D2B|Current|(1992-    )|Signature analysis and random pattern generation for testing integrated circuits|U13-C07, U21-C03D|For off-chip random pattern generators see also U11-F01C3.|
U11-F01D3|Current|(1987-    )|Separate electronic testing apparatus for testing semiconductor devices, ICs, etc.||Includes e.g. electron microscope with secondary electron measurement (see also V05-F01A1, V05-F08B and S01-G01A1 or S01-G01C1).|Strobe, analyser, electron microscope
U11-F01E|Current|(1987-    )|Testing circuit packages, chip carriers and multilayer circuit boards||Includes e.g. bonding strength test, detection of abnormal bonding, air-tightness test, moisture resistance of encapsulation, lead or bump inspection. For automatic visual inspection see also T04-D07 codes.|Pin
U11-F01F|Current|(1987-    )|Hybrid circuit testing||Includes also testing matrix array, for LCD (see also U14-K01A8). For hybrid circuits testing see also U14-H04B9.|
U11-F01G|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by the type of tests being carried out||This code is usually applied with one of above U11-F01 codes depending on device being tested. Includes life test, ageing, e.g. acceleration test, burn-in test, fatigue test, also mechanical strength test, e.g. vibration, impact test, moisture resistance, e.g. pressure cooker test, thermal impact test (see also appropriate codes in S01, S02, S03).|
U11-F02|Current|(1983-    )|Handling components|||
U11-F02A|Current|(1983-    )|Wafer/chip holders and conveyors||Includes e.g. lead frame transfer, transport (see also U11-D03A1 codes).|
U11-F02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Wafer holders and conveyers for storage, transport||Includes transfer from processing station to another. Also includes transfer and storage of LCD parts during LCD panel manufacture and assembly, also U14-K01A1K.|Carry, position, feed, support, tweezers, SMIF, standard mechanical interface, pod
U11-F02A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Wafer protection during transport and storage||Includes covering wafer with cling film, oxide layer for protection during wafer handling.|
U11-F02A2|Current|(1987-    )|Jig holders for handling wafers within processing apparatus||Includes also clamping mechanism with temperature regulated platen (see also U11-C09 codes).|Chuck, table, vacuum, hold down, susceptor, electrostatic
U11-F02A3|Current|(1987-    )|Chip die handling||Includes carrier tapes for die transport.|
U11-F02A4|Current|(1987-    )|Holders and transport for IC packages, encapsulated devices||Includes carrier lines to e.g. test devices (see also U11-F01C), integrated circuit magazine, sockets to prevent lead deformation during transport, carrier tapes. For transporting packages and storage of devices.|
U11-F02B|Current|(1983-    )|Positioning for semiconductor device manufacture||Includes detecting, positioning, of wafer orientation flat.|Orient, angle, align, rotate, stage, control, notch
U11-G|Current|(1987-    )|Integrated circuit design including wiring layout, use of CAD etc.||Includes geometrical layout of components, e.g. standard cell, custom LSI, semi-custom input/output layout, automatic routing. See also T01-J15A2. See also U11-C15C for computer simulation of mfr. process. For computer simulation of semiconductor device operation see also U11-F01.|Pattern, LSI, connect, computer aided design
U11-G01|Current|(2002-    )|Integrated circuit design using CAD|||
U11-G02|Current|(2002-    )|Automated component/interconnect layout design||Includes software packages. For software simulation see T01-J15 and U11-C15C codes.|VHDL
U11-G03|Current|(2002-    )|Circuit simulation and/or fault finding techniques||Includes software simulations.|
U11-G09|Current|(2002-    )|Other IC design aspects|||
U11-H|Current|(2007-    )|End of life-cycle product recycling||Includes: old displays, LCDs or any U11 to U14 product recycling that has reached the end of it's life-cycle.|
U12|Current||Discrete devices||This section deals with individual semiconductor devices for use either as discrete device per se, or as an element of an integrated circuit. U12 codes are also used for inventions involving manufacture (together with U11 codes) to define as far as possible the nature of the device being manufactured. From 9201 U12-Q code has been introduced to indicate devices used in integrated circuit embodiments.|
U12-A|Current||Opto-electronic devices|||
U12-A01|Current||Light emitting devices with jump or surface barrier||Including packages, arrays and electronic drive circuitry.|
U12-A01A|Current||Light emitting diodes|||
U12-A01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Semiconductor structure of individual LED|||
U12-A01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|LED with AIII-BV compound layers||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, indium phosphide
U12-A01A1B|Current|(1992-    )|LED with AII-BVI compound layers||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Cadmium telluride, cadmium sulphide, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium mercury telluride
U12-A01A1C|Current|(1992-    )|LED with AIV element/compound (except elemental silicon) layers|||Diamond, silicon carbide
U12-A01A1D|Current|(1997-    )|LED with indirect bandgap semiconductor|||Silicon, germanium
U12-A01A1E|Current|(2006-    )|LEDs with Organic Materials|U12-A01A1X||OLED
U12-A01A1X|Current|(1992-    )|LED with other type of semiconductor||From 2006 see U12-A01A1E for polymeric and organic LEDs, see also U12-B03C for general organic device aspects.|Lead sulphide
U12-A01A2|Current|(1987-    )|LED manufacture||Includes manufacture of complete device or more specific aspects e.g. polarizing/optical film, electrode mfr. (see also U11-C05F6), arrays of LEDs. If deposition/etching techniques are emphasised, see also U11-C01/U11-C07 codes.|LED
U12-A01A3|Current|(1987-    )|Monolithic or hybrid circuit LED arrays|||Display, optical print head
U12-A01A4|Current|(1987-    )|Package construction for LED||See also U11-D01B1.|Resin, seal, lens
U12-A01A4A|Current|(2005-    )|Packages for white LEDs||Covers all special package adaptations specific to white LEDs e.g. phosphor (see also U12-A01A4B for phosphor aspects).|
U12-A01A4B|Current|(2006-    )|Packages with phosphors||Covers all wavelength conversion aspects for LEDs, including phosphors for white and non-white light LEDs. For white-light-LED packages see also U12-A01A4A.|
U12-A01A5|Current|(1987-    )|Drive circuitry for LED||See also under application.|Switch, control, modulator
U12-A01A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Drive circuit for individual LED|||
U12-A01A5B|Current|(1992-    )|Drive circuit for LED array|||
U12-A01A6|Current|(1987-    )|Arrays of encapsulated LEDs|||Display, optical print head
U12-A01A7|Current|(2007-    )|Light emitting diode displays||For display drivers see also U12-A01A5 codes. For monolithic and unencapsulated LED array displays see also U12-A01A3, and for encapsulated LED array displays see also U12-A01A6.|LED display, OLED display
U12-A01B|Current||Semiconductor lasers||See V08-A04A also. For testing of semiconductor laser see U11-F01C5.|
U12-A01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Semiconductor details of laser body||Includes p-n junction lasers. For manufacture of laser electrodes see U11-C05F6 and V08-A01B also.|Ohmic contact, Schottky barrier layer, PN-junction, homojunction laser
U12-A01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Heterojunction semiconductor laser||Includes carrier confinement structures e.g. inverted rib, ridge waveguide, etched mesa, buried heterostructure, channelled substrate buried heterostructure, constricted mesa. For quantum well, superlattice lasers U12-A01B1B takes precedence.|
U12-A01B1B|Current|(1992-    )|Quantum well semiconductor laser||Includes superlattice aspects.|Vertical-cavity surface-emitting, stripe confinement, double heterojunction
U12-A01B1J|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor laser arrays|U12-A01B1, U13-D04||
U12-A01B2|Current|(1987-    )|Laser diode manufacture||Use instead of U12-A01B1 if emphasis is on mfr. rather than semiconductor body details. See also appropriate codes in U11 if particular aspects of e.g. deposition, etching, isolation, electrode mfr. are emphasised. Excludes any packaging aspects.|Etch, cladding layer
U12-A01B3|Current|(1987-    )|Packages for semiconductor lasers||For particular aspects of packaging which may be also applicable to other semiconductor devices, see also U11-D codes. Includes impedance matching, terminals. For connection to optical fibre see also U12-A01C.|Bond, mount, cap, cover, glass, interconnect
U12-A01B3A|Current|(1992-    )|Cooling arrangements for semiconductor laser package||See also appropriate codes in U11-D02 and|
U12-A01B4|Current|(1987-    )|Electronic drive circuitry for individual semiconductor laser||See also V08-A02A.|
U12-A01B6|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor laser characterised by type of semiconductor material||This code does not apply to semiconductor lasers using conventional materials belonging to AIII-BV group. It includes e.g. heterojunctions with beryllium carbon nitride, boron nitride, cadmium telluride layers.|Chalcopyrite, zinc blend crystal
U12-A01C|Current|(1987-    )|Optical fibre connections to LEDs, lasers or photoreceivers||When the connection to optical fibre implies package alterations see also appropriate code i.e. U12-A01A4 for LED, U12-A01B3 for laser, U12-A02B3 for photoreceiver. See also V07-G10C.|Couple, align, waveguide, photocoupler
U12-A01X|Current||Aspects of light emitting devices - other|||
U12-A02|Current||Radiation sensitive devices|||
U12-A02A|Current||Radiation sensitive devices for energy conversion||See X15 also for solar power generation.|Photovoltaic, solar cell
U12-A02A1|Current|(1983-    )|Single solar cell||Prior to 199701 all packaging aspects of individual solar cells were covered by this code, from 9701 they are covered by U12-A02A4E.|
U12-A02A2|Current|(1987-    )|Semiconductor materials and structures for solar cells||E.g. for monocrystalline, amorphous and heterojunction structures. For thin film solar cells see also U12-B03B.|
U12-A02A2A|Current|(1992-    )|Solar cells with AII-BVI compounds|||
U12-A02A2B|Current|(1992-    )|Solar cell with AIII-BV compounds|||
U12-A02A2C|Current|(1992-    )|Solar cell with AIV compounds||Excludes elemental silicon.|
U12-A02A2D|Current|(2006-    )|Solar Cells with Organic Materials||Excludes elemental silicon.|
U12-A02A2E|Current|(1997-    )|Solar cell with chalcogenide/chalcopyrite compounds|U12-A02A2X|Includes materials not covered by U12-A02A2A to U12-A02A2C codes, e.g. AI-BII-CVI, AII-BIV-CV, AII-BIV-CVI group semiconductors. For heterojunctions with e.g. copper indium selenide/cadmium sulphide films or copper indium selenide/cadmium sulphide films see also U12-E01 codes.|Copper indium sulphide, copper gallium selenide, copper indium selenide, lead sulphide
U12-A02A2F|Current|(1992-    )|Solar cell with amorphous, polycrystalline semiconductor|||Hydrogenated a-Si
U12-A02A2Q|Current|(1992-    )|Solar cell structure||For tandem solar cells see U12-A02A4C.|Back surface field, textured cell, V-groove multijunction
U12-A02A2X|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor materials for solar cells - other||From 2006 see U12-A02A2D for devices using polymeric and organic layers. For tandem solar cells see U12-A02A4C.|
U12-A02A3|Current|(1987-    )|Characterised by solar cell manufacture||Use instead of U12-A02A2 if manufacturing apparatus details are mentioned without emphasis on novel materials or structures.|
U12-A02A4|Current|(1987-    )|Solar cell substrate, electrode and packaging|||
U12-A02A4A|Current|(1992-    )|Solar cell electrodes||Include electrode structure and material. For manufacture see U11-C05F6. For thin film transparent conductive layer details see also U14-H01E.|
U12-A02A4B|Current|(1992-    )|Solar cell substrate details|||
U12-A02A4C|Current|(1992-    )|Multifunction tandem solar cells||Includes both mechanically stacked cells (held together by an adhesive or bonding techniques), and monolithically integrated multifunction cells.|
U12-A02A4D|Current|(1992-    )|Covering layers for solar cells||Includes e.g. passivating, anti-reflection film, back surface layers. Also resin layers and/or adhesive layers as part of protection film/barrier layer only.|
U12-A02A4E|Current|(1997-    )|Packaging aspects for solar cells|U12-A02A1||
U12-A02A5|Current|(1983-    )|Assemblies of solar cells|U12-A02A5, U12-A02A6|Microlithography for forming interconnections. Monolithic integration. Solar battery. Also includes frame assembly, installation of solar panels, supporting of solar power generation module|Solar battery
U12-A02A6|Retired|(1987-1996)|Assemblies of cells on separate substrates*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1996. From 199701 all aspects regarding solar cell assemblies are covered by U12-A02A5.|
U12-A02A7|Current|(1992-    )|Power transfer, circuitry arrangements for solar cells|U12-A02A9||Control, voltage/current regulator, charge
U12-A02A8|Current|(2005-    )|Dye sensitized solar cells||See also X15 codes as appropriate.|
U12-A02A9|Current|(1987-    )|Other radiation sensitive devices for energy conversion||Includes e.g. hybrid systems (wind-photovoltaic, thermophotovoltaic, etc.). For photoelectrochemical cells after 2005 see U12-A02A8.|
U12-A02B|Current||Photoreceiver for controlling current flow|||Optical, IR, light, photoelectric, photodetector, avalanche
U12-A02B1|Current|(1987-    )|Photoresistor, photoconductor|||
U12-A02B2|Current|(1987-    )|Phototransistor, photodiode|||Infrared light, optical, photoelectric
U12-A02B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Photodiode||Includes p-n junction diode, p-i-n diode, metal-semiconductor diode (Schottky barrier), heterojunction diode, avalanche photodiode.|APD, PD, PIN
U12-A02B2B|Current|(1992-    )|Phototransistor||Includes bipolar and field effect phototransistor.|FET
U12-A02B2C|Current|(1992-    )|Photothyristor|U12-A02B, U12-A02B2, U12-D01B||Light activated thyristor
U12-A02B3|Current|(1987-    )|Package details for photoreceiver||Includes packages for devices in U12-A02B1 and U12-A02B2. For specific packaging aspects which may be also applicable to other semiconductor devices, see also U11-D codes.|Window, cap
U12-A02B4|Current|(1987-    )|Electronic circuits for photodiodes and phototransistors||See also under application, e.g. for opto-receiver amplifiers in general see U24-G01A5, and for such amplifiers in optical communication systems see also W02-C04A3B.|Bias, current, amplify, demodulate
U12-A02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Photoreceiver characterised by material|U12-A02B||
U12-A02B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Photoreceiver with AII-BVI compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Cadmium sulphide, cadmium telluride, mercury selenide, cadmium mercury telluride, zinc sulphide, mercury zinc selenium telluride
U12-A02B5B|Current|(1992-    )|Photoreceiver with AIII-BV compounds||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium indium arsenide, gallium arsenide phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium arsenide
U12-A02B5C|Current|(1992-    )|Photoreceiver with amorphous, polycrystalline semiconductor|||Hydrogenated a-Si
U12-A02B5D|Current|(1997-    )|Photoreceiver with AIV elements and their compounds|U12-A02B5X||Diamond, silicon carbide, germanium
U12-A02B5E|Current|(2006-    )|Photoreceiver with organic materials|U12-A02B5X||
U12-A02B5X|Current|(1992-    )|Photoreceiver with other semiconductor materials||Includes materials not covered by U12-A02B5A to U12-A02B5D codes, e.g. AI-BIII-CVI group and AII-BIV-CV group semiconductors.|Chalcopyrite compounds, copper indium sulphide, copper gallium selenide, chalcogenide compounds, zinc tin arsenide, cadmium germanium arsenide, lead sulphide, bacteriorhodopsin
U12-A02C|Current||Structurally combined with light emitter|||
U12-A02C1|Current|(1987-    )|Optocouplers, optoisolators||Includes structure, packaging aspects.|Light, LED, photodiode, phototransistor, photocoupler
U12-A02C2|Current|(1987-    )|Light path emerging from package||E.g. for reflective light barrier, rotary encoder. (See also S03-C09, U21-A03J/W05-D01 codes respectively).|Light switch, photointerrupter, reflection switch
U12-A02C3|Current|(1987-    )|Semiconductor light transmitting and receiving device||Includes light amplifiers, modulators (see also V07-K01A, V07-K01C1).|
U12-A03|Current|(1992-    )|Devices sensitive to X-ray, gamma ray, particle and ions|U12-A02B, U12-B03X|See S03-G02B2G for radiation intensity measurement using semiconductor sensors or S03-E06H5A for semiconductor x-ray imaging detectors.|
U12-B|Current||Hall-, ovshinsky- and gunn-effect devices; dielectric triodes, devices not covered elsewhere in U12|||
U12-B01|Current|(1987-    )|Hall-effect, magnetoresistive or spintronic devices|||
U12-B01A|Current|(1992-    )|Hall effect devices||Includes materials, manufacture and structure of device.|
U12-B01B|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetoresistive or spintronic devices||Covers manufacture or structure of all magnetoresistive devices. Includes spintronic devices that involve giant magnetoresistance. Also covers spin detection in ferromagnetic semiconductor sources.|Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) device, spintronic device
U12-B02|Current|(1987-    )|Ovshinsky devices. Bulk negative differential resistance (NDR) devices||For negative resistance FET see U12-D02J1.|
U12-B02A|Current|(1992-    )|Gunn-effect devices||Includes Transferred-Electron Devices.|TED
U12-B03|Current|(1987-    )|Devices and thick/thin film and organic semiconductor devices - other||See also U14-H codes for film circuits.|
U12-B03A|Current|(1987-    )|Thin/thick film transistors (inorganic)||Covers materials and structural details of individual device rather than array or layout details. Includes coplanar type, stagger structure TFT.|Reverse staggered
U12-B03B|Current|(1987-    )|Thick/thin film devices (inorganic) other than transistors||Includes e.g. thin film solar cells (see also U12-A02 or U12-A02A2Q).|
U12-B03C|Current|(1987-    )|Organic devices||Excludes chemical or pressure-sensitive transducers (see U12-B03E). For LEDs, Solar cells and photoreceivers with organic layers see U12-A01A1E, U12-A02A2D and U12-A2B5E respectively.|Bacteriorhodopsin
U12-B03D|Current|(1992-    )|Cold cathode field emission devices|U12-B03X|See also V05 codes. Covers micro-scale, or smaller, devices created using IC manufacturing processes. For complete manufacture see also U11-C18B9, or relevant U11-C codes for specific processes.|FED
U12-B03E|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor transducers|U12-B03X|See also appropriate codes in S02, S03 and V06 classes. For non-semiconductor piezoelectric elements/transducers see V06 codes only. Includes e.g. pressure sensitive (see also S02-F04B3), piezoresistive, and chemical sensors. For manufacture see also U11-C18C.|CHEMFET, ISFET
U12-B03F|Current|(1992-    )|Micromechanical structures|U12-B03X|For mfr. see also U11-C18C codes. See X25-L01A and X25-L03A codes for microvalves and micropumps respectively, and V06-M06G codes for micromotors.|
U12-B03F1|Current|(2002-    )|Microstructures||See S03-H02A for micrometre scale instrumentation.|
U12-B03F1A|Current|(2002-    )|Microstructural devices||Includes individual MEMs devices|
U12-B03F1B|Current|(2002-    )|Microstructural systems||Includes assemblies of MEMs devices, and MEMs systems.|
U12-B03F1C|Current|(2006-    )|Micromachine Packages||See also V06 codes. For package details see also U11-D codes and for packaging processes see also U11-E codes.|
U12-B03F2|Current|(2002-    )|Nanostructures||See S03-H02B for nanometer scale instrumentation.|
U12-B03F2A|Current|(2002-    )|Nanostructural devices|||
U12-B03F2B|Current|(2002-    )|Nanostructural systems|||
U12-B03X|Current|(1987-    )|Discrete devices - other||From Jan 2002 see U12-B03F2 codes for nanotechnology.|
U12-C|Current||Two terminal devices (incl. resistors, capacitors) - other||Resistors and capacitors not implemented in semiconductor form are covered by V01 codes.|
U12-C01|Current|(1983-    )|Diodes (incl. rectifier assemblies)||The following codes are no longer applied but they remain valid for records prior to 9201: U12-C01A, U12-C01B. For complete mfr. of diode devices see U11-C18B1. For Gunn diodes see U12-B02A. For variable capacitance diode see U12-C02B. For Shockley diode and two terminal semiconductor controlled rectifier (SCR) see U12-D01B4.|
U12-C01A|Retired|(1987-1991)|Diodes - low, medium power*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1991. From 199201 see U12-C01C to U12-C01X codes.|
U12-C01B|Retired|(1987-1991)|Diodes - high power*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1991. From 199201 see U12-C01C to U12-C01X codes.|
U12-C01C|Current|(1992-    )|Rectifier diodes||Includes Schottky, planar, p-i-n diodes.|PIN, PN, hot carrier diode, hot electron diode, Schottky barrier
U12-C01D|Current|(1992-    )|Breakdown diodes||Includes Zener, avalanche diodes.|Avalanche breakdown, voltage reference
U12-C01E|Current|(1992-    )|Impatt and related transit time diodes|U12-B, U12-B02|Includes barrier junction injection and transit time diode, trapped plasma avalanche triggered transit diode, double velocity transit time diode, mixed tunnelling avalanche transit time.|BARRITT, TRAPPATT, DOVETT, MITATT
U12-C01G|Current|(1992-    )|Tunnel diodes|U12-C, U12-B|Includes metal-insulator-semiconductor tunnel diode, metal-insulator-metal tunnel diode, Esaki diode, but also quantum effect diodes, e.g. resonant tunnelling diodes.|MIS, MIM, RTD
U12-C01X|Current|(1992-    )|Types of diodes - other|||
U12-C02|Current|(1987-    )|Capacitors|||
U12-C02A|Current|(1987-    )|Metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors e.g. MOS|||
U12-C02A1|Current|(1987-    )|For memories e.g. dynamic RAM (DRAM)|||
U12-C02B|Current|(1992-    )|P-N junction capacitors||Includes variable capacitance diodes, e.g. varactors. See V01-B02B1 for discrete diode embodiments.|
U12-C02C|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-insulator-metal capacitors||When used as LCD driving element in active matrix see also U14-H01A and U14-K01A2A.|MIM
U12-C02F|Current|(1997-    )|Ferroelectric capacitor for integrated circuits|U12-C02X|For capacitors used in ferroelectric memories see also U14-A03F.|
U12-C02X|Current|(1992-    )|Types of capacitors - other|||
U12-C03|Current|(1987-    )|Resistors, inductors||Includes resistors with PN junction.|
U12-C03A|Current|(2002-    )|Resistors||Includes PN junction structure aspects.|
U12-C03B|Current|(2002-    )|Inductors||Includes structure of inductive aspects of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) (see also U14-H03C2 codes). For telecommunications aspects see W01 codes.|
U12-C04|Current|(2002-    )|Fuses||For all structural aspects of fuses/antifuses including memory redundancy circuits (see also U14-D01A). Before Jan 2002 see U11-D03B2A for structural aspects. For fuse manufacture see U11-C05G2A.|
U12-D|Current||Electrically controllable semiconductor devices||Codes in this section are used on their own for novel device structures, but also together with U11 codes to identify type of device whose manufacture is covered by U11 codes. For example, electrode mfr. for SOI insulated gate field effect transistor is coded in U11-C05F1 and U12-D02A4. For thin film transistor see U12-B03A and appropriate U12-D codes according to type of transistor.|
U12-D01|Current||Bipolar devices|||
U12-D01A|Current||Bipolar transistors|||Bipolar junction, Darlington transistor
U12-D01A1|Current|(1992-    )|MOS gated bipolar transistor||Includes insulated gate bipolar transistor|IGBT, conductivity modulation MOS
U12-D01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Heterojunction bipolar transistor||See also U12-E01 for details regarding materials, structures of the heterostructure.|
U12-D01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Hot electron bipolar transistor||This code takes precedence over U12-D01A2, e.g. for HBT with heterostructures. For hot electron unipolar transistors see U12-D02J.|Auger transistor
U12-D01A4|Current|(1992-    )|Bipolar transistor with tunnelling mechanism||Includes resonant tunnelling bipolar transistor.|RTBT
U12-D01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Bipolar transistor with semiconductor on insulator substrate|U11-C08A5, U13-D, U12-D01A|For manufacturing aspects regarding silicon-on-insulator structures see U11-C08A6.|SOI
U12-D01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Types of bipolar transistor - other||Covers aspects such as lateral/vertical collector diffused isolation structure.|
U12-D01B|Current||Thyristors||For light activated thyristors see U12-A02B2C.|
U12-D01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Field controlled thyristor (FCT)||For MOS gated control turn-off see also U12-D01B3.|MCT
U12-D01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Bidirectional thyristors||Includes triacs (triode ac switch), diacs (diode as ac switch).|Bilateral diode switch, diac, bilateral triode switch, triac
U12-D01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Gate turn-off thyristor|||GTO
U12-D01B4|Current|(1997-    )|Semiconductor controlled rectifier|U12-D01B9|Prior to 199701 for SCR see U12-D01B. For bilateral devices see U12-D01B2. Includes Shockley diodes.|Forward blocking, reverse blocking
U12-D01B5|Current|(1997-    )|Static induction thyristor|U12-D01B9||Static induced thyristor
U12-D01B9|Current|(1992-    )|Types of thyristor - other||Includes silicon unilateral/bilateral switch. From 1997 see U11-D01B4 for Shockley diodes and U11-D01B5 for static induced thyristors.|
U12-D02|Current||Unipolar devices|||
U12-D02A|Current||Igfet||Also includes device in which insulator is made of material other than oxide e.g. nitride, and gate electrode is made of material other than metal, e.g. polysilicon. See also S03 codes for FETs used as sensors|MOSFET, MISFET, CHEMFET, ISFET
U12-D02A1|Current|(1983-    )|FET with floating gate||For memories using floating gate FETs see|
U12-D02A2|Current|(1992-    )|FET with metal-insulator-silicon oxide-silicon (MIOS) structure for memories||Includes metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor type. For memories using this type of transistor see U13-C04 codes and/or U14-A03B7.|MNOS
U12-D02A3|Current|(1992-    )|FET with lightly doped drain|U11-C02J6, U12-D02A||LDD
U12-D02A4|Current|(1992-    )|FET with semiconductor on insulator substrate|U11-C08A5, U12-D02A, U13-D|For manufacturing aspects regarding silicon-on-insulator structures see U11-C08A6.|SOI
U12-D02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Igfet with heterostructure|||HIGFET, SISFET, heterostructure MISFET
U12-D02A7|Current|(1997-    )|Ferroelectric transistor|U12-D02A9||
U12-D02A9|Current|(1992-    )|Igfet - other||Includes vertical MOS, trench, U-shaped grooved MOS, double diffused MOS, trench type MOSFET, Schottky barrier source and drain MOS. Also includes magnetoelectric FETs Spin-FET, Magnetic-FET MAGFET. For superconductive FET see also U14-F02B. From Jan 2006 see U12-D02E for multigate MOSFETs.|VMOS, UMOS, DMOS, DIMOS
U12-D02B|Current|(1992-    )|FET with pn-junction or schottky barrier diode gate|U12-D02X||MESFET, JFET, dual-gate MESFET
U12-D02C|Current|(1992-    )|Transistor with static field regions|U12-D02X|Includes static induction transistor, permeable base transistor.|SIT, PBT
U12-D02D|Current|(1992-    )|FET with quantum well, wire|U12-D02X, U12-E01|Includes doped channel hetero-MISFET (see also U12-D02A5), semiconductor gate heterostructure FET (see also U12-D02A5), double heterostructure FET. See also U12-E01 codes for details regarding materials, structures of the heterostructure.|
U12-D02D1|Current|(1997-    )|One-dimensional charge carrier FET|U12-D02D||Quantum wire FET
U12-D02D2|Current|(1997-    )|High electron mobility transistor|U12-D02D|Includes Modulation doped FET, Two dimensional electron gas FET, Separately doped FET, Quantum well FET, Two dimensional hole gas FET.|SQWFET, HEMT, MODFET, TEGFET, 2DHGFET, SISFET, DHFET, HFET, doped channel heterojunction
U12-D02E|Current|(2006-    )|Multigate Unipolar transistors||Used in conjunction with other U12-D02 codes where necessary to indicate the type of device, e.g. for Dual-gate MESFET see also U12-D02B.|Double-gated MOS, FINFET
U12-D02J|Current|(1992-    )|Hot electron transistor (HET)|U12-D01A, U12-D02X|Includes metal base transistor, planar doped barrier transistor.|PDB
U12-D02J1|Current|(1992-    )|Real space transfer transistor||Includes negative resistance FET, charge injection transistor.|NERFET, CHINT, delta doping
U12-D02J2|Current|(1992-    )|FET with tunnelling mechanism||Includes resonant tunnelling hot electron unipolar transistor, resonant tunnelling gate field effect transistor, ballistic transistor, tunnelling hot electron transfer amplifier, MIMIM structure tunnel transistor.|RHET, RT-FET, THETA
U12-D02K|Current|(1992-    )|Quantum interference devices|U12-D02X|Covers devices whose operation is based on wave phenomena (e.g. electrons in two parallel high-mobility channels are made to interfere constructively).|
U12-D02X|Current||Unipolar devices - other|||
U12-E|Current||General|||
U12-E01|Current||Semiconductor bodies|||Heterojunction
U12-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor body characterised by materials|||
U12-E01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor body with AIII-BV compound layers||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium indium phosphide, gallium nitride, cubic boron nitride
U12-E01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor body with AII-BVI compound layers||Includes complex ternary and quaternary compounds.|Mercury sulphide, cadmium sulphide, zinc sulphide, mercury selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium mercury telluride
U12-E01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor body with group IV element/compound (except elemental silicon)||Includes silicon-germanium layers.|Silicon carbide, diamond, germanium
U12-E01A4|Current|(1997-    )|Semiconductor body with chalcogenide/chalcopyrite compounds|U12-E01A9|For solar cells, see U12-A02A2E. Includes semiconductors such as AI-BII-CVI, AII-BIV-CV, AII-BIV-CVI, etc.|Copper indium sulphide, copper gallium selenide, copper indium selenide
U12-E01A5|Current|(1997-    )|Silicon-on-insulator structure|U12-E01A, U12-E01A9|For SOI mfr. see U11-C08A6. This code is used for discrete device with SOI substrate. For integrated circuit with SOI substrate see U13-D07.|SOI
U12-E01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor bodies characterised by other materials|||
U12-E01B|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by semiconductor structure|||
U12-E01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor body with heterojunctions||U12-E01B2 code takes precedence.|
U12-E01B1A|Current|(2006-    )|Device with strained layer structure||Includes strained channel to enhance charge-carrier mobility. For strained layer super lattice see also U12-E01B2.|Strained silicon, strained layer, relaxed layer, SLS
U12-E01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor body with quantum wire, wells, superlattice|||SQW, multi-quantum well, MQW
U12-E02|Current||Electrodes for semiconductor devices||Includes ohmic electrodes, Schottky barrier electrodes and metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes. Also includes novel gate structures. For electrode manufacture see U11-C05E and U11-C05F codes.|Schottky, ohmic
U12-Q|Current|(1992-    )|Device intended to be used as part of integrated circuit||This code is used for individual devices intended to be used as elements of an integrated circuit. For example, a floating gate transistor for an EPROM is coded in U12-D02A1, U12-Q, U14-A03B7 and, if integration aspects are important, in U13-C04A.|
U13|Current||Integrated circuits||U13-B/C codes in this section are not used for circuitry which is routinely integrated e.g. logic gates, low power amplifiers etc. for which codes indicating the form of implementation in the appropriate sections of U21-U25 should be used. See U14-H01 for thin film circuitry e.g. for memories, display devices and large area contact image pick-up devices. For individual devices intended to be used in an integrated circuit see U12-Q and the more specific U12 code indicating the type of device (e.g. U12-D02A1 for floating gate IGFET, U12-C02A1 for capacitors used in DRAMs).|
U13-A|Current||Charge transfer devices; radiation sensors/detectors||Includes most types of solid state image sensors e.g. charge coupled devices, MOS. For video cameras see W04-M01.|
U13-A01|Current|(1983-    )|IC radiation sensors, e.g. imagers characterised by detecting element||For complete manufacture see U11-C18B4. For Line image sensors (thin film) see U14-H01B. For CMOS image sensor structure and manufacture see also U13-D02A.|Image pick-up, matrix, row, column, photoelectric
U13-A01A|Current|(1987-    )|IC radiation sensor with photodiode, photoconductor||For individual device see U12-A02B2A. Includes MOS imagers.|
U13-A01B|Current|(1987-    )|IC radiation sensor with phototransistor||For individual device see U12-A02B2B.|Vertical, horizontal transistor
U13-A01B1|Current|(1987-    )|IC radiation sensor with static induction transistor (sit)|||
U13-A01D|Current|(1997-    )|Packaging aspects of IC radiation sensor|U13-A01X|Specific package aspects for individual photodiode, phototransistor are covered by U12-A01B3.|
U13-A01F|Current|(1997-    )|Optical elements for IC radiation sensor|U13-A01X|Includes optical filters, lenses. For complete optical filter manufacture see U11-C18D. For package window structures see U13-A01D and U11-D01C1.|Filter, lens
U13-A01G|Current|(2002-    )|Wavelength conversion layers for IC radiation sensors||Includes phosphors coated onto photodiode-based MOS imagers which fluoresce under X-ray radiation (see S05 codes for medical applications).|
U13-A01H|Current|(2006-    )|Circuits, drivers for IC radiation sensors|||
U13-A01X|Current|(1987-    )|Aspects of IC radiation sensors - other||Includes focal plane array constructional details.|Smear, blooming
U13-A02|Current|(1983-    )|Charge transfer devices||Includes acoustic charge transport devices, (see also U14-G if SAW driving employed). For complete manufacture see U11-C18B3. For CTD used as shift registers see U14-A01B. See also W04-M01 codes for area imagers, and W02-J02 codes for linear imagers. Includes any aspect regarding discrete CCD and also integrated CCD for imagers (see also W04-M01B).|Read, shift, register, clock
U13-A02A|Current|(1992-    )|Charge transfer device structure||Includes charge coupled devices, bucket brigade devices, charge injection devices.|Surface channel, SCCD, buried channel, BCCD, fill and spill, CCD, BBD, CID
U13-A02B|Current|(1992-    )|Circuits, drivers for CCD|||
U13-A02C|Current|(1992-    )|Packaging aspects of CCD|||
U13-A02D|Current|(2006-    )|Optical elements for CCD imagers||Includes optical filters, lenses that are inside, or part of, the package. For complete optical filter manufacture see U11-C18D. For package window structures see U13-A02C and U11-D01C1.|
U13-A02X|Current|(1992-    )|Aspects of CCD - other|||Smear, blooming
U13-B|Current||Analogue circuits||Mainly used for A-D and D-A converters (see also U21-A codes), but includes also modulators, demodulators, mixers and active filters which are integrated and do not have a specific code breakdown indicating IC details. Prior to 199701 for analogue and digital circuits integrated on same semiconductor chip see U13-B and U13-C; from 199701 for analogue/digital integration on same semiconductor substrate see U13-C09.|
U13-B01|Current||Analogue circuits with bipolar devices||For semiconductor structure see U13-D01 codes.|
U13-B01A|Retired|(1987-1991)|With FET elements*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 1991. From 199201 see U13-B03.|
U13-B02|Current||Analogue circuits with FETs||For semiconductor structure see U13-D02 codes.|
U13-B02A|Current|(1987-    )|Analogue circuits with mosfets|||CMOS
U13-B02B|Current|(1987-    )|Analogue circuits with mesfet, jfet|||
U13-B02C|Retired|(1987-1991)|FET with bipolar transistor*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987-1991. From 199201 see U13-B03.|
U13-B03|Current|(1992-    )|Analogue circuits with combined FET and bipolar devices|U13-B01A, U13-B02C|Includes e.g. Bi-FET operational amplifier. For semiconductor structure see U13-D03 codes.|BiCMOS
U13-B04|Current|(1992-    )|Analogue circuits with diodes and/or capacitors and/or resistors|U13-B01A, U13-B02C|For semiconductor structures see U13-D01B.|
U13-B09|Current|(1987-    )|Aspects for analogue circuits - other||Includes custom analogue array.|
U13-C|Current||Digital circuits|||Binary
U13-C01|Current||Digital circuits with bipolar devices||For semiconductor structures see U13-D01 codes.|
U13-C01A|Current|(1992-    )|Digital circuits with diodes, capacitors, resistors||For semiconductor structures see U13-D01B.|
U13-C02|Current||Digital circuits with FETs||For semiconductor structures see U13-D02.|Buffer, compound
U13-C02A|Current|(1987-    )|Digital circuits with mosfets|||CMOS
U13-C02B|Current|(1987-    )|Digital circuits with mesfet, jfet|||
U13-C02C|Current|(1992-    )|Digital circuit with FET and diodes, capacitors, resistors||For semiconductor structures see U13-D03A.|
U13-C03|Current|(1987-    )|Digital circuits with combined bipolar and FET||For semiconductor structures see U13-D03B.|
U13-C04|Current|(1987-    )|Digital circuits with repetitive structures||E.g. matrix layout for read-only memories, programmable logic arrays, random access memories, gate arrays (for wiring and layout details see also U21-C01E and/or U11-G).|
U13-C04A|Current|(1987-    )|Read only memory (non-electrically alterable)||Includes read only memory, programmable read only memory, erasable programmable read only memory, matrix layout. For more specific memory aspects see U14-A03B7, U14-A06C (for EPROM), U14-A06B1 (for PROM), U14-A06B5 (for ROM). For complete memory manufacture see also U11-C18B5.|Mask ROM
U13-C04A1|Current|(1997-    )|Electrically-programmable ROM|U13-C04A||EPROM
U13-C04B|Current|(1987-    )|For RAMs and electrically alterable ROMs||Includes matrix layout. For complete memory manufacture see also U11-C18B5.|
U13-C04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Dynamic/static RAMs|||Random access
U13-C04B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Dynamic RAM||Includes single transistor-single capacitor cell, three transistor cell. For specific aspects regarding capacitor manufacture, see U11-C05G1B, for capacitor structure see U12-C02A1. Prior to 199201 for transistor-capacitor DRAM structure, see U13-D03; after 199102 see also U13-D03A. For data refreshing, see U14-A03B4A.|
U13-C04B1B|Current|(1992-    )|Static RAM||For bipolar static RAM, E/R static RAM, flip flop, see also e.g. U14-A03A or U14-A03B1 codes.|Pseudo-static RAM, PSRAM
U13-C04B2|Current|(1992-    )|Electrically erasable (alterable) PROM||For specific transistor structure see e.g. U12-D02A1, U12-D02A2 as appropriate. See also U14-A03B7 for memory details.|EEPROM, E2PROM, EAROM, FLASH EPROM
U13-C04C|Current|(1987-    )|Integrated circuit programmable logic devices||Includes field programmable logic devices, programmable logic arrays, programmable array logic, logic cell arrays. See also U21-C01E for circuitry for PLD e.g. power controller, sense amplifiers etc.|FPLA, PLA, PAL, fixed OR array, FOA, programmable interconnect, user configurable arrays
U13-C04D|Current|(1987-    )|Full custom or semicustom integrated circuit arrays||Includes application specific integrated circuits e.g. gate arrays, master slice, uncommitted logic arrays, configurable gate arrays.|Sea of gates, channel-less, channel type gate array, logic array, ASIC, basic cell, ULA
U13-C05|Current|(1987-    )|Computer integrated circuit aspects. Single chip computer||See also T01-M05.|Microcomputer, microprocessor, one chip, system on chip, SOC
U13-C06|Current|(1997-    )|Large scale IC, ultra large IC, wafer scale digital circuit aspects||Covers circuit and logic aspects only, for constructional details see U13-D codes.|Cellular, VLSI, ULSI, LSI
U13-C07|Current|(1987-    )|On-chip testing circuits||Includes scan based testing, pattern generation (See also U11-F01D2A, U11-F01D2B). For computer aspects of shift path maintenance techniques, see T01-G02A1 also. Includes analogue test/trimming and multiple usage of terminals.|Scan testing
U13-C08|Current|(1997-    )|Circuit trimming|U13-C07|For physical circuit repair see U11-C19A. For trimming thin/thick film for hybrid circuits see U14-H04B3B.|
U13-C09|Current|(1997-    )|Analogue/digital integration on same semiconductor chip|U13-B, U13-C|Prior to 199701, see U13-B and U13-C.|
U13-D|Current||Integrated circuit structures||Prior to 199201, for integration on all insulating (e.g. SOI) substrates see U11-C08A5 and U13-D. From 199201 for integrated circuits on insulating substrates see U13-D07.|
U13-D01|Current||Integrated circuit structure with bipolar devices|||
U13-D01A|Current|(1992-    )|Integrated circuit structure with complementary bipolar devices||Includes NPN-PNP structures.|
U13-D01B|Current|(1992-    )|Integrated circuit structure with diodes, passive components||Includes bipolar transistor-diode, diode-diode, capacitor, resistor integration.|
U13-D02|Current||Integrated circuit structure with FET|||Field effect
U13-D02A|Current|(1983-    )|CMOS integrated circuit structure||Includes manufacture.|Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
U13-D03|Current|(1983-    )|Combined FET and bipolar integrated circuit structure|||
U13-D03A|Current|(1992-    )|FET in combination with diodes and/or capacitors and/or resistors||For one-transistor DRAM cell see also U14-A03B4. For transistors, diodes, used as protective elements e.g. for MOS devices see also U13-E01.|
U13-D03B|Current|(1992-    )|Bipolar-FET transistor integrated circuit structures||Includes BiCMOS, BiFET structures.|
U13-D03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Integrated circuit characterised by novel structure|||
U13-D03B2|Current|(1992-    )|Integrated circuit characterised by novel method for structure manufacture|||
U13-D04|Current|(1987-    )|Integrated circuit structure in combination with other elements||Includes integration with e.g. SAW devices, piezo-electric, thermoelectric, Hall effect devices.|
U13-D04A|Current|(1992-    )|Opto-electronic integrated circuits||For optoelectronics using integrated optical waveguides see also V07-F01A5.|OEIC
U13-D04B|Current|(2005-    )|Lab-on-chip (LOC)||Includes DNA microarrays or biochips using semiconductor based technology. For instrumentation details see also S03-H01 codes. For MEMs aspects see V06, and U12-B03F codes for micro- and nano-structural electronic or MEMs aspects. For glass microarray or non-semiconductor fluorescence based techniques see S03 codes only.|Microfluidic, microarray, DNA chip, biochip, Gene ChipTM
U13-D05|Current|(1987-    )|Three-dimensional, wafer-scale integration||Includes constructional details of master-slice circuitry. See also U11-D01A8 (packages) and U11-D03C3 (chip-on-chip). For 3-D structure manufactured by semiconductor recrystallisation over insulating substrates see also U11-C08C, U11-C03J1. For wafer scale circuitry see U13-C06.|Laminate
U13-D06|Current|(2002-    )|Spherical integrated circuit structures||Includes spherical sensor circuits for in-situ monitoring of body functions (see also S05 codes for medical applications).|
U13-D07|Current|(1992-    )|Integrated circuit with semiconductor on insulator structure||For semiconductor on insulator manufacture see U11-C08A6. For bipolar and field effect transistor on insulating substrate see U12-D01A5 and U12-D02A4 respectively.|SOI, SOG, SOS
U13-D08|Current|(1997-    )|Radiation hardened integrated circuits|||Rad hard
U13-D09|Current|(2006-    )|Integrated circuit with strained structures||Includes CMOS with strained channel structure to enhance charge-carrier mobility (see also U13-D02A), lattice mismatch and bandgap engineering.|Strain
U13-E|Current|(1987-    )|Circuitry in general|||
U13-E01|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical and thermal protection of integrated circuit||Includes protection against transient condition, reverse battery condition, electrostatic discharge. For fuses see U11-D03B2. For logic circuit aspects see U21-A03A2. For general low power electronic circuit protection see U24-F codes. For electrostatic, electromagnetic, thermal protection implemented as IC package adaptation see U11-D01C codes.|latch-up prevention
U13-E02|Current|(1992-    )|Power supply, substrate biasing of integrated circuit||For supply grounding see U11-D03C1. For amplifier protection see U24-G03C. For logic circuit aspects see U21-C03A2.|Charge pumps
U13-E03|Current|(1997-    )|Input/output circuitry for integrated circuit|U13-E09|Includes input/output circuitry on integrated circuit chip. For layout design see U11-G.|Buffer
U13-E04|Current|(2002-    )|Clocking and synchronization circuitry for integrated circuits|U13-E09|Includes on chip real-time clocks.|
U13-E09|Current|(1992-    )|General aspects of IC circuitry - other|||
U14|Current||Memories, film and hybrid circuits|||
U14-A|Current||Digital static stores||Dynamic recording is in T03 and W04. Storage systems for digital computing are in T01-H.|
U14-A01|Current||Shift stores (serial access)|||
U14-A01A|Current||Magnetic devices||For magnetic film/core memories, see U14-A04 codes.|
U14-A01A1|Current|(1983-    )|Bubble memories (nonvolatile)||Includes Bloch line memory, but when used as RAM see U14-A04A.|
U14-A01B|Current||Charge transfer devices||Includes serpentine, serial parallel serial (SPS) structure, recirculating shift registers. Any aspect regarding CTD structure, packaging is covered by U13-A02 codes.|
U14-A01X|Current||Types of shift store memories - other||For FIFO aspects see U14-A08B1 also.|Inverter, LIFO
U14-A02|Current||Memories using (electro-, magneto-) optical elements|||
U14-A02A|Current|(1992-    )|Memories using electro-optical or magneto-optical elements|||
U14-A02B|Current|(1992-    )|Memories using optical storage elements|||
U14-A02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Optical memories with interference, diffraction patterns||Includes e.g. holograms.|
U14-A02B9|Current|(1992-    )|Types of optical memories - other|||
U14-A03|Current||Memories using electric elements|||
U14-A03A|Current||Memories with bipolar devices||Includes memories with diodes and thyristors.|
U14-A03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Memories with bipolar transistors||Covers memories using bipolar transistors as main constituents. Includes ECL RAMs (bipolar static RAM), ECL and Schottky TTL PROMs (programmed by blowing fusible links, see also U14-A06B1). For static RAM structures and/or complete manufacture see also U13-C04B1B and/or U11-C18B5.|SRAM
U14-A03B|Current||Memories with FETs (NMOS, CMOS)|||
U14-A03B1|Current|(1983-    )|Memories with FET in bistable cell configuration||Includes flip-flop, enhancement/resistance, six transistor cell static RAM (see also U13-C04B1B). For complete memory manufacture see also U11-C18B5.|(E/R)SRAM, (4T-2R)SRAM, random access
U14-A03B4|Current|(1983-    )|Memories with capacitor store|U14-A03X|Includes planar, trench, stacked capacitor dynamic RAM. For structure and manufacture see U13-C04B1A, U13-D03 and U11-C18B5. If only capacitor manufacture and/or structure emphasised see U11-C05G1B and/or U12-C02A1.|DRAM, random access
U14-A03B4A|Current|(1992-    )|Data refreshing for memories|U14-A20|Includes both internal and external refresh for dynamic RAM, pseudo-static RAM.|
U14-A03B5|Current|(1992-    )|Memories with FET-bipolar integration|U14-A03A, U14-A03B|For bipolar static RAM with e.g. CMOS circuitry, i.e. BiCMOS static RAM, see also U14-A03A and/or U13-C04B1B, U13-D03B codes if structure and mfr. are important. For BiCMOS dynamic RAM see also U14-A03B4 and/or U13-C04B1A, U13-D03B codes if structure and mfr. are important. Complete memory manufacture is covered by U11-C18B5.|BIMOS, SRAM, DRAM
U14-A03B7|Current|(1983-    )|Memories with adjustable threshold MOS transistor|U14-A03X|Covers electrically programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, electrically bulk erasable programmable read only memory. Includes variations of floating gate type e.g. floating gate tunnel oxide, textured polysilicon, split gate, floating gate avalanche MOS, stacked gate avalanche injection MOS, as well as variations of silicon-nitride-oxide-silicon type e.g. silicon-oxide-oxide-silicon, metal-nitride-oxide-silicon. For more specific details regarding floating gate MOS transistor or MIOS type transistor see also U12-D02A1, U12-D02A2 respectively. For matrix layout see U13-C04A1 for EPROMs, and U13-C04B2 for EEPROMs.|EPROM, EEPROM, E2PROM, FLASH EEPROM, FLOTOX, FAMOS, SAMOS, SNOS, SONOS, MNOS, Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling, hot carrier injection
U14-A03B9|Current|(1987-    )|Memories with combined ROM and RAM memory cells||Includes e.g. non-volatile RAM in which SRAM array is duplicated (shadowed) by an equivalent EEPROM.|NOVRAM, shadow RAM
U14-A03F|Current|(1992-    )|Memories with ferroelectric elements|U14-A03X|Includes e.g. non-volatile variable resistive EEPROMs, non-volatile ferroelectric RAMs, ferroelectric capacitor memories (see also U14-A03B4).|'Cross point arrays'
U14-A03G|Current|(1992-    )|Memories with superconductive elements|U14-A03X|See also U14-F02B.|Josephson, superconducting
U14-A03H|Current|(2006-    )|Programmable conductor RAM (PCRAM)||Includes chalcogenide memories, phase change ovonic unified memories, phase change memories, and programmable resistor memories, resistive memories.|OUM
U14-A03X|Current||Types of memories with electric elements - other||Includes e.g. memories based on electrochemical cell, organic films etc. For variable resistance memories see U14-A03H from Jan 2006.|
U14-A04|Current||Memories with magnetic elements|||
U14-A04A|Current|(1992-    )|Memories with magnetic thin films||Includes crosstie random access memory, Bloch line memory element used for non-volatile RAM.|CRAM, magnetoresistive RAM
U14-A04A1|Current|(2006-    )|Using giant magnetoresistance effect||E.g. using ferromagnetic layers separated by metallic layer. Includes pseudo spin valve MRAM devices.|GMR, spin valve, spin transistor, pseudo spin valve, PSVMRAM
U14-A04A2|Current|(2006-    )|Using tunnel magnetoresistance effect||E.g. using ferromagnetic layers separated by electrically insulating layer. Includes magnetic tunnel junction or tunnelling magneto-resistance MRAM devices.|TMR, spin tunnel transistor, tunnel junction, MJT
U14-A04X|Current||Memories with core stores||Includes ring shaped ferrite cores.|
U14-A05|Current||Associative memories||Includes content addressable memory.|CAM
U14-A06|Current||(Semi-)permanent (non-volatile) ROM|||
U14-A06A|Retired|(1983-1986)|Electrically alterable semiconductor stores*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1983 to 1986. From 1987 see U14-A03B7.|
U14-A06B|Current|(1983-    )|Non-reprogrammable stores (fixed-program memory)||Includes one-time programmable or 'one shot' EPROMS (without guard window to allow UV erasure).|OTP
U14-A06B1|Current|(1987-    )|Non-reprogrammable memories using diodes or fuses||Includes PROM based on e.g. bipolar transistors (ECL or Schottky TTL) which are programmed by blowing fusible links.|Zener-zap
U14-A06B5|Current|(1987-    )|Mask programmable, ion implantation programmable ROM||Includes ROM custom programmed during manufacture, obtained both with bipolar or MOS technology, by using e.g. contact window method, diffusion layer method, or ion implantation. For details of mfr. see appropriate codes in U11 and for structure see also U13-D codes and/or U13-C04A.|
U14-A06C|Current|(1987-    )|Non-electrically (e.g. UV) erasable ROM||Includes EPROM which can be programmed by user. See also U13-C04A and/or, prior to 1992, U13-C04B, U14-A03B7, as appropriate.|
U14-A06X|Current|(1987-    )|Non-volatile memories - other|||
U14-A07|Current||Reading/writing||Includes data-in/data-out (I/O) control circuits, I/O signal interface, bit line control e.g. precharge and equalisation circuitry, voltage boosters, clocking circuits for read/write operations, safety circuits to prevent inadvertent reading/writing, initialisation circuits. Prior to 1992, some aspects regarding circuitry for reading/writing were covered by U14-A20.|
U14-A07A|Current|(1983-    )|Reading, sensing circuits||Includes reading methods, sense amplifiers and associated circuitry e.g. sense reference voltage generator, charge pump circuits for providing current to sense amplifiers.|
U14-A07B|Current|(1992-    )|Programming, erasing circuits||Includes voltage boosters for e.g. erasing/programming EEPROMs.|
U14-A07C|Current|(1997-    )|Clocking circuits, synchronization|U14-A07|General aspects of digital circuit synchronisation are covered by U22-H.|Time skewing
U14-A08|Current||Address selection; transmission of information between stores||For shift aspects of FIFO stores see U14-A01X also. Includes address, decoders and associated circuits, word line control circuits, timing circuits for address selection, two dimensional and multiplexed addressing. Prior to 1992 some aspects regarding circuitry for addressing were covered by U14-A20.|
U14-A08A|Current|(1983-    )|Address-selection||Includes e.g. page mode and static column mode operation, chip selection circuitry.|Row address strobe, RAS, column address strobe, CAS
U14-A08B|Current|(1983-    )|Transmission of information between stores|||Serial transmission, cache memory
U14-A08B1|Current|(1992-    )|Multiport memories||Includes both random access memories and sequential memories (for the latter see also U14-A01X). Prior to 1992, first in-first out aspects are covered by U14-A08 and, for shift stores, by U14-A01X.|FIFO, dual port RAM, dual port burst access memory, BAM
U14-A09|Current|(1992-    )|Power supply for memories|U14-A20|Includes power back-up and data preservation aspects.|
U14-A10|Current|(1992-    )|Packages for memories|U14-A20|For specific aspects of packaging see appropriate subclasses in U11-D, U11-E. Includes special adaptations e.g. small battery provided inside package.|
U14-A11|Current|(1992-    )|Software error prevention modifications|U14-A20|Includes e.g. method to prevent errors introduced by radiation (see also U11-D01C2 for package adaptations).|
U14-A20|Current||Memory circuits - other|||
U14-B|Current||Electric analogue stores||Sample-and-hold arrangements are coded in U21-B03.|Analogue memory
U14-B01|Current|(1992-    )|With elements simulating neuronal cells||Includes digital memory functionality with cells holding more than two voltage levels (not strictly digital)|
U14-B02|Current|(2002-    )|With elements simulating neuronal cells||For complex neuronal configurations see T01-E05B and/or T02-A04A5.|
U14-C|Current||General layout aspects regarding memories; interconnection arrangements|||Core, matrix, plate, unit, frame
U14-C01|Current|(1992-    )|Interconnecting storage elements|U14-A20|Include power/signal transmission line layout relating to bit and word lines. See also appropriate codes in U11-C05, U11-D03, U11-G.|Open bit line architecture, folded bit line architecture
U14-D|Current||Checking store operation, redundancy|||
U14-D01|Current|(1987-    )|Memory built-in self test, redundancy||Includes detecting defective memory elements and replacing them with redundant memory elements.|
U14-D01A|Current|(1987-    )|Redundant arrangements, fuses||Includes redundant memory cells used to replace defective cells of main memory array and associated techniques e.g. cutting the fuse with laser beam.|
U14-D01B|Current|(1997-    )|Testing memory operation using internal circuit|U14-D01||Self-test, built-in circuit
U14-D02|Current|(1987-    )|Testing memory using error correction codes||Includes two dimensional codes e.g. Hamming codes, horizontal and vertical parity, BCH codes and multidimensional codes.|
U14-D03|Current|(1987-    )|Testing memory using external circuit or apparatus||E.g. for testing bubble memories.|
U14-D09|Current|(1987-    )|Memory testing aspects - other|||
U14-E|Current||Thermoelectric/magnetic devices|||Peltier effect, Seebeck effect
U14-E01|Current|(1987-    )|Radiation pyroelectric detector||Includes image sensors. See also S03-A03 and S03-A01B codes.|
U14-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|Pyroelectric device characterised by material|U11-A02, U14-E|For pyroelectric materials see also U11-A02.|
U14-E01B|Current|(1992-    )|Structure of pyroelectric device||See also S03-A03 for pyrometry in general.|Dielectric bolometer, pyroelectric sensor
U14-E01C|Current|(1992-    )|Pyroelectric device manufacture|||
U14-E02|Current|(1992-    )|Thermomagnetic devices|U14-E|Includes devices using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect. Covers manufacture.|
U14-E05|Current|(1987-    )|Power generation, cooling, temperature sensors||Includes devices with junction of dissimilar materials exhibiting Seebeck, Peltier effect.|
U14-E05A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by function of thermoelectric device|||
U14-E05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Power generating thermoelectric device|||Thermopiles
U14-E05A2|Current|(1992-    )|Heat extracting thermoelectric devices|||Heat pumps, cooling, Peltier, electrocaloric effect, thin film perovskite PZT
U14-E05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Thermoelectric sensors|U14-E09|See also S03-B01A.|Thermocouple
U14-E05B|Current|(1992-    )|Thermoelectric device characterised by material|U14-E||Bismuth telluride (with antimony)
U14-E05C|Current|(1992-    )|Thermoelectric device manufacture|||
U14-E09|Current|(1987-    )|Aspects regarding thermoelectric devices - other|||
U14-F|Current||Superconductive devices|||Josephson
U14-F01|Current|(1992-    )|Materials for superconductive devices||Includes novel compositions (chemical and crystalline structures), and their manufacture and processing to improve characteristics, (e.g. grinding, mixing, pressing, sintering etc.). Materials, devices and equipment specifically for heavy/power electrical use are covered by X12-C05, X11-H05, X12-D06 codes. Materials for unspecified uses are covered by U14 and X12-D06B codes. For testing aspects see also U11-F01 codes.|
U14-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Superconductive metal alloys and their manufacture|||
U14-F01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Superconductive alloy manufacture and processing|||
U14-F01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Novel superconductive metal alloys|||
U14-F01B|Current|(1992-    )|Non-metal superconductive materials and their manufacture|||
U14-F01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture and processing of ceramic superconductive materials|||Milling, mixing, calcination, sintering, cold/hot pressing
U14-F01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Superconductive oxide novel materials|||
U14-F01B7|Current|(1997-    )|Superconductive materials - other|U14-F01B|For materials not covered by U14-F01A5 and U14-F01B5, e.g. for superconductive organic material.|
U14-F02|Current|(1992-    )|Superconductive device, circuits||These codes imply use of oxide materials unless specified by presence of U14-F02H code.|
U14-F02A|Current|(1992-    )|Superconductive thin/thick film||Includes deposition, patterning, metallurgical details, patterned layers. For techniques of deposition or etching see also U11-C05C codes U11-C01 or U11-C07 codes, for apparatus see also U11-C09 codes. See also U14-H02 for thick film.|
U14-F02B|Current|(1992-    )|Superconductive devices||For manufacture of complete device see also U11-C18B9; for specific aspects e.g. electrode mfr. see also U11 codes e.g. U11-C05F6. For superconductive FET see also U12-D01A9.|Josephson tunnel junction, SQUID
U14-F02C|Current|(1992-    )|Circuits using superconductive devices|U21-A03G, U21-C01X|For logic circuits see also U21-C01F. For analogue to digital converters using superconductive elements see U21-A03G.|
U14-F02H|Current|(1992-    )|Superconductive devices, circuits using metal alloys||This code is used in conjunction with U14-F02 codes to indicate use of alloy material rather than oxide for particular circuit, device.|
U14-G|Current||Acoustic wave devices||For surface acoustic wave generator, see also V06-V01E1. For acoustic charge transport device using SAW see also U13-A02A.|Elastic, surface, SAW
U14-H|Current||Film and hybrid circuits, multilayer substrates, IC chip mounting||See V04-R also for details applicable to PCB manufacture.|
U14-H01|Current||Thin film|||
U14-H01A|Current|(1987-    )|Thin film two-dimensional arrays e.g. for memories, LCDS, ELDS||Used for layout and manufacturing aspects. Use U12-B03A for semiconductor physics, material and heterostructure details. For LCD see also U14-K01A2 codes; for electroluminescent displays see also U14-J codes.|Display, matrix
U14-H01B|Current|(1987-    )|Thin film transducers, printers, line image sensors||For facsimile applications see W02-J02 also. Used for sensor arrays not having sufficient semiconductor body details for inclusion in U12-A02B. For thermal printer heads/materials see T04-G03C or for thermal ink jet printer see T04-G02A. Does not include thin film magnetic heads, for which see T03-A03E.|
U14-H01C|Current|(1987-    )|Thin film circuits, amplifiers, filters||For thin film capacitors, resistors with emphasis on semiconductor body see U12-B03B and U12-C02 or U12-C03 as appropriate.|
U14-H01D|Current|(1987-    )|Thin film packages, interconnections||See also U11-D codes.|
U14-H01E|Current|(1987-    )|Thin film transparent conductive layers||See U11-C18D also for sputtered optical layers. Includes pixel/colour filters, lithography, and general imager-display use.|Indium tin oxide, ITO, lead oxide, zinc oxide
U14-H01E1|Current|(2015-    )|Transparent conductive oxides||Includes indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide compounds etc.|
U14-H01E2|Current|(2015-    )|Transparent conducting polymers||Includes polythiophenes, e.g. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), Poly(4,4-dioctylcyclopentadithiophene) etc.|
U14-H01E3|Current|(2015-    )|Metal compositions||Includes metal halides, such as silver halide, copper iodine. Can be used in conjunction with U14-H01E1 for example film containing indium oxide (ITO) and copper iodide.|
U14-H01E4|Current|(2015-    )|Nanowire transparent conductive films||Includes use of carbon, silver or copper nanowires or nanotubes or nano-particles as transparent conductive films.|
U14-H01E5|Current|(2015-    )|Mesh structured films||Includes copper mesh, silver mesh, metal mesh PET.|
U14-H01F|Current|(1987-    )|General thin film layer details||Includes e.g. insulating, conductive, lithography, multi-layer structures (e.g. for chip-carrier boards), using thin-film deposition (see also U11-C and U11-D codes).|
U14-H02|Current||Thick film||For material composition of thick films see U11-A05 codes.|
U14-H03|Old|(    -2008)|Hybrid circuits and IC chip mountings onto hybrid substrates||See also V04-R and V04-Q codes.|
U14-H03|Current|(2009-    )|Hybrid circuits||From 2009 IC chip mountings have been transferred to U14-H05. See also V04-R and V04-Q codes.|
U14-H03A|Retired|(1987-2008)|Mountings for unpackaged IC chips onto substrate (ceramic, polymer, dielectric)*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes.|
U14-H03A1|Retired|(1987-2008)|Unencapsulated IC chip mounting using (multilayer) ceramic, polymer, semiconductor substrate)*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. Used for chip carrier which implies subsequent encapsulation of device once mounted (for encapsulation see U14-H03A3). See also U11-D01 for package details. For general chip carrier substrate aspects see U11-D01A. For high density multilayer interconnect see U14-H03A4. Multilayer ceramic boards are also covered by U14-H03B for structure/material, and by U14-H04A3 for manufacture.|
U14-H03A2|Retired|(1987-2008)|Other chip-to-substrate connection*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. For solder preforms see also U11-D03A9 (semiconductor mountings and terminals). Prior to 1992 this code included flip chip technology, (from 1992 see U11-E01C).|
U14-H03A3|Retired|(1987-2008)|Encapsulation details for individual chip mounted on substrate*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. For general aspects regarding multi-chip module, see U11-D01A6 or, for hybrid circuit packages see U14-H03C3.|
U14-H03A4|Retired|(1987-2008)|Interconnections between several chips on substrate*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. Includes use of e.g. wire bonding between chips on same substrate (which may also include semiconductor, e.g. silicon). Covers Advanced VLSI packaging, high density interconnect. Also includes optical contactless connection for communication between chips (see also U11-D03C3).|AVP, HDI, high density multi-chip interconnect, HDMI
U14-H03A4A|Retired|(1992-2008)|Thick film modules using e.g. ceramic dielectric*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. See also relevant codes in U11 class, e.g. U11-D03B9, U11-D03C3 and/or other relevant codes in U14 class, e.g. U14-H03A1, U14-H02, U14-H03B, U14-H04A3.|
U14-H03A4B|Retired|(1992-2008)|Thin film modules using e.g. polymer dielectric*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. See also relevant codes in U11 class e.g. U11-C05A, U11-C05D2, U11-C05D3, U11-D03B9, U11-D03C3 and/or relevant codes in U14 class, e.g. U14-H01D, U14-H01F, U14-H03A1.|Polyimide thermoset, KAPTON
U14-H03B|Retired|(1987-2008)|Multilayer ceramic wiring boards*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. For chip carriers see also U11-D01A, for unencapsulated IC mountings see also U14-H03A1. For high density multilayer interconnect see U14-H03A4.|
U14-H03B1|Retired|(1987-2008)|Details of materials/structures for multilayer ceramic substrates*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes.|
U14-H03B2|Retired|(1987-2008)|Other details associated with chip mounted on multilayer ceramic substrate*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. Includes e.g. recess to facilitate enclosure of chip, terminals, capacitors included in the multilayer board (see also U11-D03C1) etc.|
U14-H03C|Retired|(1987-2008)|Hybrid circuits (general)*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03G. Includes substrates not covered elsewhere in U14-H03. See also U11-A05B for material aspects, and U11-D01A for chip carrier.|Aluminium nitride, silicon carbide
U14-H03C1|Retired|(1987-2008)|Alignment of chips in array*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. E.g. for line image sensor, facsimile, photoelectric reader.|Facsimile, reader, photoelectric
U14-H03C2|Retired|(1987-2008)|Analogue circuitry - transistor and transmission line details*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. See W02-A also for microstrip/stripline circuitry.|Triplate
U14-H03C2A|Retired|(1997-2008)|High frequency integrated circuits*|U14-H03C2|*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see code U14-H03H for high frequency circuits. Includes monolithic microwave integrated circuits. For package aspects see U11-D01A4. For integrated circuit structures see also U13-D codes.|MMIC
U14-H03C3|Retired|(1987-2008)|Hybrid circuit packages and terminals*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H03D to U14-H03H codes. For multi-chip modules see also U11-D01A6.|Lead, Pin
U14-H03D|Current|(2009-    )|Hybrid circuits using thick films|||
U14-H03E|Current|(2009-    )|Hybrid circuits using thin films|||
U14-H03F|Current|(2009-    )|Substrates for hybrid circuits|||
U14-H03F1|Current|(2009-    )|Ceramic substrates|||
U14-H03F2|Current|(2009-    )|Other substrate types|||
U14-H03G|Current|(2009-    )|Hybrid circuits (general)||Covers general hybrid circuit aspects that are not covered in above H03 codes. Replaces retired code, H03C.|
U14-H03H|Current|(2009-    )|High frequency integrated circuits||Covers all high frequency integrated circuits. Includes high frequency ICs for RFID tags and other RF devices.|MMIC, RFID
U14-H04|Current||Hybrid and thick film circuit manufacture|||
U14-H04A|Current|(1983-    )|Film and substrate processing for hybrid circuits|||
U14-H04A1|Current|(1987-    )|Screen printing. Thick film layer processing||Includes ceramic 'wafer' dicing.|Squeegee, print, bake
U14-H04A2|Current|(1987-    )|Electroplating, vapour deposition, sputtering of conductive layers onto ceramic/hybrid substrates||For metallurgical aspects regarding conductor patterns on ceramic substrate see also U11-D03B3.|
U14-H04A3|Current|(1987-    )|Ceramic circuit board manufacture (For hybrid circuits only)|||
U14-H04A4|Current|(2009-    )|Trimming of thin/thick film components|||
U14-H04A9|Current|(1987-    )|Other hybrid circuit manufacturing aspects|||
U14-H04B|Current|(1983-    )|Hybrid circuit assembling||Includes all aspects of hybrid circuit assembling and manufacture, previously coded before 2009 in U14-H04B1 to U14-H04B9.|
U14-H04B1|Retired|(1987-2008)|Hybrid circuit packaging*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H04B which now includes all aspects of hybrid circuit assembling and manufacture. Coating with resin, sealing package.|
U14-H04B2|Retired|(1987-2008)|Applying terminals for hybrid circuits*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H04B which now includes all aspects of hybrid circuit assembling and manufacture. Includes e.g. connector for hybrid circuit (see also V04-K02 and V04-B01).|
U14-H04B3|Retired|(1987-2008)|Mounting components onto substrate. Trimming of layer components*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1987 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H04B which now includes all aspects of hybrid circuit assembling and manufacture.|
U14-H04B3A|Retired|(1992-2008)|Bonding, mounting components on hybrid circuit substrate*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H04B which now includes all aspects of hybrid circuit assembling and manufacture.|
U14-H04B3B|Retired|(1992-2008)|Trimming of thin/thick film components*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H04A4.|
U14-H04B9|Retired|(1992-2008)|Other hybrid circuit assembling aspects*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2008. From 2009 see U14-H04B which now includes all aspects of hybrid circuit assembling and manufacture. Includes e.g. demounting defective components in multi-chip modules (see also U11-E02B). For testing aspects see also U11-F01F.|
U14-H05|Current|(2009-    )|Hybrid circuit package and/or terminal arrangements|||
U14-J|Current||Electroluminescent light sources||For electroluminescent materials see U11-A15. See also X26-J only if device is used for illumination purposes. Excludes devices covered by U12-A01.|
U14-J01|Current|(1992-    )|Electroluminescent source manufacture|||
U14-J01A|Current|(2005-    )|Manufacture for electroluminescent displays and devices||Includes all methods of manufacture for electroluminescent displays.|
U14-J01B|Current|(2005-    )|Equipment for mfr of electroluminescent devices or displays||Includes all equipment for both electroluminescent devices or displays.|
U14-J02|Current|(1992-    )|Electroluminescent display structure|||ELD
U14-J02A|Current|(1992-    )|With electrode details of electroluminescent display||For thin film transparent conductive layer on glass substrate see also U14-H01E. From 2002 use with U14-J02D codes to indicate material aspects of structure.|Indium tin oxide, ITO
U14-J02B|Current|(1992-    )|Module details and sealing arrangements of electroluminescent display||Includes connections to external electrodes or PCBs.|
U14-J02C|Current|(2005-    )|EL display optical components||For complete filter manufacture see also U11-C18D.|
U14-J02D|Current|(2002-    )|Inorganic/organic electroluminescent displays|||
U14-J02D1|Current|(2002-    )|Inorganic electroluminescent displays|||
U14-J02D2|Current|(2002-    )|Organic or polymeric electroluminescent displays||Includes structures with polymeric and organometallic complexes.|
U14-J02E|Current|(2005-    )|Switching elements for active matrix electroluminescent displays||Includes two and three terminal switching arrays|
U14-J03|Current|(1992-    )|Circuits and drivers for electroluminescent devices||From 2002 use with U14-J02D codes to indicate material aspects of structure.|
U14-J03A|Current|(2007-    )|Circuits and drivers for electroluminescent displays|||
U14-J03B|Current|(2007-    )|Circuits and drivers for other electroluminescent devices|||
U14-J04|Current|(2005-    )|Testing aspects of electroluminescent displays||Testing for active matrix see also U11-F01F and U11-F01D codes. For module testing see also S01-G01A3 and V04-Q02A2.|
U14-J05|Current|(2007-    )|Electroluminescent device structure||For electroluminescent devices other than displays|
U14-J05A|Current|(2007-    )|Electrode details for electroluminescent devices|||
U14-J05B|Current|(2007-    )|Module/Package details and sealing arrangements of electroluminescent devices|||
U14-J05C|Current|(2007-    )|Optical elements for electroluminescent devices|||
U14-J05D|Current|(2007-    )|Electroluminescent devices|||
U14-J05D1|Current|(2007-    )|Inorganic electroluminescent device|||
U14-J05D2|Current|(2007-    )|Organic electroluminescent device|||
U14-K|Current||Passive displays||Refers to displays modifying light generated elsewhere.|
U14-K01|Current|(1983-    )|Liquid crystal displays||For materials see U11-A03A, V07-K10A. For light valves, shutters, light spatial modulator see V07-K01A2. Testing aspects of active matrix are also covered by U11-F01F. For storage effect see U14-A02A.|LCD
U14-K01A|Current|(1983-    )|Cells, constructional details, and circuits of LCD|||
U14-K01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Transparent conductive films, alignment layers, spacers of LCD|||
U14-K01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|LCD alignment layer|U11-A09, U14-K01A1|Includes films and materials used for alignment, cloths for rubbing the alignment coating, etc.|Orientation
U14-K01A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Transparent conductive films, and electrodes of LCD||Includes electrode details for passive LCD, i.e. with parallel conductive tracks. See also U14-H01E for transparent conductive film.|
U14-K01A1C|Current|(1992-    )|LCD optical components||Includes filters, polarisers, phase retarders. For complete filter manufacture see also U11-C18D.|
U14-K01A1D|Current|(1992-    )|Spacers used in LCD|U14-K01A, U14-K01A2||
U14-K01A1G|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by specific electro- or magneto-optical effect of LC material||Includes field induced birefringence, guest-host effect, dynamic scattering, etc. For optical addressing (thermally induced phase transitions) see V07-K01A2.|Field induced phase change, cholesteric, twisted nematic, orientation, plechroic dye
U14-K01A1J|Current|(1992-    )|LCD manufacture|U14-K01, U14-K01A|Include e.g. filling the cell with LC material. For manufacture of switching elements for driving active matrix see U14-K01A2 codes.|
U14-K01A1K|Current|(2005-    )|Equipment for manufacture of LCDs||Includes all equipment for mfr or LCD, including substrate handling equipment, etching, lithography etc. See also U11 codes for individual processes and equipment.|
U14-K01A1L|Current|(2007-    )|LCD repair and correction||See also U14-K01A8 for LCD testing aspects.|
U14-K01A2|Current|(1987-    )|Constructional details, coating, and optical layers of LCD - other||Includes manufacture and structural details regarding switching elements for driving active matrix display. Also covers antireflective coatings.|
U14-K01A2A|Current|(1992-    )|For two terminal switching elements of LCD||Includes diodes, MIM elements, varistors. For thin film aspects see also U14-H01A. See also other appropriate codes in U11 and U12 e.g. U11-C05G1, U11-C18B1, U12-C01, U12-C03.|
U14-K01A2B|Current|(1992-    )|For three terminal switching elements of LCD||Includes thin film transistor (TFT) aspects. See also U14-H01A and where appropriate, U11-C18A1, U12-B03A, U12-D02A.|
U14-K01A2C|Current|(1997-    )|Plasma-addressed LCD|U14-K01A2 U14-K01A1B|See also V05-A01A7.|
U14-K01A2D|Current|(1997-    )|LC cells integral with photoconducting, ferroelectric layer||Prior to 1997 see also U14-K01A1G, V07-K01A, V07-K05.|
U14-K01A2E|Current|(2007-    )|Coatings for LCD||Covers all protective coatings, includes anti-reflective films coating for LCDs|
U14-K01A3|Current|(1987-    )|Circuits, drivers of LCDs||Includes mainly drive circuitry integral with LCD or circuitry which depends on specific characteristics of LCD., e.g. feedback control for detection of ambient light and control of light valve. More general aspects of drive circuitry are covered by T04-H03C2 or W03-A08B codes. See also under application.|
U14-K01A4|Current|(1987-    )|LCD associated with mountings, pcb connectors. Module details||Includes back-lighting aspects (see also W05-E05B).|
U14-K01A4A|Current|(1997-    )|Modular details of LCD|U14-K01A4|Includes sealing aspects.|
U14-K01A4B|Current|(1997-    )|Connections of LCD to external electrodes or PCB|U14-K01A4|See also V04 codes. Includes connections from electrodes to cell terminals.|
U14-K01A4C|Current|(1997-    )|LCD illumination arrangements||Includes internal and reflection type LCD illumination. From 2007, also see X26-U04A1 for backlighting and backlight circuitry including ambient environment detection and feedback control. See W05-E05B1 and relevant X26 codes prior to 2007.|
U14-K01A5|Current|(1997-    )|LCD substrate details|U14-K01A, U14-K01A2|For production and processing aspects of substrate. See U11 codes also. For active matrix aspects see U14-K01A2 codes.|Glass
U14-K01A8|Current|(1997-    )|Testing aspects of LCD|U14-K01A|For testing of liquid crystal materials see also S02-J04A3; for active matrix testing see also S02-J04A3A and U11-F01F and/or U11-F01D codes. For module testing see also S01-G01A3 and V04-Q02A2.|Probe
U14-K02|Current|(1992-    )|Electrochromic displays|U14-K09|For building and vehicle windows using electrochromic layers see X25-U01 and X22-J codes respectively.|
U14-K02A|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details and manufacture of electrochromic display|U14-K09||
U14-K02A1|Current|(1997-    )|Structural arrangements for electrochromic display|U14-K02A|Includes spacers, gaskets, electrodes.|
U14-K02A2|Current|(1997-    )|Electrochromic display manufacture|U14-K02A|For materials see U11-A03C only.|
U14-K02B|Current|(1992-    )|Circuits, drivers of electrochromic display|U14-K09||
U14-K03|Current|(1992-    )|Elecrophoretic displays||Includes materials, constructional details. For electrostatic ball displays see appropriate W05-E08 codes.|
U14-K03A|Current|(2005-    )|Constructional details and manufacture of electrophoretic displays|||
U14-K03A1|Current|(2005-    )|Structural arrangements for electrophoretic displays|||
U14-K03A2|Current|(2005-    )|Electrophoretic display manufacture|||
U14-K03B|Current|(2005-    )|Circuits, drivers of electrophoretic displays|||
U14-K04|Current|(1992-    )|Electro-optic displays based on ceramics or electro-optical crystal exhibiting kerr/pockells effect|U14-K09|For optical shutters see V07-G15 and V07-K01A.|PLZT
U14-K05|Current|(2014-    )|Electrowetting Displays||Includes manufacture, structure, drive circuits etc.|
U14-K09|Current|(1983-    )|Other passive display||Includes electronic paper, can be used in conjunction with any other U14-K codes. For electronic paper in general see also W05-E10.|Magnetophoretic
U21|Current||Logic circuits, electronic switching and coding|||
U21-A|Current||Coding, decoding|||Encode, compress, predict,
U21-A01|Retired|(1980-1991)|Pulse code modulation*||*This code is now discontinued from 1992 and is no longer used. In addition to those in U21, inventions involving PCM may be assigned the following codes depending on applications and their precise nature: (1) W02-C06 for general transmission systems using PCM; (2) W02-F07 codes for PCM TV transmission systems; (3) W02-J03B codes for facsimile coding and compression; (4) W04-F01F codes for video recording using compression coding; (5) W04-G01F for audio signal recording coding and compression; (6) W04-P01A codes for video signal coding; (7) W04-V05G codes for speech signal coding.|
U21-A02|Current||D/A conversion||Search with U21-A04A for sigma-delta type.|
U21-A02A|Current|(1987-    )|Digital-to-analogue converters|||DAC
U21-A02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Binary-weighted D/A converters|||Weighted resistor
U21-A02A2|Current|(1992-    )|Ladder-type D/A converters|||R-2R ladder
U21-A02A3|Current|(1992-    )|D/A converters with intermediate conversion to time or frequency of pulses|||
U21-A02A4|Current|(2006-    )|Resistor string|||
U21-A02A5|Current|(2007-    )|Switched capacitor DAC||Use other U21-A02 codes where appropriate.|
U21-A02A9|Current|(1992-    )|D/A converters - other||Includes e.g. multiplying D/A converter.|
U21-A02B|Current|(1987-    )|Broader system details, testing of D/A converters|||
U21-A02B1|Current|(1997-    )|Broader system details|U21-A02B||
U21-A02B1A|Current|(2005-    )|Input/output circuitry|U21-A02B||
U21-A02B1B|Current|(2006-    )|Voltage reference circuits||Also see relevant U24 codes for novel voltage reference circuits.|
U21-A02B1C|Current|(2005-    )|Clock arrangements|U21-A02B||
U21-A02B1X|Current|(2005-    )|Other details|U21-A02B||
U21-A02B2|Current|(1997-    )|Testing and calibrating|U21-A02B, U21-A03F1|Prior to 1997 testing and calibrating for DAC was covered by U21-A02B and U21-A03F1.|DC offset, auto-zero
U21-A02B3|Retired|(1997-2004)|Noise reduction and error correction*|U21-A02B, U21-A03F3|*This code is now discontinued and from 2005 noise reduction and error correction for DACs is covered by U21-A02B7G. Prior to 1997 noise reduction for DAC was covered by U21-A02B and U21-A03F3.|
U21-A02B7|Current|(2005-    )|Improvements to D/A converter performance|||
U21-A02B7A|Current|(2005-    )|Increased resolution|||
U21-A02B7C|Current|(2005-    )|Increased conversion speed|||
U21-A02B7E|Current|(2005-    )|Increased range||Covers increase in number of bits or other change in representation of data, or on analog side by increasing dynamic range, output voltage swing, etc.|
U21-A02B7G|Current|(2005-    )|Noise reduction and error correction|||
U21-A02B7J|Current|(2006-    )|Reducing power consumption|||
U21-A02B7L|Current|(2006-    )|Size reduction|||
U21-A02B7N|Current|(2012-    )|Increased accuracy or precision||Prior to 2012 see U21-A02B7G or U21-A02B7X depending on emphasis.|
U21-A02B7X|Current|(2005-    )|Other D/A converter performance improvement|||
U21-A03|Current||Analogue-to-digital conversion||Search with U21-A04A for sigma-delta type.|ADC
U21-A03A|Current||A/D converters with conversion to duration/frequency||Includes counter ramp (counting) converter when type of conversion is emphasised, otherwise coded in U21-A03B as a converter with feedback. Also includes integrating type e.g. dual slope or ratiometric converter. Search U21-A03X also prior to 1983.|Tracking, servo converter
U21-A03B|Current||A/D converters using D/A converter (feedback type)|||SAR, serial comparator
U21-A03B1|Current|(2006-    )|Successive approximation type converters|||SAR, serial comparator
U21-A03B3|Current|(2006-    )|Pipeline|||
U21-A03B5|Current|(2007-    )|Switched capacitor ADC||Use other U21-A03 codes where appropriate.|
U21-A03B9|Current|(2006-    )|Other feedback types|||
U21-A03C|Current|(1987-    )|Flash A/D converters|||Parallel comparator, simultaneous ADC
U21-A03E|Current|(1987-    )|Interpolating A/D converters, hybrid arrangements combining different converters||Includes serial-parallel type (see also U21-A03B).|
U21-A03F|Current|(1987-    )|Testing and calibrating, broader system details|||
U21-A03F1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing and calibrating|||DC offset, auto-zero
U21-A03F3|Retired|(1992-2004)|Noise reduction and error correction*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2005 noise reduction and error correction for ADCs is covered by U21-A03F7G.|
U21-A03F5|Current|(1992-    )|Broader system details|||
U21-A03F5A|Current|(2005-    )|Input/output circuitry||Includes scaling and gain control arrangements, see U24-C codes for novel amplifier/gain control aspects.|
U21-A03F5B|Current|(2006-    )|Voltage reference circuits|||
U21-A03F5C|Current|(2005-    )|Clock arrangements|||
U21-A03F5X|Current|(2005-    )|Other details|||
U21-A03F6|Current|(2005-    )|Sampling||This code covers sampling arrangements and wider sampling aspects. See U21-B03 for novel sample and hold arrangements and U21-A04A for sigma delta converters.|
U21-A03F6A|Current|(2005-    )|Novel sampling circuit||This code covers all novel sampling arrangements. See other U21-A03F6 codes for sampling function aspect.|
U21-A03F6B|Current|(2005-    )|Oversampling|||
U21-A03F6C|Current|(2005-    )|Undersampling|||
U21-A03F6D|Current|(2005-    )|Sample modification|Modification of digital samples in DSP is covered by U22-G03B1 codes ('Re-sampling'). |Modification of digital samples in DSP is covered by U22-G03B1 codes ('Re-sampling'). |
U21-A03F6X|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
U21-A03F7|Current|(2005-    )|Improvements to ad converter performance|||
U21-A03F7A|Current|(2005-    )|Increased resolution|||
U21-A03F7C|Current|(2005-    )|Increased conversion speed|||
U21-A03F7E|Current|(2005-    )|Increased range|||
U21-A03F7G|Current|(2005-    )|Noise reduction and error correction|||
U21-A03F7J|Current|(2006-    )|Reducing power consumption|||
U21-A03F7L|Current|(2006-    )|Size reduction|||
U21-A03F7N|Current|(2012-    )|Increased accuracy or precision||Prior to 2012 see U21-A03F7G or U21-A03F7X depending on emphasis.|
U21-A03F7X|Current|(2005-    )|Other A/D converter performance improvement|||
U21-A03G|Current|(1987-    )|A/D converters implemented using other technology||Includes use of e.g. SAW, optical, Josephson junction devices (for superconductive devices, circuits, see also U14-F02 codes).|
U21-A03H|Current|(1992-    )|Reversible converters|U21-A02B, U21-A03F||
U21-A03J|Current|(1992-    )|Position encoders|U21-A03X|For absolute encoders for which displacement directly generates unique digital value U21-A03J5 is assigned with other U21-A03J codes as appropriate. See also S02-K03.|
U21-A03J1|Current|(1992-    )|Optical position encoder|U21-A03X||Rotary encoders, shaft angle, moire fringes
U21-A03J2|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic or inductive position encoder|U21-A03X||
U21-A03J5|Current|(2002-    )|Absolute position encoder||This code is assigned with other U21-A03J codes as appropriate, depending on technology, and refers to encoders with a unique relation between position and output code. Such types were indicated by the additional assignment of W05-D01 codes (now discontinued) prior to 2002.|Gray code, disc, scale, track
U21-A03J9|Current|(1992-    )|Types of position encoders - other|U21-A03X|Includes electric type e.g. capacitive, brush arrangements.|Wiping contact, potentiometer
U21-A03X|Current||Aspects of A/D conversion - other|||
U21-A04|Current||Delta and differential modulation||For testing aspects see also U21-A03F1.|
U21-A04A|Current|(1992-    )|Delta-sigma converters||Includes oversampled converter architectures. Where sampling is novel see U21-A03F6 and also see U21-A02/A03 codes as appropriate.|Sigma-delta, continuously variable slope delta, CVSD, delta modulator, oversampling
U21-A04B|Current|(1992-    )|Differential modulation|||Adaptive differential PCM, ADPCM
U21-A05|Current||Code conversion||See W01-A02 also for application of code conversion to data transmission in general.|
U21-A05A|Current||Static code converters|||
U21-A05A1|Current|(1987-    )|Parallel code conversion. Conversion to or from (non-) weighted or stochastic codes||Includes decimal code, binary coded decimal code, conversion from or to n out of m codes, to or from one out of m codes, conversion to or from floating point codes, conversion to or from Gray codes.|BCD
U21-A05A2|Current|(1987-    )|Compression, expansion, suppression of redundancy||This code is used in a general way to represent 'coding', e.g. for data compression. It is assigned alone or in conjunction with other codes - e.g. for audio or video coding, or coding for data transmission - if U21-A05A2 codes can highlight additional detail e.g. if using U21-A05A2A enables 'variable length coding' to be highlighted. When specific codes exist for the type of coding involved in an invention and U21-A05A2 codes do not provide additional focus, they are not assigned. Specific codes for particular coding applications are : S06-K07A4D for document imaging and copying; T01-D02 for computer data coding; T01-J10D for image compression; T03-P01B for compression of recorded data; W01-A02A for data transmission; W04-F01F for video signal recording coding, W04-G01F for audio signal recording coding, W04-P01A codes for video signal coding, W04-V05G for speech coding; W04-V10 for general audio coding.|
U21-A05A2A|Current|(1992-    )|Conversion to or from variable length codes|||Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code
U21-A05A2B|Current|(1992-    )|Conversion to or from run length codes|||
U21-A05B|Current|(1987-    )|Parallel/series and series/parallel conversion|||Series-in parallel-out register, SIPO, series-in series-out register, SISO, parallel-in series-out register, PISO, serial-parallel, parallel-serial
U21-A05C|Current|(1987-    )|Series transmission code. Manchester, biphase level coding||Includes conversion to or from representation by three or more level pulses.|NRZ
U21-A05D|Current|(1987-    )|Coding associated with computer keyboard or printers. Language scripts||For key scanning and coding aspects see also T04-F01A5. For keyboard interfacing see also T01-C codes.|
U21-A05D1|Current|(1987-    )|Language script coding techniques||Includes coding for dealing with e.g. Chinese, Arabic characters. Search with W01-C01B8M for application to coding for telephone keys.|Kanji, Kana, Arabic characters
U21-A06|Current||Error detection and correction||U21-A06 codes are assigned for error detection/correction in general, and to provide specific details of error correction coding in conjunction with codes in other classes, such as with T03-P01A for data recording error correction. For applications specific to telecommunications alone, W01-A01B codes are applied instead.|
U21-A06A|Current|(2005-    )|Using block codes||Covers error detection/correction coding where a predetermined number of check bits are joined to a predetermined number of information bits.|
U21-A06A1|Current|(2005-    )|CRC|||
U21-A06A2|Current|(2005-    )|Parity bit|||
U21-A06A3|Current|(2005-    )|Hamming codes|||
U21-A06A4|Current|(2005-    )|Reed Solomon coding|||
U21-A06A9|Current|(2005-    )|Other block codes|||
U21-A06C|Current|(2005-    )|Using convolutional codes||Covers error detection/correction coding where the coded sequence is algorithmically achieved through the use of current data bits plus some of the previous data bits from the incoming stream.|
U21-A06C1|Current|(2005-    )|Viterbi coding|||
U21-A06C2|Current|(2005-    )|Turbo coding|||
U21-A06C3|Current|(2005-    )|Using trellis coding|||
U21-A06C9|Current|(2005-    )|Other convolutional codes|||
U21-A06E|Current|(2005-    )|Using interleaving techniques||Covers error detection/correction arrangements where the data structure is re-organised to reduce errors.|
U21-A06G|Current|(2006-    )|Using multiple coding techniques||This code covers error correction/detection using either multiple (two or more) block or convolutional codes or a combination of block and convolutional. The coding types of the combination are applied in addition to this code. Please note, this code is only applied where the combination is the novel aspect and not where multiple coding techniques are merely listed as separate possibilities.|
U21-A06G1|Current|(2014-    )|Multiple codes used together||Covers the simultaneous use of two or more error-detecting or error-correcting codes, e.g. either multiple block or multiple convolutional codes or a combination of block and convolutional codes, used together.|
U21-A06G5|Current|(2014-    )|Multiple codes used separately (i.e. one at a time)||Covers the separate use of two or more error-detecting or error-correcting codes, e.g. either multiple block or multiple convolutional codes or a combination of block and convolutional codes, used at different times.|
U21-A06X|Current|(2005-    )|Other error detection/correction|||
U21-B|Current||Electronic switching or gating||Purely mechanical and electromechanical switches using moving metallic contacts are covered in V03 and X13, but note that mechanical details of actuating elements and the like for electronic switches are also covered in V03 (e.g. by V03-B and V03-C codes) when necessary. Electronic switching without any physical movement is covered in U21 only.|
U21-B01|Current||Electronic switching or gating, characterised by switching device|||
U21-B01A|Current||Switching using bipolar transistors and diodes||Includes Darlington configuration.|
U21-B01A1|Current|(2006-    )|Switching using IGBTs|||
U21-B01B|Current||Switching using field effect transistors|||
U21-B01C|Current||Switching using thyristors, triacs etc.||Note that U21-B02H (novel bi-directional switching arrangements) is not routinely applied for devices such as triacs which are inherently bi-directional.|Gate turn-off, GTO
U21-B01D|Current|(1987-    )|Compound switches (FET/bipolar, thyristor/FET), other semiconductor switches|||
U21-B01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Switching using transformer coupling|U21-B01D||
U21-B01E|Current|(1992-    )|Switching using optoelectronic devices|U21-B01X||Opto-coupler
U21-B01P|Current|(2009-    )|Switching using phase-change devices||This code is intended for electronic switching arrangements using devices with phase-change properties, e.g. based on materials such as chalcogenides. Logic circuits applying this technology are covered by U21-C01P. Phase-change memories are covered by U14-A03H and optical recording materials based on phase-change effects are covered by T03-B01B codes.|Amorphous, chalcogen, crystalline, selenide, sulfide, telluride
U21-B01T|Current|(2006-    )|Using nano-tubes||Other U21-B01 codes are applied where applicable, only electronic switches are coded here, if electromechanical see V03 and if solely optical see V07.|
U21-B01X|Current||Other electronic switching devices||Includes switches using Hall effect devices (when used for proximity switches see U21-B02C), superconductive devices (see U14-F02B also), gas or vacuum tubes, etc.|
U21-B02|Current||Electronic switching circuit details|||
U21-B02A|Current||Controlling switching point/instant|||
U21-B02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Introducing delay before switching using capacitor and transistors|||
U21-B02A2|Current|(1987-    )|Introducing delay before switching using digital counter, timer, computer modules|||
U21-B02A3|Current|(1987-    )|Providing predetermined threshold before switching and switching at zero-crossing||See U22-D07A for circuits delivering a pulse in response to zero-crossing and U22-A04D5 for comparators in general.|
U21-B02B|Current||Affecting states; power-on resetting||Includes storing actual state of switch when supply voltage fails.|Reset
U21-B02C|Current|(1983-    )|Proximity/touch switches||See T04-F01 also for computer keyboard switches.|
U21-B02C1|Current|(1987-    )|Capacitive/inductive/resistive not requiring displacement of switch element||This code covers 'touch' switches operating without any movement of the switch or switch parts and includes electronic switching aspects of touch screens and the like, which in general are also coded as T04-F02A2. Capacitive, inductive, magnetic or resistive electronic 'touch' switches in which part of the switch moves during operation are covered by U21-B02C2.|
U21-B02C2|Current|(1987-    )|Inductive/capacitive/resistive responding to physical displacement of plate/magnetic flux element|||
U21-B02C3|Current|(1987-    )|Using optical or other switching elements||See S03-C08 codes.|Light barrier
U21-B02D|Current|(1987-    )|Accelerating switching speed, reducing power consumption, ensuring fully conductive state, etc.|U21-B02X|Includes also modifications for improving heat dissipation.|
U21-B02D1|Current|(1987-    )|Using series/parallel switches to distribute current/voltage|||
U21-B02E|Current|(1987-    )|Switch protection|U21-B02X|See U24-F for protection of electronic circuits in general.|
U21-B02F|Current|(1992-    )|Eliminating interference voltages or currents, or other sources of noise|U21-B02X||
U21-B02G|Current|(1992-    )|Compensating variations of physical values e.g. temperature|U21-B02X||
U21-B02H|Current|(2006-    )|Bidirectional switching||This code covers novel bi-directional switching arrangements and is not routinely applied for devices such as triacs which are inherently bi-directional.|
U21-B02J|Current|(2006-    )|Switch testing|||
U21-B02X|Current||Other aspects of electronic switching|||
U21-B03|Current||Sample-and-hold arrangements|||
U21-B05|Current|(1987-    )|Applications of electronic switching circuits|||
U21-B05A|Current|(1987-    )|Analogue switching|||Transmission gate, multiplexer/demultiplexer, signal selector
U21-B05B|Current|(1987-    )|Very high power/speed switching||Includes power-pulse techniques.|
U21-B05C|Current|(1987-    )|Power converters and power switching||For low and very high power converters see separately U24-D and X12-J codes.|Semiconductor relay
U21-B05D|Current|(1987-    )|Logic||This code is intended to indicate the application of electronic switching to logic circuitry and is applied for novel electronic switching inventions which can be used in logic circuits. Details of logic circuits themselves are covered by U21-C codes which can be assigned in addition to U21-B05D when an electronic switching invention includes specific details of those circuits. In general, since it is understood that logic circuits involve switching, inventions presented as novel logic circuits are not assigned U21-B codes as well.|
U21-B05E|Current|(1992-    )|Signal switching|U21-B05X|Includes digital telecommunications, multiplexing/demultiplexing aspects, single/multiple switch arrangements. See also W01-B codes.|
U21-B05X|Current|(1987-    )|Other applications of electronic switching circuits||Includes computer applications, pulse distributors etc.|
U21-C|Current||Logic circuits|||
U21-C01|Current||Logic circuits characterised by components|||
U21-C01A|Current||Bipolar transistors and diodes|||
U21-C01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Diode- or resistor-transistor logic||Includes complementary transistor logic, Schottky transistor logic.|CTL, STL
U21-C01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Emitter coupled logic||Includes emitter function logic, base coupled logic.|ECL, EFL, BCL
U21-C01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Transistor-transistor logic|||TTL
U21-C01A4|Current|(1992-    )|Integrated injection logic||Includes integrated Schottky logic, static induction logic.|ISL, STIL, IIL, I2L
U21-C01B|Current||FET|||
U21-C01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Mesfet|||
U21-C01B3|Current|(1987-    )|Mosfet|||Complementary, CMOS, enhancement/depletion mode, source coupled field effect logic, SCFL
U21-C01B5|Current|(1987-    )|Dynamic mosfet|||
U21-C01C|Current|(1987-    )|Combined FET and bipolar|||Schottky diode-FET logic, SDFL, BiCMOS, BiMOS, BiFET, BiMIS
U21-C01D|Current|(1987-    )|Logic circuits implemented with circuit blocks||Includes use of e.g. operational amplifiers and multiplexers and also use of logic gates as 'blocks' to make up larger logic circuits and systems.|
U21-C01E|Current|(1987-    )|Programmable logic arrays, gate arrays, reconfigurable logic|U21-C01X|Includes semicustom ASIC e.g. gate arrays (uncommitted logic arrays, configurable gate arrays, logic arrays), programmable logic devices categorised as programmable logic arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic sequencers. For physical layout and interconnection details see also U11-D03, U13-C04C. To identify type of transistor employed, U21-C01B or U13-C codes are used.|PLA, PLD, FPGA
U21-C01F|Current|(1992-    )|Logic circuits using superconductive devices|U21-C01X|See also U14-F02C.|
U21-C01G|Current|(1992-    )|Logic circuits using optoelectronic devices|U21-C01X|For optical logic elements, see V07-K06. For digital computing aspects, see T01-E05.|
U21-C01P|Current|(2009-    )|Logic circuits using phase-change devices||This code is intended for logic circuits using devices with phase-change properties, e.g. based on materials such as chalcogenides. Electronic switching circuits applying this technology are covered by U21-B01P. Phase-change memories are covered by U14-A03H and optical recording materials based on phase-change effects are covered by T03-B01B codes.|Amorphous, chalcogen, crystalline, selenide, sulfide, telluride
U21-C01R|Current|(1997-    )|Logic circuits using devices with tunnelling mechanism||Includes resonant tunnelling transistor or diode.|RTBT, RHET, tunnel diode
U21-C01T|Current|(2006-    )|Logic circuits using nanotubes|U21-C01X||
U21-C01X|Current||Logic circuits using other technology or components||Includes logic circuits using magnetic, galvano-magnetic (Hall-effect) devices, ferroelectric capacitors.|
U21-C02|Current||Interface circuits|||Input circuit, output circuit, buffer, transistor level shifting
U21-C02A|Current|(1987-    )|Inter-family; logic level shifting|||TTL-CMOS, TTL-ECL,
U21-C02A1|Current|(2007-    )|Inter-family||This code is intended for circuits interfacing between different logic families. Circuits providing an interface between logic circuits of the same type operating from different supply voltages are covered by U21-C02A5.|
U21-C02A5|Current|(2007-    )|Logic level shifting||This code is intended for circuits providing an interface between logic circuits of the same type operating from different supply voltages. Interfacing between different logic families is covered by U21-C02A1.|
U21-C02B|Current|(1987-    )|Drivers for displays, relays etc.||See also T04-H codes for displays, V03-D02 for relays.|
U21-C02C|Current|(1987-    )|Tri-state driver and parallel bus||See also appropriate codes in T01 and W01.|
U21-C02D|Current|(1987-    )|Serial line transmission||See also appropriate codes in T01 and W01.|
U21-C02D1|Current|(2007-    )|Differential transmission||This code includes e.g. low voltage differential signalling (LVDS) circuits, from 2007 see also W01-A08D for differential data transmission systems in general.|
U21-C02E|Current|(2006-    )|IC termination||Covers interface for termination of transmission line for integrated circuits using active or passive components. Includes stand alone or on-chip, see also U25-D05 and/or W01/W02.|
U21-C03|Current|(1983-    )|Logic function and general integrated circuit details|||
U21-C03A|Current|(1987-    )|Integrated circuit - general gate aspects|||
U21-C03A1|Current|(1987-    )|Input-output details, increased speed||Includes modifications to increase fan-in and fan-out, and protection against short-circuited output.|
U21-C03A2|Current|(1987-    )|Power supply and noise prevention||Power supply details' refers to internal details of the logic circuit. Novel circuits for power supplies in general are covered by U24-D and U24-E codes which are also assigned as appropriate when part of the logic circuit itself. |
U21-C03A2A|Current|(1992-    )|Modifications to reduce power dissipation|U21-C03A2|Includes power supply substrate bias.|
U21-C03A2B|Current|(1992-    )|Noise suppression|U21-C03A2|Includes modifications for eliminating interference or parasitic voltages and currents, compensating for variations in temperature, supply voltage etc.|Ground bounce
U21-C03A3|Old|(1992-2005)|Inverters (logic)|U21-C03A9|Includes details of pulses for e.g. NMOS, CMOS, BJT inverters (see also U21-C01A, U21-C01B). For pulse aspects see also appropriate U22-D01 codes. Includes also modifications of threshold for gating or switching. Complete novel inverters are coded as logic gates under U21-C03B.|
U21-C03A3|Current|(1992-    )|Inverter circuit details|U21-C03A9|Includes details of pulses for e.g. NMOS, CMOS, BJT inverters (see also U21-C01A, U21-C01B). For pulse aspects see also appropriate U22-D01 codes. Includes also modifications of threshold for gating or switching. Complete novel inverters are coded as logic gates under U21-C03B.|
U21-C03A5|Current|(2006-    )|Reducing circuit size|||
U21-C03A9|Current|(1987-    )|Aspects of logic circuits - other|||
U21-C03B|Current|(1987-    )|Logic gates||Includes novel circuits which perform logic functions e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT, EXCLUSIVE-OR, NAND.|
U21-C03B1|Current|(1987-    )|Tri- or multi-level, fuzzy logic|||
U21-C03B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Tri- or multi-level logic|||
U21-C03B1B|Current|(1992-    )|Fuzzy logic||See T01-J16B for complex systems.|
U21-C03B2|Current|(1987-    )|Arithmetic||Includes majority and minority circuits. See also T01-E02.|Add, carry, computation, equivalence, multifunction, majority, arithmetic logic unit, ALU
U21-C03B3|Current|(2005-    )|Programmable controllers||This code covers PLC. Also, see T01 codes for programme control aspects and T06 codes for process and machine control aspects.|PLC
U21-C03B4|Current|(2005-    )|State machines||Also see relevant T01 codes|State Machine, Finite State Machine
U21-C03B9|Current|(1987-    )|Types of logic circuits - other|||
U21-C03C|Current|(1987-    )|Fail-safe|||Monitor, fault detection, majority
U21-C03D|Current|(1987-    )|Logic simulators, design logic circuit construction, circuit board wiring||Includes e.g. piggy-back construction for bus systems. For CAD applied to integrated circuits, see also U11-G.|Computer-aided logic design, logic CAD, layout optimisation, logic synthesis
U21-C03D1|Current|(1997-    )|Logic circuit testing||See also S01-G01A codes and, for integrated circuit aspects, U11-F01D and/or U13-C07 codes.|Signal analysis, set/scan logic
U21-D|Current||Pulse counters and frequency dividers|||
U21-D01|Current||Input/output circuits|||Serial-in parallel-out, serial-in serial-out
U21-D02|Current||Starting/stopping/monitoring|||
U21-D02A|Current|(1992-    )|Starting/stopping|||Reset
U21-D02B|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring. Error correction|||
U21-D03|Current||Synchronous counting chains||Includes both series (ripple) carry and parallel (look-ahead) carry for enable signal of synchronous counter.|
U21-D03A|Current|(1992-    )|Ring counters||Includes feedback shift register counters. For random output counters see U21-D05C6.|Twisted-ring, switched tail, moebius, Johnson
U21-D04|Current||Asynchronous counting chains|||Ripple counters
U21-D05|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by counter details|||
U21-D05A|Current|(1992-    )|Reversible|||Up-down, forward-backward
U21-D05B|Current|(1992-    )|With non-binary base||Excludes counters with base which is power of two.|
U21-D05B1|Current|(1992-    )|With variable counting base|||
U21-D05B2|Current|(1992-    )|Divide-by-n counters|||
U21-D05B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Decade counters|||
U21-D05B2B|Current|(1992-    )|In which the base is an odd number|||
U21-D05B3|Current|(1992-    )|In which the base is a non-integer|||
U21-D05C|Current|(1992-    )|Counters characterised by random or specific code output||Excludes standard base types e.g. binary, hexadecimal etc. Includes counting systems for specific coding formats e.g. reflected codes.|
U21-D05C1|Current|(1992-    )|Using gray code|||
U21-D05C2|Current|(1992-    )|Using excess three code|||
U21-D05C3|Current|(1992-    )|Using biquinary code|||
U21-D05C6|Current|(1992-    )|Random counters||See U22-A01A for random pulse generators in general.|
U21-D06|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by the type of the device used|||
U21-D06A|Current|(1992-    )|Using semiconductor devices|||
U21-D06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Field effect transistors|||CMOS counters
U21-D06A2|Current|(1992-    )|Bipolar transistors|||TTL, ECL
U21-D06A3|Current|(1992-    )|Opto-electronic devices|||
U21-D06B|Current|(1992-    )|Using electromechanical devices||Includes counters using e.g. relays.|
U21-D06X|Current|(1992-    )|Devices used as counters - other||Includes counters using semiconductor devices not covered by U21-D06A, e.g. thyristors, diodes, CCD and other types of device e.g. magnetic cores, gas-filled tubes etc.|
U21-D09|Current||Aspects of pulse counters and frequency dividers - other|||
U22|Current||Pulse generation and manipulation|||
U22-A|Current||Generating electric pulses|||
U22-A01|Current||Generators producing trains of pulses|||
U22-A01A|Current|(1983-    )|Random pulse generators||See T01-E04 for data processing arrangements for generating random numbers. Random counters are covered by U21-D05C6. Random number generators for e.g. gaming purposes are covered by T05-F and W04-X02 codes.|Pseudo-random generator, pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS), shift register
U22-A02|Current||Characterised by active element|||
U22-A02A|Current||Bipolar transistors|||
U22-A02A1|Current|(1987-    )|In integrated circuit form|||
U22-A02B|Current||FET|||
U22-A02B1|Current|(1987-    )|In integrated circuit form|||
U22-A02C|Current||Semiconductor devices - other||Includes discrete and integrated devices.|
U22-A02D|Current|(1987-    )|Using logic blocks||E.g. gates, counters and flip-flops.|RS/JK/D-type, inverter
U22-A02E|Current|(1987-    )|Using operational amplifiers or comparators||This code covers the use only of comparators or operational amplifiers, i.e. where the devices themselves are not novel. Novel OPAMPs are covered by U24-G02A5 codes and novel comparator circuits of general application by U22-A04D5. From 1992 - 2011 U22-A04D1 also covered pulse generators with an overall comparator function.|
U22-A02X|Current||Active element - other||Includes Josephson superconductor (with U14-F), and use of Wiegand wire.|
U22-A03|Current||Using energy-accumulating element and external switching signal||Includes capacitor store discharging into load, transmission line, etc. See also X12-J09 for high power types.|Blumlein, inductive store 
U22-A04|Current|(1983-    )|Circuit type|||
U22-A04A|Current|(1983-    )|Astable|||
U22-A04A1|Current|(1987-    )|Blocking oscillator|||Transformer, winding, flux, saturation, inverter, converter
U22-A04A2|Current|(1987-    )|Crystal||Also coded in U23-A01A codes, based on inherent 'single frequency' aspect. Includes oscillator using other electromechanical resonator types, such as ceramic, SAW, etc. See V06-V codes for details of electromechanical resonators per se.|Piezoelectric, quartz, series, parallel, resonance
U22-A04A3|Current|(1987-    )|Feedback||Includes oscillator with e.g. logic gates (also covered in U22-A02D) in ring circuit or similar. U22-A04A2 takes precedence for feedback arrangement including resonator element.|
U22-A04A4|Current|(1987-    )|Relaxation|||Capacitor, charge
U22-A04A9|Current|(1987-    )|With voltage or current control||Includes VCO.|
U22-A04B|Current|(1983-    )|Mono-stable|||
U22-A04C|Current|(1983-    )|Bi-stable|||
U22-A04D|Retired|(1987-2011)|Comparator*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter is transferred to U22-A02E in the case of pulse generators based on comparators and U22-D01A1C for circuits performing a thresholding function on pulses. U22-A04D remains valid and searchable for records between 1992 and 2011 when it was used for comparator circuit pulse generators in general. |
U22-A04D1|Retired|(1992-2011)|Comparator pulse generator*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter is transferred to U22-A02E in the case of pulse generators based on comparators and U22-D01A1C for circuits performing a thresholding function on pulses. U22-A04D1 remains valid and searchable for records between 1992 and 2011 when it was used for circuits configured as comparators with the purpose of generating pulses. Novel comparator circuits are coded in U22-A04D5, irrespective of application. (See note for that code). |
U22-A04D5|Current|(1992-    )|General comparator circuits||This code is used to denote novel comparator circuits per se of general application, i.e. without regard to the pulse/continuous nature of either the input signal(s) or the output produced. The following codes may also be applied depending on the purpose of the circuit:|
U22-A04X|Current|(1983-    )|Circuit type - other||Includes multistable pulse generating circuits.|
U22-B|Current||Generator details||See U22-H also, if phase frequency/control is involved.|
U22-B01|Current||Output regulation/control|||
U22-B02|Current|(1987-    )|On-chip integrated circuit details|||
U22-B03|Current|(1987-    )|General details of larger IC systems||Includes e.g. reset circuits.|
U22-B05|Current|(1997-    )|Parameter compensation||U22-B05 codes are assigned for compensation of parameters of the oscillator/pulse generator circuit itself and for the effect of external parameters. The codes are not used for similar arrangements applied to subsequent circuitry such as pulse shaping or pulse amplifying circuits.|
U22-B05A|Current|(1997-    )|Active device characteristics|||
U22-B05C|Current|(1997-    )|Physical characteristics|||Temperature, voltage
U22-B09|Current||Pulse generator details - other||Includes generator starting circuits.|
U22-C|Current||Generating finite slope or stepped portion pulses|||
U22-C01|Current||Generating triangular shape pulses|||
U22-C09|Current||Finite slope or stepped portion pulse generation - other|||
U22-D|Current||Manipulating pulses|||
U22-D01|Current||Shaping pulses|||
U22-D01A|Current||Thresholding, changing duration, limiting, amplifying, steepening|||
U22-D01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Thresholding, limiting, amplifying, steepening|||
U22-D01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Level clamping||Covers limiting of amplitude and establishment or removal of offsets.|
U22-D01A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Thresholding||This code is used for circuits determining that a pulse signal has attained a preset threshold level, i.e. comparing the amplitude of a pulse with a (usually fixed) reference. For example, a circuit re-establishing logic levels in data read from a magnetic hard disc would be coded here (also in T03-A06C3 and T03-A08A1C). When comparators are used for this purpose U22-D10F is also assigned.|Slicing
U22-D01A3|Current|(1992-    )|General pulse noise reduction circuits||This code is used for anti-contact-bounce arrangements and for circuitry suppressing the effects of other noise sources on pulses.|
U22-D01A5|Retired|(1987-1991)|Changing duration without time reference signals*||*This code is now discontinued and from 1992 this subject matter is transferred to U22-D01A6A.|
U22-D01A6|Current|(1992-    )|Changing pulse duration||This code covers material previously coded in|
U22-D01A6A|Current|(1992-    )|Changing duration without time reference signals|U22-D01A5|Includes use of delay line, resonant circuit, etc.|Pulse stretching
U22-D01A6C|Current|(1992-    )|Changing duration using time reference signals|U22-D01A7||
U22-D01A7|Retired|(1987-1991)|Changing duration using time reference signals*||*This code is now discontinued and from 1992 this subject matter is transferred to U22-D01A6C.|
U22-D01D|Retired|(1987-1996)|Characterised by active element technology*||*This code is now discontinued. From 1997 see U22-D10 codes which are intended to provide information on active element technology for all U22-D subdivisions. U22-D codes remain valid for records from 1987-1996.|
U22-D01D1|Retired|(1987-1996)|Integrated circuit implementation*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U22-D01D3|Retired|(1987-1996)|Discrete: FET, bipolar, etc.*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U22-D01D5|Retired|(1987-1996)|Gates, flip-flops, counters*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U22-D01D7|Retired|(1987-1996)|Operational amplifier, comparator*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U22-D01D9|Retired|(1987-1996)|Technology for pulse shaping - other*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U22-D01X|Current||Pulse shaping - other|||
U22-D02|Current||Comparing/sorting pulses||Includes comparison of individual pulses or pulse trains. See note for U22-A04D5 (comparators in general).|
U22-D02A|Current|(1997-    )|With respect to amplitude|||
U22-D02C|Current|(1997-    )|With respect to phase||Includes time-of-arrival comparison pulses.|
U22-D02E|Current|(1997-    )|With respect to frequency|||
U22-D02G|Current|(1997-    )|With respect to duration|||
U22-D02X|Current|(1997-    )|Pulse comparison based on other characteristic|||
U22-D03|Current||Monitoring pulses||Includes circuits to detect deviation from desired characteristic of individual pulse and also missing pulses in pulse trains.|
U22-D03A|Current|(1997-    )|With respect to amplitude|||
U22-D03C|Current|(1997-    )|With respect to phase|||
U22-D03E|Current|(1997-    )|With respect to frequency|||
U22-D03G|Current|(1997-    )|With respect to duration|||
U22-D03X|Current|(1997-    )|Pulse monitoring based on other characteristic|||
U22-D04|Current||Changing timing of pulses at single output|||Synchronisation, clock, phase, delay, gate
U22-D04A|Current|(1997-    )|Changing pulse timing using active devices||This code covers the use of individual transistors, amplifiers, logic gates etc. to alter the timing of pulses and takes precedence over U22-A04C.|Counter, D-type, flip-flop, memory, register
U22-D04C|Current|(1997-    )|Changing pulse timing using passive devices||This code covers the use of passive components only such as resistors, capacitors, delay lines and networks to alter the timing of pulses.|Coil, CR, filter, inductor, LC, RC, RL, transmission line, winding
U22-D05|Current||Changing pulse train pattern||Includes circuits separating pulses from composite pulse train. For TV synchronising signal separation in receivers see W03-A06 codes also.|
U22-D05A|Old|(1987-2010)|Frequency multipliers/dividers||Covers devices and circuits which are not digitally controllable. Variable dividers and multipliers based on counting circuits are covered by U21-D codes. See U23-B02 for digital frequency multipliers for analog signals, e.g. sinusoidal oscillator signals. |
U22-D05A|Current|(2011-    )|Frequency multipliers and dividers||In addition to coverage of circuits providing fixed multiplication or division of pulse signals, from 2011 the scope of this code has been expanded to include digitally controllable devices and circuits, which were previously excluded. Novel aspects of variable divider and multiplier circuits based on counters are covered by U21-D codes which are also assigned as necessary. See U23-B02 for digital frequency multipliers for analog signals, e.g. sinusoidal oscillator signals. |
U22-D06|Current||Pulse distributors||Includes clock signal distributors. See T01-K codes also for arrangements specifically for computers.|Multiple output
U22-D06A|Current|(1997-    )|With outputs differing in phase|||
U22-D06C|Current|(1997-    )|With outputs differing in frequency|||Clock doubler
U22-D07|Current||Delivering pulse as function of input signal characteristics||Includes comparator type circuits generating a pulse when input signal reaches a preset threshold, and edge triggered circuits. See note for U22-A04D5.|
U22-D07A|Current|(1987-    )|Zero crossing, responding to power supply||Includes e.g. power-on-reset circuits (see U21-B02B also). See U21-B02A3 for switching circuits operating at zero-crossing.|
U22-D07C|Current|(1997-    )|Individual pulse peak detector||Covers arrangements delivering a pulse in response to the peak value of an input signal. For peak detectors in the context of signal rectifiers see U24-C03A, and for electrical measuring instruments in particular, S01-D01A3.|
U22-D10|Current|(1997-    )|Pulse manipulation circuit implementation||Codes in this section are applied, in conjunction with other U22-D codes, to indicate the technology used only. They do not, in general, represent novel aspects which are indicated by the accompanying code(s) appropriate to the particular pulse manipulation involved. Prior to 199701, technology was indicated for pulse shaping only by U22-D01D codes, which are no longer assigned.|
U22-D10A|Current|(1997-    )|Bipolar transistor|||
U22-D10A1|Current|(1997-    )|Integrated|U22-D01D1||
U22-D10A2|Current|(1997-    )|Discrete|U22-D01D3||
U22-D10B|Current|(1997-    )|Field effect transistor|||
U22-D10B1|Current|(1997-    )|Integrated|U22-D01D1||
U22-D10B2|Current|(1997-    )|Discrete|U22-D01D3||
U22-D10C|Current|(1997-    )|Bipolar and FET combined|||
U22-D10C1|Current|(1997-    )|Integrated|U22-D01D1||
U22-D10C2|Current|(1997-    )|Discrete|U22-D01D3||
U22-D10D|Current|(1997-    )|Using logic blocks|||
U22-D10E|Current|(1997-    )|Using computer/microprocessor|||
U22-D10F|Current|(2002-    )|Using comparator|||
U22-D10X|Current|(1997-    )|Pulse manipulation technology - other|||
U22-E|Current||Modulating/demodulating pulses; transforming modulation type||From 199701, this code is expanded to include demodulation of pulses and transformation of modulation type, previously covered by U22-F.|
U22-E01|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by modulation type||U22-E01 codes are assigned to indicate the type of modulation (or demodulation with U22-E05A) only, and do not themselves represent novel aspects, these being highlighted by other U22-E codes.|
U22-E01A|Current|(1997-    )|PWM|||PDM, duration, edge modulation, width
U22-E01C|Current|(1997-    )|PPM|||Position
U22-E01E|Current|(1997-    )|PAM|||Amplitude
U22-E01G|Current|(1997-    )|PFM|||Frequency
U22-E01X|Current|(1997-    )|Pulse modulation type - other|||
U22-E03|Current|(1997-    )|Novel circuitry (including systems)|||
U22-E05|Current|(1997-    )|Demodulation of pulses; transforming modulation type|U22-F|Used with other U22-E codes when emphasis is on demodulation.|
U22-E05A|Current|(1997-    )|Demodulating pulses|U22-F||
U22-E05C|Current|(1997-    )|Transforming pulse modulation type|U22-F||
U22-E07|Current|(1997-    )|Application of pulse modulation/demodulation|U22-F|This code is intended to represent, with U22-E01 and/or U22-E05 codes as appropriate, applications of pulse modulation or demodulation. It may be assigned, therefore, for inventions where circuitry aspects are not novel per se.|
U22-E09|Current|(1997-    )|Pulse modulation/demodulation - other|||
U22-F|Retired|(1980-1996)|Demodulating pulses, transforming modulation type*||*This code is now discontinued and the subject matter is incorporated into U22-E codes. U22-F remains valid for records prior to 1997.|
U22-G|Current||Digital filters and networks||U22-G03 codes cover digital signal processing/networks in general and U22-G01 codes are applied in addition when concerned with digital filters. See U25 codes for analogue equivalent filters and networks. See also T01-J08B for data processing aspects.|
U22-G01|Current|(1992-    )|Digital filters||Codes in this section are split into filter type and filter function. For construction, performance, operation and application see relevant U22-G03 codes. See T01-J08B for computer aspect.|
U22-G01A|Current|(1992-    )|Digital filter types|||
U22-G01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Recursive||Covers filters incorporating feedback.|Infinite impulse response, IIR
U22-G01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Wave digital filter|||
U22-G01A1B|Current|(2005-    )|Kalman filter|||
U22-G01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Non-recursive||Covers filters without feedback and includes digital transversal filters. See U25-A02 for analogue transversal filters.|Finite impulse response, FIR
U22-G01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Adaptive and variable filter||From 2015, the title of this code has been changed to reflect the existing coverage of filters with characteristics that are adjustable but not necessarily varied in response to input signal characteristics, i.e. not necessarily adaptive.|
U22-G01A5A|Current|(1997-    )|Coefficient derivation details|||Tap
U22-G01A5B|Current|(2005-    )|Matched filter|||
U22-G01B|Current|(1992-    )|Filter function|||
U22-G01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Low pass||U22-G01B6 takes precedence where emphasis is on decimation filtering.|
U22-G01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Band pass|||
U22-G01B3|Current|(1992-    )|High pass|||
U22-G01B4|Current|(1992-    )|Notch filter||This code covers digital filters which attenuate a band of frequencies and pass those on either side.|Band stop filter
U22-G01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Comb filter|||
U22-G01B6|Current|(1992-    )|Decimation filter|||
U22-G01B9|Current|(1992-    )|Filter function - other|||
U22-G01C|Retired|(1992-2004)|Filter construction*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 details of components/configuration of digital signal processing/networks in general are covered by U22-G03 codes.|
U22-G01D|Retired|(1992-2004)|Filter operation*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 details of operation and application of digital signal processing/networks in general are covered by U22-G03 codes.|
U22-G01X|Current|(1992-    )|Digital filters - other|||
U22-G03|Current|(2005-    )|Digital signal processing/networks||U22-G03 codes cover digital signal processing and networks and are split to cover constructional details (U22-G03A), digital sampling (U22-G03B), functions and performance (U22-G03C) and operation and application (U22-G03E). U22-G01 codes applied in addition to U22-G03 codes to highlight digital filter aspects.|
U22-G03A|Current|(2005-    )|Construction||This code covers constructional details including design, z-transform blocks, DSP block architectures, etc. Testing aspects are covered in U22-G03A1. Other U22-G03 are applied where applicable.|
U22-G03A1|Current|(2005-    )|Testing|||
U22-G03A5|Current|(2015-    )|Design of digital filters and digital signal processors in general||This code is assigned for novel aspects of apparatus, methods or software for use in the DSP design process. For computer-aided design (CAD) aspects see also T01-J15A codes.|
U22-G03B|Current|(2006-    )|Digital sampling||Includes systems that sample signals that are already digital, for sampling of analog signals see U21-A03F6 codes. Interpolation aspects are coded here.|
U22-G03B1|Current|(2006-    )|Re-sampling||Includes arrangements for interfacing two DSP blocks/systems that have different sampling rates.|
U22-G03B1A|Current|(2006-    )|Up-sampling|||
U22-G03B1C|Current|(2006-    )|Down-sampling|||
U22-G03C|Current|(2005-    )|Functions and performance|||
U22-G03C1|Current|(2005-    )|Functions used in digital signal processing||U22-G03C1 codes are applied to highlight functions performed by digital signal processors and networks. These codes are used to highlight block level functions and not the overall application, which is represented by U22-G03E3 codes. Filtering using digital filters is covered by U22-G01 codes.|
U22-G03C1A|Current|(2005-    )|Addition and multiplication||For integration function see U22-G03C1G.|
U22-G03C1C|Current|(2005-    )|Delay|||
U22-G03C1E|Current|(2005-    )|Array handling||This code is applied to highlight the function of fetching values from memory locations and/or copying data from memory to memory.|
U22-G03C1G|Current|(2006-    )|Integration|||
U22-G03C1X|Current|(2005-    )|Other function|||
U22-G03C2|Current|(2005-    )|Performance|||
U22-G03C2A|Current|(2005-    )|Size reduction|||
U22-G03C2C|Current|(2005-    )|Reduction in power consumption|||
U22-G03C2E|Current|(2005-    )|Increasing processing speed|||
U22-G03C2X|Current|(2005-    )|Other performance aspect|||
U22-G03E|Current|(2005-    )|Operation and application||These codes are used to highlight overall operation and application of a DSP system/network, i.e. the use of DSP blocks to perform e.g. Fourier transform, where the novelty may not be the blocks per se but is the way the blocks are used to perform the operation.|
U22-G03E1|Current|(2005-    )|Operation||This code is applied to highlight general operation of digital signal processing/networks.|
U22-G03E1A|Current|(2005-    )|Software and algorithms||See T01-J04B1 for transformation functions in general.|Fourier transform, Hilbert transform, Polynomial transform, WALSH functions
U22-G03E3|Current|(2005-    )|Application of DSP||U22-G03E3 codes are applied to highlight the application of a digital signal processor or network. Filtering using digital filters is covered by U22-G01 codes but applications of filtering can be indicated by assignment of U22-G03E3 codes as well, e.g. a digital filter used for reducing noise would be represented by appropriate U22-G01 codes in conjunction with U22-G03E3A.|
U22-G03E3A|Current|(2005-    )|Noise reducing/cancelling|||
U22-G03E3C|Current|(2005-    )|Equalization|||
U22-G03E3D|Current|(2005-    )|Correlation||See T01-J04B2 for correlation functions in general.|
U22-G03E3F|Current|(2005-    )|Phase shifting and delay|||
U22-G03E3X|Current|(2005-    )|Other DSP application|||
U22-G05|Retired|(1992-2004)|Digital networks*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 digital Networks in general are covered by U22-G03 codes.|
U22-G05A|Retired|(1992-2004)|Network construction*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 digital network construction in general is covered by U22-G03 codes.|
U22-G05B|Retired|(1992-2004)|Network operation*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 digital network operation in general is covered by U22-G03 codes.|
U22-G09|Current|(1992-    )|Digital network aspects - other|||
U22-H|Current||Automatic digital phase/frequency-control and synchronisation||This is a general code used to indicate control of phase or frequency in digital systems, especially for synchronization, and includes non-PLL phase control and clock extraction circuits (see W01-A04 codes for data transmission aspects). Other U22 codes are also assigned as necessary, such as U22-D04 codes for delay circuits and U22-D06 codes for clock distribution arrangements. Inventions concerned with digital phase lock loops (PLLs) and delay lock loops (DLLs) are covered by U23-D01 codes which are assigned instead of U22-H. |Clock signal, clock skew, clock tree
U23|Current||Oscillation and modulation||In general this class covers circuits dealing with sinusoidal oscillations, but also includes digital implementations of circuits such as phase-locked loops, phase detectors etc. which may be interfaced with analogue systems. Applications may involve codes in section W for data transmission, radio and TV receivers, etc.|
U23-A|Current||Sinusoidal oscillators, (using)||See U23-E codes for control of output.|
U23-A01|Current||Amplifier with regenerative feedback||Negative resistance oscillator circuits are coded in U23-A02.|
U23-A01A|Current||Electromechanical resonator||Oscillators using logic inverters and the like in a feedback arrangement with an electromechanical resonator are also assigned U22 codes (e.g. U22-A02D and U22-A04A2). Novel aspects of resonators themselves are covered by V06-V01E codes with other V06-V codes as appropriate.|Quartz, crystal, piezoelectric, fundamental, overtone, parallel, series, resonance, effective series resistance, ESR, trim
U23-A01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Saw resonator||See U14-G and V06-V for SAW resonators per se.|surface acoustic wave, IDT, interdigitated
U23-A01A2|Current|(2006-    )|MEMs resonator||See V06-V codes for MEMs and NEMs resonators per se.|surface acoustic wave, IDT, interdigitated
U23-A01A5|Current|(1992-    )|With voltage control, e.g. VCXO||This code is used with U23-A01A or U23-A01A1, as appropriate. Voltage controlled oscillators for PLLs are covered by U23-D01A1, and astable multivibrator type VCOs by U22-A04B9.|
U23-A01B|Current||Inductive/capacitive resistive elements|||
U23-A01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Discrete LCR|||Frequency/phase-shift, Wien bridge, parallel-T, tuned circuit, coil, inductor, capacitor, resistor
U23-A01B2|Current|(1987-    )|Distributed LCR, YIG or dielectric resonator etc.|||Coaxial, cavity, tuned line, stripline, microstrip, YIG sphere, magnetic
U23-A01B5|Current|(1992-    )|With voltage control e.g. VCO||This code is used with U23-A01B1 or U23-A01B2 as appropriate. (See note for U23-A01A5).|
U23-A02|Current||Negative resistance element or transit-time effects||Includes oscillators with conventional three-terminal device in negative resistance circuit configuration.|Gunn diode, IMPATT, klystron, magnetron, TWT
U23-A05|Current|(2014-    )|Oscillators based on spin transport electronics||Covers oscillators using 'spintronics' or 'magnetoelectronics', e.g. spin torque oscillators as used in microwave-assisted magnetic recording, for which T03-A06N3 codes are also assigned. U23-Q is also assigned to denote significant high-frequency (e.g. microwave) aspects.|Giant magnetoresistance, GMR, MAMR, oscillating field, STO, TMR, tunnel magnetoresistance
U23-A06|Current|(2016-    )|Atomic oscillators||This code is intended to cover oscillators in which signals, e.g. at microwave frequencies, are emitted by electrons in the atoms of gaseous alkali metals changing energy levels. Prior to 2016 this kind of oscillator was coded as U23-A when appropriate but was chiefly covered by U23-D02 which will continue to be assigned for inventions based on the use of such oscillators as a reference frequency source.|Cesium, coherent population trapping, CPT, double resonance, energy transition, gas cell, laser, light, quantum interference, rubidium
U23-B|Current||Frequency multipliers/dividers|||
U23-B01|Current|(1987-    )|Analogue|||Harmonic resonator, varactor, injection, diode bridge
U23-B02|Current|(1987-    )|Digital||See U22-D05A for circuits multiplying or dividing pulse rate. Counter circuits are covered by U21-D codes.|
U23-C|Current||Phase or frequency comparators||This code covers circuits for comparing the phase of frequency of sinusoidal signals. U23-D01A3A, which covers phase comparators/detectors in phase lock loops or delay lock loops takes precedence over these codes.|
U23-C01|Current|(1987-    )|Analogue phase or frequency comparator||This code covers analogue circuitry used for comparing the phase or frequency of sinusoidal signals.|
U23-C02|Current|(1987-    )|Digital phase or frequency comparator||This code covers digital circuitry used for comparing the phase or frequency of sinusoidal signals. Digital circuits comparing the phase of pulse signals are covered by U22-D02C and their frequency by U22-D02E.|
U23-D|Current||Automatic phase/frequency control; synchronisation||Purely digital circuitry e.g. for clock extraction from incoming data stream, is coded in U22-H. From 199201 U23-D01 codes are used for all aspects of phase-locked loops, whether of analogue or digital type. U23-D01A8 codes are used to distinguish analogue, digital, or hybrid types. Prior to 199201 see U23-D01 codes and U22-H codes as appropriate.|
U23-D01|Current|(1987-    )|Delay lock loop and phase lock loop||In 2005, the title of this code was changed to better reflect its inclusion of delay lock loops as well as phase lock loops. In the case of DLLs U23-D01D is assigned with other U23-D01 codes as appropriate. U23-D01 codes take precedence over the 'general synchronization' code U22-H, which is assigned for digital phase and frequency control circuits not involving a PLL or DLL.|Delay/frequency/phase-locked loop
U23-D01A|Current|(1987-    )|Loop details|||
U23-D01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Voltage controlled oscillator||Reference oscillators for frequency synthesisers are covered by U23-D01B3.|Current/voltage/numerically controlled oscillator, CCO, VCO, NCO, voltage controlled crystal oscillator, VCXO
U23-D01A2|Current|(2007-    )|Active loop control||Includes control of loop gain, for which U24-C01 codes are also assigned as appropriate.|
U23-D01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Phase detector||From 2002 the title of this code has been changed to better reflect the previous inclusion of charge pumps, now coded separately as U23-D01A3C.|
U23-D01A3A|Current|(2002-    )|Phase detector|||
U23-D01A3C|Current|(2002-    )|Charge pump||Charge pumps in general are covered by U24-D02A1.|
U23-D01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Lock detector||False lock protection is covered by U23-D01F3.|Out-of-lock detector
U23-D01A6|Current|(2005-    )|Delay array||Includes delay line, see U22-D04 and U25-A05 where relevant.|
U23-D01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Loop filter|||
U23-D01A7A|Current|(1992-    )|Variable bandwidth|||
U23-D01A8|Current|(1992-    )|Loop type|||
U23-D01A8A|Current|(1992-    )|Analogue|||
U23-D01A8B|Current|(1992-    )|Digital|||
U23-D01A8C|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid analogue/digital PLL system|||
U23-D01B|Current|(1987-    )|Frequency synthesisers||See W02-G03A codes also for application to radio communications equipment in general, and U23-F01 codes for direct synthesisers.|Synthesis, step, select, preset channel, radio receiver, transceiver, transmitter
U23-D01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Division circuit, e.g. variable ratio divider|||
U23-D01B1A|Current|(1997-    )|For fractional synthesis|||Fractional-N
U23-D01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Reference oscillator||See U23-A01A also for oscillator circuits employing an electromechanical resonator. VCOs (and VCXOs) are coded in U23-D01A1 and the appropriate U23-A code. For temperature compensation aspects U23-E05 is also assigned.|Quartz, crystal, SAW, oven, temperature, control
U23-D01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Output filter arrangements, improving purity||This code covers arrangements to reduce noise, spurious signals, etc. which are specific to the synthesiser circuit, i.e. it is not routinely assigned for noise reduction that is actually a property of the PLL itself which is covered by U23-D01F5.|
U23-D01B7|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by use of more than one loop||Includes dual-loop PLL synthesisers.|
U23-D01C|Current|(1987-    )|Modulation/demodulation applications||See also other U23 codes for type of modulation.|
U23-D01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Costas loop system|||
U23-D01D|Current|(2005-    )|Delay lock loop||This code is assigned to indicate that an invention relates to a delay lock loop rather than a phase lock loop, other U23-D01 codes being assigned with it depending on novelty. When U23-D01 codes are assigned without U23-D01D, it is assumed that a PLL is involved or that the invention is not specific to DLLs.|
U23-D01E|Current|(2006-    )|PLL and DLL testing||Includes calibration aspects.|
U23-D01F|Current|(1997-    )|Modifications and improvements to loop characteristics||These codes are used with other U23-D01 codes as appropriate.|
U23-D01F1|Current|(1997-    )|Lock acquisition time reduction||See also U23-D01A7A.|In-lock, pull-in, track
U23-D01F3|Current|(1997-    )|False lock prevention||See also U23-D01A5.|
U23-D01F4|Current|(2007-    )|Phase error reduction||Includes static phase error. Jitter and phase noise are coded in U23-D01F5.|
U23-D01F5|Current|(1997-    )|Noise reduction||Arrangements specific to indirect frequency synthesisers where the improvement is not a function of loop performance itself, e.g. an improved reference oscillator or an output filter, are covered by U23-D01B5 instead, but both codes can be used together when appropriate.|
U23-D01F7|Current|(1997-    )|Broadening capture range|||
U23-D01F9|Current|(1997-    )|Modifications to PLLs - other|||
U23-D02|Current|(1987-    )|Other phase/frequency shift correction||Includes systems not relying solely on PLLs to correct phase or frequency, e.g. non-feedback frequency control of an oscillator based on sensed temperature, injection locking and use of atomic oscillators. (Time and frequency standards based on atomic oscillators are covered by S04-B02X and S04-C09). Prior to 2016 details of atomic oscillators themselves were chiefly assigned this code but from 2016 novel details of such oscillators, e.g. gas cells containing alkali metals, are covered by U23-A06.|
U23-E|Current||Oscillator starting and output control||U23-E codes are assigned for oscillator circuit control and for temperature compensation arrangements associated with the oscillator itself. The codes are not used for subsequent circuitry such as phase shifting, phase splitting or amplifying circuits. See U22-B codes for analogous arrangements for pulse generators. |
U23-E01|Current|(1992-    )|Output control|||
U23-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|AGC-based system||See U24-C01 codes also for automatic gain control circuits.|
U23-E05|Current|(1992-    )|Temperature compensation||Includes choice of components (e.g. complementary temperature-dependent characteristics), temperature-responsive 'trimming' of oscillator circuits, and 'oven' arrangements.|
U23-F|Current||Miscellaneous oscillation and noise generators|||
U23-F01|Retired|(1987-2004)|Direct frequency synthesisers*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 direct frequency synthesizers are covered by U23-F03 codes.|
U23-F01A|Current|(1997-    )|Memory aspects||From 200501 this code is no longer used. Memory aspects of direct frequency synthesisers is now covered in U23-F03A1.|
U23-F01C|Current|(1997-    )|Improving output signal purity||From 0501 this code is no longer used. Improving spectral purity of direct frequency synthesisers is now covered in U23-F03B5.|
U23-F02|Retired|(1987-2004)|Waveform generators using computer ROM and A-D/D-A converters*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 direct frequency synthesis and direct digital synthesis is covered by U23-F03 codes.|
U23-F03|Current|(2005-    )|Direct frequency synthesizers||From 200501, U23-F03 codes have been introduced to better reflect direct frequency synthesis and includes direct digital synthesis. Indirect frequency synthesis is coded in U23-D01B.|
U23-F03A|Current|(2005-    )|Novel synthesizer details|||
U23-F03A1|Current|(2005-    )|Memory aspect and look-up tables|||
U23-F03A3|Current|(2005-    )|Phase accumulators|||
U23-F03A5|Current|(2005-    )|D/A and A/D aspects|||
U23-F03A7|Current|(2005-    )|Analog circuitry|||
U23-F03A9|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
U23-F03B|Current|(2005-    )|Synthesizer performance|||
U23-F03B1|Current|(2005-    )|Improving frequency resolution|||
U23-F03B3|Current|(2005-    )|Increasing frequency transition||Includes improving hopping speed.|
U23-F03B5|Current|(2005-    )|Improve spectral purity|||
U23-F03B9|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
U23-F05|Current|(1997-    )|Noise generators|||Chaos, white noise
U23-F09|Current|(1997-    )|Oscillation generation - other|||
U23-G|Current||Amplitude modulation||See also U23-P codes for relevant additional details and W02-G01D for transmitter application.|Balanced modulator, DSB/SSB modulator, AM
U23-H|Current||Angle modulation||See also U23-P codes for relevant additional details and W02-G01D for transmitter application.|Phase/frequency modulator, reactance modulator, varactor, varicap, phase shifter, FM
U23-J|Current||Mixing; frequency changing||Radio receiver applications (general) are coded in W02-G03A5.|
U23-J01|Current|(1997-    )|Mixer||See also under applications, e.g. W02-G03A5 for radio receivers in general, W03-B01A5 for broadcast radio receivers, and W03-A01B5 for TV receiver tuners. For image-suppression mixers, search with W02-G03B4A.|
U23-J01A|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by active device|||
U23-J01A1|Current|(1997-    )|Diode|||
U23-J01A3|Current|(1997-    )|Bipolar transistor|||
U23-J01A5|Current|(1997-    )|Field effect transistor|||
U23-J01A5A|Current|(1997-    )|Jfet|||
U23-J01A5C|Current|(1997-    )|Mosfet|||
U23-J01A9|Current|(1997-    )|Implementation technology - other|||
U23-J01C|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by configuration|||
U23-J01C1|Current|(1997-    )|Single-ended|||
U23-J01C5|Current|(1997-    )|Balanced|||
U23-J01C5A|Current|(1997-    )|Single-balanced|||
U23-J01C5C|Current|(1997-    )|Double-balanced||For ring configurations, U23-J01C5E takes precedence.|DBM
U23-J01C5E|Current|(1997-    )|Ring||This code takes precedence over U23-J01C5C.|
U23-J01C5G|New|(2017-    )|Triple-balanced||Covers use of two double-balanced mixers driven in a push-pull configuration.|Doubly double balanced mixer, TBM
U23-J01C9|Current|(1997-    )|Configuration - other|||
U23-J01E|Current|(2002-    )|Integrated or film circuit implementation||This code is assigned with other U23-J01 codes as necessary, to indicate a self-contained mixer in integrated form. Specific novel constructional and manufacturing aspects of monolithic and film circuits are also assigned codes from classes U11-U14 as appropriate.|
U23-J05|Current|(1997-    )|Frequency changing|||
U23-J05A|Current|(1997-    )|Single conversion|||
U23-J05C|Current|(1997-    )|Double and multiple conversion||This code denotes two or more frequency conversions being performed.|
U23-K|Current||Amplitude demodulation||See also U23-P codes for relevant additional details and W02-G03E for (general) radio receiver applications. Signal rectifiers, e.g. for AGC purposes, are covered by U24-C03.|
U23-L|Current||Angle demodulation||See also U23-P codes for relevant additional details and W02-G03E for (general) radio receiver applications.|Frequency, phase, FM, discriminator, quadrature detector, limiter
U23-P|Current|(1987-    )|Modulation/demodulation, general||Codes in this section are used either alone, or with other U23 codes as appropriate. Additional codes may be assigned from section W for radio equipment applications.|
U23-P01|Current|(1987-    )|Digital modulation/demodulation||From 200501, the title of this code has been changed to better reflect its content. U23-P01 codes are chiefly used with W01-A09 codes for carrier systems data transmission.|
U23-P01A|Current|(2005-    )|Angle modulation|||
U23-P01A1|Current|(2005-    )|FSK|||FSK
U23-P01A3|Current|(2005-    )|PSK|||PSK, QPSK
U23-P01A5|Current|(2005-    )|MSK|||MSK
U23-P01A9|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
U23-P01C|Current|(2005-    )|Amplitude modulation|||
U23-P01C1|Current|(2005-    )|ASK|||ASK
U23-P01C9|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
U23-P01E|Current|(2005-    )|Hybrid modulation|||
U23-P01E1|Current|(2005-    )|QAM|||QAM
U23-P01E9|Current|(2005-    )|Other|||
U23-P01G|Current|(2005-    )|Multi-frequency code techniques|||
U23-P01J|Current|(2005-    )|Novel modulator/demodulator circuits|||
U23-P01J1|Current|(2005-    )|Modulator|||
U23-P01J3|Current|(2005-    )|Demodulator|||
U23-P01J3A|Current|(2005-    )|Coherent detection|||
U23-P02|Current|(1987-    )|Analogue circuit details||This code is used in conjunction with U13-B codes for significant integrated circuit aspects.|
U23-P03|Current|(1987-    )|Implementation using digital techniques||See T01-J codes for computer circuit aspects.|
U23-P04|Current|(1987-    )|Broader systems details||Covers circuit blocks used for signal processing, rather than 'internal' circuit details. For amplitude-locked loop demodulation applications, use with U24-C01G.|
U23-P05|Current|(1987-    )|Stereo, mixed AM/FM||See W02-E and W02-F06 codes also for stereophonic broadcasting. Decoders in TV and radio receivers are also coded in W03-A12B1 and W03-B02C3 codes respectively.|
U23-Q|Current|(1987-    )|Microwave and Hf circuits|U23-X|This code is intended to indicate construction and layout aspects of microwave circuits and is used in conjunction with other relevant U23 codes. Waveguide components per se (including microstrip) are covered by W02-A codes. Construction and layout of microwave amplifiers is covered by U24-G04M.|Microwave integrated circuit, MIC, stripline, resonator, cavity
U23-R|Current|(2006-    )|Testing/calibration||This code covers all testing/calibration aspects for U23 type circuits apart from PLL/DLL where U23-D01E and/or U23-D01D are applied. See also S01 codes.|
U23-R01|Current|(2006-    )|Testing|||
U23-R02|Current|(2006-    )|Calibration|||
U23-X|Current||Aspects of modulation/demodulation - other|||
U24|Current||Amplifiers and low power supplies||Heavy current equipment is in section X.|
U24-A|Retired|(1980-1986)|Semiconductor/valve amplifiers*||*This code is now discontinued. The codes U24-A01 to U24-A09 in this group remain valid for records prior to 1987.|
U24-A01|Retired|(1980-1986)|DC and low frequency amplifiers*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U24-A02|Retired|(1980-1986)|High frequency and wideband amplifiers*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U24-A03|Retired|(1980-1986)|Power and switching amplifiers*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U24-A04|Retired|(1980-1986)|Differential, operation, push-pull amplifiers; phase splitters*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U24-A05|Retired|(1980-1986)|Feedback arrangements; raising efficiency*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U24-A06|Retired|(1980-1986)|Modification reducing noise/internal impedance effects/temp. and supply voltage influence etc.*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U24-A09|Retired|(1980-1986)|Semiconductor/valve amplifiers (incl. protection circuitry, multi-channel amplifiers) - other*||*This code is now discontinued.|
U24-B|Retired|(1980-1991)|Parametric, magnetic and dielectric amplifiers, etc.*||*This code is now discontinued but remains valid for records prior to 1992. For parametric amplifiers see U24-G04E, dielectric amplifiers see U24-G04X, magnetic amplifiers see U24-E04.|
U24-C|Current||Gain control||Includes compression/expansion, AGC, muting, general signal rectifiers.|
U24-C01|Current||Automatic gain control|||AGC
U24-C01A|Current|(1987-    )|AGC amplifiers with analogue control|||
U24-C01B|Current|(1987-    )|AGC amplifiers with digital control|||
U24-C01C|Current|(1987-    )|Control signal derivation|||
U24-C01C1|Current|(1997-    )|Novel signal processing per se||Includes processing of derived control signal to achieve particular gain control characteristic.|
U24-C01C5|Current|(1997-    )|Taking other parameters into account||E.g. using ambient acoustic signal, signal produced from mechanical parameters such as vehicle or engine speed, etc.|In-car-entertainment, passenger compartment, microphone, volume
U24-C01G|Current|(1997-    )|Amplitude-locked loop||See U23 codes also for AM and FM demodulation applications.|ALL
U24-C02|Current||Companders; amplitude limiters|||
U24-C02A|Current|(1987-    )|Limiters|||Clipper circuit
U24-C02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Soft limiter|U24-C02||
U24-C02A5|Current|(1992-    )|DC limiting i.e. level clamp circuit||Video signal clamping circuits for TV receivers are coded in W03-A04C.|
U24-C02B|Current|(1987-    )|Companding, compression, expansion|||Emphasis, pre-emphasis, compressor, compander, expander, Dolby(r), Dolby-B(r)
U24-C03|Current|(1987-    )|General signal rectifiers||Covers rectifiers for control signal derivation. Amplitude demodulators in general are covered by U23-K.|
U24-C03A|Current|(1997-    )|Peak detector||See U21-B03 for sample-and-hold circuits.|
U24-C05|Current|(1987-    )|Manual control, combined gain/tone control, muting|U24-C09|See W03-C codes also for audio amplifier aspects.|
U24-C05A|Current|(1987-    )|Manual gain control||Also coded in W03-C03 for audio amplifiers.|Volume
U24-C05A1|Current|(1997-    )|Continuously variable|||Potentiometer
U24-C05A5|Current|(1997-    )|Stepped variation|||Ladder, resistor, network, switch, tap
U24-C05B|Current|(1987-    )|Digital control details, e.g. by computer||Includes e.g. computer circuit details.|
U24-C05C|Current|(1987-    )|Muting||Muting in radio receivers is covered by W02-G03B1.|
U24-C05D|Current|(1987-    )|Combined gain and tone control|||
U24-C09|Current||Gain control - other|||
U24-D|Current||Power converters||Includes normally low electronic power converters. High power converters are in X12-J and their controllers in X13-G03. Indeterminate power converters are in U24 and X12. Unregulated or unstabilised converters are in U24-D. Stabilisers or voltage regulators are in U24-E. Does not cover individual components e.g. capacitors, transformers even if specifically intended for converters.|
U24-D01|Current||General converter details|||
U24-D01A|Current||Generation of control voltages||See also U21-B01 and U21-B05 codes for electronic switching.|
U24-D01A1|Current|(1992-    )|For bipolar transistor|||
U24-D01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|For IGBTs|||
U24-D01A3|Current|(1992-    )|For FETs|||
U24-D01A7|Current|(1992-    )|For control of other devices|||
U24-D01A8|Current|(2007-    )|Multi-phase control||This code is applied in conjunction with other U24-D codes to highlight novel multi-phase control.|
U24-D01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by PWM||See U22-E codes for PWM in general.|
U24-D01B|Current|(1992-    )|Protection|U24-D01X|See also U24-F. For high power converters see|
U24-D01B1|Current|(2005-    )|Snubber circuits|||
U24-D01B1A|Current|(2005-    )|Passive||Includes the use of RLC elements and diodes.|
U24-D01B1C|Current|(2005-    )|Active||Includes the use of transistors, etc.|
U24-D01B1F|Current|(2005-    )|Dissipative||Includes arrangements for dumping excess switching energy into a resistor. May be used in conjunction with other U24-D01B1 codes.|
U24-D01B1H|Current|(2005-    )|Non-dissipative||Includes arrangements for excess switching energy to be fed back or fed forward, respectively, to the input or output.|
U24-D01E|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing harmonics and ripples|U24-D01X|See U25-E codes for filters in general.|
U24-D01E1|Current|(2006-    )|Harmonics reduction|||
U24-D01E2|Current|(2006-    )|Ripple reduction|||
U24-D01E5|Current|(2014-    )|Reducing electromagnetic interference||This code covers measures to reduce electromagnetic interference generated by the converter itself, e.g. based on circuitry or on constructional details such as screening for which V04-U codes are also assigned. W02-H01 codes (general codes for EMI/RFI reduction at source) are also assigned as appropriate.|Electromagnetic compatibility, EM, EMC, filter, harmonic, PWM frequency, radio frequency interference, RF, SMPS, switched mode, switching frequency, switching regulator, switching transient
U24-D01G|Current|(1992-    )|General cooling details|U24-D01X|See also V04-T03 codes.|
U24-D01J|Current|(2005-    )|Measurements/testing/monitoring||Includes self-checking arrangements and also monitoring by external equipment. See S01 codes for related electrical instrumentation aspects.|
U24-D01K|Current|(2007-    )|Constructional details|||
U24-D01X|Current||General converter details - other||Includes converter details not covered elsewhere.|
U24-D02|Current||DC-DC converters|||
U24-D02A|Current||Without intermediate AC|||Charge pump
U24-D02A1|Current|(2005-    )|Charge pump|||
U24-D02A2|Current|(2005-    )|Chopper|||
U24-D02B|Current||With intermediate AC|||
U24-D02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Flyback; forward|||
U24-D02B3|Current|(1992-    )|Half-bridge or single-ended push-pull; push-pull|||SEPP
U24-D02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Full bridge|||
U24-D02B7|Current|(1992-    )|Resonant|||
U24-D03|Current||AC-AC converters|||
U24-D04|Current||AC-DC converter|||Rectifier
U24-D04A|Current|(1992-    )|Half-wave|||
U24-D04C|Current|(1992-    )|Full-wave|||
U24-D04C1|Current|(1992-    )|Bridge|||
U24-D04C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by diodes|||
U24-D04E|Current|(1992-    )|Voltage multiplier|||
U24-D04G|Current|(2002-    )|Synchronous rectifier||Includes rectifiers using active transistor switches.|
U24-D05|Current||DC-AC converter|||Inverter
U24-D05A|Current||Full- and half-bridge|||
U24-D05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by bipolar transistors|||
U24-D05A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by IGBTs|||
U24-D05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by FETs|||
U24-D05A5|Current|(2006-    )|Characterised by combination of bipolar/IGBTs/FETs|||
U24-D05A9|Current|(1992-    )|Inverters - other||Includes inverters characterised by type of switch not covered elsewhere.|
U24-D05B|Current|(2005-    )|Inverter-type||To be used in conjunction with other inverter codes such as U24-D05A.|
U24-D05B1|Current|(2005-    )|Voltage source inverter|||
U24-D05B2|Current|(2005-    )|Current source inverter|||
U24-D05B3|Current|(2005-    )|Utility inter-tie inverter||Includes inverters fed by solar/wind power/etc generators for connecting to a mains/utility supply. For high power inverters, see X12-J codes.|
U24-D06|Current|(2005-    )|Pulse voltage supply||See X12-J06 for high power pulse supply. See U22-A03 also for energy-storage pulse generation.|
U24-D09|Current||Power converters - other||Includes other converters not covered elsewhere e.g. dynamic types.|
U24-D10|Current|(2007-    )|Bidirectional converter||This code is used in conjunction with other codes to indicate a bidirectional novelty.|
U24-D11|Current|(2007-    )|Multiple input/outputs||This code is used in conjunction with other codes to indicate multiple input/outputs aspects. Caters for, for example, converters that output voltages of different magnitudes.|
U24-D12|Current|(2007-    )|Intelligent power supply||Includes power supplies characterised by having a microcontroller for providing programmable features. The latter include the ability to adaptively respond to external conditions, adaptive current limit for different phases of the PSU operation, programmable output voltage, supervisory features, fault recovery, status information provision for remote diagnostics, etc. See also relevant T01-J08 codes.|
U24-E|Current||Regulating power/current/voltage|||
U24-E01|Current||Non-feedback systems||Includes e.g. Zener diode.|
U24-E01A|Current|(2005-    )|AC variable|||
U24-E01C|Current|(2005-    )|DC variable|||
U24-E01C1|Current|(2005-    )|Zener diode-based|||
U24-E01C5|Current|(2005-    )|Current mirror circuits||Includes current sinking/sourcing configurations for the regulating transistor to connect a load to the ground/DC power supply terminal.|
U24-E01C7|Current|(2005-    )|Band gap reference circuits||Includes, generally, regulators using the difference between base-emitter voltages of two bipolar transistors operating at different current densities. For voltage reference circuits using feedback, see U24-E02B7.|
U24-E02|Current||Feedback systems|||
U24-E02A|Current||For AC|||
U24-E02B|Current||For DC|||
U24-E02B1|Current||With overload protection|||
U24-E02B1A|Current|(1992-    )|With overload protection and series dissipative transistor|U24-E02B3||
U24-E02B2|Current||With transistor|||
U24-E02B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Switching regulator or switched mode power supply|U24-E02B4||SMPS
U24-E02B2D|Current|(1992-    )|Dissipative regulators|U24-E02B6||
U24-E02B3|Retired|(1983-1991)|With overload protection and series dissipative transistor*||*This code is now discontinued and was formerly a subdivision of U24-E02B1. From 1992 this subject matter is transferred to U24-E02B1A to indicate its proper hierarchical relationship to U24-E02B1. It remains valid and searchable for documents from 1983 to 1991.|
U24-E02B4|Retired|(1983-1991)|Switching regulators*||*This code is now discontinued and was formerly a subdivision of U24-E02B2. From 1992 this subject matter is transferred to U24-E02B2A to indicate its proper hierarchical relationship to U24-E02B2. It remains valid and searchable for documents from 1983 to 1991.|
U24-E02B6|Retired|(1983-1991)|Dissipative regulators*||*This code is now discontinued and was formerly a subdivision of U24-E02B2). From 1992 this subject matter is transferred to U24-E02B2D to indicate its proper hierarchical relationship to U24-E02B2. It remains valid and searchable for documents from 1983 to 1991.|
U24-E02B7|Current|(2006-    )|Voltage reference circuit||Includes circuit using feedback. For non-feedback voltage reference circuits, see U24-E01C7.|
U24-E02B9|Current||DC regulators - other||Includes other DC feedback systems to control power/current/voltage.|
U24-E02C|Current|(1987-    )|Regulation for AC or DC variable|||
U24-E02D|Current|(1987-    )|Regulation of electric power|||
U24-E02D1|Current|(1987-    )|Maximum energy transfer from generator||Includes e.g. solar cell circuits.|
U24-E02D1A|Current|(1997-    )|Solar power system and associated converter interconnection with commercial utility system|U24-E02D1|Generally includes inverter control (see also U24-D codes) to enable max. power transfer. See also|
U24-E02D2|Current|(1987-    )|Regulating power factor||Capacitor banks for power factor correction in heavy current systems are in X12-H01A.|
U24-E03|Current|(1987-    )|Regulating electric variables using input deviation detection|||Phase/firing angle, phase-switching, fire, zero-crossing detector, trigger
U24-E03A|Current|(1987-    )|Ac input with thyristors or triacs|||
U24-E03B|Current|(1987-    )|Ac input with transistors, FETs|||
U24-E03X|Current|(1987-    )|Regulating electric variables using input deviation detection - other||Includes other electric variables regulation.|
U24-E04|Current|(1987-    )|Regulating magnetic variables|U24-X|Includes magnetic amplifiers using e.g. transductors.|
U24-F|Current|(1983-    )|Protective circuits|U24-X|Protection for heavy current systems is covered by X13-C codes.|
U24-F01|Current|(1983-    )|For automatic disconnection|U24-X|This code covers protection arrangements for low-power electrical and electronic circuits involving disconnection which may be capable of being reset or may be non-resettable, e.g. based on fuses. Novel details of fuses themselves are not included and are covered by X13-D01 codes.|
U24-F02|Current|(1983-    )|Limiting excess current/voltage|U24-X||Surge protection
U24-F03|Retired|(1997-2016)|Smart protectors*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2017 this subject matter is covered by U24-F05, i.e. as digital protectors. U24-F03 remains valid and searchable for records between 1997 and 2016 when it covered smart protectors using microprocessors and the like. See also U13-E01 for IC protectors and relevant T01-J08 codes for microprocessor control.|
U24-F04|Current|(1997-    )|Solid-state (analogue) protectors|||
U24-F05|Old|(1997-2016)|Digital protectors|||
U24-F05|Current|(2017-    )|Digital protectors||From 2017 the scope of this code is expanded to cover all low-power circuit protection devices which rely on digital circuitry and devices to detect fault conditions and initiate protective measures, including smart protectors which prior to 2017 were covered by U24-F03.|ADC, analog-to-digital converter, digital relay, digital protective relay, logic, microprocessor, neural network, numerical relay, smart circuit protector, software
U24-F06|Current|(2002-    )|Electrostatic protection|||
U24-F07|Current|(2002-    )|Thermal protection|||
U24-G|Current|(1987-    )|Semiconductor/valve and other amplifiers||Codes in this section are divided into categories of circuit application (U24-G01 codes), circuit type and configuration (U24-G02 codes), circuit modifications (U24-G03 codes) and implementation technology (U24-G04 codes). In general, codes from the U24-G01,-G02 and -G04 sections are assigned to describe general aspects of the amplifier, novel features being chiefly represented by U24-G03 codes. From 199201, subject matter previously covered by U24-B has been incorporated in this section.|
U24-G01|Current|(1987-    )|Circuit applications|||
U24-G01A|Current|(1987-    )|Instrumentation servo, sensor opto-receiver|U24-A0||
U24-G01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Instrumentation||Instrumentation in general is covered in section S.|
U24-G01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Opto-receiver amplifiers||Covers amplifiers with e.g. photodiode, phototransistor at input. See also codes for application, e.g. W02-C04A3B for optical communication receiving amplifier.|
U24-G01B|Current|(1987-    )|Power|U24-A03||
U24-G01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Low frequency||Also coded in W03-C01C when used as an audio power amplifier.|
U24-G01B5|Current|(1987-    )|High frequency||Also coded in W02-G01B when used as transmitter power amplifier. See U24-G04M for microwave amplifier constructional aspects.|HF, RF, microwave, millimetre, wave
U24-G01C|Current|(1987-    )|Audio and general low frequency||See W03-C codes also for non-power audio amplifiers, e.g. W03-C01A for audio preamplifiers.|
U24-G01D|Current|(1987-    )|High frequency||Covers HF/RF signal amplifiers for video and radio equipment. See also under application, e.g. W02-G03A3 for radio receiver RF amplifiers. See U24-G04M for microwave amplifier constructional aspects.|
U24-G01F|Current|(1992-    )|Logarithmic amplifier||Compression in general is covered by U24-C02B. Circuit modifications to introduce deliberate nonlinearity are covered by U24-G03K.|
U24-G01X|Current|(1987-    )|Amplifier application - other|||
U24-G02|Current|(1987-    )|Circuit type and configuration|||
U24-G02A|Current|(1987-    )|Differential amplifier, current mirror, operational amplifier|U24-A04||
U24-G02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Differential amplifier||From 2002, U24-G02A1C is assigned for amplifiers with both differential input and output, and takes precedence over the other two subdivisions of U24-G02A1.|
U24-G02A1A|Current|(2002-    )|Differential input|||
U24-G02A1B|Current|(2002-    )|Differential output|||
U24-G02A1C|Current|(2002-    )|Differential input and output||This code takes precedence over U24-G02A1A and U24-G02A1B.|
U24-G02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Current mirror|||
U24-G02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Operational amplifier|||
U24-G02A5A|Current|(1997-    )|Transconductance amplifier|||OTA
U24-G02A5C|Current|(1997-    )|Current mode operation||Covers amplifier with predominately current-based feedback.|
U24-G02A7|Current|(1992-    )|Follower circuit e.g. emitter follower|||
U24-G02B|Current|(1987-    )|Switched capacitor||This code covers switched-capacitor amplifier technology, and includes any amplifier circuit using this technique. Circuits of this type using 'off-the-shelf' (i.e. not novel) operational amplifiers, used as a functional block or 'black box', are covered by U24-G04C1, which is assigned as well as U24-G02B when necessary. Switched capacitor filters and switched capacitor networks in general are covered by U25 codes.|
U24-G02C|Current|(1987-    )|Push-pull, phase splitters|||
U24-G02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Phase splitter circuits||This code is used for novel phase splitting circuits of general application.|Transformer, transistor
U24-G02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Push-pull amplifier|||
U24-G02D|Current|(1987-    )|DC coupled|||
U24-G02E|Current|(1987-    )|Switching amplifier||From 200501, the title of this code has changed to better reflect its content. This code covers switching amplifier arrangements or as they are more commonly known Class D amplifiers. Digital Amplifiers and Class E amplifiers are also covered here. See U22-E codes for pulse modulation in general, U21-B codes for electronic switching in general and U24-G01 codes and W03-C codes for audio applications.|Digital Amplifier, Class D, Class E, PWM, Switching Amplifier
U24-G02F|Current|(1987-    )|Gated, two-way, cascade, cascode, bridge, and combination amplifiers|||
U24-G02F1|Current|(1992-    )|Gated amplifier||Amplifier muting in general is covered by U24-C05C.|
U24-G02F2|Current|(1992-    )|Multichannel amplifier|||
U24-G02F3|Current|(1992-    )|Bidirectional amplifier|||Two-way
U24-G02F4|Current|(1992-    )|Bridge amplifier|||
U24-G02F5|Current|(1992-    )|Cascaded amplifier|||Multistage
U24-G02F7|Current|(1992-    )|Cascode amplifier|||
U24-G02X|Current|(1987-    )|Amplifier circuit configurations - other||Includes reflex amplifiers.|
U24-G03|Current|(1987-    )|Modifications and improvements to amplifiers|U24-A05, U24-A06||
U24-G03A|Current|(1987-    )|Negative feedback|||NFB
U24-G03B|Current|(1987-    )|Positive feedback, feedforward|||
U24-G03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Feedforward||See U24-G03D5 also when object is distortion reduction.|
U24-G03C|Current|(1987-    )|Protection|U24-A9|Overvoltage or overcurrent protection in general is covered by U24-F codes.|
U24-G03D|Current|(1987-    )|Noise/distortion reduction|||
U24-G03D1|Current|(1992-    )|Noise reduction||For application to radio receivers, see W02-G03B codes also.|
U24-G03D1A|Current|(2002-    )|Noise arising from amplifier components|||
U24-G03D1B|Current|(2002-    )|Reducing effect of external noise sources|||
U24-G03D3|Current|(2002-    )|Improvement in dynamic range|||
U24-G03D5|Current|(1992-    )|Distortion reduction, linearity improvement||For pre-distortion see U24-G03K and when relating to RF systems, W02-G04B codes also.|
U24-G03D5A|Current|(2002-    )|Harmonic distortion|||
U24-G03D5C|Current|(2002-    )|Intermodulation distortion|||
U24-G03D5X|Current|(2002-    )|Other distortion|||
U24-G03E|Current|(1987-    )|For integrated circuits||Inventions coded in U24-G03E codes deal with improvements to amplifiers where the integrated aspect is a significant factor, and are not normally coded in U13 unless structural aspects are involved. See U24-G04A codes for general integrated circuit implementation aspects of amplifiers.|
U24-G03E1|Current|(1992-    )|Measures improving performance||This code may be used with other U24-G03 codes depending on the nature of the improvement. Includes e.g. improvement in noise figure, slew rate, (see U24-G03D1 and U24-G03J respectively also) etc.|
U24-G03E5|Current|(1992-    )|Physical measures||This code is used to denote measures not involving changes to the circuit per se, but to physical characteristics, e.g. enabling reduction of chip area.|
U24-G03F|Current|(1992-    )|Offset reduction||For application to DC amplifiers search with U24-G02D.|
U24-G03G|Current|(1992-    )|Improving immunity to supply voltage change, novel biasing networks|||
U24-G03G1|Current|(1997-    )|Novel biasing networks|||
U24-G03H|Current|(1992-    )|Improving immunity to temperature change|||
U24-G03J|Current|(1992-    )|Extending bandwidth||Includes improvements to wideband performance, increasing slew rate, etc.|
U24-G03K|Current|(1992-    )|Deliberate nonlinearity introduction||For pre-distortion see U24-G03D5 and when relating to RF systems, W02-G04B codes also.|
U24-G03L|Current|(1992-    )|Measures to improve stability|||Bode, Nyquist, compensation, open, loop, closed loop, feedback
U24-G03N|Current|(1992-    )|Improving efficiency, reducing supply voltage|U24-G03X||
U24-G03N1|Current|(1997-    )|Improving efficiency||This code mainly relates to power amplifiers in which case U24-G01B codes are also applied.|Battery saving
U24-G03N5|Current|(1997-    )|Reducing supply voltage||Includes arrangements for enabling operation with reduced supply voltage, e.g. in battery-operated equipment.|Headroom, saturation, voltage swing, rail
U24-G03P|Current|(1997-    )|Improving CMRR, improving gain|U24-G03X||
U24-G03P1|Current|(1997-    )|Improving CMRR|U24-G03X|See U24-G02A5 codes for differential amplifier per se.|Common mode rejection ratio
U24-G03P5|Current|(1997-    )|Improving gain|U24-G03X||
U24-G03Q|Current|(1997-    )|Reducing dependence on device characteristics||This code may be used with U24-G03E and U24-G04 codes as appropriate.|
U24-G03R|Current|(1997-    )|Modifying input-output impedance|U24-G03X||
U24-G03X|Current|(1987-    )|Modifications and improvements to amplifiers - other|||
U24-G04|Current|(1987-    )|Amplifier implementation technology||These codes are applied whenever the implementation is specific to a single main type.|
U24-G04A|Current|(1987-    )|Integrated transistor circuits||Inventions assigned U24-G04A codes are not normally coded in U13 unless structural aspects are involved.|
U24-G04A1|Current|(1987-    )|Bipolar|||
U24-G04A2|Current|(1987-    )|Field effect transistor|||CMOS, FET, IGFET, JFET, MESFET, MISFET, MOS, MOSFET
U24-G04A3|Current|(1992-    )|Bipolar and FET combined|||
U24-G04B|Current|(1987-    )|Discrete transistor circuits|||
U24-G04B1|Current|(1987-    )|Bipolar|||
U24-G04B2|Current|(1987-    )|Field effect transistor|||CMOS, FET, IGFET, JFET, MESFET, MISFET, MOS, MOSFET
U24-G04B3|Current|(1987-    )|Bipolar and FET combined|||
U24-G04B9|Current|(1987-    )|Discrete semiconductor device implementation - other|||
U24-G04C|Current|(1987-    )|Amplifier modules using operational amplifiers||Includes circuits using general amplifier configurations as functional blocks. (Analogue computing elements are covered by T02-A04B codes).|
U24-G04C1|Current|(1987-    )|Switched capacitor amplifier using OPAMPs||This code covers the use of non-novel operational amplifiers in switched capacitor amplifier circuit configurations. All aspects of switched capacitor amplifiers are covered by U24-G02B (which is therefore assigned with this code). Switched capacitor networks in general are covered by U25-A01.|
U24-G04D|Current|(1987-    )|Valve||Includes klystron, travelling wave tube, etc. amplifiers. For tubes per se see V05-B and V05-C codes.|
U24-G04E|Current|(1992-    )|Parametric amplifier||Parametric amplifiers are generally coded in|
U24-G04M|Current|(1992-    )|Amplifiers using microwave or millimeter wave constructional techniques||From 2017 the title of this code has been changed to clarify its coverage of amplifiers whose operating frequency dictates the techniques used, e.g. distributed or transmission line amplifiers (also assigned U24-G02F5) and those employing distributed-constant elements such as waveguides, cavity resonators, and the like. Novel constructional details of amplifiers in general, such as PCB mountings, housings etc. are covered by U24-G05A which can be assigned with this code as necessary. Small-signal amplifiers of this kind are also assigned U24-G01D and RF power amplifiers are also assigned U24-G01B5. Distributed-constant elements such as waveguides, filters and resonators are covered by W02-A codes.|Dielectric resonator, directional coupler, finline, microstrip, probe, stripline
U24-G04X|Current|(1987-    )|Amplifier implementation technology - other|||
U24-G05|Current|(1997-    )|Constructional details and testing|||
U24-G05A|Current|(1997-    )|Constructional details of amplifiers||Includes cooling, housings, mounting details, etc. V04-S and V04-T codes for electronic equipment casings and constructional details in general are also assigned as necessary. Amplifiers using microwave or millimeter wave constructional techniques, e.g. microstrip or other types of waveguide, are covered by U24-G04M and are only assigned this code as well for novel constructional details of the amplifier as a whole.|Circuit board mounting, coolant, fan, heatsink, PCB mounting, pillar, rack mount, screening, shielding
U24-G05C|Current|(1997-    )|Testing||Includes amplifier calibration, self-testing and testing using external equipment. To denote testing of a specific amplifier property U24-G03 codes are also assigned as appropriate, e.g. U24-G03F and U24-G05C are assigned for measurement of amplifier offset voltage. For electrical tests S01 codes are also assigned as appropriate.|
U24-G09|Current|(1987-    )|Amplifier details - other|||
U24-H|Current|(1992-    )|Low power systems|U24-X|This code is analogous to X12-H.|
U24-H01|Current|(2005-    )|Protection||Includes arrangements to protect LV power networks. For example, vehicle 12V network protection. To be used with U24-F codes, as appropriate. For individual PSU protection, see U24-D01B/F. For high power networks, see X13-C codes.|
U24-H02|Current|(2005-    )|Non-contact power distribution||Includes low level power transfer by EM/inductive coupling, microwaves, etc. High power transfer is covered by X12-H codes. Novel inductive components are in V02.|
U24-H03|Current|(2005-    )|Arrangement of power bus(es) fed by multiple sources||Includes several PSUs supplying main bus, or several buses at same or different voltages, that feeds power to one or more loads. Covers, for example, switch control to distribute power where required.|
U24-H04|Current|(2005-    )|Power management techniques||Includes operation of a PSU to save/reduce battery energy dissipation and mains power. Operation measures may include switching off or operating in low power consumption mode, slowing of processor clock frequency, current/voltage control (for which U24-D/E codes are also assigned), to reduce power consumption. Changes to the operation of a PSU within portable equipment so as to reduce battery dissipation are covered by U24-K.|
U24-H05|Current|(2006-    )|Power distribution over communication network||Includes power supply distribution, and its control, over a communication network such as a LAN. See also W01-A06 codes.|POE, POWER OVER ETHERNET (RTM)
U24-H06|Current|(2006-    )|Low power network control|||
U24-H07|Current|(2006-    )|Vehicle LV distribution network||Includes systems for IC engine-driven vehicles for voltages up to 42V. HV electric traction vehicle distribution systems are covered by X12-H01B codes and X21/X23. Also includes low voltage electric distribution systems for vehicles (see also X21-B and X22-F codes).|
U24-J|Current|(1992-    )|Standby power supply|U24-X|Includes uninterruptible power supplies. See T01-L01B for computers, W01-A07K for data communications and W01-C07B for telephone systems.|
U24-J01|Current|(2005-    )|Battery back-up|||
U24-J02|Current|(2005-    )|Capacitor back-up|||
U24-J03|Current|(2005-    )|Power converter back-up|||
U24-J04|Current|(2005-    )|Combination of battery and capacitor back-up|||
U24-K|Current|(2005-    )|PSU power-saving mode/operation||This code covers operation of a power supply unit within portable equipment to reduce battery dissipation. Power management techniques with the emphasis on power distribution are covered by U24-H04.|
U24-L|Current|(2005-    )|Capacitor charging circuits||This is analogous to X16-G for battery chargers.|
U24-T|New|(2017-    )|Constructional details of low power supplies and power distribution systems||Includes construction details of all types of low power supply except power converters covered by U24-D01 codes (for which U24-D01K is available), and also covers constructional details of power distribution systems. This code is assigned in conjunction with other U24 'power' codes as necessary, and is intended to highlight mechanical or physical details, including cooling, of inventions in this field. V04 codes dealing with electronic equipment constructional details in general are also assigned as necessary.|Bracket, casing, circuit board mounting, fan, fixing, heatsink, housing, PCB, printed circuit board mounting, ventilation
U24-X|Current||Low power supply details - other|||
U25|Current||Impedance networks and tuning||This section includes mainly lumped-constant circuit elements. Impedance networks with distributed-constant elements are covered by W02-A codes. For application to radio equipment see W02 and W03 codes as appropriate. Digital implementations of filters and similar networks are NOT included here and are covered chiefly by U22-G codes and T01-J08 codes for computing aspects.|
U25-A|Current||Time delay and time-varying (incl. adaptive) networks|||
U25-A01|Current|(1983-    )|Switched capacitor networks; n-path filters|||
U25-A02|Current|(1983-    )|Transversal filters|||
U25-A03|Current|(1992-    )|Comb filters|||
U25-A05|Current|(1992-    )|Time delay circuits||Covers arrangements with emphasis on achieving a required time delay. Circuitry to produce a specific phase shift is covered in U25-F01 codes. Other delay aspects, e.g. for equalisation are covered in U25-E05Q.|
U25-B|Current||Electromechanical networks||This code covers networks of electromechanical devices, i.e. two or more resonators forming e.g. a lattice or ladder filter such as a bandpass filter or a duplexer for a radio transceiver (in which case W02-G02A5B is also assigned). Individual piezoelectric, electrostrictive and magnetostrictive devices are covered by V06-V codes and SAW devices by U14-G, and are not assigned U25-B unless specifically intended for use in a network made up of these devices. Also includes matching transformers (with V02-F02) and other components for electromechanical networks for which other codes are also assigned as appropriate. U25-D codes are also assigned as necessary, e.g. U25-D01 codes when a splitting function is performed, U25-D03 for a balun function, and U25-D05 for impedance matching aspects.|Crystal filter, ceramic filter, block filter
U25-C|Current||Active networks simulating reactances; impedance converters||This code covers circuits for simulating reactances, changing their sign (e.g. producing an inductive reactance from a capacitor) and changing their magnitude, such as a 'capacitor amplifier' or 'capacitor multiplier'.|Gyrator, negative/positive impedance converter, NIC, PIC
U25-D|Current||Signal splitting/combining, impedance matching, balanced-to-unbalanced network|||
U25-D01|Current|(1992-    )|Signal splitters and combiners||This code and its subdivisions cover active and passive networks for splitting and combining signals, generally without regard to frequency. Splitting and combining circuits based on electromechanical filters are assigned U25-B and U25-D01 codes as appropriate. Where splitting or combining networks involve use of frequency-selective elements such as filters implemented with coils and capacitors, U25-E05K is assigned (with other U25-E codes as appropriate) in preference to U25-D01 codes. Note that loudspeaker cross-over networks are not included in U25 unless also of wider application, being covered by W04-T05 and V06-V02S.|
U25-D01A|Current|(1997-    )|Active|||
U25-D01C|Current|(1997-    )|Passive|||Transformer
U25-D03|Current|(1992-    )|Balanced-to-unbalanced converters||Distributed-constant balanced-to-unbalanced converters are covered by W02-A02A5.|Balun
U25-D05|Current|(1992-    )|Impedance matching networks||Distributed-constant impedance matching is covered by W02-A02A5.|
U25-D07|Current|(1992-    )|Attenuators||Waveguide-technology attenuators are covered by W02-A04C codes.|Insertion loss
U25-D07A|Current|(1997-    )|Active|||PIN diode
U25-D07C|Current|(1997-    )|Passive|||
U25-E|Current||Frequency selective networks||Codes in this group are used for filters (excluding those covered by U25-A codes and U25-B) involving at least two types of elements, i.e. RC, RL, or LC networks. Thus individual components described as 'filters' or 'noise filters' in a power supply or other circuit are not included, unless intentionally using a secondary property such as series inductance of a capacitor, or stray capacitance of an inductor. Noise filters for RFI suppression are covered in general in W02-H01 codes and for power supply lines in W02-H03 and U24/X12 codes, whether single components or combinations. Where filter function is specified, codes from the U25-E05 section are used with either U25-E01 or U25-E02. Active networks other than filters are coded in the appropriate code elsewhere in U25. For digital filters see U22-G01 codes. Waveguide technology filters are covered by W02-A05 codes.|Filter, lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch
U25-E01|Current||Active|||
U25-E01A|Current|(1997-    )|Biquadratic filter|||Biquad
U25-E02|Current||Passive|||
U25-E02A|Current|(1997-    )|With structurally-associated components||Includes networks implemented with 'composite' components. See also V01-A02G5 and V01-B03C8 for composite resistor and capacitor aspects respectively, and V02-F01J for filter inductors.|
U25-E05|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by function and operation||From 2009 U25-E05K is introduced for frequency selective networks with emphasis on separation or combination of frequency bands and takes precedence over other U25-E05 codes.|
U25-E05A|Current|(1992-    )|Lowpass filter|||
U25-E05B|Current|(1992-    )|Bandpass filter|||
U25-E05B1|Current|(1997-    )|Single LC resonant circuit|||
U25-E05C|Current|(1992-    )|Highpass filter|||
U25-E05D|Current|(1992-    )|Notch filter||This code covers analog filters which attenuate a band of frequencies and pass those on either side.|Band stop filter
U25-E05H|Current|(1992-    )|Variable characteristic||This code is used with other U25-E05 codes or alone, as appropriate.|
U25-E05K|Current|(2009-    )|Combining or separating different frequencies||This code is intended for frequency selective networks, i.e. filters normally, where the emphasis is on separation or combination of frequency bands. Examples include duplexers for radio transceivers, for which W02-G02A5B is also assigned. Where there are significant novel aspects in specific filters making up the frequency separating or combining network other U25-E05 codes are also assigned as appropriate, but otherwise U25-E05K takes precedence. Combining and splitting networks (lumped constant type) in general are covered by U25-D01 codes which are also assigned along with U25-E05K as appropriate. Note that loudspeaker cross-over networks are not included being covered by W04-T05 and V06-V02S.|
U25-E05Q|Current|(2009-    )|Delay equalisation and all-pass networks||This code is intended for circuits in which emphasis is on delay equalization (and not amplitude equalization) and all-pass networks, in which all frequencies are passed, but the phase of the output is modified. Analogue circuits based on lumped constant impedances for correcting amplitude-frequency distortion are covered by U25-E05X but U25-E05Q takes precedence when delay equalisation is the main purpose.|
U25-E05X|Current|(1992-    )|Other filter network function||This code includes frequency-dependent circuits used for amplitude equalisation, e.g. to compensate for increasing attenuation in a circuit or transmission line with frequency. (W02-C01B2B is also assigned when the application is to equalization of transmission lines for communications purposes and W01-A08B2 when the emphasis is on pulse shaping for data transmission). Prior to 2009 U25-E05X was also used for circuits with emphasis on delay equalization, now covered by U25-E05Q which takes precedence over this code when both amplitude and delay equalization are involved. Analogue time delay networks are covered by U25-A05. See U25-F01 codes for networks with emphasis on achieving a particular phase shift. From 2009 frequency selective networks (i.e. filters normally) with emphasis on the separation or combining of frequency bands are no longer coded here and are covered by U25-E05K.|
U25-F|Current||Tone or bandwidth control; other impedance networks (incl. phase shifters)|||
U25-F01|Current|(1992-    )|Phase shift networks||Covers arrangements to produce a particular phase shift, e.g. at a single frequency. Time delay networks are covered by U25-A05 and delay equalisation networks by U25-E05X.|
U25-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Variable phase shifter|||
U25-F05|Current|(1992-    )|Bandwidth control||See W03-C05 codes also for audio amplifier tone control circuits.|
U25-F05A|Current|(1992-    )|Automatically varied or switched|||
U25-F05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Continuous variation|||
U25-F05A5|Current|(1992-    )|Switched bandwidth|||
U25-F05C|Current|(1992-    )|Manual control|||
U25-F05C1|Current|(1992-    )|Continuously variable|||
U25-F05C5|Current|(1992-    )|Switched bandwidth|||
U25-F09|Current|(1992-    )|Other impedance networks|||
U25-G|Current||Continuous tuning||Includes tracking adjustment.|
U25-G01|Current|(1992-    )|Mechanically varied||Covers tuning by conventional variable capacitor or inductor, either manually or by motor drive. For capacitors and inductors per se see V01-B and V02 codes, e.g. V02-F01.|MEMS actuator, permeability
U25-G03|Current|(1992-    )|Electrically varied||Includes use of varactor diodes, saturable core inductors, etc.|Varicap, reactance circuit, Miller
U25-H|Current||Discontinuous tuning; band selection|||Step, preset, pushbutton, select
U25-H01|Current|(1992-    )|Bandswitching||Includes electromechanical and electronic methods and circuits for switching tuning range. (Step tuning within a frequency band is covered by U25-H03).|
U25-H03|Current|(1992-    )|Step tuning e.g. by synthesiser||See U23-D01B codes for details of PLL synthesisers and U23-F03 codes for direct types. (Switching between frequency bands is covered by U25-H01).|
U25-H03A|Current|(1992-    )|With channel memory|||
U25-J|Current||Automatic band scanning; automatic frequency control|||Lock, AFC
U25-J01|Current|(1992-    )|Bandscanning||Bandscanning arrangements for spectrum analysers/panoramic receivers are coded in S01-D03C1 also, and in W02, e.g. W02-C05 and W02-G03A codes.|Sweep, scan
U25-J01A|Current|(1992-    )|Using synthesiser tuning||See U23-D01B codes for details of PLL synthesisers per se and U23-F03 codes for direct types.|
U25-J01A1|Current|(1992-    )|With channel memory|||Preset, select, priority channel
U25-J01C|Current|(1992-    )|Stopping on detected station|||
U25-J05|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic frequency control||See U23-D codes for frequency/phase control circuits, and under application, e.g. W03-A02A for AFC in TV receivers, W03-B01B for broadcast radio receivers respectively.|AFT, automatic fine tuning
U25-K|Current||Other tuning||Includes testing and production trimming of tuned circuits and filters, either manually or automatically. (See S01-G08 codes also, together with appropriate code in e.g. W02 or W03). This code also includes remotely-controlled tuning per se. For wider aspects of remote control see W03-A02C, W03-G05A and W04-E04A codes for remote control of TV receivers, audio/video equipment, and recording equipment respectively. (Remote control in general is covered by W05-D codes).|Tuning scale, dial, drive, drum, pointer, illumination, test, align, set-up
V01|Current||Resistors and capacitors||This section deals with resistors and capacitors usable as discrete components, so that components forming part of an integrated circuit are not included. Similarly, thick and thin film circuits are not included and are covered by U14-H codes. Power resistors and capacitors are covered by X12-A and X12-B codes respectively.|
V01-A|Current||Resistors|||
V01-A01|Current||Mounting, housing, coding; terminals|||Marking, colour coding, lead, wire
V01-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate details||Includes composition, structure etc.|Baseplate, ceramic
V01-A01B|Current|(1992-    )|Housing, encapsulation, mountings|||Casing
V01-A01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Encapsulation||Includes compositions.|
V01-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes and terminals|||
V01-A01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes|||Film, end cap, contact
V01-A01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Terminals||Includes lead arrangements.|Wire, axial, tag, pad
V01-A01D|Current|(1992-    )|Coding, marking|||Colour code, value, tolerance
V01-A01X|Current|(1992-    )|Other mounting, housing, coding; terminals||Includes shielding and cooling arrangements (for low-power resistors only).|
V01-A02|Current||Fixed resistors|||
V01-A02A|Current||Thermistors||For temperature measurement application see V01-A02A7A and S03-B01F also. This code is intended for resistors using e.g. oxides of transition metals, and not linear TCR devices based on metallic conductors, for which S03-B01B is assigned, (although novel details of such resistances are assigned other V01 codes when appropriate).|Temp, coefficient resistance, PTC, NTC, circuit protector, cold conductor
V01-A02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Novel thermistor composition|||
V01-A02A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Manufacture of thermistor material||This code covers the manufacture of material for use in thermistors and does not relate to manufacture of thermistors per se, which is covered by V01-A04 codes (especially V01-A04K1).|
V01-A02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by temperature dependence|||TCR, resistance, coefficient
V01-A02A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Negative temperature coefficient|||NTC
V01-A02A5B|Current|(1992-    )|Positive temperature coefficient|||PTC
V01-A02A7|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by intended function|||
V01-A02A7A|Current|(1992-    )|Measurement of temperature per se||Temperature measurement using thermistors is also coded in S03-B01F.|Thermometer, sensor
V01-A02A7B|Current|(1992-    )|Current limiting||Includes use as cold conductor.|Circuit protector
V01-A02A7C|Current|(1992-    )|Time-dependent current control||Includes use of heating to gradually decrease or increase current, e.g. for degaussing CRT, (see W03-A08A4C also) or for motor starting (see V06-N05 also).|Decay, decrease, time delay, demagnetising
V01-A02A7D|Current|(1992-    )|For self-regulating heating||See X25-B01 codes also.|Self heater
V01-A02A7X|Current|(1992-    )|Thermistor function - other|||
V01-A02B|Current||Voltage dependent resistors||Includes current-responsive resistors.|Nonlinear resistor, varistor, VDR, protection, zinc oxide, sintered
V01-A02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Novel varistor composition|||
V01-A02B1A|Current|(1997-    )|Manufacture of varistor material||This code covers the manufacture of material for use in varistors and does not relate to manufacture of varistors per se, which is covered by V01-A04 codes (especially V01-A04K2).|
V01-A02C|Current||Film resistors||Note - resistors forming part of a film or integrated circuit are not coded in V01- see appropriate codes in section U, e.g. U11-C05G1A for mfr., U12-C03 for resistors per se, and U14-H01C for film circuit resistors.|Thick film, thin film, layer resistor
V01-A02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Novel film resistor composition||See U11-A05 also for film compositions.|
V01-A02C3|Current|(1992-    )|Film structure||Covers film structures for discrete resistor components only.|
V01-A02C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Thin film|||
V01-A02C3C|Current|(1992-    )|Thick film|||
V01-A02D|Current|(1987-    )|Chip resistor|||Leadless, surface mounting
V01-A02F|Current|(1992-    )|Wire-wound resistor|V01-A02X||
V01-A02G|Current|(1992-    )|Composite resistor|V01-A02X|Includes resistors structurally associated with other discrete components.|Multiple
V01-A02G1|Current|(1992-    )|With other resistive components|V01-A02X|Includes resistor array.|
V01-A02G5|Current|(1992-    )|With other non-resistive components|V01-A02X|Includes RL and RLC elements.|RC, CR, capacitor, inductor, coil
V01-A02H|Current|(1992-    )|Temperature compensation|V01-A02X|Resistors with deliberately manufactured positive or negative temperature coefficient are covered by V01-A02A codes.|
V01-A02X|Current||Other fixed resistors||Includes low-power liquid resistors. Power types are coded in X12-A only.|
V01-A03|Current||Variable resistors||Codes in this section include variable resistors as preset or manual controls, and also resistive transducers in which physical movement is involved. For other types see V01-A02 codes.|Linear, rotary, potentiometer, dual, ganged, winding, track, shaft, spindle
V01-A03A|Current|(1992-    )|Housing, casing, mounting kit|V01-A01, V01-A03|From 199201 housing and mounting details of variable resistors are coded in V01-A03 codes only.|
V01-A03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Variable resistor housing|V01-A01, V01-A03||
V01-A03A5|Current|(1992-    )|Mounting details for variable resistors|V01-A01, V01-A03||Bushing, nut, washer, bracket
V01-A03B|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes, terminals, slider|V01-A01, V01-A03||
V01-A03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes and terminals|V01-A01, V01-A03|Covers end-of-track electrodes. Slider/wiper is covered by V01-A03B5.|
V01-A03B5|Current|(1992-    )|Slider, contact brush|V01-A01, V01-A03||
V01-A03C|Current|(1992-    )|Novel resistance element details||Includes compositions. Codes in this section are applied to indicate novel aspects only. V01-A03D codes are used for general aspects (not necessarily novel).|
V01-A03C1|Current|(1992-    )|Film track|||
V01-A03C3|Current|(1992-    )|Wire track||Includes wirewound variable resistors. Power variable resistors are covered by X12-A.|
V01-A03C5|Current|(1992-    )|Linear track||Covers shape of track only. Arrangements to achieve a particular control law are covered by V01-A03C8. For general details of slide-type potentiometers, see V01-A03D6.|
V01-A03C7|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary track||For general details of rotary potentiometers, see V01-A03D5.|
V01-A03C7A|Current|(1992-    )|Helical||Includes track having shape of short section of helix.|
V01-A03C8|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by resistance law or characteristic|||Linear, logarithmic
V01-A03C9|Current|(1992-    )|Novel resistance element details - other||Includes other resistive component configurations, such as switched resistance network, and use of magnetoresistors and movable permanent magnet. (Magnetoresistors per se are not covered in V01 - see U12-B01B codes and S02-K03A5A for transducing aspects, these codes also being assigned for this type of 'potentiometer').|
V01-A03D|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type of adjustment||Codes in this section are applied irrespective of claimed novelty to indicate the type of device/adjustment only, either in combination with novel aspect codes, or alone.|
V01-A03D1|Current|(1992-    )|Manual e.g. front panel control|||Volume, gain, tone, adjust, set
V01-A03D2|Current|(1992-    )|Semi-variable||Covers preset control, adjusted for e.g. setting-up.|Trimmer, test
V01-A03D3|Current|(1992-    )|Measurement transducer||Covers component with variation of resistance value by physical movement, including force, compression, etc. Variation of resistance due to physical parameter other than movement is covered by V01-A02 codes.|
V01-A03D4|Current|(1992-    )|Surface mounting variable resistor|||Chip, leadless
V01-A03D5|Current|(1992-    )|Rotational adjustment|||Rotary
V01-A03D5A|Current|(1992-    )|With more than 360 degree rotation||Includes helical potentiometer.|
V01-A03D6|Current|(1992-    )|Linear||Includes slide-type potentiometer.|Audio, mixing, fade, balance, graphic equaliser
V01-A03F|Current|(1992-    )|Control knob, actuator mechanism||Includes mechanical drive arrangement for e.g. joystick (see T04-F02B3 also).|Gear, proportional, two-dimensional, X-Y
V01-A03X|Current|(1992-    )|Variable resistors - other|||
V01-A04|Current||Manufacturing resistors||Includes single and multiple-step resistor manufacturing methods and equipment, and testing of manufactured resistors.|
V01-A04A|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate processing||Includes firing, sintering, etc.|
V01-A04B|Current|(1992-    )|Coating||Covers deposition of resistive material.|Sputtering, vapour, flame spraying
V01-A04C|Current|(1992-    )|Treating deposited layer||Use V01-A04E also for heat treatment.|
V01-A04D|Current|(1992-    )|Encapsulation|||
V01-A04E|Current|(1992-    )|Firing, heat treatment||Includes sintering, etc.|
V01-A04F|Current|(1992-    )|Attaching leads, manufacturing electrodes|||
V01-A04G|Current|(1992-    )|Multistep manufacturing process and novel manufacturing equipment|||
V01-A04G1|Current|(1997-    )|Multistep manufacturing process||This code is used when a sequence of manufacturing steps is claimed without apparent emphasis on any one aspect.|
V01-A04G5|Current|(1997-    )|Novel manufacturing equipment||Use with other V01-A04 codes as appropriate.|
V01-A04H|Current|(1992-    )|Testing, sorting, trimming, marking|||
V01-A04H1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing and sorting resistors||See S01-D05B1 and S01-G12A for electrical testing of resistors.|
V01-A04H3|Current|(1992-    )|Trimming resistor value||See X24-D03B for laser trimming apparatus.|
V01-A04H5|Current|(1992-    )|Marking resistors|||
V01-A04J|Current|(1992-    )|Tape carriers, packing||Includes 'bandolier' tape carriers per se (see V04-V01A also), loading finished resistors onto tapes, shipping containers, etc.|
V01-A04K|Current|(1992-    )|Resistor type||Codes in this section are used to indicate the type of resistor being manufactured only. V01-A04K codes are not used if a manufactured resistor is also claimed resulting in the assignment of a V01-A02 or V01-A03 code.|
V01-A04K1|Current|(1992-    )|Thermistor||Manufacture of thermistor material is not covered here - see V01-A02A1A.|
V01-A04K2|Current|(1992-    )|Varistor||Manufacture of varistor material is not covered here - see V01-A02B1A.|
V01-A04K3|Current|(1992-    )|Film resistor|||
V01-A04K4|Current|(1992-    )|Chip resistor|||
V01-A04K5|Current|(1992-    )|Wirewound resistor|||
V01-A04K6|Current|(1992-    )|Variable resistor|||Potentiometer
V01-A04K9|Current|(1992-    )|Resistor type - other|||
V01-A04R|Current|(2005-    )|Resistor manufacture process waste disposal and recycling|V01-A04X||
V01-A04R1|Current|(2005-    )|Waste treatment and disposal||Includes all aspects of waste disposal and waste treatment equipment to make the waste safe in the environment.|
V01-A04R2|Current|(2005-    )|Materials treatment and recycling||Includes all aspects of recovery of materials, solutions, and the like for reuse in resistor manufacture.|
V01-A04X|Current|(1992-    )|Resistor manufacturing details - other|||
V01-B|Current||Capacitors||This code is assigned alone or with V01-B01A4 codes describing composition or manufacture of materials. For power capacitors X12-B is also assigned.|
V01-B01|Current||Electrolytic devices|||
V01-B01A|Current||Electrodes|||Lead, terminal wire, anode, tag, lug
V01-B01A1|Current|(1983-    )|Sintered||This code is assigned alone or with V01-B01A4 codes describing composition or manufacture of materials.|Tantalum, solid powder, oxide, alloy, anodised
V01-B01A3|Current|(2006-    )|Double-layer and supercapacitor electrodes||This code is assigned alone or with V01-B01A4 codes describing composition or manufacture of materials. For all other aspects of double-layer and supercapacitors V01-B01D codes are assigned with other V01-B codes as appropriate. Manufacture of these capacitor types is covered by V01-B01G8D and other V01-B01G codes as appropriate.|
V01-B01A4|Current|(2006-    )|Novel electrode materials composition and materials manufacture||These codes are normally assigned with V01-B01A1 or V01-B01A3 as appropriate. For details relating to foil electrodes, see V01-B01A5 codes.|
V01-B01A4A|Current|(2006-    )|Novel electrode materials composition|||
V01-B01A4C|Current|(2006-    )|Manufacture of electrode materials||This code is intended to cover manufacture of materials to be subsequently used as an electrolytic capacitor electrode, and does not include manufacture or treatment of electrode materials forming part of a process for mfg the capacitor itself, which is covered by V01-B01G1.|
V01-B01A5|Current|(1983-    )|Foil|||Aluminium, etched, wound
V01-B01A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Foil manufacture||Manufacture and preparation of foil other than as a step in a complete process for making a capacitor is coded here, otherwise see V01-B01G1.|
V01-B01A5C|Current|(1992-    )|Foil composition|||
V01-B01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Terminals and lead arrangements|||Wire, axial
V01-B01B|Old|(1980-2005)|Electrolytes; separators; containers||From 2006 the scope of this code has been expanded to allow electrolyte compositions and electrolyte manufacture to be separately highlighted, and where neither of these aspects are novel, the solid or liquid / paste nature of the electrolyte to be indicated (to define the overall capacitor type) by means of V01-B01B6 codes.|Encapsulation, mounting
V01-B01B|Current|(2006-    )|Electrolytes and electrolyte manufacture; separators; containers||From 2006 the scope of this code has been expanded to allow electrolyte compositions and electrolyte manufacture to be separately highlighted, and where neither of these aspects are novel, the solid or liquid/paste nature of the electrolyte to be indicated (to define the overall capacitor type) by means of V01-B01B6 codes.|Encapsulation, mounting
V01-B01B1|Old|(1983-2005)|Solid electrolytes||This code has been subdivided to allow novel electrolyte compositions and electrolyte manufacture to be separately highlighted, these codes taking precedence over V01-B01B6A which is assigned to characterise the capacitor by the solid nature of its electrolyte only.|Tetra cyano di-quino methane (TCNQ), complex
V01-B01B1|Current|(2006-    )|Novel details of solid electrolytes||From 2006, this code has been subdivided to allow novel solid electrolyte compositions (V01-B01B1A) and electrolyte manufacture (V01-B01B1C) to be separately highlighted. The two new codes take precedence over V01-B01B6A which is assigned to indicate that the capacitor is characterised by having a solid (non-novel) electrolyte.|Tetra cyano di-quino methane (TCNQ), complex
V01-B01B1A|Current|(2006-    )|Solid electrolyte composition and materials||Novel details of solid electrolyte composition, and/or materials used in the preparation/manufacture of the solid electrolyte.|
V01-B01B1C|Current|(2006-    )|Solid electrolyte and material manufacturing aspects||This code covers the manufacture of materials destined to be used as a solid electrolyte. Manufacture of the capacitor itself is covered by V01-B01G8A and other V01-B01G codes as appropriate.|
V01-B01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Separators|||
V01-B01B5|Old|(1983-2005)|Liquid/paste electrolytes||This code has been subdivided to allow novel electrolyte compositions and electrolyte manufacture to be separately highlighted, these codes taking precedence over V01-B01B6C which is assigned to characterise the capacitor by the liquid or paste nature of its electrolyte only.|Aqueous, solvent, ethylene glycol, carboxylic acid, boric acid
V01-B01B5|Current|(2006-    )|Novel details of liquid or paste electrolytes||From 2006, this code has been subdivided to allow novel liquid or paste electrolyte compositions (V01-B01B5A) and electrolyte manufacture (V01-B01B5C) to be separately highlighted. The two new codes take precedence over V01-B01B6C which is assigned to indicate that the capacitor is characterised by having a liquid or paste (non-novel) electrolyte.|Aqueous, solvent, ethylene glycol, carboxylic acid, boric acid
V01-B01B5A|Current|(2006-    )|Liquid or paste electrolyte compositions and materials||Novel details of liquid or paste electrolyte composition and/or materials used for the preparation/manufacture of the liquid/paste electrolyte.|
V01-B01B5C|Current|(2006-    )|Liquid or paste electrolyte manufacture||This code covers the manufacture of materials destined to be used as a liquid or paste electrolyte. Manufacture of the capacitor itself is covered by V01-B01G8B and other V01-B01G codes as appropriate, e.g. forming aspects in V01-B01G7A.|
V01-B01B6|Current|(2006-    )|Electrolytic capacitor characterised by electrolyte type||These codes are assigned to indicate the physical state of electrolyte only, and are not assigned when novel aspects of electrolyte composition or manufacture can be highlighted by V01-B01B1 or V01-B01B5 codes. For inventions concerned solely with capacitor manufacture V01-B01B6 codes are not assigned and V01-B01G8 codes are applied instead. In cases where novelty exists in both the capacitor and its manufacture V01-B01B6 codes take precedence.|
V01-B01B6A|Current|(2006-    )|Solid electrolyte capacitor||This code is assigned just to indicate that a capacitor has a solid electrolyte, which is not itself novel. If the solid electrolyte is novel in some way, V01-B01B6A is not used and V01-B01B1 codes are used instead.|
V01-B01B6C|Current|(2006-    )|Liquid or paste electrolyte capacitor||This code is assigned just to indicate that a capacitor has a liquid or paste electrolyte, which is not itself novel. If the liquid or paste electrolyte is novel in some way, V01-B01B6C is not used and V01-B01B5 codes are used instead.|
V01-B01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Housings, seals, mounting|||
V01-B01B7A|Current|(1992-    )|With pressure-relieving vent||See V01-B01F5 also for pressure relief also causing electrical disconnection.|Blowout, plug
V01-B01B7C|Current|(1992-    )|Mounting kit|||Clamp, bracket, lead-spacer, base
V01-B01B7D|Current|(1992-    )|Housing for several capacitors|||Multiple capacitor
V01-B01C|Current|(1983-    )|Devices other than capacitors|||Electrolytic transducer, photosensitive device, acceleration sensor, electrokinetic cell
V01-B01D|Current|(1987-    )|Double-layer capacitor||See X16-L02 also for energy-storage using capacitors, and T01-H01/T01-L01 codes for computer memory module and power supply systems.|Memory back-up
V01-B01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Stack of cells|||
V01-B01D5|Current|(2002-    )|Super-capacitor|V01-B01D, V01-B01X|See T01-H01/T01-L01 codes for computer memory module and power supply systems, e.g. memory back-up; and for high power applications e.g. electric/hybrid vehicles, see X12-B, and X21-B codes.|Ultracapacitor, electrochemical double layer
V01-B01E|Current|(1992-    )|Leadless electrolytic capacitor|||Surface mounting, chip
V01-B01F|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical protective arrangements|V01-B01X|Excess pressure venting is covered by V01-B01B7A.|
V01-B01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Involving fuse protection|V01-B01X||
V01-B01F5|Current|(1992-    )|Involving mechanical disconnection|V01-B01X|Use with V01-B01B7A for end cap movement rupturing leads.|
V01-B01G|Current|(1992-    )|Electrolytic capacitor manufacture||See V01-B04 codes for manufacture of non-electrolytic capacitors.|
V01-B01G1|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode manufacture||Includes sintering. Covers treatment of foil to form electrodes, but not manufacture of foil per se which is covered in V01-B01A5A.|Etching, degreasing, anodising
V01-B01G3|Current|(1992-    )|Winding, laminating, dielectric impregnation|||
V01-B01G5|Current|(1992-    )|Assembly||Includes manufacture of leads and external electrodes. Attachment of manufactured leads and external electrodes is covered by V01-B01G5C. Production of internal electrodes is covered by V01-B01G1.|
V01-B01G5A|Current|(1992-    )|Encapsulation|||
V01-B01G5C|Current|(1992-    )|Attaching leads||This code covers the attachment of leads and external electrodes only. Manufacture of leads and external electrodes is covered by V01-B01G5.|
V01-B01G6|Current|(1992-    )|Multistep manufacturing process and novel manufacturing equipment||Includes waste treatment and recovery processes.|
V01-B01G6A|Current|(1997-    )|Multi-step manufacturing process||This code is used for processes involving a sequence of steps without emphasis on any particular one.|
V01-B01G6C|Current|(1997-    )|Novel manufacturing equipment||Use with other B01G codes as appropriate.|
V01-B01G6E|Current|(2005-    )|Process waste management|V01-B01G6|This code includes all aspects of treatment of waste and contaminants arising from electrolytic capacitor manufacture, including making safe, waste classification, and separation aspects. Recycling of materials to be reused in the manufacturing process is covered by V01-B01G6G. Prior to 2005 coded in V01-B01G6.|
V01-B01G6F|Retired|(2005-2007)|Waste handling and disposal*|V01-B01G6|*This code is now discontinued. From 2008 all aspects of handling, making safe, and disposal of waste from electrolytic capacitor manufacture are now covered by V01-B01G6E.|
V01-B01G6G|Current|(2005-    )|Materials recycling|V01-B01G6|Includes treatment and recycling, handling equipment and environmental protection and safety equipment aspects for electrolytic capacitor manufacture. Prior to 2005 coded in V01-B01G6. See V04-X01C for other electronics components recycling.|
V01-B01G7|Current|(1992-    )|Forming, testing, ageing, packing|||
V01-B01G7A|Current|(1992-    )|Forming, ageing|||
V01-B01G7C|Current|(1992-    )|Testing||Measurement of capacitance value in general is coded in S01-D05A3, and general electrical testing of capacitors in S01-G12C.|
V01-B01G7E|Current|(1997-    )|Packing|V01-B01G|Includes tape carriers.|
V01-B01G8|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type of capacitor||Codes in this section are applied irrespective of claimed novelty to indicate the type of capacitor only. These codes are not used if a manufactured capacitor is also claimed, for which the appropriate V01-B01 code will be assigned.|
V01-B01G8A|Current|(1992-    )|Solid dielectric|||
V01-B01G8B|Current|(1992-    )|Liquid/paste dielectric|||
V01-B01G8D|Current|(1992-    )|Double layer capacitor|||
V01-B01G8E|Current|(1992-    )|Leadless capacitor|||
V01-B01G8X|Current|(1992-    )|Capacitor type - other|||
V01-B01X|Current||Electrolytic devices - other|||
V01-B02|Current||Variable capacitors||Capacitive transducers for physical quantities are coded in V01-B02A, where motion of plates or dielectric is involved, otherwise in V01-B02B. For tuning of resonant circuits see U25 codes.|
V01-B02A|Current||Mechanically varied|||Tuning capacitor, double, differential, ganged, dielectric, shaft, spindle, preset, trimmer
V01-B02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode details|||
V01-B02A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Rotor, moving electrode|||
V01-B02A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Stator|||
V01-B02A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Terminals, external connections|||
V01-B02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Dielectric details|||
V01-B02A4|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate, housing, mounting kit|||Mount, screw, nut, bushing
V01-B02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type of capacitor||Codes in this section are applied irrespective of claimed novelty to indicate the type of capacitor only.|
V01-B02A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Variable during normal operation||Includes e.g. tuning capacitor operated manually or by motor drive.|Tune, resonate, peak
V01-B02A5B|Current|(1992-    )|Pre-set/semi-variable||Includes e.g. trimmer capacitor.|Tune, resonate, peak
V01-B02A5C|Current|(1992-    )|Transducer||Covers transducer where physical movement of plates and/or dielectric is involved. Non-mechanically varied types are coded in V01-B02B3. See also appropriate code in S02 or S03 for the parameter being measured and, in general, S02-K03A1C.|
V01-B02A5E|Current|(1992-    )|Surface-mounted variable capacitor|||Chip, leadless
V01-B02A5F|Current|(1992-    )|Multi-section variable capacitor||Covers ganged types.|
V01-B02B|Current||Non-mechanically varied capacitors|||
V01-B02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Varicap diodes||See also U12-C02B. Covers discrete component embodiments only (or where integrated circuit aspect not specified). Prior to 199201 coded in U12 only.|Varactor, depletion layer, reverse bias, voltage-tuned
V01-B02B3|Current|(1992-    )|Transducer||Covers capacitors changing value in response to physical variable where movement is not involved. Types involving movement of plates or dielectric are covered by V01-B02A5C. See also appropriate code in S02 or S03, and in general, S02-K03A1.|
V01-B02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Electrets||Includes devices in non-circuit application, e.g. as air filter.|
V01-B02B9|Current|(1992-    )|Non-mechanically varied capacitors - other||Includes ferroelectric capacitors.|
V01-B03|Current||Fixed capacitors||See X12-E also for dielectric compositions. Search dielectric codes with V01-B03E1 for self-healing aspects. Capacitors with mixed, i.e. inorganic and organic dielectrics, are assigned V01-B03A5.|
V01-B03A|Current||With inorganic dielectric||From 199201 see V01-B03A1 to distinguish novel capacitor from novel dielectric compositions.|Ceramic, perovskite, metal-oxide, green sheet
V01-B03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Novel dielectric composition||See X12-E01 codes also, e.g. X12-E01A for ceramic compositions.|
V01-B03A3|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of dielectric material||Covers manufacture of dielectric per se other than as part of capacitor manufacture, which is covered by V01-B04 codes.|
V01-B03A5|Current|(2005-    )|Hybrid dielectric (organic-inorganic) polymer material||Includes all compositions of hybrid dielectric material regardless of percentage of organic/inorganic materials ratio in the composite. See V01-B03A1 and V01-B03B1 for new dielectric compositions.|
V01-B03B|Current||With organic dielectric|||Plastics, polymer, film, paper, impregnated
V01-B03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Novel dielectric composition||See also X12-E02 codes, e.g. X12-E02B for synthetic polymer materials.|
V01-B03B3|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of dielectric material||Covers manufacture of dielectric per se other than as part of capacitor manufacture, which is covered by V01-B04 codes.|
V01-B03C|Current||Characterised by structure||Codes in this section are applied to indicate the structure of the capacitor only and do not necessarily represent novel features.|
V01-B03C1|Current|(1983-    )|Wound|||
V01-B03C3|Current|(1983-    )|Flat plate|||
V01-B03C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Multilayer capacitor||Includes stacked types.|Laminated, layer-built, chip, co-fire
V01-B03C5|Current|(1983-    )|Leadless|||Chip, surface mounting
V01-B03C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Film capacitor||Covers discrete components only.|
V01-B03C7|Current|(1987-    )|Feedthrough capacitor||Use with V01-B03C8 for feedthrough-type LC filter. See W02-H codes for noise suppression at source in general.|
V01-B03C8|Current|(1992-    )|Composite capacitor|V01-B03X|Covers capacitor structurally associated with other component such as RC, LC, or multiple capacitor. For feedthrough type capacitor filter use with V01-B03C7 also.|
V01-B03D|Current||Electrodes; housings; terminals|||Marking, colour coding, lead wire, tag, lug, can, casing, foil
V01-B03D1|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes||This code is intended for internal electrodes e.g. in the case of a multilayer capacitor. External electrodes, i.e. terminals if a leadless type, are covered by V01-B03D5.|
V01-B03D1A|Current|(1992-    )|Film|||Metallisation, sputtered layer
V01-B03D1C|Current|(1992-    )|Foil|||
V01-B03D1E|Current|(1992-    )|Novel shape or configuration|||
V01-B03D1G|Current|(1992-    )|Novel composition|||
V01-B03D3|Current|(1992-    )|Housing, encapsulation||Includes markings, e.g. of component value.|
V01-B03D3A|Current|(1992-    )|Pressure relieving arrangement||See V01-B03E5 for electric protection arrangements.|
V01-B03D5|Current|(1992-    )|Lead and terminal arrangements||This code is intended for external electrodes such as terminals of a chip-type laminated capacitor. Internal electrodes are covered by V01-B03D1 codes.|
V01-B03D7|Current|(1992-    )|Mounting kit|||
V01-B03E|Current|(1992-    )|Protection and self-healing capacitors|||
V01-B03E1|Current|(1992-    )|Self-healing dielectric type||See V01-B03A/B codes as appropriate for dielectric details.|
V01-B03E5|Current|(1992-    )|Fuse or other electrical disconnection||See V01-B03D3A for pressure-relief arrangements.|
V01-B03H|Current|(1997-    )|Temperature compensation|V01-B03X|Use with V01-B03A or V01-B03B codes as appropriate.|
V01-B03X|Current||Fixed capacitors - other|||
V01-B04|Current||Manufacturing capacitors||Includes testing of manufactured capacitor. See V01-B01G codes for electrolytic capacitor manufacture.|
V01-B04A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by capacitor type||(As defined by V01-B03C codes). Codes in this section are assigned to indicate capacitor type only. They are not used if the manufactured capacitor itself is also claimed, in which case the appropriate V01-B codes for the capacitor per se will also be applied.|
V01-B04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Wound capacitor|||
V01-B04A3|Current|(1992-    )|Flat capacitor|||
V01-B04A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Single layer|||
V01-B04A3C|Current|(1992-    )|Multi-layer|||
V01-B04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Chip capacitor|||
V01-B04A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Film capacitor|||
V01-B04A6|Current|(1992-    )|Variable capacitors|||
V01-B04A7|Current|(1992-    )|Feedthrough capacitor|||
V01-B04A8|Current|(1992-    )|Composite capacitor|||
V01-B04A9|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of other capacitor types|||
V01-B04B|Current|(1992-    )|Capacitor manufacturing process|||
V01-B04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Treatment of dielectric|||
V01-B04B3|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture and application of electrodes||This code relates to manufacture of internal electrodes only. Manufacture of external electrodes is covered by V01-B04B5.|Sputtering, metallising, etching, cutting
V01-B04B5|Current|(1992-    )|Assembly processes||Includes winding, laminating, pressing, impregnating, etc., and also manufacture of external electrodes. Production of internal electrodes is covered by V01-B04B3.|
V01-B04B7|Current|(1992-    )|Heat treatment, firing, drying|||Co-fire
V01-B04B8|Current|(1992-    )|Multistep manufacturing processes and novel mfg. equipment||Includes waste treatment and recovery processes.|
V01-B04B8A|Current|(1997-    )|Multi-step manufacturing process|||
V01-B04B8C|Current|(1997-    )|Novel manufacturing equipment||Use with other V01-B04 codes as appropriate.|
V01-B04B8E|Current|(2005-    )|Process waste treatment|V01-B04X|This code includes all aspects of treatment of waste and contaminants arising from dielectric (i.e. non-electrolytic) capacitor manufacture, including making safe, waste classification, and separation aspects. Recycling of materials to be reused in the manufacturing process is covered by V01-B04B8G. Prior to 2005 these topics were covered in V01-B04X.|
V01-B04B8F|Retired|(2005-2007)|Waste handling and disposal*|V01-B04X|*This code is now discontinued and from 2008 all aspects of handling, making safe, and disposal of waste from capacitor manufacture are now covered by V01-B04B8E.|
V01-B04B8G|Current|(2005-    )|Materials recycling|V01-B04X|This code covers treatment and recycling of materials, chemicals and the like for reuse in dielectric (i.e. non-electrolytic) capacitor manufacture. Prior to 2005 these topics were covered in V01-B04X. See V04-X01C for other electronics components recycling.|
V01-B04B9|Current|(1992-    )|Capacitor manufacturing processes - other|||
V01-B04C|Current|(1992-    )|Testing, sorting, trimming, marking|||
V01-B04C1|Current|(1997-    )|Testing and sorting capacitors||See S01-D05A3 and S01-G12C also for electrical tests on capacitors.|
V01-B04C3|Current|(1997-    )|Trimming capacitor value||See X24-D03B for laser trimming apparatus.|
V01-B04C5|Current|(1997-    )|Marking capacitors|||
V01-B04E|Current|(1992-    )|Tape carriers, packing, shipping||Includes 'bandolier' tape carrier per se (see V04-V01A also), loading finished capacitors onto tape, packaging cartons, etc.|
V01-B04X|Current|(1992-    )|Capacitor manufacturing aspects - other|||
V02|Current||Inductors and transformers||For power transformers and reactors, see X12-C codes. Inductors/transformers implemented as IC devices are not included; see U11/U12 codes. Printed coils are, however, included here and in V04. See T03-A codes for details of recording media and heads.|
V02-A|Current||Magnetic materials||From 2007, V02-A01 codes are only applied for magnetic materials of general application. Therefore, V02 codes are no longer routinely assigned for magnetic recording media and heads with the exception of nanostructures, which are coded in V02-B04. See T03-A codes for specific details of recording media and heads.|
V02-A01|Current||Hard magnetic materials|||
V02-A01A|Current||Metals or alloy|||Iron, boron, cobalt, ferromagnetic, neodymium, nickel, rare earth metals
V02-A01A1|Current|(1987-    )|For permanent magnet|||
V02-A01A2|Retired|(1987-2006)|For magnetic recording medium*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A codes from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V02-A01A8|Current|(2006-    )|Novel hard magnetic metals or alloys|||Composition
V02-A01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of hard magnetic metals or alloys||Includes methods and systems for manufacturing the magnetic composition per se. Other manufacturing details, e.g. magnetic laminations' manufacture, core manufacture, magnet manufacture, etc., are covered by V02-H codes.|
V02-A01B|Current||Non-metallic substances|||Oxide, ferrite, ferric oxides, metal hydroxide
V02-A01B1|Current|(1987-    )|For permanent magnet|||
V02-A01B2|Retired|(1987-2006)|For magnetic recording medium*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A codes from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V02-A01B8|Current|(2006-    )|Novel hard magnetic non-metallic materials|||Composition
V02-A01B9|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of hard magnetic non-metallic materials||Includes methods and systems for manufacturing the magnetic composition per se. Other manufacturing details, e.g. magnetic laminations' manufacture, core manufacture, magnet manufacture, etc., are covered by V02-H codes.|
V02-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Mixtures|V02-A01A, V02-A01B|Includes mixtures of metallic and non-metallic magnetic substances.|
V02-A02|Current||Soft magnetic materials|||
V02-A02A|Current||Metals or alloys|||Iron, silicon steel, boron, cobalt, nickel, aluminium, chromium, ferromagnetic
V02-A02A1|Retired|(1987-2006)|For magnetic head*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A codes from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V02-A02A2|Current|(1987-    )|For electric machine and reactor core|||
V02-A02A8|Current|(2006-    )|Novel soft magnetic metals or alloys|||Composition
V02-A02A9|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of soft magnetic metals or alloys||Includes methods and systems for manufacturing the magnetic composition per se. Other manufacturing details, e.g. magnetic laminations' manufacture, core manufacture, magnet manufacture, etc., are covered by V02-H codes.|
V02-A02B|Current|(1987-    )|Non-metallic substances|||Ferrites, metal oxide
V02-A02B1|Retired|(1987-2006)|For magnetic head*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A codes from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V02-A02B2|Current|(1987-    )|For electric machine and reactor core|||
V02-A02B8|Current|(2006-    )|Novel soft magnetic non-metallic materials|||Composition
V02-A02B9|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of soft magnetic non-metallic materials||Includes methods and systems for manufacturing the magnetic composition per se. Other manufacturing details, e.g. magnetic laminations' manufacture, core manufacture, magnet manufacture, etc., are covered by V02-H codes.|
V02-A02C|Current|(1992-    )|Mixtures|V02-A02A, V02-A02B|Includes mixtures of metallic and non-metallic magnetic substances.|
V02-A03|Current|(1997-    )|Organic or organo-metallic materials|V02-A01, V02-A02|Used together with V02-A01 and V02-A02 codes to denote coercivity, if indicated.|
V02-A04|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic liquids|V02-A02A|Used together with V02-A01 and V02-A02 codes to denote coercivity, if indicated.|Ferrofluid
V02-A05|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic semiconductor materials|V02-A01, V02-A02|Used together with V02-A01 and V02-A02 codes to denote coercivity, if indicated. See also U11-A.|CdCr2S4, galvano-magnetic
V02-A09|Current|(2002-    )|Binders and other additives for magnetic materials||Includes binders/additives for both hard and soft materials. This code will be used in conjunction with the magnetic materials' codes.|
V02-A10|Current|(2005-    )|Nanomaterials and their manufacture||Used in conjunction with hard/soft, metal/non-metallic substances.|
V02-A10A|Current|(2005-    )|Novel materials|||
V02-A10C|Current|(2005-    )|Manufacture|||
V02-B|Old|(    -2006)|Thin magnetic films||Magnetic films for recording, though included here, are covered comprehensively by T03-A codes.|
V02-B|Current|(2007-    )|Thin magnetic films||Prior to 2007, magnetic film details of thin film heads were coded under V02-B03, which has now been discontinued. From 2007, thin film heads are coded only under T03 codes (T03-A03E). However, nanostructures of thin film heads are still coded under V02-B04.|
V02-B01|Retired|(1987-2006)|For recording medium*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A01 codes from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes magnetic films, per se, for tapes, discs or drums. SeeT03-A01 codes for record carrier details e.g. binders, bases, backing layers.|Magnetic media, photomagnetic/magneto-optical film
V02-B02|Current|(1987-    )|For bubble memory||See also U14-A01A1 codes.|
V02-B03|Retired|(1992-2006)|Thin film heads*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A03 codes from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. See also W04-B codes if audio/video application is intended. Manufacture of thin film heads is covered by T03-A04 codes.|
V02-B04|Current|(2005-    )|Nanostructures||Includes nanostructures of thin film heads. Other details of thin film heads are only coded under T03-A03E codes. Manufacturing details of nanostructures are coded under V02-H02G.|
V02-C|Current||Cores, yokes and armatures||For general cases only. For particular application see V02-E, V02-F and V02-G. For high power devices see X12-C.|Magnetic circuits, laminates
V02-D|Current||Coils (including connections); (de)magnetising||Includes general coils where an application is not clear. Coils designed for communication or HF applications are coded under V02-F codes (e.g. HF coils are coded under V02-F03B), and coils for power supplies or other uses are coded under V02-G codes. For high power coils, see X12-C codes.|Degaussing
V02-E|Current||Magnets||High strength magnets and superconducting electromagnets are, respectively, in X12-C06 and X12-C05A.|
V02-E01|Current||Permanent magnets|||Rare earth magnets
V02-E02|Current||Electromagnets|||Solenoids, operating circuit, coils, cores, energising circuit
V02-E02A|Current||With armature|||
V02-E02A1|Current|(1987-    )|For electromagnetic valve||See also X25-L for EM valves and X22 for automotive application.|Fuel injection valves, EM-brake, EM-gear, EM-clutch
V02-E02A2|Current|(1987-    )|For relay, or printer hammer||See also V03-D and T04-G codes.|
V02-E02A3|Current|(2002-    )|Linear actuator|||
V02-E02A4|Current|(2002-    )|Rotary actuator|||Rotary solenoid
V02-E02X|Current||Without armature|||
V02-E02X1|Current|(1992-    )|Using superconducting coils|||
V02-E02X2|Current|(2006-    )|Shim coil||Includes small current-carrying coils that generate the auxiliary magnetic fields for improving the homogeneity of a main field e.g. in an MRI equipment (see also S01-E01 and S03-E07 codes).|
V02-F|Current||Inductive components for communications or Hf||Inductive components used in applications other than communication or HF applications are coded under V02-G codes. General coils where an application is not clear are coded under V02-D.|
V02-F01|Current||Inductances||Includes coils for telecommunications and radio equipment (see also W01 and W02). Constructional details are in V02-F03.|Chokes, HF inductor, antenna coils, radio tuning coils
V02-F01A|Current|(1987-    )|For CRT beam deflection||See also V05-D and W03-A codes for TV deflection.|Vertical-, horizontal- deflection coils
V02-F01D|Current|(1992-    )|Variable|||
V02-F01G|Current|(1992-    )|Gradient coil||Also see S01-E02, S03-E07 and S05-D02 codes, respectively, for magnetic properties sensor, MRI/NMR equipment and medical use.|
V02-F01G1|Current|(2006-    )|Gradient coil|||
V02-F01G2|Current|(2006-    )|HF coil||Includes receiver/transmitter antenna coil for detecting an NMR/MRI signal.|Bird cage-, resonator-, saddle-, surface-coils
V02-F01J|Current|(1992-    )|Filter coils||See W02-H and U25-E01 codes also.|
V02-F01L|Current|(1992-    )|Chip inductor|||
V02-F01N|Current|(1992-    )|Flat coils|||
V02-F01N1|Current|(1992-    )|Printed circuit coils||See also V04-Q04 and V04-R codes, respectively, for printed circuits and their manufacture.|
V02-F01P|Current|(2005-    )|Inductive connector||For HF use. See V02-G01D for power supply inductive connector.|
V02-F02|Current||Transformers||Includes pulse, audio and broad-band transformers. Constructional details are in V02-F03.|
V02-F02A|Current|(1987-    )|For TV||See also W03-A codes.|Flyback transformers, television line output transformers
V02-F02D|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary transformer||See also T03-A05D3A, W04-B03B1 codes for helical scan head positioning.|
V02-F02G|Current|(1992-    )|Variable|||
V02-F03|Current||Construction details||Includes constructional details of signal and HF transformers and coils. Used in conjunction with the type of coil or transformer, e.g. V02-F02D. Manufacturing details are coded by V02-H codes.|
V02-F03A|Current|(1997-    )|Casings, mounting, cooling, magnetic cores|V02-F01, V02-F02, V02-F03||
V02-F03A1|Current|(1997-    )|Cooling|V02-F03||
V02-F03A2|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic cores|V02-F01, V02-F02||Laminates
V02-F03A3|Current|(2005-    )|Cases|||Housing
V02-F03B|Current|(1997-    )|Windings|V02-F01, V02-F02||Bobbins, connections, leads, coils
V02-F03B1|Current|(1997-    )|Insulating|V02-F01, V02-F02||
V02-F03C|Current|(1997-    )|Control||Includes current collector sliding or rolling on, or along, winding.|
V02-F03C1|Current|(1997-    )|Using tappings on coil or winding|||
V02-F03C2|Current|(1997-    )|Using movable core, coil or winding, or shield|||
V02-F03D|Current|(2005-    )|Shielding|V02-F03X|Includes screens, shields, etc.|
V02-F03X|Current|(1997-    )|Hf transformer/inductor constructional details - other||Includes terminals, circuits for changing electrical characteristics e.g. flux linkage by driving device magnetic circuit into saturation, etc.|Temperature sensors
V02-F05|Retired|(1992-2006)|Magnetic recording heads*|V02-C, V02-D, V02-E02X|*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A03 codes from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V02-G|Current||Inductive components for power supplies or other uses||Includes inductive components used in applications other than communication or HF applications. Inductive components used in communications or HF applications are coded under V02-F codes. General coils where an application is not clear are coded under V02-D. High power components are coded in X12-C.|
V02-G01|Current||Transformers, reactors, choke coils||Includes vehicle ignition coil (see also X22-A01A).|
V02-G01A|Current|(1983-    )|Power transformers|||Power supply
V02-G01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Variable|||
V02-G01A2|Current|(1997-    )|Non-linear||Includes transformer, e.g. ferro-resonant, for frequency changing or waveshape changing.|
V02-G01B|Current|(1983-    )|Instrument transformers||Includes current-, voltage-transformers (also in S01-D01D1A), linear variable displacement transducers (LVDT).|Measurement transformers
V02-G01C|Current|(1983-    )|Reactors, choke coils|||Lamp ballasts
V02-G01C1|Current|(1987-    )|Variable|||
V02-G01D|Current|(1997-    )|Inductive connector|V02-G01|For power supply use. See V02-F01P for HF inductive connector.|Inductive coupling
V02-G01E|Current|(2002-    )|Inductive sensor||Includes non-transformer type current/voltage/other sensors.|Voltage-, current-sensor, inductive probe
V02-G01F|Current|(2005-    )|Heating inductor||Low power induction heating coils are included here with high power ones covered by X12-C codes. For general high or low power induction heating, see X25-B02A codes, and X27-C06 for induction cookers.|
V02-G02|Current||Constructional details||Manufacturing details are coded by V02-H codes.|
V02-G02A|Current||Casings, mounting, cooling, magnetic cores|||
V02-G02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Cooling|||
V02-G02A2|Current|(1987-    )|Magnetic cores|||Laminates
V02-G02A3|Current|(2005-    )|Cases|||Housing
V02-G02B|Current||Windings|||Bobbins, connections, leads, coils
V02-G02B1|Current|(1987-    )|Insulating|||
V02-G02C|Current|(1987-    )|Control|V02-G02B|Includes current collector sliding or rolling on or along winding.|
V02-G02C1|Current|(1987-    )|Using tappings on coil or winding|V02-G02B||
V02-G02C2|Current|(1987-    )|Using movable core, coil winding or shield|V02-G02B, V02-G02X||
V02-G02D|Current|(2005-    )|Shielding|V02-G02X|Includes screens, shields, etc.|
V02-G02X|Current||Power supply transformer/inductor constructional details - other||Includes terminals, circuit for changing electric characteristics e.g. flux linkage by driving device magnetic circuit into saturation, etc.|Temperature sensors
V02-H|Current||Manufacture||Includes apparatus, methods and testing. Manufacture of recording media and magnetic heads is not coded under V02 anymore, but only under T03-A codes.|
V02-H01|Current||Coil manufacture||Includes winding, insulating, connecting leads.|
V02-H01A|Current|(1987-    )|For reactor, choke coil|||
V02-H01B|Current|(1987-    )|For transformer|||
V02-H01C|Current|(2002-    )|For electromagnet|||
V02-H01C1|Current|(2002-    )|For EM relay||See also V03-D06B.|
V02-H01C2|Current|(2002-    )|For EM valve||See also X25-L01A.|
V02-H01C3|Current|(2002-    )|For printer||See also T04-G codes.|
V02-H01C9|Current|(2002-    )|Electromagnet coil manufacture for other devices|||
V02-H01X|Current|(2002-    )|Coil manufacture for other devices|||
V02-H02|Current|(1983-    )|Applying magnetic films to substrate|V02-H09|Manufacture of recording media is not coded under V02 anymore, but only under T03-A02 codes.|
V02-H02A|Current|(1987-    )|Vacuum evaporation|||
V02-H02B|Current|(1987-    )|Sputtering|||
V02-H02C|Current|(1987-    )|Electroless and electrolytic plating|||
V02-H02D|Current|(2002-    )|Plasma processing|||
V02-H02E|Retired|(2005-2006)|Magnetic head*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A04 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V02-H02F|Retired|(2005-2006)|Magnetic medium*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A02 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V02-H02G|Current|(2005-    )|Nanostructures manufacture||Non-manufacturing details of nanostructures are covered by V02-B04.|
V02-H03|Old|(1987-2007)|Core manufacture|V02-H09|Also includes the rest of the magnetic circuit e.g. yoke, armature. For magnetic head, see V02-H05, and T03-A04 codes.|Annealing, laminating
V02-H03|Current|(2008-    )|Core manufacture|V02-H09|Also includes the rest of the magnetic circuit e.g. yoke, armature. From 2007, manufacture of magnetic heads is not coded under V02 anymore, but only under T03-A04 codes.|Annealing, laminating
V02-H03A|Current|(1987-    )|For transformer|V02-H09||
V02-H03C|Current|(2002-    )|For electromagnet|||
V02-H03C1|Current|(2002-    )|For EM relay||See also V03-D06B.|
V02-H03C2|Current|(2002-    )|For EM valve||See also X25-L01A.|
V02-H03C3|Current|(2002-    )|For printer||See also T04-G codes.|
V02-H03C9|Current|(2002-    )|For electromagnet core of other devices|||
V02-H03E|Current|(2002-    )|For inductor|||
V02-H03X|Current|(2002-    )|Core manufacture for other devices|||
V02-H04|Current|(1987-    )|Magnet mfr.|V02-H09||
V02-H05|Retired|(1992-2006)|Magnetic recording heads*|V02-H01, V02-H03, V02-H09|*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to T03-A04 codes from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes manufacture of coil/winding and core plus other aspects and testing.|
V02-H06|Current|(2002-    )|Terminal manufacture|V02-H09|Includes manufacture of terminals for all devices and is generally coded in conjunction with the relevant device code, e.g. V02-G01A for transformer terminals.|
V02-H07|Current|(2002-    )|Case manufacture|V02-H09|Includes manufacture of casings for all devices and is generally coded in conjunction with the relevant device code, e.g. V02-G01A for transformer casing.|
V02-H08|Old|(2002-2007)|Testing|V02-H09|For all aspects of testing transformer, inductor, etc except magnetic heads, which are covered by V02-H02/H05 and T03-A04 codes.|
V02-H08|Current|(2008-    )|Testing|V02-H09|For all aspects of testing transformer, inductor, etc. From 2007, testing of magnetic heads is not coded under V02 anymore, but only under T03-A04 codes.|
V02-H09|Current||Transformer/inductor manufacturing aspects - other||Includes manufacture of devices not specified above.|
V02-H10|Current|(2005-    )|Device, per se, manufacture||Includes indeterminate detail manufacture as well as multi-step processes.|
V03|Current||Switches and relays||V03 codes cover low power mechanical and electromechanical switches, i.e. those involving switching by moving contacts to make and break a circuit. High power switches, circuit breakers and circuit protectors are coded in X13. Electronic switching and gating are coded under U21-B codes.|
V03-A|Current||Contacts (general)||Relay and connector contacts are in V03-D and V04-D, respectively.|
V03-A01|Current||Contact material and structures|||
V03-A01A|Current|(1983-    )|Material||Includes materials such as composite materials containing noble metals, metal with carbide or oxide, copper, carbon particles or fibers, conducting materials dispersed in binding materials, etc.|
V03-A01B|Current|(1983-    )|Surface shape/structure||Includes details of the shape or structure of the contact-making surface, e.g. grooved, wetted with mercury, laminated, etc.|
V03-A02|Current||Contact engagement techniques||Includes engagement by abutting and sliding.|
V03-A03|Current||Protective enclosures||Includes protective enclosures, baffle plates or screens for contacts. Includes contacts sealed in an evacuated or gas-filled envelope, e.g. for reed switches. Reed switches are coded under V03-C06A.|
V03-A08|Current|(1992-    )|Contact manufacture; testing; monitoring|V03-A09|Includes manufacturing details of switches contacts, and details for testing and monitoring the integrity of contacts.|
V03-A09|Current||Other contact details||Includes increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, terminals, cleaning or lubricating contact-making surfaces, heating or cooling contacts, etc.|
V03-B|Current||Switch operating mechanisms (general)||Details of relays are in V03-D.|
V03-B01|Current||Non-hand-operated switches|||
V03-B01A|Current|(1992-    )|Limit switches||Includes switches actuated when reaching a specified limit, e.g. safety switches.|
V03-B01B|Old|(1997-2008)|Foot pedal switches|||
V03-B01B|Current|(2009-    )|Foot pedal switches or mouth operated switches||From 2009, this code covers both foot pedal switches and mouth operated switches. For constructional details, see also V03-B04 codes.|
V03-B01C|Current|(1997-    )|Door switches||See also V03-U18 for doors and windows. If vehicle doors, see also V03-U03A codes for land vehicles, and X22 codes. For other types of doors, see also X25.|
V03-B01D|Current|(1997-    )|Mat switches||Includes mats triggering opening of automated doors when user walks on the mat, dance mats or platforms used with game consoles and arcade games, etc.|
V03-B01E|Current|(1997-    )|Seat switches||Includes switches triggered when sitting on a seat. If vehicle seat, see also V03-U03A for land vehicles and X22 codes.|
V03-B02|Current||Internal power arrangements and driving mechanisms||Includes pneumatic or hydraulic actuator, motor-drive, electromagnet. Also includes transmitting driving force to contacts by ratchet, belt etc.|Switch-actuating, -operating, -driving
V03-B03|Current||Snap-action and time-delay arrangements||Includes devices for introducing a predetermined time delay between the initiation of the switching operation and the opening/closing of the contacts such as dash-pots, flies (e.g. fan governors), thermal timing devices (see also V03-C06B for thermal switches), etc.|
V03-B03A|Current|(1987-    )|Snap-action||Includes use of magnet, deformation of elastic member e.g. coil springs, flexing of blade springs, buckling of disc springs, etc., to first store operation energy which is then released to produce or assist the contact movement.|
V03-B04|Current||Housing, fuse, earthing and safety arrangements||Includes built-in fuses, earthing arrangements, anti-static arrangements, and built-in safety spark gaps.|Anti-static arrangement
V03-B04A|Current|(1987-    )|Housing||Includes dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof or flameproof casings, bases or covers. Also includes arrangements to enable replacement of switch, e.g. cartridge housing.|Walls, cases, boxes, covers, seals
V03-B05|Current||Indicators and markings||Includes 'on-off' switching conditions; markings for easy location in the dark.|Illuminated marking, light display, symbols
V03-B06|Current||Interlocking, locking or latching; arc control; cooling|||Cooling
V03-B06A|Current|(1987-    )|Interlocking, locking or latching||Includes interlocking between casing, cover, protective shutter and operating mechanisms; interlocking of two or more switches; locking using a key, etc.|Key, safety feature, latch
V03-B06B|Current|(1987-    )|Arc control||Includes arrangements for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts, for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, and for detecting the presence of an arc or discharge.|Blow-out magnet, arcing horns, corona ring, insulation
V03-B09|Current||Switch details - other||Includes mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock; lubricating means; levers, turn-knobs and pushbuttons; etc.|
V03-B10|Current|(2002-    )|Modular construction|||
V03-C|Current||Switches|||
V03-C01|Current||Linearly-movable operating parts|||
V03-C01A|Current||Adapted for actuation in one direction only|||Pushbutton switches
V03-C01A1|Current||With single operating member||Includes e.g. button switches for cameras, doorbells, flashlights, etc. See also V03-C01A3 for constructional details.|Camera, doorbell, flashlight
V03-C01A1A|Current|(2002-    )|Membrane switch with single operating member||Includes mechanical contact based membrane switches with single operating member. Includes details of the circuit printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. For electronic membrane switches e.g. detecting a change is resistance caused by depression of the switch, see U21-B codes instead.|PET layer, ITO layer
V03-C01A2|Current||With two or more operating members||Includes e.g. keyboard-type switches for computer keyboards or telephone key pads. See also V03-C01A3 for constructional details, T04-F01 codes for keyboards details and W01-C01B8 codes for keyboards/keypads details.|Keyboard, keypad
V03-C01A2A|Current|(1992-    )|Membrane switch with at least two operating members||Includes mechanical contact based membrane switches with two or more operating members. Includes details of the circuit printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. For electronic membrane switches e.g. detecting a change is resistance caused by depression of the switch, see U21-B codes instead.|PET layer, ITO layer, control panel for microwave, air conditioner, etc.
V03-C01A3|Current||Constructional details||Includes cases, housings, covers, casings, driving mechanisms, key structure (for keypads or keyboards), etc. for switches adapted for actuation in one direction only.|Case, housing, cover, casing, driving mechanism, coil spring, blade spring, disk spring, keystroke, key cap
V03-C01B|Current||Adapted for actuation in opposite directions||Includes constructional details and driving arrangements for slide switches.|Slide switches
V03-C02|Current||Rotary switches|||
V03-C02A|Current||Unlimited or unspecified angle||Includes constructional details and driving arrangements for switches operated by turn-knob.|Turn knob
V03-C02B|Current||Restricted angle only||Includes constructional details and driving arrangements for lever- or handle-operated switches, toggle switches, knife switches, etc.|Toggle, lever, handle, knife switch
V03-C03|Current||Operating part adapted for pulling or compound movement||Includes cord or chain operated switches.|Cord, chain, pull switch
V03-C03A|Current|(1992-    )|Compound movement||Includes constructional details and driving arrangements for switches having operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick, and movable both angularly and rectilinearly.|Joystick
V03-C04|Current||Tumbler switches||Includes constructional details and driving arrangements for tumbler and rocker switches.|Rocker switch, rocker switch
V03-C05|Current||Lockable switches||Includes key, plug or plate type.|
V03-C06|Current||Switches actuated by change of physical condition|||
V03-C06A|Current||Magnetic or electric field||Includes switch actuated by movement of a float carrying a magnet e.g. level detector.|Reed switch, magnetic switch, electromagnetic switch
V03-C06B|Current||Thermal conditions||Includes constructional details and driving arrangements for switches triggered by a change of temperature. See V03-C06B1 for thermally sensitive members per se. See V03-D05D only for electrothermal relays.|Electro-thermal, temperature, thermostat
V03-C06B1|Current||Thermally sensitive members||Includes bimetallic elements.|Bimetallic member, bimetal thermostat
V03-C06B9|Current||Other thermal switches||Includes bellows, diaphragm, Bourdon tube, etc.|Bellows, diaphragm, Bourdon tube
V03-C06C|Current||Position, speed, acceleration||Includes switches operated by change of inclination or orientation, centrifugal action, shock or vibration, inertia.|Impact switches, tilt switches
V03-C06D|Current||Fluid pressure or flow||Includes switches actuated by bellows, diaphragm, Bourdon tube, vane, piston and cylinder.|
V03-C06X|Current||Other physical condition responsive switches||Includes switches operated by a change of liquid level, humidity or liquid density.|Float switches
V03-C07|Current||Switch manufacture; testing; monitoring||For contact manufacture and testing see V03-A08. Includes all other manufacturing and testing aspects of switches.|
V03-C07A|Current|(2005-    )|Micromachining process, method or apparatus||See also U11-C and U12-B03F codes.|MEMS, microswitch, nanoswitch, silicon-machining, micromachining
V03-C08|Current|(1983-    )|Time (-programme) switches|V03-C09|Includes time or time programme switches (see also S04-C01) operated by rotary or non-rotary parts, thermal action, electrolytic processes or chemical processes.|
V03-C09|Current||Other switches||Includes liquid contact switches.|
V03-C10|Current|(1997-    )|Microswitches||Covers details of small-size switches that act by the movement of small levers and used where rapid precise movements are required, especially in keyboards and automatic control devices. For manufacturing details of microswitches or nanoswitches, see also V03-C07A.|Micromachining
V03-C10A|Current|(2002-    )|Nanoswitches||For manufacturing details (micromachining), see also V03-C07A.|
V03-C15|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid switches||Includes combined principle type switches e.g. combined contactless (semiconductor) and contact-type switches.|
V03-D|Current||Relays|||
V03-D01|Current||Circuits and mechanical arrangements modifying relay operation||Includes arrangements for modifying the operation of the delay, e.g. for holding armature in attracted position, for biasing the electromagnet, for introducing delay, etc.|Operation delay arrangement
V03-D02|Current||Energising-current supply circuits||Includes relay coil or coils forming part of a bridge circuit, and EM drive circuit specifically for relay operation.|
V03-D03|Current||Magnetic circuits, windings, contacts and driving arrangements|||
V03-D03A|Current|(1983-    )|Magnetic circuits||Electromagnetic details forming part of relay are also in V02-E02A2.|Armatures, electromagnets, yokes, magnets, cores, poles
V03-D03B|Current|(1983-    )|Windings||Includes magnetic coils or windings, including short-circuited conducting sleeves, bands or discs.|Coils, coil formers, bobbins
V03-D03C|Current|(1983-    )|Contact arrangements||Includes contact spring sets.|
V03-D03D|Current|(1983-    )|Magnetic circuit to contact drive||Includes driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact with e.g. lost or snap action, etc. Also includes mechanical arrangements for producing a desired natural frequency using e.g. reed or blade spring, diaphragm, etc.|
V03-D04|Current||Electromagnetic relays|||
V03-D04A|Current||Polarised and sealed relays|||
V03-D04A1|Current|(1983-    )|Polarised relays||Includes polarised relays with or without intermediate neutral position of rest.|
V03-D04A5|Current|(1983-    )|Sealed relays||Includes reed relays. For telephony see W01-B.|
V03-D04X|Current||Other electromagnetic relays||Includes non-polarised relays, frequency relays, mechanically-tuned relays, self-interrupters, etc.|
V03-D05|Current||Non-electromagnetic relays|||
V03-D05A|Current|(1987-    )|Piezoelectric relays||Includes electrostrictive and piezoelectric relays.|Bimorph elements
V03-D05B|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetostrictive relays|||
V03-D05C|Current|(1997-    )|Electrostatic relays||Includes electrostatic and electro-adhesion relays.|
V03-D05D|Current|(1997-    )|Electrothermal relays||Includes heating arrangements using direct or indirect heat, and self-interrupters. Details of induction or resistance heating per se are also covered under X25-B codes.|Glow discharge, induction or resistance heating, self-interrupters
V03-D05E|Current|(1997-    )|Dynamo-electric relays||Includes electrodynamic relays, ferrodynamic relays, magnetodynamic relays and induction relays.|Electrodynamic, ferrodynamic, magnetodynamic, induction relays
V03-D06|Current||Constructional details; manufacture; testing|||
V03-D06A|Current|(1983-    )|Cases, indicators, shielding, cooling, terminals||Includes bases, casings, covers, indicators, distinguishing marks, electromagnetic or electrostatic shielding, ventilating/cooling of relays and terminal arrangements.|Covers, seals, bases, housing, relay holder
V03-D06B|Current|(1983-    )|Manufacture and testing||Includes materials salvaging, appts., methods and testing.|
V03-D06B1|Current|(2005-    )|Micromachining process, method or apparatus||See also U11-C and U12-B03F codes.|MEMS, microrelay, nanorelay, silicon-machining, micromachining
V03-D06C|Current|(1987-    )|Arc control||For manufacturing details of microrelays or nanorelays, see also V03-D06B1.|
V03-D10A|Current|(2002-    )|Nanorelays|||
V03-D15|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid relays||Includes combined principle type relays e.g. combined semiconductor and electromagnetic relays.|
V03-D20|Current|(1997-    )|Smart relays||Includes smart or intelligent relays.|
V03-E|Current||Selectors||Includes electrically operated, step-by-step wiper motion switches. For telephony see W01-B.|
V03-U|Current|(2002-    )|Switches/relays characterised by applications|||
V03-U01|Current|(2002-    )|Domestic||Includes switches for domestic appliances, such as curling irons, ovens, hair dryers, food blenders, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, irons, etc. For switches on personal items, see V03-U02. See also X27 codes for domestic appliances.|
V03-U02|Current|(2002-    )|Personal||Includes switches for personal items, such as toothbrushes, footwear, clothes, razors, etc. See also X27 codes for personal appliances.|
V03-U03|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicles||Includes switches for unspecified vehicles. If the type of vehicle is specified, see V03-U03A, V03-U03B, V03-U03C, V03-U03D or V03-U03E for land vehicles, avionics, shipping, military or railway vehicles respectively.|
V03-U03A|Current|(2005-    )|Land vehicles||Includes switches for land vehicles, such as cars, motor bikes, trucks, tractors, vans, utility vehicles, excavators, etc. See also X22 codes.|
V03-U03B|Current|(2005-    )|Avionics||Includes switches for air vehicles, such as planes, helicopters, gliders, etc. See also W06 codes.|
V03-U03C|Current|(2005-    )|Shipping||Includes switches for sea vehicles, such as boats, ferries, submarines, yachts, etc. See also W06 codes.|
V03-U03D|Current|(2005-    )|Military||Includes switches for military vehicles, such as rockets, tanks, etc. See also W07 codes.|
V03-U03E|Current|(2010-    )|Railways||Includes switches for railway vehicles, such as locomotives, carriages, etc. used for passengers, in mines, etc.|
V03-U04|Current|(2002-    )|Information equipment||Includes switches for computers, laptops and notebooks, keyboards, keypads, touchscreens, printers, scanners, copiers, facsimiles, graph plotters, personal digital assistants (PDA), calculators, etc. See also V03-C01A2 for details of switches, and V03-C01A3 for constructional details. Keypads for mobile phones are coded under V03-U05 only. Also includes switches used in stationary and business equipment, e.g. shredder, etc. See also T01 codes for computer details, T04 codes for printer, keyboard and plotter details, S06 codes for copier details, W02-J codes for facsimile details, and X27-A02C for electrical aspects of stationary and business equipment.|
V03-U05|Current|(2002-    )|Telecommunication and broadcasting||Includes switches for phones, mobile phones, pagers, televisions, receivers, set-top boxes, radios, remote controllers for television, etc., RF communication, etc. See also W01 and W02 codes for mobile phones, pagers, phones, etc, and W03 codes for TV receivers, remote controllers for television, set-top boxes, etc.|
V03-U06|Current|(2002-    )|Machine tools||Includes switches for machine tools such as presses, rolling, milling, drilling, turning, polishing, grinding, boring, cutting, abrading and burnishing machines. See also X25 codes.|
V03-U07|Current|(2002-    )|Industrial||Includes switches used in the industrial field, such as on conveyors, excavators (see also V03-U03A for land vehicles), in the mining industry, on packing, bottling, and sorting devices, cranes, incinerators, engraving systems, in manufacturing and assembly plants, etc. Switches especially for machine tools are coded under V03-U06 only. See also X25 codes.|
V03-U08|Current|(2002-    )|Toys; games; sports; musical instruments||Includes switches on toys, dolls, fitness and exercises machines, sport equipment, arcade games such as Pachinko or fruit machines, video consoles, handheld game consoles, musical instruments such as electric guitars, keyboards, etc. See also W04 codes.|Toys, sport equipment, arcade games, game consoles, guitars, keyboards
V03-U09|Current|(2002-    )|Audio, video equipment||Includes switches on projectors, video recorders (VCR), DVD recorders, Hi-Fi systems, etc. Switches for cameras are coded under V03-U12 only. See also W04 codes.|
V03-U10|Current|(2002-    )|Medical||Includes switches on medical devices, such as pacemakers, hearing aids, defibrillators, diagnostic equipment, life support machines, etc., and on hospital, veterinary, and dentistry equipment, etc. See also S05 codes.|
V03-U11|Current|(2002-    )|Lighting||Includes novel slide switches (V03-C01B) used in flashlights, wall-mounted rocker switches (V03-C04) for controlling house lighting, foot-operated switches (V03-B01B) for controlling floor lamps, and inertia responsive switches (V03-C06C) for automatically applying motor vehicle hazard lights after an accident (see also V03-U03A, X22-N and X22-B02X). See also X26 codes for illumination arrangements per se.|
V03-U12|Current|(2002-    )|Cameras||Includes switches for digital and analogue still and video cameras. For other A/V equipment, see V03-U09 only. See also W04 codes for digital and video cameras, and S06-B codes for analogue cameras.|
V03-U13|Current|(2005-    )|Instrumentation||Includes switches on electrical instruments, engineering and scientific instrumentation. See also S01 to S03 codes.|
V03-U14|Current|(2005-    )|Robotics||Includes switches on robots used in assembly lines (see also V03-U07 for industrial and X25), during surgery (see also V03-U10 for medical and S05), in home automation (see also V03-U01 for domestic and X27), welding robots (see also V03-U07 for industrial and X24), etc.|
V03-U15|Current|(2005-    )|Alarms; signalling||Includes switches used to e.g. activate silent alarm used to covertly alert police during robbery, indicate unauthorised opening of window in house (see also V03-U18 and X25-U01), or to remotely signal to owner that parked vehicle is being tampered with (see also X22-N and X22-D03C). See also W05-B codes for novel details of alarms per se.|
V03-U16|Current|(2005-    )|Monitoring; control||Includes e.g. key sheets used in television remote control units (see also V03-U09 and W03-A02C), pedestrian traffic light control pushbuttons (see also T07-B05A and T07-C03), wall-mounted switches for remotely controlling lighting (see also V03-U11, X26-C03C an W05-D codes) and switches for monitoring whether patient gets out of bed (see also V03-U10 and S05-G02B2 codes).|
V03-U17|Current|(2005-    )|HVAC; refrigeration||Includes switches used in heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems, and refrigeration system. See also X27-E and X27-F codes.|
V03-U18|Current|(2005-    )|Doors and windows||Includes switches using on doors, gates and windows. For alarms systems, see also V03-U15 and W05 codes. See also X25 codes.|
V04|Current||Printed circuits and connectors||NOTES:|
V04-A|Current||Direct connections||Relates to electrically conductive connections for two or more conductive members which are in direct contact.|
V04-A01|Current||Soldered, welded, riveted||See X24 for general soldering, welding and riveting. Mfr. of such connections is covered by V04-P codes.|
V04-A02|Current||Twisted, wrapped, bent, crimped|||Crimping sleeve, ferrule
V04-A03|Current||With insulation penetrating/displacement member||See also V04-M07.|Insulation displacement connnector (IDC), needle point, prong
V04-A04|Current||Clamped or spring|||
V04-A04A|Current||Using clamping member acted on by screw or nut|||
V04-A04B|Current||Using screw or nut clamping member|||
V04-A04C|Current||Using spring, clip, or resilient member|||
V04-A04X|Current||Other clamped or spring members||Includes connections using cams, wedges, cones or balls to maintain contact.|
V04-A05|Current||To earth|||Grounding electrode, earthing connector
V04-A06|Current|(1992-    )|Conductive adhesive|V04-A09||
V04-A07|Current|(1992-    )|Zebra' connector|V04-A09|Includes block of insulating material with alternative conductive areas.|Elastomer block
V04-A08|Current|(1992-    )|Insulating connections|V04-A09|Includes end caps, sleeves etc.|
V04-A09|Current||Other direct connections||Includes connections using shape memory contact, etc.|
V04-A10|Current|(1992-    )|Superconducting wires connection|V04-A09|For high power superconducting wire connectors, see X12-G02G.|
V04-A11|Current|(1992-    )|Anisotropic connector|V04-A09||
V04-B|Current||Terminal strips and blocks; terminals mounted on base||Connectors or connecting arrangements of this type provide a number of mutually insulated connections.|
V04-B01|Current||For printed circuits||Includes bed-of-nails connector (see also V04-M05). For semiconductor device holders see also V04-K02, and U11-D01Q codes.|IC socket, holder
V04-B02|Current|(1987-    )|For flat cables|V04-B09|See also V04-M04.|Ribbon cable connector
V04-B03|Current|(1992-    )|For coaxial cable|V04-B09|See also V04-M03.|High frequency, data communication
V04-B04|Current|(1992-    )|End pieces for multiconductor cables|V04-B09||
V04-B05|Current|(1992-    )|Terminals or binding posts, terminal strips, terminal blocks, terminal boards|V04-B09|Includes fastening of connecting parts to base or case.|Distributor block
V04-B05A|Current|(1992-    )|Clip-on terminal blocks for mounting on rail or strip|V04-B09||
V04-B09|Current||Other terminal strips and blocks; terminals mounted on base|||
V04-C|Current||End pieces for wires or cables; 2 or more spaced connecting locations|||
V04-C01|Current|(1992-    )|End pieces||Includes end pieces supported by wire or cable and for connection to another wire, terminal or conductive member. For multiconductor cables, see V04-B04.|Clamps, battery post, eye-, fork-, hook-terminals, crocodile clips, spade terminals, probes, needle points, spring clip, ferrule, sleeve, screw, nut
V04-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Two or more connecting locations||Includes connectors for conductive members providing two or more spaced connecting locations which are thereby interconnected.|
V04-D|Current||Connector details||Details only of connectors of the type covered by H01R-015-033 are included here.|
V04-D01|Current||Contact members||Includes composition of contacts; hermaphroditic contacts; etc. Conductive materials in general are covered by X12-D01 codes.|Machined, stamped, formed, single beam, dual leaf, crimp-, wire wrap-, angled solder-, straight solder-pin termination
V04-D01A|Current|(1983-    )|Pins, blades, or prongs|||Male, termination
V04-D01B|Current|(1983-    )|Sockets or receptacle contacts|||Tongues, termination, female, twin cantilever
V04-D02|Current||Securing contact members to base|||
V04-D03|Current||Bases; cases; covers||For insulating materials in general see X12-E codes.|Housing, body, seals, dust cap, moulding, hood, potting boot
V04-D03A|Current|(1992-    )|Materials||Includes materials for all types of connectors.|
V04-D04|Current||Fastenings; guides||Includes means for enabling engagement or disengagement of coupling parts with ease or for holding them in engagement using bolt or threaded ferrule.|Latches, locks, securing, coupling nut or ring, bayonet, ZIF connector, zero insertion force, screw, locking lever
V04-D04A|Current|(1983-    )|Snap-action fastenings|||
V04-D05|Current||Structural association with electrical component||Includes built-in fuse, switch, light bulbs, filter capacitors (see also V04-M08), etc. Details of electrical components are in relevant classes e.g. fuses in X13.|
V04-D06|Current||Protective and screening arrangements|||Safety arrangements
V04-D06A|Current|(1983-    )|Preventing access to live parts||Involves use of shutters or cover plates; insulating terminals; lockable dummy plug.|
V04-D06B|Current|(1983-    )|Earthing; shielding|||Screening, grounding
V04-D06C|Current|(1992-    )|Preventing incorrect coupling|||Polarisation
V04-D06D|Current|(1992-    )|Cable strain-relief|||Clamp
V04-D06X|Current|(1983-    )|Other protective and screening arrangements|||
V04-D09|Current||Other connector details||Includes mounting of coupling parts to apparatus e.g. wall or panel; lockable housing for plug not in use; etc.|
V04-E|Current||Single-pole two-part connectors|||
V04-F|Current||Two-pole two-part connectors||Includes coaxial connectors. Communication type connectors are in section W e.g. for cable TV see W02-F codes.|
V04-G|Current||Three or more-pole two-part connectors|||
V04-G01|Current||With parallel sliding contacts||Includes D-type-, rectangular- and trapezoidal-shaped connectors.|
V04-G02|Current||For printed circuits||See also V04-M05.|PCB connector
V04-G02A|Current||Edge connectors|||
V04-G02B|Current||Surface connectors|||
V04-G09|Current||Other three or more-pole two-part connectors||Includes jacks e.g. for telephone. See W01-C,|
V04-G15|Current|(2002-    )|USB connectors|||Universal serial bus
V04-H|Current||(Multiway) adaptors, incl. plug standards converters||Includes coupling parts adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts e.g. twin socket for distributing energy to two or more circuits. Also includes coupling parts adapted for co-operation with two or more dissimilar parts; coupling parts for co-operation with counterparts of different voltages.|
V04-H01|Current|(1992-    )|Rails or bus-bars||Includes arrangements allowing counterpart to be mounted either at any point or at discrete locations.|Low power
V04-J|Current||Coupling supported connectors||Includes an intermediate part linking two coupling parts e.g. two male coupling parts interconnected by an intermediate part with two female parts; intermediate parts distributing energy to two or more parallel circuits. Also includes bridging contacts in a counter-part.|Shunt connector, three-part coupling
V04-K|Current||Connectors with holders|||
V04-K01|Current||Lamp holders||See also X26-F.|Lamp socket
V04-K02|Current|(1983-    )|For semiconductor devices|V04-K09|See also U11-D01Q, and V04-B01 if holder is for PCB mounting.|LED holder, IC socket
V04-K03|Current|(1983-    )|Fuse holders|V04-K09|See also X13-D01B.|Fuse clip
V04-K09|Current||Other connectors with holders||Includes CRT sockets, valve holders. See also V05-D codes.|
V04-L|Current||Rotary current collectors, distributors, interrupters|||
V04-L01|Current||Commutators, slip-rings, contact brushes||For electric machine application, see also V06-M12 or X11-J03.|
V04-L01A|Current|(1983-    )|Commutators, slip-rings|||
V04-L01B|Current|(1983-    )|Brush arrangements|||
V04-L09|Current||Other rotary current collectors, distributors, interrupters||Includes distributors and interrupters. For vehicles see also X22-A01C.|Distributor caps
V04-M|Current||Connectors for specific applications||Normally used in conjunction with above types, as relevant.|
V04-M01|Current||High frequency and high speed connectors|||Cable TV distribution, coaxial, antenna, RF, computer data, data communications
V04-M02|Current||Mains connectors|||Under-carpet cable connection
V04-M03|Current|(1983-    )|Coaxial cables connectors|||
V04-M04|Current|(1983-    )|Flat or ribbon cables connectors|||Under-carpet flat cable connector
V04-M05|Current|(1983-    )|Printed circuits connector|||
V04-M06|Current|(1983-    )|Adverse environments (dusty, wet, hot) connector|||
V04-M07|Current|(1987-    )|Insulation displacing connectors|||IDC
V04-M08|Current|(1987-    )|Filter connectors|||
V04-M09|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid or mixed signal connectors||Includes combination of e.g. optical and electrical signals, power and data signals.|
V04-M10|Current|(1992-    )|Crimped connectors|||
V04-M11|Current|(1997-    )|Smart connectors|||
V04-M12|Current|(1997-    )|Combination connectors|||
V04-M15|Current|(2002-    )|Hot plug connectors|||
V04-M16|Current|(2005-    )|Zif connector|||
V04-M17|Current|(2006-    )|Cable-connector combination||Includes a combination of cable and connector where neither is, or both are, novel. See X12-D03Q also.|
V04-M20|Current|(2002-    )|Microconnectors|||
V04-M30|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by application to specific industry||These codes are used together, if necessary, with other V04-M codes e.g. HF connector for communications is coded in V04-M01 and V04-M30G.|
V04-M30A|Current|(1992-    )|Avionics/military/shipping|||
V04-M30C|Current|(1992-    )|Land vehicles|||
V04-M30E|Current|(1992-    )|Data processing|||
V04-M30G|Current|(1992-    )|Telecommunications|||
V04-M30J|Current|(1992-    )|Oil/petrochemical|||
V04-M30L|Current|(1992-    )|Consumer electronics|||
V04-M30M|Current|(1997-    )|Medical|||
V04-M30N|Current|(1992-    )|Domestic||Includes connectors for irons, fridges, etc. Ordinary mains connectors are in V04-M02.|
V04-M30P|Current|(1997-    )|Personal hygiene|||
V04-M30Q|Current|(2002-    )|Instrumentation|||
V04-M30R|Current|(2002-    )|Machine tools; robotics|||
V04-M30S|Current|(2005-    )|Industrial machines|||
V04-N|Current||Flexible or turnable line connectors; non-rotary current collectors||Also includes flat cable arrangement for movable element, e.g. vehicle steering wheel. See also X22-C05 and X22-X01A.|
V04-P|Current|(1980-    )|Apparatus and processes for connector manufacture assembly, testing, repair||Used in conjunction with V04-M. For testing of printed circuit board see V04-R06 instead. For general electric testing also see S01-G codes.|
V04-P01|Current||For crimping, wire wrapping, etc.|||
V04-P01A|Current|(1992-    )|Crimping||See also X12-G01E for heavy crimping tools.|
V04-P01C|Current|(1992-    )|Wire wrapping|||
V04-P02|Current||For commutators, slip-rings, brushes||See also V06-M11A or X11-J08A for application to electric machines.|
V04-P03|Current|(1992-    )|Wire stripping|V04-P09|See also X12-G01B for heavy power cables.|
V04-P04|Current|(1992-    )|Plating|V04-P09||
V04-P05|Current|(1992-    )|Connecting terminal to housing or moulding|V04-P09||
V04-P06|Current|(1992-    )|Contact|V04-P09||
V04-P07|Current|(1992-    )|Housing|V04-P09||
V04-P08|Current|(1992-    )|Soldering, riveting, welding|V04-P09|See also X24.|
V04-P09|Current||Other apparatus and processes for connector manufacture, assembly, repair|||Metal recovery
V04-P10|Current|(1992-    )|Connecting superconducting wires|V04-P09|See also X12-G01X, X12-D06.|
V04-P11|Current|(1992-    )|Terminating cable|V04-P09||
V04-P12|Current|(2006-    )|Testing|||
V04-Q|Current||Printed circuits|||
V04-Q01|Current||Printed connections to printed circuit boards||Includes printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits (See also V04-M05).|
V04-Q02|Current||Printed circuits structurally associated with other circuits or non-printed components||Includes printed circuits/boards structurally associated with electronic, electric and 'mechanical' components.|Universal interface board
V04-Q02A|Current|(1992-    )|Association with other non-printed components|||
V04-Q02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Switch|||
V04-Q02A2|Current|(1992-    )|Multichip modules||See also U11-D01A6 and/or U14-H03A4 and U14-H03C3 codes. MCMs based on silicon substrates are in U11 and U14 only. Indeterminate substrate type MCMs are in sections U and V.|
V04-Q02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Smart cards||See also T01-H, T04-K, and U11-D01A codes for IC card packages. See also U14 codes if thin film aspects are relevant. Connectors for smart cards are coded according to claimed aspects e.g. V04-G02, V04-M05.|
V04-Q02A3A|Current|(2002-    )|Contactless cards|||
V04-Q02A3B|Current|(2002-    )|Contact cards|||
V04-Q02A3C|Current|(2002-    )|Hybrid/twin cards|||
V04-Q02A4|Current|(2005-    )|Non-electrical components||Includes structural association of PCB with non-electrical components, e.g. heatsink clamps, and optical components, such as lens holders, etc.|
V04-Q02A5|Current|(2005-    )|RFI/EMI (non-tracks) shields||Includes individual modules and whole PCB shielding cans/boxes. See also V04-U codes.|
V04-Q02A6|Current|(2005-    )|Buried (non-printed) components||Includes association with components such as capacitors, resistors or inductors buried within layers or under encapsulant. See V04-R03 for PCB encapsulation per se.|
V04-Q02A7|Current|(2005-    )|Semiconductor device association with PCB||V04-Q02A2 and V04-Q02A3 take precedence.|
V04-Q02A9|Current|(2006-    )|Other associated electrical components||Includes PCB association with other electrical components e.g. mountable type antenna.|
V04-Q02B|Current|(1992-    )|Association with other circuits|||
V04-Q02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Mother/daughter boards||See also V04-T02.|
V04-Q02B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Hierarchical interconnection technology||See also V04-T02.|HIT
V04-Q03|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid circuits|V04-Q02, V04-Q09|Includes hybrid circuits per se. Manufacturing is in V04-R05G and relevant processes being claimed e.g. metallisation in V04-R02. All aspects of hybrid circuits are not covered here. For example, packaging and terminals are covered more fully in section U. See also U14-H03 and U14-H04 codes.|
V04-Q04|Current|(1992-    )|Printed resistor, capacitor, or inductor|V04-Q09|See also V01-A02, V01-B03, V02-F01 codes.|
V04-Q04A|Current|(2006-    )|Printed resistor|||
V04-Q04B|Current|(2006-    )|Printed capacitor|||
V04-Q04C|Current|(2006-    )|Printed inductors; printed coils||Also includes printed coils for transformers (see also V02-F/V02-G codes) and electric motors (see also V06-M08A1)|
V04-Q04D|Current|(2006-    )|Composite printed components||Includes printed RC, RL, RLC or LC component combinations. Passive frequency-selective networks using structurally-associated components are also assigned U25-E02A.|
V04-Q05|Current|(1992-    )|Printed circuits per se|V04-Q09|Includes track layout, general description of PCB and its components. V04-Q02A takes precedence for specific component association with PCB.|
V04-Q05A|Current|(2005-    )|Tracks layout design for EMI/RFI shielding or ESD protection||See V04-U codes for general EMI/RFI shielding.|
V04-Q06|Current|(2002-    )|Printed antenna|||
V04-Q08|Current|(2005-    )|Probe cards||Use this code together with other V04-Q and V04-R codes if appropriate, e.g. V04-Q02A for novel structural association with electronic components, V04-Q02B for structural association with other PCBs within probe card assembly or test fixture, or V04-R codes for novel manufacturing aspects. See also V04-Q30Q, S01-G, S01-H and U11-F codes. V04-B01/M05 codes may be applied for highlighting novel features of terminals, pins, blades mounted on PCB.|
V04-Q08A|Current|(2005-    )|Horizontal probe card|||
V04-Q08B|Current|(2005-    )|Vertical probe card|||
V04-Q09|Current||Other printed circuits|||
V04-Q30|Current|(2005-    )|Characterised by application to specific industry or equipment|||
V04-Q30A|Current|(2005-    )|Avionics/military/shipping|||
V04-Q30B|Current|(2005-    )|Land vehicles|||
V04-Q30C|Current|(2005-    )|Computers|||
V04-Q30D|Current|(2005-    )|Displays; projectors|||
V04-Q30E|Current|(2005-    )|Data storage|||
V04-Q30F|Current|(2005-    )|Printers; scanners; photocopiers; fax machines|||
V04-Q30G|Current|(2005-    )|Telecommunication and broadcasting|||
V04-Q30H|Current|(2005-    )|Audio/video equipment|||
V04-Q30J|Current|(2005-    )|Cameras|||
V04-Q30K|Current|(2005-    )|Toys; games; sports|||
V04-Q30L|Current|(2005-    )|Power supplies|||
V04-Q30M|Current|(2005-    )|Medical equipment|||
V04-Q30N|Current|(2005-    )|Domestic appliances|||
V04-Q30P|Current|(2005-    )|Personal articles|||
V04-Q30Q|Current|(2005-    )|Instrumentation|||
V04-Q30R|Current|(2005-    )|Machine tools; robotics|||
V04-Q30S|Current|(2005-    )|Industrial machines|||
V04-Q30T|Current|(2005-    )|Alarms; signalling; telecontrol|||
V04-Q30U|Current|(2011-    )|Lighting; lamps||Includes printed circuits used in illumination applications such as street lamps, table lamps and LED lamps.|
V04-Q30X|Current|(2011-    )|Other||Includes oil/petroleum application and chemical industry|
V04-R|Current||Printed circuit manufacture|||
V04-R01|Current||Removing conductive material; resists|||
V04-R01A|Current|(1983-    )|Resist||Includes photoresist for use as solder mask. See also V04-R03, V04-R04A2.|
V04-R01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Material|||
V04-R01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Stripping|||
V04-R01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Protector|||
V04-R01A4|Current|(1992-    )|Liquid|||
V04-R01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Dry|||
V04-R01A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Laminating|||
V04-R01A6|Current|(1992-    )|Developing|||
V04-R01B|Current|(1992-    )|Phototool||Includes all etching resist exposure methods and apparatus. For all other types of PCB exposure methods and apparatus see V04-R12.|Photomask
V04-R01C|Current|(1992-    )|Metal removal|||
V04-R01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Chemical etching|||
V04-R01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Mechanical removal||Includes metal removal using e.g. laser.|
V04-R02|Current||Applying conductive material||Includes wire embedded onto substrate or encapsulated PCB (see also V04-T01); processes to improve adhesion between substrate and metal layer (see also V04-R07); bonding metal foil to substrate is in V04-R07P1.|Conductive ink, circuit pattern production, metallising, masking tape
V04-R02A|Current|(1987-    )|Electroless plating|||Catalysts, chemical plating
V04-R02B|Current|(1987-    )|Electroplating||Includes electrolytic plating methods or baths. See X25-R04 also.|
V04-R02C|Current|(1987-    )|Through-hole or via plating|||Through-vias, blind vias, buried vias
V04-R02D|Current|(1992-    )|Sputtering||For general sputtering appts. see X25-A04.|
V04-R02E|Current|(1992-    )|Evaporation|||
V04-R02F|Current|(1992-    )|Screen printing|||
V04-R02G|Current|(2005-    )|Adhesion aids||Includes arrangements or materials for improving adhesion between a conductor track and substrate. Materials related to additives incorporated within the conductive material (see also V04-R02P) and additives incorporated within a substrate material (see also V04-R07L). If the adhesion aid is particularly for either a track or metal foil/layer use either this code or V04-R07P5, respectively. For general cases, use both codes.|
V04-R02P|Current|(1992-    )|Conductive materials||Conductive materials in general are covered by|
V04-R02Q|Current|(1992-    )|Baking conductor tracks|||
V04-R02R|Current|(1992-    )|Plating resists|||
V04-R02S|Current|(2006-    )|Ink-jet printing||Includes the forming of conductive tracks by using an ink-jet printer (see T04-G codes for printer details)|
V04-R03|Current||Secondary treatment||Includes polishing etc.|
V04-R03A|Current|(1992-    )|Repairing conductive pattern faults|||
V04-R03C|Current|(1992-    )|Cleaning||Includes chemical and mechanical cleaning.|Defluxing
V04-R03C1|Current|(1992-    )|Brush cleaning|||
V04-R03C2|Current|(1992-    )|Vapour degreasing|||
V04-R03C3|Current|(1992-    )|Wave cleaning|||
V04-R03C4|Current|(1992-    )|Ultrasonic|||
V04-R03C9|Current|(1992-    )|CFC-free cleaner|||
V04-R03E|Current|(1992-    )|Protective coatings||Includes also solder mask left on PCB for protection.|Conformal coatings
V04-R03E1|Current|(1992-    )|Applying coatings|||
V04-R03G|Current|(1992-    )|Drill smear removal|||
V04-R03J|Current|(1992-    )|Correcting soldering defects||Includes de-soldering, resoldering components; removing excess solder. etc.|
V04-R03L|Current|(1992-    )|Drying|||
V04-R04|Current||Assembling with electric components||Includes mounting of electric, electronic and mechanical components. Includes also component removal. V04-R04 codes are used in conjunction with each other as appropriate. For example, surface mounted components and their soldering is in V04-R04B and V04-R04A codes.|
V04-R04A|Current|(1983-    )|Soldering||Details of soldering methods and appts. are also in X24-A. Unsoldering of components is also included here if precise method is not indicated.|
V04-R04A1|Current|(1987-    )|Wave soldering|||Soldering baths
V04-R04A2|Current|(1987-    )|Solder mask and its application||See also V04-R03.|Solder resist
V04-R04A2A|Current|(1992-    )|Permanent|||Screen printing, photoprint, thermal-, UV-curing
V04-R04A2F|Current|(1992-    )|Temporary|||Solvent, peelable, aqueous
V04-R04A3|Current|(1992-    )|Reflow soldering|||
V04-R04A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Infrared|||
V04-R04A3C|Current|(1992-    )|Laser|||
V04-R04A3G|Current|(1992-    )|Thermal conduction|||
V04-R04A3J|Current|(1992-    )|Hot gas||Includes vapour phase soldering also.|
V04-R04A3L|Current|(1992-    )|Soldering iron|V04-V09|Prior to 1992 soldering irons were coded in V04-V09. This is now discontinued.|Desoldering
V04-R04A4|Current|(2010-    )|Ultrasonic soldering||See also X24-A02X for general ultrasonic soldering.|
V04-R04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Flux/solder material|||
V04-R04A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Flux, solder paste/cream application|||screen printer, stencil printer, pressure dispensing
V04-R04A5C|Current|(1992-    )|clean flux'; fluxless soldering||Includes materials which need no secondary cleaning step.|
V04-R04A7|Current|(1992-    )|Inspecting solder joint||See also V04-R06D3.|
V04-R04B|Current|(1987-    )|Surface mounting|||Component onserters
V04-R04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Adhesive application, drying and curing|||
V04-R04B2|Current|(1997-    )|Adhesive materials|||
V04-R04C|Current|(1987-    )|Wiring||See also V04-V02 for records prior to 1992. From 1992 onwards, see V04-V02 only for general circuitry manufacture.|
V04-R04D|Current|(1992-    )|Leaded component mounting|||
V04-R04D1|Current|(1992-    )|Lead clinching, cutting, shaping, etc.|V04-R04, V04-V01||
V04-R04F|Current|(1992-    )|Component placement machine|V04-R04, V04-R04B, V04-V01|Used in conjunction with V04-R04B or V04-R04D.|
V04-R04F1|Current|(1992-    )|Robot|||
V04-R04F3|Current|(1992-    )|Pick-and-place|||
V04-R04G|Current|(1992-    )|Component feeding, orienting|V04-R04, V04-R01|See also V04-V01 for records prior to 1992. From 1992 onwards, see V04-V01 only for general circuit manufacture. For component handling within placement machine see only V04-R04F.|Positioning
V04-R04G1|Current|(1992-    )|Component magazine or bandolier per se and its handling|V04-R04, V04-V01A|See also V04-V01A for records prior to 1992. From 1992 onwards see V04-V01A only for general circuit manufacture. See also U11-F codes.|
V04-R04J|Current|(1992-    )|Checking for correct mounting and presence of component||See also V04-R06D5.|
V04-R05|Current||Types of PCB||This code is used in conjunction with other codes relating to PCBs/hybrids and their manufacture except in those cases where the type of PCB is evident from other claimed features e.g. multilayer substrate material is in V04-R07A and V04-R07L.|
V04-R05A|Current|(1992-    )|Multilayer|V04-R05||
V04-R05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Ceramic|||
V04-R05B|Current|(1992-    )|Double-sided|V04-R05||
V04-R05C|Current|(1992-    )|Rigid|||
V04-R05D|Current|(1992-    )|Flexible|||
V04-R05E|Current|(1992-    )|Three-dimensional|||
V04-R05G|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid|V04-Q09||
V04-R05H|Current|(2005-    )|Flex-rigid|||
V04-R06|Current|(1983-    )|Testing|V04-R09|See also S01-G, S02-A, S03-E, T01-J, T04-D codes. The V04-R06 codes are used in conjunction with each other as appropriate e.g. method for conductivity testing of a bare board by using bed-of-nails contact probe is coded in V04-R06A3 and V04-R06G1A.|Detecting defects, inspecting, shorts, pinholes, open circuit, specks
V04-R06A|Current|(1992-    )|Bare board|||
V04-R06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Isolation||Includes testing of spacing between conductor tracks, short circuit between tracks etc.|
V04-R06A3|Current|(1992-    )|Conductivity||Includes testing of open circuit in conductor tracks.|
V04-R06D|Current|(1992-    )|Loaded board|V04-R06, V04-V09||In-circuit
V04-R06D1|Current|(1992-    )|Functional|||
V04-R06D3|Current|(1992-    )|Soldering|||
V04-R06D5|Current|(1992-    )|Correct component position|||
V04-R06G|Current|(1992-    )|Test fixtures|||
V04-R06G1|Current|(1992-    )|Contact probes||See S01-H and appropriate V04 codes also.|Spring-loaded probes
V04-R06G1A|Current|(1992-    )|Bed-of-nails|||
V04-R06G1B|Current|(2002-    )|Flying-probes|||
V04-R06G1C|Current|(2002-    )|Generic probes|||
V04-R06G2|Current|(2005-    )|Non-contact probes|||
V04-R06G3|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic test equipment|||
V04-R06G4|Current|(2005-    )|Wireless fixture||Includes fixture having wires replaced by PCB.|
V04-R06G5|Current|(2005-    )|MEMS-based probes|||
V04-R06J|Current|(1992-    )|Techniques/types|||
V04-R06J1|Current|(1992-    )|Optical|||
V04-R06J1A|Current|(1992-    )|Visual inspection|||
V04-R06J1C|Current|(1992-    )|Image processing||Includes electronic imaging using CCTV, pattern recognition. See also T01-J, T04-D, W02-F codes.|
V04-R06J2|Current|(1997-    )|X-rays|||
V04-R06J3|Current|(2006-    )|Mechanical or thermal tests||Includes e.g. vibration, structural, mechanical or thermal testing.|
V04-R06J9|Current|(2006-    )|Other testing techniques|||
V04-R06M|Current|(1992-    )|Artwork||Includes checking of traces, position of lands, photomasks/phototool, etc.|
V04-R07|Current|(1983-    )|Substrates|V04-R09|Includes measures to improve adhesion of metal to substrates. See also V04-R02.|
V04-R07A|Current|(1992-    )|Multilayer|||
V04-R07A1|Current|(1992-    )|Ceramic|||
V04-R07B|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-cored|||
V04-R07C|Current|(1992-    )|Flexible|||Polyimide film, polyester film
V04-R07D|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid|||
V04-R07E|Current|(2005-    )|Metal-clad|||
V04-R07E1|Current|(2005-    )|Single-sided|||
V04-R07E2|Current|(2005-    )|Double-sided|||
V04-R07F|Current|(2005-    )|Constructional details|||
V04-R07L|Current|(1992-    )|Material||Insulating materials per se are covered by X12-E codes.|LC polymer, epoxy glass laminate, thermoplastic resin, poly/aryl) ether, ceramic, epoxy resin, phenol resin, alumina, berrylia, glass-coated alumina, unsaturated polyester resin and glass or synthetic fibre, steel, steatite, aluminium nitride sintered
V04-R07P|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacturing|||
V04-R07P1|Current|(1992-    )|Laminating metal foil to substrate||Selective lamination of metal to form tracks is in V04-R02. See V04-R07P5 for adhesion aids such as materials or arrangements for improving adhesion between a copper foil/layer and the substrate. See note for V04-R02G.|
V04-R07P1A|Current|(1992-    )|Applying protective coatings||Includes for e.g. treatment to prevent oxidation of metal foils.|
V04-R07P2|Current|(2005-    )|Manufacturing metal foil||Includes manufacture of metal foil which will subsequently be laminated on insulating substrate.|
V04-R07P3|Current|(1992-    )|Laminating layers of multilayer pcb|||
V04-R07P4|Current|(2005-    )|Depositing (un-patterned) metal layer||Includes depositing (un-patterned) metal layer directly onto substrate.|
V04-R07P5|Current|(2005-    )|Adhesion aids||Includes arrangements or materials for improving adhesion between a conductor foil or layer and substrate. Materials related to additives incorporated within the conductive material (see also V04-R02P) and additives incorporated within a substrate material (see also V04-R07L). If the adhesion aid is particularly for either a track or metal foil/layer use either this code or V04-R02G, respectively. For general cases, use both codes.|
V04-R07P6|Current|(2007-    )|Insulating layers of multilayer PCB||Includes application of insulating layers in manufacture of multilayer substrates|
V04-R08|Current|(1987-    )|Drilling holes or vias|V04-R09||Drilling, punching, through-holes, through-vias, blind vias, buried vias
V04-R09|Current||Other printed circuit manufacture||Includes static electricity neutralising; PCB holder/support etc.|
V04-R10|Current|(1987-    )|Mask registration|V04-R09||
V04-R11|Current|(1992-    )|CAD of wiring layout, component placement, etc.|V04-R09|See also T01-J15A2. Also includes general layout design.|
V04-R12|Current|(1992-    )|PCB exposure|V04-R09|Includes all non-etching resist exposure methods and apparatus. See V04-R01B for etching resist exposure. For lamp details see X26 codes.|
V04-R13|Current|(1992-    )|Blanking, shearing, and cutting|V04-R09||
V04-R14|Current|(1992-    )|Multistep processes|V04-R09|This code is used when several well-defined steps are claimed.|
V04-R15|Current|(1992-    )|Materials recovery; recycling|||
V04-R15A|Current|(1992-    )|Etchant|V04-R01||
V04-R15B|Current|(1992-    )|Conductive material|V04-R02||
V04-R16|Current|(1992-    )|Decontamination of wastes; disposal|V04-R09||
V04-R17|Current|(1992-    )|Board conveying and handling between processing stages|V04-R09||
V04-R19|Current|(2005-    )|EMI/RFI shielding tracks mfr.||Covers RFI/EMI shielding tracks mfr. See V04-U for general shielding.|
V04-R20|Current|(2007-    )|Overstress indicators||Includes arrangements used to highlight areas of PCB with dangerously high stress levels. See also S02-F codes for mechanical stress and S03-B codes for thermal stress measurements.|
V04-S|Old|(1980-2005)|Casings, cabinets and drawer||Includes casings for electronic equipment like computers, A-V apparatus, etc. Electrical equipment such as microwave ovens, etc are not included here. For insulating materials (see X12-E codes, too) designated for general electronic equipment or apparatus, see V04-S codes for records prior to 1997. From 1997 onwards, see V04-X01B codes.|Housing, cases, covers, bases, panels, castors, handle, lifting eye, adjustable feet, ventilation slots, louvres
V04-S|Current|(2006-    )|Electronic equipment casing/cabinet, and drawers||Includes casings for electronic equipment like computers, A-V apparatus, etc. Electrical equipment such as microwave ovens, etc are not included here. For insulating materials (see X12-E codes, too) designated for general electronic equipment or apparatus, see V04-S codes for records prior to 1997. From 1997 onwards, see V04-X01B codes.|Housing, cases, covers, bases, panels, castors, handle, lifting eye, adjustable feet, ventilation slots, louvres
V04-S01|Current||Metal and hermetically sealed casings|||
V04-S01A|Current|(1987-    )|Hermetically sealed casings||Encapsulation of PCBs is in V04-R03 only and component encapsulation is coded in relevant code for the component e.g. resistors in V01.|Encapsulants, seals, epoxy resin
V04-S01C|Current|(2005-    )|Metal casing with insulative coating|||
V04-S02|Current|(1987-    )|Insulating material casing|V04-R09||Polyphenylene oxide flame retardant, ABS, plastics
V04-S02A|Current|(1992-    )|Sealed or encapsulated|||
V04-S02B|Current|(2005-    )|Insulating casing with conductive coating|||
V04-S03|Current|(1992-    )|Battery holder/compartment associated with electrical/electronic equipment|V04-R09|See also X16-F06.|
V04-S04|Current|(2005-    )|Conductive (non-metallic) material casing|||
V04-S09|Current||Casings, cabinets and drawers - other||Includes casings of indeterminate material.|Brackets, clips, vibration dampers, nameplate details
V04-S10|Current|(2002-    )|Manufacture|||
V04-S15|Current|(2002-    )|Materials|||
V04-S20|Current|(2005-    )|Transparent casing|||
V04-S22|Current|(2005-    )|Fire-proof casing|||
V04-S23|New|(2017-    )|Waterproof casing||Includes casings which are waterproof.|Waterproof
V04-S30|Current|(2007-    )|Mechanical details||Includes e.g. inserts, hinges, handles, locks|
V04-T|Current||General constructional details of electronic apparatus||This code is used only for electronic equipment such as computers, A-V apparatus, etc. Electrical equipment such as microwave ovens are not included here.|
V04-T01|Current||Arrangements of components and wiring||See also V04-V02 for wiring harnesses. Termination of wire harnesses is in V04-P11.|Panel mounting, breadboards
V04-T01A|Current|(1992-    )|Wiring|||Grommets, wire harness, ties, cable sleeve/marker, wire embedding, wire tie tools, cable trough, duct, trunking, busbar
V04-T01C|Current|(1992-    )|Components|||Component (de)mounting tool
V04-T01C1|Current|(2002-    )|Modular components|||
V04-T02|Current||Mounting supporting structure in casing or on rack; rack construction||See also V04-Q02 for PCB in association with other components, and W01-B20 for telephone distribution frame.|Circuit modules, frames, supports, PCB (de)mounting tools, PCB or panel spacer elements, back panel interconnections, mother/daughter board arrangements, card ejector, divider, guides, chassis runner, locating strip
V04-T03|Current||Cooling/heating arrangements||Includes cooling of electronic apparatus, systems and devices. Individual component cooling is also coded in relevant classes, e.g. for ICs, see U11-D02 codes.|
V04-T03A|Current|(1983-    )|Heat sinks, radiative cooling|||Heat conducting plates
V04-T03B|Current|(1983-    )|With forced circulation|||
V04-T03B1|Current|(2002-    )|Using fans|||
V04-T03B2|Current|(2002-    )|Using pumps/compressors; refrigeration|||
V04-T03B3|Current|(2002-    )|Cryogenic cooling|||
V04-T03C|Current|(2002-    )|Thermoelectric cooling|||Heat pumps, cooling, Peltier, electrocaloric effect, thin film perovskite PZT
V04-T03F|Current|(2005-    )|Mems-based cooling|||
V04-T03G|Current|(2005-    )|Hybrid cooling|||
V04-T03H|Current|(2002-    )|Heat pipes|||
V04-T03J|Current|(2002-    )|Heating arrangements|||
V04-T03K|Current|(2002-    )|Air filtering/cleaning|||
V04-T03L|Current|(2002-    )|Dehumidifiers|||
V04-T03P|Current|(2002-    )|Materials||Includes thermal materials and adhesives.|
V04-T03Q|Current|(2002-    )|Manufacture; testing; monitoring|||
V04-T03X|Current|(2007-    )|Other cooling aspects||Includes cooling aspects not covered elsewhere e.g. involving the use of electro-caloric effects, heat sink mounts, etc.|
V04-T04|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid electrical/optical board arrangements|||
V04-U|Current||Electric and magnetic screening||Normally includes screening arrangements for an individual equipment and the room containing the equipment. See S01-G08B5 also for screened rooms for electrical equipment testing. For individual measuring instrument screening, see S01-J02 also. For suppressing the emission of interference from an equipment by means of a specific constructional feature of the equipment, see also W02-H01E.|EM shielding, EMI, RFI
V04-U01|Current|(1992-    )|Material|||
V04-U01A|Current|(1992-    )|Superconducting materials||See also X12-D06B and U14-F01 for superconducting materials per se.|
V04-U02|Current|(1992-    )|Faraday cage||Includes arrangements for a room, or whole appts.|
V04-U03|Current|(1992-    )|EMI-proof casings||See also V04-S codes.|
V04-U04|Current|(2007-    )|EMI-proofing elements||Includes elements such as gaskets, panels (see V04-U03 too, if the panel is part of a casing), etc.|
V04-U15|Current|(2002-    )|Manufacture|||
V04-U20|Current|(2002-    )|EMC testing|||
V04-U21|Current|(2011-    )|Electrostatic protection casing||Includes electronic device protection from electrostatic effect|
V04-V|Current||General circuit manufacture||(1) Excludes PCB and its manufacturing from 1992 onwards. Please search relevant V04-R codes.|
V04-V01|Current||Feeding, orienting, mounting components|||Robot assembler, automatic component insertion, positioning components, pick-and-place machine
V04-V01A|Current|(1987-    )|Component magazine or bandolier||For ICs, see also U11-F.|Cassettes, carrier tapes
V04-V02|Current||Wiring||Includes manual and machine wiring. See also V04-T01.|Harness manufacture, automatic wiring, looms, wire tie tools
V04-V02A|Current|(1983-    )|Shaping component leads, cutting|V04-V09||Bending-, trimming-, clinching-, forming-leads
V04-V09|Current||Other general circuit manufacture||Includes component value changing tool and general circuit testing.|Testing circuit, monitoring
V04-X|Current||Miscellaneous|||Component marking
V04-X01|Current|(1997-    )|General electronic components packaging, materials, cleaning, manufacture and disposal|||
V04-X01A|Current|(1997-    )|Containers, packaging|||Storage, shipping, transportation
V04-X01B|Current|(1997-    )|Materials||For insulating materials (see also X12-E codes) designated for general electronic equipment or apparatus, prior to 1997 see V04-S codes.|
V04-X01B1|Current|(2005-    )|Nanomaterials||Includes nanomaterials or nanoparticles for general electronic applications.|
V04-X01C|Current|(1997-    )|Materials recovery and recycling||Includes material recovery and recycling of general electronic components.|
V04-X01D|Current|(1997-    )|Cleaning|||
V04-X01E|Current|(2002-    )|Drying|||
V04-X01F|Current|(2005-    )|Manufacture and testing||Includes general electronic components manufacture and testing.|
V04-X01G|Current|(2005-    )|Wastes decontamination and disposal||Includes decontamination and disposal of general electronic components.|
V05|Current||Valves, discharge tubes and CRTs||Notes: (1) All aspects of discharge tubes for lighting (including manufacture) are covered by X26 and are not included in V05. (2) Manufacturing aspects of devices are normally only coded in V05-L. However, where important novelty or increased information can be conveyed by inclusion in device codes also, this is done. For example, manufacture of internal ribs specifically for an alternating current plasma display panel is coded in V05-L05A1, V05-L03A1 and V05-A01A3B. (3) In sections where separate codes for tube details are not included or are insufficient, codes from the general section (V05-M) should be used in conjunction with a device code.(4) From 199201 onwards, new codes were introduced to represent tube types which can be used whether the whole tube or just a component part is claimed. These codes can be applied if the particular tube type is specified and thus should be regarded as a means of limiting a search only, since the precise nature of a tube may be unspecified or unimportant in cases of wider application.|
V05-A|Current||Gas-filled tubes||Does not include plasma processing tubes - see V05-F05 codes. Prior to 199201, use V05-M in conjunction with V05-A codes for full coverage.|
V05-A01|Current||Plasma display panels and tubes||V05-A01A codes are used to describe the display type in conjunction with codes from V05-A01B to V05-A01G, which describe novel features.|Flat panel, matrix, seven-segment, plasma, vessel, housing, electrodes, filling
V05-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type of display|||
V05-A01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Segment type display tube||Prior to 2005, tubes limited to displaying characters only in matrix form were covered by V05-A01A3C.|
V05-A01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Plasma Display Panel||Includes display panels that directly emit the colour of the plasma discharge, as well as panels that use UV emission in order to excite a phosphor. Also includes plasma display panels of unspecified driving voltage type.|
V05-A01A3A|Current|(1992-    )|DC display||Includes Self-scan(r) display panel with sequential discharge transfer.|
V05-A01A3B|Current|(1992-    )|AC display|||
V05-A01A3C|Retired|(1992-2004)|For character display only*||*This code is now discontinued but covered display panels for alphanumeric data only, i.e. where not all points on screen can be addressed. From 2005, this code is no longer used. See V05-A01A9 for other plasma display types.|
V05-A01A3D|Retired|(1992-2004)|For character and graphics display*||*This code is now discontinued. Covers display with all points addressable. From 2005, this code is no longer used. See V05-A01A9 for other plasma display types.|
V05-A01A5|Retired|(1992-2004)|Multicolour display*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005, this code is no longer used. See V05-A01A9 for other plasma display types.|
V05-A01A5A|Retired|(1992-2004)|Full colour display*||*This code is now discontinued. Covers display capable of full colour range with primary colours. From 2005, this code is no longer used. See V05-A01A9 for other plasma display types.|
V05-A01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Combined technology displays e.g. Plasma-addressed LCD||Covers displays where gas discharge is not the sole display mechanism, for example in combination with electroluminescent elements, LCD addressing, FED pixels etc. See also U14-K01A2C for plasma addressed LCD.|
V05-A01A7A|Retired|(1992-2004)|Using phosphor directly excited by discharge*||*This code is now discontinued. It is assumed that almost all plasma display panels operate using UV emission from the gas discharge in order to excite a phosphor, and thus are just coded in appropriate V05-A01A3 codes.|
V05-A01A7B|Current|(1992-    )|Using plasma as source of electrons|||
V05-A01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type of display - other|||
V05-A01B|Current|(1992-    )|Light emitting arrangements; phosphors|||
V05-A01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Gas filling|||
V05-A01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Gas filling additives||Includes additives to modify display colour or prolong life.|
V05-A01B1C|Current|(1992-    )|With several separate gases||Covers display with gas filling differing between cells, e.g. to display different colours.|
V05-A01B3|Current|(2005-    )|Phosphor compositions|V05-M01A|Includes manufacture of phosphor compositions. For coating of phosphors in plasma displays, see V05-L02 codes. Prior to 2005, coded in V05-M01A.|
V05-A01B5|Current|(2005-    )|Phosphor arrangements|V05-A01B|Prior to 2005 coded in V05-A01B.|
V05-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode assemblies||Covers details of electrode construction including materials, supports, insulating coatings, and layout. Lead-in conductors are covered by V05-A01D5.|
V05-A01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Anodes|||
V05-A01C2|Current|(1992-    )|Trigger electrodes||From 2002 the scope of this code is expanded to allow the inclusion of discharge maintaining or holding electrodes.|Control electrode, bus/address electrodes
V05-A01C2A|Current|(2002-    )|Discharge triggering electrodes||Covers electrodes specifically intended to initiate gas discharge.|
V05-A01C2C|Current|(2002-    )|Discharge maintaining electrodes||Covers electrodes specifically intended to maintain an existing gas discharge.|Holding electrode
V05-A01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Cathodes|||
V05-A01C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Heated cathode|||Hot cathode
V05-A01C4|Current|(1992-    )|Microfabricated electrodes||Covers electrodes produced by semiconductor device manufacturing techniques, (not screen printing).|
V05-A01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode supports|||
V05-A01C7|Current|(1992-    )|Dielectric coatings||Includes protective overcoats for electrode insulating layers.|
V05-A01D|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels, spacers, cell construction||Includes novel shape or size of cells. Screens and filters not forming part of the vessel are covered by V05-A01F codes.|
V05-A01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels per se||Covers materials and construction of front and back panels and sealing arrangements.|Casing, housing, front plate, back plate, glass
V05-A01D1A|Current|(1992-    )|Seals||Covers seals for main body of vessel and for lead-ins. Internal seals are covered by V05-A01D3A.|Frit
V05-A01D1C|Current|(1992-    )|Conductive coating||Covers coating e.g. for screening purposes. Electrodes are covered by V05-A01C codes.|
V05-A01D1E|Current|(1992-    )|Optical coatings||Includes anti-glare coating. External filters (i.e. as part of a display module) are covered by V05-A01F1.|
V05-A01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Internal spacing elements and seals||Includes rib structures.|Cell spacers
V05-A01D3A|Current|(1992-    )|Internal seals||Covers seals between separate parts of vessel. Main vessel seals are covered by V05-A01D1A.|
V05-A01D5|Current|(1992-    )|Lead-in conductors|||
V05-A01D7|Current|(1992-    )|Mounting of integral drive circuitry||Covers circuitry structurally associated with display. Actual circuit details are covered by V05-A01G and, in general, W03-A08D.|
V05-A01E|Current|(1992-    )|Complete novel display device||This code is used when a complete novel display device is claimed without specific reference to a particular feature.|
V05-A01F|Current|(1992-    )|Module aspects||Includes display device per se (not necessarily novel), with e.g. external filters, housing, and drive electronics. (Circuitry per se is covered by V05-A01G codes). Filters formed as coatings on the discharge vessel are covered by V05-A01D1 codes.|
V05-A01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Optical filter|||
V05-A01F3|Current|(1992-    )|Housing, screening||Includes shielding.|
V05-A01F5|Current|(1992-    )|Drive circuitry PCB mounting; connectors||Mounting of circuitry integral with display itself is covered by V05-A01D7.|
V05-A01G|Current|(1992-    )|Drive circuitry (circuit details)||Includes circuitry which may be either integral with the display or external to it. Also includes driving methods. See also W03-A08D.|
V05-A01G1|Current|(1992-    )|Integral with display|||
V05-A01H|Current|(2006-    )|Tube cooling||Note that this only applies to cooling systems used to remove heat from the tube envelope. Drive circuitry cooling is not included per se, but may be included in V05-A01F3 or V05-A01F5 codes where relevant housing or PCB mounting details are required. Prior to 2006, coded in V05-M07 codes.|
V05-A03|Current|(1992-    )|Gas filled switching tubes|V05-A09|Details of switching tubes are covered by V05-A07 codes. See X13-A04H also for power switching tubes. Electronic switching in general is covered by U21-B codes.|Thyratron, cold cathode tube, TR tube
V05-A05|Current|(1992-    )|Gas filled circuit protection devices|V05-A09|For device details see V05-A07 codes. Covers devices designed to limit excess voltage. See also U24-F02 and X13-C03 for low and high power over-voltage limiting in general, and also under application e.g. W01-C08A for telephone systems protection.|
V05-A07|Current|(1992-    )|Details of gas-filled tubes|V05-M|Codes in this section relate to devices in V05-A03, V05-A05, and V05-A09 codes.|
V05-A07A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes|V05-M03||
V05-A07A1|Current|(1992-    )|Anodes|||
V05-A07A3|Current|(1992-    )|Cathodes|||
V05-A07A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Heated cathodes|||Hot, thermionic
V05-A07A5|Current|(1992-    )|Grids, control electrodes|||Trigger
V05-A07B|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels, seals, lead-ins|V05-M05||
V05-A07C|Current|(1992-    )|Gas filling|V05-M09||
V05-A07G|Current|(1992-    )|Complete novel device||This code is used when the complete device as a whole is claimed, without specific reference to a particular feature.|
V05-A09|Current||Gas-filled tubes - other|||
V05-B|Current||Classical vacuum tubes and cold cathode devices|||
V05-B01|Current|(1992-    )|Classical thermionic vacuum tubes||Gas-filled tubes are covered by V05-A codes, transit time tubes by V05-C codes. See X13-A04H also for power types. V05-B01A codes are used to indicate the type of device without regard to novelty, which is indicated by V05-B01B codes.|
V05-B01A|Current|(1992-    )|Tube type|||
V05-B01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Diode|||
V05-B01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Triode|||
V05-B01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Tetrode|||
V05-B01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Pentode|||
V05-B01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Thermionic tube - other|||
V05-B01B|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details (novel)|V05-M||
V05-B01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Cathodes|V05-M02||
V05-B01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Heater elements|V05-M02||
V05-B01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Grids|V05-M03||
V05-B01B3A|Current|(1992-    )|Control grid|V05-M03||
V05-B01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Anodes|V05-M03||
V05-B01B6|Current|(1992-    )|Cooling|V05-M09||
V05-B01B6A|Current|(1992-    )|Forced air|V05-M09||
V05-B01B6B|Current|(1992-    )|Liquid|V05-M09||
V05-B01B6C|Current|(1992-    )|Vapour|V05-M09||
V05-B01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels, lead in conductors|V05-M05||
V05-B01B8|Current|(1992-    )|Complete novel tube|||
V05-B01B9|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details (novel) - other|||
V05-B03|Current|(1992-    )|Cold cathode tubes||Covers tubes of similar construction to those of V05-B01. Microminiature cold cathode devices are covered by V05-B05 codes.|
V05-B03B|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details (novel)|V05-M05||
V05-B03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Cathodes|||
V05-B03B1A|Current|(1997-    )|Current limiting arrangements|V05-B03B1||
V05-B03B3|Current|(1992-    )|Grids|||
V05-B03B5|Current|(1992-    )|Anodes|||
V05-B03B7|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels, lead in conductors|||
V05-B03B8|Current|(1992-    )|Complete novel tube|||
V05-B03B9|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details (novel) - other|||
V05-B05|Current|(1992-    )|Microminiature cold cathode devices||Codes in this section cover devices with analogous operation to those in V05-B03 but formed using semiconductor device fabrication techniques. See U11 codes for mfr. aspects (in addition to V05-L codes) and U12-B03D also for devices per se. Field emission electrodes using semiconductor fabrication techniques of general application and not forming part of a complete microfabricated device are coded in V05-M03A1. Microfabricated field emitters for cathode ray tubes are coded in V05-D05C5 codes, and for plasma display panels, in V05-A01C4.|
V05-B05A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by nature of device||Codes in this section describe the nature of the device and do not necessarily indicate novel features, which are represented by the additional use of V05-B05B codes (see note in V05 class notes).|
V05-B05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by number of electrodes|||
V05-B05A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Diode|||
V05-B05A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Triode|||Three-electrode, three terminal, controlled device
V05-B05A1X|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by number of electrodes - other|||
V05-B05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by configuration||Codes in this section are used alone or in combination as appropriate.|
V05-B05A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Single device|||
V05-B05A3B|Current|(1992-    )|Array of devices|||
V05-B05A3C|Current|(1992-    )|For integration with solid state semiconductor device||Covers incorporation with e.g. monolithic or film-type integrated circuit.|
V05-B05A3E|Current|(1992-    )|For combination with other vacuum conduction devices|||
V05-B05A3X|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by configuration - other||Includes cold cathode heat pumps and analogous devices.|
V05-B05A5|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by emitting element||Also coded in V05-B05B3 when emitting element per se is novel.|Field emission
V05-B05A5A|Current|(1992-    )|PN junction||Includes 'hot electron' emitting device, i.e. element imparting acceleration to electrons before field emission process.|
V05-B05A5B|Current|(1992-    )|Film electrode|||
V05-B05A5C|Current|(2006-    )|Carbon nanotube|||CNT, nanohorn
V05-B05A5X|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by emitting element - other|||
V05-B05A8|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by semiconductor or other substrate||Codes in this section are applied to describe the type of substrate only. When the substrate is the novel aspect V05-B05B1 is also assigned. For inventions with unspecified semiconductor substrate V05-B05A8 is assigned. If the substrate is stated to be of dielectric material V05-B05A8X is assigned. For cases where no details of the substrate are disclosed, V05-B05A8 codes are not assigned.|
V05-B05A8A|Current|(1992-    )|III - V compounds|||Gallium arsenide
V05-B05A8C|Current|(1992-    )|II - VI compounds|||
V05-B05A8E|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by silicon substrate|||
V05-B05A8X|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate - other||Includes dielectric material substrates.|
V05-B05B|Current|(1992-    )|Device details (novel)||Codes in this section are only applied to indicate novel features.|
V05-B05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate||Use with V05-B05A8 codes to discriminate type of substrate.|
V05-B05B3|Current|(1992-    )|Emitting element i.e. cold cathode||Use with V05-B05A5 codes to discriminate type of emitter.|
V05-B05B5|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes (non-emitting electrodes) - other||Emitting electrodes are covered by V05-B05B3.|
V05-B05B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Control electrodes||Covers 'grid' control electrodes.|
V05-B05B5B|Current|(1992-    )|Collector electrode||Covers 'anode' electrodes.|
V05-B05B5X|Current|(1992-    )|Non-emitting electrodes - other|||
V05-B05B7|Current|(1992-    )|Housing, interconnections, integral circuitry|||
V05-B05B7A|Current|(1992-    )|Housing, encapsulation|||
V05-B05B7B|Current|(1992-    )|Interconnections|||
V05-B05B7C|Current|(1992-    )|Connections to external circuitry|||
V05-B05B7D|Current|(1992-    )|Integral circuitry||Covers circuitry for driving, interfacing etc.|
V05-B05B8|Current|(1992-    )|Complete novel device||This code takes precedence over other V05-B05B (i.e. novel feature) codes and is used in conjunction with V05-B05A codes to describe device type when the complete device is claimed as novel.|
V05-B05B9|Current|(1992-    )|Novel details - other|||
V05-C|Current||Transit-time tubes|||
V05-C01|Current||Tube types||Codes in this section e.g. V05-C01A are used when the tube as a complete device is claimed, otherwise the subdivision 'details' codes e.g. V05-C01A1 (introduced from 199201) are assigned together with appropriate codes from the 'details' (V05-C02) section. Prior to 199201, V05-C02 codes were used alone if only details of a tube were claimed.|
V05-C01A|Current|(1983-    )|Magnetrons||Does not cover appts. for magnetron sputtering or other workpiece processing, which is covered by V05-F05 codes, especially V05-F05C3A.|Multi-cavity
V05-C01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details||Search with V05-C02 codes for novel details of tube.|
V05-C01B|Current|(1983-    )|Travelling-wave tubes|||TWT, crossed-field tube, forward wave, backward wave, parametric, BWO
V05-C01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details||Search with V05-C02 codes for novel details of tube.|
V05-C01C|Current|(1987-    )|Klystrons|V05-C01X||Reflex, interaction, beam, stream
V05-C01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details||Search with V05-C02 codes for novel details of tube.|
V05-C01D|Current|(1992-    )|Gyrotron|V05-C01X|For quasi optical types see V08-B also. Includes gyro-klystron devices.|
V05-C01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details||Search with V05-C02 codes for novel details of tube.|
V05-C01E|Current|(2006-    )|Inductive output tubes||Prior to 2006, coded in V05-C01X|IOT
V05-C01E1|Current|(2006-    )|Tube details||Search with V05-C02 codes for novel details of tube.|
V05-C01X|Current|(1983-    )|Tube types - other|||Multipactor
V05-C02|Current||General constructional details||To link to a particular type of tube use appropriate 'tube details' code from V05-C01 section.|
V05-C02A|Current|(1983-    )|Electrodes, screens, magnetic control|||
V05-C02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Anodes||See V05-C02C1 codes also when combined function as anode and resonator is significant. Note that slow-wave structures per se are treated as a distributed element, but for manufacture, as an electrode. (See note for V05-C02C3A).|Collector
V05-C02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Cathodes|||Thermionic, dispenser
V05-C02A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Heaters|||
V05-C02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Electron guns||Includes grid electrodes, and electrostatic focusing and beam path control. (Use V05-C02A7 codes for magnetic control of these functions).|
V05-C02A7|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic control|||Magnet, electromagnet, coil, winding, solenoid
V05-C02A7A|Current|(1992-    )|Focusing||Focusing by electrodes is covered by V05-C02A5.|
V05-C02A7C|Current|(1992-    )|Influencing beam path|||Magnetron
V05-C02A9|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes, screens, magnetic control - other||Includes screens.|
V05-C02B|Current|(1983-    )|Vessels, lead-ins, seals, RFI suppression||Suppression of RFI other than by lead filtering is covered by V05-C02C codes. V05-C02B codes include cooling and coupling arrangements.|Housing, heat sink, window, filter, RFI suppressor
V05-C02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels|||
V05-C02B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Seals|||
V05-C02B1C|Current|(1992-    )|Coupling windows||Covers part of vessel enabling transfer of RF energy. See V05-C02C5 for waveguide coupling arrangement.|
V05-C02B3|Current|(1992-    )|Lead-ins|||
V05-C02B3A|Current|(1992-    )|Lead-in filters||Includes filter devices preventing radiation of RF energy from e.g. heater power supply terminals, also assigned W02-H01 (RFI suppression at source in general). See U25-E02 codes also for details of filters per se. RFI suppression by internal means is covered by V05-C02C7.|Radio frequency interference, choke, feedthrough, capacitor, condenser
V05-C02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Cooling||See V05-M07 codes for cooling of tubes in general.|Heatsink, radiate, air, fan, blower, pump, fluid, liquid, vapour
V05-C02C|Current|(1983-    )|Distributed elements||Includes resonators, delays, etc. See W02-A codes for distributed-constant elements not forming part of tube. (These elements are not assigned W02-A codes when part of a tube, unless wider application is suggested).|
V05-C02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Resonator structures|||Cavity
V05-C02C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Single resonator|||
V05-C02C1B|Current|(1992-    )|Multiple resonator|||Interconnection, multicavity
V05-C02C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Tunable resonator||Includes mechanically- and electrically-tuneable structures.|
V05-C02C3|Current|(1992-    )|Delay elements|||
V05-C02C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Slow wave structures||Manufacture of slow wave structure is covered by V05-L01B7, i.e. for manufacturing purposes only, it is regarded as an electrode.|Helix
V05-C02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Distributed coupling||Includes e.g. waveguide structure for coupling to tube. Window structures forming part of vessel are covered by V05-C02B1C.|
V05-C02C7|Current|(1992-    )|RFI and harmonic suppression||W02-H01, general code for RFI suppression at source, is not applied for arrangements internal to the tube per se. External filtering of lead-ins is covered by V05-C02B3A.|Damping
V05-C03|Current|(1992-    )|Circuitry specific to transit time tubes||Codes in this section are only used for specific circuitry taking into account device characteristics, and where provision does not exist elsewhere. In general, see under application, e.g. W02-G01 codes for transmitters, U23-A02 for oscillators, U24-G04D for amplifiers, etc.|
V05-C03A|Current|(1992-    )|Power supplies|||HT, LT, anode supply, heater supply
V05-C03C|Current|(1992-    )|Control of tube operation|||Output control, oscillation, pulse, magnet current
V05-D|Current||Cathode-ray tubes; electron beam tubes||This section relates to CRTs and similar tubes, chiefly for displays or for imaging purposes - video cameras for example. Tubes for beam processing of workpieces, electron microscopes etc. are not included and are covered by V05-F codes.|
V05-D01|Current||Image display tubes|||TV, VDU, VDT, video terminal, projection
V05-D01A|Current|(1992-    )|Complete novel tube||This code is used with other V05-D01 codes indicating type.|
V05-D01B|Current|(1992-    )|Cathode ray tubes||Includes unspecified CRT display types.|Braun tube
V05-D01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Single electron gun tubes|||
V05-D01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Monochrome tube|||
V05-D01B1C|Current|(1992-    )|Beam penetration tube|||
V05-D01B1D|Current|(1992-    )|Single gun multibeam tube||Includes tubes analogous to Trinitron(r) capable of colour display.|Aperture grill
V05-D01B1E|Current|(1992-    )|Flood gun tube||Includes tube with e.g. three primary colour areas on screen usable as multicolour pixel in large display.|
V05-D01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Multiple electron gun tubes||This code is used if 'shadow mask CRT' specified with no indication of gun type.|
V05-D01B3A|Current|(1992-    )|In-line gun tube|||
V05-D01B3B|Current|(1992-    )|Delta gun tube|||Triad
V05-D01B3C|Current|(1992-    )|Matrix configuration multiple gun tube||Covers tube with large number of electron beams, e.g. 'matrix drive with deflection' type. Prior to 2005 included field emission display matrices, now coded in V05-D06A codes.|
V05-D01B3D|Current|(1992-    )|composite' tube with separate tube necks||Covers tube with e.g. three separate neck sections each with gun system, e.g. for large display area.|
V05-D01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Flat CRT||Includes tubes with electron gun not perpendicular to screen surface. Does not cover flat panel matrix-gun tubes, which are covered by V05-D01B3C.|
V05-D01B6|Current|(1992-    )|Beam index colour CRT|||
V05-D01B9|Current|(1992-    )|CRT type - other|||
V05-D01C|Current|(1992-    )|Vacuum fluorescent display tubes|||
V05-D01C1|Current|(1992-    )|For displaying character only||Includes seven segment type display.|
V05-D01C3|Current|(2002-    )|Field emission displays||Includes displays with field emission cathodes. For novel details of cold cathodes per se, see also V05-D05C5 codes. For novel emitter arrangements, see also V05-D06A codes.|Cold cathode, surface emission, surface emission electron conduction display, SED, FED
V05-D01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Dot matrix display|||
V05-D02|Current||Image pick-up tubes|||TV camera tube, vidicon, plumbicon
V05-D02A|Current|(1992-    )|Complete novel tube|||
V05-D02B|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details||Use with V05-D05 to V05-D09 codes as appropriate.|
V05-D03|Current||Image converters and intensifiers||Tubes for night vision equipment are assigned W07-G codes also.|Streak tube, x-ray imaging tube, infrared imaging tube
V05-D03A|Current|(1992-    )|Complete novel tube||For cases where particular detail of tube is the novel aspect, this code is not used. Search V05-D03B to V05-D03E with V05-D05 to V05-D09 codes as appropriate.|
V05-D03B|Current|(1992-    )|Tubes with optical output||Covers tubes acting as both converters and intensifiers, which may be viewed directly, photographed, or used to generate visible image for another image pick-up device.|
V05-D03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Tube with non-light input||Includes image converters.|
V05-D03B1A|Current|(1992-    )|For X-rays|||Radiography
V05-D03B3|Current|(1992-    )|Tubes with non-visible light input||Includes tube converting IR image to visible light output. Video cameras sensitive to IR are coded in W04-M01E1 codes.|Thermal imaging camera
V05-D03B5|Current|(1992-    )|Tube with low level visible light input||Includes image intensifier.|
V05-D03C|Current|(1992-    )|Tubes with electrical output||Covers camera tubes sensitive to radiation other than visible light. (Electrical output/visible light input tubes are covered by V05-D02 codes).|
V05-D03E|Current|(1992-    )|Tubes for scientific analysis||Includes streak tube. See also appropriate codes in S02 or S03, e.g. S02-H, S03-A codes etc.|
V05-D03H|Current|(1992-    )|Operating circuitry||Includes e.g. power supplies for scanning and non-video arrangements. See W04-M01 codes for video camera circuitry and W07-G codes for night vision equipment.|
V05-D04|Current||Tubes - other|||
V05-D04A|Current|(1992-    )|Complete novel tube|||
V05-D04B|Current|(1992-    )|Tube details||Use with V05-D05 to V05-D09 codes as appropriate.|
V05-D05|Current||Electrodes, screens|||
V05-D05A|Current||Photoelectric and charge-storage screens|||Target, photoconductive screen, photovoltaic screen
V05-D05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Photoelectric screen|||Photocathode
V05-D05A3|Current|(2005-    )|Semiconductor diode arrays|V05-D05A5A|Includes e.g. Laser diode CRT screens. Prior to 2005, coded in V05-D05A5A.|Laser CRT
V05-D05A5|Current|(1992-    )|Charge storage screen|||
V05-D05A5A|Retired|(1992-2004)|Screen with array of semiconductor diodes*||*This code is now discontinued. See V05-D05A3.|
V05-D05B|Current||Luminescent screens||See V05-M01 also for compositions.|Phosphor screen, fluorescent material, aluminium coating, black matrix, dot, triad, stripe
V05-D05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Phosphor compositions||Includes manufacture of phosphor materials per se. Also coded in V05-M01A if suitable for screens in general. (Prior to 199201, search V05-D05B and V05-M01).|Activator, host, killer, phosphorous, oxide, persistence
V05-D05B3|Current|(1992-    )|Single phosphor screen|||Monochrome
V05-D05B5|Current|(1992-    )|Multiple phosphor screen||Covers screens for display of more than one colour.|RGB, red, green, blue
V05-D05B5A|Current|(1992-    )|With phosphor arranged in dots of different colours|||
V05-D05B5B|Current|(1992-    )|With phosphors arranged in stripes of different colour|||
V05-D05B5C|Current|(1992-    )|With overlaid different colour phosphors||Includes screen for beam penetration type CRT. Also coded in V05-D01B1C.|
V05-D05B7|Current|(1992-    )|Non-phosphor aspects of screen||Covers non-luminous components of screen.|Binder, vehicle, black matrix
V05-D05B7A|Current|(1992-    )|Protective metallic coatings||Covers metallic coatings applied over screen phosphors for protection.|Aluminum
V05-D05C|Current|(1987-    )|Cathodes|||Coating, emission
V05-D05C1|Current|(1992-    )|Thermionic cathode||See V05-M02 codes for thermionic cathodes in general.|
V05-D05C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Thermionic cathode composition||Includes composition of coatings.|Barium, scandium, strontium, thorium
V05-D05C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Heater element|||Tungsten
V05-D05C5|Current|(1992-    )|Cold cathode||For field emission cathode arrays search with V05-D01B3C.|Field emission, FED, SED
V05-D05C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Microminiature cold cathodes||Covers e.g. carbon nanotube emitters. Also covers cold cathodes formed on semiconductor substrate. See V05-M03A1 and U12-B03D for such structures in general, and V05-B05 codes for complete microminiature devices.|
V05-D05C5C|Current|(1997-    )|Current limiting arrangements|V05-D05C5|Includes ballast resistors.|
V05-D05D|Current|(1987-    )|Shadow masks|||Colour selection electrode, aperture mask, slot mask, foil mask, tensed-steel mask
V05-D05D1|Current|(1992-    )|Mask construction|||
V05-D05D1A|Current|(1992-    )|Details of apertures|||
V05-D05D1C|Current|(1992-    )|Shape of mask||This code is used to describe novel shape of the mask as a whole and not apertures, which are covered by V05-D05D1A.|
V05-D05D3|Current|(1992-    )|Mask material||Covers material compositions of mask per se and also coatings.|Nickel, steel
V05-D05D5|Current|(1992-    )|Mask mounting details||Also coded in V05-D07A3 if vessel aspects involved.|Frame
V05-D05D5A|Current|(1992-    )|For removal and alignment during exposure||Actual exposure process using colour selection electrode as a lithographic mask is covered by V05-L02E3.|
V05-D05E|Current|(1992-    )|Internal shield|||
V05-D05E1|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic shield|||
V05-D05F|Current|(1992-    )|Fluorescent or field emission display screen electrodes||Includes field emission display screen anodes. Also includes beam index electrodes (search with V05-D01B6) and fluorescent screen tube anodes.|
V05-D05X|Current||Electrode or screen details - other|||
V05-D06|Current||Beam generating and controlling arrangements||Electron-optical arrangements in general are covered by V05-M04 codes.|
V05-D06A|Current||Electron guns, controlling beam cross-section or aberration, focusing arrangements|||Grid, anode, electrode assembly, electrode supports, colour purity, convergence adjustment, electron lens, apertured disc
V05-D06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Electron gun type|||
V05-D06A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Single gun||Also coded in appropriate V05-D01B1 code.|
V05-D06A1B|Current|(1992-    )|In-line multiple gun||Also coded in V05-D01B3A.|
V05-D06A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Delta multiple gun||Also coded in V05-D01B3B.|
V05-D06A1E|Current|(1992-    )|Matrix of electron guns or field emission devices||See also V05-D01B3C for CRT matrices. See V05-D01C3 for FED matrices. Prior to 2005, coded in V05-D01B3C.|Matrix drive with deflection
V05-D06A1F|Current|(2005-    )|Field emission device||Includes novel complete emitter, gate and anode structure.|
V05-D06A2|Current|(1992-    )|Beam intensity control||Includes grid/gate electrodes stimulating field emission.|Acceleration electrode
V05-D06A3|Current|(1992-    )|Focusing|||Lens electrodes, quadrupole
V05-D06A5|Current|(1992-    )|Beam cross-section and aberration correction|||Halo correction
V05-D06A7|Current|(1992-    )|Components associated with electron gun||Includes resistive potential divider structurally associated with gun. Current limiting arrangements associated with field emission cathodes are coded in V05-D05C5C only.|
V05-D06B|Current||Beam deflection arrangements||See also V02-F01A for inductive deflection components, and T04-H01 or W03-A08A1 codes as appropriate.|Horizontal, vertical, coil assembly
V05-D06B1|Current|(1992-    )|Electromagnetic deflection||Includes convergence coils, also coded in W03-A08A5A.|
V05-D06B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Deflection yoke assembly||Includes manufacture of deflection yokes. Also coded in V02-F01A and W03-A08A1B unless TV receiver displays are specifically excluded. Note, convergence coils are covered by V05-D06B1.|
V05-D06B5|Current|(1992-    )|Electrostatic deflection|||X-plates, Y-plates
V05-D06B5A|Current|(1992-    )|With electrodes on tube surface||Also coded in V05-D07B3A. Includes e.g. deflection electrodes for image pick-up tube (also coded in V05-D02B).|
V05-D06C|Current|(1992-    )|Post-deflection arrangements|||Post deflection anode, PDA, post-acceleration
V05-D06E|Current|(1992-    )|Electron-multiplier arrangements||For electron multipliers in general, see V05-K01 codes. See V05-L01A5A for manufacture. (Prior to 199201 search V05-D06X and V05-K).|MCP, Microchannel plate
V05-D06X|Current||Beam generating and controlling arrangements - other|||Afterglow-preventing electron gun blocker, Internal beam reflecting surface
V05-D07|Current|(1987-    )|Vessels, seals, cooling, combined optical arrangements etc.|||
V05-D07A|Current|(1987-    )|Vessels, seals, tension band|||
V05-D07A1|Current|(1992-    )|Tension band||Includes e.g. attaching mechanism of t-band to envelope.|Anti-implosion band, t-band, reinforcing, adhesive tape
V05-D07A3|Current|(1992-    )|Internal electrode supports|||
V05-D07A5|Current|(1992-    )|Vessel per se|||Glass panel, funnel, neck
V05-D07A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Shape||Covers novel shape or contour e.g. for particular aspect ratio display.|
V05-D07A5C|Current|(1992-    )|Composition|||
V05-D07A5E|Current|(1997-    )|Spacers|V05-D07A5|Covers internal spacers used to support vessel against atmospheric pressure. See V05-L03A1 for spacer mfr.|
V05-D07A7|Current|(1992-    )|Seals for vessel|||
V05-D07A7A|Current|(1992-    )|Vessel seal compositions|||
V05-D07B|Current|(1987-    )|Lead-ins, screening and antistatic coatings|||
V05-D07B1|Current|(1992-    )|Lead-in conductors|||Connecting pins
V05-D07B3|Current|(1992-    )|Antistatic, magnetic and EM shielding coatings||Includes conductive coatings in general, where coating function or location (internal/external) is not disclosed or is irrelevant.|Discharge preventing coating, conductive coating, touchscreen, front panel RFI filter
V05-D07B3A|Current|(1992-    )|Internal coating|||
V05-D07B3C|Current|(1992-    )|External coating|||
V05-D07B3E|Current|(2005-    )|Em shielding coatings|V05-D07B3||X-ray, EMI
V05-D07B3M|Current|(2005-    )|Magnetic coatings|V05-D07B3||
V05-D07B3S|Current|(2005-    )|Antistatic coatings|V05-D07B3||
V05-D07B5|Current|(1992-    )|Separate screening device||Includes detachable radiation screen placed over tube faceplate, for e.g. EM radiation prevention. For detachable optical filters see V05-D07C5E. V05-D07B3 takes precedence over this code if 'screening device' is mentioned without further detail.|
V05-D07C|Current||Cooling, optical arrangements structurally combined with vessel|||
V05-D07C1|Current|(1992-    )|Tube cooling||For projection TV tube use W04-Q01A also.|Liquid, fluid, faceplate, conduct
V05-D07C3|Current|(1992-    )|Optical layer on tube surface||Includes filters for e.g. antireflective purposes. For detachable types see V05-D07C5E which takes precedence if 'filter' only is mentioned.|Antiglare, faceplate
V05-D07C3A|Current|(1997-    )|Internal optical layer|V05-D07C3||
V05-D07C3C|Current|(1997-    )|External optical layer|V05-D07C3||
V05-D07C5|Current|(1992-    )|Associated optics||Codes in this section cover optical arrangements which are not part of the tube per se.|
V05-D07C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Lens||Includes lens assembly for e.g. projection TV (also coded in W04-Q01A and W04-Q01E).|
V05-D07C5C|Current|(1992-    )|Fibre optics|||OFT, FOT, optical fibre tube
V05-D07C5E|Current|(1992-    )|Detachable optical filter||Includes anti-reflective filters. This code takes precedence over V05-D07C3 (filter layer on tube surface) if 'optical filter' only is mentioned without further detail.|
V05-D07E|Current|(1992-    )|Getters|||
V05-D08|Current|(1992-    )|Associated devices and circuitry||Codes in this section deal with ancillary apparatus but not detachable conductive and optical filters which are coded in V05-D07B5 and V05-D07C5E respectively. See also relevant equipment codes in e.g. T04 or W03.|
V05-D08A|Current|(1992-    )|Degaussing system||Degaussing/demagnetising in general is covered by V02-D, which is also assigned here. Covers cancelling arrangements for terrestrial magnetism.|
V05-D08A1|Current|(1992-    )|Circuitry||Includes power supply, current control, etc. For use of thermistors to cause current decay search with V01-A02A7C.|
V05-D08A5|Current|(1992-    )|Coil|||
V05-D08B|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation preventing coil||Covers arrangements to cancel radiated fields from e.g. deflection system.|
V05-D08C|Current|(1992-    )|Connectors||See also appropriate code in V04.|
V05-D08C1|Current|(1992-    )|For final anode|||EHT connection, anode cap, HV, anode button
V05-D08C5|Current|(1992-    )|For tube base||Also coded in V04-K.|CRT Rose
V05-D08E|Current|(1992-    )|External shield enclosure for CRT||Includes external shields which can protect against effects either leaving or entering the body of the CRT other than through the faceplate. Shielding for electrical equipment in general is covered by V04-U codes.|
V05-D09|Current||Cathode-ray tubes; electron beam tubes - other||Includes ion traps.|
V05-D10|Current|(2005-    )|Field emission and fluorescent display drive circuitry||Includes drive circuitry integral with vacuum tube. Note that drive circuitry for Cathode Ray Tubes is not included in V05, and should be searched in appropriate T04/W03 classes.|
V05-E|Current||X-ray/Extreme UV tubes and techniques (general); ion beam tubes||Ion beam tubes for processing workpieces are not included -see V05-F05 codes, e.g. V05-F05A7C.|
V05-E01|Current|(1980-    )|Electron beam target-impact X-ray tubes and generators||Covers X-ray generators where operation is by impingement of electron beam on target. See V05-L05E for X-ray tube mfr.|Medical therapy/diagnostic source, lithography/materials processing source
V05-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|Anode electrode per se||See V05-L01B3 for manufacture.|
V05-E01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Material composition|||
V05-E01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Of separate active target part|||
V05-E01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Shape and construction|||
V05-E01A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Of separate target section|||
V05-E01B|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary anode system||Does not include details of anode electrode per se, which are covered by V05-E01A codes.|
V05-E01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Bearings, support shaft|||
V05-E01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Bearings|||
V05-E01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary drive system|||
V05-E01B3A|Current|(1992-    )|With separate motor drive|||
V05-E01B3C|Current|(1992-    )|With anode assembly forming part of motor|||
V05-E01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Anode cooling system||For non-rotary anode cooling see V05-E01F.|
V05-E01C|Current|(1992-    )|Cathodes||Includes cathode supports.|
V05-E01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Heater|||
V05-E01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Separate heating arrangement||Includes use of e.g. laser beam to heat thermionic cathode.|
V05-E01C7|Current|(2006-    )|Cold cathode||Note that prior to 2006, cold cathode electron emitters for X-ray generators were coded in V05-E01C combined with V05-M03A codes.|Field emission, FE
V05-E01C7A|Current|(2006-    )|Carbon nanotube based||Includes all microminiature semiconductor or nanotechnology-based field emitters. Prior to 2006, coded in V05-E01C and V05-M03A1.|CNT, nanotube, carbon nanofibre
V05-E01D|Current|(1992-    )|Electron guns and other electrodes|||
V05-E01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Electron gun||Includes all X-ray tube electron-optical systems.|
V05-E01E|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels, lead-ins, seals|||
V05-E01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Vessel construction|||
V05-E01E1A|Current|(1992-    )|X-ray windows|||
V05-E01E3|Current|(1992-    )|Seals|||
V05-E01E5|Current|(1992-    )|Lead-in conductors|||
V05-E01F|Current|(1992-    )|Cooling system||See V05-E01B5 for cooling of rotary anode.|
V05-E01H|Current|(1992-    )|X-ray tube type||Codes in this section are used to indicate the type of tube only, irrespective of novel features which are indicated by other V05-E01 codes.|
V05-E01H1|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary anode tube|||
V05-E01H1A|Current|(2006-    )|Multiple rotary anode tube|||
V05-E01H3|Current|(1992-    )|Fixed anode tube|||
V05-E01H5|Current|(1992-    )|Tube employing electron gun|||
V05-E01H5A|Current|(1992-    )|With circular electron beam path||Synchrotron X-ray generators are not included - see V05-E03A.|
V05-E01H7|Current|(1992-    )|Tube for 'flash' operation|||Pulse operation
V05-E01H9|Current|(1992-    )|Target-impact type tube - other||Includes liquid metal target-impact tubes. For non-electron beam target-impact tubes (e.g. laser T-I), see V05-E03.|Gallium
V05-E01X|Current|(1992-    )|X-ray tube details - other|||
V05-E02|Current||Controlling or protecting X-ray appts.||See also S05-A03 and S05-D02A for medical therapy and diagnostic appts. respectively.|
V05-E02A|Current|(1992-    )|Power supply for X-ray equipment||See U24-D and X12-J codes for power supplies in general.|
V05-E02C|Current|(1992-    )|Output control; tube protection||Includes setting desired current/time exposure.|Exposure time control, dose control, measurement, monitoring
V05-E02C1|Current|(1992-    )|For flash operation|||Pulse operation
V05-E02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Incorporating protection features|||
V05-E02C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Protection of tube per se||Includes monitoring excess current or temperature.|Measurement, monitoring
V05-E02C5C|Current|(1992-    )|Limiting output level||Includes control based on e.g. radiation dosage. See also S05-A03 and S05-D02A3 codes for medical applications.|Dose control
V05-E03|Current|(1992-    )|Non-standard X-ray generators||For tube details, see also V05-M codes.|
V05-E03A|Current|(1992-    )|Synchrotron||See also X14-G02.|
V05-E03B|Current|(2006-    )|Laser target impact sources||Prior to 2006, coded in V05-E03.|
V05-E03C|Current|(2006-    )|X-ray laser sources||Includes tubes which produce coherent, monochromatic X-ray radiation. See also V08-B02. Prior to 2006, coded in V05-E03.|
V05-E04|Old|(2005-2005)|Details of non-standard X-ray generators||For application to lithography systems, see also V05-F08C1 and V05-F05 codes. See also relevant V05-M codes for novelty not included below. Prior to 2006, coded in V05-E03.|
V05-E04|Current|(2006-    )|Laser plasma X-ray/EUV sources||For application to lithography systems, see also V05-F08C1 and V05-F05 codes. See also relevant V05-M codes for novelty not included below. Prior to 2005, coded in V05-E03. In 2005, V05-E04 covered all details of non-standard X-ray generators, but from 2006 V05-E04 specifically covers details of Laser plasma X-ray/EUV sources used in non-standard X-ray generators. Other details of non-standard X-ray generators are coded in V05-E03.|
V05-E04A|Current|(2005-    )|Gas filling - includes gas compositions||Includes gas compositions.|
V05-E04B|Current|(2005-    )|Ionising arrangements|||
V05-E05|Current|(1992-    )|Ion beam tubes and devices||Tubes for processing objects are covered by V05-F codes.|Penning ion source, plasma imploding device, surface ionisation, photo-ionisation tube
V05-E05A|Current|(1992-    )|For propulsive effect||Includes ion thruster for e.g. satellite (also coded in W06-B03A).|Gas bottle, orient, pitch, yaw, turn, spacecraft
V05-E06|Current|(2005-    )|Neutron sources and devices|V05-E09|Prior to 200501 neutron sources were coded in V05-E09.|
V05-E08|Current|(1992-    )|X-ray 'optical' elements||Includes EUV and X-ray lithography masks. See also U11-C04H2 and V05-F05 codes.|
V05-E08A|Current|(2005-    )|Optical manipulation of X-rays||This code is intended to be used with X-ray optical elements that use wave effects or similar to alter e.g. the focus or direction of the radiation.|Molybdenum layered mirror, capillary optics, Kumakhov lens
V05-E08C|Current|(2005-    )|Absorption, blocking or anti-scatter X-ray optics||E.g. anti-scatter apparatus, grids and passive (i.e. non-"optical") collimators.|
V05-E09|Current||X-ray tubes and techniques (general); ion beam tubes - other|||
V05-E10|Current|(2006-    )|Complete novel source||See also V05-E01, E03, E04, E05 or E06 for individual tube/source where relevant.|
V05-F|Current||Tubes for processing/examining objects||This section deals with tubes and analogous devices for processing workpieces (including semiconductor devices) and for examining objects. From 199201, V05-F02 and V05-F03 codes are no longer used and the subject matter previously coded there has been reallocated. V05-F is divided into four main sections.|
V05-F01|Current||Microscopes and other analysing tubes||See S03-E06B1 also for microscopes. (Optical microscopes per se are coded in S02-J04B1, and see S03-E04R for microscopy).|Photon microscope, Transmission/scanning electron microscope, SEM, secondary emission detection, focusing deflection, electron/ion-optical system
V05-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Device type|||
V05-F01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Electron microscope||Includes electron diffraction tube.|
V05-F01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission|||TEM
V05-F01A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Scanning|||SEM
V05-F01A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Combined transmission and scanning|||STEM
V05-F01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Ion microscope||Includes ion diffraction tube.|
V05-F01A3|Current|(1992-    )|X-ray microscope|V05-E09, V05-F09|X-ray source details are covered by V05-E01 or V05-E03 codes and not V05-F04 codes.|
V05-F01A4|Current|(1992-    )|Microanalysers|V05-F09||Spot analyser
V05-F01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Tunnel current and analogous devices||Includes tunnel current microscopes and similar devices, e.g. atomic, magnetic force microscopes. For materials investigation see also S03-E02F codes and V05-F08B. For image-producing analysis search with S03-E02F codes and V05-F08A.|
V05-F01A6|Current|(2011-    )|X-ray spectrometer|||
V05-F01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Devices - other|||
V05-F01B|Current|(1992-    )|Novel details|||
V05-F01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Complete device||This code is only used if the analysis device is presented as a completely novel piece of equipment. For cases where actual novelty can not be determined, V05-F01B codes will not be assigned.|
V05-F01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Device details||For specific features see also V05-F04 codes.|
V05-F01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Circuitry and operation of device||Includes power supplies (see appropriate U24 or X12 codes for power supplies in general).|
V05-F01B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Control|||
V05-F01B9|Current|(1992-    )|Novel details - other||Includes cleaning and maintenance of analysing equipment.|
V05-F02|Retired|(1980-1991)|Electron- or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of object*||*This code is now discontinued and from 1992 this subject matter is transferred to V05-F05A codes (device details now covered by V05-F04 codes). V05-F02 remains valid and searchable for records prior to 1992.|Electron beam cutting/welding/lithography patterning/inscribing/marking/focusing, deflection, electron/ion-optical system
V05-F03|Retired|(1980-1991)|Arrangements of electrodes*||*This code is now discontinued and from 1992 this subject matter is transferred to V05-F04B codes and appropriate codes from V05-F04A and V05-F04C sections. V05-F03 remains valid and searchable for records prior to 1992.|Accelerating system, electron gun, electrostatic beam position/cross-section/intensity control electrodes
V05-F04|Current|(1992-    )|Analysis and processing device details||Codes in this section are used with V05-F01 or V05-F05 codes as appropriate, for details of analysis and processing devices respectively.|
V05-F04A|Current|(1992-    )|Emission source||Codes in this section relate to electron or ion sources. X-ray sources (including those for X-ray microscopes) are coded in V05-E01 or V05-E03 codes.|
V05-F04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Thermionic emitter|||Cathode, oxide, coated
V05-F04A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Heated by non-electric means||Includes laser heating|
V05-F04A3|Current|(1992-    )|Field emission electrodes|||Cold cathode
V05-F04A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Microfabricated field emission electrodes||Includes electrodes produced by semiconductor manufacturing techniques. See V05-M03A1 for microfabricated electrodes in general, and V05-B05 codes for complete microfabricated vacuum conduction devices.|
V05-F04A3C|Current|(1997-    )|Current limiting arrangements|V05-F04A3||
V05-F04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Ion source|||
V05-F04A5A|Current|(1992-    )|With gas supply|||
V05-F04A9|Current|(1992-    )|Emission sources - other|||
V05-F04B|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes and electrode systems|V05-F03|Covers all non-emitting electrodes. Electrodes are also assigned V05-F04C codes when electron/ion optical aspect is significant.|Electron gun
V05-F04B1|Current|(1992-    )|For beam modulation|||Grid, blanking
V05-F04B1A|Current|(1997-    )|Apertures|V05-F04B1||Etching mask, electron beam lithography
V05-F04B3|Current|(1992-    )|For beam scanning||Only includes beam scanning arrangements inside e.g. electron gun structure. For post gun scanning/deflection arrangements see V05-F04C5.|X-Y, raster, deflection
V05-F04B5|Current|(1992-    )|For gas discharge type appts.||Use with V05-F05C codes.|Etching, coating, sputtering
V05-F04B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Anodes|||
V05-F04B5C|Current|(1992-    )|Cathodes|||Sputtering target
V05-F04B6|Current|(1992-    )|Probe electrodes|||
V05-F04B6A|Current|(1997-    )|Tunnel device probe or cantilever|V05-F04B6|See also S03-E02F codes and V05-F01A5.|Tunnel current, AFM, SPM, STM
V05-F04B8|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode positioning|||
V05-F04B8A|Current|(1992-    )|Dynamic positioning system||Includes X-Y positioning system and scanning arrangement for tunnel current device.|AFM, SPM, STM
V05-F04B9|Current|(1992-    )|Electrode details - other|||
V05-F04C|Current|(1992-    )|Electron/ion-optical systems|V05-F03, V05-M04|Where electron gun electrodes are significant V05-F04B1 or V05-F04B3 codes are also applied.|
V05-F04C1|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type of system|||
V05-F04C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic, electromagnetic||See appropriate V02 codes for details of permanent magnets, electromagnets, coils, etc.|EM
V05-F04C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Combined electromagnetic and electrostatic|||EM-ES
V05-F04C1E|Current|(1992-    )|Electrostatic|||ES
V05-F04C3|Current|(1992-    )|For focusing||Includes arrangements to correct for beam aberrations such as coma, astigmatism etc.|
V05-F04C5|Current|(1992-    )|For deflection|||X-Y, raster
V05-F04C7|Current|(1992-    )|For particle selection||Includes selection of desired ion species. Particle spectrometers are coded in V05-J.|
V05-F04C8|Current|(2005-    )|For confinement|||
V05-F04D|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels, seals, vacuum locks|V05-F09, V05-M05||
V05-F04D1|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels and seals|V05-F09|Includes material compositions of vessels and seals, vessel shape, etc.|
V05-F04D3|Current|(1992-    )|Vacuum locks, specimen/workpiece introduction|V05-F09, V05-M05|Includes evacuation apparatus.|
V05-F04D3A|Current|(1992-    )|Arrangements for introducing specimen or workpiece|V05-F09, V05-M05|Includes e.g. carriage arrangements introducing specimen or workpiece into analysis or processing chamber. Actual holder is covered by V05-F04G. For semiconductor wafer applications search with U11-F02A1 also.|Window, viewport
V05-F04E|Current|(1992-    )|Gas filling|V05-F09|Includes compositions. (Chiefly for gas fillings used in plasma apparatus and similar, also coded in V05-F05 codes).|
V05-F04G|Current|(1992-    )|Specimen/workpiece holder||Covers holder per se. For semiconductor wafer application search with U11-F02A2. Carriage and drive arrangements for introducing specimen or workpiece into equipment are covered by V05-F04D3A.|
V05-F04H|Current|(1992-    )|Detectors||Includes optical types, secondary electron detectors, etc. (Systems forming an image are covered by V05-F04J). Also includes detectors used to monitor progress of an operation, e.g. etching (with V05-F08E1).|
V05-F04H1|Current|(2005-    )|Scanning probe or cantilever displacement detection||Includes detectors for all tunnel current and analogous scanning probe type microscopy techniques. See also S02-A03B for optical techniques, and S03 codes.|
V05-F04J|Current|(1992-    )|Imaging and display systems||Includes photographic, stimulable sheet recording, video systems and any other novel aspect of analysis equipment image presentation.|Microscope, microanalyser, screen, CRT, raster, scan, synchronise
V05-F04K|Current|(1992-    )|Cooling|V05-F09, V05-M09|Includes cooling for the apparatus itself, and also for specimens and workpieces.|
V05-F04L|Current|(1997-    )|Antennae and waveguides|V05-F04X|E.g. for ICP reactor (See also V05-F05C1 codes).|
V05-F04M|Current|(2007-    )|Vibration reduction, control and compensation|||
V05-F04X|Current|(1992-    )|Process/analysis device details - other||Includes device heating and shielding.|Heater, deposition-limiting shield
V05-F05|Current|(1992-    )|Tubes and devices for processing|V05-F02, V05-F09|Processing tubes and devices are also assigned codes based on application. For example, search with U11-C codes for relevance to semiconductor device fabrication, X25-A04 for cathodic sputtering, X25-Q02 for surface treatment in metallurgy, etc.|
V05-F05A|Current|(1992-    )|Using beams||Prior to 199201 the code for localised treatment by beam equipment (V05-F02) was only used for focused beams. Flood effect devices were coded in V05-F09.|
V05-F05A1|Current|(1992-    )|With focused beam|V05-F02||Scan, raster, X-Y, focus, local
V05-F05A3|Current|(2005-    )|With multiple beams||Includes e.g. field emission arrays for one-shot electron beam lithography or atomic resolution storage.|
V05-F05A5|Current|(1992-    )|With flood effect beam|V05-F09||
V05-F05A7|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by beam type|V05-F02, V05-F09|Codes in this section are applied as appropriate either in conjunction with other V05-F05A codes, or alone.|
V05-F05A7A|Current|(1992-    )|Electron beam|||
V05-F05A7C|Current|(1992-    )|Ion beam|||
V05-F05A7X|Current|(1992-    )|Beam type - other||Includes use of X-ray and Extreme UV (EUV). X-ray/EUV sources per se are not coded in the V05-F04A section and are covered by V05-E01 or V05-E03 codes.|EUV
V05-F05C|Current|(1992-    )|Using plasma, gas filled tubes|V05-F09|See X14-F codes also for general aspects of plasma technique.|Discharge, arc, glow
V05-F05C1|Current|(1992-    )|With externally applied ionising energy|V05-F09|Includes all ionising arrangements located outside tube envelope. For conductive RF coupling internal to the tube, see V05-F05C2.|
V05-F05C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Microwave|V05-F09||RF, feed, waveguide, port, matching, stub, impedance
V05-F05C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Optical|V05-F09||Laser, UV, lamp, irradiate
V05-F05C1E|Current|(1997-    )|Inductively coupled|V05-F05C||
V05-F05C1G|Current|(1997-    )|Capacitively coupled|V05-F05C||
V05-F05C2|Current|(2006-    )|With internally applied ionising energy||Includes e.g. conductive RF coupling. Prior to 2006, coded in V05-F05C.|RF, discharge, arc
V05-F05C3|Current|(1992-    )|With confinement or manipulation of plasma|V05-F09|Includes electromagnetic and other confinement systems.|ECR, electron cyclotron resonance
V05-F05C3A|Current|(1992-    )|With magnetron effect|V05-F09|Equipment using magnetron discharge is not coded in V05-C01A.|
V05-F05D|Old|(2005-2005)|Using tunnelling effects||Includes all analogous techniques, e.g. AFM. See V05-F08C codes for lithography or recording techniques.|
V05-F05D|Current|(2005-    )|Using scanning probe/tunnelling effects||Includes all analogous techniques, e.g. AFM. See V05-F08C codes for lithography or recording techniques.|
V05-F05E|Current|(1992-    )|Novel details of processing devices||Codes in this section describe in a general sense the novel aspects of equipment covered by V05-F05A and V05-F05C codes.|
V05-F05E1|Current|(1992-    )|Complete device|V05-F09|This code is only assigned if the complete device is presented as novel. In cases where the precise novel aspect cannot be determined, no V05-F05E code will be assigned.|
V05-F05E3|Current|(1992-    )|Device details||For detailed information on novel aspects search with V05-F04 codes.|
V05-F05E5|Current|(1992-    )|Circuitry and operation of device||Includes power supplies. See also U24 and X12 codes for low and high power supplies respectively.|
V05-F05E5A|Current|(1992-    )|Control and monitoring||Includes control circuits to determine completion of e.g. etching or coating. (Search with V05-F08D1 or V05-F08E1 respectively).|
V05-F05E9|Current|(1992-    )|Novel details - other||Includes all cleaning and maintenance of equipment.|
V05-F05X|Current|(1992-    )|Processing tubes - other|||
V05-F08|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment function||These codes relate to the actual function of the inventive equipment, and not necessarily its primary function. Thus an electron microscope arrangement to measure voltage would be assigned V05-F08B and not V05-F08A (V05-F01A1 codes and S01-D01D7 would also be assigned).|
V05-F08A|Current|(1992-    )|Imaging||In general, S03-E06B codes are also assigned for this aspect.|
V05-F08B|Current|(1992-    )|Measurement||Includes measurement of voltage (see also e.g. S01-D01D7), dimensions (see also S02-A05A), and properties of materials (see also e.g. S03-E06 codes).|
V05-F08C|Current|(1992-    )|Recording, storage|||
V05-F08C1|Current|(1992-    )|Lithography||Also assigned U11-C04 codes where application is to semiconductor device lithography.|Semiconductor, wafer, image, pattern
V05-F08C3|Current|(1992-    )|Recording||See also T03-C codes for dynamic recording and U14-A codes for static stores.|Memory, store, high density
V05-F08D|Current|(1992-    )|Coating, implanting ions, surface treatment|||
V05-F08D1|Current|(1992-    )|Coating|||Surface, layer, coat, deposition
V05-F08D1A|Current|(1992-    )|Sputtering|||Cathodic, magnetron
V05-F08D3|Current|(1992-    )|Ion implantation||Also assigned U11-C02B codes where application is to semiconductor device manufacture.|Doping
V05-F08D5|Current|(1992-    )|Surface treatment|||Hardening, nitriding
V05-F08E|Current|(1992-    )|Removing material, cutting, machining, cleaning||Includes cleaning of specimen/workpiece, or e.g. resist ashing.|Ashing, stripping
V05-F08E1|Current|(1992-    )|Etching||See also U11-C07 codes for application to semiconductor device fabrication.|
V05-F08E3|Current|(1992-    )|Cutting||Includes welding - also coded in X24-D02.|
V05-F08E5|Current|(1992-    )|Machining/milling|||
V05-F08F|Current|(2005-    )|Molecular decomposition and fluid processing||Includes fuel processing, e.g. PlasmatronTM.|
V05-F08G|Current|(2005-    )|Powder synthesis||Includes e.g. nanoparticulate production.|
V05-F08X|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment function - other|||
V05-F09|Current||Tubes for processing/examining objects - other|||
V05-G|Current|(1980-    )|Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving gas ionisation; photomultiplier tubes||See also V05-K01 codes where electron multiplier arrangements of PMT are novel.|PMT, PM, photomultiplier
V05-G01|Current|(2005-    )|Photocathodes||Includes all novel photocathode materials, constructions etc. See also V05-D02/D03 codes for application to camera tubes/image converters or intensifiers.|
V05-H|Current||Radiation and particle detectors||Includes only radiation or particle detectors where incident radiation causes gas ionisation detected via breakdown voltage. See also S03-G codes.|Geiger-muller tube, Geiger counter, proportional counter tube, multi-wire proportional counters
V05-J|Current||Particle spectrometer or separator tubes; lenard tubes||See S03-E10A codes for more details of mass spectrometers.|Mass analyser, mass spectrometry, mass spectroscopy, static, dynamic, time-of-flight, energy spectrometer
V05-J01|Current|(1992-    )|Particle spectrometer/separator tubes||V05-M codes are also assigned where aspect not covered in V05-J.|
V05-J01A|Current|(1992-    )|Spectrometer type|||Static, dynamic, quadrupole, time-of-flight, TOF
V05-J01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Mass spectrometers|||Secondary ion mass spectrometer, SIMS
V05-J01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Energy spectrometers|||
V05-J01C|Current|(1992-    )|Sample introduction arrangement||Includes sample carriers. For vacuum locks search with V05-M05D codes.|Chamber, pressure, atomising, sample injection
V05-J01E|Current|(1992-    )|Ionising arrangement|||Ionisation chamber, ion gun
V05-J01G|Current|(1992-    )|Ion-optical system||V05-M04 codes are also assigned.|Electrode, electromagnetic, solenoid, current, deflection, beam, path
V05-J01J|Current|(1992-    )|Detection system|||
V05-J01K|Current|(1992-    )|Interface with other equipment||Includes combination with e.g. chromatography apparatus, for which S03-E09C codes are also assigned.|
V05-J01M|Current|(1992-    )|Control and monitoring||Includes operation of device.|
V05-J01X|Current|(1992-    )|Particle spectrometer/separator tubes - other|||
V05-J05|Current|(1992-    )|Lenard tubes||Covers tubes emitting electrons or ions through the vessel. For details of window structures search with V05-M05E.|
V05-K|Current||Thermionic generators; secondary-emission tubes; electron multipliers; ion pumps; etc.|||
V05-K01|Current|(1992-    )|Electron multiplier||For image intensifier application see V05-D03 codes also. Night vision equipment in general is coded in W07-G.|PMT, PM, photomultiplier
V05-K01A|Current|(1997-    )|Microchannel plates|V05-K01||
V05-K01C|Current|(1997-    )|Dynodes|V05-K01||
V05-K01X|Current|(1997-    )|Electron multipliers - other|V05-K01||
V05-K03|Current|(1997-    )|Ionisation pressure gauges|V05-K|For novel aspects of gauges (e.g. cathodes), see V05-M codes. Pressure gauges in general are coded in S02-F04D1.|Penning
V05-L|Current||Discharge tube manufacture||See note (1) of V05 class descriptor.|
V05-L01|Current||Electrodes|||
V05-L01A|Current|(1992-    )|Emitting electrodes|||Electrodes, emission
V05-L01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Thermionic cathodes|||Tungsten, thorium, oxide, carbide, carburising, hydrocarbon, heating, cylinder, mesh, grille, grid
V05-L01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Heaters|||Indirectly heated cathode
V05-L01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Cold cathodes|||Field emission electrode
V05-L01A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Micro-fabricated cold cathodes||Also coded in V05-L05B5 when application is to complete vacuum conduction device. Includes use of semiconductor manufacturing techniques, see U11-C18B also for semiconductor manufacturing details.|
V05-L01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Secondary emission electrodes|||
V05-L01A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Electron multiplier||Also coded in V05-L05K.|
V05-L01A5B|Current|(1992-    )|Photoelectric|||
V05-L01A5X|Current|(1992-    )|Other radiation-induced emission|||
V05-L01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Other emitting electrodes|||
V05-L01B|Current|(1992-    )|Non-emitting electrodes|||
V05-L01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Grids||Includes FED gate electrodes.|
V05-L01B2|Current|(1997-    )|Tunnelling device probe manufacture|V05-L01B9|See also V05-F04B6A. For tunnel current device manufacture, see V05-L05F1A. For novel device see V05-F01A5.|Cantilever
V05-L01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Anodes||Includes FED screen electrodes. For FED gate electrodes, see V05-L01B1.|
V05-L01B4|Current|(1992-    )|Electron guns, electron-optical systems||Includes assembly of the electrode system. Mounting of assembly in vessel is covered by V05-L03C1.|
V05-L01B4A|Current|(1992-    )|For deflection|||
V05-L01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Shadow masks||Also coded in V05-L05D1.|
V05-L01B6|Current|(2005-    )|Plasma display panel electrodes|||
V05-L01B6A|Current|(2006-    )|Dielectric coatings||Includes manufacture of protective coatings for electrode insulating layers.|
V05-L01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Slow wave devices||Also coded in V05-L05C. (Slow wave devices per se are coded as transit time tube distributed elements).|
V05-L01B8|Current|(1992-    )|Screen electrodes||Covers e.g. beam index CRT screen electrodes. For FED screen anodes, see only V05-L01B3. Manufacture of image screens is covered by V05-L02 codes.|
V05-L01B9|Current|(1992-    )|Other non-emitting electrodes|||
V05-L02|Current||Screens||Codes in this section cover the manufacture of screens for producing an image from, e.g. electron impact, and for converting an optical image into an electrical signal.|Image, pick-up, latent, electrostatic, discharge, scan, target, photoconductive, photovoltaic, display, light, fluorescent, phosphor, persistence
V05-L02A|Current|(1992-    )|Screen type||Codes indicating screen type are only used where a code cannot be assigned from the V05-L05 section or from the codes relating to the screen application tube per se. For example, if application to a specific tube type is not mentioned, or if the screen is stated to be applicable to several types of tube.|
V05-L02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation-sensitive screen|||
V05-L02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation-emitting screen|||
V05-L02B|Current|(1992-    )|Substrate preparation||Includes washing, acid rinsing etc.|
V05-L02C|Current|(1992-    )|Coating processes||See X25 codes for electrical aspects of coating processes.|
V05-L02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Liquid deposition by e.g. spraying|||Spin coating
V05-L02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical method e.g. electrophoresis|||
V05-L02C7|Retired|(1992-2004)|Material deposited*||*This code is now discontinued. See V05-L02M codes for general screen material types. V05-L02C7 codes are used to describe the material being deposited in conjunction with a code relating to the actual deposition process. Codes in this section are not used if the material is unspecified or a complete manufacturing process is described.|
V05-L02C7A|Retired|(1992-2004)|Visible radiation emitting material*||*This code is now discontinued but prior to 2005 included e.g. use of phosphor in the case of a display tube, such as CRT. From 2005 see V05-L02M1.|Luminescent
V05-L02C7B|Retired|(1992-2004)|Radiation-sensitive material*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 see V05-L02M2.|
V05-L02C7C|Retired|(1992-2004)|Auxiliary materials*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2005 see V05-L02M3. Includes deposition of specific materials.|Black matrix
V05-L02D|Current|(2005-    )|Baking processes|||
V05-L02E|Current|(1992-    )|Exposure and development|||
V05-L02E1|Current|(1992-    )|Exposure processes|||
V05-L02E1A|Current|(1992-    )|Multistep sequence of exposure and development||This code takes precedence over separate codes for exposure and development stages of screen manufacturing process.|
V05-L02E3|Current|(1992-    )|Using tube component as mask||Includes use of CRT shadow mask. For details of shadow mask per se see V05-D05D codes.|
V05-L02E5|Current|(1992-    )|Exposure apparatus e.g. lighthouse|||
V05-L02E5A|Current|(1992-    )|Optical system||Includes lenses, filters, etc.|
V05-L02E5C|Current|(1992-    )|Light source||See X26 codes for details of novel lamps etc.|Bulb, discharge lamp, UV
V05-L02E7|Current|(1992-    )|Development||V05-L02E1A takes precedence for combined exposure and development.|
V05-L02E8|Current|(1992-    )|Control of exposure method or apparatus||Includes general control aspects and also control of light source, sequential operation, etc.|Monitor, check, registration, time, duration
V05-L02F|Current|(1992-    )|Application of protective or other layers||Includes metallisation of screen internal surface.|Antireflective, aluminium
V05-L02H|Current|(1992-    )|Testing and inspection of screen||Testing of manufacturing process/apparatus in general is covered by V05-L07E codes. See appropriate codes in S03, e.g. S03-E04F2, for optical inspection of manufactured screen.|Pattern, defect, flaw, reject
V05-L02H1|Current|(1992-    )|During manufacture|||
V05-L02H5|Current|(1992-    )|Finished screen|||
V05-L02M|Current|(2005-    )|Screen material being processed|||
V05-L02M1|Current|(2005-    )|Visible radiation emitting material||E.g. phosphor.|
V05-L02M2|Current|(2005-    )|Radiation sensitive materials|||
V05-L02M3|Current|(2005-    )|Auxiliary materials||Includes e.g. black matrix.|
V05-L03|Current||Vessels, lead-ins, exhausting, filling|||
V05-L03A|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of vessels, spacers, ribs, lead-ins etc.|||
V05-L03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of internal ribs and spacing elements|||Spacer
V05-L03A3|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of electrode supports|||
V05-L03A5|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of lead-in conductors|||
V05-L03A7|Current|(2005-    )|Manufacturing of vessel per se|V05-L03A|Includes glass moulding, baking, toughening etc.|
V05-L03B|Current|(1992-    )|Applying coatings or markings||Manufacturing of coating materials per se is not treated as tube manufacture; see appropriate devices codes where relevant.|Reflection prevention
V05-L03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Conductive|||Antistatic, graphite
V05-L03B3|Current|(1992-    )|Optical||This code does not relate to screen manufacture, which is covered by V05-L02 codes, but to coatings acting as e.g. filters.|Anti-reflective, anti-glare
V05-L03B5|Current|(1992-    )|Marking||Covers application of manufacturer's and product name etc., and also markings such as bar codes used for inventory or control purposes.|
V05-L03C|Current|(1992-    )|Assembly||Covers assembly of tube from individual components and joining vessel parts.|
V05-L03C1|Current|(1992-    )|Inserting electrode system|||Electron gun, support, spacing, mounting, shadow mask
V05-L03C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Inserting CRT gun|V05-L03C1|See also V05-D01B for CRT "per se" and V05-L05D1B for CRT mfr.|
V05-L03C3|Current|(1992-    )|Pretreatment of vessel surfaces|||Cleaning, polishing, etching, machining
V05-L03C3A|Current|(1992-    )|To improve seal||Actual process of sealing is covered by V05-L03C5A.|
V05-L03C5|Current|(1992-    )|Joining vessel parts, sealing, evacuating, filling, alignment|||
V05-L03C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Sealing|||
V05-L03C5C|Current|(1992-    )|Evacuating||Includes methods and apparatus, e.g. vacuum pumps specifically for evacuating vessels. For electrical aspects of pumps see X25-L03A. Vacuum gauges in general are coded in S02-F04D1 and specifically ionisation-type gauges are additionally coded in V05-K03.|
V05-L03C5E|Current|(1992-    )|Filling||Covers methods and apparatus for filling tubes with desired gas composition of mixture.|
V05-L03C5G|Current|(2007-    )|Alignment|||
V05-L03C7|Current|(1992-    )|Post sealing treatment|||Washing
V05-L03C7A|Current|(1992-    )|To improve operation or lifetime||Includes e.g. getter flashing. (Getters per se are coded in V05-D07E, getter manufacture in V05-L06).|
V05-L03C7C|Current|(1992-    )|To improve structural strength||Includes e.g. tension band fitting. Manufacture of band per se is covered by V05-L03D.|T-band
V05-L03D|Current|(1992-    )|Tension band manufacture|||T-band
V05-L05|Current|(1992-    )|Type of tube being manufactured||Codes in this section are only used for device-specific manufacturing details and generally follow the 'device' codes V05-A to V05-K. For further indication of scope, see the definitions accompanying those codes.|
V05-L05A|Current|(1992-    )|Gas discharge|||
V05-L05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Plasma display panel/segment type display|||
V05-L05A1A|Current|(2006-    )|DC Displays|||
V05-L05A1B|Current|(2006-    )|AC Displays|||
V05-L05A3|Current|(2006-    )|Gas-filled switching/protection devices||Prior to 2006, coded in V05-L05A.|
V05-L05B|Current|(2005-    )|Classical and cold cathode vacuum tubes|||
V05-L05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Thermionic tube|||
V05-L05B3|Current|(2005-    )|Cold cathode devices|||
V05-L05B5|Current|(1992-    )|Micro cold cathode devices|||
V05-L05C|Current|(1992-    )|Transit time tube|||
V05-L05D|Current|(1992-    )|Cathode ray tubes|||
V05-L05D1|Current|(1992-    )|Display tubes|||
V05-L05D1A|Current|(2002-    )|Field emission display tubes|||
V05-L05D1B|Current|(1992-    )|Cathode ray display tubes|||
V05-L05D1C|Current|(1992-    )|Fluorescent display|||
V05-L05D2|Current|(1992-    )|Camera tubes|||
V05-L05D3|Current|(1992-    )|Image intensifiers and converters|||
V05-L05E|Current|(1992-    )|X-ray/EUV generators; ion tubes|||
V05-L05F|Current|(1992-    )|Analysis and process tubes|||
V05-L05F1|Current|(1992-    )|Analysis tubes|||
V05-L05F1A|Current|(1997-    )|Tunnel current devices|V05-L05F1|See V05-L01B2 for probe manufacture. See also V05-F01A5.|STM, SPM, AFM
V05-L05F5|Current|(1992-    )|Processing tubes|||
V05-L05G|Current|(1992-    )|Photoelectric tube|||
V05-L05H|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation detector|||
V05-L05J|Current|(1992-    )|Spectrometer tubes|||
V05-L05K|Current|(1992-    )|Electron multiplier|||
V05-L05X|Current|(2005-    )|Other devices||Includes e.g. manufacture of radiation image storage screens.|
V05-L06|Current|(1992-    )|Getter manufacture|V05-L09|Getter flashing is covered by V05-L03C7A.|
V05-L07|Current|(1992-    )|General aspects of manufacture|V05-L09|Codes in this section may be used alone, or with other V05-L codes.|
V05-L07A|Current|(1992-    )|Multistep process for manufacturing whole device|V05-L09||
V05-L07B|Current|(2005-    )|Workpiece holder|||
V05-L07C|Current|(1992-    )|Transport equipment moving between processing stages|V05-L09||
V05-L07D|Current|(2005-    )|Workpiece positioning||Covers positioning of workpiece with relation to manufacturing equipment.|
V05-L07E|Current|(1992-    )|Testing, salvage and other general aspects of manufacture|V05-L09||
V05-L07E1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing|V05-L09|Where electrical characteristics are being measured relating to the tube per se, S01-G02A is also assigned.|
V05-L07E1A|Current|(1992-    )|Of partially complete device|V05-L09||
V05-L07E1B|Current|(1992-    )|Of manufacturing process or apparatus|V05-L09|This code is used for monitoring the manufacturing process or apparatus only. For testing of tubes per se V05-L07E1A or V05-L07E1C are used.|
V05-L07E1C|Current|(1992-    )|Of complete device|||
V05-L07E3|Current|(1992-    )|Ageing, soak testing, life testing|V05-L09||Burn-in, oven, high temperature, accelerate
V05-L07E5|Current|(1992-    )|Adjustment, rectification|V05-L09||Correct, repair, re-gun, spot-knocking
V05-L07E6|Current|(1992-    )|Salvage|V05-L09||
V05-L07E7|Current|(1992-    )|Packing, shipping|V05-L09||
V05-L07E9|Current|(1992-    )|General manufacturing aspects - other|V05-L09|Includes protection arrangement for tube to avoid damage during manufacture, e.g. dummy protective tube base.|
V05-L09|Current||Discharge tube manufacture - other|||
V05-M|Current||General details||Codes in this section are used to describe details of tubes for cases of very general (or unstated) application, or in conjunction with tube type codes not having the appropriate subdivisions.|
V05-M01|Current||Image screens; luminescent coatings||Radiation converting screens not necessarily part of a tube are included in V05-M01C codes.|Luminescent screen, fluorescent screen, radiation imaging screen
V05-M01A|Current|(1992-    )|Light emitting compositions|||Phosphor, rare earth
V05-M01C|Current|(1992-    )|Separate screen not part of tube|||Conversion screen, radiography, medical diagnosis
V05-M01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation image storage screen||Includes e.g. stimulable phosphor. Recording and reproducing equipment for use with stimulable phosphors is coded in S06-K99G and other S06-K codes as appropriate.|
V05-M02|Current||Solid thermionic cathodes|||Coating, impregnated cathode, dispenser cathode, heater, filament, directly-heated
V05-M02A|Current|(1992-    )|Solid thermionic cathode compositions|||
V05-M03|Current||Includes unspecified emitting electrode types||Includes unspecified emitting electrode types.|Electrode support, mountings
V05-M03A|Current|(1992-    )|Emitting electrodes i.e. cold cathodes|||Field emitters, field emission, FE
V05-M03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Micro-fabricated cold cathode||Includes carbon nanotube based field emitters.|CNT, carbon nanofibre, nano-emitter
V05-M03A3|Current|(1997-    )|Current limiting arrangements|V05-M03A||
V05-M03C|Current|(1992-    )|Grids|||Control, modulation, intensity, screen, suppressor
V05-M03E|Current|(1992-    )|Anodes|||
V05-M03G|Current|(1992-    )|Electron/ion guns||Also coded in V05-M04A as an electron/ion optical arrangement.|Lens, focus, correct, beam
V05-M03X|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes - other|||
V05-M04|Current||Electron- or ion-optical arrangements|||Electron gun, lens, focusing, deflection, deflection coil, winding
V05-M04A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrostatic||Novel electron guns are also coded in V05-M03G.|ES
V05-M04B|Current|(1992-    )|Electromagnetic|||EM
V05-M05|Current||Vessels; lead-in conductors; seals|||Insulator, support pins, conductive coatings
V05-M05A|Current|(1992-    )|Vessel|||Glass composition, shape, form, housing, container
V05-M05B|Current|(1992-    )|Lead-ins|||Pin, base, contact
V05-M05C|Current|(1992-    )|Seal|||Frit
V05-M05D|Current|(1992-    )|Vacuum locks|||
V05-M05D1|Current|(1992-    )|Sample/specimen introducing arrangement|||
V05-M05E|Current|(1992-    )|Vessel windows||Covers arrangement enabling emission or introduction of e.g. ions or electrons from the vessel. X-ray windows are covered by V05-E01E1A.|
V05-M05F|Current|(1992-    )|Coatings applied to vessel||Includes optical or conductive coatings.|
V05-M06|Current|(1992-    )|Getters|||
V05-M07|Current|(1992-    )|Tube cooling|V05-M09|Cooling of electronic equipment in general is covered by V04-T03 codes.|
V05-M07A|Current|(1992-    )|Heat sink, radiative|V05-M09||Fin, extrusion, radiator
V05-M07B|Current|(1992-    )|Forced circulation|V05-M09||Liquid, vapour, gas, pump, heat exchanger, tank, reservoir, fan, blower, air
V05-M09|Current||General details - other||Includes gas filling compositions. Compositions for gas-filled tubes covered by V05-A codes are assigned the appropriate subdivision code in that section.|
V06|Current||Electromechanical transducers and small machines|||
V06-A|Retired|(    -2006)|Loudspeakers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V04A1 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-A01|Retired|(    -2006)|Transducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01 and V06-V04A1 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. All loudspeaker transducers are also coded in V06-E.|Voice-coils, drivers, piezoelectric, moving coil
V06-A02|Retired|(    -2006)|Cones/diaphragms*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V02A and V06-V04A1 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. General use cones/diaphragms are in V06-F only.|Membranes, vibration plates
V06-B|Retired|(1983-2006)|Pick-ups, cutters, microphones; sonar/ultrasonic transducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-B01|Retired|(1983-2006)|Gramophone pick-ups and cutters*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V04A3 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. See also W04-A.|Stylus, Cartridges, Diamond, groove, mechanical recording
V06-B02|Retired|(1983-2006)|Microphones*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V04A2 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. All microphone transducers are also coded in the relevant V06-E code.|Piezoelectric, electroacoustic, electret, condenser, diaphragms
V06-B03|Retired|(1983-2006)|Sonar/ultrasonic transducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01N from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. For hydrophones and sonar systems, see also W02-C07 and W06-A05 codes.|Piezoelectric, underwater acoustic transducers
V06-C|Retired|(    -2006)|Headphones; telephone handsets*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V04A4 and V06-V04B1 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Telephone transducers per se are coded in W01-C01M also, and mounting details in W01-C01A3.|Earphones, earpieces, receivers, transmitters, mouthpieces
V06-D|Retired|(    -2006)|Vibration generators for performing mechanical work*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V04C from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes shock wave generators for e.g. lithotripsy which are also coded in S05-B02. For industrial scale vibration generators see X25-L.|Coil, electromechanical
V06-E|Retired|(    -2006)|Transducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. This code is in general only used for audio or communication-type transducers.|
V06-E01|Retired|(    -2006)|Moving coil/strip/wire*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01A1 and V06-V04A3 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Ribbon
V06-E01A|Retired|(1987-2006)|Moving coil*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01A1 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Bobbins, voice coils
V06-E02|Retired|(    -2006)|Piezoelectric; electrostrictive*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Acoustic, ceramic, ultrasonic, quartz, piezoceramic
V06-E03|Retired|(    -2006)|Electrostatic*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01C from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes electrets and other capacitive-effect transducers.|Condenser
V06-E04|Retired|(1997-2006)|Digital transducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01L from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-E05|Retired|(1997-2006)|Wireless transducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01M from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-E06|Retired|(1997-2006)|Microtransducers; nanotransducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01K from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Micromachining, micromechanical, microelectromechanical, micromechanism
V06-E06A|Retired|(2002-2006)|Nanotransducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01K2 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-E07|Retired|(2005-2006)|Ultrasonic transducer*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01N from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes audio/communication type ultrasonic transducers.|
V06-E08|Retired|(2005-2006)|Bone conduction transducer*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01P from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-E09|Retired|(    -2006)|Other*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01A2, V06-V01D, and V06-V01X from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes moving armature, magnetostrictive and combined-principle transducers.|
V06-F|Retired|(    -2006)|Diaphragms; cones*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V02A from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Membranes, vibration plates
V06-G|Retired|(    -2006)|Transducer details*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V02 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-G01|Retired|(    -2006)|Casings; cabinets, mountings*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V02E and V06-V02F from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes structural association of transducers with electric circuitry; throat mountings for microphones; lead-throughs for earphones; supports for music pick-ups. See also W04-S.|Enclosure, housings, chambers, holders
V06-G02|Retired|(    -2006)|Obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V02G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes structural combinations and spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges; enclosures modified by mechanical or acoustic dampers; use of horns; use of several identical transducers.|Dampers
V06-G09|Retired|(    -2006)|Other*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V02H, V06-V02J and V06-V02X from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Leads, mouthpieces, earpieces, sanitary devices
V06-H|Retired|(    -2006)|Circuits for transducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V02S from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes circuits for preventing acoustic reaction or correcting frequency response; cross-over networks for loudspeakers. Does not include volume control circuits. See W04-T also.|Frequency/amplitude control, delay circuits
V06-J|Retired|(    -2006)|Transducer manufacture, testing, monitoring*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V03 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-J01|Retired|(1992-2006)|Manufacture*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V03A from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-J01A|Retired|(1992-2006)|Diaphragm*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V03A1 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-J02|Retired|(1992-2006)|Testing, monitoring*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V03B from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-J03|Retired|(2005-2006)|Micromachining process, method or apparatus*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V03A7 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. See also U11-C and U12-B03F codes|MEMS, microtransducer, nanotransducer, silicon-machining, micromachining
V06-K|Retired|(    -2006)|Electromechanical resonators and delay lines*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01E and V06-V04D2 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. For networks using resonators see U25-B codes also|
V06-K01|Retired|(    -2006)|Delay lines*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V04D2 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-K02|Retired|(    -2006)|Piezoelectric, electrostrictive and magnetostrictive resonators*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B, V06-V01D and V06-V01E from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes crystal tuning forks.|Oscillator
V06-K03|Retired|(    -2006)|Holders, electrodes, coils*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V02B, V06-V02C and V06-V02F from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Mounts, seals, bases, housing, supports
V06-K03A|Retired|(1987-2006)|Electrodes*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V02B from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Electrode arrays, forks, comb electrodes, interdigitated electrodes
V06-K04|Retired|(1987-2006)|Filters*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V04D1 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-K05|Retired|(1997-2006)|SAW resonators*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01E1 and V06-V01E2 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. See U14-G also.|Surface acoustic wave
V06-K06|Retired|(1997-2006)|MSW resonators*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01E3 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Magnetostatic, surface wave, MSSW, forward volume, MSFVW, backward volume, MSBVW
V06-K07|Retired|(1997-2006)|Microresonators; nanoresonators*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01E and V06-V01K from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Micromachining, micromechanical, microelectromechanical, micromechanism
V06-K07A|Retired|(2002-2006)|Nanoresonators*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01E and V06-V01K2 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-K08|Retired|(1992-2006)|Manufacture and testing*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V03A and V06-V03B from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-K08A|Retired|(2005-2006)|Micromachining process, method or apparatus*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V03A7 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. See also U11-C and U12-B03F codes.|MEMS, microresonator, nanoresonator, silicon-machining, micromachining
V06-K09|Retired|(    -2006)|Other*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01E and V06-V02S from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes circuits; resonators not covered by previous codes.|
V06-K10|Retired|(2005-2006)|Ultrasonic resonator*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01E and V06-V01N from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes ultrasonic delay lines and resonators.|
V06-L|Retired|(    -2006)|Measuring/general use piezoelectric, electro-, magnetostrictive or electromagnetic transducers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01A, V06-V01B, V06-V01D, V06-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. See V06-M, V06-N and V06-U codes for motors and actuators. Vibration generators for performing mechanical work are in V06-V04C.|
V06-L01|Retired|(    -2006)|Piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B, V06-V01D, V06-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Materials are also in U11-A02.|Ultrasonic, acoustic, magnetostrictive, electrostrictive
V06-L01A|Retired|(1987-2006)|Piezoelectric*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B, V06-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Piezoelectric composition, ceramic, ultrasonic, crystal, igniter, switch, micromechanism, sensor, buzzer
V06-L01A1|Retired|(1987-2006)|Medical applications*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B, V06-V02, V06-V04G and V06-V04K from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. See also S05-D.|Ultrasonic probes, acoustic transducers, ultrasonic diagnostics transducers
V06-L01A2|Retired|(    -2006)|General measurements*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B, V02-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. See also relevant S02, S03 codes.|Vibration, pressure, force
V06-L01A3|Retired|(1997-2006)|Piezoelectric transformers*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B, V02-V02 and V06-V04F from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-L01A3A|Retired|(2002-2006)|Multilayer*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B1, V02-V02 and V06-V04F from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-L01A3B|Retired|(2002-2006)|Rosen type*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B2, V02-V02 and V06-V04F from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-L01A4|Retired|(1997-2006)|Piezoelectric (contactless) switches*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01B, V02-V02 and V06-V04E from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-L01B|Retired|(1997-2006)|Magnetostrictive*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01D, V02-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-L02|Retired|(    -2006)|Manufacture, testing*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01, V02-V03A and V06-V03B from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Polarising, polymerising, coating, process, assembling
V06-L02A|Retired|(2005-2006)|Micromachining process, method or apparatus*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01 and V06-V03A7 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. See also U11-C and U12-B03F codes.|MEMS, microsensor, nanosensor, silicon-machining, micromachining
V06-L03|Retired|(1997-2006)|Microsensors; nanosensors*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01K, V02-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Micromachining, micromechanical, microelectromechanical, micromechanism
V06-L03A|Retired|(2002-2006)|Nanosensors*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01K2, V02-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-L04|Retired|(1997-2006)|Smart sensors*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01Q, V02-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|Intelligent
V06-L05|Retired|(1992-2006)|Electromagnetic sensors*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01A, V02-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-L06|Retired|(2005-2006)|Ultrasonic sensor*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V06-V01N, V02-V02 and V06-V04G from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007. Includes measurement type ultrasonic sensors.|
V06-L10|Retired|(2002-2006)|Resonant sensors*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to V02-V02 and V06-V04G2 from 200701. It remains searchable for records prior to 2007.|
V06-M|Current||Small electric machines||Includes low power electric machines. Medium and large size machines and their controllers are in X11 and X13, respectively. Indeterminate size machines are in both V06 and X11 classes.|
V06-M01|Current||Synchronous machines|||Motors, generators
V06-M01A|Current||With permanent magnet|||
V06-M01A1|Current|(2008-    )|Interior permanent magnet|||
V06-M01B|Current||Without permanent magnet|||
V06-M01C|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid synchronous machines||Includes combined permanent magnet and wound rotor type synchronous machines.|
V06-M02|Current||DC and induction machines||Includes universal machines.|
V06-M02A|Current|(1987-    )|DC machines|||Motors, generators, commutator motors, shunt motors
V06-M02B|Current|(1987-    )|AC machines|||Induction-, squirrel cage-, asynchronous-, capacitor-start-, split-phase-, AC commutator-machine
V06-M03|Current||Non-mechanical commutator machines||Includes both AC and DC type brushless motors. |Brushless, electronic commutator
V06-M03A|Current|(1997-    )|Permanent magnet|||PM DC/AC brushless
V06-M03B|Current|(1997-    )|Switched reluctance|||SR DC/AC brushless
V06-M03C|Current|(1997-    )|Sensorless|||BEMF
V06-M04|Current||Machines with vibrating armatures or coils||Includes voice-coil type motors, solenoidal motors, vibration motors.|Reciprocating/oscillating magnet, polarised-armature
V06-M04A|Current|(1997-    )|Voice coil motors|||
V06-M05|Current||Stepping motors|||
V06-M05A|Current|(1987-    )|Variable reluctance|||
V06-M05B|Current|(1987-    )|Permanent magnet|||
V06-M05C|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid|||
V06-M06|Current||Electric machines - other||Includes 'perpetual motion' motors, torque motors.|Electrodynamic-clutches, -brakes, -gears
V06-M06A|Current|(1987-    )|Synchros and selsyns|||AC position motors
V06-M06B|Current|(1987-    )|Linear motors|||
V06-M06B1|Current|(1997-    )|Asynchronous|||Induction, AC, LIM
V06-M06B2|Current|(1997-    )|Synchronous|||AC, LSM
V06-M06B3|Current|(1997-    )|Direct current|||DC, linear
V06-M06B7|Current|(1997-    )|Piezoelectric or electrostrictive|V06-M06D||
V06-M06B8|Current|(1997-    )|Electrostatic|V06-M06F||
V06-M06B9|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetostrictive|V06-M06||
V06-M06C|Current|(1987-    )|Tachogenerators||Includes AC and DC type speed or rpm counters. See S02-G codes also.|
V06-M06D|Current|(1987-    )|Piezoelectric or electrostrictive motors, actuators; piezoelectric generators||Includes piezoelectric elements placed in printheads of inkjet printers (see also S06-G codes for inkjet printers). Also includes surface acoustic wave actuators for which U14-G is also assigned.|SAW actuator
V06-M06D1|Current|(1992-    )|Ultrasonic motors|||
V06-M06D2|Current|(1997-    )|Generators|||
V06-M06D3|Current|(2002-    )|Laminated type|||
V06-M06D4|Current|(2002-    )|Bimorph type|||
V06-M06E|Current|(1987-    )|Servomotors|||
V06-M06F|Current|(1992-    )|Electrostatic motors, actuators, generators|||
V06-M06G|Current|(1992-    )|Micromotors; microactuators||See also U12-B03F. For manufacturing see V06-M11 and U11-C18C codes.|Micromachine, micromachining, micromechanical, microelectromechanical, micromechanism
V06-M06G1|Current|(1992-    )|Electrostatic excitation|||
V06-M06G1A|Current|(2002-    )|Comb motors|||
V06-M06G1B|Current|(2002-    )|Wobble motors|||
V06-M06G2|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic excitation|||
V06-M06G3|Current|(2007-    )|Electro-thermal effect||For non-MEMS type electro-thermal actuator see V06-M06M.|
V06-M06G8|Current|(2005-    )|Microgenerators; nanogenerators|||
V06-M06G8A|Current|(2005-    )|Nanogenerators|||
V06-M06G9|Current|(2002-    )|Nanomotors/nanoactuators|||
V06-M06H|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetostrictive motors; actuators; generators|V06-M06|Includes magnetostrictive motors, actuators and generators|
V06-M06H1|Current|(2005-    )|Motors; actuators|||
V06-M06H2|Current|(2005-    )|Generators|||
V06-M06J|Current|(1997-    )|Corona motors|V06-M06||
V06-M06K|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic-fluid motors, actuators|V06-M06|Includes electromagnetic pumps used for moving liquid metal or some other magnetic fluid using electromagnetic force. Electromagnetic pumps for high power applications are coded under X11-H03B only.|
V06-M06M|Current|(1997-    )|Shape-memory alloy motors|V06-M06||
V06-M06N|Current|(1997-    )|Printed-circuit or pancake motors|V06-M06||
V06-M06P|Current|(1997-    )|Multidimensional motors|V06-M06||
V06-M06Q|Current|(2002-    )|MHD generators||See X11-H03B for medium/high power machines.|Magneto-hydro-dynamics
V06-M06R|Current|(2005-    )|Ultrasonic motors||Includes non-piezoelectric type ultrasonic motors. See V06-M06D1 for piezoelectric ultrasonic motors.|
V06-M06S|Current|(2007-    )|Electro-active polymer||Includes actuators/motors and generators having, for example, an electro-active polymer for electrical to mechanical, and vice-versa, energy conversion. See V06-M06D codes for piezoelectric actuators or motors. The actuator may have either a liquid or solid electrolyte.|EAP
V06-M06T|Current|(2008-    )|External rotor type motor||Includes motor with an outer or external rotor construction.|
V06-M07|Current||Magnetic circuits|||Magnets, magnetic poles, cores, yokes, tooth, slots, laminations
V06-M07A|Current|(1987-    )|Stator||Includes insulation details of stator.|
V06-M07B|Current|(1987-    )|Rotor||Includes insulation details of rotor.|
V06-M08|Current||Windings|||Slot-closures, wedges, ties, fastening windings
V06-M08A|Current|(1987-    )|Conductor shape, form, construction or layout|||Coils, disc, flat
V06-M08A1|Current|(2002-    )|Printed coils/windings|||
V06-M08B|Current|(1987-    )|Insulation; shielding; protection|||Corona protection
V06-M09|Current|(1980-    )|Casings: Supports||Includes enclosures, casings, bearing and brush supports, bearing shields or end plates. Also includes lubrication and insulation details of bearings, etc.|Housing, machine mountings, seals, explosion proofing, vibration-damping, brush holders
V06-M09A|Current|(2002-    )|Connectors; terminal boxes|||
V06-M10|Current||Arrangements for handling mechanical energy|||Shaft, clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys, mechanical starting, loads, flywheels, balancing arrangements, bearings, couplings
V06-M10A|Current|(2002-    )|Microgears; microtransmission|||
V06-M11|Current|(1980-    )|Manufacture, testing, repair and maintenance||Includes recycling details (see also X25-W04).|
V06-M11A|Current|(1983-    )|Commutators, slip-rings, brushes||Includes wear indicators. See also V04-P02 for manufacture of general commutators, brushes, etc.|
V06-M11B|Current|(1983-    )|Windings|||Coiling, inserting wires, winding jigs, laying conductors, conductor bending
V06-M11C|Old|(1987-2012)|Insulation||Includes impregnating, insulating, heating or drying of windings, rotors or machines.|Taping
V06-M11C|Current|(2013-    )|Insulation, balancing, centering||Includes impregnating, insulating, heating or drying of windings, rotors or machines. Also includes centering/balancing details of motor. |Taping
V06-M11D|Current|(1987-    )|Core||For rotor or stator bodies.|Magnetic poles, casting, moulding, laminating, slotting, magnetic circuits
V06-M11E|Current|(2016-    )|Casings and supports|||Housing, enclosure
V06-M11G|Current|(2005-    )|Micromachining process, method or apparatus||See also U11-C and U12-B03F codes.|MEMS, micromotor, microactuator, nanomachine, nanoactuator, silicon-machining, micromachining
V06-M11M|Current|(1997-    )|Testing, repair and maintenance||Includes analysis, diagnosis, monitoring, fault detection. This code can be used in conjunction with other V06-M11 codes, e.g. together with V06-M11A, V06 M11B, V06-M11C and V06-M11D for testing of brushes, windings, insulation and cores, respectively.|
V06-M11P|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by use of microprocessors|||
V06-M12|Current|(1983-    )|Commutators, slip-rings, brushes||Includes connections with windings, commutation improving arrangements. See also V04-L01.|Commutator segments, current collectors
V06-M13|Current|(1992-    )|Cooling, ventilation|V06-M20|This code covers cooling and/or ventilation of e.g. the motor itself, and not when the motor is part of the cooling/ventilation system for cooling another device.|
V06-M14|Current|(1992-    )|Structural association with electric component|V06-M20|Includes measuring and protecting electronic components e.g. resistors, switches or RFI suppressors.|Position/rotation/direction detectors
V06-M15|Current|(2002-    )|Materials|||
V06-M15A|Current|(2002-    )|Conductive materials||Includes details of materials for thermal or electrical conduction.|
V06-M15B|Current|(2002-    )|Magnetic materials|||
V06-M15C|Current|(2002-    )|Insulative materials||Includes details of materials for electrical insulation.|
V06-M16|Current|(2008-    )|Non-electrodynamic motor details||Includes details such as electrodes for motors such as piezoelectric, electrostatic, etc.|
V06-M20|Old|(1980-2013)|Details - other||This code includes details of model illustrating / demonstrating how an electric motor works. See also W04-W07C for demonstration of process or effect. Also includes machine simulation/design.|
V06-M20|Current|(2014-    )|Other details||This code includes details of model illustrating / demonstrating how an electric motor works. See also W04-W07C for demonstration of process or effect. Also includes machine simulation/design. Includes motor cable details.|Motor simulation, generator simulation, electric machine simulation, motor design, generator design, electric machine design
V06-N|Current|(1983-    )|Controlling small electric machines||Includes control of low power motors, actuators and generators.|
V06-N01|Current|(1983-    )|Stepping motors|||Translation circuit, stepper, step-by-step motor
V06-N01A|Current|(2005-    )|Variable reluctance|||
V06-N01B|Current|(2005-    )|Permanent magnet|||
V06-N01C|Current|(2005-    )|Hybrid|||
V06-N02|Current|(1983-    )|DC mechanical commutator motors|||Shunt motor
V06-N03|Current|(1983-    )|AC motors|||
V06-N03A|Current|(1997-    )|Asynchronous|||Induction
V06-N03B|Current|(1997-    )|Synchronous|||
V06-N03B1|Current|(2006-    )|With permanent magnet|||
V06-N03B2|Current|(2006-    )|Without permanent magnet|||
V06-N04|Current|(1987-    )|DC brushless motors|||
V06-N04A|Current|(1997-    )|Permanent magnet|||PM DC brushless
V06-N04B|Current|(1997-    )|Switched reluctance|||SR DC brushless
V06-N04C|Current|(1997-    )|Sensorless|||BEMF
V06-N05|Current|(1987-    )|Starting|||
V06-N06|Old|(1987-2012)|Braking|||Reversing, resistive-, regenerative-braking
V06-N06|Current|(2013-    )|Braking; Stopping|||Reversing, resistive-, regenerative-braking
V06-N07|Current|(1992-    )|Piezoelectric or electrostrictive motors, actuators|V06-N||Ultrasonic
V06-N08|Current|(1997-    )|Electrostatic motors, actuators|V06-N||
V06-N09|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetostrictive motors, actuators|V06-N||
V06-N10|Current|(1997-    )|Servomotors|V06-N||
V06-N11|Current|(1997-    )|Linear motors|||
V06-N11A|Current|(1997-    )|Asynchronous|||Induction, AC, LIM
V06-N11B|Current|(1997-    )|Synchronous|||AC, LSM
V06-N11C|Current|(1997-    )|Direct current|||DC, linear
V06-N11D|Current|(1997-    )|Piezoelectric or electrostrictive|||
V06-N11E|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetostrictive|||
V06-N11F|Current|(1997-    )|Electrostatic|||
V06-N12|Current|(1997-    )|Voice coil motors|V06-N||
V06-N13|Current|(1997-    )|Corona motors|V06-N||
V06-N14|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic-fluid motors, actuators|V06-N||
V06-N16|Current|(1997-    )|Shape-memory alloy motors|V06-N||
V06-N18|Current|(1997-    )|Printed-circuit or pancake motors|V06-N||
V06-N20|Current|(1997-    )|Multidimensional motors|V06-N||
V06-N22|Current|(1997-    )|Micromotors; microactuators|||Micromachine, micromachining, micromechanical, microelectromechanical, micromechanism
V06-N22A|Current|(2002-    )|Nanomotors/nanoactuators|||
V06-N24|Current|(1997-    )|Smartpower IC controllers|||Integrated circuit controller, integrated smart power circuit
V06-N26|Current|(1997-    )|Microprocessor control||Includes DSP, ECU, PLC.|
V06-N30|Current|(1997-    )|Multimotor control|||
V06-N35|Current|(2002-    )|Remote motor control|||
V06-N36|Current|(2005-    )|Ultrasonic motors||Use this code together with other V06-N codes if required for highlighting the type of motor being controlled.|
V06-N37|Current|(2005-    )|Vector control|||Field-oriented, flux-vector, direct-torque, control, regulation
V06-N40|Current|(2005-    )|Low power generators||For records prior to 2005, see X13-G02 codes. Medium and high power generator control is in X13-G02.|
V06-N40A|Current|(2005-    )|Synchronous generators|||
V06-N40B|Current|(2005-    )|DC generators|||
V06-N40C|Current|(2005-    )|Induction generators|||
V06-N40D|Current|(2005-    )|Piezoelectric generators|||
V06-N40E|Current|(2005-    )|Magnetostrictive generators|||
V06-N40F|Current|(2005-    )|Electrostatic generators|||
V06-N40G|Current|(2005-    )|MHD generators|||
V06-N40H|Current|(2005-    )|Microgenerators; nanogenerators|||
V06-N40H1|Current|(2005-    )|Nanogenerators|||
V06-N45|Current|(2005-    )|Speed control/regulation of electrical machines e.g. by specific switching device|||
V06-N45A|Current|(2005-    )|Characterized by diodes|||
V06-N45B|Current|(2005-    )|Characterized by bipolar transistors|||
V06-N45C|Current|(2005-    )|Characterized by FETs|||
V06-N45D|Current|(2005-    )|Characterized by IGBTs|||
V06-N45E|Current|(2005-    )|Characterized by combination of switching devices|||
V06-N45F|Current|(2005-    )|Characterized by AC-to-DC converter|||
V06-N45G|Current|(2005-    )|Characterized by DC-to-AC converter|||
V06-N45H|Current|(2005-    )|Characterized by AC-to-AC converter|||
V06-N45J|Current|(2005-    )|Characterized by DC-to-DC converter|||
V06-P|Current|(2007-    )|Power generation plant||Covers only very low power generation. Medium to large scale power generation is covered in X11,X14 and X15.|
V06-P01|Current|(2007-    )|MEMS or chip-scale power plant||Includes the implementation of whole power plants on a MEM device or chip. Covers micro-combustion of fuels to drive a micro steam- or gas- or other- turbine, which drives a micro-generator. Individual MEMS generators are in V06-M06G. See also U12-B03F codes.|Micro power generator
V06-P02|Current|(2007-    )|Small scale power plant||Includes low wattage power plants typically used for powering small electronic equipment.|
V06-U|Current|(1997-    )|Electric machines characterised by applications|||
V06-U01|Current|(1997-    )|Domestic||Includes motors used in domestic and household equipment such as washing machines, dishwashers, vacuum cleaners, office paper shredder etc. Personal items, such as toothbrushes, razors, etc, are coded under V06-U02 only. Domestic and household equipment are also coded under X27.|Household
V06-U02|Current|(1997-    )|Personal||Includes motors used in personal items such as toothbrushes, razors, hair dryers, etc. Domestic items are also coded under X27.|Toothbrush, razor, hairdryer
V06-U03|Current|(1997-    )|Vehicles|||
V06-U04|Current|(1997-    )|Information equipment|||
V06-U04A|Current|(1997-    )|Disk drives|||
V06-U04B|Current|(1997-    )|Printers; graph plotters|||
V06-U04C|Current|(1997-    )|Facsimile machines|||
V06-U04D|Old|(1997-2012)|Ventilation|||
V06-U04D|Current|(2013-    )|Ventilation; Cooling||Also includes motor for cooling of electronic equipments, printed circuits etc.|
V06-U04E|Current|(2002-    )|Telecommunication||Includes mobile phones|
V06-U05|Current|(1997-    )|Robotics|||
V06-U06|Current|(1997-    )|Machine tools|||
V06-U07|Current|(1997-    )|Dispensing / vending machines||See T05-H codes for details of vending machines, and X25-F03B for details of dispenser, including food/drink dispensers.|ATM machine
V06-U08|Current|(1997-    )|Toys; games; sports||Includes exercise machines.|
V06-U09|Current|(1997-    )|Audio, video equipment||Includes motors for projectors, video recorders (VCR), DVD recorders and players, Hi-Fi systems, etc. Also includes motors for digital cameras, including cameras for mobile phones, laptops, etc. Non-digital cameras, or film cameras, are only coded under V06-U13. See also W04 codes for audio / video equipment.|CCD camera, digital camera, VCR, DVD player
V06-U10|Current|(1997-    )|Medical|||
V06-U11|Current|(1997-    )|Electronic equipment manufacture||Includes semiconductor manufacturing equipment.|
V06-U12|Current|(1997-    )|Instrumentation||Includes details of timepieces, e.g. chronograph timepiece.|
V06-U13|Current|(2002-    )|Non-digital / film cameras||Includes motor details for non-digital cameras, such as silver halide film cameras, 35 mm cameras, etc. Digital cameras are only coded under V06-U09. All video cameras are coded under V06-U09 only. See also S06-B for electrical details of film cameras.|Silver halide, 35 mm
V06-U14|Current|(2002-    )|Optical switches|||
V06-U15|Current|(2002-    )|Industrial machines/components||Includes industrial vehicles e.g. cranes, concrete mixing lorry, fork lift truck etc.|
V06-U99|Current|(2006-    )|Other electric machine applications|||
V06-V|Current|(2007-    )|Electromechanical transducers||This section covers all electromechanical transducers for audio/communication, resonators, sensors, vibrators (mechanical work) and general transducers not covered elsewhere. For records prior to 2007, see V06-A to V06-J codes for audio/communication type transducers and vibrators (mechanical work), V06-K codes for resonators and V06-L codes for sensors and general transducers not covered elsewhere. See V06-M, V06-N and V06-U codes for small motors/actuators construction, manufacture, testing, monitoring, maintenance, control and applications. See U12-B01B for magnetoresistors, U12-B03E for piezoresistors.|
V06-V01|Current|(2007-    )|Transducers characterised by mode, principle, scale or type||These codes are used to highlight a specific transducer aspect such as mode (ultrasonic), principle (electrostriction), scale (micro) and type (moving coil). V06-V01 codes are used in conjunction with other relevant codes such as V06-V02 for details, V06-V03 for manufacture and V06-V04 for applications. For example, a novel electrode of a piezoelectric resonator for a delay line would be coded in V06-V01B, V06-V01E, V06-V02B and V06-V04D2.|
V06-V01A|Current|(2007-    )|Electromagnetic induction||See also V02-G01E for linear variable displacement transducers or transformers (LVDT).|
V06-V01A1|Current|(2007-    )|Moving coil|||Voice coil, bobbins
V06-V01A2|Current|(2007-    )|Moving armature, core or magnet|||LVDT
V06-V01A3|Current|(2007-    )|Moving wire or strip|||Ribbon
V06-V01B|Current|(2007-    )|Piezoelectric; electrostrictive||Details of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials are covered by both V06-V01B and V06-V02R ('Materials').|Piezoceramic, quartz, ceramic, crystal resonator
V06-V01B1|Current|(2007-    )|Multilayer|||
V06-V01B2|Current|(2007-    )|Rosen type|||
V06-V01C|Current|(2007-    )|Electrostatic||Includes electrets and other capacitive-effect transducers (see also V01-B02 codes).|Condenser
V06-V01D|Current|(2007-    )|Magnetostrictive|||
V06-V01E|Current|(2007-    )|Resonators||Includes electromechanical resonators. For networks using resonators, see U25-B codes also.|Oscillators, crystal resonator
V06-V01E1|Current|(2007-    )|Surface acoustic wave|||SAW
V06-V01E2|Current|(2007-    )|Bulk acoustic wave|||BAW
V06-V01E3|Current|(2007-    )|Magnetostatic acoustic wave|||Magnetostatic surface wave, MSSW, magnetostatic forward volume wave, MSFVW, magnetostatic backward volume wave, MSBVW
V06-V01K|Current|(2007-    )|Microtransducers; nanotransducers|||
V06-V01K1|Current|(2007-    )|Microtransducers|||MEMS, micromechanical, microelectromechanical, micromechanism
V06-V01K2|Current|(2007-    )|Nanotransducers|||NEMS, nanomechanical, nanoelectromechanical, nanomechanism, (piezoelectric) nano-wire 
V06-V01L|Current|(2007-    )|Digital transducers|||
V06-V01M|Current|(2007-    )|Wireless transducers|||
V06-V01N|Current|(2007-    )|Ultrasonic transducers||Includes details of supersonic transducers and ultrasonic/megasonic cleaning. Ultrasonic cleaning is also covered by V06-V04C and X25-H09A.|
V06-V01P|Current|(2007-    )|Bone conduction transducers||Includes details of bone anchored hearing aids (BAHA). Hearing aids are also coded under V06-V04K for medical applications, and under W04-Y. If the hearing aid is implanted, see also S05-F01.|Hearing aid, bone anchored hearing aids, BAHA, bone conduction transducers
V06-V01Q|Current|(2007-    )|Smart transducers||Includes details of the processing unit and the communication interface.|IEEE1451, SensorML, TransducerML, Transducer Markup-Language
V06-V01X|Current|(2007-    )|Other transducers||Includes electro-optical(audio), combined-principle and infrasonic transducers.|
V06-V02|Current|(2007-    )|Transducer details, circuits, materials||These codes are used in conjunction with other codes of V06-V section as appropriate. E.g. a novel coil construction of a moving coil type transducer for a loudspeaker in a PA system is coded in V06-V01A1, V06-V02C, V06-V04A1 and V06-V04A5.|
V06-V02A|Current|(2007-    )|Diaphragms; cones|||Membranes, vibration plates
V06-V02B|Current|(2007-    )|Electrodes; terminals|||
V06-V02C|Current|(2007-    )|Coils; (electro)magnets|||
V06-V02D|Current|(2007-    )|Substrates; layers|||
V06-V02E|Current|(2007-    )|Casings||Includes individual transducer housings. Includes shield element to protect individual transducer. If the shield element is part of the cabinet, V06-V02F should be applied instead.|
V06-V02F|Current|(2007-    )|Cabinets; mountings; supports||Includes cabinets; mountings; supports for the transducer(s) within a cabinet. Also includes mountings of circuit board. |Enclosure, chambers, holders
V06-V02G|Current|(2007-    )|Obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics||Includes structural combinations and spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges; enclosures modified by mechanical or acoustic dampers; use of horns; use of several identical transducers.|
V06-V02H|Current|(2007-    )|Leads, connectors||Includes earphone jacks, cables for headphone/earphone, etc. Details of cables are also coded under X12-D.|
V06-V02J|Current|(2007-    )|Sanitary devices||Includes details of waterproof filter protecting the mouthpiece of a microphone, etc|
V06-V02R|Current|(2007-    )|Materials||Manufacturing details of materials are covered by both V06-V02R and V06-V03A9 ('Other transducer manufacture'). Details of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials are covered by V06-V02R and V06-V01B ('Piezoelectric; electrostrictive').|
V06-V02S|Current|(2007-    )|Circuits||Includes circuits for preventing acoustic reaction or correcting frequency response; cross-over networks for loudspeakers. Does not include volume control circuits. See W04-T also.|
V06-V02X|Current|(2007-    )|Other transducer details||Includes transducer details not covered elsewhere. Also includes details of model illustrating / demonstrating how a transducer works. See also W04-W07C for demonstration of process or effect.|
V06-V03|Current|(2007-    )|Transducer manufacture, testing, monitoring||These codes are used in conjunction with other V06-V codes as appropriate. E.g. a novel coil manufacture of a moving coil type transducer for a loudspeaker in a PA system is coded in V06-V01A1, V06-V03A3, V06-V04A1 and V06-V04A5.|
V06-V03A|Current|(2007-    )|Manufacture|||
V06-V03A1|Current|(2007-    )|Diaphragms; cones|||
V06-V03A2|Current|(2007-    )|Electrodes; terminals|||
V06-V03A3|Current|(2007-    )|Coils; (electro)magnets|V06-J01, V06-K08, V06-L02||
V06-V03A4|Current|(2007-    )|Substrates; layers|||
V06-V03A5|Current|(2007-    )|Casings|||
V06-V03A6|Current|(2007-    )|Cabinets; Mountings; supports|||
V06-V03A7|Current|(2007-    )|Micromachining process, method or apparatus||Includes manufacture of MEMS and NEMS. See also U11-C and U12-B03F codes.|Micromechanical, microelectromechanical, micromechanism, microtransducer, nanomechanical, nanoelectromechanical, nanomechanism, nanotransducer
V06-V03A9|Current|(2007-    )|Other transducer manufacture||Includes manufacture of transducer details not covered by the above codes. Includes manufacturing details of materials (see also V06-V02R).|
V06-V03B|Current|(2007-    )|Testing, monitoring and calibration of transducers||This code includes testing and monitoring details of transducers, and not when the transducers are used as testing or sensing transducers, e.g. when the transducer is used to detect the tire pressure. Sensing, testing and imaging-type transducers are coded under V06-V04G.|
V06-V04|Current|(2007-    )|Transducer applications||These codes are used in conjunction with other V06-V codes as appropriate. For example, a novel coil of a moving coil type transducer for a loudspeaker in a PA system is coded in V06-V01A1, V06-V02C, V06-V04A1 and V06-V04A5. For applications in the communications and audio/video fields, see also W01, W02, W03 and W04 classes. For applications in the instrumentation and medical fields, see also S01, S02, S03 and S05 classes.|
V06-V04A|Current|(2007-    )|Audio/video equipment||Includes details of microphone (V06-V04A2) and/or speaker arrangements (V06-V04A4) for non-implanted hearing aids. Bone anchored or implanted hearing aids are only coded under V06-V04K and V06-V01P. Hearing aids are also coded under W04-Y. Also includes musical instruments, such as electronic trumpet.|
V06-V04A1|Current|(2007-    )|Loudspeakers||See also W04-S codes.|
V06-V04A2|Current|(2007-    )|Microphones||Pick-ups for musical instruments are in V06-V04A3. For microphones used for measurement purposes, see V06-V04G3|
V06-V04A3|Current|(2007-    )|Pick-ups||Includes pick-ups for gramophones and musical instruments. General audio microphones are in V06-V04A2.|Stylus, cartridges, groove, mechanical recording, needle
V06-V04A4|Current|(2007-    )|Headphones; earphones||Also includes hands-free kits, hearing aids. For hearing aids, also apply V06-V04K.|Earphones, earpieces, mouthpieces
V06-V04A5|Current|(2007-    )|PA systems||Includes equipment used in sound broadcasting during concerts, in public places such as train or underground stations, exhibition halls, etc. Includes details of long-line public address systems. Details of microphones and loudspeakers are coded under V04-V06A1 and V06-V04A2, respectively. See also W04-S codes.|PA system, loudhailer, concert, exhibition, conference, megaphone, LLPA
V06-V04B|Current|(2007-    )|Communication equipment||Also includes hydrophones used for communication, e.g. audio/voice, purposes. For hydrophones used in instrumentation, see V06-V04G1. For sonar systems, see also W02-C07 and V06-A05 codes.|
V06-V04B1|Current|(2007-    )|Telephone handsets||Telephone transducers, per se, are also coded in W01-C01M, and mounting details in W01-C01A3.|Receivers, transmitters
V06-V04B2|Current|(2007-    )|Radio communication|||
V06-V04C|Current|(2007-    )|Vibrators (mechanical work)||Includes transducers for performing mechanical work e.g. shock wave generator for lithotripsy. For industrial-scale vibration generators see X25-L codes. See V06-M codes for motors and actuators.|Buzzers, ultrasonic cleaning
V06-V04D|Current|(2007-    )|Filters; delay lines|||
V06-V04D1|Current|(2007-    )|Filters|||
V06-V04D2|Current|(2007-    )|Delay lines|||
V06-V04E|Current|(2007-    )|Switching (contactless)|||
V06-V04F|Current|(2007-    )|Transformers|||
V06-V04G|Current|(2007-    )|Instrumentation||Includes sensing, detecting and imaging type transducers. Also includes transducers described as sensors. See also S02 and S03 codes for transducers used for general instrumentation.|
V06-V04G1|Current|(2007-    )|Sonar||Includes hydrophones for e.g. ranging. For communications use, see V06-V04B.|
V06-V04G2|Current|(2007-    )|Resonant sensor|||
V06-V04G3|Current|(2007-    )|Measurement microphone||For audio/communication-type microphones, see V06-V04A2.|
V06-V04H|Current|(2007-    )|Vehicles||Includes land, sea and air vehicles.|
V06-V04J|Current|(2007-    )|Military||See also W07 codes for military applications of transducers.|
V06-V04K|Current|(2007-    )|Medical||Includes details of transducers for hearing aids, including bone anchored or implanted hearing aids. Details of the bone conducting transducers are also coded under V06-V01P, and details of the microphone and/or speaker arrangements are also coded under V06-A04A codes. Hearing aids are also coded under W04-Y. See also S05 codes for transducers used in medical devices.|RIC(Receiver In Canal), In-ear canals
V06-V04L|Current|(2007-    )|Industrial|||
V06-V04M|Current|(2008-    )|Information equipment||Includes details of transducers for computers, and computer peripheral devices e.g. mouse, disk drives, etc.|
V06-V04N|Current|(2008-    )|Alarms; signalling|||
V06-V04P|Current|(2008-    )|Personal|||
V06-V04Q|Current|(2008-    )|Displays|||
V06-V04R|Current|(2008-    )|Toys; games; sports|||Exercise machines, karaoke systems
V06-V04S|Current|(2008-    )|Domestic|||
V06-V04T|Current|(2013-    )|Purification; Sterilization||Includes details of tranducers for purifying/sterilizing air in buildings, rooms, etc. Details of these air cleaners are also coded under X27-E01B2.|
V06-V04X|Current|(2007-    )|Other transducer applications||Includes applications not covered elsewhere, e.g. igniters.|
V07|Current||Fibre-optics and light control||The codes in this class were introduced at the start of 1983 and used to backlog code all basic abstracts to update 198018. Coverage is restricted to components for coupling, guiding, or performing operations - e.g. multiplexing - on IR, visible, or UV radiation. Individual radiation sources and receivers per se are not included, and are coded in U12 and V08. See W02-C04 codes for optical communications systems in general.|
V07-F|Current|(1983-    )|Optical elements|||
V07-F01|Current|(1983-    )|Light guides|||
V07-F01A|Current|(1983-    )|Guiding structures||Includes guiding structures e.g. rods, rectangular core waveguides. From 199201 for optical fiber bundles see V07-F01A1B.|
V07-F01A1|Current|(1983-    )|Optical fibres||Includes individual glass, plastics and high power air-clad optical fibers; core and cladding structures providing desired refractive index profile, e.g. concentric guiding structure; doping.|Matched, raised cladding, single mode, step-index, graded-index
V07-F01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Light guides with polarisation-maintaining effect|V07-F01A1||
V07-F01A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Optical fibre bundles|V07-F01A|Includes image transmission using fiber-optic face plates and imaging bundles, i.e. guides with same relative position of fibers at both ends.|Image inverters
V07-F01A1C|Current|(1997-    )|Optical fibre arrays|V07-F01A1B|Prior to 199701 coded in V07-F01A1B.|
V07-F01A1D|Current|(1997-    )|Optical fibre tapes|V07-F01A1B|Prior to 199701, coded in V07-F01A1B. See V07-F01B4 for optical fiber cables.|ribbon
V07-F01A1E|Current|(2007-    )|Dispersion compensation optical fibres|||
V07-F01A1F|Current|(2007-    )|Graded Index Fibres||As opposed to step index fibre. Refractive index with quadratic profile. Graded index fibres are always multimode fibres|Graduated index, graded index, multimode
V07-F01A1X|Current|(2005-    )|Other novel optical fibres||Includes holey fibres, photonic fibres and micro/nano structured fibres. Dispersion compensating and slope compensating fibres may also be coded here. U13-B03F and V06 codes may also be added for micro/nano structured aspects. See V07-K10C for photonic materials, V07-F01A4 for photonic waveguides, and from 2006 see V07-F02D for all other photonic optical elements.|
V07-F01A2|Current|(1987-    )|Optical preform||Includes structure, with mfr. in V07-F01A3A. Also includes similar structures for other optical elements, e.g. GRIN lens, tapered waveguide.|Soot
V07-F01A3|Current|(1987-    )|Manufacture, materials for optical fibres|||
V07-F01A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture of optical fibres||From year 2002, manufacturing equipment for optical fibers is coded in V07-F01A3C|
V07-F01A3B|Current|(1992-    )|Materials for optical fibres and waveguides|||Silica
V07-F01A3C|Current|(2002-    )|Manufacturing equipment||Covers equipment for the manufacture of optical fibers. Equipment for preparing fibers goes in V07-G01, and for light guides/cables go in V07-H01.|
V07-F01A4|Current|(2005-    )|Slab and planar waveguides||Prior to Jan 2005 see V07-F01A. Includes photonic waveguides with novel structure. For photonic materials see V07-K10C, for photonic fibres see V07-F01A1X, and from 2006 see V07-F02D for all other photonic optical elements.|
V07-F01A5|Current|(1983-    )|Integrated optical waveguides||Includes thin film waveguide and its mfr. Connections, switches and modulators integrated onto waveguide are also included, but see also V07-G or V07-K codes. Thin film optical element e.g. filter or lens is additionally coded in V07-F02. Semiconductor waveguides are also coded in U12-A or U13-D04A but waveguides for lasers are not included.|Substrate, integrated optics
V07-F01A5A|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by integrated optical waveguide manufacture|V07-F01A5|Includes film deposition, substitution of dopant atoms, etching, using polymerisation.|
V07-F01A5S|Current|(2002-    )|Integrated optical waveguide sensors||Includes multilayered optical filters.|Fiber gratings, smart skin, smart structure
V07-F01A6|Current|(1997-    )|Polarisation-independent light guides|||
V07-F01B|Current|(1983-    )|Light guide protection; repair and maintenance; optical cables|||
V07-F01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Light guide protection||Includes materials, manufacture of covering layers (i.e. non-optical layers) coated on fiber after extrusion e.g. radiation curable layers and metal coatings.|Sheath
V07-F01B1A|Current|(2002-    )|Dust-proof and water-tight structures||Includes drainage and protection system for relay points of optical cables, communication able terminations, and enclosures for protecting optical fiber connections from dust and humidity.|Dust-proofing, weather-proofing, environmental protection
V07-F01B2|Current|(2005-    )|Optical fibre repair and maintenance methods and equipment|||
V07-F01B4|Current|(1987-    )|Optical cable||Includes composite electrical and optical fibers cable for transmission line signalling and optical repeaters.|
V07-F01B4A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by optical cable structure|||Helical/S-Z winding, spacers
V07-F01B4B|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by optical cable manufacture||Includes method and equipment for manufacturing optical cables|
V07-F02|Current|(1983-    )|Lenses, reflectors, other optical elements||Includes in general passive optical components associated with optical fibers and waveguides e.g. for coupling waveguides, sources and receivers; beam profile correction; etc. Also includes components manufactured from optical fiber e.g. filter, attenuator. For lens formed on fiber end, see V07-G04. Electro- and magneto-optic components are coded in V07-K.|
V07-F02A|Current|(1987-    )|Lenses; reflectors; refractors||Includes prism; mirror (for scanning, see also V07-K05; incorporating electro-optic light shutter, see V07-K01A and for vehicle rear view/anti-dazzle mirror, see X22-J04).|
V07-F02B|Current|(1987-    )|Gratings; filters; polarizers||Includes light retardation film, light diffusion film.|Diffraction
V07-F02C|Current|(1987-    )|Holograms||Excludes materials for holograms. For holograms used as optical components e.g. holographic diffraction grating, see also V07-F02B. Holography is in V07-M.|
V07-F02D|Current|(2006-    )|Photonic optical elements||For waveguides see V07-F01A4. For fibres see V07-F01A1X. For novel band gap aspects of photonic materials, and novel photonic materials, see V07-K10C.|
V07-F03|Current|(1992-    )|Mode selectors/converters|V07-F01A1||Multi-mode
V07-G|Current|(1983-    )|Coupling light guides||Codes V07-G01 to V07-G04 are used in conjunction with V07-G10 to V07-G12.|
V07-G01|Current|(1983-    )|Preparing fibre||Includes cutting, polishing, stripping protective coating (see also V07-H01). Hand tools are also in V07-H01.|Cleaving, scoring
V07-G02|Current|(1983-    )|Aligning with fibre or source||Includes alignment using e.g. ferrules or by injecting light into fiber and measuring max. transmission.|
V07-G02A|Current|(2005-    )|Optical ferrules||Includes all aspects of ferrule structure, manufacture, molding, methods and equipment|
V07-G03|Current|(1983-    )|Fixing separation, fastening||Includes plugs, screw-ins, lever locking, retainment against pulling force, spring-biasing, strain relief (see also V07-H codes), fixing gap between fiber ends, optical cement, etc.|
V07-G04|Current|(1983-    )|Beam shaping and focusing||Includes expanding of beam with lens; forming of e.g. elliptical lens on fiber; heating to alter refractive index distribution; mode, phase, and beam profile matching; anti-reflection coating.|
V07-G05|Current|(2005-    )|Optical components other than beam shaping and focusing||Includes filters, polarisers, gratings, mirrors etc. for coupling structures. Filters for beam shaping or lensing are covered in V07-G04, otherwise covered here. For novel optical element aspects see V07-F02 codes.|
V07-G10|Current|(1983-    )|2- port connections||Includes coaxial connections, e.g. simplex, duplex, ribbon cable to ribbon cable, bundle to bundle, fiber termination, coupling fiber to thin film waveguide, and connections on thin film waveguide (see also V07-F01A5). V07-G10 is used if it is unclear whether connection is detachable or permanent. When this code is used in combination with V07-F02 it indicates that connection has other optical function, e.g. as attenuator.|
V07-G10A|Current|(1983-    )|Detachable connectors||Includes connections intended for repeated connection/disconnection e.g. plug type.|
V07-G10B|Current|(1983-    )|Permanent connections||Includes splicing by fusing fiber ends or using heat shrinkable sleeve or using index matching adhesive.|
V07-G10C|Current|(1983-    )|Coupling guide end to active source/detector||Includes connections to LED, laser diode, lamp, or photodiode; bi-directional coupling to source/detector. In general, use also V07-G10A if connection is detachable but not V07-G10B, if permanent. Also includes bare fiber inserted into source module package, e.g. as pigtail (see also U12-A01C).|
V07-G10D|Current|(1987-    )|Optical coupling||Includes coupling between fibers using e.g. lens, fiber-thin film coupling.|
V07-G10E|Current|(2002-    )|Orthogonal intersection of parallel fiber optic threads||Includes intersection of parallel woven fiber optic threads, orthogonal to another fiber optic thread.|Fabric panel, display, energy beam, internal reflection, light generating pixels
V07-G11|Current|(1983-    )|3-or more port couplers||Includes coupling e.g. by splitting light path or removing cladding; (de)multiplexing (see also V07-K04); circulators; evanescent coupling; star couplers; bi-directional coupling using beam splitter, mode selector/converter (see also V07-F03).|Branching
V07-G12|Current|(1983-    )|Rotary couplers|||Slip-ring
V07-G13|Current|(2005-    )|Optical fibre component packages/modules for optical communications||Includes optical line cards, optical backplanes and other passive optical component modules. Does not include electro-optical packages, which are coded in W02. Includes manufacture.|
V07-G15|Current|(1983-    )|Optical switching||Includes mechanical, electromechanical, electro/magneto-optic or thin film switches. Electromechanical or electro/magneto-optic switching is also in V07-K01. Rotary switches are also in V07-G12.|Shutter, fiber displacement
V07-H|Current|(1983-    )|Light guide installation||Covers installations analogous to W01-D, X12-G.|
V07-H01|Current|(1992-    )|Methods and equipment for installing light guides/cables||Includes hand tools for use in-field (see also V07-G01), stripping coating or cladding, dispensers, air blowing, pulling of guide through duct, splicing, cable marking.|Joining, terminating
V07-H02|Current|(1992-    )|Fittings for optical guides/cables||Includes splice cases, distribution boxes, strain relief, heat shrinkable covers, clamps etc. For installation tools used with these fittings see also V07-H01.|
V07-H03|Current|(1992-    )|Installations for optical guides/cables||Includes details of optical fibres in underwater/underground/overhead power distribution network. For installation tools used on site see also V07-H01.|Conduit, ducting, feed-throughs, bushings
V07-H04|Current|(2005-    )|Optical fibre excess management||Includes optical cable reels, trays, cable guides and supports for excess cable management, surface inlaid fiber optic installations and pre-assembled fiber-optic installation panels. From 2006 see V07-H04A for excess fibre management for fibre in use, and V07-H04B for excess fibre management for fibre not in use. See also X12-G04A1 for reels for composite optical and electrical cables. Prior to 2005 see V07-H09.|Reels
V07-H04A|Current|(2006-    )|Optical fiber excess handling and management||Includes optical cable reels, trays, cable guides and supports for excess cable management, surface inlaid fiber optic installations and pre-assembled fiber-optic installation panels for fibre-optics connected to communications/light transmitting system. Also includes protection of buried fiber optic nodes.|
V07-H04B|Current|(2006-    )|Optical fiber storage and transporting aspects||Includes optical cable reels, trays, cable guides and supports for excess cable management, surface inlaid fiber optic installations and pre-assembled fiber-optic installation panels for excess/spare fibre not connected to anything, e.g. for storage in warehouse/ storage cabinet. Also includes storage space for jacketed fiber.|
V07-H09|Current|(1992-    )|Aspects of light guide installations - other||Includes all other aspects of cable installation not covered anywhere else. From 2005 see V07-H04 codes for Reels.|
V07-J|Current|(1983-    )|Measuring optical element parameters||For measurements during waveguide manufacture, see also V07-F01A3A. Includes measuring/testing guide characteristics e.g. loss, dispersion (see also S02-J04A1); fault location/monitoring of transmission system e.g. breakage (see W02-C codes also). Excludes optical sensors i.e. measuring of non-optical parameter using optical fibers: these are coded in V07-K and in the relevant S01/S02/S03 codes.|Attenuation, intensity, optical time domain reflectometry, OTDR
V07-K|Current|(1983-    )|Controlling light||In general, includes modification of optical properties of medium electrically, magnetically, acoustically, and physically (i.e. force, stress, etc.), and by using light (i.e. non-linear optics). Also includes light switching and electro- or magneto-optic materials. For spatial light modulation, prior to 199701, see V07-K01 and V07-K05; from 199701 spatial light modulators are covered in V07-K01A2. For spatial phase correction, prior to 199701 see V07-K02 and V07-K05; from 199701 spatial phase correction is covered by V07-K02 and V07-K01A2. Excludes anti-dazzle electro-optic vehicle mirror (see X22-J), electro-optic spectacles (see X27-A02D), constructional details of electro-optic display (e.g. for liquid crystal, electrochromic displays, see U14-K codes).|
V07-K01|Current|(1983-    )|Light intensity control, modulation||Includes physically modifying fiber e.g. by stretching, bending; using acousto- or magneto-optic effects. Also covers optically activated liquid crystal devices.|
V07-K01A|Current|(1987-    )|Light intensity control/modulation using electro-optical devices||Includes control using liquid crystal devices; semiconductor light in-light out devices (see also U12-A02C3); MQWs (see also U12-E01B2). From 199201 for optical logic devices see V07-K06.|Multi-quantum well, Kerr, Pockells, Stark
V07-K01A1|Current|(1997-    )|Single optical beam modulation|V07-K01A||
V07-K01A2|Current|(1997-    )|Area modulation|V07-K01, V07-K05|Prior to 199701 spatial modulation is covered by V07-K01 and V07-K05. For magneto-optic spatial modulation see also V07-K03.|light valves, spatial, SLM
V07-K01B|Current|(1987-    )|Light control using shutters||Includes e.g. electromechanical chopper, ferromagnetic fluid.|
V07-K01C|Current|(1992-    )|Optical amplification|V07-K01, V07-K01A, V08-A04X||Repeater
V07-K01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Semiconductor optical amplifiers|V07-K01A|Includes amplifiers derived from conventional laser diodes. See also U12-A02B1, U12-A02C3 or V08-A04A.|
V07-K01C2|Current|(1992-    )|Optical fibre amplifiers|V07-F01A1, V08-A4X|Includes fiber doped with rare earth metal (e.g. erbium) amplifier.|
V07-K02|Current|(1983-    )|Phase||Includes pulse shaping.|Sagnac, interferometer, delay, refractive index
V07-K03|Current|(1983-    )|Polarisation||Includes magneto-optic effect, and materials which exhibit this effect. For magnetometers using rotation of polarised light, see also S01-E01.|Faraday effect/rotator, Kerr, optical isolator, circulator
V07-K04|Current|(1983-    )|Frequency, colour||Includes (de)multiplexing, heterodyning, frequency shifter e.g. using non-linear optics (for materials see V07-K10 codes), wave mixing or mode shifting in optical fiber and 3- or more pole multiplexing connectors (see also V07-G11).|Up/down converter, frequency doubling, second harmonic generation, SHG, optical harmonic generators
V07-K05|Current|(1983-    )|Position or direction||Includes deflection, scanning using e.g. rotating mirror or acousto-optic devices. Scanners are also coded in S06-A03, T04-G04, W02-J01, or W04-M01E depending on application, respectively, to copier, printer, facsimile, or opto-mechanical TV systems. Mirrors per se are coded in V07-F02A.|
V07-K06|Current|(1992-    )|Optical logic|V07-K01A|Includes bistable devices, optical computer elements, optical ADC. See also relevant codes in U12-A01, U12-E01, U14-A02, T01-E05A, T02-A03, U21-A03G, U21-C01G.|Self-electro-optic effect, SEED, binary optics
V07-K10|Current|(1992-    )|Materials used for controlling light|V07-K|For materials with magneto-optic effect see V07-K03.|
V07-K10A|Current|(1992-    )|Liquid crystals||See also U11-A03A.|
V07-K10B|Current|(1992-    )|Nonlinear optical and electro-optical materials|||Second harmonic generation, SHG
V07-K10B1|Current|(1992-    )|Inorganic nonlinear optical and electro-optical materials||Includes lithium niobate, potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), beta-barium borate (BBO), ceramics e.g. lead lanthanum zirconium titanate (PLZT).|
V07-K10B2|Current|(1992-    )|Organic nonlinear optical and electro-optical materials||Includes Langmuir-Blodgett thin films, polymers.|Steroidal ketone, organopolysiloxane
V07-K10C|Current|(2005-    )|Novel photonic crystals and materials||Covers all novel photonic materials, including e.g. new band-gap technology/arrangements. For photonic fibres see V07-F01A1X, for photonic waveguides see V07-F01A4, and from 2006 see V07-F02D for all other photonic optical elements.|
V07-L|Current|(2006-    )|Manufacture, materials, equipment for optical elements other than optical fibres and waveguides||All manufacturing aspects of optical fibres and waveguides are coded in V07-F01A3 codes. Prior to 2006 all manufacturing aspects were coded under the relevant device. Post 2006 see both relevant device code and V07-L code to indicate the manufacturing aspect of the device in question.|
V07-L01|Current|(2006-    )|Manufacturing methods for optical elements other than optical fibres and waveguides|||
V07-L02|Current|(2006-    )|Materials for manufacturing optical elements other than optical fibres and waveguides||For non-linear and electro-optical materials see V07-K10 codes.|
V07-L03|Current|(2006-    )|Equipment for manufacturing optical elements other than optical fibres and waveguides|||
V07-M|Current|(1983-    )|Holography||All aspects are included. Holograms per se are in V07-F02C.|Record, image, rainbow
V07-N|Current|(1987-    )|Applications of optical fibres||Applications other than those in V07-N01 to V07-N03 are coded in V07-N e.g. fiber-optic lasers using Raman/Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (see also V08-A codes). If fiber-optic laser is used as amplifier see V07-K01C2.|SBS
V07-N01|Current|(1987-    )|Gyroscopes, interferometers, sensors||Sensing using optical fibres. If novelty covers control of light, see also V07-K. Semiconductor laser light source for gyroscopes are also coded in U12-A01B1 and V08-A04A. Gyroscopes are also coded in S02-B07 and W06-A07; for interferometers see also S02-A03|Rotating, angular, loop, Sagnac
V07-N02|Current|(1987-    )|Endoscopes, fibrescopes||Medical and industrial endoscopes are also coded respectively in S05-D04 and S02-J04.|Camera, imaging
V07-N03|Current|(1987-    )|Illumination||See X26-G also. Includes transmission of solar radiation from outside to interior of building; Christmas tree lighting; microscope slide illumination; use of lamp at one end of fiber for lighting.|
V07-X|Current|(1983-    )|Miscellaneous aspects of light guides||Includes (chemical) optrodes, sacrificial/consumable non-waveguide sensors, etc.|
V08|Current||Lasers and masers||Includes details of sources and amplifiers of coherent optical (i.e. IR, visible light and UV) and other EM waves.|
V08-A|Current||Lasers||For aspects directly involved with construction, operation, parameter control and monitoring of laser; and also for equipment, e.g. safety goggles, required for working with laser. For electrical aspects of laser used with weaponry and in laser surgery see W07, according to application, and S05-B01 codes respectively. For lidar see W06-A06 codes. For optical amplifier used in optical communication see also V07-K01C codes.|
V08-A01|Current||Construction/shape of optical resonators or active medium||From 199201 details of active medium are covered by V08-A01D.|
V08-A01A|Current|(1983-    )|Optical resonators||Includes reflector details e.g. mirror, which is also coded in V08-A08 if it is unclear whether it forms part of resonator. Also includes external mirror for semiconductor laser.|
V08-A01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Ring lasers|V08-A01A|For gyroscopes see also S02-B07B and W06-A07.|
V08-A01A2|Current|(1992-    )|With passive optical components to control e.g. laser frequency|V08-A01A, V08-A03|Includes prism, diffraction grating, birefringent, non-linear materials placed inside optical resonator. For controlling laser parameters see also V08-A03 codes.|
V08-A01A3|Current|(1997-    )|External optical resonator|V08-A01A||External cavity, folded cavities
V08-A01B|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by electrode details of laser|V08-A01, V08-A02|Includes material, structure of electrodes. See also V08-A04B code for arrangement of electrodes passing through discharge tube of gas laser.|
V08-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Gas management systems of laser|V08-A01, V08-A04B||Gettering, replenishing
V08-A01D|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by active medium material of laser||This code is used in conjunction with V08-A04 codes to identify type of laser for which the active material is used. For semiconductor laser see also U12-A01B6 code for e.g. blue and green light emitting lasers.|
V08-A01D1|Current|(2002-    )|Preparation of active material|V08-A01D|Includes crystal growth and doping aspects. Does not include semiconductor laser formation (see U11/U12-A01B codes).|
V08-A02|Current||Pumping of active medium within laser||Includes thermal, chemical and electron beam pumping; expansion shock (e.g. compressed argon/xenon) excitation system; etc.|Excitation, population inversion
V08-A02A|Current|(1987-    )|Semiconductor laser drive circuit||Semiconductor laser drive circuits, are also coded in U12-A01B4. Control of drive circuit for stabilisation of laser is also in V08-A03A1 for amplitude stabilisation, or V08-A03C2 for frequency stabilisation.|
V08-A02B|Current|(1987-    )|Optical pumping of laser||Includes flash-lamps, shining light on semiconductor laser.|
V08-A02C|Current|(1992-    )|Pumping of gas laser||Includes pre-ionisation, gas discharge, capacitive or inductive excitation. Covers pumping by electrical discharge in gas laser; pulse drives.|Discharge electrode
V08-A03|Current||Control of laser parameters||Includes control of beam parameters e.g. phase, frequency, mode. For use of feedback to monitor laser output and correct pumping conditions see also V08-A06A. Also includes varying position of optical components inside laser cavity. For control of components outside resonant cavity see also V08-A08, V07-F02, V07-K codes or under application. For stabilisation using temp. control involving cooling see also V08-A05. Also applied for laser using electro-optical device exhibiting Pockells- or Kerr- effect, etc.|Mirror positioning, direction, polarisation, non-linear optics, Brillouin/Raman scattering
V08-A03A|Current|(1987-    )|Control of laser intensity|||Power
V08-A03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Amplitude stabilisation of laser output|||
V08-A03B|Current|(1987-    )|Control of laser mode|||Locking, suppression
V08-A03C|Current|(1987-    )|Control of laser frequency|||Line width, tuning
V08-A03C1|Current|(1992-    )|Frequency multiplication of laser output|V08-A03|See also V08-A01A2 if passive optical component is placed inside optical resonator.|
V08-A03C2|Current|(1992-    )|Frequency stabilisation of laser output|||
V08-A03D|Current|(1992-    )|Laser Q-switching|V08-A03|Includes electro-optic, magneto-optic, acousto-optic modulators, rotating mirror or prism, bleachable dye used for giant-pulse technique.|Q-spoiling
V08-A04|Current||Laser types||This code is used in conjunction with other codes as applicable, e.g. gas laser optical resonator is coded in V08-A01A and V08-A04B. For materials or compositions for active medium see also V08-A01D.|
V08-A04A|Current||Semiconductor laser||See also U12-A01B codes for semiconductor laser body, package and manufacturing details. Includes DBR and DFB. For light-in/light-out modulators and logic gates see also V07-K codes and U12-A02C3. For testing of semiconductor laser see U11-F01C5 and V08-A06. For semiconductor laser drive circuits see U12-A01B4 and V08-A02A. For optical amplifier see V07-K01C1. For laser used to read optical disk or CD see also W04-C and T03-B codes.|Active, single-heterostructure, double-heterostructure, buried, stripe, surface emitting, electrode, distributed Bragg reflection, distributed feedback, current blocking layer, lateral current confinement, quantum well, cleaved-coupled cavity
V08-A04B|Current|(1983-    )|Gas laser|V08-A04X|Includes atomic, molecular, ion, excimer, metal vapour and chemical lasers. For controlling gas pressure see V08-A01C. For electrode details see also V08-A01B. For gas laser excitation see V08-A02C.|TEA, carbon dioxide, helium-neon, argon, krypton/fluoride, xenon chloride, oxygeniodine
V08-A04C|Current|(1983-    )|Solid-state laser|V08-A04X|Includes doped insulator, crystal, glass, etc. laser. Excludes semiconductor laser.|Rod, slab, neodymium, YAG, ruby, holmium
V08-A04C1|Current|(1997-    )|Laser diode pumped solid state laser|V08-A04C|Includes solid state lasers pumped by laser diodes or laser diode arrays. For specific optical pumping details see V08-A02B code also.|
V08-A04C2|Current|(1997-    )|Optical fibre laser|V08-A04X, V08-A04C|See also V07 codes. For fibre-optic amplifier see V07-K01C2 only. Details of laser pumping of optical fibre are covered by V08-A02B. Prior to 199701 optical fibre lasers were covered by V08-A04X.|Waveguide laser
V08-A04D|Current|(1983-    )|Liquid or dye laser|V08-A04X||Rhodamine, crystal violet, coumarin
V08-A04E|Current|(1987-    )|Free electron laser|||FEL, wiggler field
V08-A04F|Current|(2011-    )|Infrared lasers and UV lasers, non visible light sources||Includes IR and UV lasers emitted from non visible light source, For illumination aspects see also X26-Q01 and X26-Q03|
V08-A04X|Current||Laser types - other||Includes lasers using scattering effects. From 9701 for optical fibre lasers see V08-A04C2. For X-ray lasers and MASERs see V08-B codes.|Raman, Brillouin
V08-A05|Current|(1987-    )|Cooling/heating aspects of laser|V08-A09|Includes cooling as part of gas recirculation system; heat sinks; temp. control and stabilisation. For laser parameter stabilisation and control see also appropriate V08-A03 code. For heat sinks for semiconductor lasers see also U12-A01B3A.|Circulate, coolant, pump, thermostat
V08-A06|Current|(1987-    )|Measurements and testing of laser|V08-A09|Includes monitoring of laser output during operation e.g. arc discharge detection. For photodiode arrangement within laser diode package see also U12-A01B3. For measurements performed on laser beam see also S03-A codes. For testing of semiconductor laser see also U11-F01C5.|
V08-A06A|Current|(1997-    )|Monitoring for direct active feedback control of laser parameter|V08-A06|For monitoring details of automatic laser parameter control using monitored laser output to stabilise parameter or control laser operation. For semiconductor laser diode drive circuit receiving parameter measurement from e.g. photodiode see U12-A01B4 and V08-A02A codes also. See also applicable V08-A03 code.|
V08-A07|Current|(1992-    )|Assemblies of lasers||Prior to 199201 laser diode arrays were coded in U12-A01B, U13-D04, V08-A04A; from 9201 they are covered by this code and U12-A01B1, V08-A04A.|
V08-A07A|Current|(1992-    )|Injection locking within laser assembly|V08-A01, V08-A03, V08-A04|Includes master-slave arrangements for continuous wave lasers and, in case of pulsed laser, Master Oscillator-Power Amplifier configuration.|Seed oscillator, CW, MOPA
V08-A08|Current|(1992-    )|Correcting laser beam parameters outside resonator|V08-A09|Includes components for correcting laser beam parameters e.g. profile/field patterns. See also V07 codes. Also includes homogenisation of beam.|
V08-A09|Current||Laser related aspects - other||Includes packaging and enclosure details. For packages for semiconductor lasers see U12-A01B3, with semiconductor laser package manufacture covered in U11-D01 and E02 codes.|
V08-A10|Current|(1997-    )|Protection equipment for use with laser|V08-A09|Includes passive and active laser protection equipment preventing injury or blinding of person using laser or person upon which laser is operated. For direct active control of laser using parameter measurement feedback see V08-A06A and V08-A03 codes also. For goggles see also X27-A02D.|Goggles
V08-B|Current||Stimulated emission devices - other||For frequency standard aspects see U23-D codes, e.g. U23-D02, S04-C09. For atomic clock aspects see S04-B02X.|Atomic frequency standard
V08-B01|Current|(1997-    )|Sub-IR frequency emitting device||Used for ultra-low frequency emitting device e.g. MASER.|Microwaves
V08-B02|Current|(1997-    )|X-ray laser|V08-B|Prior to 199701 X-ray lasers were covered by V08-B. For ultra-high frequency laser see also V05-E03. For X-ray lithography in semiconductor manufacture see also U11-C04H1.|
W01|Current||Telephone and data transmission systems|||
W01-A|Current||Digital information transmission||Codes in this group relate chiefly to novel aspects of digital transmission and to a lesser extent to its applications. Note that some communication systems which are inherently digital, such as GSM or DAB, are not routinely coded here but are included for specific novel data communication aspects which can be usefully represented by the assignment of W01-A codes. (For systems aspects of GSM, see W01-B05A1A and W02-C03C1A; for DAB see W02-D05C1).|
W01-A01|Current||Error detection and prevention||Error correction coding in general is covered by U21-A06 codes.|Monitor, link, check, redundancy, BER
W01-A01A|Current||By diversity, repeating or returning||Diversity radio systems are covered by W02-C03A codes and where an invention is concerned chiefly with radio aspects and data transmission details are not significant, those codes are assigned instead of W01-A01A. However, where radio aspects and data transmission aspects are significant both W01-A01A and W02-C03A codes may be assigned together.|ARQ, retransmission request, MIMO
W01-A01B|Current||Using codes||Generally-applicable error detection using codes, i.e. not specific to data communications, is covered by U21-A06 codes.|Decode, encode, symbol, Reed, Forward Error Correction (FEC)
W01-A01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Block codes||Covers coding where the final codeword is of fixed, finite length e.g. cyclic block coding.|Parity, cyclic, Hamming distance, BCH
W01-A01B1A|Current|(2005-    )|Using parity||Includes the use of odd and even checking bits.|
W01-A01B1C|Current|(2005-    )|Reed solomon coding||Note: Reed Solomon coding was incorrectly treated as a convolutional code from 2002 to 2004 and coded as W01-A01B2C. That code has now been deleted and the records to which it was assigned have been recoded as W01-A01B1C to place them in the correct block code hierarchy.|
W01-A01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Convolutional codes||Covers generation of a digit sequence from the informational digits in which no finite group of digits can be ascribed to one informational codeword. Includes max - likelihood or sequential algorithm for e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms.|Trellis, punctured code
W01-A01B2A|Current|(2002-    )|Viterbi coding|||
W01-A01B2E|Current|(2002-    )|Turbo coding|||Parallel concatenated convolutional codes
W01-A01B2G|Retired|(2002-2005)|Combined convolutional coding scheme*||*This code is now discontinued. W01-A01B2G remains valid and searchable for records between 2002 and 2005 for combined convolutional coding schemes. From 2006, all aspects of hybrid or combined error correction coding schemes are covered in W01-A01B4.|
W01-A01B2S|Current|(2002-    )|Novel algorithm or software aspects||Codes from class T01 are normally assigned for these aspects also, e.g. from the T01-S group.|
W01-A01B2X|Current|(2002-    )|Other aspects of error correction based on convolutional codes|||
W01-A01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Using format||Includes checking the format of received data for detection of errors, for example, system for checking complementary nature of received signals when complement of signal is also transmitted.|
W01-A01B4|Current|(2006-    )|Hybrid coding scheme||This code covers error correction using either a combination of block and convolution codes or multiple block or convolutional codes. Other W01-A01B codes are assigned as appropriate to highlight the coding types being used. Prior to 2006, combined error correction coding using convolutional codes only was indicated by assignment of W01-A01B2G.|Concatenated, outer-inner coding
W01-A01B5|Current|(2005-    )|Interleaving||Covers reduction in burst errors by re-organising data structure before transmission.|
W01-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Signal quality detection/testing correct operation||See also S01 and W02 codes. Includes jitter monitoring, using pseudo-errors and comparing transmitted test signals with locally generated replica.|Link quality estimation (LQE), jitter
W01-A01C1|Current|(2002-    )|Signal quality detection based on measurement of bit error rate||This code is intended to be used when the emphasis is on BER measurement, for whatever purpose. Systems with the emphasis on overall link quality and testing for correct operation are covered by W01-A01C5. BER measurement for radio receivers is covered by W02-G03J5 codes.|
W01-A01C1A|Current|(2002-    )|Novel hardware or software aspects for ber measurement||Codes from class T01 are normally assigned for software or algorithm-based aspects also, e.g. from the T01-S group.|
W01-A01C1C|Current|(2002-    )|Applications of ber measurement||This code is intended for arrangements which make use of a BER measurement which is already available, and not itself the novel aspect. This code may be used with W01-A01C5 when the purpose is the establishment of a link quality value, QoS, etc.|
W01-A01C5|Current|(2002-    )|Testing correct operation||This code is intended to be used when the emphasis is on testing satisfactory link operation by investigating signal quality, making use of error detection and possibly involving other parameters also, and includes techniques such as eye pattern measurements. Systems with the emphasis on BER measurement, and novel methods or hardware for this, are covered by W01-A01C1 codes. Fault detection and monitoring of data networks is covered by W01-A06A codes and by W01-A07L for data transmission in general, which may be assigned in conjunction with this, and other W01-A01C codes, as necessary.|
W01-A01X|Current|(1992-    )|Error detection and prevention - other|||
W01-A02|Current||Code conversion||See also W01-A08A1A for synchronous start-stop systems characterised by code and U21-A05 codes for specific coding formats.|Modulation, trellis coding, biphase level, Manchester coding, stochastic, parallel weight, NRZ
W01-A02A|Current|(1997-    )|Data compression||See also U21-A05A2 and T01-D02 codes as appropriate.|
W01-A03|Current||Multiple use of transmission path||The codes in this section relate to multiple access methods, duplex and multiplex transmission. Multiplex transmission in general is covered by W02-K codes.|Header, data, trailer, fixed-length, variable-length, STM (synch transfer mode), CBX (computerised branch exchange)
W01-A03A|Retired|(1987-2001)|Access control*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 the subject matter covered is transferred to W01-A06F1 codes. W01-A03A remains valid and searchable for records between 1987 and 2001 and was assigned with W01-A06 codes for network aspects, e.g. with W01-A06B5A for access control in LANs. See also T01 codes, such as T01-H05 and T01-H07codes.|Access right, protocol, arbitration, code division, CDMA, binding
W01-A03A1|Retired|(1987-2001)|Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA/CD and CA)*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 the subject matter covered is transferred to W01-A06F1A. W01-A03A1 remains valid and searchable for records between 1987 and 2001. During this time W01-A03A1 was combined with W01-A06F to indicate Ethernet. Request handling for interconnection or data transfer in computer systems is covered by T01-H05 codes, e.g. T01-H05B3 for contention avoidance for access to common bus.|Collision detection, dc level shift, heterodyne, Ethernet(r), timeout period, random delay, collision avoidance, contention
W01-A03A2|Retired|(1987-2001)|Time division multiple access (TDMA)*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 the subject matter covered is transferred to W01-A06F1G. W01-A03A2 remains valid and searchable for records between 1987 and 2001. See W02-C03B and W02-K codes, e.g. W02-C03B1D and W02-K02D, for TDMA aspects of satellite radio systems.|Aloha, slotted, synchronous, frame, burst transmission, DQDB (distributed queue dual bus), CRMA (cyclic reservation multiple access)
W01-A03A3|Retired|(1987-2001)|Token pass*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 the subject matter covered is transferred to W01-A06F1E. W01-A03A3 remains valid and searchable for records between 1987 and 2001.|Dynamic logical ring, priority token, address, FDDI
W01-A03B|Current|(1992-    )|Packet transmission|W01-A06X|Covers all systems where digital data cells or packets are transmitted to a selected destination by a terminal, computer applications program or other data handling device. The destination can be another data handling or data communication apparatus or system. Includes Packet Assembler/Disassembler (PAD). See W01-A06G2 for store and forward packet switching processors and W02-K03 for packet switching in general, e.g. voice packet switching.|Virtual circuit, VCI, Virtual path, VPI
W01-A03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)|W01-A06X||Cell, B-ISDN, PTM
W01-A03C|Current|(1992-    )|Time division multiplexing (TDM)|||Pulse stuffing
W01-A03C1|Current|(2005-    )|Time division multiple access (TDMA)||See W01-A06F1G for network aspects of access control scheme and W02-C03B and W02-K codes, e.g. W02-C03B1D and W02-K02D, for TDMA aspects of satellite radio system.|Aloha, slotted, synchronous, frame, burst transmission, DQDB (distributed queue dual bus), CRMA (cyclic reservation multiple access)
W01-A03D|Current|(1992-    )|Duplex||Includes half and full duplex systems.|
W01-A03D1|Current|(2002-    )|Half duplex|||
W01-A03D5|Current|(2002-    )|Full duplex|||
W01-A03E|Current|(2002-    )|WDM and FDM|||
W01-A03E1|Current|(2002-    )|WDM||WDM in general is assigned W02-C04B4B and W02-K04. General aspects of optical data transmission are covered by W01-A07E, and those specific to data networks by W01-A06C1 (optical fiber-based) and W01-A06C3 (free-space transmission). Optical communication in general is covered by W02-C04 codes. Novel optical components are covered in V07, especially V07-K04.|
W01-A03E5|Current|(2002-    )|FDM||FDM in general is assigned W02-K01 codes.|
W01-A04|Current||Synchronising receiver with transmitter||See also W02-K02A codes for general aspects of synchronising in TDM and W02-K05B7 for synchronising in spread spectrum communications. Digital synchronising circuits in general are assigned U22-H and PLL circuits are covered by U23-D01 codes.|Clock, phase, synchronous, frame delay, lock, recover regenerate, bit stuffing
W01-A04A|Current||Using synchronisation signals|||
W01-A04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Using properties of error detecting/correcting codes or special codes||Includes parity, correlators, PN codes. (Data transmission with error detection/correction codes in general is covered by W01-A01B codes).|Pseudonoise
W01-A04A2|Current|(1992-    )|Using cyclic recurring signals||See also W01-A01C for jitter monitoring and W01-B02X for clock distribution.|Clock generation
W01-A04A9|Current|(1992-    )|Using synchronisation signals - other||Includes pulse stuffing. Search with W01-A03C for this aspect in TDM data transmission. See W02-K02A3 for pulse stuffing in TDM systems in general.|
W01-A04B|Current|(1992-    )|Signals containing no special synchronisation information|W01-A04X||
W01-A04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Tracking or using signal transitions|W01-A04X|Includes use of equaliser output; tap values; decision values or transmission code rule.|PLL
W01-A04B2|Current|(1992-    )|Extraction of synchronisation/clock signal from spectrum|W01-A04X|Includes using resonant or bandpass circuit with squaring loop or Costas loop. (See U23-D01C1 for Costas loop demodulation in general.)|
W01-A04X|Current||Synchronising receiver with transmitter - other|||Pattern
W01-A05|Current||Secret communication||These codes are intended for secret and secure data transmission systems, including aspects such as authentication (covered in W01-A05B). From 2002, inventions involving the application only of these techniques are excluded when specific codes exist elsewhere, such as in T01 (e.g. T01-D01A, T01-J12C).|Algorithm, RSA
W01-A05A|Current|(1992-    )|Blockwise coding using registers/memories||Includes DES (Data encryption standard) and AES (Advance encryption standard) systems, and key distribution.|Cryptographic communication, public key, private key
W01-A05A1|Current|(2005-    )|Wireless||Includes WEP (Wired equivalent privacy) and WPA (Wi-Fi protected access) systems. Prior to 2005, this topic was coded as W01-A05A and W01-A06C4X. From 2005 W01-A06 codes are only assigned for significant network aspects.|WEP, WPA-PSK, WPA-802.1x, WPA2
W01-A05B|Current|(1992-    )|Identity verification/access control||This code covers authentication and identity verification in which data encryption is involved in some way. Verifying entitlement to access data networks is covered by W01-A06E1C, and is not assigned W01-A05B also unless some encryption aspect exists. Applications such as password checking for computer access are not included, and are covered by T01-J12C codes for computer security in general, and from 2002, by T01-N02B1B.|Confidential mail password
W01-A05E|Current|(2006-    )|Quantum cryptography||This code covers the use of quantum physics to provide inherent detection of eavesdropping or interception of data communications. Where optical communications are involved, e.g. single-photon systems, W01-A07E, W01-A06C1, or W02-C04 codes are also assigned as appropriate.|Polarisation, filter
W01-A05L|Current|(2007-    )|Data interception and prevention of interception||This code covers the interception of data communications using any medium. Secret and secure data transmissions using either cryptographic encryption or quantum cryptography are covered by W01-A05A and W01-A05E respectively. Interception and prevention of interception of analogue communication system are covered by W02-L07 codes.|
W01-A05L1|Current|(2007-    )|Data interception|||
W01-A05L5|Current|(2007-    )|Prevention of interception||Includes data concealment|Masking, steganography
W01-A05X|Current|(1992-    )|Other secret data communication|||
W01-A06|Current||Exchanges; connections between exchanges (including LAN)||Subject matter covered here has considerable overlap with class T01, especially in the case of computer communication aspects. Searching appropriate T01 codes, e.g. T01-H05, T01-H07, or T01-N codes, in conjunction with W01-A06 codes enables these topics to be further discriminated. In general, a 'network' is regarded here as an interconnection for data transfer of at least three stations, so that inventions involving data communication between only two stations are assigned W01-A07 codes instead. (Although note that W01-A07 codes may be used with W01-A06 codes to highlight a specific aspect, e.g. a power supply for a LAN is represented by W01-A06B5A and W01-A07K). Note that, as stated at the start of the W01-A code group, since 2002 inventions concerned purely with applications of data networks such as the internet, have not been covered in W01-A06 codes where specific T01 codes exist. Similarly, since 2002 electronic mail has been covered in T01-N01C only, unless specific novel data communications aspects are involved which require assignment of W01-A codes. (Prior to 2002 W01-A06E1, W01-A06G2, and W01-A06X, were routinely used, depending on details). Due to convergence between wireless network and mobile telephone technologies analogous codes should also be considered in these areas when searching particular topics. For example, W01-A06C4 codes denoting wireless networks and W01-B05A1 codes for cellular phone systems may cover overlapping areas. From 2012 W01-E codes have been introduced for mobility-related aspects such as roaming and registration in wireless data networks and mobile phone networks. Prior to 2012 inventions concerned with roaming where the emphasis is on wireless data network access were assigned W01-A06E1R or W01-A06E1S (respectively roaming between same-standard and between different-standard networks) whilst roaming with emphasis on cellular mobile telephone systems was assigned W01-B05A1R. (These codes are now discontinued and replaced by W01-E01 codes).|Mode, outstations, gateway
W01-A06A|Current||Testing and monitoring|||
W01-A06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Failsafe and standby systems||Includes standby and back-up systems.|
W01-A06A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Standby switching to powered up equipment||Includes hot standby systems. See W01-C02A1C for hot standby systems in telephone exchanges, W02-C01D3A for their use in general line communication and W02-G08A for application to radio equipment.|
W01-A06A2|Current|(1992-    )|Fault detection, isolation||Covers routines, equipment and isolation as part of fault location. Bridging/disconnecting arrangements for faulty equipment are covered in W01-A06A1 codes. See S01 codes also for measurement of specific electrical parameters. Fault detection in telephone exchanges is covered by W01-C02A1 codes. Communications system fault detection in general is covered by W02-C01D codes for line transmission, W02-C04C1 codes for optical transmission systems, and by W02-C05 codes in general.|
W01-A06A2A|Current|(2012-    )|Network apparatus testing||This code covers testing of apparatus that is being used in a network with other codes assigned as appropriate, e.g. router testing is denoted by assignment of W01-A06A2A and W01-A06G5E. Testing of data communications hardware in a 'non-network' sense, i.e. 'bench testing' or otherwise testing the equipment in isolation, is covered by W01-A07L codes, which are also used for fault detection or testing of data communications equipment for general or unspecified application.|
W01-A06A3|Current|(2005-    )|Network usage and operation monitoring||Includes measurement of network activity and quality of service, and detection of overload/blocking condition. See T01-N02B2 for computer network aspects of monitoring. Analogous arrangements in telephone switching are covered by W01-C02A1A. Prior to 2012 this code was assigned with W01-A06E to indicate resource allocation in data networks. From 2012 the topic of network resource allocation is covered by W01-A06E1L but W01-A06A3 will still be assigned also when measurement of network performance is a significant part of an invention. From 2010 resource allocation in radio communication has been covered by W02-C03G1 and cognitive radio systems are covered by W02-C03G5 with W01-A06A3, W01-A06E codes and wireless network codes assigned as appropriate.|Load measuring, QoS
W01-A06B|Current|(1987-    )|Characterised by structure||Structural codes are used where novelty exists and are also used with other W01-A06 codes as additional detail or a more general description, for example, W01-A06B2, W01-A06B5A and W01-A06E1 can be used to describe a ring LAN with a novel access or routing system.|Topology
W01-A06B1|Current|(1987-    )|Bus|||Linear network, daisy chain, DQDB
W01-A06B2|Current|(1987-    )|Loop|||Ring, FDDI, Cambridge loop
W01-A06B3|Current|(1987-    )|Star|||Dedicated link, hub, cluster, PBX
W01-A06B4|Current|(1992-    )|Tree/mesh||From 2005, the title of this code is expanded to reflect the inclusion of mesh configuration networks, and subdivided.|
W01-A06B4A|Current|(2005-    )|Tree|||
W01-A06B4C|Current|(2005-    )|Mesh|||
W01-A06B5|Current|(1992-    )|Networks||These codes are intended to define the network by size, scale, or usage.|
W01-A06B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Small scale (LAN)|||VAN, vehicle area network, CAN, controller area network
W01-A06B5B|Current|(1992-    )|Large scale (WAN)|||Public data networks, MAN
W01-A06B5C|Current|(1992-    )|ISDN||This code is intended to focus on data network aspects of ISDN. See also W01-C05B7 codes, which are assigned for all aspects.|
W01-A06B7|Current|(1997-    )|Internet and intranet|W01-A06B9|From 2002 this code has been subdivided to separately cover internet and intranet systems, and in the case of internet, for novel details and for applications. However, note that the applications code (W01-A06B7C) is only used when no other code is available elsewhere (e.g. in T01). In general, inventions concerned purely with the use of the internet without any communications novelty will not be covered in W01 from 2002.|
W01-A06B7A|Current|(2002-    )|Novel internet system details||This code is used for novel aspects of internet systems, and may involve computing aspects represented by T01 codes, e.g. T01-N or T01-M02A codes. Applications of the internet are coded in W01-A06B7C when specific codes elsewhere are not appropriate.|
W01-A06B7C|Current|(2002-    )|Applications of internet||This code is intended for applications which can not be represented by codes elsewhere. Thus, it will not normally be used for inventions involving the application of the internet to e.g. email, e-commerce, chatrooms, etc., for which T01-N01 codes are assigned.|
W01-A06B7E|Current|(2002-    )|Intranet system|||
W01-A06B7G|Current|(2005-    )|Virtual private network||The title of this code has been expanded to reflect its coverage of virtual networks in general as well as those with the emphasis on restricted access, such as private data networks that make use of public telecommunications infrastructure, e.g. maintaining privacy through the use of tunnelling protocol (see also W01-A06F7C for this aspect) and security procedures (for which W01-A06E1C is also assigned as appropriate). Virtual private telephone networks are covered by W01-C03A.|VPN, VLAN (virtual local area network)
W01-A06B8|Current|(2005-    )|Data network operation and logical structure||Includes networks operating with a client/server or client/client relationship.|
W01-A06B8A|Current|(2005-    )|Client-server network||See T01-N02A2C for computer communication using a client/server relationship.|
W01-A06B8C|Current|(2005-    )|Peer-to-peer network||Prior to 2005, all aspects of peer-to-peer network were covered in W01-A06G3. See also T01-N02A2E for computer network aspects of peer-to-peer network.|P2P
W01-A06B8E|Current|(2007-    )|Ad-hoc network||Includes dynamic network where the device are part of the network only for the duration of a communication session or, in close proximity to the rest of the network. Computer aspects of Ad-hoc network are covered by T01-N02A1B.|MANET Moblie Ad-hoc Network
W01-A06B9|Current|(1992-    )|Other data network types|||
W01-A06C|Current|(1987-    )|Characterised by medium|||Radio link, free space, optical link, multi-media network, broadband system
W01-A06C1|Current|(1987-    )|Optical fibre||Non-networked optical communication is covered by W01-A07E. Optical communication in general is covered by W02-C04 codes, optical fiber CATV networks are covered by W02-F03A3 and optical components are covered by V07 codes.|Fiber-optic network, optical coupler, optical modulator, FDDI (fiber distributed data interface), SONET
W01-A06C2|Current|(1987-    )|Coaxial cable, twisted pair||See W02-F03A1 also for LAN using CATV system. Includes dedicated twisted pair system only - see W01-C05B3 codes for shared telephonic and data communication.|
W01-A06C2A|Current|(1992-    )|Coaxial cable||Coaxial cables per se are covered by X12-D05, coaxial waveguides by W02-A01A2.|
W01-A06C2B|Current|(1992-    )|Twisted pair|||
W01-A06C3|Current|(1992-    )|Free-space optical link||Free-space optical interfaces not specifically for network communication between several stations are covered by W01-A07H3.|
W01-A06C4|Current|(1992-    )|Radio link||See W02-C03 codes for details of radio systems and W02-G codes for radio equipment itself. Short range systems e.g. Bluetooth (RTM), are assigned W01-A06B5A (to denote LAN) as well. Interfaces of this kind not specifically for network communication between several stations are covered by W01-A07H2 codes. Specific aspects of protocol peculiar to the network types listed below are covered by additional assignment of W01-A06F codes, the intention of the W01-A06C4 codes being to characterize the network link from the radio viewpoint. From 2012 W01-E codes are introduced to cover mobility-related aspects such as roaming and registration in wireless data networks (and mobile phone networks) and these codes will be assigned in preference to W01-A06C4 codes for these specific topics unless the use of W01-A06 codes is required to indicate other significant aspects of an invention, in which case W01-A06C4 codes will also be assigned.|
W01-A06C4A|Current|(2002-    )|IEEE 802.15 radio link, including Bluetooth||Radio systems for remote measurement and control are covered by W05-D codes, e.g. W05-D06A1A and W05-D08C1. Sensor networks are covered by W05-D06F and W05-D08E. W01-A06C4A is assigned when the wireless network aspect is significant.|ZigBee, WPAN, 802.15x
W01-A06C4C|Current|(2002-    )|Dect-based radio link||DECT systems for actual telephone usage are assigned W01-B05A1B and W02-C03C3 codes, with handsets covered by W01-C01D1 codes.|
W01-A06C4E|Current|(2005-    )|IEEE 802.11 radio link||Includes systems using 802.11x standards.|Wi-Fi, 802.11x
W01-A06C4G|Current|(2006-    )|IEEE 802.16 radio link||This code covers long-range data communications by radio, including wireless MAN, etc.|WiMAX, WMAN, 802.16x
W01-A06C4K|Current|(2005-    )|UWB and impulse radio link||Covers carrier-free and carrier-based links using time hopping and similar techniques. Novel details of ultra-wideband systems are covered by W02-K05 codes, especially W02-K05A9 codes.|
W01-A06C4X|Current|(2002-    )|Other radio link for networks|||
W01-A06C6|Current|(2006-    )|Power line data network||Covers network using power line carrier as the medium for data transmission, and not systems for supplying power via data network conductors, which are coded according to network type and in U24-H codes. Novel aspects of power line communication are covered in W02-C01A3. See also under application e.g. W05-D06P for remote control aspects and X12-H03E codes for power line carrier systems.|
W01-A06C9|Current|(1992-    )|Other transmission media for networks|||
W01-A06D|Current|(1992-    )|Network modelling|W01-A06X|Includes use of CAD (computer aided design) to design and test networks. Search with T01-J15A4 also.|
W01-A06E|Current|(1992-    )|Network control and software|W01-A06X|Includes hardware and software for control of transmission and reception of messages and/or data across a network. See also T01-N02B1A code for network management software. Prior to 2012 this code was assigned with W01-A06A3 for network resource allocation, but from 2012 this topic is covered by W01-A06E1L. (W01-A06A3 is also assigned as necessary where actual network performance measurement is part of an invention). |
W01-A06E1|Current|(1992-    )|Access and routing||Includes Media Access Control (MAC), see W01-A06G3 also. Network addressing as opposed to routing (i.e. for determining destination of packets, and not the route that they will travel) is covered in T01-N02A1A. From 2006, all aspects of routing are covered by W01-A06E1J and since 2002, routers per se have been covered by W01-A06G5E.|
W01-A06E1A|Current|(1997-    )|Data conferencing and broadcasting||Includes transmission of messages to all users on a LAN, for example (with W01-A06B5A). Electronic mail in general is covered by T01-N01C. See W01-C02B1 for telephone conferencing system and W02-F08A codes for video conferencing system.|Message broadcasting, multi-casting
W01-A06E1C|Current|(2005-    )|User privileges/password system||Includes systems for granting or denying access to a network. (See T01-N02B1B for computer aspects of user privileges/password systems).|Security, login, permissions, access control list
W01-A06E1E|Current|(2005-    )|Metering and billing aspects||Covers billing and usage aspects of data network services. Analogous systems for telephone usage charging are covered by W01-C06 codes.|Internet-cafe, public wireless access point
W01-A06E1G|Current|(2005-    )|Graded service||This code covers the provision of different level/quality of service based on entitlement/agreement in a network context. Analogous arrangements for telephone service are covered by W01-C02B6 codes.|
W01-A06E1J|Current|(2006-    )|Routing||This code covers determination of the appropriate path by which data should travel between two places.|
W01-A06E1L|Current|(2012-    )|Data network resource allocation||Prior to 2012 this topic was covered by W01-A06A3 and W01-A06E. Where measurement of network performance is a significant part of an invention W01-A06A3 will also be assigned. From 2010 resource allocation in radio communication has been covered by W02-C03G1 and cognitive radio systems are covered by W02-C03G5 with W01-A06A3, W01-A06E codes and wireless network codes assigned as appropriate.|
W01-A06E1R|Retired|(2006-2011)|Roaming between same-standard networks*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter will be covered by W01-E01A1. W01-A06E1R remains valid and searchable for records between 2006 and 2011 when it was used for roaming between networks, e.g. wireless LANs for which W01-A06B5A and W01-A06C4 codes were also assigned, it being assumed that the networks are operating on the same transmission standards. Roaming between different-standard networks was covered by W01-A06E1S, which took precedence over W01-A06E1R.|
W01-A06E1S|Retired|(2006-2011)|Roaming between networks operating on different standards*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter will be covered by W01-E01A3. W01-A06E1S remains valid and searchable for records between 2006 and 2011 when it covered roaming between networks operating on different transmission standards, including switching between wireless data networks and mobile telephone networks when W01-B05A1R was also assigned. When used, W01-A06E1S took precedence over W01-A06E1R, which covered same-network type roaming.|
W01-A06E2|Current|(1992-    )|Mode|||
W01-A06E2A|Current|(1992-    )|Centralised control||Covers networks where the host exercises control over the tributary stations all of which are connected to it. The host may also act as a message-switching device between remote sites. See W01-A06G1 also for network circuit switching. Prior to 2002 W01-A06E2A was used to denote polling, with W01-A06F also assigned for significant protocol aspects. From 2002, the topic of polling will be covered by W01-A06F1C, with W01-A06E2A only assigned for specific 'centralised control' aspects.|
W01-A06E2B|Current|(1992-    )|Decentralised control||Includes hierarchical and distributed systems. Covers networks where each station may be connected to several others in the network; giving the possibility to share resources and to distribute the database to the systems which access the data most frequently.|Random access
W01-A06F|Current|(1992-    )|Network protocol|W01-A07G|W01-A06F codes are assigned to highlight the protocol in use in a network without this being necessarily novel. When some aspect of protocol is novel, W01-A06F5 is also assigned. From 2002 access control topics previously covered by W01-A03A codes are transferred to these codes which will cover all the types of protocols.|CODEC, DQDB, OSI layer, bi-sync, SDLC, HDLC, SDH, PDH
W01-A06F1|Current|(2002-    )|Access control||Search with W01-A06 codes for network aspects, e.g. with W01-A06B5A for access control in LANs. See also T01 codes, such as T01-H07B and T01-N02 codes.|Access right, protocol, arbitration, code division, CDMA, binding
W01-A06F1A|Current|(2002-    )|Contention protocols|W01-A03A1, W01-A06F|Includes Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD and CA) and Ethernet(RTM). Request handling for interconnection or data transfer in computer systems is covered by T01-H05 codes, e.g. T01-H05B3 for contention avoidance for access to common bus. W01-A06F1A is also used for network access aspects of cognitive radio (with W01-A06C4 codes) based on channel state sensing in which case W02-C03G5 is also assigned from 2010. Resource allocation in data networks in general is covered by W01-A06E1L. (From 2005 to 2012 resource allocation was covered by W01-A06A3 and W01-A06E).|Back-off, channel occupancy, collision avoidance, collision detection, contention, DC level shift, Ethernet(RTM), heterodyne, random delay, timeout period
W01-A06F1C|Current|(2002-    )|Polling protocols|W01-A06E2A, W01-A06F|Includes hub and roll call polling. Prior to 2002 polling was covered by W01-A06E2A with W01-A06F for protocol aspects.|
W01-A06F1E|Current|(2002-    )|Token pass protocols|W01-A03A3|Token pass protocols for ring networks are also coded in W01-A06B2, and in W01-A06B1 for bus networks.|Dynamic logical ring, priority token, address, FDDI
W01-A06F1G|Current|(2002-    )|Time division multiple access (TDMA)|W01-A03A2|See W01-A03C1 for non-network aspects of TDMA in data transmission and W02-C03B and W02-K codes, e.g. W02-C03B1D and W02-K02D, for TDMA aspects of satellite radio system.|Aloha, slotted, synchronous, frame, burst transmission, DQDB (distributed queue dual bus), CRMA (cyclic reservation multiple access)
W01-A06F2|Current|(2002-    )|Network layer protocols|||Routing, IP multicast
W01-A06F2A|Current|(2002-    )|IP|W01-A06B7, W01-A06F||Mobile IP
W01-A06F2C|Current|(2002-    )|TCP/IP|||
W01-A06F3|Current|(2002-    )|Application layer protocols|||HTTP, Telnet, FTP, SMTP, NNTP, Network File System, DNS/BIND, SNMP, POP, RTP, URIs, MIME, UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
W01-A06F5|Current|(2002-    )|Novel protocol||This code is used with other W01-A06F codes as appropriate to denote that some aspect of the protocol itself is novel.|
W01-A06F7|Current|(2005-    )|Network protocol conversion, encapsulation, and tunnelling|W01-A06F9|This code covers arrangements for handling different protocols within a network, the topic previously being covered in W01-A06F9.|
W01-A06F7A|Current|(2005-    )|Network protocol conversion|||
W01-A06F7C|Current|(2005-    )|Network protocol encapsulation and tunnelling||For protocol tunnelling in connection with VPNs search with W01-A06B7G.|
W01-A06F9|Current|(2002-    )|Other network protocol aspects|||
W01-A06G|Current|(1992-    )|Network switching/connection|W01-A06X||
W01-A06G1|Current|(1992-    )|Circuit switching||Covers centralised switching method, with one branch exchange (PBX), calls are centralised and switched and distributed switching method with hierarchical network, having a number of DSN's (Distributed Switching Nodes) controlled so that the entire system operates as one exchange. See also W01-A06E2 for centralised and decentralised network control. Includes stored program control and use of time division.|Fourth generation PBX
W01-A06G2|Current|(1992-    )|Stored and forward switching||Includes packet routing (with W01-A03B codes), using radio channel (with W01-A06C4), flow control, bandwidth control and message switching systems. For facsimile systems see W02-J08A also.|
W01-A06G3|Current|(1992-    )|Network inter-connection||Covers communication conducted between a number of LANs using a MAC (media access control) to connect them through a bridge apparatus. Includes source routing and non-source routing; bridging of networks; and interconnect programs. See W01-A06E and T01 codes for network software in general. Also includes network interfacing. From 2005, all aspects of peer-to-peer network are covered in W01-A06B8C.|MAU (medium attachment units), BBN (backbone network)
W01-A06G5|Current|(2002-    )|Network switching and interconnecting devices||These codes are intended to highlight particular devices used in networks for connection, switching, routing and repeating purposes. The codes may be used alone if of general application or in conjunction with other W01-A06 codes as appropriate.|
W01-A06G5A|Current|(2002-    )|Cross-connect switch|||
W01-A06G5C|Current|(2002-    )|Gateway or bridges||Includes wireless access points (normally with W01-A06C4E), previously coded in W01-A06G5 or W01-A06G5E, depending on specific aspects, and in W01-A06C4X.|
W01-A06G5E|Current|(2002-    )|Router||Routers were previously coded in W01-A06E1, which is still assigned for significant control aspects.|
W01-A06G5G|Current|(2002-    )|Network repeaters||This code is intended to be used as a single reference for repeaters for data transmission in general, and replaces W01-A08A2 and W01-A08B1 (repeaters for baseband data transmission), which are discontinued from 2002. Network repeaters for which the baseband aspect is significant will from now on be assigned W01-A06G5G and an appropriate W01-A08 code, while for cases where broadband transmission is significant, W01-A09 codes will be used with W01-A06C5G. Repeaters for line communication in general are covered by W02-C01E codes, for radio by W02-G05C and W02-C03B codes, and for optical communication in general by W02-C04A5.|
W01-A06G5X|Current|(2002-    )|Other network switching and interconnecting devices||Includes devices providing simple interconnection without any switching necessarily taking place, e.g. hubs.|
W01-A06G9|Current|(1992-    )|Switching/connection of networks - other|||
W01-A06X|Current||Exchanges; connections between exchanges (incl. LAN) - other|||
W01-A07|Current||Standard code systems and general data transmission systems or equipment||W01-A07 codes are intended for inventions in the field of data transmission of a generally applicable nature. Although W01-A07 codes may be used with W01-A06 (network) codes to highlight a specific aspect, (e.g. a power supply for a LAN is represented by W01-A06B5A and W01-A07K), in general, inventions involving data communication between only two stations are assigned W01-A07 codes whilst those involving data transfer between three or more stations are regarded as networks and are assigned W01-A06 codes.|Signalling format, text
W01-A07A|Current||Dot-and-dash code systems|||Morse code, telegraphy, telegraph operator, training, mark, space
W01-A07B|Current||Equal-length code element systems||Includes telex and analogous systems, also coded in W01-C05B3D.|Teleprinter
W01-A07C|Current|(1992-    )|Transmitter apparatus or circuits|||
W01-A07D|Current|(1992-    )|Receiver apparatus or circuits|||
W01-A07E|Current|(1992-    )|Optical communications||Prior to 2006 this code was used with W01-A07H1 to indicate optical fiber interfaces, now covered by W01-A07H4 alone. Data networks using fiber-optic and free-space optical links are respectively covered by W01-A06C1 or W01-A06C3. W02-C04 codes cover optical communication in general and are also assigned for novel details such as light source drive circuitry, photodiode current amplifiers, etc.|
W01-A07F|Current|(1992-    )|Communication control and processing|||Line termination
W01-A07F1|Current|(1992-    )|For a number of communication lines|||Restoral
W01-A07G|Current|(1992-    )|Communication protocol||This code and its subdivision are intended for novel or significant aspects of data communication protocols in a general or non-network context. W01-A06F codes are assigned instead of W01-A07G codes for protocol aspects specific to networks. Computer communication protocols are covered by T01-N02A1.|
W01-A07G1|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission control procedure||Includes data link level control.|Time out detection, contention type
W01-A07G9|Current|(1992-    )|Other general protocol aspects|||
W01-A07H|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by interface or data terminal|||
W01-A07H1|Current|(1997-    )|Wired interface||This code is intended for transmission of data through a wired medium, including serial and parallel interfaces. Prior to 2006 this code included optical fiber interfaces when used with W01-A07E. From 2006 interfaces of that type are covered by W01-A07H4.|RS-232, serial port, USB, universal serial bus, IEEE1394, firewire, i-link(r), RS-485, parallel port, Centronics(tm)
W01-A07H2|Current|(1997-    )|Radio and near-field interface||From 2010 the title of this code has been changed to reflect the previous inclusion of near-field interfaces, now covered by W01-A07H2N. Prior to 2010 search W01-A07H2* with W02-C02 codes or with the terms 'near-field' or 'NFC' for interfaces based on near-field communication. See W02-C02 codes for novel details of near-field systems, W02-C03 codes for details of radio systems and W02-G codes for radio equipment itself. Specific aspects of protocol peculiar to the interface types listed below are covered by additional assignment of W01-A07G codes, the intention of the W01-A07H2 codes being to characterise the interface from the radio viewpoint. Radio links specifically for network communication between several stations (i.e. more than two) are covered by W01-A06C4 codes.|
W01-A07H2A|Current|(2002-    )|Bluetooth and ZigBee radio interface||From 2010 the title of this code is changed to reflect the previous inclusion of ZigBee-based radio interfaces. Wireless network aspects of Bluetooth and ZigBee systems (i.e. more than two stations communicating using IEEE 802.15 standard) are covered by W01-A06C4A. Novel aspects of the frequency-hopping system are also assigned W02-K05A6 and other W02-K05 codes as appropriate.|
W01-A07H2C|Current|(2002-    )|Dect-based radio interface||DECT systems for actual telephone usage are assigned W01-B05A1B and W02-C03C3 codes, with handsets covered by W01-C01D1 codes.|
W01-A07H2K|Current|(2005-    )|UWB and impulse radio link||Covers carrier-free and carrier-based links using time hopping and similar techniques. Novel details of ultra-wideband systems are covered by W02-K05 codes, especially W02-K05A9 codes. UWB wireless links between three or more stations (regarded as a network) are covered by W01-A06C4K.|
W01-A07H2N|Current|(2010-    )|Near-field interface|W01-A07H2, W02-C02|This code covers interfaces for transfer of digital data using near-field communication (NFC) systems based on inductive loops and magnetic or electric fields, and also those using antennas with deliberately enhanced near-field or suppressed far-field characteristics, including those operating at microwave frequencies. Interfaces using normal far-field radio communication are not included and are covered by other W01-A07H2 codes. Novel aspects of the near-field system are also assigned W02-C02 and W02-G codes as appropriate. Near-field interfaces for mobile phones are also assigned W01-C01D3C and W01-C01R codes. Use of a mobile phone as an electronic ticket or similar is covered by W01-C01D3C and W01-C01P9.|
W01-A07H2X|Current|(2002-    )|Other radio interface|||
W01-A07H3|Current|(1997-    )|Free space optical interface||Free space optical communication specifically for data networks is covered by W01-A06C3, and in general by W02-C04B2 codes.|IrDA
W01-A07H4|Current|(2006-    )|Optical fibre interface||Prior to 2006 this topic was covered by W01-A07E and W01-A07H1. Novel details of optical communications equipment are also assigned W02-C04 codes and those relating to novel fiber-optic technology are also assigned V07 codes.|
W01-A07J|Current|(1997-    )|General construction details|W01-A07X|See also V04-S or V04-T codes.|
W01-A07K|Current|(1997-    )|Power supply|W01-A07X|See also U24 codes, e.g. U24-D and U24-E for further details of power supplies.|
W01-A07L|Current|(1997-    )|Fault detection and apparatus testing||From 2012 the title of this code has been changed to clarify its coverage of fault detection and testing of equipment for data communications in a general or 'non-network' application. Fault detection in a network environment, i.e. while the equipment is connected in the network, is covered by W01-A06A2 and from 2012 W01-A06A2A has been introduced specifically for network apparatus testing.|
W01-A07L1|Current|(2012-    )|Data communications equipment fault detection||Fault detection in data networks is covered by W01-A06A2.|
W01-A07L5|Current|(2012-    )|Data communications equipment testing||Testing of equipment while it is connected in a network is covered by W01-A06A2A.|
W01-A07X|Current|(1992-    )|Standard code systems and general data transmission systems or equipment - other|||
W01-A08|Current||DC systems||From 2002 the title of this code is expanded to better reflect its coverage of baseband data transmission systems. The codes is this section are used for any aspect of data transmission in which a DC or baseband aspect is significant, e.g. they may be applied to the post demodulation processing in a radio receiver. Data transmission in which broadband, modulated carrier, aspects are significant, are covered by W01-A09 codes.|Direct coupled
W01-A08A|Current||Synchronous or start-stop systems|||
W01-A08A1|Current|(1992-    )|Transmitting circuits/receiving circuits|||Distributors, repeaters
W01-A08A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by code||Includes predistortion, insertion, idle bit, using 3 or more amplitude levels, transition code and correlative code. See W01-A02 for data transmission characterised by use of code conversion, and U21-A05 codes for specific coding formats.|HDB3 code, Baudot code
W01-A08A1B|Current|(1992-    )|With storage before transmission or reception|||
W01-A08A2|Retired|(1992-2001)|Repeater, relay circuits*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 the subject matter covered is transferred to W01-A06G5G. W01-A08A2 remains valid and searchable for records between 1992 and 2001. During this time W01-A08B1 was regarded as the general code for baseband data transmission repeaters.|
W01-A08B|Current||Shaping networks; repeater and relay circuits||From 2002 data transmission repeaters are covered by W01-A06G5G.|
W01-A08B1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Repeater and relay circuits*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 the subject matter covered is transferred to W01-A06G5G. W01-A08B1 remains valid and searchable for records between 1992 and 2001. During this time W01-A08B1 was regarded as the general code for baseband data transmission repeaters and W01-A08A2 was assigned for repeaters specific to synchronous or start-stop systems. From 2002, repeaters specific to baseband data transmission will be indicated by W01-A06G5G and a W01-A08 code as appropriate.|Regenerator, single to double current, semiconductor, optical sensing, modulation
W01-A08B2|Current|(1992-    )|Shaping networks||Includes decision feedback and transversal equalisers, and passive shaping networks. See W02-C01B2B for general line transmission equalisers and W02-C03E1B for radio receiver equalisers, also assigned W02-G03 codes, e.g. W02-G03B6.|Adaptive, DFE, coefficient, weighting, tap
W01-A08C|Current|(1992-    )|Non-synchronous systems|W01-A08X|Includes using 3 of more different amplitudes e.g. cable code.|Asynchronous
W01-A08D|Current|(2007-    )|Differential data transmission||This code covers differential data transmission and is assigned with other W01-A08 codes as appropriate. Novel logic circuits intended for use in differential serial bus systems are covered by U21-C02D1.|LVDS
W01-A08E|Current|(2007-    )|DC offset suppression or adjustment||This code covers the suppression or removal of DC offsets and the clamping of a signal to a desired DC level, primarily in baseband signals. Novel circuits for clamping the level of pulse signals in general to a desired DC level are covered by U22-D01A1A.|
W01-A08X|Current||Other DC systems|||Interface, coupling
W01-A09|Current||AC systems||From 2002 the title of this code has been changed (formerly 'AC systems') to better reflect its coverage of broadband data transmission systems, generally employing modulated carriers. Data transmission systems in which baseband data is directly transmitted ('DC systems') are covered by W01-A08 codes. Codes are generally assigned to highlight a particular mode of transmission, e.g. OOK, FSK, QAM, and where appropriate to focus on particular novel aspects of modulators or demodulators (W01-A09E codes).|Modulate, modem, demodulate, carrier systems, broadband systems, multilevel
W01-A09A|Current||Amplitude and frequency modulated carrier systems|||
W01-A09A1|Current|(1992-    )|AM carrier systems|||On-off keying (OOK), single side band (SSB), vestigial side band (VSB), superheterodyne, carrier recovery
W01-A09A2|Current|(1992-    )|FM carrier systems|||FSK, TFM, using filters, oscillators, quadrature
W01-A09B|Current|(1987-    )|PSK||Includes suppressed carrier product modulation methods by means of a digital signal.|Phase shift keying, binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), differential phase shift keying (DPSK), Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK), minimum shift keying (MSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)
W01-A09C|Current|(1987-    )|QAM and hybrid modulation|||Quadrature amplitude modulation, 16-QAM, constellation, signal points
W01-A09C1|Current|(2005-    )|QAM|||
W01-A09C5|Current|(2005-    )|Layered modulation|||
W01-A09D|Current|(1992-    )|Using multi-frequency codes|W01-A09X|Covers simultaneous transmission of different frequencies each representing one code element and systems where each code element is represented by a combination of frequencies. Multifrequency signalling for telephony is coded in W01-B09 only.|
W01-A09E|Current|(1992-    )|Modems|W01-A09|Search with other W01-A09 codes for specific modulation type. Telephone line modems are also assigned W01-C05B3A and novel modulator or demodulator circuitry is also assigned U23-P01J codes.|Frequency-multiplexing, microwave, QPSK, CPSK, DPSK
W01-A09E1|Current|(1992-    )|Modulator circuits||Search with U23 codes e.g. U23-P01J1 for digital aspects and U23-D01C codes for PLL aspects.|
W01-A09E2|Current|(1992-    )|Demodulator circuits||Search with U23 codes e.g. U23-P01J3 for digital aspects and U23-D01C codes for PLL aspects.|Carrier recovery, PLL, Costas loop
W01-A09E3|Current|(1997-    )|Voice over data transmission||Includes modem, modulation or demodulation aspects only. Covers switching between voice and data transmission, compression, and out of band transmission. Search with U23 codes for modulation aspects as appropriate. Search W01-C05B3G for combination with telephone system or T01 codes for combination with computing system. Voice-over-IP telephone communication is covered by W01-C05B4C from 2002. (Prior to 2002, W01-A06B7, W01-A06F, and W01-C05B3 were used, in addition to T01-H07C5E).|SVD, voice span(r), VoiceView(r)
W01-A09X|Current||AC systems - other|||
W01-A20|Current||Digital information transmission - other|||
W01-B|Current||Selecting||Includes selection (i.e. switching), for telephony (W01-C) and other signal applications. Mechanical switches per se are covered by V03, and electronic switching by U21-B codes.|
W01-B01|Current||Direct selection|||
W01-B02|Current||Indirect selection||This code is used for novel signal switches per se, including optical switching. See also V03 codes or U21-B codes as appropriate, e.g. U21-B05E. RF waveguide technology switches are covered by W02-A04A code.|Space switching, optical switching, relay, electronic, switch, matrix
W01-B02A|Current||Common control by centralised logic|||Processor control
W01-B02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Stored program control||See also T01 codes.|SPC, microprocessor, microprogram, microcomputer, computer
W01-B02X|Current||Other indirect selection|||Clock signal distribution, distributed control
W01-B03|Current||Connecting to satellite or subexchange; distribution; caller identification|||Inter-exchange link, concentrator, stacking
W01-B03A|Current|(1992-    )|Connecting to satellite or subexchange, distribution|W01-B03||
W01-B03C|Current|(1992-    )|Caller identification|W01-B03|From 2002, transmission of caller ID, and its inhibition, as special subscriber services in an exchange are covered by W01-C02B3C and W01-C02B3E respectively. Prior to then, W01-B03C was assigned for these topics with W01-C02B9. From 2002 W01-B03C is used only for novel aspects of determining caller ID.|Call tracing
W01-B04|Current||Party line selection|||
W01-B05|Current||Connecting via radio or inductive links||The codes in this subgroup deal with connections that do not involve use of cables or optical fibers, the essential feature being a 'wireless' aspect. Further details are specified by co-assignment of 'transmission system' codes in the W02-C group as appropriate, e.g. W02-C03C codes when mobile radio is involved.|Selective calling, cellular radiotelephone, cordless telephone, paging
W01-B05A|Current|(1992-    )|Radio||This section relates to both base station apparatus and to overall radio systems, and should be used with W02-C03 and W02-G codes as appropriate for these aspects.|
W01-B05A1|Current|(1992-    )|For mobile radio telephone system||See W01-C01D codes for subscriber equipment. Includes multi-handset cordless telephones, see also W01-C01D1.|
W01-B05A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Cellular||This code is normally assigned to indicate layout or design of a cellular telephone system, the arrangement of cells and base stations, or novel methods of operating the network involving signalling, paging, and the like. (Note that dedicated 'paging systems' are not coded here, being covered by W01-B05A5 for selective calling aspects). Novel base station details are also included, for which W02-C03C1B is also assigned. In general, other W02-C03C1 'cellular radio' codes are also assigned with W01-B05A1A as necessary when mobile radio system aspects are significant. When emphasis is on 'telephone exchange' and 'switching' aspects of cellular mobile phone systems W01-B05A1C is assigned instead of W01-B05A1A. From 2012 W01-E codes are introduced to cover mobility-related aspects such as roaming and registration in mobile phone networks (and wireless data networks) and these codes will be assigned in preference to W01-B05A1 codes for these specific topics. If the use of W01-B05A1A is required to indicate other significant aspects of an invention the code will be assigned in addition to W01-E codes.|Microcellular, macrocellular, GSM, PCN, NADC, JDC, Qualcomm(r), CDMA
W01-B05A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Cordless call-point phone system||Cordless telephones per se are covered by W01-C01D1 codes. Non-cellular mobile radio system aspects are indicated by use of W02-C03C3 codes.|CT2, CT3, DECT, PHS
W01-B05A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Exchange details||This code is normally used instead of W01-B05A1A when focus is on 'telephone exchange' and 'switching' aspects of cellular mobile phone systems. W02-C03C1 codes are not normally required, but may be assigned when specifically relevant. From 2012 W01-E codes are introduced to cover mobility-related aspects such as roaming and registration in mobile phone networks (and wireless data networks) and these codes will be assigned in preference to W01-B05A1C for these specific topics. If the use of W01-B05A1C is required to indicate other significant aspects of an invention the code will be assigned in addition to W01-E codes.|
W01-B05A1D|Current|(1997-    )|Direct mode connection between telephones||Search with other W01-B codes for dual mode operation, e.g. W01-B05A1A or W01-B05A1B for switching between cellular or cordless call point systems and direct mode. Direct mode radio telephone sets themselves are covered by W01-C01D2, with further details specified by other W01-C01 codes regarding telephone aspects and W02-C03C and W02-G codes assigned to highlight RF aspects.|Digital short range radio system (DSRRS)
W01-B05A1E|Current|(1997-    )|Satellite telephone connection||W02-C03B1 codes are assigned to indicate aspects of satellite radio relay systems. For the purpose of highlighting the 'mobile radio' aspect, satellite telephone systems are regarded as being of cellular type, i.e. W02-C03C1 codes are also assigned. Satellite telephone sets themselves are assigned W01-C01D3E, and other W01-C01 codes as appropriate.|TFTS, aeroplane telephone
W01-B05A1F|Current|(1997-    )|Short messaging service||This code covers exchange and 'system' aspects specific to mobile telephone networks. 'Special subscriber service' aspects of SMS - i.e. aspects of the system as it appears to subscribers in terms of features offered by the service provider - are covered by W01-C02B7D instead. SMS telephones themselves are assigned W01-C01G6A (and W01-C01D3C when a mobile phone is involved). Prior to 2009 these aspects of MMS were also covered here (now assigned W01-B05A1H).|
W01-B05A1G|Current|(1997-    )|Fixed location radio telephone access||W02-C03D codes are also assigned to indicate the 'point-to-point' nature of the radio link.|
W01-B05A1H|Current|(2009-    )|Multimedia messaging service|W01-B05A1F|This code covers exchange and 'system' aspects specific to mobile telephone networks. Prior to 2009 these aspects of MMS were assigned W01-B05A1F. 'Special subscriber service' aspects of MMS - i.e. aspects of the system as it appears to subscribers in terms of features offered by the service provider - are covered by W01-C02B7F instead. MMS telephones themselves are assigned W01-C01G6B (and W01-C01D3C when a mobile phone is involved).|
W01-B05A1M|Current|(2006-    )|Network broadcasting||This code is intended for network broadcast messages for system management and information, and other broadcasting aspects, e.g. involving entertainment aspects with W01-C05 codes assigned as appropriate.|
W01-B05A1N|Retired|(2006-2011)|Registration of mobile subscriber*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter will be covered by W01-E01C3. W01-B05A1N remains valid and searchable for records between 2006 and 2011 when it covered registration of mobile subscribers in mobile telephone networks.|
W01-B05A1Q|Retired|(2006-2011)|Location register details*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter will be covered by W01-E01C1. W01-B05A1Q remains valid and searchable for records between 2006 and 2012 when it covered location register aspects of mobile telephone networks.|HLR, VLR
W01-B05A1R|Retired|(2006-2011)|Subscriber roaming aspects*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter will be covered by W01-E01A codes. W01-B05A1R remains valid and searchable for records between 2006 and 2011 when it covered roaming in mobile telephone networks and when assigned with W01-A06E1S, switching between wireless data networks and mobile telephone networks.|
W01-B05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Inter-exchange connection||See also W01-C03 for telephone system and W02-C03B codes for radio relay systems.|Trunked radio, TETRA
W01-B05A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Terrestrial||See also W02-C03B codes for radio relay systems and W02-C03D codes for point-to-point radio links.|
W01-B05A3B|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite||See also W02-C03B codes.|
W01-B05A5|Current|(1992-    )|Paging system||This code covers selective calling aspects of traditional paging systems i.e. those normally operating over a dedicated mobile radio network in which text messages and the like are transmitted to dedicated portable receivers, usually operating independently of mobile telephone systems. All aspects of paging systems and equipment are covered by W05-A05C codes and novel mobile radio system details by W02-C03C codes. Note that 'paging' in the sense of a base station transmitting a message to a mobile phone to set-up a call in a cellular telephone system is not included, being covered by W01-B05A1A.|POCSAG, code, address
W01-B05A7|Current|(1992-    )|For non-telephone mobile radio||Includes selective calling for private mobile radio.|Multichannel access, MCA, PMR
W01-B05A9|Current|(1992-    )|Other radio link selection aspects|||
W01-B05B|Current|(1992-    )|Inductive||See W02-C02 codes for near field inductive systems also.|
W01-B05C|Current|(1992-    )|Optical||See W02-C04 codes for optical transmission systems also.|
W01-B05X|Current|(1992-    )|Other wireless telephone connection|||
W01-B06|Retired|(1980-2011)|Telecontrol and telemetry systems*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter will be covered by W05-D02 codes. W01-B06 remains valid and searchable for records between 1980 and 2011 when it was used for selection aspects only of telemetry and telecontrol, and was not regarded as the main code for this topic. All aspects of general-purpose telemetry or telecontrol are covered by W05-D codes which should be searched with application as appropriate. Exceptions to this are: general audio/video remote control, coded in W03-G05A codes; remote control for TV receivers coded in W03-A02C codes; remote control for recording equipment coded in W04-E04A; remote control for TV camera coded in W04-M01D1A.|
W01-B07|Current||Selection for multiplex systems||See W02-K codes for multiplex systems in general.|Time switch, time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM)
W01-B08|Current||Testing equipment||This code is used either on its own or in conjunction with other codes from the W01-B group to indicate the type of switching system under test. W01-B08 is intended for testing of selection apparatus only, and not for testing of a whole exchange, which is covered by either W01-A06A or W01-C02A codes depending upon the exchange type.|Selection equipment test/maintenance
W01-B09|Current||Signalling||See also appropriate codes for oscillators and tone generators, e.g. U23-F02.|Multi frequency, DTMF signalling, pushbutton dial signalling, MF, dual tone, PB
W01-B20|Current||Other selecting||Includes distribution frames, circuit card mountings and other constructional aspects. See V04-T02 for rack construction in general.|
W01-C|Current||Telephony|||
W01-C01|Current||Subscriber equipment||Includes analogous equipment when used in conjunction with appropriate code.|
W01-C01A|Current||Construction (including cradle switch mechanical aspects)||For telephone handset see V06-C also.|Telephone set housing, handset, case, mounting, fixing, wall-bracket, machanical hook switch, mechanical telephone lock, hygiene attachment, disinfecting, cleaning
W01-C01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Internal construction e.g. PCB mounting|||
W01-C01A2|Current|(1997-    )|Display||This code is intended for constructional aspects arising from the inclusion of a display and does not cover novel display devices such as LCDs themselves, which are covered by W01-C01B3E. Arrangements for display of incoming call number are covered by W01-C01F3. Constructional aspects relating to touch screens are also assigned W01-C01B8H.|
W01-C01A2A|Current|(2002-    )|Back or edge lighting for telephone display||From 2007, these topics in general are covered by X26-U04A codes (now the main codes for backlighting and edge lighting) which are also assigned and in U14-K01A4C, assuming LCD. Prior to 2006, W05-E05B codes (now discontinued) were assigned in this role. During 2006 W05-E05B codes were also assigned when wider applications were stated but were not used with W01-C01A2A for cases specific to telephone displays alone.|
W01-C01A2C|Current|(2006-    )|Multiple display aspects||Covers the use of more than one display and arrangements for viewing a display from e.g. both sides of a handset.|
W01-C01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Casing and hand set construction||Telephone handsets as casings for electroacoustic transducers are coded in V06-C also. To link the features represented by the following codes with portable mobile phones search with W01-C01D3C.|
W01-C01A3A|Current|(2002-    )|Handset with movable portion||Includes 'folding' or 'flip' aspects, e.g. for mobile phones.|
W01-C01A3C|Current|(2002-    )|Handset or casing with detachable fascia or similar portion||This code is intended for fascias and similar parts which can be changed by the user, e.g. for customising mobile phones.|
W01-C01A3E|Current|(2002-    )|Handset or casing with novel shape or appearance||This code is intended for telephone sets or casings with unconventional shape, e.g. with some novelty or amusement aspect.|
W01-C01A3G|Current|(2006-    )|Telephone set incorporated into clothing||Includes telephones, usually of portable type and hence also assigned W01-C01D3C, forming a permanent part of headgear or other clothing. Mountings for telephones which are detachable from clothing are covered by W01-C01A5. X27-A02B1 codes are also assigned in either case.|
W01-C01A4|Current|(1997-    )|Radiation exposure protection features||This code covers constructional arrangements, especially shielding and screening, for protecting the user of a mobile phone from RF radiation and is normally used with W01-C01D3C (for cellular handsets). See also V04-U, S05-A03 and W02 codes, especially W02-B08B5 when antenna details are relevant. |Radio telephone, handset, portable, SAR, specific absorption rate 
W01-C01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Support, mounting bracket||Includes arrangements for e.g. wall mounting, or vehicle dashboard installation (with W01-C01D3B) or attaching to belt etc.|
W01-C01A6|Current|(1997-    )|Telephone cover||This code is intended for hard or soft carrying cases for telephone sets, especially hand-held mobile phones for which W01-C01D3C is also assigned. Detachable covers in the form of coloured fascias which can be changed by the user are not included in W01-C01A6 and are assigned W01-C01A3C.|Mobile, radio, portable, case
W01-C01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Acoustic constructional details||Includes loudspeaker enclosures external to telephone set per se, e.g. for loudspeaker, conference or car telephone. See W01-C01A1 or W01-C01A3 for mounting of loudspeaker or microphone in telephone. (Also assigned V06-V codes and W04-S01 codes).|
W01-C01A8|Current|(2009-    )|Telephone set cooling|W01-C01A9, W01-C08X, W02-G01H|This code is intended for novel aspects of cooling for subscriber telephones and related equipment. Other codes are assigned as appropriate, e.g. battery cooling in a mobile phone is represented by W01-C01A8, W01-C01D3C and W01-C01E5B. Cooling of the transmitter part of a mobile phone is also coded as W02-G01H (e.g. with W02-C03C1C, assuming a cellphone). Cooling of telephone equipment in general is covered by W01-C08X. In all cases V04-T03 codes (for cooling electronic equipment in general) are assigned as appropriate.|
W01-C01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Other constructional details||Includes hygiene arrangements, see also V06 codes. For telephone cable connected to subscriber equipment see W01-C01X.|
W01-C01B|Current||Subscriber calling devices||See W01-B09 also for MF tone generator.|Rotary dial, pushbutton, key, select, call
W01-C01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Autodiallers, repertory dialling|||Number memory, card storage, last number re-dial, automatic dialler, alarm autodialler, modem autodialler
W01-C01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Number storage, repertory|||
W01-C01B1B|Current|(1992-    )|Voice dialling, hands free dialling||See also W04-V codes, e.g. W04-V04A, for voice analysis details. For loudspeaker telephone search with W01-C01G2.|
W01-C01B1C|Current|(1992-    )|With bar code, ocr input||Novel aspects of optical bar code readers are coded in T04-A03B1 also. Character and pattern recognition aspects are also assigned T04-D codes.|
W01-C01B1D|Current|(1992-    )|With external module||Includes unit usable with any MF dialling telephone, e.g. by acoustic coupling to microphone.|Promotional, free gift, accessory, pager
W01-C01B1E|Current|(1997-    )|Reply dialling|W01-C01B1, W01-C01F3|See W01-C02B5A for exchange based system.|
W01-C01B1F|Current|(2002-    )|Rediallers||This code is intended for external boxes redirecting certain calls to secure more favourable tariff, and may be assigned with W01-C01B4 (for least cost routing aspects) depending on the novelty.|
W01-C01B1X|Current|(1992-    )|Other automatic dialling|||
W01-C01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Dial signal generator|W01-B09, W01-C01B||
W01-C01B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Producing dial pulses|W01-C01B||DP
W01-C01B2C|Current|(1992-    )|Producing tones(includes MF tone generator)|W01-B09, W01-C01B|From 9201, tone generator per se is coded (in W01) as W01-C01B2C only. See also appropriate codes in e.g. U23-F.|Dual tone multifrequency, DTMF
W01-C01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Dial display||The title of this code has been expanded from 2002 to better reflect its coverage of novel details of display circuitry and the typical additional uses of displays on telephone sets. Constructional details of displays are covered by W01-C01A2 and the display of caller ID by W01-C01F3.|Dial display
W01-C01B3A|Current|(2002-    )|Drive circuitry||Circuitry aspects specific to touch screen operation are covered by W01-C01B8H, which takes precedence over this code.|
W01-C01B3C|Current|(2002-    )|Back lighting circuitry and control||Physical aspects of telephone display back- or edge-lighting, such as light sources, diffusers, etc. are covered by W01-C01A2A, and of displays in general by X26-U04A codes from 2007 (previously W05-E05B codes).|
W01-C01B3E|Current|(2002-    )|Novel display for dialling and user interface||This code is intended to highlight telephone set applications for displays the novel details of which are coded elsewhere, e.g. U14-K01 codes in the case of LCDs.|
W01-C01B4|Current|(1997-    )|Least cost routing|W01-C01B9|See W01-C02A7 and W01-C06A for LCR system based at exchange.|LCR
W01-C01B5|Current|(1987-    )|Security, restricted dialling||Codes in this section cover the use of both electronic and mechanical safeguards against unauthorised use.|
W01-C01B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Security based on input code or card|||Password, access code, enter, key, card reader
W01-C01B5B|Current|(1992-    )|Security based on voice recognition/input||Voice or other biometrics-based control of access to the phone as a whole is covered by W01-C01Q8C. W04-V codes, e.g. W04-V04A3, are also assigned for speech recognition aspects.|Designated user, voice print, voice pattern, speaker-dependent
W01-C01B5C|Current|(1992-    )|Preventing dialling of predetermined numbers|||Long-distance dialling detector, leading-zero detector
W01-C01B5D|Current|(1992-    )|Using mechanical lock||See W01-C01A9 also.|
W01-C01B5X|Current|(1992-    )|Other secure dialling arrangements|||
W01-C01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Dial format detection||Covers circuitry automatically selecting appropriate dial signal generator to suit format of exchange.|DP, dial pulse, MF, DTMF, dual tone multifrequency
W01-C01B8|Old|(1992-2005)|Keyboard and key-switch details||This code and its subdivisions are used with V03 codes if the novel aspect is an electromechanical switch.|
W01-C01B8|Current|(1992-    )|Keyboard and other manual input arrangements||This code covers details of keyboards, pushbuttons, switches and other manual input arrangements for controlling a telephone. W01-C01B8 and its subdivisions are used with V03 codes if the novel aspect is an electromechanical switch or with U21-B codes for electronic switching.|
W01-C01B8A|Current|(1992-    )|Layout of keyboard||Includes configuration of keys, provision of special function keys, etc. Special function keys themselves are covered by W01-C01B8K from 2002.|Braille
W01-C01B8C|Current|(1992-    )|Construction of keyboard per se|||
W01-C01B8E|Current|(1992-    )|Key switching element||This code is used for novel switching elements per se. For novel electronic switch details, U21-B codes are also assigned.|
W01-C01B8G|Current|(1992-    )|Keyboard illumination|||
W01-C01B8H|Old|(2002-2005)|Touch screen||Covers devices such as touchscreens, constructional aspects are also assigned W01-C01A2. This code takes precedence over W01-C01B3A (display drive circuitry). Touch screens in general are covered by T04-F02A2.|Stylus, tablet
W01-C01B8H|Current|(2006-    )|Manual input devices based on absolute position, including touch screen||Covers devices such as touchscreens, constructional aspects are also assigned W01-C01A2. This code takes precedence over W01-C01B3A (display drive circuitry). Touch screens in general are covered by T04-F02A2.|Stylus, tablet
W01-C01B8K|Current|(2002-    )|Special function keys per se||Details relating to the layout of keyboards on which special function keys or analogous controls are provided which are not themselves the novel aspect, are covered by W01-C01B8A. From 2006, trackballs, joysticks and the like are covered by W01-C01B8L.|
W01-C01B8L|Current|(2006-    )|Manual input devices based on relative position||Covers trackball, joystick, or analogous arrangements for data input (previously coded in W01-C01B8K). See T04-F codes for further details.|Mouse, track pad, joystick, track ball
W01-C01B8M|Current|(2007-    )|Key circuitry and coding||See also U21-A05D codes for key coding aspects, e.g. U21-A05D1 for coding arrangements for handling different language character sets.|
W01-C01B8N|Current|(2009-    )|External keyboard arrangements||This code is intended for arrangements for using an external keyboard with telephone equipment, including novel keyboards themselves and arrangements for connecting or interfacing them with e.g. a telephone set. Novel digital interfacing aspects of telephones are covered by W01-C01R, with W01-A07H codes assigned as appropriate to indicate the technology used.|
W01-C01B9|Current|(1992-    )|Subscriber calling device details - other|||
W01-C01C|Current||Automatic answering; speech amplifiers; anti-side-tone circuits|||
W01-C01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Speech amplifier details||Amplifiers in general are coded in U24-G.|
W01-C01C1A|Current|(1992-    )|For microphone||Microphone transducers per se are coded in W01-C01M and, in general, in V06-B02.|
W01-C01C1B|Current|(1992-    )|For earphone or loudspeaker||Transducers per se are coded in W01-C01M. For loudspeaker telephone search with W01-C01G2A.|
W01-C01C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Gain control||U24-C codes are also assigned for novel circuitry. Control of gain dependent on dominant transmission direction is covered by W01-C01C3A.|
W01-C01C1D|Current|(1997-    )|Muting circuit|U24-C05C, W01-C01C1C|Includes muting on hold. See W01-C02B2A for exchange details of call holding.|Mute, hold
W01-C01C1X|Current|(1992-    )|Speech amplifier details - other|||
W01-C01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Anti-sidetone, noise and feedback suppression|||
W01-C01C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Control of transmit-receive gain||Includes gain control based on dominant transmission direction, e.g. for loudspeaker telephone, also coded in W01-C01G2A. Speech amplifier gain control in general is covered by W01-C01C1C.|
W01-C01C3C|Current|(1992-    )|Local noise cancelling arrangements||Includes arrangement of transducers and/or circuitry to achieve cancellation or reduction of ambient noise level.|
W01-C01C3E|Current|(1997-    )|Sidetone or feedback suppression||Includes echo suppression for speakerphone, also coded in W01-C01G2A. See also W01-C08E.|
W01-C01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic answering||Centralised answering systems based within a telephone exchange are covered by W01-C02B4 codes.|
W01-C01C5A|Current|(1992-    )|Using dynamic recording||See also T03/W04 for e.g. tape deck details.|
W01-C01C5B|Current|(1992-    )|Using static recording (RAM etc.)||For storage of audio signals in general using solid-state memory, see W04-G01B codes.|
W01-C01C5C|Current|(1992-    )|Date/time recording||Covers arrangements recording time at which message is received.|
W01-C01C5D|Current|(1992-    )|Remote control of playback|||
W01-C01C5E|Current|(1992-    )|Outgoing message transmission||Includes automatic sending of pre-recorded message at preset time. See also W01-C01B1 codes for automatic dialling aspects.|OGM
W01-C01C5F|Current|(1997-    )|Privacy function||Includes password protection for message retrieval in shared device.|Password, PIN, ID
W01-C01C5G|Current|(1997-    )|Caller telephone number recording|W01-C015X, W01-C01F3, W01-C01F9|See W01-C01B1E for reply dialling.|
W01-C01C5X|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic answering details - other|||
W01-C01C7|Current|(1992-    )|Digital speech processing||See U21-A and W04-V05 codes for specific processing and coding details.|PCM
W01-C01C7A|Current|(2002-    )|Comfort noise generation|||
W01-C01C7C|Current|(2002-    )|Novel coding scheme|||
W01-C01C7E|Current|(2002-    )|Novel speech coders and decoders|||
W01-C01C7L|Current|(2002-    )|Scrambling and speech coding for security||This code is intended for scrambling aspects within the telephone itself. Overall systems aspects of security are covered by W01-C08F1 codes. Scrambling for speech communication in general is covered by W02-L05, and secrecy aspects of data transmission by W01-A05 codes.|
W01-C01C7X|Current|(2002-    )|Other digital speech processing aspects||Includes significant novel aspects of speech synthesis or recognition circuitry, e.g. used for voice dialling (W01-C01B1B or W01-C01B5B also assigned depending on purpose), or overall security (W01-C01Q8C). W04-V codes are also assigned.|
W01-C01C9|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic answering; speech amplifiers; anti-side-tone circuits - other|||
W01-C01D|Current|(1987-    )|Cordless, mobile radio telephone|W01-C01X|Use with other W01-C codes as appropriate. Cordless and mobile radio telephones are also coded in the appropriate section of W02 for radio equipment (e.g. W02-G02 for transceivers) if any RF aspect is involved. Inventions concerned purely with the telephone aspect are assigned W01-C01 codes only. Mobile radio telephone systems are assigned W01-B05 and W02-C03C codes.|Portable telephone
W01-C01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Cordless telephone||Includes home-use, multi-user and call-point systems. Search with other W01-C01D codes for telephone which is capable of switching between operating systems e.g. DECT and cellular.|DECT
W01-C01D1A|Current|(1992-    )|Portable unit details||This code covers cordless telephone usable with one or multiple base stations at the subscriber location.|
W01-C01D1B|Current|(1992-    )|Base unit details||See W01-C01E5A also for battery charging and mains power unit details.|
W01-C01D1D|Current|(1992-    )|Security, ID||See also T04-K codes for SIM card aspects.|Personal identification number, PIN, subscriber identification module, SIM, ID
W01-C01D1E|Current|(1992-    )|Call-point cordless telephone||Covers personal cordless telephone usable with one or multiple distributed callpoints, solely provided by the service provider. See W01-C01D1A for cordless telephone handsets used with a base station at the subscriber location.|CT2, CT3, JCT, PHS, Personal handyphone
W01-C01D2|Current|(1997-    )|Direct mode communication telephone||Search with other W01-C01D codes for dual mode operating telephones e.g. with W01-C01D3 for telephone that switches from cellular communication to direct mode when possible.|Digital short range radio system (DSRRS)
W01-C01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Mobile radio telephone||From 199701 all mobile telephones are considered as cellular. For RF aspects of non-cellular mobile telephones search with W02-C03C3 codes. Search with other W01-C01D codes for telephone which is able to switch between communication systems, e.g. DECT and cellular.|GSM, PCN, NADC, JDC, Qualcomm(r)
W01-C01D3A|Retired|(1992-1996)|Cellular*||*This code is now discontinued and since 1997 all mobile telephones have been considered to be cellular. This code is therefore no longer assigned, but remains valid and searchable for records prior to 1997.|
W01-C01D3B|Current|(1992-    )|Vehicle telephone||The title of this code has been changed (from 2017) to clarify its previous coverage of mobile phones permanently-installed in a land, marine or air vehicle, and also hand-held phones (for which W01-C01D3C is also assigned) having some adaptation such as connection to an external antenna or vehicle interface, mounting cradles, and the like.|Airplane, aeroplane, automobile, bicycle, boat, car, GSM-R, helicopter, lorry, motorcycle, railway, scooter, train, van
W01-C01D3C|Current|(1992-    )|Portable; hand-held||This code is assigned as a general reference for 'mobile phone', i.e. the terminology is assumed to refer to a hand-held phone unless there is evidence to the contrary. With the convergence of mobile telephone networks and wireless data networks, W01-C01D3C is also assigned for inventions relating to a 'portable terminal', unless there can clearly be no telephone aspect, with 'wireless network' codes (e.g. W01-A06C4 codes and other W01-A codes) being also assigned when appropriate.|
W01-C01D3D|Current|(1992-    )|Telephone identification||From 2009 the title of this code is changed (formerly 'Security, ID') to reflect its main focus on identification aspects within the telephone itself. It includes use of e.g. International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number, and also Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards and the like, in the case of mobile phones for which W01-C01D3C is normally also assigned. (T04-K codes are also assigned for smart card aspects). Use of two or more cards is covered from 2010 by W01-C01D3K, which takes precedence over this code. Arrangements to transmit ID data for security and billing purposes which involve some novelty in the phone itself are included here, but novel telephone system aspects of checking ID and entitlement to access e.g. a mobile telephone network are covered by W01-C02B6A (with W01-B05A1A) and are not assigned W01-C01D3D. Subscriber registration (by the telephone network) is covered by W01-B05A1N. General aspects of telephone security such as preventing access, theft alarms and dialling restriction are not included here, being covered by W01-C01Q8 and W01-C01B5 codes respectively.|ID, IMEI, IMSI, MEID, PIN, SIM, USIM
W01-C01D3E|Current|(1997-    )|Satellite telephone|||Aeroplane telephone
W01-C01D3G|Current|(2002-    )|Third generation' mobile phone||This code is assigned for so-called third generation mobile phones, intended to operate in a UMTS system, and for analogous types based on similar multiple access schemes, i.e. other than TDMA alone. For inventions involving some RF novelty W02 codes are also assigned, e.g. W02-C03C1C and W02-C03C1G, along with W02-G codes. Where the novelty resides in the spread-spectrum aspect, W02-K05 codes are also assigned, e.g. W02-K05A7, as appropriate. Systems based on OFDM are assigned W02-K07C as well as W01 and W02 telephone and 'mobile radio' codes. Other W01-C01 codes are assigned with W01-C01D3G as appropriate, depending on the aspect, e.g. W01-C01G6E for connecting to the internet on a 3G phone.|Universal mobile telephone system, 3G, fourth generation, 4G
W01-C01D3J|Current|(2002-    )|Dual or multi-band mobile phone||This code is assigned for phones capable of operating in two or more cellular bands, e.g. 900 and 1900 MHz. As such, it is likely to involve RF details and corresponding assignment of W02 codes. Prior to 2010 W01-C01D3J was assigned to indicate multiple SIM card aspects of mobile phones with W01-C01D3C and W01-C01D3D. From 2010, W01-C01D3K specifically covers the use of multiple SIM cards and W01-C01D3J will only be assigned for genuine multi-band aspects.|GSM, PCS
W01-C01D3K|Current|(2010-    )|Dual or multiple SIM-card mobile phone|W01-C01D3J|This code takes precedence over W01-C01D3D and is assigned for phones capable of operating with two or more SIM cards or analogous devices, e.g. enabling use of different identities or different service providers. Dual or multi-band mobile phones are covered by W01-C01D3J which is also assigned as appropriate. Prior to 2010 W01-C01D3J was assigned for this topic with W01-C01D3D.|Dual SIM, Multi SIM
W01-C01D4|Current|(1997-    )|Fixed location radiotelephone||This code is broader in scope than other W01-C01D codes and covers the whole subscriber installation, including antennas and 'outdoor units'. Novel aspects of these are highlighted using codes from W02-B (antennas) and W02-G (radio equipment details) groups, and also W02-C03D codes to highlight the 'point-to-point' radio link aspect. Base station or 'exchange-end' aspects are not assigned W01-C01D4, but are covered by W01-B05A1G and W02 codes as above.|Remote location, roadside emergency (radio), radio-in-the-loop, wireless local loop, WLL
W01-C01E|Current|(1992-    )|Power supply|W01-C01X, W01-C07B|Low-power power supplies in general are covered by U24 codes, which are also assigned as necessary to highlight novel aspects.|
W01-C01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Derived from subscriber line|||
W01-C01E5|Current|(1992-    )|Power supply at subscriber location|||
W01-C01E5A|Current|(1992-    )|From mains including battery charging||See also X16-G01 for battery charger per se. Charging from e.g. a vehicle battery, is covered by W01-C01E5C.|
W01-C01E5B|Current|(1992-    )|Battery per se, battery saving, battery supply||See X16 for novel battery detail.|
W01-C01E5C|Current|(1997-    )|Charging from battery or solar source|W01-C01E5A|E.g. charging from vehicle battery. See also X16-G02 codes for charger circuit per se.|
W01-C01E5D|Current|(2005-    )|From generator including battery charging||Includes the use of mechanical generator, e.g. hand-operated types, for battery charging or short-term powering of a telephone. See V06 for novel generators per se and X16-G, e.g. X16-G02C for battery charging using generators.|
W01-C01E5E|New|(2017-    )|Non contact charging||Includes wireless mobile phone charging. Non-contact battery charging in general is covered by X16-G03. Wireless transmission of electrical power in general is covered by U24-H02 for low-power systems and X12-H01E for higher power levels.|Non-contact, wireless charging, remote charging
W01-C01F|Current|(1992-    )|Ringing, call screening, identification of caller|W01-C01X||
W01-C01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Ringing|||
W01-C01F1A|Current|(1992-    )|Transducer per se||See also V06 codes for transducer details. Transducers for microphone or earphone use are not included. See W01-C01M.|
W01-C01F1B|Current|(1992-    )|Volume setting, muting, drive circuitry||From 199701, volume control based on sensed ambient lighting is coded in W01-C01F1D only. For disconnection determined by actual time of day, see W01-C01F1C.|
W01-C01F1C|Current|(1992-    )|Timed disconnection of ringer|||
W01-C01F1D|Current|(1997-    )|Disconnection or volume reduction based on ambient lighting|W01-C01F1B, W01-C01F1C||
W01-C01F1E|Current|(1992-    )|Accessory ringer|W01-C01X|Includes unit which can be plugged into telephone socket to warn of incoming call only. Prior to 199201 search W01-C05A and W01-C01X.|
W01-C01F1F|Current|(1997-    )|Mechanical ringer|||Vibrating, silent alert
W01-C01F1G|Current|(1997-    )|Optical ringer|||
W01-C01F1K|Current|(2002-    )|Automatic switching between different ringer types||This code is intended for arrangements switching between different types of ringer, e.g. switching from mechanical to acoustic ringing if a call is not acknowledged. Arrangements for signalling different types of incoming call, e.g. by means of different tones or tone sequences, are covered by W01-C01F1M. Facilities for inputting ringing tone sounds or musical extracts to be stored as ringing tones are covered by W01-C01F1P.|
W01-C01F1M|Current|(2002-    )|Signalling different incoming call types||Covers arrangements for signalling different types of incoming call, e.g. voice calls and text messages, by means of different tones or tone sequences. For aspects specific to SMS and similar telephones, search with W01-C01G6 codes.|
W01-C01F1P|Current|(2002-    )|Memory storage input for ring tone generation||Covers arrangements for inputting, including downloading, of ringing tone sounds or musical extracts to be stored as ringing tones. Search with W01-C01Q2 codes for storage of ringing tones in memory. Sampling in electronic musical instruments is covered by W04-U01C1, and sequencer arrangements in W04-U06, these codes being assigned also as appropriate for genuine novel aspects. Waveform storage for tone generation in general is covered by U23-F codes.|
W01-C01F3|Current|(1992-    )|Display of caller number||Covers display of incoming call's originating number only. Display of dialled numbers is covered by W01-C01B3 codes.|
W01-C01F5|Current|(1992-    )|Call screening, password systems|W01-C01X|Includes automatic arrangements requiring receipt of additional code signal to actuate ringer, for example. Arrangements displaying calling subscriber's number enabling choice of answering only, are coded in W01-C01F3.|
W01-C01F6|Old|(1997-2005)|Transmitting signals to audio-video equipment|W01-C01F9, W01-C05B5A, W03-G05|From 2006 the scope of this code has been expanded to allow control, e.g. muting or pausing, of built-in audio, video, or other equipment in response to an incoming call, in addition to the previous usage for transmitting control signals to external equipment.|
W01-C01F6|Current|(2006-    )|Controlling built-in and external equipment in response to incoming call|W01-C01F9, W01-C05B5A, W03-G05|From 2006 the scope of this code has been expanded to allow control, e.g. muting or pausing, of built-in audio, video, or other equipment in response to an incoming call, in addition to the previous usage for transmitting control signals to external equipment.|
W01-C01F6A|Current|(2006-    )|Controlling internal equipment in response to incoming call||This code covers the control of additional equipment built-in to a telephone, such as audio or video players, in response to an incoming call. W01-C01P6 codes are also assigned as appropriate.|
W01-C01F6C|Current|(2006-    )|Controlling external equipment in response to incoming call||This code covers the control of equipment external to a telephone, such as audio or video players, in response to an incoming call.|
W01-C01F8|Current|(2005-    )|Call handling||Covers arrangements for call handling using a variety of methods, e.g. text message, ringing, voice message, etc. Exchange-based call handling systems are covered by W01-C02B codes, especially W01-C02B2 codes.|
W01-C01F8A|Current|(2005-    )|Based on caller ID||Covers handling of incoming calls based on CLI information, e.g. activating ringer for priority numbers, sending a voice or text message for others.|
W01-C01F8C|Current|(2005-    )|Based on profile, e.g. presence-enhanced contacts profile||Provides a dynamic profile of the user, visible to others, the user's availability, whereabouts and suitable methods of communication. System aspects of telephone call handling are covered by W01-C02B2N.|
W01-C01F9|Current|(1992-    )|Ringing, call screening, identification of caller - other|||
W01-C01G|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment type||Codes in this section do not necessarily indicate novel aspects and are assigned with other W01-C01 codes as appropriate. Cordless and mobile radio telephones are not coded here - see W01-C01D codes.|
W01-C01G1|Current|(1992-    )|Intercom|W01-C01, W01-C04|This code is used for an otherwise standard telephone with an intercom facility, and not an intercom of e.g. apartment block security type with no telephone aspect, which is coded in W01-C04. See W01-C01D2 for direct communication between radio telephones.|
W01-C01G2|Current|(1992-    )|Loudspeaker|W01-C01, W01-C04|The tittle of this code has been expanded from 2002 to better reflect its coverage of loudspeaker telephone and hands free telephone.|
W01-C01G2A|Current|(2002-    )|Loudspeaker telephone|||
W01-C01G2C|Current|(2002-    )|Headset telephone|W01-C01G9|Includes 'hands-free kit' mobile phone, for which W01-C01D3C is also assigned. Telephone headset aspects were previously coded in W01-C01G9.|Handsfree
W01-C01G3|Current|(1992-    )|Pushbutton/key telephone||Prior to 199201, pushbutton and key telephone systems were coded in W01-B03, W01-C01X and W01-C02X. From 199201 see W01-C02G5C.|
W01-C01G4|Current|(1992-    )|Video telephone|W01-C01X, W01-C05B1, W02-F09|Also coded in W02-F08B3. For complete video telephone system see W01-C05B1 codes and W02-F08B1.|
W01-C01G5|Current|(1992-    )|Conference telephone|W01-C01, W01-C04|See W01-C02B1 for exchange details. For video conference telephone search with W01-C01G4. Prior to 199201 search W01-C05B1, W02-F09 and W01-C01X.|
W01-C01G6|Current|(1992-    )|Screen text telephone system||The title of this code has been expanded from 2002 to better reflect coverage of SMS, email and internet communication. Telephone network aspects of text-based communication in general are covered by W01-C05B1A.|
W01-C01G6A|Current|(2002-    )|SMS||This code is intended for 'text messaging', primarily in mobile phones, for which W01-C01D3C is also assigned.|Short message service
W01-C01G6B|Current|(2005-    )|MMS||This code is intended for "multimedia messaging", primarily in mobile phones, for which W01-C01D3C is also assigned.|Multimedia messaging service, picture messaging, MMS
W01-C01G6C|Current|(2002-    )|Email||Email in general is covered by T01-N01C, which is also assigned here.|
W01-C01G6E|Current|(2002-    )|Internet communication, including VoIP||This code is assigned with W01-C01D3 codes for WAP phone aspects, e.g. W01-C01D3G for '3G' or '4G' handsets, and with W01-C01P1 for multimedia aspects. W01-C01G6E includes telephone sets equipped for placing calls over the internet, e.g. using VoIP. (Systems aspects of VoIP are covered by W01-C05B4C). Phones using push to talk over packet network technology are covered by W01-C01G6H.|i-mode
W01-C01G6F|Current|(2005-    )|Instant messaging||This code covers phones with the provision of real time mobile communication using instant messaging.|
W01-C01G6G|Current|(2002-    )|Data streaming and packet handling||This code is intended for telephone capable of data streaming and packet handling, e.g. for GPRS when used with W01-C01D3 codes.|GPRS, EDGE, packet
W01-C01G6H|Current|(2005-    )|Push to talk over packet network||This code covers phones providing direct one-to-one or one-to-many voice communication using 'push to talk' Voice over IP (VoIP) communication over packet-based networks. Telephone systems aspects are covered by W01-C05B4G. Phones using VoIP technology other than push to talk are covered by W01-C01G6E.|PoC
W01-C01G8|Current|(1992-    )|Feature telephone and smartphone||Covers telephone set with several features, e.g. operated by special keys or additional software modules, including smart phones which from 2016 are covered by W01-C01G8S. (Prior to 2016 W01-C01G8 codes were assigned as appropriate for this topic together with W01-C01P2 for PDA aspects and W01-C01D3C to denote hand-held mobile phones). For program control and software aspects search with W01-C01Q3 codes, T01-F codes and T01-S codes.|
W01-C01G8A|Current|(2002-    )|User interface management/menu-driven telephone set||Covers telephone, especially of mobile type (W01-C01D3 codes also assigned in that case), in which particular features are accessible via a menu system or via a special user interface, e.g. using a reduced number of keys. Special function keys themselves are covered by W01-C01B8K. Control circuitry in general for telephones is covered by W01-C01Q codes, which may also be assigned depending on novelty. GUI aspects are also covered by T01 codes, e.g. T01-J12 codes.|GUI, pull down menu, window, split screen, icons
W01-C01G8C|Current|(2002-    )|Automatic selection of functions||Covers telephones, especially of mobile type (W01-C01D3 codes also assigned in that case), in which particular features are selected without direct action by the user, based on sensed conditions or environment.|
W01-C01G8E|Current|(2007-    )|Haptic feedback control||This code covers sense of touch feedback control, including force and vibrating feedback. Signal processing aspects of feedback control are covered by W01-C01Q6E.|
W01-C01G8S|Current|(2016-    )|Smartphone||This code is intended to represent phones (normally mobile for which W01-C01D3C is also assigned) having computing capability using a dedicated or adapted operating system with the ability to run application software that may be downloaded by the user. While it is recognized that the majority of mobile phones now fall into this category the code is intended as a search reference for this topic which prior to 2016 was represented by W01-C01G8 codes with W01-C01D3C and W01-C01P2 as necessary for 'PDA' aspects. For inventions concerned with software and program control aspects such as operating system details or mobile 'apps' search with W01-C01Q3 codes and T01-F codes.|Android(RTM), BlackBerry(RTM), Mozilla Firefox(RTM), OS, iOS, Windows Phone(RTM)
W01-C01G9|Current|(1992-    )|Telephone set type - other||Prior to 2002, this code was used for telephone headsets which are now covered by W01-C01G2C.|
W01-C01H|Current|(1992-    )|External devices switching interface|W01-C01X|This code is used for arrangements to interface with e.g. facsimile equipment (see W02-J03C7 also) and includes automatic switching on detection of type of call.|
W01-C01J|Current|(1992-    )|Metering at subscriber equip. Location|W01-C01X, W01-C06|From 199201 subscriber metering is coded in W01-C01J only, and not W01-C06.|
W01-C01K|Current|(1992-    )|Subscriber equip. testing||This code is intended for testing using external apparatus. from 2002, self testing and monitoring as part of a telephone set control system is covered by W01-C01Q1. See W01-C08C codes for testing in general, which may also be assigned with W01-C01K when specifically relevant.|
W01-C01L|Current|(1992-    )|ISDN subscriber end interface|W01-C01X|The title of this code has been expanded from 2002 to better reflect its coverage of ADSL aspects in addition to interfaces for ISDN. Connection of telephone sets with external equipment using a digital interface is covered by W01-C01R.|
W01-C01L1|Current|(2002-    )|ISDN interface||See W01-C05B7 codes for all aspects of ISDN.|
W01-C01L3|Current|(2002-    )|ADSL interface||ADSL is covered by W01-C05B8A.|
W01-C01L5|Current|(2002-    )|Splitter arrangements, e.g. POTS/ISDN splitter|||
W01-C01L7|Current|(2002-    )|Standard, i.e. POTS line interface|W01-C01X||
W01-C01L9|Current|(2002-    )|Other network interface aspects|||
W01-C01M|Current|(1992-    )|Transducers (microphones and loudspeakers)||For full details of transducers search with appropriate codes in V06. (Ringing transducers are covered by W01-C01F1 codes only, e.g. W01-C01F1A for acoustic ringing and W01-C01F1F for vibrating types).|
W01-C01N|Current|(1992-    )|Extension and line holding arrangements||Includes automatic arrangement to restore on-hook condition. See W01-C01D1 codes only for cordless telephones.|
W01-C01P|Current|(1997-    )|Telephone apparatus integrated with other device|W01-C01X, W01-C05B|Covers telephone combined with other equipment (in the form of hardware or a software module), forming a single unit. See W01-C05B codes for combination of external devices with telephone equipment and systems.|
W01-C01P1|Current|(1997-    )|Multi Media apparatus||See also T01-J30 codes and W01-C05B2 for system aspects. Prior to 2011 this code was also assigned for multimedia aspects of DMB receivers. From 2011 these are covered solely by W01-C01P6G and W03-A11G5.|
W01-C01P2|Current|(1997-    )|Personal digital assistant||See also T01-M06A1A and W01-C01D codes for mobile telephone aspects.|Personal digital organiser, PDA
W01-C01P3|Current|(1997-    )|Telephone answering machine|W01-C01C5|See W01-C01C5 for answering machine details.|
W01-C01P4|Current|(1997-    )|Facsimile machine||See also W02-J codes. General telephone systems aspects of facsimile are covered by W01-C05B1C.|
W01-C01P5|Current|(1997-    )|Modem||General telephone system aspects of modems are covered by W01-C05B3A.|
W01-C01P6|Current|(2005-    )|Telephone with built-in entertainment device||Novel details of audio and video equipment are also assigned W03 or W04 codes as appropriate.|
W01-C01P6A|Current|(2005-    )|Portable audio player/recorder||W04-G01B8 is also assigned for solid-state audio players such as MP3 types, with other W04 codes as necessary for novel aspects.|
W01-C01P6C|Current|(2005-    )|Digital camera||W04-M01B1 codes are also assigned, and for novel details of digital cameras other W04-M01 codes are applied as necessary. Video phones are covered by W01-C01G4.|Camera phone
W01-C01P6E|Current|(2005-    )|Broadcast radio receiver||W03-B codes are also assigned for specific radio receiver aspects.|
W01-C01P6G|Old|(2005-2010)|Broadcast TV receiver||W03-A codes are also assigned for specific TV receiver aspects. W01-C01P1 is also assigned as necessary to highlight multimedia aspects.|
W01-C01P6G|Current|(2011-    )|Broadcast TV receiver and digital multimedia broadcast receiver||From 2011 the title of this code has been changed to reflect the inclusion of DMB receivers for which W03-A11G5 is also assigned, along with other W03-A codes as necessary. Prior to 2011 W01-C01P1 was also assigned to indicate multimedia aspects depending on novelty.|
W01-C01P6J|Current|(2005-    )|Video player / recorder||From 2009 the title of this code has been expanded to reflect the previous inclusion of video players as well as recorders. Novel details of the video recorder/player are also assigned W04 codes, e.g. W04-P01C8 for solid-state types.|
W01-C01P6L|Current|(2005-    )|Game player||See W04-X02 codes for gaming aspects in general and T01-J30B and T01-N01B1 for computer gaming.|
W01-C01P6X|Current|(2005-    )|Other entertainment equipment|||
W01-C01P7|Current|(2005-    )|Navigational receiver||Covers telephones with integrated navigational receiver, e.g. a GPS receiver. See W06-A codes also for details of navigational systems, e.g. W06-A03A codes for GPS.|
W01-C01P8|Current|(2007-    )|Medical parameter monitoring equipment||This code includes arrangements for monitoring physiological parameters such as vital signs to determine the health status of a person, or in connection with sporting activity (in which case e.g. W04-X01A1 or other W04-X01 code is also assigned), using a built-in phone monitoring device. See also S05 codes, for medical monitoring equipment in general, to highlight specific measurements.|
W01-C01P9|Current|(1997-    )|Other equipment built into a telephone set||Includes 'alarm clock' (also assigned S04-B05), built-in smart card or similar (also assigned T04-K codes) for use with ticket gates (also assigned T05-D01A1), built-in OCR facility (also assigned T04-D codes), built-in torch (also assigned X26-E01 codes) or any other built-in equipment not covered by the above subdivisions.|
W01-C01Q|Current|(2002-    )|General control circuitry for telephone sets||These codes are intended to cover general aspects of telephone set control and especially microprocessor-based aspects which are also assigned T01-J08A codes as appropriate. For aspects specific to menu-driven telephone sets, search with W01-C01G8A.|
W01-C01Q1|Current|(2002-    )|Self testing and monitoring||Testing of subscriber telephone using external equipment is covered by W01-C01K.|
W01-C01Q1A|Current|(2002-    )|Checking remaining battery capacity||This code is assigned with W01-C01E5B. Checking battery charge state in general is covered by S01-G06A and X16-H01.|
W01-C01Q2|Current|(2005-    )|Memory storage||Covers memory storage facilities for data, including application programs, music and video files. See also W01-C01Q3A for software updating and modification and W01-C01B1A with W01-C01D3D (and e.g. W01-C01D3C) for storage of telephone numbers within a mobile phone SIM card.|
W01-C01Q2A|Current|(2005-    )|Internal||Covers memory forming a fixed part of the phone.|RAM, flash memory
W01-C01Q2C|Current|(2005-    )|External||Covers user-changeable memory, e.g. cards. See also T01-H01B3A for memory cards per se.|Memory card, CF(r), SD(tm), miniSD(tm), MMC(tm), reduced size MMC(tm), memory stick(r), xD card(tm), smartmedia(tm)
W01-C01Q3|Current|(2002-    )|Program control aspects||From 2016 this code is further subdivided to differentiate between program control aspects relating to a phone's operating system (W01-C01Q3C) and those relating to installed or downloaded programs (W01-C01Q3E). Program control in computer and microprocessor systems is covered by T01-F codes, software development by T01-J20 codes and software content by T01-S codes, which are also assigned as appropriate. For application to smartphones search with W01-C01G8S (from 2016).|
W01-C01Q3A|Current|(2002-    )|Software updating and modification||Includes arrangements for downloading or otherwise inputting data to modify the control program.|
W01-C01Q3C|Current|(2016-    )|Program control aspects and software relating to operation of phone itself||This code covers any novel aspects of the operating system (OS), and also multiple OS phones.|
W01-C01Q3E|Current|(2016-    )|Program control aspects and software relating to applications||Includes novel application software ('apps') and their development and also inventions relying on apps, whether pre-installed or downloaded by the user. |
W01-C01Q4|Current|(2005-    )|Voice activated control||Includes the use of voice to control the operational aspects of the telephone. See also W01-C01B1B for voice dialling per se and W01-C01B5B for restricted dialling based on voice recognition. Control of access to the phone as a whole based on voice or other biometric aspects is covered by W01-C01Q8C. W04-V codes, e.g. W04-V04A, are also assigned for speech recognition aspects.|Voice command
W01-C01Q5|Current|(2002-    )|Sensing systems||Covers arrangements for determining particular conditions relating to the environment or usage of the telephone. Checking battery charge state is covered by W01-C01Q1A.|
W01-C01Q5A|Current|(2002-    )|Sensing user proximity||Covers arrangements for determining that a telephone or handset is being held by the user, e.g. by proximity sensing, to control parameters such as loudspeaker volume. This relates especially to portable telephones, in which case W01-C01D3C is also assigned. Human presence detection in general is covered by S03-C06 codes. Arrangements for determining a quiescent state, i.e. non-usage of the telephone, and switching between this and an active state, are covered by W01-C01Q7A.|
W01-C01Q5B|Current|(2007-    )|Sensing other users in the vicinity||This code includes arrangement for sensing/detecting other users in the vicinity. See also W01-C01R and W01-A07H codes for the type of medium being used.|Proximity Mail (RTM)
W01-C01Q5C|Current|(2002-    )|Sensing connection of external devices||This relates to sensing the connection of external headsets, car adapters for portable phones, PCs, and any other equipment whose connection requires some change in the operation of the telephone set.|
W01-C01Q5G|Current|(2014-    )|Sensing acceleration, orientation and relative position||Covers arrangements for sensing movement or orientation of a phone, especially a mobile phone for which W01-C01D3C is also assigned, e.g. for auto-rotating display images, coming out of standby mode, or camera shake detection for which W01-C01Q6A, W01-C01Q7A or W01-C01P6C respectively are also assigned as necessary. Novel aspects such as transducers are also assigned S02 codes, e.g. S02-B07 codes for gyro-based sensors or S02-G03 for accelerometers. Sensing of direction or absolute position using e.g. a compass or navigational systems is not included and is covered by W01-C01P7.|Angle, landscape, portrait, rotate, turn
W01-C01Q5X|Current|(2002-    )|Other sensing systems for telephone sets|||
W01-C01Q6|Current|(2006-    )|Multimedia processing aspects||Covers processing aspects of the telephone, including graphics and display, audio, haptic and tactile and any general processing aspects.|Acceleration, rendering, GPU
W01-C01Q6A|Current|(2007-    )|Graphics and display processing||Previously coded in W01-C01Q6. Includes arrangements for processing graphical and display information that is not part of the display screen hardware. See also T01-C04D for computer display processing. Prior to 2006, all aspects of display/control circuitry were coded in W01-C01B3A.|Acceleration, rendering, GPU
W01-C01Q6C|Current|(2007-    )|Audio signal processing||Includes arrangements for processing audio signals other than for normal speech processing for communication, which is covered by W01-C01C7 codes. In all cases W04-V codes are also assigned for specific processing and coding details.|MIDI, Wave
W01-C01Q6E|Current|(2007-    )|Haptic and tactile processing||This code covers processing necessary for implementation of haptic functions, e.g. in connection with user interface aspects. Novel transducers and drive circuits for haptic features are covered by W01-C01G8E.|
W01-C01Q6X|Current|(2007-    )|Other multimedia processing|||
W01-C01Q7|Current|(2002-    )|Standby and related systems||This covers arrangements for disabling parts of a telephone, especially a portable type (with W01-C01D3C) as a power-saving measure.|
W01-C01Q7A|Current|(2002-    )|Determining quiescent state||This covers arrangements for determining a quiescent state based on e.g. non-actuation of keys for a preset period.|
W01-C01Q8|Current|(2002-    )|Security aspects||This code is used for general security aspects of the telephone control system. SIM card aspects of mobile phones are covered by W01-C01D3D and security aspects involving dialling restrictions are covered by W01-C01B5 codes. From 2010 W01-C01Q8E is introduced for arrangements to prevent access to confidential data stored in a mobile phone.|
W01-C01Q8A|Current|(2002-    )|Theft alarms||This code covers alarms warning of the possible theft, or leaving behind, of a telephone set itself, again usually of portable type (with W01-C01D3C). W05-B01 codes for theft alarms are also assigned as appropriate.|
W01-C01Q8C|Current|(2005-    )|Security based on biometrics identification||Includes control of access to the phone as a whole based on fingerprint, eye or voice recognition. Restricted dialling alone based on voice recognition is covered by W01-C01B5B. W04-V codes, e.g. W04-V04A3, are also assigned for speech recognition aspects and S05-D01C5A for fingerprint and eye recognition aspects.|
W01-C01Q8E|Current|(2010-    )|Preventing access to confidential data||This code is intended for arrangements with the emphasis on preventing access to confidential data stored in a mobile phone or similar. It includes arrangements for erasing data both locally and remotely (e.g. by the owner or service provider in the case of a stolen device), and also for preventing unauthorised access via a Bluetooth or similar link. Aspects involving the digital interface itself are also assigned W01-C01R. Preventing access to, or use of, the phone as a whole is covered by other W01-C01Q8 codes or W01-C01B5 codes.|Anti-hacking, Bloover, bluejacking, bluesnarfing, intrusion, remote erasure
W01-C01Q9|Current|(2002-    )|Other general telephone set control circuitry aspects|||
W01-C01R|Current|(2006-    )|Interfacing systems||This code Includes the interfacing of a telephone set (usually mobile, for which W01-C01D3C is also assigned) to a local external device via a digital connection. From 2011 it is subdivided to differentiate between novelty in the interface itself and applications where the use of the interface is significant. W01-A07H codes are also assigned to highlight the interface medium used when specific, e.g. W01-A07H2A for a Bluetooth (RTM) link. See also T01-C codes for interfacing with a computer. Circuits and components for interfacing with PSTN landlines are not included and covered by W01-C01L codes. 'User interface' aspects such as GUI or menus etc. are not included, being covered by W01-C01G8A.|Bluetooth (RTM), Firewire (RTM), IEEE1394, i-link (RTM), infrared data association, IrDA, RS-232, RS-485, serial port, universal serial bus, USB
W01-C01R1|Current|(2011-    )|Novel details of telephone digital interface||This code is intended for novel details of digital interfaces for telephones, including software and also hardware aspects such as connectors and circuitry.|
W01-C01R5|Current|(2011-    )|Applications of telephone digital interface||This code is intended for significant applications of digital interfaces for telephones, e.g. where an invention relies on the use of the interface to connect a phone with an external system or equipment.|
W01-C01V|New|(2017-    )|Manufacturing subscriber equipment||Includes manufacturing of home telephones, mobile phones, smartphones, or other subscriber equipment, for which additional W01-C01 codes are assigned as necessary. This code covers assembly of subscriber equipment and also manufacture of items specific to the equipment itself, such as housings, PCBs and the like. Manufacture of bought-in components such as audio transducers, semiconductor devices or displays is not included and for these aspects see codes relating to the component itself, e.g. U14-K01A1J for LCD manufacture.|Assembly, fitting, molding
W01-C01W|New|(2017-    )|Recycling subscriber equipment||Includes recycling of all kinds of subscriber apparatus including landline telephones, smartphones, and accessories. Other W01-C codes specific to the equipment being recycled are also assigned, e.g. W01-C01G8S for smartphones. Materials recovery and recycling of electronic components in general is covered by V04-X01C and electrical aspects of recycling in general are covered by X25-W04.|Environmentally-friendly, rare earth, recycle, reprocess, reuse
W01-C01W1|New|(2017-    )|Equipment design and components improving recyclability||Covers design features including use of recycled components and materials and selection of components and materials that facilitate the recycling of unwanted telephone equipment.|Recyclable
W01-C01W5|New|(2017-    )|Equipment and methods of recycling||Covers equipment and methods used in recycling of subscriber equipment, e.g. for disassembly, recovery of reusable components or valuable materials. Machines dispensing a payment in return for deposited recyclable items in general are covered by T05-H02E which is also assigned as appropriate.|Desoldering, dissolving, heating, kiosk, reverse-vend, separating, tools
W01-C01X|Current||Subscriber equipment - other|||
W01-C02|Current||Automatic/semi-automatic exchanges||See W01-B codes for actual selection details. Data exchange e.g. for networks is covered by W01-A06 codes.|
W01-C02A|Current||Supervising, testing, indicating faults||See W01-B08 for selection system testing and W01-C08C codes for general aspects.|
W01-C02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Monitoring/testing exchange||Codes in this section are also used with W01-C08C5 for testing of an exchange from an external maintenance centre.|
W01-C02A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Statistical metering|W01-C02A, W01-C06|Covers detection of overload/blocking condition and general measurements on telephone system usage and performance, including call centre operator call handling (with W01-C02G3 codes)|
W01-C02A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Fault location, standby systems||Standby systems for data networks are covered by W01-A06A1 code, for line systems in general by W02-C01D3 codes, and for radio equipment by W02-G08 codes.|Redundancy, hot standby, back-up
W01-C02A5|Current|(1987-    )|Testing external system incl. subscriber loop||Testing for line systems in general is covered by W02-C01D codes.|Continuity test
W01-C02A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Discriminating line fault from apparatus fault|||Internal/external fault discrimination
W01-C02A7|Current|(1992-    )|Control of exchange||Includes overall control of operation and functions such as least cost routing (also coded in W01-C06A). Network resource allocation is covered by W01-C02A7 and W01-C02A1A. Radio resource allocation in general is covered by W02-C03E7 and when relating to cellular mobile telephone systems W01-B05A1 and W02-C03C1 codes are also assigned as appropriate.|Stored program, control, SPC, computer, microprocessor, microprogram, LCR
W01-C02A7A|Current|(1997-    )|Intelligent network|W01-C02A7, W01-C02B|See also W01-C02B codes for special features and T01-J08C codes for communication control aspects.|
W01-C02B|Current||Special subscriber services||Codes in this section deal with services wholly provided by the exchange itself, and also those involving external services (W01-C02B7 codes).|Call interception
W01-C02B1|Current|(1987-    )|Conference systems||See W01-C01G5 for subscriber conference equipment. TV conference systems are covered by W02-F08A, combine with W01-C codes as appropriate for any telephone aspects. For example, moving-picture TV conference system using the telephone network is coded as W01-C02B1, W01-C05B1E, W02-F08A1 and W02-F08B1.|Bridge, multiple subscriber connection
W01-C02B2|Current|(1992-    )|Call forwarding, transfer and diversion||For topics below relating to automatic exchange functions W01-C02G5A is normally assigned as well.|
W01-C02B2A|Current|(2002-    )|Direct-inward dialling||This code is intended for systems allowing direct dialling, e.g. by entering additional digits once a connection to an exchange is made.|
W01-C02B2C|Current|(2002-    )|Simultaneous or successive ringing of extensions||This code is intended for arrangements to ring a number of extensions until a call is answered.|
W01-C02B2E|Current|(2002-    )|Call diversion||This code is intended for the facility by which a subscriber can set up or cancel call diversion, and specify a number to which calls are to be routed without ringing of the subscriber's telephone. Call forwarding based on a call going unanswered is covered by W01-C02B2L. Time-dependent operation of this feature is indicated by assignment of W01-C02B2J also. Call barring is covered by W01-C02B2G.|Redial, redirect
W01-C02B2G|Current|(2002-    )|Call barring||This code is intended for the facility by which a subscriber can set up or cancel a call barring facility. Time-dependent operation of this feature is indicated by assignment of W01-C02B2J also. Call diversion is covered by W01-C02B2E.|
W01-C02B2J|Current|(2002-    )|Time-dependent call handling||This code is intended for the facility by which a subscriber can establish time windows for operation of call handling features. It is used in conjunction with other W01-C02B2 codes as necessary.|
W01-C02B2L|Current|(2005-    )|Call forwarding||This code is intended for the facility by which a subscriber can set up call forwarding, and specify a number to which unanswered calls are to be forwarded. Call diversion without ringing is covered by W01-C02B2E and call barring is covered by W01-C02B2G.|Redial, redirect
W01-C02B2M|Current|(2006-    )|Call transfer||This code is primarily intended for manual arrangements for re-directing a received call to another extension. Automatic arrangements for diversion of calls are covered by W01-C02B2E if no ringing of the dialled telephone occurs and W01-C02B2L if the call is forwarded only if unanswered.|Redial, redirect
W01-C02B2N|Current|(2006-    )|Based on profile, e.g. Presence-Enhanced Contacts profile||Provides a dynamic profile of the user, visible to others, the user's availability, whereabouts and suitable methods of communication. Subscriber telephone set aspects of profile-based call handling are covered in W01-C01F8C.|
W01-C02B2X|Current|(2002-    )|Other incoming call handling functions|||
W01-C02B3|Current|(1992-    )|Camp-on and call-back systems||The title of this code has been expanded from 2002 to better reflect its coverage of caller ID systems. See also W01-B03C for novel aspects of caller ID systems and call tracing.|
W01-C02B3A|Current|(2002-    )|Camp-on and call-back|||
W01-C02B3C|Current|(2002-    )|Caller id transmission|W01-B03C, W01-C02B9||
W01-C02B3E|Current|(2002-    )|Inhibiting ongoing transmission of caller ID|W01-B03C, W01-C02B|This code includes the use of digit sequences entered by a calling subscriber before dialling, to inhibit the caller ID feature of the exchange.|Withheld Number
W01-C02B4|Current|(1992-    )|Centralised call answering||Automatic answering equipment wholly at the subscriber location is covered by W01-C01C5 codes. Voice mail is covered by W01-C02B7C.|
W01-C02B4A|Current|(1997-    )|Call holding||Search with W01-C05B5A for music on hold. Line holding circuits for subscriber telephones are covered by W01-C01N.|Music on hold, call waiting
W01-C02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Number storage, centralised autodial||Subscriber-based autodial systems are covered by W01-C01B1 codes.|
W01-C02B5A|Current|(1997-    )|Reply dialling||See W01-C01B1E for reply dialling based at subscriber apparatus only.|
W01-C02B6|Current|(1992-    )|Graded service|||
W01-C02B6A|Current|(1992-    )|Determining entitlement to level of service||Includes checking of ID in e.g. cellular telephone network (also coded as W01-B05A1A and W02-C03C1 codes).|
W01-C02B6C|Current|(2002-    )|Denying access to telephone service based on non-entitlement||Includes inhibiting access using e.g. stolen mobile phone. Arrangements for inhibiting any mobile phone in a sensitive area are covered by W01-C08F5.|
W01-C02B7|Current|(1992-    )|Involving facilities external to exchange||Codes in this section are used with W01-C05 codes as appropriate to the external service provided. The concept of 'external' is intended to denote facilities not involved in the primary function of the exchange.|
W01-C02B7A|Current|(1992-    )|Paging||See also W01-C05A and W05-A05C codes. Short messaging service is coded in W01-C02B7D only.|
W01-C02B7B|Current|(1992-    )|Alarm monitoring systems||Covers exchange monitoring of external alarms, see also W01-C05A and W05-B05 codes. From 2002 alarm systems communicating via the telephone network without any novelty in the telephone aspect are covered by W05 codes only.|
W01-C02B7C|Current|(1992-    )|Voice mail system||See also W01-C05B5E for recording aspects.|
W01-C02B7D|Current|(1997-    )|Short messaging service||Covers transmission of paging message to radio telephone. See W01-B05A1F for switching details, and W01-C01G6A for SMS telephone themselves. See W01-C02B7A for telephone exchange aspects of paging systems.|
W01-C02B7E|Current|(2002-    )|Automatic directory enquiry services|W01-C02B7X, W01-C05B5C|Automatic directory enquiry services are now only also assigned W01-C05B5C for specific details of the database or similar system, for which T01-J05B codes are likely to be used as well.|
W01-C02B7F|Current|(2005-    )|Multimedia messaging service||Covers transmission of messages to a (usually mobile) telephone including a combination of image, sound and text. Aspects specific to the telephone itself are covered by W01-C01G6B.|Multimedia messaging service, picture messaging, MMS
W01-C02B7G|Current|(2007-    )|Centralised storage of user profile||Includes arrangement of storing user profiles in a central place, and downloading the profile to the phone on power-up, connected to network, etc.|
W01-C02B7H|Current|(2007-    )|Transfer of personalised ringtone||Includes arrangements for sending a personalised ringtone to the called person.|
W01-C02B7L|Current|(2007-    )|Location based service||Includes arrangement of providing a personalised service, based on the location of the mobile terminal. See also other W01-C02B and W01-C05 codes for the type of service being offered.|
W01-C02B7X|Current|(1992-    )|External service provision - other||Prior to 2002, automatic directory enquiry services were coded here as well as in W01-C05B5C. (Now covered by W01-C02B7E).|
W01-C02B8|Current|(1992-    )|Alarm call systems||Includes 'early-morning-call' type system.|Automatic, select, key, dial
W01-C02B9|Current|(1992-    )|Subscriber services - other||Includes interactive voice response systems for which W04-V04 codes are also assigned.|IVR
W01-C02C|Current|(1992-    )|Attendant desk, consoles|W01-C02X||
W01-C02C1|Current|(1997-    )|Automatic call distribution or call centre console|||ACD
W01-C02D|Current|(1992-    )|Interfacing with external network|W01-C02X|Includes circuits and arrangements for connection to subscriber lines and inter-exchange trunks (also coded in W01-C03).|
W01-C02D1|Current|(1992-    )|Subscriber line interface circuit||See also W01-C08B for hybrid circuit details.|SLIC
W01-C02D3|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission of ringing signals||Subscriber set ringers are covered by W01-C01F1 codes. See W01-C07B also where current supply aspects are involved.|
W01-C02D5|Current|(1992-    )|Reception of ringing signals, line state details|||
W01-C02E|Current|(1992-    )|Power supply details||See also W01-C07B for current supply details. Subscriber set aspects are covered by W01-C01E codes.|
W01-C02G|Current|(1992-    )|Exchange type||Codes in this section are used to indicate exchange type only and do not necessarily represent novel aspects.|
W01-C02G1|Current|(1992-    )|Central office type|||Attendant/operator system
W01-C02G3|Current|(1997-    )|Automatic call distribution or call centre|W01-B03, W01-C02B2||
W01-C02G3A|Current|(1997-    )|Automatic call distribution centre|W01-B03, W01-C02B2||ACD
W01-C02G3B|Current|(1997-    )|Call centre|W01-B03, W01-C02B2||
W01-C02G5|Current|(1992-    )|Private exchange||Search with W01-B05A1 codes for radio private exchange. Search with W01-C03 for centrex.|
W01-C02G5A|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic, i.e. PABX||See W01-C02B2 for direct inward dialling details.|
W01-C02G5B|Current|(1992-    )|PBX|W01-C02X||Attendant/operator system
W01-C02G5C|Current|(1992-    )|Key telephone system||Prior to 199201, key telephone systems were coded in W01-B03, W01-C01X and W01-C02X. For subscriber set aspects see W01-C01G3.|
W01-C02X|Current||Automatic/semi-automatic exchanges - other||From 199201, semi-automatic systems are coded in W01-C02G codes and other W01-C02 codes as appropriate.|
W01-C03|Current||Interconnection between switching centres||See also W01-B03A when emphasis is on switching aspects. See W01-B05A3 and W02-C03C3G for trunked radio telephone system.|Inter-exchange connection, telephone trunk, leased line
W01-C03A|Current|(1997-    )|Virtual private network||See W01-C02G5 codes for aspects of private networks. VPNs as data network, i.e. not specifically for telephone service, are covered by W01-A06B7G.|VPN
W01-C04|Current||Interconnection without centralised switching||Includes party-line systems (see W01-B04 for selection aspects). See W01-B05A1D for direct communication between radio telephones. Prior to 199201 this code was also used for loudspeaker telephones, now coded in W01-C01G2.|Feedback suppression, transmission switching, call signal generator
W01-C04A|Current|(1997-    )|Intercom||Includes aircraft crew or mineshaft intercom. For intercom combined with subscriber apparatus see W01-C01G1.|
W01-C04A1|Current|(1997-    )|Entryphone||Search with W02-F01A1 for video entryphone.|
W01-C05|Current||Telephonic systems combined with other electrical systems||In general, from 2002 pure applications of the telephone network to alarm signalling, telemetry, telecontrol and similar topics are not covered here, the W01 codes being reserved for cases of genuine 'telephone novelty' or where no provision exists elsewhere to highlight the telephone aspect.|
W01-C05A|Current||With annunciator or alarm systems||See W05 codes also for application to e.g. selective calling systems or alarms (e.g. W05-B05 codes).|Central station alarm signalling, paging system
W01-C05A1|Current|(2002-    )|Emergency call location determination systems||See W01-B03C also for call tracing and caller ID aspects, and W02-C03C1E for mobile location determination in cellular telephone systems.|Enhanced 911, E911, FCC
W01-C05B|Current||With telegraphic, entertainment, video, or dictation systems||From 199201, all telephone aspects of ISDN are covered by W01-C05B7 codes. From 199701, multimedia systems are coded in W01-C05B2|
W01-C05B1|Current|(1987-    )|With video, incl. facsimile, videophone, screen text||Telephone ordering system for pay-per-view TV and telephone audience research systems are coded in W01-C05B5 codes.|Picture, video telephone, narrowband TV
W01-C05B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Screen text systems||Includes instant messaging system. Telephone line based screen text systems are also coded in W02-F05B1.|
W01-C05B1C|Current|(1992-    )|Still-picture systems||Includes facsimile (see W02-J codes also) and still-picture video telephone systems (see W02-F08 codes also).|Video telephone
W01-C05B1E|Current|(1992-    )|Moving picture systems||Includes video telephone (see W02-F08B codes also). Still-picture types are coded in W01-C05B1C. See W01-C01G4 for apparatus details. Search with W01-C02B1 and W02-F08 codes for video conferencing system.|Narrowband TV, picture phone
W01-C05B2|Current|(1997-    )|Multimedia system||See also T01, W03, W04 codes as appropriate, especially T01-J30 and W04-K10 codes. See W01-C01P1 for telephone subscriber apparatus details.|
W01-C05B3|Current|(1987-    )|Telegraphic telephone line communication||See T01 codes also for computer aspects. Prior to 2002 W01-C05B3 was routinely used to highlight computer telephony integration and internet telephony, now both covered by W01-C05B4 codes, and ADSL which is now covered by W01-C05B8A.|Telecontrol, telemetering, computer access, remote terminals
W01-C05B3A|Current|(1992-    )|Telephone line modem||Covers novel aspects of modem per se. See also W01-A09 codes for modulation/demodulation aspects. See W02-C04B2 or W01-A07H3 for free space optical link or W01-A07H2 or W02-G02 for radio link. See W01-C05B3G for voice over data modem.|
W01-C05B3B|Current|(1992-    )|Communication with computer from remote terminal||Novel modems are coded in W01-C05B3A, W01-C05B3G or W01-C05B3H, depending on type. (See also T01 codes).|
W01-C05B3C|Current|(1992-    )|Electronic funds transfer||Also coded in T05-L02, and T01-N01A1 from 2002. Note that from 2002, EFT and e-commerce inventions are not coded here unless some novel PSTN aspect is involved.|
W01-C05B3D|Current|(1992-    )|Telex|||
W01-C05B3E|Current|(1992-    )|Remote control||See also W05-D06G codes.|
W01-C05B3F|Current|(1992-    )|Remote monitoring||See also W05-D06G codes. Search W01-C05A only for monitoring in the context of alarm systems.|
W01-C05B3G|Current|(1997-    )|Voice over data modem|W01-C05B3A|Voice-over-IP telephone communication is covered by W01-C05B4C from 2002. (Prior to 2002, W01-A06B7, W01-A06F, and W01-C05B3 were used, in addition to T01-H07C5E).|VoD
W01-C05B3H|Current|(1997-    )|Facsimile-modem|W01-C05B1C, W01-C05B3A||Fax-modem
W01-C05B3J|Current|(1997-    )|Data streaming||Telephone sets (as opposed to systems) with data streaming capability are covered by W01-C01G6G from 2002.|GPRS, EDGE, packet, radio
W01-C05B3L|Current|(1997-    )|PCMCIA/PC card||This code is intended for PC type interface cards, e.g. used to interface between a mobile phone and a lap top or palm top computer.|
W01-C05B4|Current|(2002-    )|CTI and telephone systems combined with internet system|W01-C05B3|Prior to 2002 W01-C05B3 was routinely used to highlight computer telephony integration. Voice over data modem aspects are covered by W01-A09E3, and W01-C05B3G when specifically intended for PSTN usage. Voice over IP transmission is covered by W01-C05B4C from 2002 (previously T01-H07C5E, W01-A06B7, W01-A06F, and W01-C05B3).|
W01-C05B4A|Current|(2002-    )|CTI - (computer telephony integration)|W01-A06, W01-C05B3||
W01-C05B4C|Current|(2002-    )|Telephony via the internet and IP-based telephony|T01-H07C5E, W01-A06B7, W01-A06F, W01-C05B3|From 2012 the title of this code has been changed to reflect its existing coverage of IP-based telephony over other networks such as LANs, in addition to the use of the internet as a medium. This code takes precedence over W01-C05B4A and is intended for telephone systems using internet protocol to transfer voice information, over the internet and also private networks. Telephone apparatus equipped for VoIP-based communication is covered by W01-C01G6E or W01-C01G6H in the case of 'push to talk' technology. Arrangements for access to the internet via the telephone network for general purposes are covered by W01-C05B4E. W01-A06B7A is also assigned where novel aspects of the internet itself are involved. Computer system aspects of the internet are assigned T01-N codes also.|Generic Area Network, GAN, Next Generation Public Switched Telephone Network, NPSTN, Unlicensed Mobile Access, UMA, Voice over internet protocol, VoIP 
W01-C05B4E|Current|(2002-    )|Internet access via telephone system||This code is intended for arrangements for access, via the telephone system, to the internet for general purposes. Telephone systems using VoIP, i.e. using the internet as a medium for telephone traffic, are covered by W01-C05B4C. W01-A06B7A is also assigned where novel aspects of the internet itself are involved. Computer system aspects of the internet are assigned T01-N codes also.|
W01-C05B4G|Current|(2006-    )|Push to talk over packet network system||Providing direct one-to-one or one-to-many voice communication using Voice over IP (VoIP) over cellular packet network. Prior to 2006, this topic was covered in W01-C02B1 and W01-C05B3J. Telephone sets equipped for this mode are assigned W01-C01G6H. Internet telephony systems are covered by W01-C05B4C. Instant messaging systems using the telephone network are covered in W01-C05B1A, and telephone sets equipped for that mode are assigned W01-C01G6F. Telephone chatlines in general are covered by W01-C05B5A but internet chatroom systems are not included, being covered by T01 codes (e.g. T01-N03A1C).|PoC
W01-C05B5|Current|(1987-    )|Entertainment, dictation|||Value-added telephone services
W01-C05B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Entertainment systems||See also W02-F10 codes for interactive entertainment systems, and W04-X02 codes and W04-X03A3 respectively for games or karaoke aspects.|Subscription/cable TV, pay-per-view communication, karaoke, chatline
W01-C05B5C|Current|(1992-    )|Educational and information systems|||Time announcement, speaking clock, recorded information, audience research
W01-C05B5E|Current|(1992-    )|Recording and storage systems||See W01-C02B7C for voice mail per se.|Centralised recording, voice mail
W01-C05B5G|Current|(2005-    )|Advertising and marketing||Covers transmission of advertising, promotional and marketing information to telephone users. Visual advertising in general is covered by W05-E03 codes, and advertising based solely on audible information by W05-F (from 2014), which are also assigned as appropriate. See T01-N01A2C for transmission of advertising and marketing information in computer networks.|Promotions, offers, adverts
W01-C05B6|Current|(2005-    )|Mobile commerce||Covers buying and selling of goods and services e.g. financial and business services through wireless telephone systems. Novel aspects of PSTN electronic funds transfer are covered by W01-C05B3C. See T01-N01A2 for computer e-commerce and T01-N01A1 for on-line banking.|M-commerce, on-line shopping, mobile banking, wallet
W01-C05B7|Current|(1992-    )|ISDN system||Used with other W01-C codes as appropriate.|
W01-C05B7A|Current|(1992-    )|Subscriber apparatus||Also assigned W01-C01L1 for interface aspects.|
W01-C05B7B|Current|(1992-    )|ISDN exchange||Data exchanges interfacing arrangements with ISDN are also coded in W01-A06B5C.|
W01-C05B7C|Current|(1992-    )|Complete system (architecture), signalling or method of operation|||
W01-C05B7D|Current|(1992-    )|Control|||
W01-C05B7E|Current|(1992-    )|Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)|||
W01-C05B7X|Current|(1992-    )|ISDN system - other|||
W01-C05B8|Current|(2002-    )|ADSL and other digital subscriber line system|W01-C05B3|Prior to 2002 ADSL was assigned W01-C05B3.|HDSL, XDSL, SDSL
W01-C05B8A|Current|(2002-    )|ADSL|||
W01-C06|Current||Metering; time controlling and indicating||Prior to 199201, use with W01-C01X for meter at subscriber location, (from 199201 covered by W01-C01J only). See W01-C02A for exchange aspects. From 199201, statistical metering is covered by W01-C02A1A. Search with W01-C02A7 for least cost routing at exchange or W01-C01B4 only for system in subscriber apparatus.|Call charge calculation, exchange metering, call-logging system, least cost routing
W01-C06A|Current|(2002-    )|Least cost routing|||
W01-C06C|Current|(2002-    )|Time control and indication|||
W01-C06E|Current|(2002-    )|Billing|||
W01-C06G|Current|(2002-    )|Reduced rate and reverse charge systems|||
W01-C06G1|Current|(2002-    )|Reduced rate charging systems||Includes arrangements for reduced rate charging band on e.g. keying in an access code with a pre-paid card. Prepayment telephones in general are covered by W01-C07A codes.|
W01-C06G3|Current|(2005-    )|Toll free calling||Includes arrangements providing free telephone calls through special dial access.|
W01-C06G5|Current|(2002-    )|Reverse call charging|||Collect call
W01-C06J|Current|(2005-    )|Prepaid telephone services||Covers provision of telephone service without a contract being established with the service provider. See W01-C07A codes for prepayment public telephones.|Pay-as-you-go, pre-pay
W01-C06L|Current|(2005-    )|Call logging||Covers compilation and storage of telephone usage records, usually for a specific number, e.g. to monitor possible unauthorised calls.|
W01-C06X|Current|(2002-    )|Other metering, time controlling and indicating aspects|||
W01-C07|Current||Prepayment telephones; current supplies|||
W01-C07A|Current|(1987-    )|Prepayment/public telephone||See T05-H05C and other T05-H codes also for coin/card-operated aspects.|Coin-operated, card-operated, telephone booth, kiosk
W01-C07A1|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details|W01-C01A, W01-C07A|See W01-C01A also for construction of telephone set per se as far as analogous to subscriber telephone. From 199201, W01-C07A1 only is assigned for details of telephone kiosk, booth etc.|
W01-C07A3|Current|(1992-    )|Anti-fraud measures||Includes alarms and arrangements to prevent interference with metering etc. Use with W01-C07A5 when coin/card aspects involved.|Security, pin-fraud, antitheft
W01-C07A5|Current|(1992-    )|Coin/card-freed aspects||See also T04-C, T04-K and T05-H codes, especially T05-H05C.|
W01-C07A5A|Current|(1997-    )|Telephone card||See T04-C, T04-K and T05-H codes also.|Phone card
W01-C07A7|Current|(1992-    )|Control and signalling aspects||Includes arrangements for metering, indicating faults, full cash-box, etc.|
W01-C07A9|Current|(1997-    )|Prepayment/public telephone - other|||
W01-C07B|Current|(1987-    )|Current supplies||Prior to 199201, used with W01-C01X for subscriber set aspects which are now covered by W01-C01E codes.|Power supply, exchange battery, subscriber line feed, ringing current generator
W01-C08|Current|(1987-    )|General equipment details/circuits|W01-C09||
W01-C08A|Current|(1987-    )|Protection, e.g. against lightning strike etc.||Protection systems in general are in U24-F and X13-C.|Surge protector, gas discharge tube, varistor, fuse
W01-C08B|Current|(1987-    )|Line hybrid (transformers and circuit equivalents)||See also W02-C01X for general (or non-telephone) application, V02 for inductive components, and U25 for impedance networks, (e.g. U25-C for impedance converters, and U25-D codes for matching, combining, etc.).|Two-wire/four-wire circuit, impedance matching/balancing, differential circuit
W01-C08C|Current|(1987-    )|Test equipment||Covers portable equipment and apparatus used in remote tests. Testing of subscriber devices using external equipment is covered by W01-C01K, which may be assigned with W01-C08C codes for specific cases where the subscriber equipment itself is being tested.|
W01-C08C1|Current|(1992-    )|Portable test set|||
W01-C08C3|Current|(1992-    )|Remotely operated auxiliary test device||Includes device for discriminating line fault and subscriber set fault (see also W01-C01K for subscriber set testing generally and W01-C02A5 for exchange testing of subscriber lines).|
W01-C08C5|Current|(1992-    )|Maintenance centre system||Includes system remotely monitoring telephone installations, e.g. monitoring several exchanges (with W01-C02A1).|
W01-C08E|Current|(1992-    )|Equalisers, echo cancelling, noise reduction||See also appropriate code in W02-C01B or W02-C01C.|
W01-C08F|Current|(1992-    )|Security aspects||The title of this code has been expanded from 2002 to better reflect its coverage of telephone usage control. See also W02-L codes for secrecy aspects. Includes detection of eavesdropping, and scrambling systems.|Secrecy, wire-tap/eavesdropping detector
W01-C08F1|Current|(2002-    )|Wiretapping and prevention of wiretapping|||
W01-C08F1A|Current|(2002-    )|Wiretapping|||
W01-C08F1C|Current|(2002-    )|Prevention and detection of wiretapping|||
W01-C08F5|Current|(2002-    )|Controlling or preventing use of telephone||This code is primarily intended for systems inhibiting the use of e.g. portable phones in a sensitive area, such as a theatre, hospital etc., e.g. by 'dummy' base stations or jamming techniques. It is assigned with mobile phone system codes as appropriate, e.g. W01-B05A1A and W02-C03C1B for base station aspects. Arrangements for determining entitlement, and denying access, to different levels of telephone service are covered by W01-C02B6A and W01-C02B6C respectively.|
W01-C08G|Current|(1997-    )|Telephone line type||These codes are only assigned to highlight the significance of the line type to the particular invention, e.g. W01-C08G1 is not assigned for every invention relating to copper twisted pair telephone systems.|
W01-C08G1|Current|(1997-    )|Wire line|||Twisted pair
W01-C08G2|Current|(1997-    )|Optical fibre|W01-C08X, W02-C04B1||
W01-C08G9|Current|(1997-    )|Telephone line type - other|||
W01-C08H|Current|(2005-    )|Application of telephone systems and apparatus||This code is generally used without other W01 codes, and is intended for inventions relying on use of the telephone systems or apparatus, while not involving novel aspects. The code is assigned only when the particular application cannot be coded elsewhere.|
W01-C08X|Current|(1987-    )|General equipment details/circuits - other|||Intermediate amplifier, equipment cooling/environmental control
W01-C09|Current||Telephony (incl. manual exchanges) - other||From 199201, see W01-C02G and other W01-C02 codes for semi-automatic systems.|
W01-D|Current||Cable or line installation||Power line installation is covered by X12-G codes. See V07-H codes for optical fiber aspects.|
W01-D01|Current||Methods and equipment|||Cable feeder, cable puller, cable locator, tools
W01-D02|Current||Fittings|||Mounting, fixing, socket, junction box, connector
W01-D03|Current||Installations|||Underwater/underground/overhead installation, conduit, ducting
W01-D09|Current||Cable or line installation - other|||Cable reel, pressurised cable leak monitor
W01-E|Current|(2012-    )|General aspects of wireless data networks and mobile phone networks||This code and its subdivisions are intended to indicate aspects of wireless systems, normally operating on a cellular model, that may be equally applicable to data networks as covered by W01-A06C4 codes and mobile phone networks and systems as covered by W01-B05A1 and W01-C01D codes. The codes are intended for wireless networks in a general sense and may be used alone in general cases or with specific additional wireless network or mobile phone system codes as appropriate to provide more detail. When relevant, W02 codes are also assigned for radio system aspects, e.g. details of cellular mobile radio systems are indicated by assignment of W02-C03C1 codes and novelty in radio equipment by W02-C03C1 codes and W02-G codes, these codes being assigned in addition to W01-E codes as necessary.|
W01-E01|Current|(2012-    )|Mobility aspects of data networks and mobile phone networks||This code and its subdivisions cover aspects arising from the movement of mobile phones or wireless terminals and stations in general, such as roaming and registration. |
W01-E01A|Current|(2012-    )|Roaming||This code, or its subdivisions, replace W01-A06E1R, W01-A06E1S and W01-B05A1R and covers arrangements for allowing mobile phones or wireless terminals to move between home and other networks.|
W01-E01A1|Current|(2012-    )|Roaming between networks operating on the same standard||This code replaces W01-A06E1R and covers inventions for roaming between e.g. wireless local area networks of the same type, or between same-standard mobile phone networks. For roaming between wireless data networks and mobile phone networks W01-E01A3E is assigned instead of W01-E01A1 codes.|
W01-E01A1A|Current|(2012-    )|Roaming between wireless data networks operating on the same standard||This code covers arrangements for roaming between wireless data networks, e.g. wireless LANs, which are operating using the same standards.|
W01-E01A1C|Current|(2012-    )|Roaming between mobile telephone networks operating on the same standard||This code replaces W01-B05A1R and covers inventions for roaming between same-standard mobile phone networks, e.g. between GSM networks.|
W01-E01A3|Current|(2012-    )|Roaming between networks operating on different standards||This code replaces W01-A06E1S|
W01-E01A3A|Current|(2012-    )|Roaming between wireless data networks operating on different standards||This code covers arrangements for roaming in which mobiles may obtain communications service with wireless data networks operating on different standards, e.g. IEEE 802.11 AND IEEE 802.16. W01-A06C4 codes denoting wireless network standards are assigned as appropriate.|
W01-E01A3C|Current|(2012-    )|Roaming between mobile telephone networks operating on different standards||This code covers arrangements for roaming in which mobiles may obtain communications service with mobile phone networks operating on different standards, e.g. GSM, 3G, 4G.|
W01-E01A3E|Current|(2012-    )|Roaming between mobile telephone networks and wireless data networks||This code covers roaming arrangements allowing mobiles to obtain communications service with mobile phone networks and wireless data networks depending on availability. This code is assigned in preference to W01-E01A1 codes. Prior to 2012 this topic was indicated by assignment of W01-A06E1S and W01-B05A1R.|
W01-E01A5|Current|(2012-    )|International roaming||This code covers arrangements for allowing mobile phones or wireless terminals to obtain communications services across national boundaries.|
W01-E01C|Current|(2012-    )|Registration aspects||This code, or its subdivisions, replace W01-B05A1N and W01-B05A1Q and covers arrangements for registering mobile phones or wireless terminals with a network.|
W01-E01C1|Current|(2012-    )|Location register details||Prior to 2012 this topic was represented by W01-B05A1Q.|Home location register, HLR, visitor location register, VLR
W01-E01C3|Current|(2012-    )|Registration of mobile user||Prior to 2012 this topic was represented by W01-B05A1N in the case of mobile phone networks.|
W01-E01C5|Current|(2012-    )|Transfer of registration information||This code covers the transfer of information between access points or base stations during roaming or as part of a hand-off procedure. Hand-off aspects are also assigned W02-C03C1D.|
W01-E99|Current|(2012-    )|Other wireless systems and apparatus common to data networks and mobile phone networks|||
W02|Current||Broadcasting, radio and line transmission systems|||
W02-A|Current||Waveguide devices||Includes specific devices and techniques for RF waveguide technology. Lumped-constant frequency-dependent circuits are in U25, optical waveguides are in V07.|
W02-A01|Current||Transmission lines of the waveguide type||Covers waveguides per se, i.e. shape, materials etc.|
W02-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Coplanar lines||Covers lines with two longitudinal conductors.|
W02-A01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Fin, slot lines|||
W02-A01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Coaxial lines||For coaxial cables in general, see X12-D05, e.g. flexible coaxial cables which are coded in X12-D05 only.|
W02-A01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Microstrips; striplines||See appropriate U14 codes for microstrip technology relevant to film circuits, e.g. U14-H03C2 codes for analogue circuitry, and V04-Q codes for printed circuit details.|
W02-A01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Coplanar lines - other|||
W02-A01B|Current|(1992-    )|Waveguide conductor||Covers waveguides with single solid longitudinal conductor.|
W02-A01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Wire|||
W02-A01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Hollow|||
W02-A01B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Ridged or grooved|||
W02-A01B2B|Current|(1992-    )|Circular||Includes elliptic and parabolic cross-section waveguides.|
W02-A01B2C|Current|(1992-    )|Flexible|||
W02-A01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Dielectric||Covers waveguides without a longitudinal conductor.|
W02-A01B4|Current|(1992-    )|With several layers||Increases operating surface by building-up from several layers e.g. alternate dielectric and conductive layers.|
W02-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Auxiliary devices|||
W02-A01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Bends; corners; twists|||Flange, seal, gasket
W02-A01C2|Current|(1992-    )|Fixed joints|||
W02-A01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Movable joints; rotating joints||Includes hinged and rotary joints.|
W02-A01C5|Current|(1997-    )|Waveguide windows||Covers window arrangements, e.g. with dielectric material covering aperture in guide wall (see V05-F04L for such arrangements applied to plasma and similar processing equipment). Couplers in general are covered in W02-A02 codes. Dielectric waveguides are covered by W02-A01B3.|
W02-A01D|Current|(1992-    )|Materials||Covers materials for waveguides per se only. Materials of general application to waveguide devices are covered by W02-A08C codes.|
W02-A02|Current||Couplers, combiners, impedance matching||Waveguide windows are covered by W02-A01C5. From 2002, couplers within distributed-constant-type filters, e.g. those providing coupling between resonators, are assigned W02-A05Q codes, and are not covered by W02-A02 codes unless of wider application.|Port, input, transition, probe
W02-A02A|Current|(1992-    )|Balanced/unbalanced line coupler; coupling different types of waveguide|||
W02-A02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Waveguide-to-coaxial line|||
W02-A02A2|Current|(1992-    )|Waveguide-to-stripline|||
W02-A02A3|Current|(1997-    )|Coaxial-to-stripline|||
W02-A02A5|Current|(2007-    )|Balanced-to-unbalanced converter||See U25-D03 for lumped constant balanced-to-unbalanced converters|
W02-A02B|Current|(1992-    )|Active coupler with several ports|||
W02-A02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Conjugate devices||Covers devices with at least one port decoupled from one other port. Isolators and circulators are covered by W02-A04E and W02-A04F codes respectively.|
W02-A02B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Directional coupler||Includes couplers consisting of two coupled guides, being either hollow waveguides or arranged in parallel or being coaxial, stripline or microstrip. See W02-A01 codes for claimed waveguide transmission lines, and V04-Q codes for printed circuit details.|
W02-A02B1C|Current|(1992-    )|Magic-t junction|||
W02-A02B1D|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid ring junction|||
W02-A02C|Current|(1992-    )|Impedance transformation; matching||Lumped constant impedance matching is covered by U25 codes.|
W02-A02D|Current|(1992-    )|Power combiner, divider|||
W02-A03|Current||Resonators; delay lines||Electromechanical delay lines are in V06.|
W02-A03A|Current|(1992-    )|Resonators|||
W02-A03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Helical; spiral|||
W02-A03A2|Current|(1992-    )|Lecher; coaxial||Coaxial resonators covered here include those comprising concentric electrodes with an air space between (W02-A03A2A) and those in which the space between electrodes is filled by a solid dielectric material (W02-A03A2C). Resonators termed 'dielectric' but having outer and inner electrodes are thus assigned the latter code. Resonators comprising a suitably-dimensioned piece of dielectric material without a pair of electrodes are coded in W02-A03A3C if forming part of a resonant cavity, and in W02-A03A5 otherwise.|
W02-A03A2A|Current|(1997-    )|Coaxial resonator without solid dielectric|||
W02-A03A2C|Current|(1997-    )|Coaxial resonator with solid dielectric|||
W02-A03A3|Current|(1992-    )|Cavity|||
W02-A03A3A|Current|(1997-    )|Without solid dielectric|||
W02-A03A3C|Current|(1997-    )|With solid dielectric||See note for W02-A03A2.|
W02-A03A4|Current|(1992-    )|Stripline; microstrip|||
W02-A03A5|Current|(1992-    )|Dielectric||Covers dielectric resonators with magnetic field coupling. Resonators with dielectric filled spaces are coded under W02-A03A2 or W02-A03A3.|
W02-A03B|Current|(1992-    )|Delay lines||Includes helical and interdigital lines.|
W02-A04|Current||Attenuators; terminations; isolators; circulators; switches|||
W02-A04A|Current|(1992-    )|Switches|||
W02-A04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Ferromagnetic; mechanical||See also appropriate V03- codes for mechanical type switches.|Ferrite
W02-A04A3|Current|(1992-    )|Using electrical discharge devices||See appropriate V05- codes also.|
W02-A04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Using semiconductor devices||See appropriate U21-B codes also for electronic switches, e.g. U21-B01A and U21-B05E.|
W02-A04B|Current|(1992-    )|Absorber||Absorbers for antenna applications are covered by W02-B03D codes, which are also used as a general place for absorber materials.|
W02-A04C|Current|(1992-    )|Attenuator||Attenuators using chiefly lumped-constant elements are covered by U25-D07.|
W02-A04C1|Current|(1992-    )|Using ferromagnetic material|||
W02-A04C5|Current|(1997-    )|Attenuator using semiconductor devices|||
W02-A04C9|Current|(1992-    )|Attenuator - other|||
W02-A04D|Current|(1992-    )|Terminations||Includes dissipative terminations e.g. resistive, liquid.|Dummy load, water load
W02-A04E|Current|(1992-    )|Isolator||Includes resonance absorption and field displacement isolators.|
W02-A04F|Current|(1992-    )|Circulator||Covers Y-circulators and hollow waveguide circulators.|
W02-A04F1|Current|(1992-    )|Stripline and microstrip circulators|||
W02-A05|Current||Filters||From 199701, W02-A05K codes have been assigned to indicate filter function in conjunction with other W02-A05 codes. From 2002, coupling arrangements, e.g. between resonators, are covered by W02-A05Q codes, and are no longer assigned W02-A02 codes unless of wider application also.|Band pass, notch, high pass, low pass, adjustable, tunable
W02-A05A|Current|(1992-    )|Transverse electromagnetic filters|||
W02-A05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Coaxial||From 199701, cascaded coaxial cavity filters are included in this category to simplify grouping based on physical structure, and are covered by W02-A05A1E.|
W02-A05A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Without solid dielectric|||
W02-A05A1C|Current|(1997-    )|With solid dielectric||See note for W02-A03A2.|
W02-A05A1E|Current|(1997-    )|Cascaded coaxial cavities|W02-A05A3||
W02-A05A2|Current|(1992-    )|Stripline; microstrip|||
W02-A05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Comb or interdigital||Prior to 199701, this code covered cascaded coaxial cavity filters which are now transferred to W02-A05A1E.|
W02-A05B|Current|(1992-    )|Hollow waveguide filters|||
W02-A05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Cavity|||
W02-A05B1A|Current|(1997-    )|Without solid dielectric|||
W02-A05B1C|Current|(1997-    )|With solid dielectric||See note for W02-A03A2.|
W02-A05B1E|Current|(1997-    )|Cascaded cavities||Covers cascaded resonators inside hollow waveguide structure.|
W02-A05B2|Current|(1992-    )|Waffle-iron filters; corrugated structure|||
W02-A05C|Retired|(1992-1996)|Suppressing or attenuating harmonic frequencies*||*This code is now discontinued and from 1997 this subject matter is transferred to W02-A05K6. W02-A05C remains valid and searchable for records prior to 1997.|
W02-A05D|Retired|(1992-1996)|Combining or separating several different frequencies*||*This code is now discontinued and from 1997 this subject matter is transferred to W02-A05K7. W02-A05D remains valid and searchable for records prior to 1997.|
W02-A05E|Current|(1992-    )|Ferromagnetic material; YIG||Prior to 1997, this code included magnetostatic wave elements used as non-linear noise-reducing devices (also assigned V06-V codes), which are now transferred to W02-A06E. W02-G03B9 ('Other radio receiver noise reduction') will continue to be applied in addition to indicate the noise-reduction aspect.|
W02-A05F|Current|(1992-    )|Evanescent mode filter|||
W02-A05G|Current|(1992-    )|Active filters with distributed components||See U25-E01 codes for active filters using lumped circuit elements.|
W02-A05K|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by function and operation||Codes in this section are assigned with other codes relating to filter technology as appropriate.|
W02-A05K1|Current|(1997-    )|Lowpass filter|||
W02-A05K2|Current|(1997-    )|Bandpass filter|||
W02-A05K3|Current|(1997-    )|Highpass filter|||
W02-A05K4|Current|(1997-    )|Notch filter|||
W02-A05K6|Current|(1997-    )|Suppressing or attenuating harmonic frequencies|W02-A05C|Coded under W02-A05C prior to 199701.|
W02-A05K7|Current|(1997-    )|Combining or separating several different frequencies|W02-A05D|Coded under W02-A05D prior to 1997. This code includes duplexers and diplexers having a frequency band separation aspect based on filtering using waveguide technology. Duplexers for use in radio transceivers are also covered by W02-G02A5B. Frequency combining or separating using lumped-constant elements is covered by U25-E05K.|
W02-A05K9|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by function and operation - other|||
W02-A05Q|Current|(2002-    )|Novel coupling arrangements for filters|W02-A02, W02-A05|This code is intended to highlight novel arrangements for providing coupling between filter sections, and may be used with other W02-A05 codes denoting filter technology. Novel coupling arrangements in general for waveguide devices are covered by W02-A02 codes, which from 2002 are not used for internal filter coupling arrangements unless of wider application also.|
W02-A05Q1|Current|(2002-    )|Variable coupling arrangements||This code is intended for filter coupling arrangements in which the coefficient of coupling may be adjusted in normal use. Arrangements for trimming or adjusting coupling during manufacture are covered by W02-A07 codes.|
W02-A06|Current||Mode selectors; phase shifters; polarisers|||
W02-A06A|Current|(1992-    )|Mode selectors|||
W02-A06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Absorbing spurious modes of propagation|||
W02-A06B|Current|(1992-    )|Polariser||See W02-B03C codes for antenna polarisers.|
W02-A06B1|Current|(1992-    )|Circular polarisation|||
W02-A06B3|Current|(1992-    )|Using faraday rotators|||
W02-A06C|Current|(1992-    )|Phase shifters|||
W02-A06C1|Current|(1992-    )|Using active elements||Includes use of e.g. semiconductor devices.|
W02-A06C2|Current|(1992-    )|Using a ferromagnetic device||Includes ferromagnetic device having toroidal shape.|
W02-A06E|Current|(1997-    )|Nonlinear noise reduction devices||Includes magnetostatic wave devices. See also V06 codes, e.g. V06-V, and W02-G03B9 for radio receiver noise reduction aspect. Also assigned W03-A01A1 and W03-A01B codes as appropriate if forming part of DBS receiver tuner.|
W02-A07|Current||Manufacture, testing||See also S01 for measuring, e.g. S01-H05 for high-frequency measurements.|
W02-A07A|Current|(1997-    )|Manufacture of waveguides and waveguide components|||Machining, cutting, welding, coating, plating
W02-A07A1|Current|(1997-    )|For integrated, hybrid, or film circuits||See U14 codes as appropriate, e.g. U14-H04 codes.|
W02-A07B|Current|(1997-    )|Testing of waveguides and waveguide components||See also S01 codes for specific details of electrical testing, and S02/S03 codes for non-electrical testing, such as measuring dimensions, materials testing, etc.|
W02-A07B1|Current|(1997-    )|For integrated, hybrid, or film circuits|||
W02-A08|Current|(1992-    )|General details|||
W02-A08A|Current|(1992-    )|Compensation of environmental effects||Includes protection against the effects of e.g. moisture, temperature.|
W02-A08B|Current|(1992-    )|Non-specific circuitry||This code is used for circuitry associated with waveguide devices not catered for elsewhere in section W. See also U23-Q.|
W02-A08C|Current|(1992-    )|Materials||Includes materials for waveguide devices in general. Materials for waveguides per se only are covered by W02-A01D.|
W02-A08C1|Current|(1992-    )|For millimetre wave|||
W02-A08G|Current|(1997-    )|Devices with variable parameters|||
W02-A08G1|Current|(1997-    )|Adjustable resonant frequency|||
W02-A08J|Current|(2002-    )|Waveguides and waveguide devices using superconducting materials||This code is intended to highlight the use of superconducting materials, not novel themselves, necessarily. Novel superconducting materials are assigned U14-F and X12-D06 codes.|
W02-A09|Current||Waveguide devices - other|||
W02-B|Current||Aerials||Aerials per se are also coded under application.|
W02-B01|Current||Monopoles, dipoles, loop and rhombic aerials, etc.|||
W02-B01A|Current|(1992-    )|Loop||Includes circular loops and also rectangular, delta and similar shapes. Parasitic arrays formed from such elements (I.e. 'quad' or 'box kite' antennas) are covered by W02-B04D5. Folded dipole antennas are covered by W02-B01B1A or W02-B01B2A. Includes loop conductor antennas for smart cards, which are also assigned T04-K01C and V04-Q codes for printed circuit details.|
W02-B01A1|Current|(1992-    )|With core e.g. ferrite rod|||
W02-B01B|Current|(1992-    )|Dipole||Yagi-Uda parasitic arrays formed from dipole elements are covered by W02-B04D1. Dipole arrays with separate feed to each element are covered by W02-B05B1, but note that log periodic types themselves are coded in W02-B01D1.|Folded dipole
W02-B01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Centre-fed||In 2002 the title of this code was changed to better reflect its actual coverage. Formerly entitled 'Center-fed' (dipoles), the title now refers to the linear arrangement of elements, e.g. as distinct from the ring form covered by W02-B01B2 codes. As before, although centre-fed dipoles constitute the majority of postings for this code, those with an offset feed, e.g. for impedance matching purposes (W02-B08E1 assigned as well) are also included.|
W02-B01B1A|Current|(2002-    )|Folded dipole||This code is intended for dipoles which may be regarded as a half-wavelength transmission line pair with shorted ends, or a wavelength-long conductor in the form of a flattened loop. Impedance matching aspects are indicated by additional assignment of W02-B08E1.|
W02-B01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Ring||From 2002 the title of this code has been changed to better distinguish it from spiral antennas as covered by W02-B01B3. It is intended for dipoles with the ends brought close together to form a ring.|Halo
W02-B01B2A|Current|(2002-    )|Folded ring dipole||This code is intended for folded dipoles with the ends brought into proximity so as to form a ring. Impedance matching aspects are indicated by additional assignment of W02-B08E1.|
W02-B01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Circular||From 2002 the title of this code has been changed to better reflect its intended coverage of spiral dipole antennas, as distinct from those essentially comprising a dipole with the ends brought together in the form of a ring.|
W02-B01C|Current|(1992-    )|Unipole, monopole|||
W02-B01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Whip, rod||Prior to 199701, telescopic aerials were excluded from this code, being covered by W02-B01X.|
W02-B01C1A|Current|(1997-    )|Telescopic antenna|W02-B01X|Coded as W02-B01X prior to 199701. From 199701 collapsible antennas in general are covered by W02-B08K, and collapsible supports by W02-B07A5. The latter code was used for both types from 199201 to 199701.|
W02-B01C1C|Current|(1997-    )|Whip antenna with loading coil||W02-B01C3 takes precedence for continuously-loaded aerials. See also W02-B08E for antenna impedance matching and tuning.|
W02-B01C1G|Current|(2002-    )|Ground plane antenna||This code is intended for monopole arrangements with a associated groundplane in the form of separate elements or a metallic plate, which is part of the antenna itself and not provided by the surface on which it is mounted. Discone antennas are covered by W02-B01C5 (from 2002, formerly W02-B01C and W02-B01X).|
W02-B01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Helical|||
W02-B01C3A|Current|(2002-    )|Quadrafilar helix|W02-B01C3, W02-B05B|This code is intended for antennas in the form of two bifilar helical loop sections. For use with satellite telephones search with W01-C01D3E (W02-C03C1C is also assigned for this application since satellite phone systems are regarded as being of cellular type) and W02-C03B1C for application to ground stations in general in a satellite radio system. Prior to 2002, antennas of this type were assigned W02-B01C3 and W02-B05B.|QFH, spacecraft, weather, satellite, APT, HRPT, GPS
W02-B01C5|Current|(2002-    )|Discone and conical-skirt monopoles|W02-B01C, W02-B01X|This code is intended for antennas in the form of a cone and monopole combination, normally employed for reasons of wideband performance. Arrangements for increasing the bandwidth of antennas in general are covered by W02-B08P3 and multi-band antennas by W02-B08R1 codes.|Wideband, multi-octave, VHF, UHF, scanning, monitoring
W02-B01D|Current|(1992-    )|Electrically-long aerials||Includes resonant aerials e.g. travelling-wave and non-resonant antennas e.g. rhombic.|
W02-B01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Log-periodic||Arrays made up of several log periodic antennas are covered by W02-B05B5.|
W02-B01F|Current|(1997-    )|Inverted-f antenna|W02-B01X||
W02-B01R|Current|(2010-    )|Novel radiating element||This code is intended to indicate novelty in the radiating element of an antenna, e.g. its shape or configuration, and is used in conjunction with other W02-B01 codes as necessary to highlight novel aspects. Note that W02-B01R is not used to denote shape or configuration that is a standard feature of the antenna type, such as a helical antenna which is covered by W02-B01C3 codes alone.|
W02-B01X|Current|(1992-    )|Monopoles, dipoles, loop and rhombic aerials, etc. - other||Prior to 199701 telescopic aerials were included. These are now coded under W02-B01C1A.|
W02-B02|Current||Waveguide and slot aerials|||
W02-B02A|Current|(1987-    )|Microstrip/stripline aerials||Printed circuit antennas are covered by W02-B07A3 and V04-Q codes|Conductor pattern, etched, patch, substrate
W02-B02B|Current|(1992-    )|Waveguide horns|||
W02-B02C|Current|(1992-    )|Resonant slot aerial|||
W02-B02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Microstrip slot antenna||See also W02-B02A.|
W02-B03|Current||Reflectors, refractors, polarisers, absorbers|||
W02-B03A|Current|(1992-    )|Refractor, diffractor e.g. lens, prism|||Dielectric lens
W02-B03B|Current|(1992-    )|Reflector||From 199701, for collapsible antenna reflector per se (e.g. for on-station deployment from communications satellite, i.e. 'umbrella' type antenna) search reflector type code with W02-B08K (collapsible antenna). Collapsible supports and mountings for non-collapsible antennas are covered by W02-B07A5, which was used for both aspects from 199201 to 199701.|Circular
W02-B03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by shape|||Form, contour
W02-B03B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Parabolic||Search with W02-B08K for collapsible reflectors per se from 199701. (Previously coded as W02-B03B1A and W02-B07A5).|
W02-B03B1B|Current|(1992-    )|Having plane surface|||
W02-B03B2|Current|(1992-    )|Passive reflectors|||
W02-B03B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Chaff||See also W06-A04E1A, which covers jamming of radar systems.|Window strip
W02-B03B3|Current|(1992-    )|Having variable properties|||
W02-B03C|Current|(1992-    )|Polariser||See W02-A06B codes for (waveguide) polarisers in general.|
W02-B03C1|Current|(1997-    )|Variable polarisation|||
W02-B03D|Current|(1992-    )|Absorber||This code is used for absorbers that are part of an antenna or antenna system and also as a general reference for radio frequency absorbers and absorber materials (in W02-B03D1). This includes the use of absorber materials on unrelated structures such as buildings or aircraft. Search with W06-A04X for radar signature reduction using absorbers. Absorbers that are part of an RF waveguide system are covered by W02-A04B. RF shielding is covered by V04-U codes. |
W02-B03D1|Current|(1992-    )|Materials||Includes e.g. metallic threads, ferrite powders and woven or wound filaments.|Rubber, polymer, binder, carbon
W02-B04|Current||Active elements combined with reflectors, etc.|||Reflector, director, boom, parabolic, dish
W02-B04A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Reducing undesirable effects, e.g. edge scattering, cross-polarisation*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 is replaced by W02-B08P5E, with other W02-B04 codes assigned as appropriate.|
W02-B04B|Current|(1992-    )|Using refractor or diffractor|||
W02-B04C|Current|(1992-    )|Feed or driven element||Use with other W02-B codes as appropriate to discriminate types of feed.|Horn feed, dipole feed
W02-B04D|Current|(1992-    )|YAGI antenna||From 2002, the scope of this code is expanded to include 'quad' antennas. Log periodic antennas are covered by W02-B01D1. Arrays in which each element is driven are covered by W02-B05 codes.|Parasitic array
W02-B04D1|Current|(2002-    )|YAGI antennas|||Yagi-Uda
W02-B04D5|Current|(2002-    )|Quad antenna||This code is intended for 'quad' or 'box kite' antennas with form analogous to Yagi aerials, i.e. driven element arranged between reflector and one or more director elements, with elements typically approximately one wavelength long in total. Quadrifilar helix (QFH) antennas are covered by W02-B01C3A.|
W02-B04E|Current|(1997-    )|Parabolic reflector antenna|||Dish
W02-B05|Current||Aerial arrays||Parasitic arrays such as Yagi antennas are covered by W02-B04D codes, log periodic types by W02-B01D1.|
W02-B05A|Current|(1992-    )|Novel feed system||Includes stripline, modular, slotted waveguide, etc.|
W02-B05B|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by elements making up array||Where a specific subdivision does not exist W02-B05B is assigned together with a code for the antenna type. For example, prior to 2006, an array of helical antennas was coded as W02-B01C3 and W02-B05B (now covered by W02-B05B6).|
W02-B05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Dipole|||
W02-B05B2|Current|(1992-    )|Horn or slot|||
W02-B05B3|Current|(1992-    )|Microstrip, patch|||
W02-B05B4|Current|(1992-    )|YAGI|||
W02-B05B5|Current|(1992-    )|Log periodic|||
W02-B05B6|Current|(2006-    )|Helical antenna array|||
W02-B05B8|Retired|(1992-2001)|Array radiating different polarisation*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 this topic is covered by assignment of a suitable W02-B05 code in conjunction with W02-B08R5 which represents antennas with multiple polarisation characteristics in general.|
W02-B05C|Current|(1992-    )|Collinear arrangements|||
W02-B05D|Current|(1992-    )|Phased array|||
W02-B06|Current||Varying directional pattern||From 200501 W02-B06C is assigned for automatic tracking aspects. Prior to 2005 this topic was covered by assignment of W06-A02A1 with W02-B06 codes as appropriate.|Scanning antenna, direction control system, anti-roll positioning ship, vehicle
W02-B06A|Current|(1992-    )|Using mechanical movement|||Rotary support
W02-B06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Between primary active elements and secondary devices of aerials||Includes arrangement to rotate e.g. reflector only.|
W02-B06B|Current|(1992-    )|Using non-mechanical means||Includes electronic beam steering. Phased array antennas are covered by W02-B05D, which is also assigned as appropriate.|Electronic control
W02-B06B1|Current|(1992-    )|Continuous||Includes the use of continuous phase shifters.|Phase control
W02-B06B5|Current|(1992-    )|Non-continuous||Covers switched arrangement giving discrete variation of radiation diagram.|
W02-B06C|Current|(2005-    )|Automatic directional control antenna systems||Covers use of either mechanical movement or electronic beam steering (with W02-B06A or W02-B06B codes as necessary) to automatically adjust directional characteristics to optimize communication with a particular station, e.g. based on maximum signal strength or minimum BER (W02-G03J codes are also assigned to highlight this aspect, e.g. W02-G03J1A or W02-G03J5A). Prior to 2005, this topic was indicated by the assignment of W06-A02A1 ('Automatic direction finding') in addition to W02-B06 codes. From 2005, W06-A02A1 is no longer assigned unless separate direction finding aspects are emphasized. Directional diversity systems are also assigned W02-C03A4 codes and BDMA or SDMA systems are also assigned W02-K10 (from 2017). MIMO systems are covered by W02-C03A5 codes. Antenna set-up, i.e. installation, based on optimum reception is not included, being covered by W02-B08A5A. For use of antenna beam direction control in '5G' mobile networks search with W02-C03C1L.|Pilot signal, RSSI
W02-B06E|Current|(2006-    )|Variable polarisation antenna||This code is assigned alone or with W02-B06A or W02-B06B codes as appropriate. Novel antenna polarisers are covered by W02-B03C codes.|
W02-B07|Current||Supports; housings|||
W02-B07A|Current|(1992-    )|Supports|||
W02-B07A1|Current|(1992-    )|Fixed e.g. tower, mast, pole, base|||
W02-B07A1A|Current|(2002-    )|Antenna masts and towers||This code is intended for supporting masts and towers, usually dedicated to the purpose of mounting antennas. For arrangement intended to conceal masts, or make them less conspicuous, search with W02-B08P8G.|
W02-B07A1C|Current|(2002-    )|Antenna mounting hardware||This code is intended for mounting hardware such as stub masts, clamps, etc., normally designed for fixing an antenna to an existing structure.|
W02-B07A3|Current|(2002-    )|PCB and surface mount antennas||These codes are intended to cover antennas produced using printed circuit techniques and those intended for surface mounting on a PCB. Microstrip antennas are covered by W02-B02A, and those fabricated as a PCB without a parallel groundplane by W02-B07A3A. Antennas structurally combined with active components are also assigned W02-B08C3, which would be assigned for an antenna formed on the circuit board of a radio transceiver, for example (W02-G02 also). See V04 codes also for PCB details.|Etched circuit board, conductor, laminate, foil
W02-B07A3A|Current|(2002-    )|PCB antennas||This code covers antennas produced using PCB techniques, and is introduced to better distinguish between true 'waveguide' antennas such as those in microstrip form, which are covered by W02-B02A, and those fabricated as a PCB without a parallel groundplane, although both codes could be assigned for a PCB antenna operating in a genuine 'waveguide' mode. Surface mounted antennas are assigned W02-B07A3C, which takes precedence over this code. PCB antennas are also assigned V04-Q06.|Printed antenna
W02-B07A3C|Current|(2002-    )|Surface mount antenna||This code is intended for an antenna designed to be surface mounted on a PCB, and takes precedence over W02-B07A3A, the code for antennas actually fabricated using PCB techniques.|
W02-B07A5|Current|(1992-    )|Collapsible||From 199701 this code has been restricted to collapsible mountings for antennas only, and not antennas which are themselves collapsible (now covered by W02-B08K). Prior to 199701, W02-B07A5 was used for all aspects.|
W02-B07A7|Current|(1992-    )|Vibration damping, stabilising|||
W02-B07B|Current|(1992-    )|De-icing arrangement|||
W02-B07C|Current|(1992-    )|Radome; protective cover|||
W02-B07C1|Current|(1992-    )|Forming part of vehicle||Includes e.g. the radome cover as used on an aircraft nose or on a missile. See also the appropriate codes in W06 and W07.|
W02-B07D|Current|(1992-    )|Vehicle antenna mount||Note that this code and its subdivisions are used only for novel mounting aspects of the antenna, i.e. generally for mechanical details, and not simply to indicate that an antenna is used on a vehicle. Vehicle applications of antennas are indicated by W02-B08F codes which can be assigned for any antenna aspect and hence they can be used with W02-B07D codes as appropriate to indicate the type of vehicle on which the antenna mounting is employed. (Codes indicating electrical aspects of the vehicles concerned are also assigned, such as W06 or X22 codes for aircraft and ships, or land vehicles respectively). Details of the actual antenna will also be coded as usual in the appropriate W02-B section when useful information can be added.|
W02-B07D1|Current|(1992-    )|Whip|||
W02-B07D3|Current|(1992-    )|Waveguide|||
W02-B07D5|Current|(1992-    )|Slot|||
W02-B07D9|Current|(1992-    )|Microstrip|||
W02-B08|Current|(1992-    )|General details|||
W02-B08A|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring; testing; set-up||W02-B08A codes cover monitoring/testing of antenna performance in a general sense, measurement of specific antenna parameters, and antenna set-up and alignment. 'Electrical instrument' (S01) codes are also assigned as appropriate for testing and measuring aspects, especially S01-G08A5.|
W02-B08A1|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring of antenna parameters per se|W02-B09||
W02-B08A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Polar diagrams|||
W02-B08A1C|Current|(1997-    )|VSWR|||
W02-B08A1E|Current|(1997-    )|Gain|||
W02-B08A1X|Current|(1997-    )|Antenna parameter measurements - other|||
W02-B08A5|Current|(1997-    )|Antenna set-up and alignment||Covers arrangements for set-up and alignment of antennas and antenna systems. W03-A16A is also assigned for satellite TV receiving antenna set-up aspects. Adjustment of antenna parameters such as directional characteristics during normal operation is not included, and is covered by W02-B06 codes.|
W02-B08A5A|Current|(2005-    )|Antenna set-up based on optimum reception||Covers mechanical or electronic adjustment of antenna characteristics based on maximum signal strength or analogous indication during set-up.|Calibration
W02-B08A5C|Current|(2005-    )|Antenna set-up based on geographical position||This code covers arrangements for antenna set-up and alignment based on known position, e.g. using compasses or inclinometer (also assigned S02-B codes), or GPS information (W06-A03A5E is also assigned).|
W02-B08A9|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring; testing - other|W02-B09|Includes non-electrical tests.|
W02-B08B|Current|(1992-    )|Isolation, overvoltage protection arrangements|||
W02-B08B1|Current|(1992-    )|Lightning protection||See X13-C03 for lightning arrestors.|
W02-B08B3|Retired|(1992-2009)|Isolation between adjacent antennas or antenna systems*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2010 arrangements for improving isolation between adjacent antennas are covered by W02-B08P6.|Separation, shield, repeater, receiver, desensitising
W02-B08B5|Current|(1997-    )|Protection against radiation||Covers arrangements to reduce irradiation of personnel, and also measures to reduce amount of radiation penetrating head of user of portable telephone (search with W01-C01D codes and W01-C01A4 for telephone applications and with W02-G02A1 for general hand-held transceivers).|
W02-B08C|Current|(1992-    )|Active and structurally-associated aerials, mast-head and general RF preamplifiers||From 2006 the title of this code has been expanded to reflect the existing inclusion of amplifiers mounted in close proximity to e.g. a receiver, but external to it, covered by W02-B08C5C as a subdivision of the previously-existing code for mast-head amplifiers (W02-B08C5). Prior to 2006 search W02-B08C* with terms such as 'external amplifier' or 'antenna lead amplifier' for external amplifiers used at the receiver end of an antenna cable.|
W02-B08C1|Current|(1992-    )|Active aerials|||
W02-B08C3|Current|(1997-    )|Aerials structurally associated with active components||This code is intended for arrangements having part of e.g. a receiver structurally associated with the antenna, such as a low-noise block for satellite TV reception (also coded in W03-A16A).|
W02-B08C5|Old|(1992-2005)|Mast-head amplifiers||Until 2005 this code covered RF preamplifiers (and transmitter power amplifiers) used at the antenna end of an antenna cable. RF power amplifiers in transmitters are covered by W02-G01B and RF amplifiers within communications receivers are covered by W02-G03A3.|Booster, preamplifier, LNA, low-noise amplifier
W02-B08C5|Current|(2006-    )|Mast-head and general RF preamplifiers||From 2006 this code has been expanded in scope to include RF preamplifiers in general, e.g. connected into an antenna cable at the receiver end, as well as amplifiers used at the antenna. RF amplifiers within communications receivers are covered by W02-G03A3.|Booster, preamplifier, LNA, low-noise amplifier
W02-B08C5A|Current|(2006-    )|Mast-head amplifiers||Covers amplifiers mounted in close proximity to an antenna. Amplifiers used at the receiver end of an antenna cable are covered by W02-B08C5C.|
W02-B08C5C|Current|(2006-    )|General RF preamplifiers||Covers amplifiers mounted in close proximity to a receiver, but external to it. Amplifiers used at the antenna end of an antenna cable, i.e. mast-head amplifiers, are covered by W02-B08C5A.|
W02-B08D|Current|(1992-    )|Connections for antenna||From 199701, this code includes antenna switching, previously coded in W02-B08X. See also appropriate codes in U21 and V03 (electronic and electromechanical switches respectively) and in V04 for plugs and sockets, especially V04-M30G.|
W02-B08D1|Current|(1992-    )|Coaxial cable||See also V04-M03.|
W02-B08D3|Current|(1997-    )|Involving inductive, capacitive, or optical coupling|W02-B08D, W02-B08E|Prior to 199701 couplings of this type were coded under W02-B08D or W02-B08E. This code includes the use of optical fiber feed arrangements for antennas equipped with the necessary devices and circuitry to convert between optical and electric signals or vice-versa.|
W02-B08D5|Current|(1997-    )|Antenna switching arrangements|W02-B08X||
W02-B08E|Current|(1992-    )|Impedance matching and tuning||See also the appropriate codes for tuning and impedance matching in U25. From 199701 inductive and capacitive couplings are covered by W02-B08D3.|
W02-B08E1|Current|(1997-    )|Impedance matching||See U25-D05 for lumped constant networks, and W02-A02C for distributed component aspects.|
W02-B08E5|Current|(1997-    )|Antenna tuning|||
W02-B08F|Current|(1992-    )|Antenna applications||Previously coded as W02-B07, under supports and housings. From 199201 the novel mounting aspects of the antenna will be assigned the appropriate W02-B07D code for antenna type, and W02-B08F for the specific application. For antenna application only, use the appropriate W02-B08F code. From 2002, the title of this code has been expanded to emphasise the fact that the applications covered here are to antennas intended to be used on vehicles.|
W02-B08F1|Current|(1992-    )|Land vehicles; automobiles|||
W02-B08F1A|Current|(1992-    )|Glass-mounted antenna||See X22-X02A3 also and X22-J02A, X25-B01C1C for claimed demister.|
W02-B08F1B|Current|(1992-    )|Roof/body mounted||See X22-X02A1 also.|
W02-B08F2|Current|(1992-    )|Marine vehicles e.g. ship||See W06-C01B7 also.|
W02-B08F5|Current|(1992-    )|Aeroplane||See W06-B01B7 also.|
W02-B08F6|Current|(2006-    )|Missile or other projectile||Includes antennas on missiles, rockets, shells and the like, e.g. for guidance, target-seeking, or proximity fuzes. W06 and W07 codes are also assigned as appropriate.|
W02-B08F7|Current|(1992-    )|Space vehicle||See W06-B03C also.|
W02-B08K|Current|(1997-    )|Collapsible antenna|W02-B07A5|Collapsible antenna supports are covered by W02-B07A5, which was assigned for all categories prior to 199701.|
W02-B08K1|Current|(1997-    )|Motor driven|||
W02-B08L|Current|(1997-    )|Antenna manufacture|W02-B08X, W02-B09||
W02-B08L1|Current|(2014-    )|Antenna design and modeling||Where testing is involved W02-B08A codes are also assigned. Computer-aided design (CAD) aspects are also assigned T01-J15A codes. |Simulation
W02-B08M|Current|(2002-    )|Antenna materials||This code is intended for novel materials with applications to antennas. It is assigned with other W02-B codes as appropriate. Antennas using materials with special properties, such as metamaterials, are covered by W02-B08Q codes, with W02-B08M codes also assigned if the materials are novel.|
W02-B08P|Current|(2002-    )|Antenna improvements||These codes are used to highlight some specific stated improvement in an antenna design. They are assigned in conjunction with other W02-B codes as appropriate.|
W02-B08P1|Current|(2002-    )|Increased gain|||
W02-B08P3|Current|(2002-    )|Increased bandwidth||Antenna or antenna systems with multi-band characteristics are covered by W02-B08R1 codes.|
W02-B08P5|Current|(2002-    )|Improved directivity, scattering reduction, and cross-polarisation immunity||Antenna systems specifically designed for multi-directional or multiple polarisation radiation are covered by W02-B08R codes. Prior to 2002, W02-B04A was assigned for these topics when antennas using reflectors or refractors were concerned. From 2002, this topic is indicated by assignment of a relevant W02-B04 code with a W02-B08P5 code for those antenna types.|
W02-B08P5A|Current|(2002-    )|Improved directivity|||
W02-B08P5C|Current|(2002-    )|Improved cross-polarisation immunity|||
W02-B08P5E|Current|(2002-    )|Reduced scattering and edge effects|||
W02-B08P6|Current|(2010-    )|Improved isolation between adjacent antennas|W02-B08B3|This code covers arrangements for reducing unwanted interaction between antennas and improving isolation between them. Arrays of antennas designed to operate together are covered by W02-B05 codes.|Blocking, cancellation, desensitizing, phase, screen, separation, shield, receiver, repeater
W02-B08P7|Current|(2002-    )|Improved VSWR or impedance matching||See W02-B08E1 for impedance matching arrangements for antennas.|
W02-B08P8|Current|(2002-    )|Improved mechanical strength, durability, weather resistance, or appearance and reduced dimensions||These codes are used to highlight some specific stated improvement in an antenna which is not directly linked to its RF performance.|
W02-B08P8A|Current|(2002-    )|Improved mechanical strength|||
W02-B08P8C|Current|(2002-    )|Improved durability|||
W02-B08P8E|Current|(2002-    )|Improved weather resistance|||
W02-B08P8G|Current|(2002-    )|Improved appearance||This codes is used to highlight aesthetic aspects of antenna design, including concealment or blending in with surroundings.|
W02-B08P8J|Current|(2005-    )|Reduced-size antennas|||
W02-B08P8L|Current|(2005-    )|Reduced-weight antennas||Includes use of lighter materials, novel aspects of which are covered in W02-B08M also.|
W02-B08P9|Current|(2002-    )|Other improvements to antenna performance|||
W02-B08Q|Current|(2012-    )|Antennas using materials with special-properties||This code covers the use of materials with special-properties, such as those not relying on normal ohmic conductivity or those exhibiting a negative refractive index in terms of EM wave propagation. Where materials themselves are novel W02-B08M (general code for antenna materials) is also assigned.|
W02-B08Q1|Current|(2012-    )|Antennas using metamaterials||Includes use of composite RH and LH materials.|
W02-B08Q5|Current|(2012-    )|Antennas using superconductors||Waveguide devices using superconductive materials are assigned W02-A08J. Novel superconductors in general are covered by U14-F codes and X12-D06 codes.|
W02-B08Q9|Current|(2012-    )|Antennas using other materials with special-properties|||
W02-B08R|Current|(2002-    )|Antenna (systems) with multi-band, multi-directional, or multiple polarisation characteristics||Individual antennas for which these characteristics are inherent, e.g. wide bandwidth in the case of discone antennas (W02-B01C5), are not routinely assigned W02-B08R codes.|
W02-B08R1|Current|(2002-    )|Antenna or antenna systems with multi-band characteristics||From 2005 the title of this code is expanded to better reflect previous inclusion of wideband antennas, and is subdivided to differentiate between continuous wideband coverage and multi-band operation, e.g. in harmonic modes, in several possibly narrow, frequency bands.|
W02-B08R1A|Current|(2005-    )|Antenna or antenna systems with multi-band characteristics||This code is intended to cover antennas operating in several frequency bands, harmonically-related or otherwise, the width of the bands not being the distinguishing aspect. Antennas operating over a continuous wide frequency range are covered by W02-B08R1C.|
W02-B08R1C|Current|(2005-    )|Antenna or antenna systems with wideband characteristics||This code is intended to cover wideband antennas providing continuous coverage over a relatively wide frequency range. Antennas operating in several discrete frequency segments are covered by W02-B08R1A.|
W02-B08R3|Current|(2002-    )|Antenna or antenna systems with multi-directional characteristics|||
W02-B08R5|Current|(2002-    )|Antenna or antenna systems with multiple polarisation characteristics||Antenna arrays with multiple polarisation radiating characteristics were coded in W02-B05B8 prior to 2002.|
W02-B08X|Current|(1992-    )|General antenna details - other|||
W02-B09|Current|(1980-    )|Other antenna types|||Bird repellant, plasma antenna, submerged antenna, subterranean antenna, underground antenna, underwater antenna, warning light
W02-B10|Current|(2002-    )|Antenna for non-communications application|W02-B09|This code is intended to be used with any other W02-B code to indicate that an antenna is being used to launch or intercept RF energy for a purpose other than communications. For example, it will be assigned for an antenna coupling RF energy into a discharge space in plasma processing apparatus (also assigned V05-F04L, V05-F05C1 codes, and other V05-F codes as appropriate). In general, codes relating to the specific application should also be included in a search, such as S05-B codes for surgery or X25-B02B codes for microwave heating. Note that any transmission and reception of radio signals is regarded as communication, so that applications such as radar, transponder systems, telemetry and remote control are not assigned W02-B10.|
W02-B12|Current|(2005-    )|Antenna (systems) using existing structure or living body as radiator or radiation enhancer|||
W02-B12A|Current|(2005-    )|Using existing metallic structure or conductor system||This code covers the use of conductors whose primary function is not that of an aerial, e.g. use of power conductors, or a resonant slot antenna formed in the roof of a vehicle (W02-B02C, W02-B08F1, W02-B12A and X22-X02A1).|
W02-B12C|Current|(2005-    )|Using living body, or part of body||This code includes arrangements for improving radiation in a hand-held transceiver such as a mobile phone (W01-C01D3C also assigned) by arranging for the user's body to serve as a ground plane, or similar, in conjunction with a monopole antenna.|
W02-C|Current||Transmission systems (general)|||
W02-C01|Current||Line systems||Note: telephone systems are covered by W01-C and are coded in W02-C01 also only for common features e.g. equalising, echo suppression, and 'classical' transmission line measurements.|
W02-C01A|Current||Using power lines or wave guides|||
W02-C01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Using waveguides||Waveguides per se are in W02-A|
W02-C01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Using power line||See also under application e.g. W05-D06P for remote control aspects, X12-H03 for power line carrier systems and W01-A06C6 for data communication network aspects.|Intercom, local area network, remote measurement, PLCC
W02-C01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Using power lines or wave guides - other|||
W02-C01B|Current||Transmission control; equalising|||Transmit-receive switching, level control, amplitude-frequency compensation, phase frequency compensation, modem, passive network, transversal filter, switched capacitor filter
W02-C01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission control||Includes setting of transmission level, i.e. power control, and control of transmission direction. Systems aspects of power control in radio communication are covered by W02-C03E3.|
W02-C01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Equalising|||
W02-C01B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Equalising system|||
W02-C01B2B|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus, i.e. equaliser per se||See U22-G03E3C for digital signal processing aspects of equalising.|
W02-C01B2C|Current|(1992-    )|Training|||Training signal transmission
W02-C01B9|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission control; equalising - other|||
W02-C01C|Current||Reducing echo, cross-talk or interference|||Double-talk detector, replica signal generator, decoupling
W02-C01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Echo, singing reduction|||
W02-C01C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Using filters|||
W02-C01C1B|Current|(1992-    )|Echo canceller||This code takes precedence over W02-C01C1A for arrangements using filters in an echo-canceller using a replica of the original signal.|
W02-C01C1X|Current|(1992-    )|Echo, singing reduction - other|||
W02-C01C2|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing cross-talk||See W02-C01C3B for correction of external interference.|
W02-C01C2A|Current|(1992-    )|Compensating|||
W02-C01C2X|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing cross-talk - other|||
W02-C01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing interference|||Shielding
W02-C01C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Caused by currents induced in cable sheath or armour|||
W02-C01C3B|Current|(1992-    )|Caused by unbalanced current in normally balanced line||Crosstalk compensation is in W02-C01C2A.|
W02-C01C3X|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing interference - other|||
W02-C01D|Current||Monitoring; testing||See S01 also for measurement of specific electrical parameters.|
W02-C01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Fault location|||
W02-C01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Standby systems and redundancy networks|||
W02-C01D3A|Current|(1992-    )|With automatic switching to powered-up backup equipment e.g. hot-standby system|||
W02-C01D5|Current|(1992-    )|Measurement of transmission line parameters||Used when emphasis is on actual line parameters. (For telephone subscriber loop testing see W01-C02A5). Includes RLGC values etc.|Attenuation, phase shift, characteristic impedance, return loss, noise/signal-to-noise ratio measurement, frequency response
W02-C01D9|Current|(1992-    )|Line measurement - other|||
W02-C01E|Current|(1992-    )|Repeater circuits|W02-C01X|Radio repeaters are coded in W02-G05C.|Regenerator
W02-C01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Power supply details|W02-C01X|Includes remote power feeding arrangements.|Remote power feed
W02-C01E5|Current|(1992-    )|Amplifier details|W02-C01X|See also U24-G codes.|Line amplifier
W02-C01E9|Current|(1992-    )|Repeater circuits - other|W02-C01X||
W02-C01F|Current|(2005-    )|Line hybrids, transformers and impedance matching||V02-F codes are also assigned for novel details of transformers and inductors for communications purposes.|
W02-C01F1|Current|(2005-    )|Line hybrids and transformers||Line hybrids specifically for telephone equipment are covered in W01-C08B, and are not assigned this code.|
W02-C01F5|Current|(2005-    )|Impedance matching||Impedance matching in general is covered by U25-D05 for lumped-constant circuits and by W02-A02C for distributed-constant circuits.|
W02-C01X|Current||Other line communication aspects|||
W02-C02|Current||Near-field systems||Includes transmission over deliberately restricted area using predominately magnetic or electric fields, but not conventional radio systems of very low power. W02-C02A or W02-C02B are assigned to indicate system type and W02-C02G codes are assigned to indicate application. Near-field data interfaces are covered from 2010 by W01-A07H2N with W02-C02 codes only assigned for novel near-field aspects.|NFC
W02-C02A|Current|(1992-    )|Radiating/leaky cable|||
W02-C02B|Current|(1992-    )|Inductive loop systems|||
W02-C02G|Current|(1992-    )|Application||Used in conjunction with W02-C02A or W02-C02B.|
W02-C02G1|Current|(1992-    )|In tunnel or mine|||
W02-C02G3|Current|(1992-    )|In entertainment or educational system||From 2002 the title of this code is expanded to recognise the use of W02-C02G3A for general applications of near-field systems to hearing aids.|Auditorium
W02-C02G3A|Current|(1992-    )|For operation with hearing aids||See also W04-Y, especially W04-Y03C5.|Across-counter communication aid, hearing-aid loop system
W02-C02G5|Current|(1992-    )|For (selective) calling system||Also assigned W05-A05C codes, but note that conventional radio-based paging is not included here (see W02-C03 codes with W05-A05C codes).|
W02-C02G7|Current|(1997-    )|For smart card data transfer|W02-C02G9|See T04-K02 also and T05-H02C5C (card-freed services) as appropriate.|
W02-C02G9|Current|(1992-    )|Application - other|||
W02-C02X|Current|(1992-    )|Near-field systems - other|||
W02-C03|Current||Radio systems||Prior to 199201 codes in this section were chiefly used to denote 'systems' aspects of radio communication. From 199201, all aspects of radio communications (within the scope of W02) have been coded here, including apparatus which is also assigned W02-G codes.|
W02-C03A|Current||Diversity systems||Diversity aspects of data transmission are covered by W01-A01A, and also assigned W02-C03A codes for significant radio aspects. Radio receiver circuits to counter multipath effects are coded in W02-G03B6 codes also, e.g. W02-G03B6A for rake receiver configurations (from 2002). From 2006 hybrid diversity schemes, (e.g. MIMO and the like), are covered by W02-C03A5.|Antenna combiner/switching circuit, phase shifter, phase stripping circuit, fading/noise/interference detector, linked AGC system, dual-antenna mobile installation
W02-C03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Space diversity|||
W02-C03A1A|Current|(1992-    )|System|||
W02-C03A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus|||
W02-C03A2|Current|(1992-    )|Time diversity|||
W02-C03A2A|Current|(1992-    )|System|||
W02-C03A2B|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus||Rake receivers are covered by W02-G03B6A, with codes assigned to highlight spread spectrum aspects as necessary, e.g. W02-K05A7 for CDMA.|
W02-C03A3|Current|(1992-    )|Frequency diversity|||
W02-C03A3A|Current|(1992-    )|System|||
W02-C03A3B|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus|||
W02-C03A4|Current|(1992-    )|Polarization, direction diversity||Includes directional diversity aspects of BDMA and SDMA, which are covered by W02-K10 (from 2017) with antenna control details assigned W02-B06C.|
W02-C03A4A|Current|(1992-    )|System|||
W02-C03A4B|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus|||
W02-C03A5|Current|(2006-    )|Hybrid diversity schemes|||V-Blast, Alamouti, MIMO, precoding, vector
W02-C03A5A|New|(2017-    )|Massive or large-scale MIMO systems||Covers use of a large number of antennas in a MIMO diversity scheme. For relevance to 5G cellular communications search with W02-C03C1L. Automatic antenna direction control is covered by W02-B06C and BDMA/SDMA systems (from 2017) by W02-K10.|Access point, AP, Argos, base station, beam forming, beam tracking, eNodeB, full-dimension MIMO, hyper MIMO, large-scale antenna systems, millimeter wave, mmWave, MU-MIMO, pilot, very large MIMO
W02-C03A5P|New|(2017-    )|Precoding aspects of hybrid diversity||This code covers precoding in the sense of equalization. (Equalization in general is covered by W02-C03E1 codes). Coding for error correction and detection is covered by W01-A01 codes.|Channel state information, codebook, CSI, linear, matrix, nonlinear, vector
W02-C03A5S|New|(2017-    )|Algorithms and software aspects of hybrid diversity||Covers algorithms and software aspects of hybrid diversity systems, especially of MIMO type. T01-S codes are also assigned as necessary.|
W02-C03A9|Current|(1992-    )|Other radio diversity schemes|||
W02-C03B|Current||Relay systems||Covers terrestrial and satellite systems. Satellite TV transmission is covered by W02-F06A, and not coded here except for novel 'radio relay' aspects. Repeaters per se are covered by W02-G05C.|Frequency translation, on-frequency system, passive reflector, TDMA satellite communication
W02-C03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite and airborne radio relay||Covers use of satellites and 'atmospheric' relay systems using aircraft, balloons and the like for which W02-C03B1F is assigned in conjunction with other codes as appropriate for system and apparatus details. Satellite and airborne relay telephone systems are regarded as cellular types and thus W02-C03C1 codes are assigned in addition to W02-C03B1 codes.|
W02-C03B1A|Current|(1992-    )|System/operating method|||
W02-C03B1B|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite and airborne radio relay station details||Covers novel details, including constructional details when linked to the radio function, of satellites and also aircraft, balloons etc., for which W02-C03B1F is also assigned. The following codes may also be required: W02-B codes (especially W02-B08F5 and W02-B08F7) for antenna system details; W02-G codes (especially W02-G05C) for radio equipment; W06-B codes for details of airborne or space vehicles.|
W02-C03B1C|Current|(1992-    )|Ground station||Search with W02-G02A codes for mobile or portable terminal aspects.|Earth station, very small aperture terminal, VSAT, SAT
W02-C03B1D|Current|(1992-    )|Multiple access||Search with W02-K codes to define access method. e.g. W02-K01A for FDMA, W02-K02D for TDMA, W02-K05 codes for spread-spectrum multiple access.|Time division, TDMA, frequency division
W02-C03B1F|Current|(2005-    )|Airborne relay||This code is used with other W02-C03B1 codes as appropriate to highlight the use of an atmospheric radio relay system, i.e. one using balloons, high-altitude aircraft, etc.|
W02-C03B2|Current|(1992-    )|Terrestrial relay system|||
W02-C03B2A|Current|(1992-    )|System/operating method|||
W02-C03B2B|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus||This code covers all radio-related aspects of repeaters used in terrestrial radio relay systems. Other codes are also assigned as appropriate, e.g. W02-B codes for repeater antennas, or W02-G05C plus other W02-G codes for actual novelty in radio circuitry. Equipment for extending the range or providing 'fill-in' coverage in a mobile phone system is also assigned W02-C03C1B (i.e. it is coded as a base station). Repeaters for extending coverage in a radio broadcast system are also assigned W02-D05 codes, e.g. W02-D05C1 for DAB and W02-F09 is also assigned for terrestrial TV relay stations.|Repeater
W02-C03C|Current|(1987-    )|Mobile radio, including cellular systems|W02-C03X|For mobile radio telephone system use with W01-B05A codes. For mobile telephones per se, (including 'non-RF' details not assigned W02-C03C codes), see W01-C01D codes. From 199701, all mobile telephone and system-related details have been regarded as cellular, unless specifically indicated as being otherwise, such as 'call-point' or other cordless types, which are covered by W02-C03C3 codes. Prior to 199701, W02-C03C3 codes were used as a 'general' or 'unspecified' area for mobile telephones not clearly of cellular type.|
W02-C03C1|Current|(1987-    )|Cellular|W02-C03X|Application to telephone systems is indicated by assignment of W01-B05A1A for systems (with W02-C03C1A) or base stations (with W02-C03C1B), and by W01-C01D3 codes for subscriber telephones themselves (with W02-C03C1C). Analogous cellular aspects for inventions with emphasis on wireless data networks are also assigned W02-C03C1 codes with W01-A06C4 codes and other W01-A06 codes as appropriate. From 2012 W01-E codes have been introduced to cover aspects of wireless systems, normally operating on a cellular model, that may be equally applicable to data networks and mobile phone networks. These codes cover topics such as roaming and registration, (previously indicated by assignment of W01-B05A1R and W01-B05A1N respectively in the case of mobile phone networks), and should be included in searches to provide more detail on specific cellular radio topics. Since 2002, non-TDMA access schemes, or systems not using that multiple access scheme alone, have been assigned W02-C03C1G, with other W02-C03C1 codes as appropriate. To discriminate these aspects, when the novelty lies in the multiple access technique used, W02-K codes are assigned as well. Thus for CDMA and W-CDMA W02-K05A7 is assigned (e.g. for UMTS), and for use of OFDM (e.g. as the proposed access scheme for '4G' telephones), W02-K07C will be used. Does not include 'call-point' cordless telephone systems, which are covered by W02-C03C3 codes. Satellite telephone systems are regarded as cellular types and thus W02-C03C1 codes are assigned in addition to W02-C03B1 codes.|Cell, zone, radiotelephone
W02-C03C1A|Current|(1992-    )|System||This code covers the configuration and operation of a cellular radio system as a whole and is not used for novel details of apparatus alone, for which base station or mobile codes are used as appropriate.|
W02-C03C1B|Current|(1992-    )|Base station apparatus|||
W02-C03C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Mobile apparatus||General and non-RF aspects of cellular telephones (which are not assigned W02-C03C1 codes) are covered by W01-C01 codes only, especially W01-C01D3 codes.|Mobile radiotelephone
W02-C03C1D|Current|(1992-    )|Cellular radio hand-off||Received signal strength indicators (RSSI) and signal quality measurements in radio receivers in general are covered by W02-G03J codes, which are also assigned for hand-off aspects as appropriate. Soft hand-off in CDMA systems is indicated by additional assignment of W02-K05A7, and since 2002, by W02-C03C1G. Hand-off for non-cellular mobile radio is covered by W02-C03C3D. From 2012 W01-E01 codes are also assigned for mobility-related aspects of wireless data networks and mobile phone networks such as roaming and registration, e.g. W01-E01C5 for transfer of registration information.|Transfer
W02-C03C1E|Current|(1992-    )|Mobile location determination by the network||This code is intended for the determination of location for the purpose of operating the mobile radio system, and does not cover the provision of position information by a navigation receiver built into a mobile station for the benefit of the user only. It does not cover the provision of position information as a 'subscriber service' (e.g. using an unrelated system such as GPS), except when cellular system location register information is employed, in which case W02-C03C1J ('Cellular radio applications') is also assigned. From 2012 W01-E01 codes are also assigned for mobility-related aspects of cellular wireless data networks and mobile phone networks, such as location register details in W01-E01C1 (see W01-B05A1Q prior to 2012). For mobile location determination in non-cellular systems see W02-C03C3F. |
W02-C03C1F|New|(2017-    )|Distributed antenna system||This code covers systems in which multiple remote units are used as access points or base stations in a cellular or similar system, usually to provide coverage in localized areas not well-served by normal wireless infrastructure, such as within buildings, tunnels, or other areas underground. Use of optical fiber links such as 'radio-over-fiber' between a hub and remote units is indicated by co-assignment of W02-C04B1R.|Active, BDA, bidirectional amplifier, DAS, head end, hub, hybrid, passive, radio access unit, RAU, radio interface unit, RIU, radio-over-fiber
W02-C03C1G|Old|(2002-2013)|System or apparatus details of third generation or analogous mobile phone system||From 2012 the title of this code has been changed to clarify the way it is used. W02-C03C1G is assigned with any other cellular (W02-C03C1) code as appropriate, for inventions involving the use of non-TDMA multi-access techniques, especially CDMA. For example, novel aspects of a 3G mobile phone system are represented by W02-C03C1A and W02-C03C1G, a novel 3G base station by W02-C03C1B and W02-C03C1G, and a novel 3G mobile station by W02-C03C1C and W02-C03C1G. Novel details of the spread spectrum aspect are also assigned W02-K05 codes, e.g. W02-K05A7, as appropriate. Systems based on other multi-access schemes, e.g. for 'Fourth generation' mobile phone systems, are also covered here with access codes assigned as appropriate, e.g. W02-K07C for OFDM.|3G, 3GPP, 4G, long term evolution, LTE
W02-C03C1G|Current|(2014-    )|Radio system or apparatus details of third generation or analogous mobile phone system||From 2012 the title of this code has been changed to clarify the way it is used. W02-C03C1G is assigned with any other cellular (W02-C03C1) code as appropriate, for inventions involving the use of non-TDMA multi-access techniques, especially CDMA. For example, novel aspects of a 3G mobile phone system are represented by W02-C03C1A and W02-C03C1G, a novel 3G base station by W02-C03C1B and W02-C03C1G, and a novel 3G mobile station by W02-C03C1C and W02-C03C1G. Novel details of the spread spectrum aspect are also assigned W02-K05 codes, e.g. W02-K05A7, as appropriate. Systems based on other multiple access schemes are also covered here with access codes assigned as appropriate, but please note that from 2014 'Fourth generation' mobile phone systems (i.e. '4G' systems) are covered by W02-C03C1H. |3G, 3GPP
W02-C03C1H|Current|(2014-    )|Radio system or apparatus details of fourth generation or analogous mobile phone system||This code is assigned with any other cellular (W02-C03C1) code as appropriate, for inventions concerned with 'Fourth generation' (i.e. '4G') mobile phone systems. For example, novel radio-based aspects of a 4G mobile phone system are represented by W02-C03C1A and W02-C03C1H, a novel 4G base station by W02-C03C1B and W02-C03C1H, and a novel 4G mobile station by W02-C03C1C and W02-C03C1H. Novel details of the multiple access aspect are also assigned W02-K codes as appropriate, e.g. W02-K07C for OFDM.|Long term evolution, LTE, WiMax
W02-C03C1J|Current|(2002-    )|Cellular radio applications||This code is generally used without other W02-C03C1 codes, and is intended for inventions making use of the cellular system, while not involving novel cellular aspects. It is used only when the particular application cannot be coded elsewhere, and for cases specific to e.g. alarms and remote monitoring, relevant W05-B or W05-D codes are used instead.|
W02-C03C1K|New|(2017-    )|Hierarchical cellular network aspects||Covers systems and details of cellular networks organized on a hierarchical basis, e.g. with conventional large cells and smaller cells. Includes the use of local millimeter wave access points to separately deliver high rate data streams, e.g. as proposed for 5G for which W02-C03C1L is also assigned. Distributed antenna systems are covered by W02-C03C1F and are not assigned W02-C03C1K unless specific relevance to hierarchical cellular systems is involved. Hand-off between cells operating at different levels is also assigned W02-C03C1D.|Femtocell, macrocell, microcell, millimeter wave cell, mmWave cell, picocell, small cell
W02-C03C1L|Current|(2016-    )|Radio system or apparatus details of fifth generation or analogous mobile phone system||This code is assigned with any other cellular (W02-C03C1) code as appropriate, for inventions concerned with 'Fifth generation' (i.e. '5G') mobile phone systems. For example, novel radio-based aspects of a 5G mobile phone system are represented by W02-C03C1A and W02-C03C1L, a novel 5G base station by W02-C03C1B and W02-C03C1L, and a novel 5G mobile station by W02-C03C1C and W02-C03C1L. Novel details of the multiple access aspect are also assigned W02-K codes as appropriate, e.g. W02-K10 (from 2017) for BDMA.|BDMA, beam-division multiple access, SDMA, space division multiple access, spatial-division
W02-C03C3|Current|(1992-    )|Private mobile radio, MCA||Prior to 199701, W02-C03C3 codes were used (with W01-B05A or W01-C01D codes as appropriate) to indicate radio telephone systems which were not clearly cellular in nature. From 199701, all radio telephones are regarded as cellular (and thus assigned W02-C03C1 codes for RF aspects) unless recognisable as non-cellular type, such as 'call-point', or other cordless telephone system.|Multi-channel access, push-to-talk (PTT) system, CT2, CT3, DECT, PHS
W02-C03C3A|Current|(1992-    )|System|||
W02-C03C3B|Current|(1992-    )|Base station details|||
W02-C03C3C|Current|(1992-    )|Mobile station details|||
W02-C03C3D|Current|(1997-    )|Hand-off||Covers arrangements to transfer communication with mobile unit to another base station. Such arrangements for cellular mobile radio are covered by W02-C03C1D. Allocation of channels in trunked radio communication is covered by W02-C03C3G, and only coded in W02-C03C3D also if inter-base station transfer is involved.|
W02-C03C3E|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by access method||Search with W02-K codes to define access method, e.g. W02-K01 codes for FDMA, W02-K02 codes for TDMA, W02-K05 codes for spread spectrum multiple access. Prior to 199701, W02-C03C3E was used to represent general aspects of trunked radio systems (now covered by W02-C03C3G) but will now only be used as well for specific access-related inventions in this category.|
W02-C03C3F|Current|(1997-    )|Mobile location determination||Includes use of existing navigation systems, such as GPS, (for which W06-A03A5 codes are also assigned), in conjunction with the mobile radio system. For mobile location determination in cellular systems, see W02-C03C1E.|
W02-C03C3G|Current|(1997-    )|Trunked radio system||Prior to 199701, this aspect was chiefly indicated by W02-C03C3E. See W02-C03B2 codes also for land-based radio relay systems.|
W02-C03C3H|Current|(2002-    )|Direct mode||This code is intended for mobile radio communication conducted directly between mobile stations, rather than via a base station, although the base station may be involved in setting up the link. When applicable to trunked radio systems W02-C03C3G is also assigned.|
W02-C03D|Current|(1992-    )|Point-to-point radio link|W02-C03X||
W02-C03D1|Current|(1992-    )|System/operation method|W02-C03X||
W02-C03D2|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus|W02-C03X||
W02-C03D5|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by access method||Search with W02-K codes to define access method. e.g. W02-K01 codes for FDMA, W02-K02 codes for TDMA, W02-K05 codes for spread-spectrum multiple access.|
W02-C03E|Current|(1992-    )|General circuit details|W02-C03X||
W02-C03E1|Current|(1992-    )|Equalising|W02-C03X||
W02-C03E1A|Current|(1992-    )|Method|W02-C03X||
W02-C03E1B|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus||See U22-G03E3C for digital signal processing aspects of equalising.|
W02-C03E2|Current|(1992-    )|Echo cancelling|W02-C03X||
W02-C03E2A|Current|(1992-    )|Method|W02-C03X||
W02-C03E2B|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus|W02-C03X||
W02-C03E3|Current|(1992-    )|Power control|W02-C03X|Includes 'systems' aspects of power control e.g. based on signal transmitted from base station to mobile unit. Transmitter power control circuits per se are covered by W02-G01C codes.|
W02-C03E3A|Current|(2002-    )|Novel algorithms for power control||Includes software aspects of power control for which T01-S codes should also be searched.|
W02-C03E4|Current|(1997-    )|Doppler shift compensation|W02-C03X|Covers methods and equipment, such as receiver circuitry, for compensation of Doppler effects in e.g. mobile radio, communication with space vehicle, etc.|
W02-C03E5|Current|(1997-    )|Simulation systems for radio communication|W02-C03E9, W02-C05A|Includes modelling and planning of radio links. See also T01-J15A codes for CAD aspects, e.g. T01-J15A4, and W02-C05A for system testing aspects.|Path loss, attenuation, rain, fade, margin, signal-to-noise ratio, target
W02-C03E7|Retired|(2006-2009)|Resource allocation*||*This code Is discontinued from 2010 and the subject matter transferred to W02-C03G1. It included channel allocation and similar aspects of radio communication management. When interference avoidance is the aim W02-H01J5 is also assigned.|
W02-C03E9|Current|(1992-    )|General radio circuit details - other|W02-C03X||
W02-C03G|Current|(2010-    )|Resource allocation and cognitive radio systems||This code is intended to bring together the ideas of resource allocation in radio (wireless) networks and cognitive radio. When interference avoidance is the aim W02-H01J5 is also assigned with this code or its subdivisions.|
W02-C03G1|Current|(2010-    )|Resource allocation|W02-C03E7|This code covers channel allocation and similar aspects of radio communication management. Allocation or use of channels in cognitive radio systems is covered by W02-C03G5 which takes precedence over this code.|
W02-C03G5|Current|(2010-    )|Cognitive radio systems||This code covers cognitive radio systems, i.e. those making use of locally-unoccupied frequency allocations. Prior to 2010 this topic was chiefly covered by W01-A06F1A when wireless data networks were involved, which will continue to be assigned for channel occupancy sensing aspects.|Channel occupancy, Mitola radio, opportunistic network, primary user, white space
W02-C03X|Current||Radio systems - other|||Ionospheric/tropospheric scatter communication
W02-C04|Current||Light and infra-red systems||Covers free-space and optical fiber communication systems, but note that optical fibers and purely optical components per se are in V07. Electro-optical sources and detectors, and circuitry directly connected to them, are assigned codes in U12 also.|
W02-C04A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by apparatus|||
W02-C04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Transmitter circuits and apparatus|||
W02-C04A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Modulator||See also V07-K codes for optical modulators in general and V08 codes for laser source modulators.|
W02-C04A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Amplifier, output stage||Includes source driving circuits.|
W02-C04A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Power control|||
W02-C04A1D|Current|(1992-    )|Source||Semiconductor lasers are also assigned U12-A01B codes and V08-A04A codes.|
W02-C04A1X|Current|(1992-    )|Optical transmitter details - other|||
W02-C04A3|Current|(1992-    )|Receiver circuits and apparatus|||
W02-C04A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Demodulator|||
W02-C04A3B|Current|(1992-    )|Amplifier, input stage||Includes circuit for photodiode and the like, also assigned U12-A02B4.|
W02-C04A3C|Current|(1992-    )|AGC||See U24-C01 codes also.|
W02-C04A3D|Current|(1992-    )|Optical detector||See U12 for photodiode details.|
W02-C04A3X|Current|(1992-    )|Optical receiver details - other|||
W02-C04A4|Current|(1997-    )|Transceiver||Systems and circuitry specific to transmitters or receivers only are covered by W02-C04A1 or W02-C04A3 codes.|
W02-C04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Repeater circuits|||
W02-C04A5A|Current|(1997-    )|Optical amplifier arrangements||Prior to 199701, see W02-C04A1B, W02-C04A5, and W02-C04B1A. Optical amplifiers per se are covered by V07-K01C codes.|
W02-C04A6|Current|(2006-    )|Optical multiplexing and switching devices||This code covers novel aspects of optical switches and multiplexers for communications purposes, the core technology area for these topics being covered by V07 codes. Novel switching devices and systems for communications purposes are also assigned W01-B02 or W01-A06G5 codes, and novel multiplexers are covered by W02-C04B4B and W02-K04.|
W02-C04A7|Current|(1992-    )|Equalising, noise and distortion eliminating, diversity||From 199701, this code is subdivided to include noise reduction circuits, previously covered by W02-C04C7. See W02-C04B7 for inherently non-dispersive systems, such as transmission using solitons.|
W02-C04A7A|Current|(1997-    )|Equaliser||Prior to 2002, this code was used with W02-C04A7 for dispersion compensation, which is now covered by W02-C04A7J.|
W02-C04A7C|Current|(1997-    )|Noise reduction circuits|W02-C04C7||
W02-C04A7E|Current|(1997-    )|Distortion reduction arrangement||Includes arrangements to reduce effects due to nonlinearities, such as four-wave mixing.|
W02-C04A7G|Current|(1997-    )|Diversity and polarisation control arrangements||Includes polarisation diversity aspects. Control of polarisation in general (for communications and analogous purposes) is covered by V07-K03 and V07-F02B for gratings, filters and polarisers.|
W02-C04A7J|Current|(2002-    )|Dispersion compensation||This code is intended to cover apparatus or methods for the compensation of dispersion arising from e.g. optical fiber characteristics. (Previously covered in W02-C04A7 and W02-C04A7A). V07-K codes are also assigned as appropriate. Optical transmission systems using signals with an inherent resistance to dispersion, e.g. solitons, are covered by W02-C04B7.|
W02-C04A8|Current|(1997-    )|Optical alignment system||This code mainly relates to free-space communication apparatus (W02-C02B2 codes also assigned) and covers arrangements to optimise alignment of optical systems at transmitting or receiving stations. W06-A02C codes are also assigned as appropriate for systems detecting angle of incidence of incoming light signals.|
W02-C04A8A|Current|(1997-    )|Tracking system||Covers dynamic arrangements for maintaining alignment. Analogous systems for radio antennas are covered by W02-B06C.|
W02-C04A9|Current|(1992-    )|Optical communication apparatus - other|||
W02-C04B|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by system type||W02-C04B codes are assigned to indicate system type, either alone or with W02-C04A codes.|
W02-C04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Fibre optic|||
W02-C04B1A|Current|(1992-    )|With coherent light i.e. laser source||Novel laser sources are assigned W02-C04A1D in conjunction with appropriate U12-A01B codes and V08-A codes.|
W02-C04B1R|New|(2017-    )|Radio-over-fiber||Covers systems in which radio frequency signals are directly modulated onto an optical carrier wave for transmission from a remote site over optical fibers. For use of this technology in distributed antenna systems for cellular communications search with W02-C03C1F.|DAS, distributed antenna system, remote unit
W02-C04B2|Current|(1992-    )|Free space|||
W02-C04B2A|Current|(1992-    )|With coherent light i.e. laser source|||
W02-C04B3|Current|(1992-    )|Mobile|||
W02-C04B4|Current|(1992-    )|Multiplex optical communication systems|||
W02-C04B4A|Current|(1992-    )|With multiplexed baseband||See W02-K codes also.|
W02-C04B4B|Current|(1992-    )|With optical multiplexing||Includes WDM, also coded in W01-A03E1 when data transmission aspects are significant. See W02-K04 and V07 codes, e.g. V07-K04, also for novel aspects of optical multiplexing.|
W02-C04B7|Current|(1992-    )|Anti-dispersive||Includes transmission using solitons.|
W02-C04B9|Current|(1992-    )|Other optical communication system|||
W02-C04C|Current|(1992-    )|General details|||
W02-C04C1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of optical communication apparatus/system||See also the appropriate codes in V07-J.|
W02-C04C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of apparatus|||
W02-C04C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of system|||
W02-C04C7|Retired|(1992-1996)|Noise reduction circuits*||*This code is now discontinued and the subject matter transferred to W02-C04A7C. W02-C04C7 remains valid and searchable for records prior to 1997.|
W02-C05|Current||Monitoring; testing||See S01 also for measurement of specific electrical parameters. Includes monitoring/testing in general, except for measurements specific to line communication (W02-C01D). Since 1992 testing of optical communications is not included in W02-C05, and has been covered by W02-C04C1 codes.|Test equipment, spectrum analyser, RF power, harmonic radiation, signal-to-noise ratio, noise figure, field strength, propagation loss
W02-C05A|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of transmission system|||
W02-C05B|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of apparatus||For equipment test, search together with appropriate code e.g. W02-C05B and W02-G01 codes, for transmitter testing.|
W02-C06|Current|(1987-    )|PCM transmission systems (general)|W02-C09|See W02-F07 codes for pulse code modulation TV systems, which are not included here.|Pulse code modulation, pulse amplitude modulation, voice coding, telephony
W02-C06A|Current|(1997-    )|Novel PCM communication systems||This code is intended for communication systems in general using PCM, for which there is not a more specific code elsewhere.|
W02-C06C|Current|(1997-    )|Novel coding scheme||For further details of coding systems, and for coder/decoders per se, see W04-V05G codes. Speech codecs and coding methods specifically for telephone communication are covered by W01-C01C7.|
W02-C07|Current|(1987-    )|Ultrasonic/sonic systems (including hydrophones)|W02-C09|Sonar systems are in W06-A05 as required. For transducers see also V06-B03 and other V06 codes as appropriate.|Underwater communication, diver communication system, passive sonar system, free space sonic/ultrasonic system
W02-C07A|Current|(1997-    )|Sonic or ultrasonic communication||This code is intended for actual communication systems, i.e. intentional transmission of information from one point to another. Passive arrangements such as hydrophones are covered by W02-C07C.|
W02-C07C|Current|(1997-    )|Hydrophones||See V06 codes for actual transducer details, e.g. V06-B03. Sonar transducers are covered in W06-A05C7.|
W02-C09|Current||Other transmission systems||Includes communication via other media, e.g. ground.|
W02-D|Current||Sound broadcast distribution systems||Codes in this group relate to the broadcast system as a whole and to studio / transmitter aspects, and are not assigned for receiver details. Broadcast radio receivers are covered by W03-B codes. For radio broadcast studio equipment see also W04-G08.|Broadcast sound studio, sound mixing, outside broadcast equipment
W02-D01|Current|(1992-    )|Wired broadcast system|||Line, wired system, line amplifier
W02-D02|Current|(2011-    )|Stereophonic and multiple audio channels sound broadcasting|||
W02-D04|Current|(2010-    )|Sound broadcast monitoring and testing|W02-C05, W02-D|Includes testing equipment and methods for complete sound broadcast systems (including those covered by W02-E codes) or broadcast systems in general. Monitoring of sound broadcast systems for audience research purposes is covered from 2010 by W02-D04B (formerly W02-D08). Note that testing and monitoring of audio recording equipment and (sound) broadcast radio receivers is not included and is covered by W04-J codes and W03-B10A codes respectively. Testing and monitoring of television systems for broadcasting and other purposes and of interactive broadcasting systems is covered by W02-F04 codes.|
W02-D04A|Current|(2010-    )|Testing|W02-C05, W02-D||
W02-D04A1|Current|(2010-    )|Signal testing|W02-C05, W02-D|Includes checking of signal quality.|Bandwidth, bit rate, coverage, distortion, error, harmonic content, modulation depth, service area, sidebands, spectral regrowth, spurious content, THD
W02-D04A5|Current|(2010-    )|Testing of apparatus|W02-C05B, W02-D|These codes cover the testing of equipment forming part of a sound broadcast system.|Switching centre
W02-D04A5A|Current|(2010-    )|Testing of apparatus in broadcast studio|W02-C05B, W02-D|Testing of audio processing related aspects such as sound mixing is also assigned W04-G codes.|Control desk, console, talkback
W02-D04A5B|Current|(2010-    )|Testing of apparatus at transmitter or repeater site|W02-C05B, W02-D, W02-G|W02-G01 or W02-G05 codes are also assigned when radio equipment is involved.|Antenna, cooling, enclosure, generator, power amplifier, power supply, tower
W02-D04A5X|Current|(2010-    )|Other sound broadcast apparatus testing|W02-C05B, W02-D||
W02-D04B|Current|(2010-    )|Audience research system|W02-D08|Includes use of additional subcarriers in a multiplexed analog stereophonic signal for providing subsidiary information channels. Transmission of additional information for digital or unspecified sound broadcasting is covered from 2011 by W02-D07 codes.|Tuned frequency, selected channel monitoring system, listener data acquisition
W02-D04C|Current|(2010-    )|Station output monitoring|W02-C05, W02-D|Covers arrangements to enable verification of scheduled transmission. Analogous systems for TV station output monitoring are covered by W02-F04C.|Airplay, FCC, log, monitor, record
W02-D04C1|Current|(2010-    )|Monitoring programme output|W02-C05, W02-D|Includes checking adherence to schedule, timing, etc., and monitoring of automatic recorded programme transmission.|
W02-D04C5|Current|(2010-    )|Checking transmission of commercial message|W02-C05, W02-D||Sponsor, advertisement, commercial break
W02-D04X|Current|(2010-    )|Other sound broadcast system monitoring|W02-C05, W02-D||
W02-D05|Current|(1992-    )|Radio broadcast system||W02-G codes are also assigned as appropriate for novel equipment, e.g. W02-G01 codes for transmitters and W02-G05 codes for repeaters. Novel antennas for radio broadcasting are also assigned W02-B codes. Broadcast radio receivers are not included and are covered by W03-B codes.|Radio network
W02-D05A|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite|||
W02-D05C|Current|(1997-    )|Digital broadcast system||For broadcasting (not necessarily for entertainment purposes) in cellular telephone or data networks see W01-B05A1M and W01-A06E1A respectively.|
W02-D05C1|Current|(1997-    )|Involving multiplex transmission||Includes OFDM systems.|DAB, packet
W02-D05C5|Current|(2002-    )|Internet broadcasting|T01-H07C5E, W01-A06B7, W02-D, W02-F10E|See T01-N01D1A also. Interactive broadcasting aspects are covered by W02-F10E codes.|
W02-D07|Current|(2011-    )|Additional information transmitted with broadcast signals||These codes are assigned to highlight the transmission of additional information with a sound (e.g. radio) broadcast signal. Other codes relating to the additional information itself are also assigned as necessary. The transmisision of additional information using analog FM or AM stereophonic broadcasting is covered by W02-E01 codes.|
W02-D07A|Current|(2011-    )|Emergency sound broadcasting||Codes indicating 'disaster-related' alarms in W05-B08 are also assigned as appropriate. Emergency television broadcasting is covered by W02-F05D. Reception of emergency broadcast messages in radio receivers is covered by W03-B08C7 and in TV receivers by W03-A18A5J.|
W02-D07C|Current|(2011-    )|Traffic and public transport information||T07-G01 is also assigned for systems providing information to drivers designed to warn of, or reduce, traffic congestion.|
W02-D07E|Current|(2011-    )|Electronic program guide (EPG) systems|| Includes details of programming and also 'now playing' information. Broadcast radio receiver aspects are covered by W03-B08C5. Analog broadcast systems providing additional information on program content are covered by W02-E01B1. EPG systems for TV broadcasting are covered by W02-F10E5 and TV set aspects by W03-A13J.|
W02-D07X|Current|(2011-    )|Other additional information in broadcast|||
W02-D08|Retired|(1997-2009)|Audience monitoring*||*This code Is discontinued from 2010 and the subject matter transferred to W02-D04B. W02-D08 was used with W02-D01 or W02-D05 codes as appropriate. (Prior to 1997, W02-C05 was used with the relevant W02-D code.) Analogous arrangements for TV audience research are covered by W02-F04B.|
W02-E|Old|(    -2010)|Stereophonic broadcast systems||TV stereophonic sound transmission is in W02-F06B only. See W03-A and W03-B codes for receiver aspects.|AM, FM multiplex systems, pilot tone, modulator, encoder
W02-E|Current|(2011-    )|Analog stereophonic broadcast systems||From 2011 codes in this group are only assigned for inventions specific to analog stereophonic sound broadcasting. Prior to 2011 W02-E codes were assigned for some inventions involving digital stereophonic broadcasting but from 2011 stereophonic broadcasting of digital or unspecified type is covered by W02-D02. TV stereophonic sound transmission is covered by W02-F06B only. See W03-A and W03-B codes for receiver aspects.|AM, FM multiplex systems, pilot tone, modulator, encoder
W02-E01|Current|(1992-    )|Transmitting additional information||Includes use of additional subcarriers in a multiplexed analog stereophonic signal for providing subsidiary information channels. Transmission of additional information for digital or unspecified sound broadcasting is covered from 2011 by W02-D07 codes.|Subcarrier authorisation, SCA
W02-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|Carrying separate programme||Includes 'storecast' background music.|
W02-E01B|Current|(1992-    )|Carrying separate information e.g. RDS||See W03-B codes for receiver details - W02-E01B codes are only used for novel aspects of the system as a whole, and the transmitting station per se (usually with W02-G01 codes).|CCIR 634
W02-E01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Relating to broadcast station||Includes station identification and radio broadcast program guides. Broadcast radio receiver aspects of program guides are covered by W03-B01C. EPG systems for TV broadcasting are covered by W02-F10E5 and TV set aspects by W03-A13J.|
W02-E01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Unrelated to broadcast station||Includes road traffic information (e.g. ARI), financial information, and paging signal transmission (with W05-A05C codes).|
W02-F|Current||Television systems||TV receivers are covered in W03, studio equipment, cameras etc. in W04.|
W02-F01|Current||Closed circuit||The definition of 'closed circuit' intended here is that images are transmitted, usually to a single location, for viewing by humans, i.e. camera systems providing a video signal for image analysis only are not included, being covered by e.g. T04-D07 codes. Novel aspects of video cameras are also assigned W04-M01 codes.|
W02-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Closed circuit television for surveillance and security||See also W05-B01C5 for automatically-actuated alarm systems.|
W02-F01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Entry-phone with CCTV||See also W01-C04A1 for entry-phone.|
W02-F01A5|Current|(1997-    )|Combined with alarm or surveillance system||See also T01 and T04 image analysis codes and W05-B codes, e.g. W05-B01C5 codes for intruder detection, W05-B02 codes for fire detection and monitoring aspects.|
W02-F01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Other security CCTV systems|||
W02-F01B|Current|(1992-    )|Process control|||
W02-F01C|Current|(1992-    )|Component inspection during manufacture||Systems involving pattern recognition only, without a monitor display for an operator, are assigned T04-D codes and not covered here.|
W02-F01D|Current|(1992-    )|Calibrated system for measuring dimensions||See also S02-A03B codes.|
W02-F01E|Current|(1997-    )|Vehicle external-view CCTV system|W02-F01X|See also under application, e.g. X22-E09 for land vehicle, W06-B01B1 for aircraft.|
W02-F01F|Current|(1992-    )|CCTV over non-wire (or fibre) link e.g. radio link||Includes near-field and low-power systems also.|
W02-F01M|Current|(2006-    )|Medical CCTV systems||This code covers the use of CCTV systems and equipment with medical apparatus, normally for diagnosis, for which S05 codes are also assigned such as S05-D04B for endoscopes.|
W02-F01X|Current|(1992-    )|Closed circuit - other|||
W02-F02|Current||Colour||This code is only used for novel systems, e.g. modified PAL, NTSC etc.|
W02-F03|Current||Cable and stereoscopic TV systems|||
W02-F03A|Current|(1987-    )|Cable||Used for the complete system, including cable hardware. See W03-A also for receiver details.|Community antenna TV (CATV), masthead amplifier TV
W02-F03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Coaxial cable network||See X12-D05 for coaxial cable per se.|Cable installation
W02-F03A3|Current|(1992-    )|Optical fibre network|||
W02-F03A5|Current|(1992-    )|Head-end details, control aspects|||
W02-F03A7|Current|(1997-    )|Microwave distribution system|W02-F03A9|Includes 'microwave cable' TV system providing local distribution of signals, usually in GHz frequency range.|Masthead
W02-F03A9|Current|(1992-    )|Other cable TV aspects||Includes hardware aspects such as connectors (see V04 codes also), cable installations and fittings (see W01-D codes also) and repeaters (also assigned W02-C01E and W02-C04A5 codes as appropriate)|
W02-F03B|Current|(1987-    )|Stereoscopic||Includes broadcast and industrial systems. Stereoscopic TV receivers are in W03-A12, signal generation is in W04-M09.|Three-dimensional TV
W02-F03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Broadcast|||
W02-F03B3|Current|(1992-    )|Industrial|||
W02-F03B9|Current|(1992-    )|Stereoscopic - other||Includes medical applications of stereoscopic TV - see S05 codes also.|
W02-F04|Current||Monitoring; testing||Includes testing equipment and methods for whole system, or any component part in conjunction with that code, and also audience research systems. Note that monitoring and testing of sound broadcast systems and equipment is covered from 2010 by W02-D04 codes, and that video recording equipment monitoring/testing is covered by W04-J codes only.|Switching centre
W02-F04A|Current|(1992-    )|Testing|||Production line test equipment, vectorscope, test pattern generator
W02-F04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Signal testing||Covers measurements on analog or digital video signals. Measurement and testing of equipment used in video systems is covered by W02-F04A5 codes.|Artifact, BER, bit error rate, black level, color saturation, DC offset, differential gain, differential phase, hue, IRE unit, link quality, link testing, perceptual evaluation of video quality, PEVQ, picture quality, PSNR, SNR, SSIM, structural similarity, video quality
W02-F04A5|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of apparatus|||
W02-F04A5A|Current|(1992-    )|In TV studio|||
W02-F04A5B|Current|(1992-    )|At transmitter or repeater||See also W02-G01 or W02-G05 codes.|
W02-F04A5C|Retired|(1992-2009)|In receiver*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2010 all aspects of TV receiver testing, including production line testing and internal self-monitoring are covered by W03-A18A codes. W02-F04A5C was assigned prior to 2010 for these aspects in addition to the W03 codes.|
W02-F04A5X|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of apparatus - other|||
W02-F04B|Current|(1992-    )|Audience research system||This code covers arrangements for analyzing user opinions and/or determining viewing figures for audience research purposes. When equipment installed at the viewer location is involved W03-A18R is also assigned. Systems analyzing viewing habits for the purpose of building a profile used to select or suggest content in interactive broadcasting are not included and are covered by W02-F10Q codes. Analogous systems for audience research in broadcasting other than TV are covered by W02-D04B.|Selected channel monitoring system, viewing figure data acquisition
W02-F04C|Current|(1997-    )|Station output monitoring|W02-F04X|Covers arrangements to enable verification of scheduled transmission. Includes analogous arrangements for cable TV and similar distribution systems.|FCC, monitor, log
W02-F04C1|Current|(1997-    )|Monitoring programme output|W02-F04X|Includes checking adherence to schedule, timing, etc., and monitoring of automatic recorded programme transmission.|
W02-F04C5|Current|(1997-    )|Checking transmission of commercial message|W02-F04X||Sponsor, advertisement, commercial break
W02-F04X|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring; testing - other|||
W02-F05|Current||Secrecy, subscription, teletext|||
W02-F05A|Current|(1987-    )|Secrecy (scrambling), subscription||From 1997, interactive broadcasting, formerly covered in W02-F05A3C, is transferred to W02-F10 codes.|
W02-F05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Secrecy|W02-F05A, W02-L|See W02-F10N1 codes for scrambling and coding aspects of interactive broadcasting, which take precedence over W02-F05A1 codes.|Synchronising signal suppression, black-white inversion
W02-F05A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Video/audio scrambling system, jamming signal insertion|||
W02-F05A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Video/audio descrambling system||TV receiver aspects of descrambling are not included, being covered by W03-A16C3A.|
W02-F05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Subscription||From 199701, two-way aspects of subscription TV are covered in W02-F10 codes, especially W02-F10A.|
W02-F05A3A|Retired|(1992-1996)|Billing system*||*This code is now discontinued and from 1997 billing aspects of subscription TV are covered by W02-F10A codes and W02-F10N5. (These codes are assigned even in cases of non-interactive systems). W02-F05A3A is no longer assigned but remains valid for records prior to 1997.|
W02-F05A3C|Retired|(1992-1996)|Two-way working*||*This code is now discontinued and from 1997 subject matter previously coded here is transferred to W02-F10 codes, under the general heading of interactive broadcasting. W02-F05A3C remains valid and searchable, for two-way subscription TV and analogous arrangements, for records prior to 1997.|
W02-F05A9|Current|(1992-    )|TV secrecy and subscription aspects - other|||
W02-F05B|Current|(1987-    )|Teletext, screen text systems||Teletext TV receiver decoder is in W03-A10 only.|Character multiplex, videotext, off-air system, data base access, horizontal/vertical blanking interval data insertion, framing code, multiplex
W02-F05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Telephone line-based system||(See also W01-C05B1) Includes e.g. CAPTAIN system.|
W02-F05B5|Current|(1992-    )|Transmitted as additional information with television signal||Includes teletext and analogous non-VBI systems as used in e.g. DVB, in which case W02-F07M1 is also assigned.|Burst-and-random error correction system for teletext (BEST)
W02-F05B9|Current|(1992-    )|Teletext, screen text systems - other|||
W02-F05C|Current|(1992-    )|Other additional (non-picture) information||Includes transmission of information for station ID or VPS, ghost control reference signals, URLs and the like. See W04-E04C5 codes for recording equipment aspects of off-air programming and W03-A04G for TV receiver ghost-cancelling circuitry. Teletext transmission systems for digital and analog TV broadcasting are covered in W02-F05B5.|Video programming system, GCR
W02-F05D|Current|(2011-    )|Transmission of emergency TV broadcast messages||Codes indicating 'disaster-related' alarms in W05-B08 are also assigned as appropriate. Emergency sound radio broadcasting is covered by W02-D07A. Reception of emergency broadcast messages in TV receivers is covered by W03-A18A5J.|
W02-F06|Current|(1987-    )|Satellite TV, MAC systems, 'high' definition TV, stereophonic/bilingual sound|W02-F09|Radio relay systems for communications purposes are assigned W02-C03B codes.|
W02-F06A|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite TV||Radio relay systems for communication purposes are coded in W02-C03B codes.|Direct broadcast by satellite (DBS)
W02-F06B|Current|(1992-    )|Stereophonic and multichannel sound TV|||
W02-F06B1|Current|(1992-    )|Involving companding||Includes NICAM system.|
W02-F06B3|Current|(2006-    )|Surround sound TV|||
W02-F06B5|Current|(1992-    )|For carrying separate sound channel||Includes e.g. bilingual broadcast.|Second audio programme, SAP
W02-F06C|Current|(1992-    )|High definition TV transmission systems||Covers non-compatible and compatible systems such as IDTV, EDTV, HDTV etc.|
W02-F06C1|Current|(1992-    )|Involving time-multiplexed transmission of TV signal components||Includes MAC system and variants.|
W02-F06C3|Current|(1992-    )|Involving distinct transmission of motion information|||
W02-F06C7|Current|(1992-    )|Involving sub-sampling|||
W02-F06C8|Current|(1992-    )|Increased definition||Includes compatible 'side panel' systems modifying e.g. NTSC or PAL (see W02-F02 also) including 'letterbox' format.|
W02-F07|Retired|(1987-2001)|Bandwidth/bit-rate reduction, PCM systems*|W02-F09|*This code is now discontinued from 2002, as are the W02-F07 subdivision codes up to W02-F07K. These discontinued codes are replaced by the single code W02-F07M - (Digital image transmission). W04-P01A codes are still assigned as before, and may be used to highlight the type of coding. (Prior to 2002, the W02-F07 codes were used for methods and complete systems for PCM TV). See T01-J10D for computer-based image coding and compression, and U21-A codes for coding in general. (Bandwidth reduction for facsimile and analogous systems is covered by S06-K07A4D).|Compression, encoding, narrow band TV, block coding, predictive coding, motion detection
W02-F07A|Retired|(1992-1996)|Movement detection system*||*This code is now discontinued and from 1997 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A1.|
W02-F07B|Retired|(1992-2001)|Transform coding*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A3 codes.|
W02-F07C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Predictive coding*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A5 codes.|
W02-F07C1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Motion detection and compensation*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A5 codes.|Interframe, difference, differential
W02-F07C1A|Retired|(1997-2001)|Motion detection*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A5A.|
W02-F07C1C|Retired|(1997-2001)|Motion compensation*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A5C.|
W02-F07D|Retired|(1992-2001)|Subsampling*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A7.|Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding, MUSE
W02-F07E|Retired|(1997-2001)|Hybrid coding*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A4 codes.|
W02-F07E1|Retired|(1997-2001)|Combined transform and predictive coding*|W02-F07B, W02-F07C|*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A4 codes, which include MPEG system coding and variants.|
W02-F07E5|Retired|(1997-2001)|Motion detection and compensation*|W02-F07B, W02-F07C1|*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A4 codes.|
W02-F07E5A|Retired|(1997-2001)|Motion detection system*|W02-F07B, W02-F07C1|*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A4A.|
W02-F07E5C|Retired|(1997-2001)|Motion compensation system*|W02-F07C|*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A4C.|
W02-F07K|Retired|(1997-2001)|Coding based on fractals*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 its subject matter is covered by W04-P01A8.|
W02-F07M|Current|(2002-    )|Digital image transmission||This code is intended to cover digital image transmission from a systems viewpoint, novel aspects of image coding are covered by W04-P01A codes.|
W02-F07M1|Current|(2005-    )|Digital video broadcasting||Includes DVB and similar systems. TV receivers for signals in this format are covered by W03-A11G. Includes non-interactive broadcasting of video via the internet, e.g. by streaming. Interactive broadcasting via the internet in general is covered by W02-F10E3.|
W02-F07M1A|Current|(2008-    )|Reduced data-rate digital video broadcasting||This code is intended for transmission of digital TV broadcasts at a deliberately-reduced data rate, e.g. for handheld receivers with reduced processing and display capabilities.|DVB-H
W02-F07M5|Current|(2005-    )|Digital video for non-broadcasting applications||Includes digital video transmission for conferencing, surveillance, equipment interconnection and the like.|
W02-F08|Current|(1992-    )|Two-way television systems|W02-F09||
W02-F08A|Current|(1992-    )|TV conference system|W02-F09|W01-C05B1 or other W01-C codes are also assigned if telephone communication is involved.|
W02-F08A1|Current|(1992-    )|System|W02-F09||
W02-F08A3|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus|W02-F09||
W02-F08B|Current|(1992-    )|Video telephone|W02-F09||
W02-F08B1|Current|(1992-    )|System|W02-F09|Also assigned W01-C05B1 codes.|
W02-F08B3|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus|W02-F09|Subscriber apparatus is also coded in W01-C01G4.|
W02-F08X|Current|(1992-    )|Two-way TV systems - other|W02-F09|Two-way TV systems.|
W02-F09|Current||Television systems - other||Includes TV transmitters and repeaters (i.e. radio equipment) for which W02-G01codes and W02-G05C are respectively assigned also.|
W02-F10|Current|(1997-    )|Interactive broadcast systems|W02-F05A3C|Codes in this section cover subject matter chiefly coded, prior to 199701, in W02-F05A3, and include video, audio/video, sound-only, and information systems provided for access by entertainment equipment, usually of 'subscription' type. W02-F10 codes are used to represent 'head-end' and overall systems aspects. See W03-A16C codes for equipment based at a subscriber location.|
W02-F10A|Current|(1997-    )|Video-on-demand, video-on-request and video-based systems|W02-F05A3C|Covers systems predominately of a video nature. Systems involving selection of predominately non-video programme material are covered by W02-F10C.|VOD, pay-per-view
W02-F10A1|Current|(2002-    )|Video-on-demand system|W02-F05A3C||
W02-F10A1A|Current|(2002-    )|Full video-on-demand system|W02-F05A3C||
W02-F10A1C|Current|(2002-    )|Near video-on-demand system|W02-F05A3C||NVOD
W02-F10A1E|Current|(2006-    )|Video-on-request system||Covers systems in which video programming is delivered for later viewing, e.g. taking advantage of unused network capacity overnight.|
W02-F10A1G|Current|(2007-    )|Video-based systems with different-view facility||Covers interactive video-based systems including the facility to select a different viewing angle. Multiple camera systems for generating different views of a scene are covered by W04-M01V.|
W02-F10A5|Current|(2002-    )|TV broadcasting with interactive aspects|W02-F05A3C|This code is intended for largely standard TV broadcasting or video distribution with limited interactivity, e.g. the facility to respond to questionnaires, cast votes, etc. Systems enabling fuller control over programme content are covered by W02-F10A1 codes.|
W02-F10C|Current|(1997-    )|Audio-on-demand system|W02-F05A3C|The title of this code was amended in 2005 to reflect its normal use for audio entertainment. Includes remote access of entertainment library system, e.g. of 'pay-per-play' type.|
W02-F10E|Current|(1997-    )|For access to information system||Database systems in general are covered by T01-J05B codes.|
W02-F10E1|Current|(2002-    )|For access to internet|T01-H07C5E, W01-A06B7, W02-F10E|This code is intended for internet access provided as a facility of interactive broadcasting.|
W02-F10E3|Current|(2002-    )|Interactive internet broadcasting||This code is intended for interactive broadcasting using the internet itself. Non-interactive internet radio is covered by W02-D05C5 and non-interactive transmission of video via the internet is included in W02-F07M1.|
W02-F10E5|Current|(2002-    )|Programme guide systems|T01-H07C5E, W01-A06B7, W02-F10E|TV receiver aspects of interactive programme guides are covered by W03-A16C5E and of programme guides in general by W03-A13J.|EPG
W02-F10F|Current|(2005-    )|Archival storage of content primarily submitted by user||Includes storage and retrieval of images accessed by digital camera via a communication link. (Digital camera details are covered by W04-M01B1 codes). Also covers storage of video footage and other information.|
W02-F10G|Current|(1997-    )|For game playing, virtual reality, or karaoke|W02-F05A3C, W04-X02C|Video games in general are covered by W04-X02C. For virtual reality aspects, see also W04-W07E codes. Karaoke systems are also coded in W04-X03A3.|
W02-F10H|Current|(2002-    )|For access to multimedia systems|W02-F10X, W04-K10|Audio/video aspects of multimedia systems in general are also assigned W04-K10.|
W02-F10J|Current|(1997-    )|For access to financial network||Includes monetary transaction and interactive shopping, also assigned T01-N01A1 or T01-N01A2 codes as appropriate for applications of computing.|
W02-F10K|Current|(1997-    )|Storage systems and servers|W02-F05A3C, W04-K05|This code covers file servers and similar arrangements for general storage of programme material, and to enable playback operation simulating e.g. VTR functions, such as rewind, fast-forward, etc. Multiple recording unit arrangements are also assigned W04-K05A codes.|
W02-F10N|Current|(1997-    )|Security aspects and access control|W02-F05A1, W02-F05A3C||
W02-F10N1|Current|(1997-    )|Scrambling, coding and copy marking aspects|W02-F05A1, W02-F05A3C|From 2009 the title of this code has been expanded to reflect previous inclusion of copy marking. W02-F10N1 codes take precedence over W02-F05A1 codes which cover secrecy and scrambling for non-interactive video systems. See W02-L05 for audio scrambling systems in general. Data encryption in general is covered by W01-A05A codes.|
W02-F10N1A|Current|(2009-    )|Broadcast signal scrambling and coding||Covers scrambling and coding (i.e. encryption, especially of video signals) to prevent unauthorised viewing. Arrangements to prevent or restrict the making of copies are covered by W02-F10N1C. Coding for compression is not included, being covered by W04-P01A codes.|
W02-F10N1C|Current|(2009-    )|Broadcast signal copy restriction and watermarking||Covers arrangements to prevent or restrict the making of copies. Signal processing involving scrambling and coding (especially of video signals) to prevent unauthorised viewing or listening is covered by W02-F10N1A. Signal processing aspects of copy restriction and watermarking within recording equipment are covered by W04-F01L codes or W04-G01L codes.|Digital rights management, DRM
W02-F10N3|Current|(1997-    )|Access control|W02-F05A1, W02-F05A3C|Includes use of smart cards to authorise decoding (see W03-A16C3C also for subscriber-end aspects), and control of access from server. See W02-F10N7 also for arrangements temporarily increasing access rights.|
W02-F10N5|Current|(1997-    )|Billing arrangements|W02-F05A3A|Aspects of financial transactions using an entertainment network, for purposes unrelated to billing for the service itself, are covered by W02-F10J.|
W02-F10N5A|Current|(2005-    )|According to user-determined level of commercial message provision||Overriding of systems which prevent the recording of commercial messages is covered in W04-E04C5E.|
W02-F10N7|Current|(1997-    )|Temporarily increasing access rights|W02-F05A1, W02-F05A3C|Covers systems enabling 'impulse' decision to e.g. view programme, and associated communications aspects. See W01-C05B5A also where telephone-based link is involved.|
W02-F10Q|Old|(2005-2010)|Selective insertion of commercial messages||Covers insertion of separate advertising content into programme breaks for different regions and/or different individual subscriber demographics.|
W02-F10Q|Current|(2011-    )|User profiling; content recommendation; selective insertion of commercial messages||From 2011 the title of this code has been expanded to allow inclusion of user profiling and 'recommendation' or 'suggester' systems which offer content based on a user's profile. W02-F10Q codes relate to systems and equipment at the 'content distribution end' of the broadcast system and do not cover self-contained analogous systems wholly based at the viewer or listener end which are part of e.g. a TV receiver and are not supplied by the content provider. Arrangements for analyzing user opinions and/or determining viewing figures for audience research purposes, rather than tailoring content, are covered by W02-F04B (TV broadcasting) and W02-D04B (sound broadcasting).|
W02-F10Q1|Current|(2011-    )|User profiling||This code covers the building of a user profile e.g. to be used to determine preferences in terms of content.|
W02-F10Q1A|Current|(2011-    )|Learning aspects||This code covers novel aspects of monitoring user behaviour in terms of content that has been selected and includes automatic detection of patterns in viewing or listening habits.|
W02-F10Q3|Current|(2011-    )|Content recommendation||Covers 'recommendation' or 'suggester' systems for offering content based on the determined profile. Selective insertion of commercial messages is not included and is covered by W02-F10Q5.|
W02-F10Q5|Current|(2011-    )|Selective insertion of commercial messages||Covers equipment, methods and systems for selective insertion of commercial messages (CMs) presumed to be of interest based on the user profile or geographical region. Offering of content other than CMs is not included and is covered by W02-F10Q3.|
W02-F10X|Current|(1997-    )|Interactive broadcasting aspects - other|W02-F05A3C||
W02-G|Current||Transmission system details||Broadcast radio and TV receivers are in W03, sound studio equipment is in W04 and W02-D/E. Codes from the radio systems section (W02-C03) which denote apparatus are also assigned as appropriate.|
W02-G01|Current||Transmitters||Includes transmitters (for radio and TV) per se and those forming part of e.g. transceiver, where this aspect is the significant part of the disclosure.|
W02-G01A|Current|(1992-    )|Oscillator and frequency conversion|||
W02-G01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Oscillator||Includes oscillator circuits per se (see U23-A codes also).|
W02-G01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Frequency control||Include frequency control aspects such as PLL synthesisers (also assigned U23-D01B codes).|
W02-G01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Frequency translation||Includes frequency mixing. See U23-J codes for frequency changing and U23-B codes for frequency multiplying.|
W02-G01B|Current|(1992-    )|Amplifier, output stage||Includes buffer amplifier; driver stage; output stage power amplifier.|
W02-G01C|Current|(1992-    )|Power control, protection|||
W02-G01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Power control||Overall systems aspects of power control are covered by W02-C03E3.|Output/level control
W02-G01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Power limiting, protection||See S01-D05B5 for systems involving reflected power measurement, and U24-G03C for amplifier protection in general.|VSWR power limiting, thermal
W02-G01D|Current|(1992-    )|Modulator||See U23 codes for modulator circuits in general.|AM, FM, SSB, DSB, balanced modulator
W02-G01E|Current|(1992-    )|Tuning, matching, impedance networks||From 2012 the title of this code has been expanded to reflect the existing coverage of any impedance network forming part of transmitter RF amplifier input or output circuitry, such as filters, directional couplers, splitters and combiners. For lumped constant impedance networks U25 codes are also assigned as appropriate and for distributed constant circuits W02-A codes. |
W02-G01H|Current|(1992-    )|Construction and cooling|||
W02-G01K|Current|(2002-    )|Transmitters with digital architecture||This code is intended for radio transmitters employing a digital architecture within the signal path, i.e. using DSP. See corresponding codes for transceivers and receivers also (W02-G02K and W02-G03K codes respectively).|
W02-G01X|Current|(1992-    )|Transmitters - other|||
W02-G02|Current|(1992-    )|Transceivers||Covers fixed and mobile radio transceivers and also relevant RF aspects of e.g. cordless and cellular telephones where appropriate. (Non-RF aspects of mobile phones are not assigned W02-G02 codes and are covered by W01-C01D codes and other W01-C01 codes as necessary). Details specific to radio transmitters are covered by W02-G01 codes and to radio receivers (of non-broadcast or unspecified type) by W02-G03 codes. For transceivers other than radio type codes relating to the communications medium should be considered, such as W02-C04A4 for optical transceivers.|Radiotelephone, transmitter-receiver, two-way radio
W02-G02A|Current|(1992-    )|Portable and mobile transceiver|||
W02-G02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Personal radio transceiver e.g. hand-held walkie-talkie|||
W02-G02A2|Current|(1992-    )|Mobile radio transceiver||Covers transceivers installed in vehicles and generally of a higher power than normal hand-held walkie-talkie units.|
W02-G02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Selective calling e.g. answer-back pager||See also W05-A05C codes for paging details.|
W02-G02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by operation||See W02-G02C3A for novel transmit-receive switching.|
W02-G02A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Push-to-talk|||PTT
W02-G02A5B|Current|(1992-    )|Duplex||Includes aspects such as duplexers, for which filter codes are also assigned as appropriate (e.g. W02-A05K7 in the case of distributed constant types).|
W02-G02A5C|Current|(1997-    )|Voice-operated switching|W02-G02C, W04-V04A1|Prior to 199701 see W02-G02C. See also W04-V04A1 which covers applications of speech recognition and speech/noise discrimination systems.|VOX
W02-G02A5X|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by operation - other|||
W02-G02A9|Current|(1992-    )|Portable and mobile transceiver - other|||
W02-G02B|Current|(1992-    )|Base station|||
W02-G02C|Current|(1992-    )|Control and interfacing||Includes general processor control, see appropriate T01 code also. From 199701 voice actuated control is coded under W02-G02A5C.|
W02-G02C1|Current|(1997-    )|Controls per se||See also V01-A03 codes for potentiometers, and U21 or V03 codes respectively for electronic and electromechanical switches.|
W02-G02C3|Current|(1997-    )|General control circuitry|||
W02-G02C3A|Current|(1997-    )|Transmit-receive switching||Portable and mobile transceiver operating modes are covered by W02-G02A5 codes.|
W02-G02C5|Current|(1997-    )|Testing, monitoring|||
W02-G02C7|Current|(1997-    )|Interfacing||Includes circuitry such as bus and network interface aspects, and connectors (also assigned V04 codes, especially V04-M30G).|
W02-G02C9|Current|(1997-    )|Radio transceiver control - other|||
W02-G02H|Current|(1992-    )|Construction|||
W02-G02K|Current|(2002-    )|Transmitters with digital architecture||This code is intended for radio transceivers employing a digital architecture within the signal path, i.e. using DSP. See corresponding codes for transmitters and receivers also (W02-G01K and W02-G03K codes respectively).|
W02-G03|Current||Receivers||Used for receivers of 'professional' i.e. communications type and for application to receivers in general, or where application not disclosed. Broadcast radios are covered by W03-B codes, and not coded here except when used in conjunction with W02-G03B codes for noise/interference suppression or (from 2005) with W02-G03J codes for RSSI aspects. Since 2002, W02-G03K codes have been assigned for receivers with digital architecture.|
W02-G03A|Current||Tuners||The W02-G03A codes chiefly cover superheterodyne receivers, TRF types being assigned W02-G03A9. Since 2002 W02-G03A8 codes have been assigned for direct conversion and low-IF receivers.|Preset, step, continuos, variable capacitor, varicap diode, variable inductor, permeability, ganged, tracking, peaking
W02-G03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Tuned circuits, input filters||Search with appropriate codes in U25 for lumped-constant tuned circuits and filters, and W02-A03 or W02-A05 for distributed-constant elements. The title of this code has been expanded from 2002 to allow the inclusion of attenuators, previously coded as W02-G03A9. See U25-D07 codes for lumped constant attenuators and W02-A04C codes for distributed constant types.|
W02-G03A3|Current|(1992-    )|RF amplifier||Novel RF amplifier details are also assigned U24-G01D and other relevant amplifier codes. From 2006, RF AGC is covered by W02-G03D3, previously coded as W02-G03A3 and W02-G03D.|
W02-G03A5|Current|(1992-    )|Mixer||Mixer circuits in general are covered by U23-J codes.|
W02-G03A5A|Current|(2006-    )|Image rejection mixer||For application to low-IF receivers search with W02-G03A8C. Prior to 2006 image rejection mixers were represented (in W02) by W02-G03A5 and W02-G03B4A (receiver image signal suppression in general). From 2006 W02-G03B4A will only be assigned for specific novelty in the image rejection aspect.|
W02-G03A7|Current|(1992-    )|Local oscillator||Includes frequency translation aspects e.g. multipliers, also assigned U23-B codes.|
W02-G03A7A|Current|(1992-    )|Frequency control||Includes frequency synthesisers of general application to radio equipment, if specific purpose not disclosed. See U23-D01B codes for details of PLL implementations, and U23-F01 codes for 'direct' synthesisers. For AFC circuits, search with U25-J05.|AFC
W02-G03A8|Current|(2002-    )|Direct conversion and low IF receivers||These codes are used, in conjunction with other W02-G03 codes as necessary, to represent receivers of homodyne, synchrodyne, 'zero-IF', or 'low-IF' type. Arrangements for suppression of offsets at the output of the mixer are also assigned W02-G03B4G. Direct digital conversion (DDC) in digital architecture communications receivers is not included here, being covered by W02-G03K5. Direct conversion TV receivers are covered by W03-A01B6 codes and direct conversion broadcast receivers by W03-B01A6 codes.|
W02-G03A8A|Current|(2002-    )|Zero-IF direct conversion receivers||This code is intended for direct conversion schemes in which the baseband information is centered on zero frequency.|
W02-G03A8C|Current|(2002-    )|Low IF receivers||This code is intended for direct conversion schemes in which the baseband information is centered on a low frequency, e.g. of the same order as the baseband bandwidth itself.|
W02-G03A9|Current|(1992-    )|Tuner circuitry, including non-superheterodyne tuners - other|||TRF, superregenerative receiver
W02-G03B|Current||Noise/interference suppression||Noise suppression at source is covered by W02-H codes.|
W02-G03B1|Current|(1987-    )|Squelch/muting arrangements||Search with W04-V04A1 for arrangements lifting squelch only on detection of valid speech signal. Muting of amplifiers in general is covered by U24-C05C.|Squelch, tone squelch, muting, inter-station, carrier-operated, noise-operated, noise filter, noise amplifier, comparator, squelch gate
W02-G03B2|Current|(1997-    )|Noise reduction by variation of RF/IF passband|W02-G03B9|Noise reduction by control of signal bandwidth at baseband is covered by W02-G03B8.|
W02-G03B2A|Current|(1997-    )|Based on bandwidth modification|W02-G03B9|Includes use of highpass, lowpass, or other input filter (coded in W02-G03A1 also) and also reduction of IF bandwidth (also coded in W02-G03C1). 'IF-shift' techniques are covered by W02-G03B2C. FM threshold extension is covered by W02-G03B7.|
W02-G03B2C|Current|(1997-    )|Based on change in centre-frequency|W02-G03B9|Covers arrangements with emphasis on changing centre frequency of passband, rather than changing its width, such as 'IF-shift' techniques (also assigned W02-G03C codes when appropriate).|
W02-G03B3|Current|(1992-    )|Thermal noise reduction||For RF amplifier noise reduction aspects search with W02-G03A3 also. Amplifier noise reduction in general is covered by U24-G03D1.|
W02-G03B3A|Current|(1997-    )|Based on circuit configuration|||
W02-G03B3C|Current|(1997-    )|Based on low-noise components||Covers choice of devices with low noise figure. Search with codes relating to semiconductor devices per se, e.g. U12-D codes for bipolar transistors and FETs, and U14-F02 codes for superconductive elements.|
W02-G03B4|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing internal unwanted signals|||
W02-G03B4A|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing image response|||
W02-G03B4C|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing spurious signals||Includes reduction in level of oscillator harmonics in dual-conversion receiver, and avoidance of instability (also assigned U24-G01D and U24-G03L when involving HF amplifiers). Also includes arrangements reducing noise due to e.g. CPU clock oscillator harmonics by spread-spectrum techniques, also assigned W02-H01 and W02-K05A1 codes.|
W02-G03B4E|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing effects due to device transfer characteristic||Includes effects due to non-linear or non-square law characteristic e.g. crossmodulation, intermodulation. For further details of amplifier or mixer circuit improvements to increase strong-signal handling, search with W02-G03A3 and W02-G03A5 respectively. Such arrangements for high frequency (small-signal) amplifiers in general are assigned U24-G01D and U24-G03D5 codes.|RF amplifier, mixer, overload, blocking, desensitising
W02-G03B4G|Current|(2002-    )|Reducing offset effects||This code relates to the reduction of offsets arising from limitations in receiver performance, especially DC offsets due to e.g. LO leakage in a direct conversion receiver, for which W02-G03A8A is also assigned. Correction of offsets, e.g. by AFC, arising from mistuning are not included, and are covered by W02-G03A7A and e.g. U25-J05.|
W02-G03B5|Current|(1987-    )|Impulse noise suppression, noise blanker|||Automatic noise limiter, peak limiter, noise silencer, blanking signal generator, wideband noise receiver, pulse stretching
W02-G03B6|Current|(1992-    )|Multipath reception compensation||Prior to 199701 this code included television receiver ghost signal canceller, also assigned W03-A04G. Since 199701 this topic is not included in W02-G03B6 unless wider applications are also stated.|
W02-G03B6A|Current|(2002-    )|Rake receiver||Search with W02-K05 codes for spread spectrum aspects, especially W02-K05A7 for CDMA. Time diversity radio reception equipment is covered by W02-C03A2B which from 2002 will not be routinely assigned for rake receiver configurations.|Delay, finger
W02-G03B7|Current|(1992-    )|Threshold extension, frequency compressive feedback||Frequency demodulators are coded in U23-L also. Noise reduction by baseband bandwidth reduction is covered by W02-G03B8, and RF/IF bandwidth reduction in W02-G03B2A.|
W02-G03B8|Current|(1992-    )|Noise reduction by demodulated baseband bandwidth control||See also U25-F05A codes. Includes dynamic variation of e.g. audio passband dependent on signal strength. Arrangements involving variation of RF or IF passband are covered by W02-G03B2 codes.|Variable de-emphasis
W02-G03B9|Current|(1987-    )|Other noise reduction and S/N ratio improving circuits||Includes use of non-linear element such as magnetostatic wave device to improve signal-to-noise ratio (also code in W02-A06E as a distributed constant element, and in V06-V).|
W02-G03C|Current|(1992-    )|IF system|W02-G03X|From 2006, W02-G03C5 is introduced to separately highlight IF amplifiers, and IF AGC is covered by W02-G03D5 (previously coded as W02-G03C and W02-G03D).|
W02-G03C1|Current|(1997-    )|IF filter||For specific analogue filter types search with codes in e.g. V06-V, U14-G, U25-B, U25-E, or W02-A05 codes. Digital filters are covered in U22-G01 codes. Includes 'IF-shift' techniques (also coded in general in W02-G03B2C).|
W02-G03C5|Current|(2006-    )|IF amplifier||Novel IF amplifier details are also assigned U24-G01D and other relevant amplifier codes. From 2006, IF AGC is covered by W02-G03D5, previously coded as W02-G03C and W02-G03D.|
W02-G03D|Current|(1992-    )|AGC|W02-G03X|Also assigned U24-C01 codes. Prior to 2006 this code was used with W02-G03A3 for RF AGC and W02-G03C for IF AGC. These topics are now covered solely by the subdivision codes below.|
W02-G03D1|Current|(2006-    )|Novel AGC characteristic||Covers delayed AGC, or other specific characteristic. See U24-C01C1 for signal processing aspects to obtain a particular AGC characteristic.|
W02-G03D3|Current|(2006-    )|RF AGC||Prior to 2006 this topic was covered by W02-G03A3 and W02-G03D.|
W02-G03D5|Current|(2006-    )|IF AGC||Prior to 2006 this topic was covered by W02-G03C and W02-G03D.|
W02-G03D9|Current|(2006-    )|Other communications receiver AGC aspects|||
W02-G03E|Current|(1992-    )|Demodulator|W02-G03X|See U23 codes for demodulators also.|
W02-G03F|Current|(1992-    )|Audio amplifier|W02-G03X|See U24-G and W03-C codes for audio amplifiers in general.|
W02-G03H|Current|(1992-    )|Construction|W02-G03X||
W02-G03J|Current|(1997-    )|Received signal strength indicator|W02-G03E, W02-G03X|Includes arrangements to display signal strength (e.g. 'S-meter') and also to provide a signal for control of an associated transmitter (see W02-G01C1 also).|RSSI
W02-G03J1|Current|(1997-    )|Based on signal level per se|W02-G03E, W02-G03X|Implies use of signal rectifier to generate level-responsive output. Signal level detection purely as part of a receiver AGC system is covered in W02-G03D, but use of existing AGC voltage or current to provide level indication is included. Signal rectifiers in general are covered by U24-C03 codes.|
W02-G03J1A|Current|(2002-    )|Application of signal strength measurement|W02-G03E, W02-G03X|This code is intended for applications of RSSI measurements which are already available. From 2002 novel RSSI measurement circuits are covered by W02-G03J1C.|
W02-G03J1C|Current|(2002-    )|Novel signal strength measurement arrangements|W02-G03E, W02-G03X|This code is intended for novel arrangements or circuits for RSSI measurement. From 2002 applications of RSSI measurement are covered by W02-G03J1A.|
W02-G03J3|Current|(2002-    )|Compensation arrangements for RSSI and BER measurements|W02-G03E, W02-G03X|This codes is intended for arrangements to compensate for the effects of external factors, such as temperature, on signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio measurements in radio receivers.|
W02-G03J5|Current|(1997-    )|Based on signal-to-noise ratio or BER|W02-G03E, W02-G03X|Includes arrangements to measure S/N ratio by detection of noise accompanying signal, and measurement of bit error rate, or similar, which is also coded in W01-A01C.|
W02-G03J5A|Current|(2002-    )|Application of signal-to-noise ratio or BER measurement|W02-G03E, W02-G03X|This code is intended for applications of measurements which are already available. From 2002 novel BER measurement arrangements are covered by W02-G03J1C.|
W02-G03J5C|Current|(2002-    )|Novel signal-to-noise ratio or BER measurement|W02-G03E, W02-G03X|This code is intended for novel arrangements or circuits for BER or signal-to-noise ratio measurement. From 2002 applications of these measurements are covered by W02-G03J5A.|
W02-G03K|Current|(2002-    )|Digital and hybrid receiver architecture||This code is assigned for receivers - of signals with analogue or digital modulation - which are implemented using DSP techniques in whole or in part. The codes are used in conjunction with other W02-G03 codes as necessary where there are direct equivalents in analogue receivers, in particular for RF amplifiers, oscillators, IF stages and demodulators. Corresponding digital techniques for broadcast radio receivers are covered by W03-B07 codes and for TV receivers by W03-A11K codes.|
W02-G03K1|Current|(2002-    )|Characterised by usage of DSP||These codes are used to distinguish between different levels of DSP being applied to the signal path in the receiver. As such, they do not normally represent novel digital processing aspects, which are conveyed by use of other W02-G03K codes. DSP in general is covered by T01-J08A2, T01-J08B and U22-G codes depending on specific aspects.|
W02-G03K1A|Current|(2002-    )|With baseband digital signal processing only||This code covers receivers with a digital signal processing path after the conversion to baseband.|
W02-G03K1C|Current|(2002-    )|With baseband and IF digital signal processing only||This code covers receivers with DSP in IF, demodulator, and baseband stages.|
W02-G03K1E|Current|(2002-    )|With digitising of RF spectrum||This code covers receivers with digitising of the whole signal processing path, except for the possible use of analog RF amplifiers.|
W02-G03K1X|Current|(2002-    )|Other use of DSP|||
W02-G03K3|Current|(2002-    )|AD conversion||Novel aspects of AD converters and AD conversion are covered by U21-A03 codes.|
W02-G03K5|Current|(2002-    )|Digital mixing and direct digital conversion|||
W02-G03K6|Current|(2002-    )|Filtering||Novel digital filters are also assigned U22-G01 codes and T01-J08B when the emphasis is on computing aspects.|
W02-G03K7|Current|(2006-    )|Transform implementation||DSP-based transform implementation is covered by U22-G03E1A and computer data processing aspects in general by T01-J04B1.|Fourier, Hilbert, Walsh
W02-G03K8|Current|(2006-    )|DA conversion||Novel aspects of DA converters and DA conversion are covered by U21-A02 codes.|
W02-G03K9|Current|(2002-    )|Other digital receiver aspects|||
W02-G03P|New|(2017-    )|Radio receiver power supply and power management||Covers novel details of power supplies and also power management for battery saving and the like in portable equipment.|
W02-G03P1|New|(2017-    )|Radio receiver power supply||Covers novel aspects of power supplies for communications-type radio receivers. Novel details of power supplies are covered in U24, such as U24-D codes for power converters and U24-E codes for voltage regulation.|
W02-G03P5|New|(2017-    )|Radio receiver power management||Covers power management to reduce drain on the supply, e.g. for battery saving and the like in portable equipment by modifying circuit operation or disabling circuitry when idle. U24-H04 and U24-K are also assigned as necessary for power management techniques and modifying PSU operation.|
W02-G03X|Current||Receivers - other|||
W02-G04|Current||Bandwidth reduction; signal predistortion||Used for RF and other systems, including e.g. audio compander arrangements for recording and communications. (See U24-C02 codes for companders/amplitude limiters in general).|Speech processing, dynamic range limiter, automatic level control, non-linearity correction, feed-forward
W02-G04A|Current|(1992-    )|Bandwidth reduction|||
W02-G04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Time compression or expansion|||
W02-G04A9|Current|(1992-    )|Bandwidth reduction - other|||
W02-G04B|Current|(1992-    )|Signal predistortion||See U24-G03B1 also for feedforward amplifier circuits.|
W02-G04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Volume compression or expansion|||PAPR, peak-to-average power ratio
W02-G04B9|Current|(1992-    )|Signal predistortion - other|||
W02-G04C|Current|(1992-    )|Single-side band||Includes vestigial sideband transmission.|SSB, DSB, VSB
W02-G05|Current|(1992-    )|Transponder, responder, repeater||From 2008 transponders and interrogation systems for RFID application are respectively covered by W02-G05A and W02-G05B and in W06-A04B codes only when there is some RF novelty. T04-K codes, e.g. T04-K03B, can be assigned for any aspect, including memory storage and the like. Transponder-based telemetry or telecontrol is covered by W05-D08G and other W05-D codes as appropriate. Satellite 'transponders', i.e. 'repeaters', are coded in W02-G05C.|
W02-G05A|Current|(1992-    )|Transponder|W02-G09|From 199701, the scope of this code is expanded to cover all aspects of transponders per se. Interrogation equipment and system details are covered in W02-G05B. Search with application codes also, e.g. T04-K01 for smart cards, T05-G02B1A for workpiece tags, W05-B01A2C for antitheft tags, W05-D06A1 codes with W05-D08G for telemetry systems, and W06-A04B codes for identification systems.|
W02-G05B|Current|(1992-    )|Interrogation system|W02-G09|From 199701, transponders per se are covered by W02-G05A. This code is intended to represent all other aspects of transponder systems as a whole.|
W02-G05C|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite transponder, terrestrial repeaters|W02-G09|To discriminate between satellite and terrestrial repeaters, search with W02-C03B codes for radio relay systems. Details of satellites per se, other than 'internal' details of telecommunications equipment carried on space vehicles, are covered by W06-B03 codes.|Duplex, circulator, isolation, filtering
W02-G05X|Current|(1992-    )|Transponder, responder, repeater - other|W02-G09||
W02-G06|Current|(1992-    )|Construction; equipment rack; casing|W02-G09|This code is used for radio equipment construction in general only.|
W02-G08|Current|(1992-    )|Standby systems and redundancy networks|W02-G09||Fail-safe communications
W02-G08A|Current|(1992-    )|With automatic switching to powered-up backup equipment e.g. hot-standby system|W02-G09||
W02-G09|Current||Transmission system details - other|||
W02-H|Current||Noise suppression at source||See W02-G03B codes for radio receiver circuits. W02-H codes are normally assigned together with codes for the apparatus in which noise is being suppressed.|Feedthrough filter, composite LC component, ferrite bead
W02-H01|Current|(1992-    )|RFI suppression at source|||IC engine ignition interference suppression, motor commutation, parasitic oscillation prevention
W02-H01A|Current|(2002-    )|RFI suppression of non-communications equipment||This code is intended to cater for the suppression of radiated RF energy from equipment whose primary function is not that of communication, e.g. electric motors, IC engine ignition systems, microwave ovens.|
W02-H01C|Current|(2002-    )|RFI suppression in communications equipment||This code is intended to cater for the suppression of radiated RF energy from communications equipment, e.g. transmitters, receivers, etc.|
W02-H01C1|Current|(2002-    )|Suppression or avoidance of interference within communications equipment||This code is intended to cater for the suppression of interference generated by one part of communications equipment with another part of the same equipment, or a group of similar units assembled together, e.g. prevention at the transmitter, of interference with an associated receiver.|Self-interference
W02-H01C5|Current|(2002-    )|Suppression of interference caused to separate communications systems||This code is intended to cater for the suppression of radiated RF energy from equipment, especially transmitters, which could interfere with other communication systems, e.g. reducing harmonic radiation.|
W02-H01E|Current|(2002-    )|Suppression or avoidance of interference based on constructional features||Covers screening, siting of modules, etc. and thus V04-S, V04-T or V04-U codes are normally assigned also, as well as constructional details codes specific to the equipment involved.|
W02-H01G|Current|(2002-    )|Suppression or avoidance of interference based on circuitry or operation||This code is intended to focus on aspects of circuit design or equipment operation (including software modifications) resulting in a reduction in the level or effect of unwanted radiated RF energy from equipment, or parts of equipment.|
W02-H01G1|Current|(2002-    )|Suppression or avoidance of interference based on reduction in harmonic energy|||
W02-H01G3|Current|(2002-    )|Suppression or avoidance of interference based on energy dispersal||These codes are intended for arrangements reducing the effect of a potentially interfering signal by dispersing its energy, usually over a range of frequencies.|
W02-H01G3A|Current|(2002-    )|Based on use of FM||Novel frequency modulators are assigned U23-H if intended for analogue signals, U23-P01 and W01-A09A2 with W01-A09E1 if modulated by digital data.|
W02-H01G3C|Current|(2002-    )|Based on use of frequency hopping||Frequency hopping in general is covered by W02-K05A6, which is not assigned here unless specific novel aspects are to be conveyed, or more general applications are cited.|
W02-H01G3E|Current|(2002-    )|Based on direct sequence spectral spreading||Direct sequence spread spectrum systems in general, such as CDMA, are covered by W02-K05A7, which is not assigned here unless specific novel aspects are to be conveyed, or more general applications are cited.|
W02-H01G5|Current|(2007-    )|Interference avoidance based on selection of operating frequency||This code involves avoidance of interference by changing frequency, e.g. selecting an alternative second local oscillator, clock, or PWM audio amplifier switching frequency depending on the channel selected in a radio receiver. Avoidance of interference based on frequency allocation in radio networks is covered by W02-H01J5.|
W02-H01J|Current|(2002-    )|Interference avoidance in radio systems based on frequency allocation and network operation, etc.||This code is intended for prophylactic measures, e.g. at the network planning phase or during normal operation, to reduce the likelihood of interference between communications systems. Simulation systems for radio communication are assigned W02-C03E5 also.|
W02-H01J1|Current|(2005-    )|Interference avoidance at radio network planning stage||Includes use of CAD (see W02-C03E5 and T01-J15A4 also). Interference avoidance as a normal part of network operation is covered by W02-H01J5.|
W02-H01J5|Current|(2005-    )|Interference avoidance based on frequency allocation and network operation||This code is intended to cover interference avoidance during normal network operation, and may involve channel allocation which is also assigned W02-C03G1 (W02-C03E7 prior to 2010) and interference avoidance aspects of cognitive radio systems which are also assigned W02-C03G5. Avoidance of interference at a network design stage is covered by W02-H01J1, and avoidance of interference by changing frequency, e.g. of a clock signal, in equipment is covered by W02-H01G5|
W02-H01J9|Current|(2005-    )|Other aspects of interference avoidance based on frequency allocation and other network details|||
W02-H03|Current|(1992-    )|Supply line noise suppression e.g. mains filter|||
W02-J|Retired|(    -2009)|Facsimile*|S06-D to S06-K|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D to K. Includes analogous systems for still picture information. See also under application e.g. S06-C02B for electronic color separation systems. Note that digital cameras are not included, and are covered by W04-M01B1 codes.|Copy, print, scan, sheet, image, document, line, satellite weather picture system
W02-J01|Retired|(1992-2009)|Scanning arrangements*|S06-D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D. Includes optical system, lens etc. and scanning drive (See also V07-K05), but not read/write components such as sensors, print heads, and light sources, which are covered by W02-J02 codes.|Beam, laser, expose, slit, optical magnifications
W02-J01A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Optics e.g. lenses and mirrors*|S06-D03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D03.|Polygonal
W02-J01B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Scanning drive system*|S06-D04|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D04.|Raster
W02-J01C|Retired|(1992-2009)|Synchronising, position detection and adjustment*|S06-D04A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D04A. Includes control and error compensation of scanning velocity and position.|
W02-J01X|Retired|(    -2009)|Other scanning arrangements*|S06-D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D. Includes scanner construction.|
W02-J02|Retired|(1987-2009)|Recording and reproducing arrangements*|S06 codes|*This code is now discontinued, see S06 codes. Covers methods and recording and reproducing components per se. Drive circuitry is covered by W02-J03A codes only, except when integral with component.|
W02-J02A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Recording i.e. line image sensor, CCD etc.*|S06-D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D. See also U14-H01B for thin film image sensor, U13-A01 and U13-A02 for circuitry and CCD.|Reader, monolithic
W02-J02A1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Sensors*|S06-D05|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D05.|Photoelectric detector, thin film image sensor, multi-element array
W02-J02A1A|Retired|(1987-2009)|Integral reading circuitry*|S06-D05A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-D05A.|
W02-J02B|Retired|(1987-2009)|Reproducing i.e. printing*|S06 codes|*This code is now discontinued, see S06 codes. See also T04-G codes for specific printer type.|Dot matrix, pressure sensitive, magnetic printing
W02-J02B1|Retired|(1987-2009)|Thermal*|S06-H|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-H.|Head, resistive elements, thermal transfer ink ribbon
W02-J02B2|Retired|(1992-2009)|Optical*|S06-E|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E. See also T04-G for printer type and S06-A01A codes for photoconductor details, S06-A04C codes for toner details. See also V07-K01 codes for optical modulator per se.|Light valve, shutter, modulator
W02-J02B2A|Retired|(1992-2009)|LED*|S06-E03A2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E03A2.|Array
W02-J02B2B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Laser*|S06-E03A3|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E03A3. See T04-G04 for laser printing detials.|
W02-J02B2X|Retired|(1992-2009)|Other optical printing*|S06-E03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-E03.|
W02-J02B3|Retired|(1992-2009)|Ink jet*|S06-G|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G. See T04-G02 for ink jet printing details.|
W02-J02B5|Retired|(    -2009)|Integral drive circuitry for printhead*|S06-G03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-G03.|
W02-J03|Retired|(1987-2009)|Picture signal circuits, bandwidth reduction, blanking, transmission control*|S06-K07|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07.|
W02-J03A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Control circuits, monitoring circuits*|S06-K07|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07. Used for general picture signal processing and control, including electronic magnification and blanking. Also includes color processing - use with W02-J04. For picture processing see also T01-J10B codes.|Drive circuits
W02-J03A1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Image acquisition*|S06-K07A4|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A4.|Scan, read, shading compensation
W02-J03A1A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Compensating for sensor characteristics*|S06-K07A4A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A4A.|Shading compensation
W02-J03A2|Retired|(1992-2009)|Image and data processing*|S06-K07A7|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A4.|Picture signal amplifier, halftone screening, edge enhancement, noise or error suppression
W02-J03A2A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Changing magnification*|S06-K04A7B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K04A4B.|
W02-J03A2B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Composing and electronic layout control*|S06-K04A7B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K04A4B.|
W02-J03A3|Retired|(1992-2009)|Image output*|S06-K04A7C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K04A4C.|Write, print, display
W02-J03A4|Retired|(1992-2009)|User interface i.e. control input, displays*|S06-K07A1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A1.|Operator warning device, mode setting,
W02-J03A5|Retired|(1992-2009)|Monitoring*|S06-K07B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07B. Includes self-testing, error correcting and resetting, maintenance.|Fault indication
W02-J03A7|Retired|(1992-2009)|Control of operation*|S06-K07A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A. Includes general control system details and external control e.g. by personal computer. Use with corresponding interface code.|Mode control, non-image memory, start up, standby
W02-J03A7A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Copy sheet counting*|S06-K07A5|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A5.|
W02-J03A9|Retired|(1987-2009)|Other facsimile circuits*|S06-K07|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07.|
W02-J03B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Bandwidth reduction, encoding e.g. MH, run-length etc.*|S06-K07A4D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A4D. See U21-A05 codes for coding in general, W04-P01A codes for TV signal compression, and W02-G04A codes for bandwidth reduction in general.|
W02-J03B1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Encoding*|S06-K07A4D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A4D.|Compression, data reduction, white block skipping
W02-J03B2|Retired|(1987-2009)|Decoding*|S06-K07A4D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A4D.|Regenerate
W02-J03C|Retired|(1992-2009)|Transmission details*|S06-K07C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C. Includes input-output arrangements, telephone interface and secrecy systems (with W02-L). Search W01-C05B1 and W01-C01H for telephone aspects also. For ISDN aspects see W01-C05B7. For LAN aspects see W01-A06 codes.|Synchronising, privacy, transmission standards (e.g. G2, G3, G4 etc.)
W02-J03C1|Retired|(1992-2009)|Signal processing, preparing data for transmission, modulation, and coding*|S06-K07C3|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C3.|Scrambling
W02-J03C2|Retired|(1992-2009)|Determining and setting type of transmission link, mode, and priority*|S06-K07C4|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C4. Includes detecting type of receiving station (e.g. G3, G4).|Autodialler, modem
W02-J03C3|Retired|(2006-2009)|Monitoring, error checking*|S06-K07C6|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C6.|
W02-J03C4|Retired|(1992-2009)|Remote control/monitoring of a facsimile*|S06-K07C6|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C6. E.g. monitoring from host over network, etc. See also T04-G10E if for a printer, or S06-A14E if for a copier.|
W02-J03C5|Retired|(1992-2009)|Reception details*|S06-K07C5|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C5.|Automatic answering
W02-J03C6|Retired|(1992-2009)|Secrecy*|S06-K07C7|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C7. Encoding transmission date, password, data encryption.|password, data encryption
W02-J03C6A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Scrambling of signals, etc.*|S06-K07C7|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C7.|
W02-J03C6B|Retired|(1992-2009)|Document handling*|S06-K07A3|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A3. Includes sealing of received documents in envelopes.|
W02-J03C7|Retired|(1997-2009)|Interface with telephone*|S06-K07C2A|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C2A. Also includes combined facsimile-telephone. See W01-C01P4. Also W01-C05B3H.|
W02-J03C8|Retired|(1992-2009)|Interface with computer*|S06-K07C2D|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C2D. See also T01-C03B.|
W02-J03C9|Retired|(1992-2009)|Other transmission details*|S06-K07C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C. Includes interface to other independent device e.g. copier, but not composite unit - see W02-J07.|Multimedia
W02-J03D|Retired|(    -2009)|Image memory*|S06-K07A4|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A4. Refers to image memory only, but not external memory e.g. computer memory. See also T01-J10A2 for image memory management.|Stores
W02-J04|Retired|(    -2009)|Color systems*|S06-K01|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K01. Used for any aspect of color system, with other codes as appropriate.|
W02-J05|Retired|(1992-2009)|Constructional details*|S06-K03|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03.|Housing, casing, cooling/ventilating arrangements, transport system drive, cutter
W02-J05A|Retired|(1997-2009)|Sheet feeding*|S06-K02|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K02. Includes original document and recording/copy sheets. Also includes page turning mechanism.|Paper roll, paper tray, document holder
W02-J05B|Retired|(2006-2009)|Finishing apparatus*|S06-K05|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K05. Includes stapling, binding, laminating, and cutting, etc. of output sheets. See also S06-A18 if for copier, and/or T04-G06B of for printer.|
W02-J05C|Retired|(1997-2009)|Connectors, physical aspects of circuits*|S06-K03F|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03F.|
W02-J05D|Retired|(2007-2009)|Recycling systems*|S06-K04|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K04. See also S06-A17 for copier, and/or T04-G11B for printer. See also X25-W04 for electrical aspects of recycling system in general.|
W02-J06|Retired|(1997-2009)|Power supplies*|S06-K03G, S06-K07A2|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K03G/S06-K07A2. Includes mains and battery supplies for all types of units including portable systems. Also includes protection circuits. See U24-D, U24-E, U24-F and U24-X codes.|
W02-J07|Retired|(1997-2009)|Combined unit with facsimile, copier, and/or printer functions*|S06-K99F1|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K99F1.|
W02-J08|Retired|(1992-2009)|Facsimile communication systems*|S06-K07C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C.|
W02-J08A|Retired|(1992-2009)|Store and forward exchange*|S06-K07C2B|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C2B.|
W02-J08C|Retired|(1992-2009)|ISDN interface*|S06-K07C2C|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07C2C. Seealso W01-C05B7 codes for general aspects of ISDN.|
W02-J09|Retired|(    -2009)|Other facsimile details*|S06-K|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K. Includes sheet marking and stamping.|Multiple facsimile system, exchange, coin freed
W02-J10|Retired|(1992-2009)|Analogous systems*|S06-K99G|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K99G. For medical stimulable sheet phosphor systems see also S05-D02A5C. For electronic blackboard (previously coded in W02-J09) see also W04-W05.|Radiation imaging
W02-J11|Retired|(2006-2009)|Prevention of illegal photocopy transmission/reception*|S06-K07A3|*This code is now discontinued, see S06-K07A3. See S06-A14F for prevention of illegal photocopying.|
W02-K|Current||Multiplex systems||For multiplex data transmission see W01-A03 also, multiplex telemetry/telecontrol is in W05-D02.|
W02-K01|Current||Frequency division multiplex|||FDM, carrier generator, baseband signal, modulator, telephony transmission, group, supergroup
W02-K01A|Current|(1992-    )|For satellite system||Includes SCPC (single channel per carrier). (See also W02-C03B1D).|
W02-K01C|Current|(1997-    )|Frequency division duplex||For mobile radio aspects use with W02-C03C codes or W02-G02A5B.|FDD
W02-K02|Current||Time division multiplex|||TDM, frame, burst
W02-K02A|Current||Synchronising|||Synchronisation, word detection
W02-K02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Framing, aligning, multiframe|||
W02-K02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Pulse stuffing|||
W02-K02A9|Current|(1992-    )|Other synchronising|||
W02-K02B|Current||Calling signals; branching; monitoring|||Testing, error detection, addressing
W02-K02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Calling signals|||
W02-K02B3|Current|(1992-    )|Branching|||
W02-K02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring|||
W02-K02B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Error detection|||
W02-K02B5B|Current|(1992-    )|Testing|||
W02-K02B5X|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring - other|||
W02-K02C|Current|(1997-    )|Time division duplex||For mobile radio aspects use with W02-C03C codes or W02-G02A5B.|TDD
W02-K02D|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite TDMA system||See W02-C03B for transmission system details.|
W02-K02E|Current|(1992-    )|Statistical multiplexing|W02-K02X||
W02-K02X|Current||Other time division multiplex|||
W02-K03|Current|(1992-    )|Packet switching (general)||Includes e.g. voice packet systems. For data transmission system see W01-A03B codes, and W01-A06G2.|
W02-K04|Current|(1992-    )|Optical multiplex system|W02-K09|Includes wavelength-division multiplexing, see W02-C04B4B also.|
W02-K05|Current|(1987-    )|Spread spectrum, frequency hopping, time hopping and UWB|W02-K09|W02-K05A codes define system type while W02-K05B codes indicate novelty at the system level, or in apparatus. From 2005 W02-K05A9 codes are introduced for ultra-wideband and time hopping systems. Where the use of spread spectrum technique is inherent to a particular technology (e.g. Bluetooth or 3G mobile phones),W02-K05 codes are only assigned when the novelty lies in the SS aspect. Novel details of radio systems are also assigned W02-C03 codes and novel radio equipment is also assigned W02-G codes.|Pseudo-random, synchronisation, frequency step, synthesiser control, radio system, data transmission, power line carrier communication
W02-K05A|Current|(1992-    )|Systems type|||
W02-K05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Non-deliberate interference immunity system; increased reliability|||
W02-K05A5|Current|(1992-    )|System providing secrecy or anti-jamming capability||Note secret transmission per se is coded in W02-L05.|
W02-K05A6|Current|(1997-    )|Frequency hopping spread spectrum|||
W02-K05A7|Current|(1997-    )|Direct sequence spread spectrum||Includes CDMA. Prior to 199701 see W02-K08 with W02-K05 codes as appropriate.|
W02-K05A8|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid spread spectrum system||Covers e.g. combined frequency hopping and CDMA system.|
W02-K05A9|Current|(2005-    )|Ultrawideband and time-hopping systems||This code is used with other W02-K05 codes as appropriate, e.g. with W02-K05B7 for synchronising aspects of UWB communication. Wireless data interfaces between two points using this technology are covered by W01-A07H2K and network communication by W01-A06C4K.|
W02-K05A9A|Current|(2005-    )|Carrier-free impulse communication|||
W02-K05A9C|Current|(2005-    )|Carrier-based impulse communication||Includes spectrally-filtered systems.|
W02-K05B|Current|(1992-    )|System or appts. details|||
W02-K05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Operating method/system|||
W02-K05B3|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus|||
W02-K05B5|Current|(1992-    )|Pseudonoise code details for direct sequence, frequency hopping codes and time hopping codes||Covers details of noise-like codes used in CDMA, frequency hopping and time hopping communication systems. W02-K05A codes are also assigned to differentiate system type, e.g. W02-K05A9A for hopping codes used in a carrier-free impulse communication system.|
W02-K05B7|Current|(1992-    )|Synchronising|||
W02-K05B9|Current|(1992-    )|Other spread-spectrum system details|||
W02-K06|Current|(1992-    )|Time assigned speech interpolation (TASI)|W02-K09|See also W04-V04A1 for application of speech recognition systems to detection of voice presence in speech interpolation multiplexing systems.|DSI
W02-K07|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid and orthogonal multiplex systems|W02-K01, W02-K02, W02-K09|From 1997, the scope of this code is widened to include orthogonal multiplexing, previously coded in W02-K09.|
W02-K07A|Current|(1997-    )|Mixed FDM-TDM system|||
W02-K07C|Current|(1997-    )|Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing|W02-K01, W02-K0|For OFDM digital broadcasting, search with W02-D05C1. Prior to 199701 this topic was covered by W02-D05, W02-K01, and W02-K09. Receivers for DAB are covered in W03-B codes.|
W02-K07E|Current|(1997-    )|Orthogonal multiplexing|W02-K09|Search with W02-C03B1 codes, especially W02-C03B1D, for satellite communication aspects of orthogonal multiplexing.|
W02-K07X|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid multiplexing systems - other||Hybrid spread-spectrum systems are not covered here - see W02-K05A8.|
W02-K08|Current|(1992-    )|Code division multiplexing||Prior to 199701 this code was used for all aspects of CDMA, which is now transferred to W02-K05A7. From 199701 W02-K08 will be assigned for code division multiplexing not specific to spread spectrum communication.|
W02-K09|Current|(1980-    )|Other multiplexing||Prior to 2017 this code included beam division and spatial division multiple access (i.e. BDMA and SDMA), e.g. as used at a cellular base station (W02-C03C1B also with W02-C03C1H or W02-C03C1L for '4G' or '5G' respectively) but from 2017 this topic is covered by W02-K10. Prior to 1997 this code included orthogonal multiplexing which is now coded under W02-K07.|
W02-K10|New|(2017-    )|Beam division multiple access, Space division multiple access||Covers BDMA and SDMA, especially in radio communications. For application to millimeter wave data transmission in 5G cellular systems search with W02-C03C1L. Directional diversity is covered by W02-C03A4 and MIMO systems by W02-C03A5 codes. For antenna beam control aspects see W02-B06 codes. Prior to 2017 BDMA and SDMA were covered by W02-K09.|BDMA, SDMA
W02-L|Current||Secret communication; jamming and antijamming; eavesdropping and anti-eavesdropping||Note secret data transmission is covered in W01-A05. For digitised speech/video (e.g. with bit order rearrangement) search with W01-A05 codes. See W02-F05A codes for video systems.|Secrecy, privacy, anti-eavesdropping system, telephone 'wire-tap'detection
W02-L01|Current|(1992-    )|Jamming and anti-jamming||Jamming/anti-jamming for radar is covered by W06-A04E1 codes only and for GPS by W06-A03A5M only.|
W02-L01A|Current|(2005-    )|Jamming|||
W02-L01C|Current|(2005-    )|Anti-jamming|||
W02-L05|Current|(1992-    )|Scrambling|||Scrambled audio/video communication
W02-L07|Current|(2005-    )|Eavesdropping and anti-eavesdropping||This code covers the interception of communications using any medium, bugging of conversations using hidden microphones, laser reflection from windows etc., and also countermeasures to these techniques. For systems specific to telephone communications (wired or wireless) see W01-C08F1 codes.|
W02-L07A|Current|(2005-    )|Eavesdropping||Covers systems, methods and equipment for intercepting communications and also use of covert listening devices.|
W02-L07C|Current|(2005-    )|Anti-eavesdropping||Covers arrangements to detect or prevent interception of communications by a third party, other than purely by scrambling or encryption, which in general is covered by W02-L05, and also detection of listening devices, e.g. by 'sweeping' for bugs and similar techniques.|
W03|Current||TV and broadcast radio receivers||This class covers general audio/video equipment for entertainment purposes, including interconnection aspects, and radio receivers of broadcast type. Prior to 2007 displays for non-TV receiver applications and associated signal processing circuitry were not coded in W03-A ('TV receivers') being covered under T04 (for computer monitors), W05 (general display details). From 2007, due to the increasing convergence of TV and general purpose displays all relevant aspects of video displays will be coded in W03, including: signal processing (W03-A04 and W03-A05 codes); synchronising (W03-A06 codes); power supplies (W03-A07 codes); display aspects (W03-A08 codes); constructional details (W03-A09 codes); stereoscopic aspects (W03-A12 codes); and audio details (W03-A15 codes). Please note that W03 only covers displays capable of presenting video information. For displays of a general nature (e.g. segment displays), or where there is no particular emphasis on displaying video information (e.g. public information displays) see W05-E codes (W05-E05G for details of construction). Where a novel display is for a specified non-TV receiver application, W03-A21 (Video display for non-TV receiver application) is also applied along with relevant application codes from other classes (e.g. T04). Novel module and manufacturing details of liquid crystal, plasma, electroluminescent and field transmission displays for general applications, as well as display driving and interfacing circuitry is not coded in W03. See U14 and V05 instead. Radio receivers of communications or unspecified type are covered by W02-G03 codes, but note that in addition to appropriate W03 codes, the topic of broadcast TV or radio receiver noise reduction is assigned W02-G03B codes, and from 2005, received signal strength indicating circuits and their applications are also assigned W02-G03J codes. Audio and video recording equipment per se is covered in class W04-A, electroluminescent and field transmission displays for general applications, as well as display driving and interfacing circuitry is not coded in W03. See U14 and V05 instead.|
W03-A|Current||TV receivers||Since 2002 W03-A11K codes have been assigned for TV receivers with digital architecture. From 2005, TV receivers for digital signals (e.g. DVB-T) are covered by W03-A11G, and set-top boxes by W03-A16E codes. Video signal processing for applications other than TV receivers is covered in W04.|
W03-A01|Current||Tuners; tuning displays|||RF amplifier/mixer, local oscillator, tuning band - switching, preset, step, continuous, variable capacitance, tracking, tuning scale, channel number digital display, on-screen display
W03-A01A|Current|(1987-    )|Satellite TV/cable TV converter||Search with W03-A01B codes for specific tuner details.|
W03-A01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite converter||For other aspects of satellite TV reception see|DBS, LNA, LNB, low noise amplifier, low noise block, down converter
W03-A01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Cable TV converter||Prior to 199201 search W03-A01A and W02-F03A (W02-F03A no longer assigned). This code covers RF/IF tuner circuitry. For general (including non-RF) aspects of cable converters and all other ancillary aspects of home installation see W03-A16C codes.|CATV, subscription, wide-band, super-band, set-top box
W03-A01B|Current|(1992-    )|Tuner circuitry and construction||W03-A01B codes are used to describe actual tuner circuitry in conjunction with W03-A01A codes or alone for standard TV tuners, as appropriate. Communications receiver tuners are covered by W02-G03A codes.|Superheterodyne, single-conversion, double-conversion, homodyne
W03-A01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Tuned circuits, input filters||Includes input attenuators. See U25 codes for details of lumped constant circuits. Waveguide technology filters and resonators are covered by W02-A codes.|Inductor, capacitor, varicap, varactor diode, block filter
W03-A01B3|Current|(1992-    )|RF amplifier||Novel RF amplifier details are also assigned U24-G01D and other relevant amplifier codes. From 2006, RF AGC is covered by W03-A03A3, previously coded as W03-A01B3 and W03-A03A. Amplifiers external to the receiver itself are covered by W02-B08C5 codes.|FET, MOSFET, MESFET, IGFET, dual-gate, bipolar, transistor
W03-A01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Mixer||Novel mixer details are also assigned U23-J01 codes.|FET, MESFET, IGFET, dual-gate, bipolar, transistor, diode, ring
W03-A01B5A|Current|(2006-    )|Image rejection mixer||Prior to 2006 this topic was represented by W03-A01B5 and W02-G03B4A (receiver image signal suppression in general). From 2006 W02-G03B4A will only be assigned for specific novelty in the image rejection aspect.|
W03-A01B6|Current|(2002-    )|Direct conversion and low-IF receivers||These codes are used, in conjunction with other W03-A01B codes as necessary, to represent receivers of homodyne, synchrodyne, 'zero-IF', or 'low-IF' type. Arrangements for suppression of offsets at the output of the mixer are also assigned W02-G03B4G. Direct digital conversion (DDC) in digital architecture TV receivers is not included here, being covered by W03-A11K5. Direct conversion communications receivers are covered by W02-G03A8 codes and broadcast receivers of this type by W03-B01A6 codes.|Homodyne, synchrodyne, zero-IF
W03-A01B6A|Current|(2006-    )|Zero-IF receivers||This code is intended for direct conversion schemes in which the baseband information is centred on zero frequency.|
W03-A01B6C|Current|(2006-    )|Low-IF receivers||This code is intended for direct conversion schemes in which the baseband information is centred on a low frequency, e.g. of the same order as the baseband bandwidth itself.|
W03-A01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Local oscillator||Novel oscillator circuits are also assigned U23-A codes. Control of oscillator frequency is covered by W03-A02 codes.|
W03-A01B8|Current|(1997-    )|Tuner constructional details|W03-A01B9, W03-A09A5|Covers construction of tuner per se, general internal constructional details of receiver being covered by W03-A09A5, which was previously assigned in addition to W03-A01B9 to indicate the construction aspect. Since 199701, W03-A09A5 has only be added for details affecting the design of the receiver, such as mountings, etc.|Shield, screen, housing, PCB, circuit board
W03-A01B9|Current|(1992-    )|Other tuner details||Includes testing and alignment (with W03-A18A codes) and diversity arrangements involving tuner or aerial circuitry - see also W02-C03A codes and W03-G08 if receiver is vehicle-mounted.|Trimming, synchrodyne, homodyne
W03-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Tuning display||Includes on-screen display of e.g. channel number. See W03-A10C1 for character generator circuits and W03-A13G for on-screen display systems in general.|OSD, scale, dial
W03-A01D|Current|(2008-    )|Multiple tuner aspects||This code is assigned with other W03-A codes as appropriate and is intended to highlight the use of two or more tuners in a TV receiver, set-top box, and the like. For novel tuner circuitry W03-A01B codes are also assigned and for novel frequency or channel control aspects W03-A02A or W03-A02B codes. For use in connection with PIP or POP display W03-A13B is also assigned.|Dual
W03-A02|Current||Automatic frequency control; band scanning; remote control|||
W03-A02A|Current|(1992-    )|AFC and synthesis control||AFC circuits are also coded in U25-J05. PLL synthesisers are also assigned U23-D01B codes. 'Direct' type synthesisers are covered by U23-F03 codes.|Automatic frequency control, automatic fine tuning, AFT, frequency synthesiser
W03-A02B|Current|(1992-    )|Bandscanning, channel switching and channel number storage|||Seek, search, sweep, stop, store, preset, priority, local, station
W03-A02B1|Current|(1997-    )|Channel storage||Search with U25-H03A for setting up presettable channels, or U25-J01A1 where bandscanning is involved.|
W03-A02B1A|Current|(1997-    )|Based on stations received off-air||Search with U25-J01 codes for bandscanning aspects, e.g. U25-J01A1 for storing channels while scanning.|
W03-A02B1C|Current|(1997-    )|Based on channel listing||Includes in-built memory and channel-guide systems. For channel presetting based on location, W03-A02B1E takes precedence.|
W03-A02B1E|Current|(1997-    )|Based on receiver location||For automatic arrangements search with codes for navigation systems, e.g. W06-A03A5E for use of GPS. Memory systems with pre-loaded station information without regard for receiver location, are covered by W03-A02B1C.|
W03-A02B1G|Current|(2006-    )|User control of channel storage||Includes re-ordering stored channels, deleting channels, forming 'favorites' lists and the like. For security aspects, e.g. parental control, PIN control etc. search with W03-A18A6 and W03-A18A7.|
W03-A02B3|Current|(2007-    )|Channel switching arrangements||This code covers arrangements for changing the channel to which a TV set is tuned, either under user control or automatically.|
W03-A02C|Current|(1992-    )|Remote control||Remote control for recording apparatus is coded in W04-E04A, for audio/video equipment in general in W03-G05A codes, and for general or unspecified applications in W05-D codes. For TV remote control by 'Universal' or 'Learning' type controller search W03-A02C codes with W03-G05A1A. For general TV receiver control aspects see W03-A18A.|Ultrasonic, optical, IR, transducer, LED, photodiode, APD
W03-A02C1|Current|(1997-    )|Remote control unit||Covers details of portable controller. Overall system aspects and circuitry within the receiver itself are covered by W03-A02C5.|
W03-A02C1A|Current|(1997-    )|Novel circuitry and components||Includes IR LEDs and drive circuits, etc. (see U12-A codes also for aspects relating to LEDs) together with coding aspects.|
W03-A02C1C|Current|(1997-    )|Construction and layout|W03-A02C, W03-A09A|Includes shape, style and format of control keys etc., and also protective covers and stands (also coded in W03-A09C).|
W03-A02C5|Current|(1997-    )|Remote control system||Includes circuitry and components internal to the receiver and overall system aspects.|
W03-A02C5A|Current|(1997-    )|Involving on-screen display|W03-A02C, W03-A13G|Includes application of GUI techniques to control of TV receivers and video displays, such as manipulation of a cursor, menu navigation and virtual keyboard aspects. For use of remote controller in connection with other interactive systems making use of a TV set search with W03-A16C5 codes also. OSD in general is coded in W03-A13G. |
W03-A02C5C|Current|(1997-    )|Remote control location system||Covers transponder-type arrangements providing e.g. audible tone as aid to locating remote unit, in response to signal transmitted from TV set itself.|
W03-A02C5E|Current|(2005-    )|Combined with additional features||This code covers the provision of features beyond the basic remote control function and generally refers to extra facilities being provided to the user on the remote control handset. Examples include a dedicated display, e.g. for indicating control functions, viewing alternative channel or electronic programme guide (for which W03-A13J is also assigned), or the provision of a separate loudspeaker or headphone socket.|
W03-A02C5G|Current|(2006-    )|Receiver-based remote control circuitry, components and construction||This code is assigned with other codes as appropriate, e.g. W03-A09A5 for internal receiver constructional aspects, W02-C04A3 codes for IR receiver circuitry, U12-A01A codes for LEDs or U12-A02B2A for photodiodes.|
W03-A02C5J|Current|(2011-    )|Image recognition-based remote control||This code covers the use of image recognition technology as part of a remote control system for TV sets and video displays. It includes recognition of gestures, movement of hands or head, etc. to derive control information. For use in conjunction with virtual keyboards or other on-screen display aspects W03-A02C5A is also assigned. Image-based recognition of individual users, e.g. for parental control or selecting a 'favorites' list, is covered by W03-A18A6. Novel aspects of image recognition are covered by T01-J10B2A and applications are also assigned T04-D07 codes.|
W03-A02C5L|Current|(2011-    )|Voice recognition-based remote control||This code covers the use of voice recognition to provide a 'remote control' facility, with or without a remote control handset unit being used, in which spoken commands are used to control the functions of a TV set or video display. The general 'speech recognition application' code, W04-V04A5 is also assigned (with other W04-V codes in case of novel aspects). Voice-based recognition of individual users, e.g. for parental control or selecting a 'favorites' list, is covered by W03-A18A6.|
W03-A03|Current||IF amplifiers; automatic gain control; sound and vision detectors|||
W03-A03A|Current|(1992-    )|TV receiver AGC||Prior to 2006 this code was used with W03-A01B3 for RF AGC and W03-A03B for IF AGC. These topics are now covered solely by the subdivisions below.|Keyed-AGC, synchronising signal, burst, level control
W03-A03A1|Current|(2006-    )|Novel AGC characteristic||Covers delayed AGC, or other specific characteristic. See U24-C01C1 for signal processing aspects to obtain a particular AGC characteristic|
W03-A03A3|Current|(2006-    )|RF AGC||Prior to 2006 this topic was covered by W03-A01B3 and W03-A03A.|
W03-A03A5|Current|(2006-    )|IF AGC||Prior to 2006 this topic was covered by W03-A03A and W03-A03B.|
W03-A03A9|Current|(2006-    )|Other TV receiver AGC aspects|||
W03-A03B|Current|(1992-    )|TV receiver IF system||From 2006, W03-A03B5 is introduced to separately highlight IF amplifiers, and IF AGC is covered by W03-A03A5 (previously coded as W03-A03A and W03-A03B).|Integrated circuit, multistage, cascade, interstage coupling, sound, picture, vision, video, trap circuit, IF-based ghost suppression circuit
W03-A03B1|Current|(1992-    )|IF filter||For specific filter types, see appropriate codes in e.g. V06-V and U14-G for electromechanical filters, U25-E for analogue lumped constant types, and U22-G01 codes for digital filters.|SAW, surface acoustic wave, ceramic, LC, tuned circuit, passband, ripple
W03-A03B5|Current|(2006-    )|IF amplifier||Novel IF amplifier details are also assigned U24-G01D and other relevant amplifier codes.|
W03-A03C|Current|(1992-    )|Sound and vision detectors||Demodulation circuits in general are coded in U23.|
W03-A03C1|Current|(1992-    )|Sound detector||For stereophonic decoder search with W03-A12B1. (Also coded in U23-P05).|Intercarrier sound, FM discriminator
W03-A03C5|Current|(1992-    )|Vision detector||For stereoscopic receiver aspects search with W03-A12A.|FM, AM, picture, video
W03-A04|Current||Video signal processing||Includes general processing for black/white signals and where nature of signals is unimportant. See W04-P codes for general non-receiver application, and W04-F codes for processing specific to video recording.|
W03-A04A|Current|(1992-    )|Gamma control||Gamma control/correction in general is coded in W04-P01E1.|
W03-A04B|Current|(1992-    )|Bandwidth control||Control of bandwidth in general is covered by U25-F codes which are also assigned as appropriate.|
W03-A04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Peaking, aperture correction||Aperture correction in general is coded in W04-P01E5.|Response, accentuate, HF
W03-A04C|Current|(1992-    )|Clamping circuits, DC restoration||Clamping circuits of general application are coded in U24-C02A5 also. (Prior to 199201 search W03-A04 and U24-C02A for TV receiver clamp circuits.)|
W03-A04D|Current|(1992-    )|Contrast and brightness control||Includes automatic arrangements and circuitry responding to manual control or remote control operation.|
W03-A04D1|Current|(1997-    )|Based on display drive aspects||Includes CRT beam current limiting when combined with W03-A08A8A.|
W03-A04D5|Current|(1997-    )|Based on ambient lighting||Prior to 1997, see U24-C01C and W03-A04D.|
W03-A04F|Retired|(1992-2005)|Display interface circuit*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2006 this topic is covered by W03-A08S codes.|
W03-A04G|Current|(1992-    )|Ghost suppression and equalising||The title of this code has been expanded to reflect the previous inclusion of equalising circuits, even when ghost suppression has not been explicitly mentioned. Prior to 1997, ghost cancelling was also coded in W02-G03B6, which covers compensation for multipath reception in general. From 1997, W03-A04G only has been used for this topic in TV receivers. See also U22-G01 codes for digital filters, especially U22-G01A5 codes which relate to adaptive types and U22-G03E3C for application of DSP to equalising in general. Transmission of ghost control reference signals (GCR) is covered by W02-F05C.|Reflection, pulse, delay, transversal filter
W03-A04H|Current|(1992-    )|Noise reduction||For details relevant to the radio receiving aspect W02-G03B codes are also assigned.|
W03-A04H1|Current|(1997-    )|Reducing noise generated outside receiver||Covers suppression within the receiver of external interference such as impulse noise (also coded in W02-G03B5) and interference to terrestrial digital TV signals from analogue transmissions, or vice-versa. Ghost signal suppression is covered by W03-A04G.|
W03-A04H5|Current|(1997-    )|Reducing noise generated in receiver||Includes arrangements to reduce noise and aberrations on picture, except that arising from luminance/chrominance separation, which is covered by W03-A05B5.|
W03-A05|Current||Colour signal processing||W03-A05 codes covers demodulators, luminance-chrominance separation, etc., chiefly for analogue color TV. (Color modulators/encoders are covered by W04-Q05).|
W03-A05A|Current|(1992-    )|Colour synchronisation|||
W03-A05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Colour subcarrier recovery|||
W03-A05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Separation of colour burst signal|||
W03-A05B|Current|(1992-    )|Luminance-chrominance separation|||Luma, chroma, Y-C
W03-A05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Using comb filter, using digital filter||Comb filters per se are covered by U22-G01B5 (digital) and U25-A03 (analogue).|Delay, line, period
W03-A05B5|Current|(1992-    )|Suppressing interference||Includes suppression of cross-color, 'hanging dots' interference, etc. Reduction in the visible effect of radio interference is covered by W03-A04H1.|
W03-A05B7|Current|(1992-    )|Adaptive luminance-chrominance separation||Incudes movement-responsive control of separation. W03-A11C, which covers detection of picture motion content in general, is also assigned where this aspect is significant.|Scene, change, HF, interframe
W03-A05C|Current|(1992-    )|Control circuit details||Covers automatic and manually/remotely adjustable control.|
W03-A05C1|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic chroma control|||
W03-A05C3|Current|(1992-    )|Colour killer circuit|||
W03-A05C5|Current|(1992-    )|White balance control|||
W03-A05C7|Current|(1992-    )|Hue and intensity control|||
W03-A05D|Current|(1992-    )|Demodulation circuits|||NTSC, PAL, SECAM, MAC
W03-A05D1|Current|(1992-    )|With recognition of standard||See also W03-A11 codes for multistandard receiver details, especially W03-A11B codes for standard recognition.|
W03-A05E|Current|(1992-    )|Matrix circuit|||
W03-A05F|Retired|(1992-2005)|Display interface circuit*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2006 this topic is covered by W03-A08S codes.|
W03-A05X|Current|(1992-    )|Other colour signal processing||Includes clamping/DC restoration specifically for color video when W03-A04C is also applied, and noise reduction (other than that due to luminance-chrominance separation) with W03-A04H codes.|Dithering
W03-A06|Current||Synchronising|||Separation circuit, vertical/horizontal signal separation, clock recovery, deflection/blanking generator control
W03-A06A|Current|(1992-    )|Extracting synchronising information||Covers separation of synchronising signal information from composite video signal. Separation of horizontal and vertical synchronising information from extracted 'sync' pulses is covered by W03-A06C.|
W03-A06A1|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting presence of signals|||
W03-A06A5|Current|(1992-    )|Recognising type of signals||See W03-A11B codes also for multistandard receiver aspects.|
W03-A06C|Current|(1992-    )|Separation of vertical and horizontal information||Also coded in U22-D05 if of general application to pulse circuitry. Prior to 199201 search U22-D05 with W03-A06.|Vertical, horizontal, frame, field, line
W03-A06E|Current|(1992-    )|Synchronising signal distribution and control of other equipment||Covers use of synchronising signals within receiver.|
W03-A07|Current||Power supplies||See U24 for (low power) power supplies in general.|
W03-A07A|Current|(1992-    )|Mains or battery power supply|||Transformer, rectifier, smoothing, filter, voltage regulator, converter, AC-DC
W03-A07A1|Current|(1992-    )|Standby arrangements, timed disconnection|||
W03-A07C|Current|(1992-    )|EHT power supply||Includes discharge protection circuits. Also coded in W03-A08A1C. See also V02-F02A for flyback transformers.|Rectifier, voltage multiplier, tripler, ultor, final anode
W03-A08|Current||Display arrangements||W03-A08 codes cover display aspects of TV receivers and (since 2007) video displays in general. The following codes are assigned to indicate application of the particular display device to TV sets and video displays only : W03-A08A codes, W03-A08B, W03-A08C, W03-A08D, W03-A08G and W03-A08J. Novel details of these display devices are covered in the respective codes for the particular technology, in either V05 or U14 class.|
W03-A08A|Current||Cathode ray tube display||CRTs per se are assigned V05-D codes, especially V05-D01B codes.|
W03-A08A1|Current||Deflection circuits|||
W03-A08A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Deflection signal generator and control||Prior to 199701, this code included picture width and height control which is now transferred to W03-A08A1F. See U22-C codes also for details of sawtooth waveform generators.|Line oscillator, frame oscillator, horizontal, vertical
W03-A08A1B|Current|(1992-    )|Deflection yoke||Also coded in V02-F01A and V05-D06B1A (and V05-D01B codes depending on tube type).|Coil, winding, core, connections
W03-A08A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Deflection system with power supply||Also coded in W03-A07C. Includes line output transformer (also coded in V02-F02A).|
W03-A08A1D|Current|(1992-    )|Distortion and linearity correction||Includes pincushion distortion correction.|S-correction, capacitor, coil, barrel, ringing
W03-A08A1E|Current|(1992-    )|Centering of picture on screen|||
W03-A08A1F|Current|(1997-    )|Controlling picture width or height|W03-A08A1A|See W03-A08A1A prior to 1997.|
W03-A08A1G|Current|(1992-    )|Deflection with nonuniform speed||Includes velocity modulation systems.|
W03-A08A1H|Current|(1992-    )|Progressive scanning||Covers non-interlaced systems. For HDTV receiver aspects search with W03-A11 codes.|
W03-A08A1J|Current|(1992-    )|Non-raster scanning||Covers scanning systems not following normal sequential raster pattern, such as fractal scanning. Progressive scanning is covered by W03-A08A1H.|Peano
W03-A08A1X|Current|(1992-    )|Deflection system details - other|||
W03-A08A3|Current|(1992-    )|Focusing arrangement|W03-A08A9|Includes coils (also coded in V02-D), power supply aspects, focus potentiometer, etc.|
W03-A08A3A|Current|(1997-    )|Dynamic focusing||See U22-D01A codes also for pulse-shaping aspects.|
W03-A08A3C|Current|(1997-    )|Focusing system components||Includes high-voltage potentiometers, bias resistor networks, etc. which are covered in V01-A codes, e.g. V01-A03D2 for preset variable resistors.|
W03-A08A4|Current|(1992-    )|Degaussing arrangements|W03-A08A9|For demagnetising in general see V02-D, which is also assigned here.|
W03-A08A4A|Current|(1992-    )|Degaussing coil|W03-A08A9||
W03-A08A4C|Current|(1992-    )|Control circuitry|W03-A08A9|Includes automatic control aspects, e.g. causing current decay by PTC resistance (also coded in V01-A02A7C where the resistance element per se is novel).|
W03-A08A5|Current|(1992-    )|Convergence and beam control|W03-A08A9||Beam landing error, misconvergence
W03-A08A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Components e.g. magnets, coils|W03-A08A9||
W03-A08A5C|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic control|W03-A08A9||
W03-A08A5E|Current|(1992-    )|Beam index control|W03-A08A9|Includes circuitry and electro-optical or other detection system.|
W03-A08A6|Current|(1992-    )|Radiated field suppression|W03-A08A9|Covers suppression of magnetic, electromagnetic, or electric fields for EMC or health and safety considerations. See W03-A09 codes also for constructional aspects. Compensation for effects of external magnetic fields is covered by W03-A08A4 for de-magnetising and by W03-A08A1D for distortion correction in deflection circuits.|
W03-A08A7|Current|(1992-    )|Blanking circuits|||Beam cut-off, bias, grid
W03-A08A7A|Current|(1992-    )|Responsive to scan failure|W03-A08A9|Includes arrangements to protect screen from damage.|Spot killer
W03-A08A7C|Current|(1992-    )|Blanking selective part of screen area|W03-A08A9, W03-A11|See W03-A11B1A also for control of display area in multi-standard receiver.|Aspect ratio, widescreen, letterbox, HDTV, IDTV, EDTV, border, edge
W03-A08A8|Current|(1992-    )|Tube drive circuitry|W03-A08A9|Includes cathode drive circuits, and also matrix drive circuitry. See U24-G codes for amplifiers in general.|
W03-A08A8A|Current|(1992-    )|Limiting excess beam current|W03-A08A9|Also coded in U24-C02A when based on limiting excessive brightness level of video. (See also W03-A04D1)|ABL
W03-A08A8C|Current|(1997-    )|Drive circuitry for matrix-type tube||Covers matrix drive with deflection type tube arrangements. Cathode ray tubes of this type are covered by V05-D01B3C. Interface arrangements for matrix displays other than CRTs are covered by W03-A08S5.|MDWD
W03-A08A9|Current||Other CRT display aspects|||
W03-A08B|Current|(1987-    )|Liquid crystal display|W03-A08X|This code is used to denote the use of an LCD in a TV set or video display, and includes novel LCDs (full details of which are covered by U14-K01 codes). W03-A08B is assigned for drive circuitry integral with the LCD ( in U14, U14-K01A3 is assigned for this), external circuitry forming part of the TV set or video display is assigned W03-A08B3. Backlighting components and arrangements are covered by W03-A08B1 and control of backlighting by W03-A08B3. From 2007 backlighting and analagous arrangements are also assigned X26-U04A codes (formerly W05-E05B codes and X26-U04).|
W03-A08B1|Current|(1997-    )|Module and constructional details||This code covers module aspects and constructional details associated with the incorporation of the display device itself, including backlighting light sources, filters, diffusers, etc. Control of backlighting is not included being covered by W03-A08B3. From 2007 backlighting and analogous arrangements are also coded in X26-U04A and other X26 codes depending on novelty.|Back lighting, display module connector
W03-A08B3|Current|(1997-    )|Drive circuitry||This code is intended for drive circuitry forming part of the TV set or video display, i.e. it does not include circuitry that is part of the LCD which is coded as W03-A08B.|Matrix drive circuitry, scan signal generator
W03-A08C|Current|(1997-    )|Display using LEDs||This code is used to denote the use of inorganic or organic light emitting diodes in a TV set or video display, either as an array of individually-encapsulated LEDs for a large-scale display or as an integrated circuit. LEDs themselves are covered by U12-A01A codes. Note that in the case of 'LED' displays, 'light emitting diode' displays are covered here but 'light emitting device' displays not using LEDs are regarded as being electroluminescent displays and are therefore covered by W03-A08J instead. The use of LEDs for backlighting of liquid crystal displays is not regarded as an 'LED display' and is covered by W03-A08B1 for module and constructional aspects and by W03-A08B3 for drive circuitry and control aspects. |
W03-A08D|Current|(1992-    )|Plasma display||Plasma displays per se are covered by V05-A01 codes.|
W03-A08E|Current|(1987-    )|Optical aspects, including head-mounted display||Note that optical elements included in W03-A08E codes are not part of display devices themselves, such as CRTs, FEDs, LCDs, OELDs, or PDPs, but are separate elements used with the display device. Projection TV in general is covered by W04-Q01 codes and only coded in W03 when relevance to receivers is disclosed, or for video circuitry details, such as light valve driving.|Anti-reflection coating, lens, color filter, projection display, stereoscopic display shutter control, polarisation control
W03-A08E1|Current|(1997-    )|Filters||This code includes color-separation filters, polarising filters, antiglare filters and the like which are separate from the display device itself. Thus a color-separation filter within an LCD for example can not be assigned this code, and being regarded as an aspect of the display itself, would be coded as W03-A08B only. Display filters of general or unspecified application are covered by W05-E05A.|
W03-A08E3|Current|(1997-    )|Lens systems|||
W03-A08E5|Current|(1997-    )|Mirror|||
W03-A08E7|Old|(1997-2012)|Head-mounted display||Includes shutter arrangements for stereoscopic displays with W03-A12A and V07-K01A (shutters per se and W05-E07 for hand-mounted displays in general. See W04-W07E1A codes for virtual reality systems. For retinal-projection aspects search with W04-Q01L.|
W03-A08E7|Current|(2013-    )|Head-mounted displays and electronic shutter arrangements for 3D displays||From 2013 this code is subdivided to distinguish video head-mounted displays (now covered by W03-A08E7A) from shutter arrangements for use with stereoscopic displays (now covered by W03-A08E7C).|
W03-A08E7A|Current|(2013-    )|Head-mounted display||This code covers head-mounted displays for presenting visual information to the user from video signals. Head-mounted displays using retinal-projection are also assigned W04-Q01L. Application to augmented reality or virtual reality systems is indicated by assignment of W04-W07E1A. Head-mounted displays in general, including those not capable of presenting video, are covered by W05-E07. |
W03-A08E7C|Current|(2013-    )|Shutter arrangement for stereoscopic display||This code covers arrangements in the form of spectacles with e.g. electro-optical shutters to alternately transmit or block light from a display to left and right eyes of the viewer. W03-A12A, the general code for stereoscopic or '3D' TV receivers and video displays is also assigned and novel aspects of electro-optical shutters are covered by V07-K01A.|3D glasses
W03-A08E7E|Current|(2013-    )|Spectacles using filters for stereoscopic display||This code covers arrangements in the form of passive spectacles with e.g. different colour filters or different polarization for each eye to produce a stereoscopic display effect. W03-A12A, the general code for stereoscopic or '3D' TV receivers and video displays is also assigned. Electro-optical shutters to alternately transmit or block light from a display to left and right eyes of the viewer are not included and are covered by W03-A08E7C. |Anaglyph, 3D glasses, blue filter, green filter, red filter
W03-A08E8|Current|(2014-    )|Parallax and different-view displays||This code covers optical and electro-optical aspects of displays in which parallax or similar effects are used to enable different images to be perceived depending on the viewer's position. For autostereoscopic displays (i.e. those not requiring the wearing of spectacles with LC shutters, polarized filters, etc.) W03-A12A is also assigned. Where the object is privacy, e.g. deliberately creating a narrow viewing angle so that someone sitting next to the user of a portable device can not view displayed content, W03-A08L is also assigned.|Confidential, diffraction, diffuser, grating, overlay, refraction, restricted view
W03-A08F|Current|(1992-    )|Optomechanical and electro-optical scanning display||Light beam scanning is covered by V07-K05.|
W03-A08F1|Current|(1992-    )|With laser light source||For details of lasers per se see V08 codes. Projection TV with laser light source is coded in W04-Q01B1.|
W03-A08G|Current|(2002-    )|Field emission display|W03-A08X|This code is intended for non-CRT field emission display arrangements for TV receivers. CRT TV displays using field emission are covered by W03-A08A codes. Novel aspects of field emission displays are covered by V05-D01C3 and other V05-D codes as appropriate.|FED
W03-A08J|Current|(2002-    )|Electroluminescent display|W03-A08X|Novel aspects of electroluminescent displays are covered by U14-J codes. Note that 'LED displays', in the sense of 'light emitting diode displays' are not included here and are covered by W03-A08C. When 'LED' refers to 'light emitting devices' which are not LEDs, W03-A08J is assigned.|EL
W03-A08L|Current|(2013-    )|Display arrangements preventing direct recording by camera and display privacy||This code covers arrangements to prevent direct off-screen recording of still or moving images using e.g. a digital camera, camera phone or camcorder or to perform watermarking on images recorded, and also arrangements to maintain confidentiality or privacy of displayed information, e.g. by deliberately restricting viewing angle. Arrangements using infra red light within an LCD backlighting system are also covered in W03-A08B codes. The use of similar techniques for projection displays is not included and is covered by W04-Q01J5. Copy protection involving signal processing is covered by W04-F01L1|Camera blinding, flooding, IR, over-expose, secrecy
W03-A08S|Current|(2006-    )|Display interfacing||Covers circuitry for interfacing between the receiver and displays that may be integral with it or external. This topic was previously covered in W03-A04F for general interfacing aspects and in W03-A05F for interfacing and display driving specifically related to color video signals. Other W03-A04 or W03-A05 codes are assigned in addition to W03-A08S codes as necessary.|
W03-A08S1|Current|(2006-    )|Digital display interfacing||This topic was previously covered in W03-A04F for general interfacing aspects and in W03-A05F for interfacing and display driving specifically related to color video signals. This aspect is still assigned other W03-A05 codes in addition to W03-A08S1, e.g. W03-A05C5 for white balance control.|DisplayID, EDID, extended display identification data, E-EDID, enhanced EDID
W03-A08S5|Current|(2006-    )|Matrix drive details||For driving e.g. LCD, plasma displays with native resolution. Color matrix circuits for converting color-difference signals into color drive signals are not coded here, being covered by W03-A05E instead.|
W03-A08X|Current||Other display arrangements||Includes display arrangements using discharge tubes forming a matrix, etc. From 2002 electroluminescent displays for TV receivers are assigned W03-A08J.Also includes touchscreens which are also assigned T04-F02A2 and W03-A13G when OSD aspects are significant. |
W03-A09|Current||Constructional details||Constructional details of electronic equipment in general are covered by V04-S and V04-T codes.|
W03-A09A|Current|(1992-    )|Receiver constructional details|||
W03-A09A1|Current|(1992-    )|Cabinet|||
W03-A09A5|Current|(1992-    )|Internal construction|||Cooling
W03-A09C|Current|(1992-    )|Stands and supports||Includes furniture aspects such as stacks for audio/video equipment (see W03-G codes also for general application) and mounting brackets for walls, etc.|
W03-A10|Current|(1983-    )|Teletext and related systems|W03-A20|Teletext transmission system aspects are covered by W02-F05B codes. Non-television text equipment (e.g. receiving text information over telephone line) is not coded here, unless interfacing equipment such as a modulator is being used to insert the text in e.g. the field blanking interval (in which case W03-A18C would be assigned also). For non VBI-based systems used in digital TV search along with W03-A11G.|Character multiplex
W03-A10A|Current|(1992-    )|Decoder|||Framing code detector
W03-A10A1|Current|(1992-    )|Error protection||Ghost-cancelling circuits are covered by W03-A04G.|Burst-and-random error correction system for teletext, BEST
W03-A10C|Current|(1992-    )|Character generator||Character generators for computer peripheral CRT VDUs are covered by T04-H01A1.|
W03-A10C1|Retired|(1992-2005)|For other on screen display*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2006 it is assumed that all character generators are for a range of purposes, including teletext type systems, on screen menus and interactive information provision such as Internet TV.|
W03-A10C5|Current|(2006-    )|Character sets and fonts||Includes use of particular character sets for different languages. Character set encoding is also covered in U21-A05D1.|Cyrillic, Kanji, Kana, Hangul, Arabic, shift JIS
W03-A10E|Retired|(1992-2011)|Memory aspects*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter will be covered by W03-A11M5. W03-A10E remains valid and searchable for records prior to 2012 when it was assigned for the use of memory to increase apparent speed of retrieval or other purposes in text and subtitle display arrangements. Prior to 2012 memory circuits for OSD and PIP applications were covered by W03-A13A (now W03-A11M3) and for digital/high definition receivers by W03-A11M.|Buffer, page memory
W03-A10G|Current|(1997-    )|"Closed caption" and subtitle systems|W03-A10X, W03-A13G|Search with S05-K for 'closed caption' systems.|
W03-A10J|Current|(1997-    )|Processing additional information signals||Includes use of VPS data and extraction circuitry (only) for ghost-control reference signals. See W03-A04G for all aspects of ghost signal suppression in receivers.|
W03-A10X|Current|(1992-    )|Text system details - other||Includes the use of text-to-speech conversion (also assigned W04-V04C1) to provide an audible version of text-based information.|
W03-A11|Current|(1987-    )|High-definition, multi-standard receiver|W03-A20|HDTV transmission systems are covered by W02-F06C codes. Codes in this section are used with W03-A05 codes for color demodulation, and with W03-A08 codes for display aspects.|HDTV, IDTV, EDTV, MUSE, dual-standard, video signal interpolation
W03-A11A|Current|(1992-    )|Receiver standards-conversion circuit||TV standards conversion equipment for studio/broadcast use is covered by W04-N05A, and for recording equipment by W04-F01H3.|
W03-A11A1|Current|(2005-    )|Transcoding||Covers conversion of standard of received digital TV signals including changing the coding format used.|
W03-A11A5|Current|(2010-    )|TV display upscaling and resolution improvement||This code covers arrangements for upscaling a signal to improve resolution, e.g. to provide a 100 Hz field rate from an original 50 Hz rate in the received signal, or to increase the effective number of pixels. Upscaling for video recording and reproducing equipment is covered by W04-F01H3C.|Flicker reduction, interpolation, pixel displacement, pixel shaping
W03-A11B|Current|(1992-    )|Standard recognition circuits and switching||Includes recognition based on color signal characteristic (see W03-A05D1 also), synchronising signal type (see W03-A06A5 also) or e.g. bandwidth of received signal. From 2006 novel standard recognition circuits are covered by W03-A11B5.|
W03-A11B1|Current|(1992-    )|Automatically switching receiver circuitry||Covers control aspects to select appropriate demodulator, or other signal processing stage. Includes use of standard recognition circuits in switching receiver circuitry.|
W03-A11B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Controlling display area or scanning format||See W03-A08A7C for arrangements to selectively blank e.g. border area of CRT display. For similar system using physical masking of screen see W03-A08X.|Progressive scan, interlaced, non-interlaced, aspect ratio, letterbox, pan-and-scan, 4:3, 16:9
W03-A11B5|Current|(2006-    )|Novel standard recognition circuits|||
W03-A11C|Current|(1992-    )|Picture signal motion detector||This code is not used routinely for decoding predictively encoded video data. Covers novel methods and circuitry for determining motion content of picture, e.g. in adaptive circuitry such as luminance - chrominance separator (also coded in W03-A05B7) as well as in predictive decoding. Motion detector circuits in general are coded in W04-P01A1.|Inter-frame, correlation, difference, HF
W03-A11D|Current|(1992-    )|Decoder for specific system||Includes decoder for digital TV, e.g. DVB-T signals. Descrambling of encrypted signals is not included and is covered by W03-A16C3A. Decoders/demodulators for 'standard' analogue color TV signals are covered by W03-A05D codes.|MUSE, high-vision, DVB, ATSC
W03-A11D1|Current|(2007-    )|Error detection and correction||See W01-A01B codes for general error correction in data transmission systems, which were previously assigned with W03-A11D to indicate this topic.|
W03-A11G|Current|(2005-    )|TV receiver for digital broadcasts and digital multimedia broadcast receiver||From 2011 the title of this code is expanded to reflect the previous inclusion of receivers for digital multimedia broadcast (DMB - now covered by W03-A11G5) as well as receivers of digital TV signals such as DVB-T, irrespective of analogue or digital receiver architecture. Set-top box receivers are also assigned W03-A16E. Digital TV receiver architecture details (for analogue or digital signals) are covered by W03-A11K codes.|
W03-A11G1|Current|(2006-    )|Combined with analogue receiver|||
W03-A11G5|Current|(2011-    )|Digital multimedia broadcast receiver||For receivers built-into mobile phones search with W01-C01D3C and W01-C01P6G.|
W03-A11K|Current|(2002-    )|Digital and hybrid TV receiver architecture|W03-A11X|This code is assigned for receivers - of signals with analogue or digital modulation - which are implemented using DSP techniques in whole or in part. The codes are used in conjunction with other W03-A codes as necessary where there are direct equivalents in analogue receivers, in particular for RF amplifiers, oscillators, IF stages and demodulators. Corresponding digital techniques for communications and broadcast radio receivers are covered by W02-G03K and W03-B07 codes.|
W03-A11K1|Current|(2002-    )|Characterised by usage of DSP|W03-A11X|These codes are used to distinguish between different levels of DSP being applied to the signal path in the receiver. As such, they do not normally represent novel digital processing aspects, which are conveyed by use of other W03-A11K codes. DSP in general is covered by T01-J08A2, T01-J08B and U22-G codes depending on specific aspects.|
W03-A11K1A|Current|(2002-    )|With baseband digital signal processing only|W03-A11X|This code covers receivers with a digital signal processing path after the conversion to baseband.|
W03-A11K1C|Current|(2002-    )|With baseband and IF digital signal processing only|W03-A11X|This code covers receivers with DSP in IF, demodulator, and baseband stages.|
W03-A11K1E|Current|(2002-    )|With digitising of RF spectrum|W03-A11X|This code covers receivers with digitising of the whole signal processing path, except for the possible use of analogue RF amplifiers.|
W03-A11K1X|Current|(2002-    )|Other use of DSP in digital TV receivers|W03-A11X||
W03-A11K3|Current|(2002-    )|AD conversion||Novel aspects of AD converters and AD conversion are covered by U21-A03 codes.|
W03-A11K5|Current|(2002-    )|Digital mixing and direct digital conversion|W03-A11X||DDC
W03-A11K6|Current|(2002-    )|Filtering|W03-A11X|Novel digital filters are also assigned U22-G01 codes, and T01-J08B when the emphasis is on computing aspects.|
W03-A11K7|Current|(2006-    )|Transform implementation||DSP-based transform implementation is covered by U22-G03E1A and computer data processing aspects in general by T01-J04B1.|
W03-A11K8|Current|(2006-    )|DA conversion||Novel aspects of DA converters and DA conversion are covered by U21-A02 codes.|
W03-A11K9|Current|(2002-    )|Other digital TV receiver aspects|W03-A11X||
W03-A11M|Old|(2005-2011)|Processing involving memory||Covers applications or novel details of memory circuitry used in TV receiver decoders or standards conversion equipment. Memory circuits used in PIP and OSD applications are covered by W03-A13A, and for teletext by W03-A10E. For memory circuits used for general audio/video applications see W04-P01C codes. For memory circuits used in dynamic recording of video signals see W04-F01M.|
W03-A11M|Current|(2012-    )|TV receiver memory||From 2012 the scope of this code is expanded to enable it to be used as a single reference for 'TV receiver memory' in the sense of memory for images or text. Subdivisions have been introduced to cover the use of memory in video decoding (W03-A11M1), for onscreen display and related topics (W03-A11M3), for text and subtitle display (W03-A11M5) and novel memory itself (W03-A11M7). Prior to 2012 memory circuitry used in TV receivers for applications such as PIP and OSD was covered by W03-A13A, and for teletext by W03-A10E. For memory circuits used for general video applications see W04-P01C codes. For memory circuits used in dynamic recording of video signals (e.g. as a buffer) see W04-F01M codes. Memory used for storing operational settings such as stored channels or for general receiver control aspects is not included, being covered respectively by W03-A02B1 codes and W03-A18A codes.|
W03-A11M1|Current|(2012-    )|TV receiver memory used in decoders and other signal processing||This code covers the use of memory in a TV receiver in connection with video decoding or other signal processing, such as upscaling, standards conversion, noise reduction etc. Codes for these topics are also assigned as necessary.|
W03-A11M3|Current|(2012-    )|TV receiver memory for on-screen display and image manipulation||This code replaces W03-A13A and covers the use of memory in a TV receiver in 'image manipulation' applications as covered by W03-A13 codes, such as picture-in-picture, freeze-frame, zoom etc. and also on-screen display (OSD). Where the use of memory is specific to a particular type of image manipulation the corresponding W03-A13 code is also assigned, e.g. W03-A13B for PIP.|
W03-A11M5|Current|(2012-    )|TV receiver memory for text display and subtitles||This code replaces W03-A10E and covers the use of memory in a TV receiver in text or subtitle applications as covered by W03-A10 codes, such as teletext, MHEG text, or closed caption display. W03-A10 codes are also assigned as necessary to provide more information, e.g. W03-A10G is also assigned for inventions specific to the presentation of closed caption information.|Buffer, page memory
W03-A11M7|Current|(2012-    )|Novel memory and memory circuits for TV receivers||This code covers novel memory and memory circuits and as such is likely to be assigned for inventions which are also assigned U14-A codes for memories and/or T01-H01 codes for use of memory in a computing context. W03-A11M7 is intended to indicate application to TV receivers (when specific) for novel memories or memory circuits.|
W03-A11M9|Current|(2012-    )|Other TV receiver memory aspects|||
W03-A11X|Current|(1992-    )|HDTV/dual standard details - other||Includes multiple analogue standard reception. Receivers for both digital and analogue reception are coded in W03-A11G1.|
W03-A12|Current|(1987-    )|Stereoscopic, stereophonic sound receiver|W03-A20||
W03-A12A|Current|(1992-    )|Stereoscopic and three-dimensional display TV receiver||Covers all aspects of stereoscopic and autostereoscopic TV receivers, such as decoding circuitry and display aspects (see W03-A08 codes also, e.g. W03-A08E7C for LC shutter spectacles) including 3-dimensional displays. For autostereoscopic displays and displays which can present different programme images when viewed from different angles based on optical gratings, grids and the like placed in front of a display panel search with W03-A08E8 (from 2014). |Left, right, image, shutter synchronization 
W03-A12B|Current|(1992-    )|Stereophonic TV receiver|||Left, right, bilingual sound, separate/second audio programme, SAP, NICAM
W03-A12B1|Current|(1992-    )|Stereophonic decoder||See W03-A03C1 also. (Coded in U23-P05 also).|
W03-A12B1A|Current|(1997-    )|With separate sound channel||Covers arrangements enabling output of audio signals in different language. TV transmission systems of this type are covered by W02-F06B5.|Separate audio programme, SAP, bilingual
W03-A12B3|Current|(2005-    )|Surround sound aspects||This code is used with W03-A12B1 or W03-A12B5 as appropriate. General aspects of surround sound systems are covered by W04-R01C5.|
W03-A12B5|Current|(1992-    )|Audio aspects||Includes amplifiers, loudspeaker systems, etc. Search with W03-A15 codes.|
W03-A13|Current|(1987-    )|Picture-in-picture, image manipulation, EPG and OSD|W03-A20|From 2012 the title of this code has been changed to reflect the transfer of memory circuits to W03-A11M codes (from W03-A13A). W03-A13 codes cover special display modes under control of the viewer, including picture-in-picture, freeze frame, zooming and image manipulation. Special effect generation for general video applications, including its use in TV studio equipment, is covered by W04-N05C codes. On-screen display forming part of teletext information is covered by W03-A10 codes (see note for W03-A13G). |
W03-A13A|Retired|(1992-2011)|Memory circuitry and control*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2012 this subject matter will be covered by W03-A11M3. W03-A13A remains valid and searchable for records between 1992 and 2011 when it was assigned for memory aspects of functions described by W03-A13 codes only, such as PIP or OSD applications, and included novel memory itself and memory addressing. Memory circuits and applications specific to digital and high definition TV receivers, such as memory used in standards conversion or decoding, are covered by W03-A11M1 from 2012. Memory circuits specifically for VBI and digital text reception (e.g. to increase apparent retrieval rate) are coded in W03-A11M5 from 2012. Frame stores for general video applications are covered by W04-P01C codes and the use of memory in video recording signal processing by W04-F01M codes.|
W03-A13B|Current|(1992-    )|Picture-in-picture display function||Includes picture-outside-picture arrangements. For display of inset picture of different aspect ratio and/or standard, search with W03-A11B1A. Picture inlay for TV special effects in general is covered by W04-N05C5.|PIP, POP
W03-A13B1|Current|(1992-    )|Displaying external video source in sub-image||See W03-A18C also for peripheral connection aspects.|Peripheral, CCTV, monitor, security, video, intercom, door-phone, entry
W03-A13C|Current|(1992-    )|Still-picture display facility||Includes 'freeze-frame' facility. For use to hold picture during low S-N conditions search with W02-G03B1.|Hold, action, video, squelch
W03-A13E|Current|(1997-    )|Zoom facility and image manipulation||The title of this code has been expanded to reflect the previous inclusion of image manipulation, for which W03-A13X was also assigned as appropriate and W04-N05C codes for inventions of wider application. The code has also been subdivided to separate image zooming and manipulation when the distinction can be made. Image manipulation in general, and for TV studio special effects, is covered by W04-N05C3 codes and in T01-J10B3A when computer processing aspects are emphasised.|
W03-A13E1|Current|(2005-    )|Zoom facility||Covers zooming to enlarge displayed image, or a portion of it. Other special effects such as re-positioning, rotating, and altering the shape of the picture are covered by W03-A13E5.|
W03-A13E5|Current|(2005-    )|Image manipulation||Covers use of special effects such as resizing, re-positioning and altering shape of picture. Zooming is covered by W03-A13E1. Prior to 2005 image manipulation was covered by W03-A13E and/or W03-A13X as appropriate, depending on novel aspects.|
W03-A13G|Current|(1992-    )|General on-screen display||From 2006 character generation aspects are covered by W03-A10C codes.|Digit, pattern, ramp, monitoring, self-test
W03-A13J|Current|(2002-    )|Electronic programme guide systems|W03-A13G, W03-A16C5E|This code is regarded as the main one for EPG aspects in receivers and set top boxes. See W03-A13G also for specific OSD aspects of programme guide systems in TV receivers (this code was used more generally for this topic prior to 2002). Interactive aspects of guide systems will continue to be assigned W03-A16C5E as appropriate. Systems or 'head-end' aspects are covered by W02-F10E5. Display of program guide information in radio receivers is covered by W03-B01C.|
W03-A13X|Current|(1992-    )|Picture-in-picture, memory circuits, OSD - other|||
W03-A15|Current|(1992-    )|Audio system aspects|W03-A20|Includes loudspeakers, audio amplifier, and connection to e.g. external HiFi system (with W03-A18C). Search with W03-G05C5A for cordless headphone arrangements. (Prior to 199701, see W03-A15, W03-A18C, and W03-G05).|
W03-A15A|Current|(1992-    )|Audio amplifiers, volume and tone control|W03-A20||
W03-A15C|Current|(1992-    )|Loudspeakers and loudspeaker enclosures|W03-A20|See also V06-A codes for loudspeakers per se, and V06-G/W04-S01 codes for enclosures of general application. (Prior to 199201, W04-S was assigned even for self-contained enclosure aspects). From 2005, wireless loudspeaker systems are also assigned W03-G05C5C.|
W03-A16|Current|(1992-    )|Ancillary equipment for cable, satellite or subscription TV|W03-A20|This code mainly covers equipment external to actual receiver e.g. decoders or converters. (Converter RF circuitry is covered by W03-A01 codes). Search with W02-F03A or W02-F05A codes for wider cable/subscription aspects.|
W03-A16A|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite TV|W03-A20|Search with W02-B codes for aerial aspects, and W03-A16C3 codes for security and decoding. Satellite TV transmission systems are covered by W02-F06A.|
W03-A16C|Current|(1992-    )|Cable and subscription TV|W03-A20|Systems aspects of cable, interactive and satellite TV (i.e. broadcast infrastructure) are covered by W02-F codes.|
W03-A16C1|Current|(1997-    )|Cable system hardware and construction||The title of this code has been changed to better reflect its coverage. From 2005, cable TV set-top box aspects are highlighted by co-assignment of W03-A16E. Prior to 2005, W03-A16C1 was used more generally for set-top box details.|
W03-A16C3|Current|(1997-    )|Security and decoding aspects||See also W02-F05A1 codes for secrecy/scrambling aspects of TV systems in general.|
W03-A16C3A|Current|(1997-    )|Descrambling circuitry||Also coded in W02-F05A1B.|
W03-A16C3C|Current|(1997-    )|Access control, including card systems||Includes smart cards used to authorise decoding of encrypted broadcast. Access control details relating to e.g. cable head-end are covered by W02-F05A1 codes and W02-F10N3.|
W03-A16C5|Current|(1997-    )|Interactive TV aspects||Covers details of (subscriber) systems interacting with rest of two-way network, e.g. to request a programme, carry out a transaction, etc.|
W03-A16C5A|Current|(1997-    )|For video-on-demand system||Includes pay-per-view systems for temporarily increasing access rights, and arrangements enabling viewer to influence sequence of events within programme. For systems involving selection of predominantly non-video programme material W03-A16C5C takes precedence.|
W03-A16C5C|Current|(1997-    )|For non-video entertainment system||The title of this code has been changed to reflect its actual coverage of audio-based on-demand receiving systems. As before, it includes remote access of entertainment library systems, e.g. of 'pay-per-play' type, using an interactive TV installation or other equipment as an interface.|
W03-A16C5E|Current|(1997-    )|For access to information system||This code covers interactive aspects of programme guide systems in receivers, which from 2002 are covered for all aspects by W03-A13J. Prior to 2002, W03-A16C5E was also used for aspects of internet access (now W03-A16C5K).|
W03-A16C5G|Current|(1997-    )|For game playing, virtual reality or karaoke||In 2006 the title of this code was amended to reflect its coverage (since 1997) of virtual reality and karaoke interactive broadcast reception in addition to game playing. Video games in general are covered by W04-X02C and virtual reality in general is covered by T01-J40 codes and W04-W07E codes).|
W03-A16C5H|Current|(2005-    )|For access to multimedia system|||
W03-A16C5J|Current|(1997-    )|For access to financial network||Includes use of TV receiver for online banking or purchasing goods, including 'TV commerce'. Systems involving use of the internet are also assigned W03-A16C5K.|
W03-A16C5K|Current|(2002-    )|For access to internet and receiving internet broadcasts, including 'Smart TV'|T01-H07C5E, W01-A07B7, W03-A16C5E|This code covers arrangements for internet access as a facility of an interactive broadcast system, and also reception of content on an interactive basis over the internet, such as internet TV, which is also assigned W03-A16C5A.|IPTV, streaming
W03-A16C5X|Current|(1997-    )|For interfacing with other systems|||
W03-A16E|Current|(2005-    )|Set top box||This code is used with others as necessary to highlight specific applications, e.g. with W03-A11G for a set-top box DVB receiver, with W03-A16A for a satellite TV receiver, and with W03-A16C1 for a cable TV receiver.|
W03-A16E1|Current|(2005-    )|Personal video recorder||Covers personal video recorder aspects that relate to receiver, e.g. programming recording using programme guide. This code is used in conjunction with W04 codes, e.g. W04-B14C3 for hard disc recorders, and other W03 codes to denote novel aspects as appropriate.|PVR, TIVO, ReplayTV, SonicBlue, Digital Video Recorder, DVR
W03-A16G|Current|(2006-    )|Local storage of commercial messages||Production of and arrangements for displaying commercial messages for TV are also covered in W05-E03C. Local storage of AV content in home networks is covered by W03-G05C1A (from 2013) which can also be assigned with W03-A16G when locally-stored TV commercials are accessible over a home network.|
W03-A18|Current|(1992-    )|General control and peripheral connection systems|W03-A20||
W03-A18A|Current|(1992-    )|General aspects of receiver control and monitoring|W03-A20|Includes self-checking systems. For microprocessor control aspects, see T01-J08A. Arrangements specific to remote control, not involving overall control aspects, are assigned in W03-A02C codes only.|Function display, time programming
W03-A18A1|Current|(1992-    )|Testing/monitoring with external equipment|W03-A20|This code covers any aspect of testing or monitoring of TV receivers or video displays using external equipment, including production line testing or testing subsequently for e.g. fault-finding or repair. Self-testing or self-monitoring arrangements are covered by W03-A18A2.|
W03-A18A2|Current|(2006-    )|Self-testing, monitoring and calibration of TV receiver||This code covers control aspects within the receiver itself for test and diagnosis and also internal calibration. Testing or monitoring of TV receivers and video displays using external equipment is covered by W03-A18A1.|
W03-A18A3|Current|(1997-    )|Preventing viewing below minimum distance||See also S03-C, W06-A02, W06-A05, and W06-A06 codes for detection system details. From 2010 the scope of this code is enlarged to include determination of viewer direction or location. Arrangements for orienting a receiver or display based on this determination are also assigned W03-A18A9. Viewer or user identification is covered by W03-A18A6.|
W03-A18A5|Current|(1997-    )|Time programming, channel control and programme guide control||Covers use of programme guide to present suitable channels for viewing to user. Note that the 'time programming' referred to for this code, W03-A18A5A and W03-A18A5C relates to programming of the TV receiver itself, e.g. to switch-on and tune to a desired channel at a particular time, and not programming of recording, which is covered by W04-E04C codes in conjunction with the appropriate W04-B, W04-C and/or W04-F codes.|
W03-A18A5A|Current|(2002-    )|Time programming with manual input|||
W03-A18A5C|Current|(2002-    )|Time programming, channel and programme guide control with learning function||This code covers automatic time programming arrangements based on learned user preferences, e.g. through monitoring of manual time programming operations or manual channel selection. For analogous arrangements for programming of video recorders see W04-E04C7 along with other relevant W04 recording equipment codes.|Suggester
W03-A18A5G|Current|(2006-    )|Detecting commercial messages||Includes arrangements to change channels when commercials are detected. Video recorder-based systems for preventing recording of commercial messages are covered by W04-E04C5C, and for overriding of this feature by W04-E04C5E.|
W03-A18A5J|Current|(2007-    )|Detecting emergency broadcast messages||Includes arrangements to change channels or switch on TV receiver when emergency broadcast messages are detected. See W02-F05D for transmission of emergency TV broadcasts and W05-B08 codes which are assigned for all aspects of emergency broadcasts and disaster warning alarms. Emergency broadcast radio receivers are covered by W03-B08C7.|Adverse weather, avalanche, bush fire, earthquake, eruption, flooding, forest fire, hurricane, landslide, landslip, mudslide, terrorist attack, tidal wave, tornado, tsunami, typhoon, volcano
W03-A18A6|Current|(2005-    )|Identifying user||Covers arrangements to control presented programme content or settings, e.g. brightness, volume, according to individual user. Use in conjunction with W03-A18A7 for arrangements to identify child user and prevent access to certain programming content. Recognition based on biometrics such as fingerprint, palm-print, and similar parameters is also assigned S05-D01C5A, and that based on voice recognition by W04-V04A3.|
W03-A18A7|Current|(1997-    )|Security and child-lock systems|||V-chip
W03-A18A8|Current|(2005-    )|Program control aspects, software updating methods||T01-F codes (computer program control) are also assigned as necessary.|
W03-A18A8A|Current|(2010-    )|Software updating||This code covers arrangements for downloading or otherwise inputting data to modify the program controlling operation of a TV receiver or analogous equipment.|OTA, over the air
W03-A18A9|Current|(1997-    )|Other TV receiver general control|||
W03-A18C|Current|(1992-    )|Peripheral connection system|W03-A20|Includes SCART socket per se and details of interconnection with any external equipment.|Euroconnector, peritelevision, interface, RGB, direct video, baseband
W03-A18C1|Current|(2005-    )|Interfacing hardware||Includes cables, connectors, and other hardware aspects.|
W03-A18C5|Current|(2005-    )|Interfacing with other systems|||
W03-A18C5A|Current|(2005-    )|Interfacing with stand-alone systems|||
W03-A18C5C|Current|(2005-    )|Interfacing with local network||W03-G05C1 (for general AV bus systems) is also assigned as necessary, and significant network aspects are also covered by W01-A06 codes, especially W01-A06B5A.|
W03-A18R|Current|(2007-    )|Audience research aspects||Search in conjunction with W03-A18A6 for monitoring viewing of a particular user. Previously coded in W03-A18A1 for devices separate to subscriber equipment itself, along with W02-F04B for system aspects of audience research.|
W03-A19|Current|(2006-    )|Manufacturing, recycling and packaging of TV receiver||See W03-G10 codes for manufacture, recycling and packaging of general audio/video equipment.|
W03-A19A|Current|(2006-    )|Manufacturing TV receiver||Includes assembly of component parts into TV receiver. Manufacture of displays and other TV receiver components is covered in V05, U14 etc. as appropriate, along with relevant W03 codes.|
W03-A19C|Current|(2006-    )|Recycling TV receiver||Recycling of CRTs themselves is not included, being covered by V05-L05D1B and V05-L07E6 (these codes relating especially to tube manufacture).|
W03-A19G|Current|(2006-    )|Packaging TV receiver|||
W03-A20|Current||TV receivers - other||Includes antenna details.|Antenna, input isolation, packing, carton, recycling, scrapping
W03-A21|Current|(2007-    )|Video display for non-TV receiver application||This code is only assigned in conjunction with other W03-A codes used to indicate novel aspects of video displays that are analogous to TV receivers but are intended for other applications. For example, a display for radar equipment (also W06-A04C) with a novel gamma control circuit would be assigned W03-A04A and W03-A21. Note that video displays that are suitable for other applications and for TV receivers are not assigned.W03-A21.|
W03-B|Current||Broadcast radio receivers||Communications receivers and general receiver circuitry are covered by W02-G03 codes, TV receivers by W03-A codes. Where noise reduction aspects of broadcast receivers are involved, W02-G03B codes are also assigned.|
W03-B01|Current||Tuners; tuning displays|||RF amplifier, mixer, local oscillator, synthesiser tuning, step tuning, continuos tuning, variable capacitance, permeability, tracking, pushbutton tuner, tuning scale, digital display
W03-B01A|Current|(1992-    )|RF tuner circuitry and construction|||
W03-B01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Tuned circuits, input filters||See U25.|
W03-B01A3|Current|(1992-    )|RF amplifier||Novel RF amplifier details are also assigned U24-G01D and other relevant amplifier codes. From 2006, RF AGC is covered by W03-B02A3, previously coded as W03-B01A3 and W03-B02A. Amplifiers external to the receiver itself are covered by W02-B08C5 codes.|
W03-B01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Mixer||Novel mixer details are also assigned U23-J01 codes.|
W03-B01A6|Old|(2002-2005)|Direct conversion broadcast receiver||These codes are used, in conjunction with other W03-B01A codes as necessary, to represent receivers of homodyne, synchrodyne, 'zero-IF', or 'low-IF' type. Arrangements for suppression of offsets at the output of the mixer are also assigned W02-G03B4G. Direct digital conversion (DDC) in digital architecture broadcast receivers is not included here, being covered by W03-B07E. Direct conversion communications receivers are covered by W02-G03A8 codes and TV receivers of this type by W03-A01B6 codes.|
W03-B01A6|Current|(2002-    )|Direct conversion and low-IF receivers||In 2006 the title of this code was amended to better describer the inclusion of 'low-IF' receivers as well as 'direct conversion' types. The subdivisions of this code are used, in conjunction with other W03-B01A codes as necessary, to represent receivers of homodyne, synchrodyne, 'zero-IF', or 'low-IF' type. Arrangements for suppression of offsets at the output of the mixer are also assigned W02-G03B4G. Direct digital conversion (DDC) in digital architecture broadcast receivers is not included here, being covered by W03-B07E. Direct conversion communications receivers are covered by W02-G03A8 codes and TV receivers of this type by W03-A01B6 codes.|
W03-B01A6A|Current|(2006-    )|Zero-IF receivers||This code is intended for direct conversion schemes in which the baseband information is centred on zero frequency.|
W03-B01A6C|Current|(2006-    )|Low-IF receivers||This code is intended for direct conversion schemes in which the baseband information is centred on a low frequency, e.g. of the same order as the baseband bandwidth itself.|
W03-B01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Local oscillator||See U23-A codes also for oscillator circuits.|
W03-B01A8|Current|(1997-    )|Tuner constructional details|W03-B01A9, W03-B05B|Covers construction of tuner per se, general internal constructional details of receiver being covered by W03-B05B, which was previously assigned in addition to W03-B01A9 to indicate the construction aspect. From 199701, W03-B05B has only been used for details affecting the design of the receiver, such as mountings, etc.|
W03-B01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Other tuner circuitry||Includes non-superheterodyne tuners.|TRF, homodyne
W03-B01B|Current|(1992-    )|Band scanning, synthesiser tuning, AFC||See also U25-J01 codes for band scanning, U25-J05 for AFC, U23-D01B codes for PLL synthesisers, and U23-F01 codes for 'direct types'.|
W03-B01B1|Current|(1997-    )|Channel-storing arrangements|||
W03-B01B1A|Current|(1997-    )|Based on stations receivable off-air|||Signal strength, level
W03-B01B1C|Current|(1997-    )|Based on channel listing||Includes use of information derived from RDS signals (search with W03-B08 for this aspect). Prior to 199701 see W03-B01B and W03-B02C5.|Alternative frequency, AF, program identification, PI
W03-B01B1E|Current|(1997-    )|Based on determined location||Covers use of position information, e.g. input manually, or derived from navigation system data. Search with W06-A03A5 codes for use of GPS.|
W03-B01B1G|Current|(2006-    )|User control of channel storage||Includes re-ordering stored channels, deleting channels, forming 'favorites' lists and the like.|
W03-B01B3|Current|(2007-    )|Channel switching arrangements|||
W03-B01B5|Current|(1997-    )|Frequency control system per se|||
W03-B01C|Current|(1992-    )|Tuning and related displays||Includes scales, illumination etc., and digital read-out of received frequency. The use only of the tuning display to present other information is also included, e.g. for RDS or radio text (also assigned W03-B08 codes) or for DAB program guide (EPG) aspects (also assigned W03-B06). From 2011 novel aspects of broadcast radio receiver program guide reception and data handling are covered by W03-B08C5. (For EPG in TV receivers see W03-A13J).|
W03-B01D|Current|(2008-    )|Multiple tuner aspects||This code is assigned with other W03-B codes as appropriate and is intended to highlight the use of two or more tuners in a broadcast radio receiver. For novel tuner circuitry W03-B01A codes are also assigned and for novel frequency or channel control aspects W03-A02A or W03-A02B codes. For use in connection with PIP or POP display W03-A13B is also assigned.|Dual
W03-B02|Current||IF amplifiers; detectors; stereo decoders|||
W03-B02A|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic gain control||Prior to 2006 this code was used with W03-B01A3 for RF AGC and W03-B02B for IF AGC. These topics are now covered solely by the subdivisions below.|IF, RF, AGC
W03-B02A1|Current|(2006-    )|Novel AGC characteristic||Covers delayed AGC, or other specific characteristic. See U24-C01C1 for signal processing aspects to obtain a particular AGC characteristic.|
W03-B02A3|Current|(2006-    )|RF AGC||Prior to 2006 this topic was covered by W03-B01A3 and W03-B02A.|
W03-B02A5|Current|(2006-    )|IF AGC||Prior to 2006 this topic was covered by W03-B02A and W03-B02B.|
W03-B02A9|Current|(2006-    )|Other TV receiver AGC aspects|||
W03-B02B|Old|(1992-2005)|IF amplifier||From 2006, W03-B02B5 is introduced to separately highlight IF amplifiers, and IF AGC is covered by W03-B02A5 (previously coded as W03-B02A and W03-B02B).|
W03-B02B|Current|(1992-    )|Broadcast receiver IF system||From 2006, W03-B02B5 is introduced to separately highlight IF amplifiers, and IF AGC is covered by W03-B02A5 (previously coded as W03-B02A and W03-B02B).|
W03-B02B1|Current|(1992-    )|IF filter||See U25 codes for LC and active filters. Crystal, SAW, and ceramic filters are also coded in V06 (and U14-G for SAW devices).|
W03-B02B5|Current|(2006-    )|IF amplifier||Novel IF amplifier details are also assigned U24-G01D and other relevant amplifier codes. From 2006, IF AGC is covered by W03-B02A5, previously coded as W03-B02A and W03-B02B.|
W03-B02C|Current|(1992-    )|Demodulators, decoders|||
W03-B02C1|Current|(1992-    )|AM/FM demodulators||See U23 codes for demodulator circuits also.|
W03-B02C3|Current|(1992-    )|Stereophonic decoders and stereo separation control||From 2006 the title of this code is expanded to distinguish novel stereo decoders and automatic control of separation, e.g. by blending, whether performed within the decoder or in a subsequent stage. Where noise reduction is involved W02-G03B codes are also assigned.|Phase-lock loop, PLL, pilot tone detector, matrix circuit
W03-B02C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic stereo switching and stereo separation control||This code covers switching between stereo and mono modes, e.g. in response to low signal strength, and automatic control of separation, e.g. by blending, whether performed within the decoder or in a subsequent stage including audio amplifiers. Receiver noise reduction aspects are also assigned W02-G03B codes, e.g. W02-G03B8.|Separation control, mixing
W03-B02C3C|Current|(2006-    )|Novel stereophonic decoder||U23-P05 is also assigned.|
W03-B02C5|Current|(1992-    )|Decoder for additional information||Includes decoder e.g. for RDS signals, which is also assigned W03-B08 (assigned for all aspects of RDS and similar-system receivers). Prior to 199701, W03-B02C5 codes were used for inventions involving RDS-type decoders and their use in a broad sense. From 1997 only inventions strictly relating to the decoder per se and its operation have been coded in W03-B02C5. In all other cases, W03-B08 is assigned, together with other W03-B codes as appropriate.|Radio data system, station ID, traffic information, ARI, radio teletext
W03-B02C5A|Retired|(1992-2005)|With storage function*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2006 this code is no longer assigned, the subject matter being transferred to W03-B08A1. W03-B02C5A remains valid for records prior to 2006, when it was assigned for arrangements to store received bulletins and the like, whether the storage facility was part of the decoder or external to it, additional codes in W04 being also applied depending on storage technology, such as W04-B12 codes for magnetic tape based storage, and W04-G01B codes for storage of audio information in e.g. RAM.|
W03-B03|Current||Car radios||Used in conjunction with other W03-B codes for specific features. For aerial preamplifiers search with W02-B08C5. (Previously coded in W02-B09, W03-B01 and W03-B03). In-car entertainment systems are covered by W03-G08 and systems including car radios in which the radio is not itself linked with the novel aspect are not assigned W03-B03.|Traffic information detector, diversity receiver, antitheft system
W03-B03A|Current|(1992-    )|Antitheft arrangements||Includes mechanical aspects such as removable fascias, W03-B05 codes (for constructional details) being assigned as necessary.|
W03-B03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Electronic||Includes radio forming part of vehicle alarm system which is also coded in X22-D and W05-B01 codes. Also coded in X22-X03 for general antitheft measures. For 'password' aspects search with T01-J08A and T01-J12C.|
W03-B04|Current|(1992-    )|Audio amplifier and audio circuitry||This code covers audio stages of a broadcast radio receiver and includes details of audio amplifiers and associated circuitry, such as volume and tone controls, auxiliary inputs, and muting arrangements when used with W02-G03B1. Novel amplifier muting circuits are also coded in U24-C05C and gain control in general by U24-C codes. Audio amplifiers in general are covered by W03-C01 codes, and amplifiers in general by U24-G codes. These codes are also assigned as appropriate along with other W03-C codes such as W03-C03C for volume control and W03-C05 codes for tone control and equalizers.|
W03-B05|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details|W03-B09|Constructional details of electronic equipment in general are covered by V04-S and V04-T codes.|
W03-B05A|Current|(1992-    )|Casing, housing, mounting kit|W03-B09||Cabinet, sleeve, escutcheon, bracket, support
W03-B05B|Current|(1992-    )|Internal construction|W03-B09|Includes e.g. PCB or component mounting, etc.|
W03-B06|Current|(2002-    )|Receiver for digital broadcasts|W02-K07C, W03-B09|These codes are intended for receivers of digital radio broadcast signals. From 2012 W03-B06E is introduced for terrestrial digital broadcast radio receivers for DAB, DRM, and analogous systems. Systems aspects of DAB are covered by W02-D05C1 and W02-K07C for the OFDM aspect. Receivers employing digital architecture - for analogue or digital broadcast reception - are covered by W03-B07 codes, which may be assigned as well for digital broadcast receivers with digital architecture.|Digital audio broadcast, digital radio monodiale, digital AM, QAM
W03-B06A|Current|(2002-    )|Satellite radio broadcast receiver|W03-A16A, W03-B09|Prior to 2002 satellite receivers were assigned W03-A16A as well as W03-B09. W03-A16A will continue to be used for satellite radio reception from 'TV' satellites, but from 2002 will not be used for 'pure' radio satellite reception. Systems aspects of satellite radio are covered by W02-D05A and satellite TV by W02-F06A.|
W03-B06C|Current|(2002-    )|Internet broadcast receiver|T01-H07C5E, W01-A07B7, W03-B09|This code is intended for 'internet radio' receiving arrangements, which may be part of a receiver, accessory equipment, or wholly contained within a PC as hardware or software.|
W03-B06E|Current|(2012-    )|Terrestrial digital broadcast radio receiver||This code covers receivers of digital radio broadcasts from terrestrial transmitters, such as digital audio broadcast (DAB) or digital radio mondiale (DRM) receivers. Note that 'DRM' in the sense of 'digital rights management' is not included and is covered by W03-B06J. Prior to 2012 W03-B06 was assigned for terrestrial digital radio broadcast receivers. Receivers for digital satellite radio are covered by W03-B06A. |
W03-B06E1|Current|(2012-    )|Terrestrial digital broadcast radio receiver with analog reception capability||This code covers receivers of digital radio broadcasts from terrestrial transmitters, such as DAB or DRM, which are also capable of receiving analog broadcasts, e.g. in AM or FM bands. TV receivers capable of receiving analog and digital broadcasts are covered by W03-A11G1.|
W03-B06J|Current|(2012-    )|Digital rights management, copy protection and access control||This code covers digital rights management aspects of digital sound broadcast receivers, including copy protection and access-restriction. Note that when these topics arise in interactive systems, e.g. 'audio on demand', W03-A16C3 codes take precedence and are assigned instead of W03-B06J (with W03-A16C5C in the case of audio-based systems).|
W03-B07|Current|(2002-    )|Digital and hybrid broadcast receiver architecture|W03-B09|This code is assigned for receivers - of signals with analogue or digital modulation - which are implemented using DSP techniques in whole or in part. The codes are used in conjunction with other W03-B codes as necessary where there are direct equivalents in analogue receivers, in particular for RF amplifiers, oscillators, IF stages and demodulators. Corresponding digital techniques for communications and TV receivers are covered by W02-G03K and W03-A11K codes. Receivers for digital broadcasts, such as DAB, are covered by W03-B06 codes, and may also be assigned W03-B07 codes if the receiver itself employs a digital, or part digital, architecture.|
W03-B07A|Current|(2002-    )|Characterised by usage of DSP|W03-B09|These codes are used to distinguish between different levels of DSP being applied to the signal path in the receiver. As such, they do not normally represent novel digital processing aspects, which are conveyed by use of other W03-B07 codes. DSP in general is covered by T01-J08A2, T01-J08B and U22-G codes depending on specific aspects.|
W03-B07A1|Current|(2002-    )|With baseband digital signal processing only|W03-B09|This code covers receivers with a digital signal processing path after the conversion to baseband.|
W03-B07A3|Current|(2002-    )|With baseband and IF digital signal processing only|W03-B09|This code covers receivers with DSP in IF, demodulator, and baseband stages.|
W03-B07A5|Current|(2002-    )|With digitising of RF spectrum|W03-B09|This code covers receivers with digitising of the whole signal processing path, except for the possible use of analogue RF amplifiers.|
W03-B07A9|Current|(2002-    )|Other use of DSP in digital broadcast radio receivers|W03-B09||
W03-B07C|Current|(2002-    )|AD conversion||Novel aspects of AD converters and AD conversion are covered by U21-A03 codes.|
W03-B07E|Current|(2002-    )|Digital mixing and direct digital conversion|W03-B09||DDC
W03-B07G|Current|(2002-    )|Filtering|W03-B09|Novel digital filters are also assigned U22-G01 codes, and T01-J08B when the emphasis is on computing aspects.|
W03-B07J|Current|(2006-    )|Transform implementation||DSP-based transform implementation is covered by U22-G03E1A and computer data processing aspects in general by T01-J04B1.|
W03-B07L|Current|(2006-    )|DA conversion||Novel aspects of DA converters and DA conversion are covered by U21-A02 codes.|
W03-B07X|Current|(2002-    )|Other digital broadcast radio receiver aspects|W03-B09||
W03-B08|Current|(1997-    )|Receiving additional information|W03-B02C5, W03-B09|From 2011 the title of this code has been changed and its scope expanded to include arrangements for receiving 'additional information' such as text and electronic program guide (EPG) information transmitted with digital audio broadcast (DAB) signals, RDS information and emergency broadcast messages. Between 1997 and 2010 this code was used for all aspects of receivers for RDS and similar text-based systems with W03-B02C5 codes being assigned for inventions involving RDS-type decoders. Before 1997 W03-B02C5 was assigned in a broader sense to indicate receivers for RDS and similar systems. In all cases other W03-B codes are also assigned as appropriate.|
W03-B08A|Current|(2006-    )|Storage for additional information and programme content||This code, which replaced W03-B02C5A in 2006, is intended for buffer storage of either additional information (as defined above) for subsequent replay, or programme content, e.g. content missed by the reproduction of a traffic message, or due to channel changing. W03-B08A1 and W03-B08A5 indicate what is stored while W03-B08A7 is assigned when the storage arrangement itself is novel. The storage of messages or content may occur within the broadcast receiver, or within external equipment which is connected to it. For both of the specific subdivisions below, W04 codes are also assigned as appropriate for the technology used to store the information. Full-scale recording within a receiver e.g. of an extended section of a broadcast program, is not included, and is regarded as a 'radio-recorder' combination and covered by W03-B codes, W03-G03A and W04 codes as appropriate.|
W03-B08A1|Current|(2006-    )|Storage for additional information||Covers arrangements for storing traffic bulletins (e.g. TMC announcements, emergency broadcasts, or other information) in text, audio or other form, for replay as desired.|
W03-B08A5|Current|(2006-    )|Storage for programme content||Covers arrangements for storing a limited amount of program content. Includes arrangement for storing e.g. the part of a radio program interrupted by a traffic announcement in RDS or similar systems, so that listening can resume from the time of the interruption. The content stored may be a radio programme received by the broadcast receiver itself, or external sources such as a CD or DVD player, a TV receiver, etc.|
W03-B08A7|Current|(2011-    )|Novel aspects of storage and memory||Covers novel arrangements such as memory circuits etc.|
W03-B08C|Current|(2011-    )|Characterised by type of additional information||These codes are assigned to indicate the type of additional information as it is received. W03-B08C8 is assigned to denote the conversion of the information into another form.|
W03-B08C1|Current|(2011-    )|Visual information||Program guide reception is covered by W03-B08C5 which takes precedence over W03-B08C1 codes as EPG information is assumed to be in the form of text and/or graphics unless other codes indicate another method of presenting it. Prior to 2011 W03-B01C was used to denote EPG presentation but from 2011 will only be assigned for novel display-related aspects.|
W03-B08C1A|Current|(2011-    )|Text|||
W03-B08C1C|Current|(2011-    )|Graphics, still images, moving images||This code covers the reception of still or moving images only as 'additional information' transmitted with a radio broadcast. Reception of normal TV signals is covered by W03-A codes and is not included here.|
W03-B08C3|Current|(2011-    )|Audio information||Includes reception of additional information in the form of spoken announcements.|
W03-B08C4|Current|(2012-    )|Weather information||This code covers reception of meteorological information. When disaster warning or emergency aspects are involved W03-B08C7 ('Emergency broadcasts') is also assigned. |
W03-B08C5|Current|(2011-    )|Program guide systems (EPG) and content descriptions||This code covers program guide information and also 'now playing' information describing e.g. a musical piece being played, or other associated information. This code takes precedence over W03-B08C1A, i.e. the information is assumed to be in text form unless other codes indicate another method of presenting it. EPG aspects of DAB receivers are indicated by assignment of W03-B06 also.|
W03-B08C6|Current|(2012-    )|Transport-related information||This code covers reception of information related to transport, including road traffic information concerning congestion. |
W03-B08C7|Current|(2011-    )|Emergency broadcasts||Codes indicating 'disaster-related' alarms in W05-B08 are also assigned as appropriate. Reception of emergency broadcast messages in TV receivers is covered by W03-A18A5J.|
W03-B08C8|Current|(2011-    )|Transforming information type||This code is used with other W03-B08C codes indicating the original form of additional information and denotes its conversion into another form, e.g. from text to audible form or vice versa. W04-V04A6 and W04-V04C1 are also respectively assigned for speech-to-text or text-to-speech conversion when necessary.|
W03-B08C9|Current|(2011-    )|Other additional information||This code is used with other W03-B08C codes indicating the original form of additional information and denotes its conversion into another form, e.g. from text to audible form or vice versa. W04-V04A6 and W04-V04C1 are also respectively assigned for speech-to-text or text-to-speech conversion when necessary.|
W03-B09|Current||Other broadcast radio receiver aspects||This code was used for digital receivers prior to 2002, now assigned W03-B07 codes, and for testing, control and interfacing aspects until 2010, which are now assigned W03-B10 codes.|Power supply
W03-B10|Current|(2010-    )|Broadcast radio receiver testing, control and interfacing|W02-C05B, W03-B|These codes cover testing of broadcast radio receivers and also control in a general sense, rather than control of a specific parameter as part of normal receiver operation.|
W03-B10A|Current|(2010-    )|Broadcast radio receiver testing|W02-C05B, W03-B|Testing of a specific part of a broadcast receiver is indicated by co-assignment of the appropriate W03-B code. Testing of broadcast radio systems is covered by W02-D04 codes.|
W03-B10A1|Current|(2010-    )|Broadcast radio receiver self-testing|W02-C05B, W03-B|Includes monitoring arrangements for detecting e.g. low battery or fault condition.|
W03-B10A5|Current|(2010-    )|Broadcast radio receiver testing using external equipment|W02-C05B, W03-B|Includes monitoring and testing using external test equipment, e.g. for production line testing or repair.|
W03-B10C|Current|(2010-    )|Broadcast radio receiver control|W03-B09|This code covers control of broadcast radio receivers in a general sense, and not control of a specific parameter as part of normal receiver operation, such as automatic frequency control (W03-B01B5) or automatic gain control (W03-B02A).|
W03-B10E|Current|(2010-    )|Broadcast radio receiver interfacing|W03-B09|This code covers arrangements for interfacing with broadcast radio receivers including hardware and software aspects. Interfacing with TV receivers is covered by W03-A18C codes and with AV equipment in general by W03-G05C codes.|
W03-B10R|Current|(2012-    )|Broadcast radio receiver audience research details||Broadcast system aspects of audience research are covered by W02-D04B. TV receiver audience research aspects are covered by W03-A18R.|
W03-B10X|Current|(2010-    )|Other broadcast radio receiver control and interfacing aspects|W03-B09||
W03-C|Current||Audio amplifiers; tone and volume control; balancing|||Monaural, stereophonic amplifier, preamplifier power amplifier, output stage
W03-C01|Current|(1992-    )|Audio amplifier per se||See U24-G codes for circuitry details.|
W03-C01A|Current|(1992-    )|Preamplifier||Also coded in U24-G01C.|
W03-C01C|Current|(1992-    )|Power amplifier||Also coded in U24-G01B1.|
W03-C01C1|Current|(2005-    )|Amplifier integrated with loudspeaker(s)||For wireless loudspeaker systems W03-G05C5C is also assigned.|Powered speaker
W03-C01G|Current|(2005-    )|Digital amplifier||Covers amplifiers generally of class-D type, for which U24-G01B1 and U24-G02E are assigned also.|
W03-C01G1|Current|(2005-    )|Digital input|||
W03-C01G3|Current|(2005-    )|Digital input and output|||
W03-C03|Current|(1992-    )|Volume and balance control|||
W03-C03A|Current|(1992-    )|Balance control||See W04-R01C codes also for stereophonic systems.|
W03-C03C|Current|(2005-    )|Volume control||U24-C codes are also assigned for novel aspects of automatic and manual gain control.|AGC
W03-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Tone controls and equalizers||See U25-F05 and U24-C05D codes for further circuit details.|Fader
W03-C05A|Current|(1992-    )|Tone controls|||
W03-C05C|Current|(1992-    )|Analogue equalizer circuits||This code includes analogue graphic equalizers. Prior to 1992, audio equalizing was also routinely coded in W04-G, which is now only assigned for general applications.|
W03-C05E|Current|(2005-    )|Digital EQ||U22-G codes are also assigned for details of digital filters and DSP.|
W03-C05E1|Current|(2005-    )|Adaptive EQ||Includes sensing and matching character of speakers. Adaptive digital filters are also assigned U22-G01A5 codes.|
W03-C07|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details||See V04-S and V04T codes also.|
W03-C09|Current|(1992-    )|Amplifier details - other|||
W03-G|Current|(1992-    )|General aspects of audio-video equipment|W03-X|Codes in this section are used for general aspects only, and not for instances for which a single specific code exists elsewhere (e.g. in W03 or W04).|
W03-G01|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details|W03-X||
W03-G01A|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details of equipment per se|W03-X||
W03-G01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Internal construction|W03-X||
W03-G01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Casings/housings|W03-X||Front panel, marking, legend
W03-G01C|Current|(1992-    )|Mountings, supports, stands|W03-X||
W03-G02|Current|(1992-    )|Power supplies|W03-X|See U24 codes also as appropriate.|
W03-G02A|Current|(2005-    )|Battery power supply|||
W03-G02A1|Current|(2005-    )|Battery per se||Novel details of batteries are covered by X16 codes.|
W03-G02A3|Current|(2005-    )|Battery supply circuitry|||
W03-G02A5|Current|(2005-    )|Battery charging|||
W03-G02C|Current|(2005-    )|Mains power supply|||
W03-G03|Current|(1992-    )|Combination equipment|W03-X||
W03-G03A|Current|(1992-    )|Contained in one housing|W03-X||Radio-cassette player, radio-TV receiver, clock-radio
W03-G03A1|Current|(2006-    )|Media centre PC and related equipment||This code is assigned for multimedia PC systems designed to perform the functions of several AV equipment units, e.g. TV set, CD/DVD recorder/player, radio receiver, etc. See also T01 codes for specific computing aspects, such as multimedia computer systems in T01-J30 codes.|
W03-G03C|Current|(1992-    )|Mountable in rack, interlocking appts.|W03-X||Stacked combination hi-fi system
W03-G03H|Current|(2007-    )|Home theatre equipment||Covers home theatre applications. Novel details of audio processing circuitry, surround sound and interfacing are assigned e.g. W03-C, W04-R and W03-G05C codes respectively.|
W03-G04|Current|(2006-    )|Portable AV equipment|||
W03-G05|Old|(1992-2005)|Remote control and interconnection|W03-X|From 2006 the title and scope of this code is expanded to include control and display aspects of AV equipment in general, these topics being respectively covered in W03-G05E and W03-G05G codes.|
W03-G05|Current|(2006-    )|Remote control, general control, general displays and interconnection|W03-X|From 2006 the title and scope of this code is expanded to include control and display aspects of AV equipment in general, these topics being respectively covered in W03-G05E and W03-G05G codes.|
W03-G05A|Current|(1992-    )|Remote control for audio video appts.|W03-X|Remote control specific to TV receivers is covered by W03-A02C codes, and for recording equipment by W04-E04A. W05-D codes cover remote control in general.|
W03-G05A1|Current|(1997-    )|Coding and transmission format|||
W03-G05A1A|Current|(1997-    )|Universal type remote controller||Includes 'learning' types.|
W03-G05A5|Current|(1997-    )|Combined with additional features||Includes combination with e.g. telephone (see W01-C codes also, e.g. W01-C05B5A, or W01-C01P codes), and remote audio or video display facility. Includes provision of dedicated display, e.g. for indicating control functions.|
W03-G05A6|Current|(2006-    )|In conjunction with on-screen display||This code includes the application of GUI techniques to control of AV equipment in general. When specific to remote control of a TV set W03-A02C5A is assigned instead.|
W03-G05A7|Current|(1997-    )|Locator system||Covers 'transponder' arrangement producing e.g. audible tone in response to signal emitted from main equipment.|
W03-G05A8|Current|(2009-    )|AV equipment remote control repeaters and extenders||This code covers arrangements for extending the range of remote control signals transmitted to AV equipment such as 'remote control extenders', usually based on repeaters. Novel aspects of repeaters are also assigned codes depending on technology, e.g. W02-C04A5 for optical repeaters and W02-G05C for radio types. Similar arrangements for applications other than remote control of AV equipment are covered by W05-D08R.|
W03-G05C|Current|(1997-    )|Interconnection of audio/video equipment||See also appropriate codes for communication system, e.g. W01-A06 codes for networks.|HAVI, Home Audio Video Interface
W03-G05C1|Current|(1997-    )|AV home network||Novel network aspects are also assigned W01-A06 codes.|DLNA, HANA, Universal Plug and Play, UPnP
W03-G05C1A|Current|(2013-    )|Networked media storage||Covers centralised storage of e.g. audio or video content that can be accessed over a home AV network. Novel recording equipment aspects are covered in T03 and W04 as appropriate. Remote servers for content storage in on-demand broadcast systems are not included and are covered by W02-F10K.|Home AV server, network drive
W03-G05C1C|Current|(2013-    )|Network communication aspects||Covers novel aspects of communication between AV equipment units over a home network. Novel aspects of network communication are also assigned W01-A06 codes. Home automation (HA) networks for control of heating, lighting and domestic appliances are covered by W05-D07A but that code may be assigned with W03-G05C1 when both AV equipment and other equipment in the home are connected to the same network.|
W03-G05C3|Current|(2012-    )|High definition multimedia interface (HDMI)||This code covers interfacing using high definition multimedia interface (HDMI) standard and is subdivided into novel aspects of HDMI (W03-G05C5A), such as circuitry, cables or connectors, and inventions where the use of HDMI is significant (W03-G05C5C).|
W03-G05C3A|Current|(2012-    )|Novel aspects of HDMI||This code covers novel aspects of HDMI, such as circuitry, cables or connectors. Specific details of the novelty are indicated by assignment of additional codes, e.g. W03-G07A for a novel HDMI cable.|
W03-G05C3C|Current|(2012-    )|Applications of HDMI||This code covers inventions where the use of HDMI is significant. It is not assigned in cases where a number of other types of interface are equally applicable.|
W03-G05C5|Current|(1997-    )|"Dedicated link" systems|||
W03-G05C5A|Current|(1997-    )|Cordless headphones|||
W03-G05C5C|Current|(2005-    )|Wireless speaker systems|||
W03-G05E|Current|(2006-    )|General AV equipment control||This code covers control systems of general application to AV equipment, but not remote control, which is covered by W03-G05A codes.|
W03-G05E1|Current|(2006-    )|Menu-based AV equipment control|||
W03-G05G|Current|(2006-    )|General AV equipment operation display||These codes are intended for display aspects applicable to AV equipment in general. For display aspects specific to TV sets and recording equipment see W03-A and W04-J03 codes respectively.|
W03-G05G1|Current|(2006-    )|Dedicated display for AV equipment||Dedicated displays forming part of recording and playback equipment are covered by W04-J03A.|
W03-G05G5|Current|(2006-    )|On-screen display for AV equipment||OSD generated within a TV set is covered by W03-A13G and within recording equipment by W04-J03C.|
W03-G06|Current|(2006-    )|AV equipment requiring operation with PC||Includes sound, TV and video recording/editing cards installed in PC or external devices with e.g. USB interface which operate using PC processor. See also T01 for computing aspects.|
W03-G07|Current|(1992-    )|Connectors, leads, plugs, sockets, components in general|W03-X||
W03-G07A|Current|(1992-    )|Leads and cables, connectors|W03-X||
W03-G07C|Current|(1992-    )|Components in general|W03-X||
W03-G08|Current|(1992-    )|AV equipment used in a vehicle||The title of this code has been changed to better reflect its actual use. W03-G08 includes in-car entertainment systems, for which X22-J13 is also assigned, and AV equipment used in any other kind of vehicle for which other codes are also assigned as appropriate, such as W06-B01C7 for aircraft in-flight entertainment. Specific W03 and W04 codes are also assigned depending on equipment type. Note that car radios with no other aspect are not included here and are covered by W03-B03 codes.|
W03-G09|Current|(1992-    )|General audio-video equipment aspects - other|W03-X|Prior to 200601 this code included recycling and packaging aspects. This topic is now covered in W03-G10.|
W03-G10|Current|(2006-    )|Manufacturing, recycling and packaging of AV equipment||Coves all general audio-video equipment, including recording equipment (see W04 for other aspects). Manufacturing, recycling and packaging specifically for TV receivers is covered in W03-A19. For manufacturing, recycling and packaging aspects of general electrical equipment see V04-X01 codes.|
W03-G10A|Current|(2006-    )|Manufacturing AV equipment|||
W03-G10C|Current|(2006-    )|Recycling AV equipment|||
W03-G10G|Current|(2006-    )|Packaging for AV equipment|||
W03-X|Current||TV and broadcast radio receivers - other|||
W04|Current||Audio/visual recording and systems||Prior to 2002 this class covered all aspects of audio/visual recording and reproduction (covered chiefly by W04-A to W04-L codes). Signal processing aspects were generally coded in W04 only while details of record carriers and head-carrier drive systems were coded in both T03 (Data recording) and W04. From 2002, with the exception of mechanical recording methods (W04-A), W04 will only cover applications, formatting, signal processing and constructional aspects specific to audio/visual recording. All carrier and mechanical aspects of recording and reproduction are coded in T03 only. Accordingly from 2002 a large number of codes in W04-B, W04-C, W04-D, W04-E, and W04-L have been discontinued. Additionally, from 2006 a number of general aspects of audio-video equipment are covered in W03-G, such as manufacturing, recycling and packaging in W03-G10 and portable equipment in W03-G04. As well as the above, W04 covers the following material:- (1) General audio signal processing and sound mixing (W04-G codes) (2) Video cameras, TV studio and special effects equipment (W04-M/N codes) (3) General video signal processing (W04-P codes) (4) Projection TV and analogous systems (W04-Q codes) (5) Stereophonic systems, loudspeaker enclosures, public address (W04-R/S/T codes) (6) Electronic musical instruments (W04-U codes) (7) Sound analysis, synthesis, speech coding, audio coding, and antiphase sound cancelling (W04-V codes) (8) Educational and sports equipment, games, amusements (W04-W/X codes) (9) Audio and video aspects of multimedia (10) Hearing aids (W04-Y codes). From 1997 W04-E20 codes were introduced to highlight recording equipment operating mode. These codes are intended to be used in conjunction with any other W04 code relating to recording, to indicate aspects such as time lapse, reverse playback, etc.|
W04-A|Current||Recording using mechanical methods|||Gramophone
W04-A01|Current||Record carriers; cleaning|||Brush, fluid, liquid, cleaning pad, anti-static 'gun', groove, vinyl
W04-A02|Current||Heads; record carrier positioning||See V06-B01 also for head details.|Pick-up, cartridge, magnetic, moving coil, piezoelectric, stylus, diamond, turntable, mat, motor drive, speed selector/control, autochanger
W04-A03|Current||Head positioning, i.e. tone arms|||Parallel, tangential, radial, tracking, cueing arm, raising, lowering, track selection
W04-A09|Current||Other recording using mechanical methods||Includes integral 'loudspeaker' cone for pre-recorded message reproduction in e.g. toy or warning device.|
W04-B|Current||Recording using magnetic record carriers||Prior to 2002 record carrier materials and carrier manufacture were not included, and were assigned T03-A codes only. From 2002 only applications, formatting, and signal processing aspects of audio/visual magnetic recording are included in W04-B.|Equalising
W04-B01|Current||Recording formats; re-recording||For recording format, emphasis is on physical disposition of tracks, see W04-F01 and W04-G01 for signal transformation aspects.|
W04-B01A|Current|(1992-    )|Recording formats|||Channel, helical, slant, slope, parallel, guard band, track
W04-B01C|Retired|(1992-2005)|Re-recording, anti-copying*||*This code is now discontinued. Since 2006 hardware aspects of anti-copying have been covered in T03-H07 while signal processing aspects are covered in W04-F01L.|
W04-B01C1|Retired|(1992-2005)|Preventing re-recording of signal*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-B01C1A|Retired|(1992-2005)|By signal modification or additional recorded data*||*This code is now discontinued.|Guard
W04-B01C3|Retired|(1992-2004)|Re-recording*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2005 all duplication for production of pre-recorded tapes or disks is covered in T03-B07B. See W04-H05A for dubbing.|Copy
W04-B02|Retired|(    -2001)|Audio/video heads and head cleaning*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter is assigned T03-A03 and T03-A04 codes only. The codes W04-B02A and W04-B02C remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002.|Core, gap, thin-film, ferromagnetic, ferrite, glass, coil
W04-B02A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Audio/video head*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 magnetic heads have been assigned T03-A03 codes only, and head manufacture has been covered by T03-A04A codes.|
W04-B02C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Cleaning and demagnetisation of heads*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002, search with T03-A04B codes to discriminate particular aspects e.g. T03-A04B1 for demagnetising (also coded in V02-D); T03-A04B3B and T03-N03 for cleaning cassette.|
W04-B03|Retired|(    -2001)|Head positioning*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 the subject matter previously coded here has been covered by T03-A05 codes only. The codes in this sub-group remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002.|Drive, motor, angle, step, track selecting/aligning
W04-B03A|Retired|(    -2001)|For discs or drums*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-B03B|Retired|(    -2001)|For tape*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002 synchronisation with tape movement was indicated by co-assignment of W04-E10.|
W04-B03B1|Retired|(1992-2001)|For helical scan*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 1992, this topic was indicated by assignment of W04-E01A with W04-B03B. From 2002, T03-A05D codes alone are assigned for helical scan head positioning, including details of the head drum itself.|Rotating drum
W04-B03B1A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Dynamic adjustment of head position*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002 T03-A05A1 codes were also assigned for this topic which includes speed control, track following, alignment, and also adjusting elements themselves. (See V06-M06D for piezoelectric elements). Since 2002 T03-A05A1 codes have been assigned exclusively for this subject matter.|Tracking, bimorph
W04-B03B1C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Head rotary drive per se*||*This code is now discontinued, but prior to 2002 it included the motor itself and drive components.|
W04-B04|Retired|(    -2001)|Record carrier positioning*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 the subject matter previously coded in this sub-group is covered by T03 codes only. W04-B04 codes remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002.|Cassette, cartridge, load, eject, motor, drive
W04-B04A|Retired|(    -2001)|For discs or drums*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 this subject matter is covered by T03-F codes only. W04-B04A remains valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002 and included housings in which the carrier is driven during normal operation. W04-E02A codes were also assigned for this topic between 1992 and 2001.|
W04-B04B|Retired|(    -2001)|For tape*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter has been coded in T03-E only. The codes W04-B04B1 to W04-B04B7A remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002. For synchronization with head movement, W04-E10 was also assigned.|
W04-B04B1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Tape containers*||*This code is now discontinued. For cassettes it was assigned with W04-E02B1 codes and T03-H01B codes but since 2002 only T03-H01B codes have been used to denote this subject matter.|
W04-B04B3|Retired|(1992-2001)|Tape drive system*||*This code is now discontinued. Tape drive systems were also assigned T03-E codes which are now used alone for this topic.|
W04-B04B3A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Tape drive components*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-B04B3C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Tape speed control*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002, combined head/tape speed control was also assigned W04-B03B1A and W04-E10.|
W04-B04B5|Retired|(1992-2001)|Tape drive mode control*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-B04B5A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Automatic control of operating mode*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 this subject matter is coded in T03-E05A or its subdivisions only.|Autostop, blank, space, gap, leader
W04-B04B5C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Manual control of operating mode*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter, which includes switches, operating keys etc., is covered by T03-E05B alone.|
W04-B04B6|Retired|(1992-2001)|Tape cassette loading and changing*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter has been covered by T03-E01B or its subdivisions only.|
W04-B04B7|Retired|(1992-2001)|Tape looping and threading*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter has been covered by T03-E01C only.|
W04-B04B7A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Looping/threading for helical-scan tape*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter has been covered by T03-E01C1 and T03-N02.|
W04-B10|Current|(1987-    )|Video tape recorder||Prior to 199201, this code was only used for VTR details which were not completely covered by other W04-B codes. Since 199201 W04-B10 codes have been applied to all aspects of VTRs, and are intended to provide broad groupings of subject matter. Other W04 codes should be used in conjunction to provide more detail.|
W04-B10A|Current|(1992-    )|Heads, head and tape transport||Includes recording formats. (i.e. scope of this code is that of W04-B01 to W04-B04 codes). From 2002 this code will be used in conjunction with T03-A and T03-E codes to denote the VTR application for inventions relating to heads, head movement, and tape transport, and with W04-B01 codes as appropriate.|
W04-B10B|Current|(1992-    )|Signal processing||For full details of signal processing see W04-F codes also. (for audio signal processing aspects, search with W04-G01 codes).|
W04-B10C|Current|(1992-    )|Control, power supplies, interfacing||For remote control or control or programming search with W04-E04 codes. For editing and indexing aspects search with W04-H codes, and for testing/monitoring, W04-J codes).|
W04-B10D|Current|(1992-    )|Construction||Also assigned W04-L05 codes.|
W04-B10G|Current|(1992-    )|Digital video tape recorder|||DVTR
W04-B10K|Current|(1992-    )|Dual cassette deck VTR|||
W04-B12|Current|(1992-    )|Audio tape recorder||Codes in this section are assigned for all aspects of audio tape recorders, in conjunction with other W04 codes as appropriate.|
W04-B12A|Current|(1992-    )|Heads, head and tape transport||Includes recording formats (i.e. scope of this code is that of W04-B01 to W04-B04 codes).|
W04-B12B|Current|(1992-    )|Signal processing|||
W04-B12C|Current|(1992-    )|Control, power supplies, interfacing||For remote control or programming see W04-E04 codes also. For editing and indexing aspects search with W04-H codes and for testing monitoring, W04-J codes.|
W04-B12D|Current|(1992-    )|Construction||Also assigned W04-L05 codes.|
W04-B12G|Current|(1992-    )|Digital audio tape recorder|||DAT, R-DAT
W04-B12H|Current|(1992-    )|Miniature audio tape recorder||Includes 'personal stereo' type of equipment - with or without recording facility.|
W04-B12J|Current|(1992-    )|Dictation recorder|||
W04-B12K|Current|(1992-    )|Dual cassette-deck audio tape recorder|||
W04-B14|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetic audio and video disc equipment||From 1997 the scope of this code is expanded to encompass magnetic disc systems for audio recording also, and hard disc systems for both audio and video.|
W04-B14A|Current|(1992-    )|Within electronic still picture camera||For use within electronic still picture camera see also W04-M01B1A. Digital cameras using hard discs for picture storage are assigned W04-B14C3.|
W04-B14B|Retired|(1992-2004)|Playback unit for recorded disc*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2005 systems for playback of flexible disks used for storing pictures from digital cameras are covered in W04-B14A.|
W04-B14C|Current|(1997-    )|Hard disc system||Hard disc systems purely for computer data storage are covered in T03 only, e.g. T03-A08A1C or T03-A08A5. For hard disc system storing information in an on-demand entertainment system, see W04-K05A and W02-F10K also. For editing aspects, search with W04-H05 codes.|
W04-B14C1|Current|(1997-    )|Audio hard disc system|||
W04-B14C3|Current|(1997-    )|Video hard disc system|||
W04-B16|Current|(1992-    )|Cassette library system||Also coded in T03-N03 and T03-Q01.|
W04-C|Current||Recording using optical methods||W04-C10 codes are assigned as appropriate to indicate equipment type.|Disc, compact, digital, laser
W04-C01|Retired|(    -2001)|Record carriers*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter has been covered in T03-B01 only. W04-C01A to W04-C01E remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002.|WORM, DRAW
W04-C01A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Record carrier substrate*||*This code is now discontinued.|Mould, transparent resin, PMMA
W04-C01B|Retired|(1992-2001)|Light-sensitive layers*||*This code is now discontinued.|Photochromic, ablation, deformation, interaction, phase transition, combination, reversible, multilevel, segregation
W04-C01C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Protective and (anti-) reflective layers*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-C01E|Retired|(1992-2001)|Record carrier manufacture*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-C01F|Retired|(1992-2006)|Physical recording format aspects*||*This code is now discontinued. Since 2007 this topic can be searched using T03-B01F codes in conjunction with T03-B01D1A, T03-B01D3A or T03-B01D5A as appropriate. See W04-C05 for signal aspects of recording formats.|
W04-C02|Retired|(    -2001)|Heads*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 this subject matter is covered by T03-B02B codes only. W04-C02 and its subdivisions remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002.|
W04-C02A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Light source and photodetector*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-C02A1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Light source*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002 it included semiconductor lasers, full details of which are highlighted by U12-A01B codes and corresponding codes in V08, which also includes other laser types.|
W04-C02A5|Retired|(1992-2001)|Photodetector*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002 it included photodetectors for reading from a carrier and for focus detection. U12-A02B codes, e.g. U12-A02B2A for APD and other types of photodiode, are assigned for this topic.|
W04-C02B|Retired|(1992-2001)|Lens and optical system*||*This code is now discontinued.|Objective, beam splitter, polariser
W04-C02C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Head cleaning*||*This code is now discontinued and this topic, including use of dummy cleaning carriers, is covered by T03-B02B8 only.|
W04-C03|Retired|(    -2001)|Head positioning (incl. focusing)*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 this subject matter is now covered by T03-B02A codes only. The codes W04-C03A to W04-C03H remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002 when W04-C10 codes enabled a distinction to be made between head positioning for disks, tapes, etc.|
W04-C03A|Retired|(1992-2001)|For focusing*||*This code is now discontinued.|Focus detection, servo, objective positioning, voice coil motor, VCM
W04-C03B|Retired|(1992-2001)|For track selection and alignment*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002 it included topics such as linear motors (see V06-M codes also), and track access/tracking servo systems.|
W04-C03D|Retired|(1992-2001)|Control circuit for light source*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 is covered by T03-B02A7 only. Laser diode bias control is also assigned U12-A01B4 and corresponding codes in V08.|
W04-C03H|Retired|(1997-2001)|Head positioning for double-sided disc*||*This code is now discontinued but prior to 2002 it included dual-head systems and arrangements for moving a single head to the other side of a disk.|
W04-C04|Retired|(    -2001)|Record carrier positioning*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 - 2004 this subject matter was assigned T03-B03 codes, while since 2005 T03-B10 codes have been used, in all cases T03-E and T03-F codes being also assigned as appropriate. The codes W04-C04A to W04-C04B remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002.|Turntable, loading device, drive, motor
W04-C04A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Record carrier container*||*This code is now discontinued but prior to 2002 it covered containers in which carriers are driven, for which W04-E02 codes were also assigned to indicate further details. Storage containers are covered by W04-L01 codes.|
W04-C04B|Retired|(1992-2001)|Record carrier drive*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002 it was assigned with W04-E02 codes for further details, e.g. W04-E02A5 codes for disk changing.|
W04-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Signal recording format and methods||From 2002 this coded is only used for recording formats and methods specific to audio/video. General optical recording formats and methods are coded in T03-B05. Covers arrangement of data only, physical aspects such as hard sectoring of data, are covered by T03-B01F from 2007. Prior to 2007 this topic was coded in W04-C01F.|
W04-C06|Current|(1992-    )|Reading and writing circuitry||From 2002 this code is only used for reading and writing circuitry with aspects relevant to audio/video recording. General optical reading and writing circuitry is coded in T03-B06.|
W04-C10|Current|(1992-    )|Optical recorder/player||Codes in this section are applied for any aspect of optical recording/playing equipment.|
W04-C10A|Current|(1992-    )|Disc|||CD, CDi, interactive
W04-C10A1|Current|(1992-    )|Audio e.g.'CD player'|||
W04-C10A1K|Current|(2005-    )|Dual deck optical disc player/recorder|||
W04-C10A2|Retired|(2002-2004)|Multilayer, e.g. 'DVD player'*|W04-C10A3|*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 to 2004 it was used to denote multilayer optical disk player/recorders used for non-specified audio/video/data storage. Since 2005 this topic has been covered in T03-B10A1, and for storage of audio/video information along with additional data formats, in W04-C10A3A. Prior to 2002 digital versatile disk or digital video disk player/recorders were coded in W04-C10A3.|
W04-C10A3|Current|(1992-    )|Optical video players and recorders||Includes e.g. DVD, Blu-ray disk equipment.|
W04-C10A3A|Current|(2005-    )|Combined with additional data formats||Covers provision of computer program data and surround sound tracks in disc used primarily for storing video information.|
W04-C10A5|Current|(1992-    )|Jukebox system||See W04-C04C and W04-E02A5 codes for disc feeding aspects.|
W04-C10B|Current|(1992-    )|Tape|||
W04-C10C|Current|(1992-    )|Card|||
W04-D|Current||Magneto-optical and other recording methods||From 2002 only audio/visual applications of magneto-optical and other types of recording are included in W04-D. Head, head positioning and carrier positioning aspects are coded only in T03-C and T03-D.|
W04-D01|Retired|(1983-2001)|Record carriers*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter now being coded in T03-C and T03-D01A. W04-D01 codes remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002, and covered mainly capacitive record carriers, now assigned T03-C01 codes only.|PVC, carbon, conductive, dielectric, lubricant
W04-D01A|Retired|(1987-2001)|For 'combination' recording e.g. magneto-optical*||*This code is now discontinued and the subject matter covered by T03-D01A codes.|Photomagnetic, Kerr effect, substrate, film, light-sensitive layer, reflective/antireflective layer, magnetic layer, reference layer, rare earth material, amorphous, protective coating
W04-D01A1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Carrier manufacture*||*This code is now discontinued. Since 2002 this topic has been covered by T03-D01A8 codes only.|
W04-D02|Retired|(1983-2001)|Heads*||*This code is now discontinued, the subject matter now being coded in T03-C, and in T03-D01C (for optical heads) and T03-D01F1 (for magnetic heads) when magneto-optical recording is involved. W04-D02 remains valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002.|Stylus, diamond, shank, lens, objective, beam splitter, polariser, laser, photodetector, magnet, bias, erase
W04-D03|Retired|(1983-2001)|Head positioning*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter has been coded in T03-C, T03-D01D and T03-D01F1A. W04-D03 remains valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002. Prior to 2002, for magneto-optical recording this code included focusing (now only assigned T03-D01D1 codes) and track selection/alignment (now only assigned T03-D01D3 and T03-D01D5 codes).|Track selection, kick-pulse, linear motor, voice coil motor, VCM, focusing
W04-D04|Retired|(1983-2001)|Record carrier positioning*||*This code is now discontinued and since 2002 this subject matter has been coded in T03-C and T03-D01B, T03-E and T03-F. W04-D04 remains valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002, when W04-E02 codes were also assigned to provide a more detailed breakdown of subject matter.|Turntable, drive, carriage, load, motor
W04-D10|Current|(1987-    )|Hard-copy video arrangements||See W02-J codes also for non-standard video applications. Includes photographic methods and use of e.g. line printer. (See also S06-B codes, e.g. S06-B04A, and T04-G10 codes respectively).|Photographic reproduction, optical system, thermal/ink jet/impact/optical printer, electronic still-picture camera hard copy unit
W04-D20|Current|(1992-    )|Magneto-optical recorder/player||W04-D20 codes are used with or without other W04-D codes, and with other codes in W04 as appropriate.|
W04-D20A|Current|(1992-    )|Magneto-optical disk recorder/player||Includes mini-disk recorder/players|
W04-D20B|Current|(1992-    )|Magneto-optical tape recorder/player|||
W04-E|Current|(1983-    )|Recording in general, head record carrier motion synchronisation||From 2002 head positioning, carrier positioning and head record carrier motion synchronisation aspects of audio/visual recording are no longer coded in W04-E, the subject matter being covered in T03-E, T03-F, T03-G, T03-H and T03-J. Consequently the title of this code has been amended.|
W04-E01|Retired|(1983-2001)|Head positioning*||*This code is now discontinued, the subject matter now being coded in T03-G only. The codes W04-E01A to W04-E01C remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002. These codes were assigned for generally applicable cases. See appropriate codes in W04-B, W04-C or W04-D which took precedence.|
W04-E01A|Retired|(1983-2001)|Helical scan*||*This code is now discontinued.|Drum, cylinder
W04-E01B|Retired|(1983-2001)|For longitudinally scanned tape*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-E01C|Retired|(1983-2001)|For discs*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-E02|Retired|(1983-2001)|Record carrier positioning*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 this subject matter is covered by T03-E, T03-F and T03-H codes only. W04-E02 codes remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002. For motor and other position transducer aspects see V06 codes. Includes housings in which carriers are driven during normal operation.|
W04-E02A|Retired|(1983-2001)|For discs*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-E02A1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Disc cassettes per se*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-E02A1A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Disc cassette manufacture*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-E02A1C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Disc cassette construction*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-E02A3|Retired|(1992-2001)|Disc driving arrangement*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 T03-F02 (and T03-N01) codes are assigned for this topic.|
W04-E02A3A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Disc drive components*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002 it included motors (see V06-M codes also), turntables, spindle brakes, etc.|
W04-E02A3C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Disc drive speed control*||*This code is now discontinued. Motor control circuits are also assigned V06-N codes.|
W04-E02A5|Retired|(1992-2001)|Disc changing systems*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 the subject matter is covered by T03-F01 and T03-N01 codes (previously assigned as well as W04-E02A5). For general aspects of optical disk 'jukebox' systems, see W04-C10A5. See also T03-Q codes for library systems in general.|
W04-E02A5A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Single feeding of manually-loaded disc*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-E02A5C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Selecting from simultaneously-loaded discs*||*This code is now discontinued but previously included carousel-type arrangements enabling initial loading of several disks for playing sequentially or in a selected order. Arrangements to feed one disk at a time into recording/playing equipment from a library of carriers were covered by W04-E02A5E.|
W04-E02A5E|Retired|(1992-2001)|Automatic feeding from library of discs*||*This code is now discontinued and the subject matter covered by T03-Q05 codes and in T03-F01F5 (and T03-N01).|
W04-E02B|Retired|(1983-2001)|For tape*||*This code is now discontinued.|Reel, spool
W04-E02B1|Retired|(1983-2001)|Cassettes*||*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2002 the code was assigned only for cassettes themselves, not all cassette recording related aspects. For magnetic tape cassettes W04-B04B1 was also assigned. These topics are now covered by T03-H01B codes (or T03-H01C for loop-type cassette) and T03-N03.|Housing, casing, mould plastics, audio/video cassette, protective cover
W04-E02B1A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Cassette manufacture*||*This code is now discontinued and the subject matter is now coded in T03-H01B8 codes alone.|
W04-E02B1C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Cassette constructional details*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-E02B1E|Retired|(1992-2001)|Cassette for helical-scan tape*||*This code is now discontinued but was previously only assigned for cassettes where the helical-scan aspect impacts on the design to a significant extent. T03-N02 is assigned for all aspects of helical scan equipment and carrier cases.|VHS, VTR, DAT, protective cover
W04-E02B3|Retired|(1983-2001)|Drive*||*This code is now discontinued. W04-B04B3 codes were assigned in preference for magnetic tape recorders.|Control, capstan, roller, pulley, belt, gear
W04-E02B5|Retired|(1983-2001)|Operating mode control*||*This code is now discontinued.|Select, switch, function, play, record, position, fast forward, rewind, pause, stop, autostop
W04-E02B5A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Automatic control*||*This code is now discontinued. For magnetic tape recorders, W04-B04B5A was assigned from 1992.|
W04-E02B5C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Manual control*||*This code is now discontinued. For magnetic tape recorders W04-B04B5C was assigned between 1992 and 2001.|
W04-E02B5E|Retired|(1992-1996)|Special reproduction mode*||*This code is now discontinued but was used for topics such as arrangements for replay at differing speeds. Since 1997, that subject matter has been covered by W04-E20 codes, applicable to all recorder types (rather than just tape recorders). W04-E02B5E remains valid and searchable for records between 1992 and 1996.|
W04-E02B7|Retired|(1983-2001)|Helical scan*||*This code is now discontinued.|Head drum, guide, rotating cylinder, tape looping
W04-E03|Retired|(1983-2001)|Record carriers*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 this subject matter is now covered by codes in T03-H only. The codes in this subgroup remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002 and covered general aspects of record carriers.|Disc, compact, tape, manufacture, clean
W04-E03A|Retired|(1997-2001)|Labels and authentication marks*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W04-E03A1|Retired|(1997-2001)|Labels*||*This code is now discontinued but prior to 2002 it included labels applied to the carrier itself and to housings such as a cassette case or jewel box.|
W04-E03A5|Retired|(1997-2001)|Authentication markings for record carrier*||*This code is now discontinued but covered both human-readable and machine-readable markings, such as bar coding (see T04-A and T04-C codes also). Identification of counterfeit audio or video recordings by added signals is included in W04-G01L3 and W04-F01L3 respectively.|Code, serial number, hologram, pressing plant
W04-E04|Current|(1987-    )|Remote control, time programming||See S04-C for timer aspects. Prior to 2002 see W04-B04B5 and T03-E05 codes also for tape recorder operating mode control. From 2002 W04-B04B5 is no longer used.|
W04-E04A|Current|(1992-    )|Remote control||For general aspects of audio/video remote control see W03-G05A codes, and for remote control specific to TV receivers, W03-A02C codes. Remote control in general is covered by W05-D codes.|
W04-E04C|Current|(1992-    )|Time programming||Time programming devices in general are covered by S04-C, e.g. S04-C02.|
W04-E04C1|Current|(1992-    )|Programming from record carriers or programming codes||Includes input of timer information by e.g. bar code reading, (reading of bar codes is also coded in T04-A03B1), and 'universal' programming devices learning function of normal remote control unit (from 1997, also assigned W03-G05A1A). From 2005 use of electronic programme guides and GUIs is covered in W04-E04C8.|Video Plus
W04-E04C5|Current|(1992-    )|Programming and control based on off-air signals||For signal processing aspects, such as extraction of control signals, use with W04-F01K. Prior to 1997, this code was used for arrangements to prevent recording of commercial messages in conjunction with W04-J05. From 1997 this topic is wholly covered by W04-E04C5C.|
W04-E04C5A|Current|(1997-    )|Involving transmitted programme identification||Includes systems such as VPS. Transmission of such signals is covered by W02-F05C.|
W04-E04C5C|Current|(1997-    )|Preventing recording of commercial messages|W04-E04C5, W04-J05|This code covers arrangements, usually relating to the recorder itself only, for pausing recording when a commercial message is being transmitted and continuing recording once the programme resumes.|Blank screen, cue
W04-E04C5E|Current|(2005-    )|Overriding prevention of recording of commercial messages||See W02-F10N for variation of subscription fees based on choice of whether or not to receive commercial messages.|Blank screen, cue
W04-E04C7|Current|(2002-    )|With learning function||This code covers automatic time programming arrangements based on learned user preferences, e.g. through monitoring of manual time programming operations or manual channel selection. For analogous arrangements for channel selection in TV receivers see W03-A18A5C.|
W04-E04C7A|Current|(2006-    )|Determining recording priority||Deciding between conflicting time programming settings, searching for repeat showings etc.|
W04-E04C8|Current|(2005-    )|Using programme guides||Includes use of EPG data transmitted with TV signal or interfacing with PC receiving programme guide information from e.g. Internet.|
W04-E10|Retired|(1992-2001)|Head-record carrier motion synchronisation*||*This code is now discontinued. Since 2002 this subject matter has been covered by T03-A05, T03-E, T03-F, T03-G and T03-J03 codes only. W04-E10 remains valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002.|Tape track, magnetic, speed, rotating VTR/DAT head, drum, position, scan, motor pulse synchronisation, phase, servo drive, dynamic tracking arrangement
W04-E20|Current|(1997-    )|Recorder operation mode||The codes in this section, which replace W04-E02B5E used with tape equipment only, are assigned together with other W04 codes to indicate operating mode for any recorder type. W04-E20A and W04-E20C codes include arrangements with differing recording and reproduction speeds.|
W04-E20A|Current|(1997-    )|High speed|||
W04-E20C|Current|(1997-    )|Slow speed, time-lapse, freeze-frame|||
W04-E20C1|Current|(1997-    )|Slow speed|||
W04-E20C3|Current|(1997-    )|Time-lapse|||
W04-E20C5|Current|(1997-    )|Freeze frame and still picture||Use with W04-E20R for recording of still pictures. Electronic still picture cameras only capable of still-picture recording are not included here - see W04-M01B1 codes.|
W04-E20E|Current|(1997-    )|Search mode||For arrangements linked to the use of indexing signals or carrier travel, see W04-H codes.|
W04-E20G|Current|(2007-    )|Erasing|||
W04-E20J|Current|(1997-    )|Recording||This code is assigned with other W04-E20 codes as appropriate, e.g. with W04-E20A for high-speed recording.|
W04-E20K|Current|(2007-    )|Multiple viewing angle and foveation aspects||Covers general aspects of multiple-viewing angle systems. Multi-view displays are covered in W03-A12A and/or W04-Q01S while encoding systems are covered in W04-P01A2.|
W04-E20M|Current|(2002-    )|Simultaneous playing and recording||Covers arrangements to allow playback of one section of carrier while recording onto another section, e.g. to allow playing from start of recorded programme before recording is finished.|
W04-E20P|Current|(2008-    )|Playlist management||This code covers the creation and selection of playlists, either manually or automatically. Indexing aspects are covered by W04-H01C codes. Automatic selection of playlists based on sensed emotional or mental state is also assigned S05-D01X (and other S05-D codes as appropriate). For determination of such states based on voice analysis, W04-V04A4 is also assigned and if based on image analysis T04-D07F codes are also assigned.|Favourite, top-rated, star-rated, daytime, evening, weekend, jazz, classical, rock, pop, tempo, rhythm
W04-E20R|Current|(1997-    )|Reverse mode||Covers e.g. reverse playback.|
W04-E20S|Current|(2005-    )|Changing recording quality||Covers arrangements to allow switching from SP to LP mode during recording and automatic adjusting of recording quality to fit programme within available capacity of recording medium.|
W04-E20T|Current|(2005-    )|Multiple operation modes||This code is used for inventions concerned with several modes of operation with no particular emphasis on any given one.|Trick play
W04-E20V|Current|(2005-    )|Time shift recording||Covers arrangements to allow viewer to select recording from start of current programme even when this programme is part-way through by use of buffer to continuously record a given channel or set of channels. For arrangements to allow pausing of programme while viewing and then continue recording programme from pause point search in conjunction with W04-E20M.|
W04-E20X|Current|(1997-    )|Recording equipment mode - other|||
W04-E30|Current|(2013-    )|General audio and video (AV) recording and playing equipment||These codes are intended to indicate equipment for audio or video recording and playing in general, including 'media players' which are also covered by T01-J30C. The codes do not take account of storage technology (e.g. hard disk, solid-state memory etc.) and are not applied for specific equipment that is covered elsewhere in W04.|
W04-E30A|Current|(2013-    )|General AV recording and playing equipment characterised by content|||
W04-E30A1|Current|(2013-    )|Multimedia and media players and recorders||This code takes precedence over W04-E30A3 and W04-E30A5. Prior to 2013 this topic was chiefly covered by W04-P01C8 when solid-state storage was involved. Media players in a computer context are also covered by T01-J30C and AV equipment in general requiring operation with a PC is also covered by W03-G06.|
W04-E30A3|Current|(2013-    )|Audio players and recorders||Prior to 2013 this topic was chiefly covered by W04-G01B8 when solid-state storage was involved and that code can also be assigned for novel aspects specific to recording in solid-state memory. This code is assigned for 'MP3 players'.|
W04-E30A5|Current|(2013-    )|Video players and recorders||Prior to 2013 this topic was chiefly covered by W04-P01C8 and that code can also be assigned for novel aspects specific to recording in solid-state memory. |
W04-E30A5A|Current|(2013-    )|Digital photo frames and viewers||This code is assumed to refer to portable equipment so W04-E30C1A is not also assigned.|
W04-E30C|Current|(2013-    )|General AV recording and playing equipment characterised by form|||
W04-E30C1|Current|(2013-    )|Self-contained AV recording and playing equipment||Includes players and recorders as separate equipment.|
W04-E30C1A|Current|(2013-    )|Portable AV recording and playing equipment||Portable AV equipment in general is covered by W03-G04.|
W04-E30C5|Current|(2013-    )|General AV recording and playing equipment incorporated in other equipment||Includes players and recorders incorporated into a PC, mobile phone, or similar equipment. AV equipment in general combined with other equipment in a single housing is assigned W03-G03A.|
W04-F|Current|(1980-    )|General video signal recording||This code is used merely to highlight video recording or reproduction in a general sense. It relates to recording and reproduction using dynamic methods such as tape, disk, etc. but excluding static storage in e.g. flash memory which is covered by W04-P01C codes (except in the case of dynamic video recorders/players in which solid-state memory is also used for signal processing, this being covered by W04-F01M codes). W04-F can be used alone or with other codes. Its subdivision codes (all W04-F01 and W04-F02 codes) are applied for novel signal processing details either alone or with technology-specific codes such as W04-B, W04-C or W04-D codes as necessary. |Video, tape, disc, drum, colour, digital, frame, field
W04-F01|Current|(1980-    )|Video signal processing for recording|||Frequency band translation, AM/FM recording, compression, noise reduction
W04-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Signal transformation, frequency changing, demodulation||Includes e.g. 'colour-under' system.|
W04-F01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Signal transformation and frequency changing|||Folding
W04-F01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Modulation and demodulation aspects||See U23 codes for novel demodulator circuits.|
W04-F01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Dynamic range control, amplitude compression, AGC||Compression by coding is covered by W04-F01F codes. See also U24-C01 and U24-C02 codes for AGC and compression respectively.|
W04-F01B|Current|(1992-    )|Equalising and peaking circuits||See W04-B for equalising specific to magnetic recording.|
W04-F01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Peaking, crispening||Crispening for general video processing is covered by W04-P01E3.|
W04-F01C|Current|(1992-    )|Synchronising signal processing|||
W04-F01D|Current|(1992-    )|Signal processing specific to colour video|W02-F06||
W04-F01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Luminance/chrominance separation|||Luma-chroma, Y-C, comb filter, digital filter
W04-F01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Colour synchronizing||Signal processing of TV synchronising information in general is covered by W04-F01C.|Colour burst, subcarrier
W04-F01E|Current|(1992-    )|Noise reduction|||
W04-F01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Head switching noise suppression|||
W04-F01F|Current|(1992-    )|Signal coding and compression||Covers compression as part of signal coding. Compression of dynamic range without coding is covered by W04-F01A5. Prior to 1997, video coding aspects specifically for recording were covered by W04-F01F codes only, but from 1997 codes are also be assigned from the general W04-P01A section to indicate the nature of the coding involved.|
W04-F01F1|Retired|(1992-2006)|Movement-responsive compression*||*This code is now discontinued. Since 2007 all predictive motion-based coding systems have been covered in W04-P01A codes.|
W04-F01F5|Current|(1997-    )|Error detection and correction||See T03-P01A for error detection in recording in general.|
W04-F01H|Current|(1992-    )|Multistandard and HDTV signal processing|W02-F06, W04-F01||
W04-F01H1|Current|(1992-    )|Recognition of standard, automatic switching|||
W04-F01H3|Current|(1992-    )|Standards conversion|W04-F01, W04-N|Standards conversion in video recording is not assigned the general code W04-N05A. Prior to 199201 search W04-F01 and W04-N.|
W04-F01H3A|Current|(2005-    )|Transcoding||This code covers the conversion of one form of video coding to another, e.g. MPEG-2 to MPEG-4, or changing the sample rate without changing the type of coding, during the recording or reproduction of video signals. Transcoding of video in general is covered by W04-N05A1.|
W04-F01H3C|Current|(2010-    )|Upscaling of video signals||This code covers upscaling, especially of reproduced video, to provide e.g. improved resolution on an HD display device. Codes for recording and reproducing equipment are also assigned as appropriate, e.g. W04-C10A3 for DVD video players.|
W04-F01H5|Current|(1992-    )|HDTV signal processing|||
W04-F01K|Current|(1992-    )|Signal processing for additional picture information||Includes arrangements to enable recording of data contained in blanking periods, e.g. teletext signals (prior to 199201 see W02-F05B and W04-F01), or in connection with VPS data. Also covers recording of other supplementary signals received off-air. All aspects of control of recorder by off-air signals are coded in W04-E04C5.|closed caption, region code
W04-F01L|Current|(1992-    )|Anti-duplication and copy-marking using recorded signals||From 1997 the title of this code is expanded to reflect the inclusion of arrangements to enable identification of copy recordings (now assigned W04-F01L3).|
W04-F01L1|Current|(1997-    )|Signal processing to prevent copying||Includes arrangements either preventing copying completely, or producing unacceptable quality copy. For signal processing aspects specific to magnetic recording W04-B01C1A is also assigned. Similar inventions for audio recording are assigned W04-G01L1, but W04-F01L1 takes precedence for combined audio and video recording.|
W04-F01L3|Current|(1997-    )|Signal processing to indicate occurrence of copying||Includes arrangement to insert a signal, in general not visibly affecting reproduction, but enabling subsequent identification of copy or recording source. Similar systems for audio recording are coded in W04-G01L3, but W04-F01L3 takes precedence for combined recording of audio and video information. Distinguishing legitimate from illegitimate copies based on other marking methods is covered by T03-H02A1C.|Watermarking
W04-F01M|Current|(1992-    )|Processing involving memory|W04-F01, W04-P01C|This code is used for circuits employing memories as part of the recording signal processing system, and is not used for frame stores per se or frame store processing system of general application as covered by W04-P01C codes.|Freeze-frame, still picture
W04-F01M1|Current|(1997-    )|For storing still picture||See also W04-D10 for use of memory in video hard copy systems. Electronic still picture cameras using memory card storage are not included here - see W04-M01B1C and W04-P01C5.|
W04-F01M5|Current|(1997-    )|In connection with signal processing||Search with other W04-F codes as appropriate, e.g. with W04-F01F for coding involving use of memory circuitry, or W04-F02B for timebase error correction.|
W04-F01P|Current|(2006-    )|Multiple channel recording||Covers simultaneous recording of separate video streams. For simultaneous recording of multiple camera outputs search in conjunction with W04-M01V.|
W04-F01X|Current|(1992-    )|Recording signal processing - other|||
W04-F02|Current||Drop-out and time-base error compensation|||
W04-F02A|Current|(1992-    )|Drop-out compensation||Noise reduction for video recording other than due to drop-out is covered by W04-F01E codes, error correction is covered by W04-F01F5.|Correct, error, concealment
W04-F02B|Current|(1992-    )|Timebase error compensation||For skew correction in general see T03-A06H.|Phase, TBC
W04-G|Current|(1980-    )|Audio signal processing, mixing and studio equipment||W03-C and W03-G codes are used as appropriate to convey additional information regarding audio equipment.|
W04-G01|Current|(1987-    )|General audio recording and audio processing for recording|||
W04-G01A|Current|(1992-    )|For dynamic recording||This code is used for signal processing irrespective for record media, (see T03-P codes also).|
W04-G01B|Current|(1992-    )|For static recording||Covers recording in solid-state memory.|
W04-G01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Signal processing aspects|||
W04-G01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Memory addressing and control|||
W04-G01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Static recording applications||This code is used merely to highlight the use of static recording and is generally assigned when no significant details are given of the audio recording or playback device used. Solid-state audio recorders and players with novel details described are covered by W04-G01B8.|
W04-G01B8|Current|(2002-    )|Solid state digital audio player/recorder||This code is assigned for novel details of solid-state audio recorders and players. Applications of such devices without any significant novel details being described are covered by W04-G01B7.|MP3 player
W04-G01B9|Current|(1992-    )|For static recording - other|||
W04-G01D|Current|(1992-    )|Noise and distortion reduction|||
W04-G01F|Current|(1992-    )|Audio signal coding and decoding||Includes sampling, digitising, etc. See W04-V05G for speech coding for non-recording applications, and U21-A codes for coding in general. See also W04-V10 for general audio coding.|
W04-G01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Error detection and correction||Also coded in T03-P01A.|Bit error rate, BER, Reed-Solomon, cross interleave
W04-G01L|Current|(1997-    )|Anti-duplication and copy-marking using recorded signals|||
W04-G01L1|Current|(1997-    )|Signal processing to prevent copying||Includes arrangements either preventing copying completely, or producing unacceptable quality copy. For signal processing aspects specific to magnetic recording W04-B01C1A is also assigned. Similar inventions for video recording are assigned W04-F01L1, which takes precedence for combined audio and video recording.|
W04-G01L3|Current|(1997-    )|Signal processing to identify occurrence of copying||Includes arrangement to insert a signal, in general not audibly affecting reproduction, but enabling subsequent identification of copy or recording source. Similar inventions relating to video recording are coded in W04-F01L3, which takes precedence for combined recording of audio and video information. Distinguishing legitimate from illegitimate copies based on other marking methods is covered by T03-H02A1C.|
W04-G01M|Current|(2005-    )|Multiple channel recording|||
W04-G01M1|Current|(2005-    )|Stereo and surround sound recording|||
W04-G01M3|Current|(2005-    )|Recording of separate audio track||Covers arrangements to record alternative language versions of soundtrack.|
W04-G01M5|Current|(2005-    )|Multitrack recording|||
W04-G03|Current|(1992-    )|Audio noise reduction||For audio recording noise reduction see W04-G01D.|
W04-G03A|Current|(1992-    )|Improving signal-to-noise ratio|||
W04-G03C|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing acoustic feedback||Use with W04-S05 codes for public address application.|Howl-round, howling, Larsen effect, squealing
W04-G04|Current|(1992-    )|Audio signal dynamic range and frequency control, other effects||Special audio effects in electronic musical instruments are covered by W04-U03E.|
W04-G04A|Current|(2005-    )|Audio signal dynamic range control||Includes AGC, compression, expansion, limiting and companding schemes. See also U24 codes. Note that audio signal compression in the sense of coding is not included, being covered by W04-V05G codes or speech and W04-V10 codes for audio signals in general.|
W04-G04E|Current|(2005-    )|Frequency enhancement and addition of harmonics||Includes exciters, enhancers, bass expanders etc. See W04-U03E for delay-based effects, e.g. reverberation, flanging, phasing.|
W04-G05|Current|(1992-    )|Sound mixing and switching|||Blending, mixing console, multichannel sound system
W04-G05A|Current|(1992-    )|Control aspects||Includes circuitry and control elements per se, e.g. slider potentiometers.|
W04-G05B|Current|(1992-    )|Interfacing||Includes connection to MIDI systems. For musical instrument aspects see W04-U05 also.|
W04-G05C|Current|(1992-    )|Mixer circuitry||For amplifier circuitry see U24-G01C and other U24-G codes as appropriate.|
W04-G05E|Current|(2007-    )|Switching and routing of audio sources|||
W04-G08|Current|(2006-    )|Sound recording studio equipment||Used in conjunction with W03-C, W04-U03E, W04-S and other W04-G codes as necessary. Includes all professional audio equipment for use in recording or audio broadcast studio.|
W04-H|Current||Editing; indexing||Except for audio/video signal processing aspects, also coded in T03-J, T03-K codes.|
W04-H01|Current|(1992-    )|Index signal recording and detection|||
W04-H01A|Current|(1992-    )|Time code system|||SMPTE
W04-H01C|Current|(1997-    )|Indexing information relating to recorded contents||Includes 'table of contents' information, recorded separately or interleaved with main recorded information, but usually by same recording process in either case. For records prior to 2002 labels providing such information in human-readable form are covered by W04-E03A1. From 2002 these are covered by T03-H02A1A only.|Metadata
W04-H01C1|Current|(1997-    )|User-recordable contents index information||Includes 'user table of contents' information, and thus implies use of recordable, rather than 'read-only' carriers.|UTOC
W04-H01C5|Current|(2006-    )|Automatic content indexing||Includes thumbnail indexing, and use of EPG data to generate searchable indexing information|
W04-H01C8|Current|(2006-    )|Differentiating between different data types|||Music photo video (MPV)
W04-H01E|Current|(2006-    )|Error management information|||
W04-H03|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring travel of carrier||See also T03-J05 codes.|
W04-H05|Current|(1992-    )|Editing, dubbing, splicing tape|||
W04-H05A|Current|(1992-    )|Dubbing|||
W04-H05A1|Current|(2007-    )|User controlled dubbing|||
W04-H05A5|Current|(2007-    )|Automatic dubbing||Includes automated back-up and archival operations.|
W04-H05C|Current|(1992-    )|Splicing|||
W04-H05E|Current|(1997-    )|Editing|||
W04-H05E1|Current|(2006-    )|User controlled editing|||
W04-H05E5|Current|(2006-    )|Automatic editing|||
W04-J|Current||Monitoring/testing recording equipment|||
W04-J01|Current|(1992-    )|Theft alarms, security system||See W05-B01 codes also for theft alarms.|Antitheft, disconnection-detector
W04-J01A|Current|(2005-    )|Access control||Includes child lock systems, user authentication and user interfacing aspects of region control.|
W04-J01C|Current|(2005-    )|Theft alarms|||
W04-J03|Current|(1992-    )|Recording equipment operation displays|||
W04-J03A|Current|(1997-    )|Dedicated display|||
W04-J03C|Current|(1997-    )|On-screen display||For such arrangements in TV receivers see W03-A13G. Inlcudes menus etc. on digital camera display.|OSD
W04-J05|Current|(1992-    )|Recording equipment control circuits (general)|||Automatic level control, gain control, intensity control, feedback, compensate, correct, jog wheel
W04-J07|Current|(1992-    )|Recording equipment testing||Codes in this section are used together with the appropriate code for the function being tested.|
W04-J07A|Current|(1992-    )|Testing during manufacture||Includes testing complete and partially complete equipment.|Production line testing
W04-J07C|Current|(1992-    )|Post-manufacture equipment testing and monitoring||Includes self-testing apparatus.|Signal-to-noise ratio, distortion, head alignment, in-built testing circuit
W04-K|Current||Synchronising, co-operation with other equipment, and interfacing||The title of this code has been changed to reflect the fact that audio/video recording and reproduction aspects of multimedia systems (coded in W04-K05 until 1997, and in W04-K10 between 1997 and 2004) are no longer included. Computing aspects of multimedia are covered by T01-J30 codes. Codes in this group are used with the appropriate code for the type of recording equipment involved or alone if the type is not specified. To indicate co-operation of W04 equipment with other types of equipment or systems in a general sense W04-K itself may be assigned (i.e. without subdivision).|
W04-K01|Current|(1987-    )|Synchronisation between recording units||Includes synchronisation of e.g. photographic and audio equipment.|'Blip' detector for slide projector, re-recording synchronisation, synchronous dubbing
W04-K05|Current|(1987-    )|Multiple-recording units operation||Includes use of several recording/playback units e.g. for picture file, and recording equipment used as a 'functional block' in a larger system. Prior to 1997, this code included audio/video recording and reproduction aspects of multimedia systems.|Combination recording, home entertainment system, animated objects control, video game, simulator
W04-K05A|Current|(1997-    )|Multiple recording equipment systems||Includes audio/video file server arrangements, e.g. for on-demand entertainment systems (see|
W04-K05C|Current|(1997-    )|Recording/reproducing unit as 'functional block'||This code covers arrangements involving interconnection of a recording equipment with some other system, e.g. self-contained VTR used to store surveillance camera image (with W04-B10C and W02-F01A5 or W05-B01C5 codes).|
W04-K06|Current|(1992-    )|Modulator/demodulator||Includes arrangements to interface recording equipment with e.g. TV receiver (for VTR search with W04-B10C).|
W04-K07|Current|(1992-    )|Interfacing arrangements e.g. cables, plugs, etc.||See V04 codes for plug and connector details.|
W04-K08|Current|(2002-    )|Interfacing with PC||Includes arrangements to allow control of recording equipment by PC or downloading of recorded material.|
W04-K10|Retired|(1997-2004)|Audio/video aspects of multimedia*|W04-K05|*This code is now discontinued. Prior to 2005 it was used to indicate audio/video aspects only of multimedia, but due to the ubiquity of that term the code was discontinued. Since 2005 audio and video aspects of personal computers have been assigned the relevant W04 code in conjunction with T01 codes. (Multimedia computer systems are covered by T01-J30 codes).|
W04-L|Current||Recording housings||From 2002 this group no longer includes containers for record carriers. Constructional details specific to audio/video recording equipment are still coded in W04-L05 but any non-specific constructional aspects are coded in T03-L05 only.|
W04-L01|Retired|(1987-2001)|For record carriers*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 this subject matter is assigned T03-L01 codes only. W04-L01 codes remain valid and fully searchable for records prior to 2002. W04-L01 covered cassette boxes, racks, record cases, etc., but not casings in which carriers are driven during the recording or playback process.|
W04-L01A|Retired|(1992-2001)|Record carrier container*||*This code is now discontinued but prior to 2002 covered containers for individual carriers. Storage racks were covered by W04-L01C codes.|
W04-L01A1|Retired|(1992-2001)|For discs*||*This code is now discontinued.|CD, compact disc case
W04-L01A3|Retired|(1992-2001)|For tape*||*This code is now discontinued.|Cassette case, spool/reel box
W04-L01C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Storage racks, boxes, cases*||*This code is now discontinued. It covered racks and similar structures used for storage only, from which a carrier is removed with its individual container. (Individual containers were covered by W04-L01A codes). This code was also used for display arrangements in retail stores.|
W04-L01C1|Retired|(1992-2001)|For discs*||*This code is now discontinued.|Floppy disc box, file box, record case
W04-L01C3|Retired|(1992-2001)|For tape*||*This code is now discontinued.|Cassette rack
W04-L05|Current|(1987-    )|Housings and constructional details of recording equipment|||
W04-L05A|Current|(1987-    )|Cabinets, casings, stands||See V04-S codes for casings in general.|
W04-L05B|Current|(1987-    )|Construction e.g. mounting of PCBs, components||See V04-T codes for these details for electronic equipment in general.|
W04-M|Current||Video and synchronising signal generators|||
W04-M01|Current||Video cameras||Electrical aspects of photographic cameras are covered by S06-B codes. Features common to both photographic and video cameras are coded in both sections. Novel imaging and camera aspects of endoscopes are included here. See also S05-D codes and W02-F01M for this topic.|
W04-M01A|Current||Camera tube arrangements||Image pick-up tubes per se are coded in V05-D codes only, but details such as tube/coil assemblies are included.|Tube biasing, power supplies, deflection signal generators, deflection coil, focusing, astigmatism correction, screening, vidicon, plumbicon, image-orthicon camera
W04-M01B|Current||Solid state pick-up device arrangements|||CCD Camera
W04-M01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Electronic still-picture camera||This code is used for solid-state video cameras used predominantly for recording single frames in e.g. RAM, hard disc or optical disc. W04-M01B1 codes are used for any aspect of the camera. For still-picture recording facility in camera designed primarily for video recording see W04-E20C together with W04-M01B and W04-M01K.|Shutter release control, disc drive control, disc loading/unloading system, interface for hard copy
W04-M01B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Dynamic recording type||W04-B14 and W04-C10A3 codes are also assigned for recording on magnetic and optical discs respectively.|
W04-M01B1C|Current|(1992-    )|Static recording type||Includes camera storing image in solid state memory.|Digital still-picture camera, digital camera
W04-M01B1E|Current|(2005-    )|Video recording aspects|||
W04-M01B1S|Current|(2013-    )|Digital single lens reflex camera||This code is assigned for all aspects of digital SLR cameras. For specific novel optical details search with W04-M01C codes as appropriate, e.g. W04-M01C5 for mirror arrangements.|DSLR
W04-M01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Solid state image pick-up element||Covers image pick-up per se which is also assigned U13-A codes.|
W04-M01B5A|Current|(1992-    )|Reading methods||Covers methods of read-out and operation circuitry integral with the pick-up element. For 'electronic-shutter' arrangements based on e.g. limiting charge accumulation time, search with W04-M01D5C. (Electro-optical shutters separate from the image sensor and based on e.g. liquid crystal devices are not included and are covered by W04-M01C7A from 2014).|
W04-M01B7|Current|(1992-    )|External circuitry||Covers drive circuitry external to pickup per se. Inlcudes circuitry linked to CCD.|
W04-M01B8|Current|(2009-    )|Image sensor movement arrangements||This code and its subdivisions cover devices imparting mechanical movement to the image sensor for focusing or other purposes. Similar arrangements acting on optical system components are covered by W04-M01C1 codes or W04-M01C9 as appropriate. Details of actuators and the like are indicated by assignment of V06 codes.|Displacement
W04-M01B8A|Current|(2009-    )|Image sensor movement for enhancing imaging||This code covers arrangements for imparting mechanical movement to the image sensor for enhanced imaging, such as resolution improvement.|Dithering
W04-M01B8B|Current|(2009-    )|Image sensor movement for focusing||This code covers arrangements for imparting mechanical movement to the image sensor for focusing purposes, e.g. where the lens system is fixed. Arrangements for moving lenses for focusing are covered by W04-M01C1B.|
W04-M01B8C|Current|(2009-    )|Image sensor movement for cleaning||This code covers arrangements for imparting mechanical movement to the image sensor for cleaning purposes, e.g. the use of ultrasonic vibration to remove dust from a sensor window.|
W04-M01B8X|Current|(2009-    )|Other image sensor movement|||
W04-M01C|Current|(1987-    )|(Auto)focusing, zooming, lenses for TV camera, shutters, filters|||Single lens reflex (SLR), optical system, beam splitter, iris, aperture
W04-M01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Lens system||Search with W04-M01G1B for constructional details of lens systems.|
W04-M01C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Lenses per se||Covers novel aspects only of single lenses and lens groups such as zoom lenses. Search with W04-M01B5 for lens or lens array integral with image pick-up element. From 2011 the use of variable lenses, including those with electrically-controlled variable parameters is indicated by W04-M01C1E. If the variable lens is novel W04-M01C1A is also assigned. Note that 'lens systems', 'lens barrels' and 'lens tubes' without any novelty in lenses themselves are not included and are covered by W04-M01C1 with W04-M01G1B for constructional details such as lens mounting arrangements.|Abbe number, aberration, concave, convex, chromatic, coating, focal length, glass, material composition, plano-concave, plano-convex, plastics, power, refractive power, V number
W04-M01C1B|Current|(1992-    )|Motor drive for focusing||See V06-M codes for details of motors or actuators themselves, and V06-N codes for novel drive circuitry for motor control. This code is used with W04-M01D5D (focus control) for control of focus involving novel motor drive aspects, or position feedback, only, for all other aspects of automatic focusing, W04-M01D5D is used alone. Use with W04-M01D1 codes for manual control of focus. From 2009, focusing by movement of the image sensor alone is not included being covered by W04-M01B8B.|Stepper, piezoelectric, shift, HF content, hill-climbing, servo, automatic
W04-M01C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Motor drive for zooming||See V06-M codes for details of motor per se, and V06-N codes for novel drive circuitry for motor control. This code is used with W04-M01D5E (magnification control) for control involving novel motor drive aspects, or position feedback, only, for all other aspects of magnification control, W04-M01D5E is used alone.|Stepper, shift, automatic
W04-M01C1D|Current|(2014-    )|Detachable/interchangeable lens||This code covers lens units that can be removed from or fitted to a camera body. For interfacing and electrical connection details W04-M01D8A is also assigned.|Interchangeable, long focus lens, long lens, telephoto
W04-M01C1E|Current|(2011-    )|Variable lenses||This code covers the use of lenses with variable properties, e.g. where the lens is physically deformed to change its refractive power. If the variable lens is novel W04-M01C1A is also assigned. (V07 codes are also assigned for lenses with electrically-controlled variable parameters). W04-M01C1E does not cover lens systems in which magnification or focus is changed by changing the distance between lenses or between a lens and an image sensor.|Liquid crystal lens, ring electrodes, variable optical power lens element
W04-M01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Filters|||Neutral density
W04-M01C3A|Current|(1992-    )|For colour separation||Covers RGB matrix-type filters.|
W04-M01C3C|Current|(1992-    )|For removing specific wavelengths||This code covers filters designed to block transmission of specific wavelengths, e.g. optical high-pass filters such as IR-cut filters. Video cameras intended for imaging in the infrared spectrum are covered by W04-M01E1 codes.|
W04-M01C3D|Current|(2011-    )|Neutral density filter||This code covers filters designed to reduce the intensity of light, normally independent of wavelength, e.g. to allow use of different exposure settings.|
W04-M01C3E|Current|(1992-    )|Integral with pick-up device|||
W04-M01C3G|Current|(2011-    )|Polarizing filter||This code covers filters designed to block or reduce the intensity of light with a particular polarization, e.g. to reduce the effect of reflections.|
W04-M01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Beam splitter, mirror||Includes beam splitter or movable mirror for viewfinder of SLR camera.|
W04-M01C6|Current|(1992-    )|Connection with external optical system||Incudes connection with e.g. endoscope, which is also coded in S05-D04.|Coupler, fibre-optic, beam splitter
W04-M01C7|Current|(1992-    )|Electro-optical shutter, (electro)mechanical shutter and shutter drive||This code includes electromechanical or electro-optical shutters and from 2014 it is subdivided to distinguish these from motors and actuators for driving an electromechanical shutter which are specifically covered by W04-M01C7E. See V02-E02 for electromagnetic actuation and V06-M codes for motors. Electro-optical shutters are covered by W04-M01C7A. Electronic control of shutters is not included and is covered by W04-M01D5C. Electronic shutter action using controlled read-out of solid state imager is not included and is covered by W04-M01B5A and W04-M01D5C.|
W04-M01C7A|Current|(2014-    )|Electro-optical shutter||This code covers electro-optical shutter arrangements without moving parts, e.g. using liquid crystal devices. (Note that U14 or V07 codes are not assigned for this topic). 'Electronic shutter' arrangements based solely on controlling the image sensor itself, e.g. by limiting charge accumulation time, are not included and are covered by W04-M01B5A and W04-M01D5C.|LC, light valve
W04-M01C7C|Current|(2014-    )|(Electro)mechanical shutter||This code covers novelty in the shutter itself. Novel aspects of motors or actuators driving the shutter are covered by W04-M01C7E.|Blade, curtain, focal plane, leaf
W04-M01C7E|Current|(2014-    )|(Electro)mechanical shutter drive||See also V02-E02 for electromagnetic actuators and V06-M codes for motors.|Solenoid
W04-M01C8|Current|(2014-    )|Electro-optical iris diaphragm, (electro)mechanical iris diaphragm, and iris drive||This code includes mechanical, electromechanical or electro-optical iris diaphragms and from 2014 it is subdivided to distinguish these from motors and actuators for driving an electromechanical iris which are specifically covered by W04-M01C8E. See V02-E02 for electromagnetic actuation and V06-M codes for motors. Electro-optical iris diaphragms are covered by W04-M01C8A. Electronic control of irises is not included and is covered by W04-M01D5C.|
W04-M01C8A|Current|(2014-    )|Electro-optical iris diaphragm||This code covers electro-optical iris diaphragm arrangements without moving parts, e.g. using liquid crystal devices. The general code for electro-optical area modulation, V07-K01A2, is also assigned.|LC, light valve
W04-M01C8C|Current|(2014-    )|(Electro)mechanical aperture/iris||This code covers novelty in the iris diaphragm itself. Novel aspects of motors or actuators driving the iris are covered by W04-M01C8E.|Aperture, stop
W04-M01C8E|Current|(2014-    )|(Electro)mechanical aperture/iris drive||See also V02-E02 for electromagnetic actuators and V06-M codes for motors.|Solenoid
W04-M01C9|Current|(1992-    )|Other optical aspects of video cameras||Includes white balance reference plate, optical arrangements compensating camera shake (with W04-M01D7), lens cap, and arrangements for cleaning optical system including 'windscreen wiper' devices and ultrasonic vibration devices for dust removal. Ultrasonic and other vibration devices acting on the image sensor are covered by W04-M01B8 codes.|
W04-M01D|Current|(1987-    )|Control circuits, monitoring, displays, viewfinders||Codes in this section are used for general control circuits and with other codes for specific purposes. Studio aspects for control of several cameras, mixing, etc. are covered by W04-N codes.|
W04-M01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Operator controls and warning devices||Covers controls actually operated by user and devices signalling state of camera. Use with W04-M01D3 for warning as part of viewfinder display.|Switch, key, knob, setting, display, indicator
W04-M01D1A|Current|(1992-    )|Remote control||When remote control of camera combined with recording equipment is involved, W04-E04A codes are also used, otherwise see W05-D codes when remote control signal transfer aspect is significant.|
W04-M01D1C|Current|(2011-    )|GUI control aspects of cameras||This code covers the use of graphic user interfaces for controlling a camera and employing the camera display, including the use of touchscreens. Novel aspects of displays for cameras are covered by W04-M01D3A and of touchscreens by W04-M01D3E.|
W04-M01D2|Current|(1992-    )|General control and monitoring circuits||Prior to 199701 this code included generation and distribution of synchronising signals within camera, (also coded in W04-M05). From 9701 see W04-M01D2M.|
W04-M01D2A|Current|(1992-    )|Light metering||Photometry in general is covered by S03-A01 codes, which are not assigned here unless broader application is indicated. Thus, methods involving determination of scene brightness from the video signal itself (rather than a separate photosensitive device) would not normally be assigned S03 codes.|
W04-M01D2C|Current|(1992-    )|Range finding and subject location/tracking||Includes rangefinding for setting focus. Focus detection by video signal characteristics (e.g. HF content) is covered by W04-M01D2E. Includes tracking using 'beacon' transmitter, and automatic systems using movement/position detection, which are also coded in e.g. W06-A02C1. Prior to 1997 this code included identification of subject or region of interest by eye-gaze direction determination, when used with S05-D01C5A. From 1997, see W04-M01D2G, which is used alone to represent the gaze-direction aspect. (Similar systems for photographic cameras are covered by S06-B01E). This code also included detection of faces and facial expression but from 2011 this topic is covered by W04-M01D2F instead.|
W04-M01D2E|Current|(1992-    )|Focus detection||Covers determination of focusing state by video signal characteristics, such as HF content. Control of optical system is covered by W04-M01D5D.|
W04-M01D2F|Current|(2011-    )|Face and facial expression detection||This code covers the detection and identification of faces, parts of faces and facial expression of subjects to be photographed, e.g. to determine a region of interest or to control shutter actuation. Prior to 2011 this topic was covered by W04-M01D2C. Determination of eye gaze direction of the camera user is not included and is covered by W04-M01D2G. Facial recognition and detection as an application of image recognition is covered by T04-D07F1 which is also assigned as appropriate.|
W04-M01D2G|Current|(1997-    )|Eye-gaze direction determination|S05-D01C5A, W04-M01D2E|This code covers the determination of gaze direction of the camera user for purposes such as control of exposure parameters. Prior to 1997, see W04-M01D2C and S05-D01C5A, which was used to discriminate the eye-gaze aspect. See also W04-M01D3 codes for aspects involving viewfinders, e.g. IR LEDs, dedicated image sensor, special optics, etc. Analogous systems for photographic cameras are covered by S06-B01E. Detection and identification of faces, facial features, or expressions of subjects to be photographed is not included, and is covered by W04-M01D2F|
W04-M01D2J|Current|(1992-    )|Camera condition monitoring and testing||Includes calibration arrangements and self-checking circuits e.g. for low battery state in portable cameras (also assigned S01-G06 and X16-H codes). |
W04-M01D2M|Current|(1997-    )|Synchronising signal generation and distribution|W04-M01D2, W04-M05|Synchronising signal generators and 'studio' aspects are covered by W04-M05, which was assigned for this topic, with W04-M01D2, prior to 1997.|
W04-M01D2R|Current|(2007-    )|Controlling use of camera in restricted area||See W01-C01P6C for camera phones.|
W04-M01D2S|Current|(2014-    )|Software version control||This code covers software updating and version control for cameras. Software version management in general is covered by T01-F05F, which is also assigned for camera inventions as necessary|Download, firmware
W04-M01D2X|Current|(1992-    )|Other general control and monitoring circuits for cameras||This code covers control or sensing arrangements for video or still cameras not provided for in the above subdivisions. It includes accelerometers and the like (see e.g. S02-G03 or S02-H also) for use in detection of camera shake or vibration, for which W04-M01D7 is also assigned when part of a compensation system and the use of navigation information from e.g. GPS receivers, for which W06-A03A5 codes are also assigned.|
W04-M01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Viewfinders||For display of menus etc. see W04-J03C.|
W04-M01D3A|Current|(1992-    )|Display device||This code is intended to indicate novelty in the actual display device itself, such as an LCD for which U14-K01 codes are assigned to indicate the specific novel aspects. W04-M01D3A is not assigned for novelty in the camera or camera circuitry for which W04-M01D3C is used when specific display drive aspects are involved, or W04-M01D3 for more general details. Novel aspects of touchscreens are covered by W04-M01D3E which is assigned with this code when the display itself is also novel.|
W04-M01D3C|Current|(1992-    )|Display drive circuitry||Covers matrix addressing, tube drive circuits, etc.|
W04-M01D3E|Current|(2011-    )|Touchscreens for digital or video cameras||This code covers novel aspects of touchscreens for cameras. The use of touchscreens and graphic user interfaces for controlling a camera is covered by W04-M01D1C. When the display device itself is novel W04-M01D3A is also assigned.|
W04-M01D4|Current|(1992-    )|Character/subtitle generators||Subtitle generators for TV studio/video production use are coded in W04-N05C1A.|
W04-M01D5|Current|(1992-    )|Exposure control||Includes evaluation of scene condition information (provided by devices covered by W04-M01D2 codes), and control of function to optimise imaging.|
W04-M01D5A|Current|(1992-    )|Evaluation of exposure conditions|||
W04-M01D5B|Current|(1992-    )|Back-light compensation|||
W04-M01D5C|Current|(1992-    )|Control of aperture and/or shutter time||For electronic shutter action (simulating mechanical shutter) search with W04-M01B5A.|Iris, stop, diaphragm
W04-M01D5D|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic focus control||Mechanical aspects of focus adjustment are covered by W01-M01C1B for lens movement and W04-M01B8B for image sensor movement. Detection of focus state is covered by W04-M01D2E. Manual setting of focus is covered by W04-M01D1 and W04-M01C1B or W04-M01B8B. For automatic control, W04-M01C1B or W04-M01B8B are not assigned unless significant aspects of actuator driving are involved.|Closed loop, hill-climbing, servo, feedback, optimise
W04-M01D5E|Current|(1992-    )|Zooming and magnification control||This code is normally used alone unless specific aspects of control and interaction with the motor circuit per se are involved.|
W04-M01D5H|Current|(1997-    )|Light source control||Search with W04-M01H1 for control of continuous lighting units and W04-M01H5 for control of flash units. Drive circuit for discharge-tube type flash lamps are covered by X26-C01A.|
W04-M01D5X|Current|(1992-    )|Other exposure control|||
W04-M01D6|Current|(1992-    )|Image processing and function control||Used with W04-P and W04-N codes as appropriate, e.g. W04-P01D1 for white balance control, W04-N05C5E for red-eye removal (see T04-D07F1A for eye detection).|
W04-M01D6A|Current|(1997-    )|Image acquisition aspects||Covers processing associated with e.g. read-out of image sensor, such as compensation for imager characteristics. Use in conjunction with W04-P01H1 (and W04-M01B7) for solid state circuit imager dark current compensation.|
W04-M01D6C|Current|(2006-    )|Muti-standard processing||Includes arrangements for changing resolution of still pictures (see also W04-M01B1) and standards conversion (see also W04-N05A).|
W04-M01D7|Current|(1992-    )|Motion compensation||See W04-P01 and W04-M01G codes respectively for electronic and (electro-) mechanical movement compensation systems.|
W04-M01D8|Current|(1992-    )|Video and digital camera interfacing||This code covers arrangements for interfacing of video and digital cameras with other equipment and systems. From 2014 the code is subdivided to distinguish between interfacing with separate parts of the camera or accessories, e.g. detachable lenses (W04-M01D8A) and interfacing with equipment or systems that are not part of the camera or camera system (W04-M01D8C). Search with W04-K codes for specific aspects of interfacing, e.g. W04-K07 for novel connectors or cables.|
W04-M01D8A|Current|(2014-    )|Interfacing with separate part of camera or camera system||This code covers interfacing with separate parts of a camera or accessories that may be detachable from the main camera body, such as lenses (for which W04-M01C1D is also assigned) or electronic flash units (for which W04-M01H5 is also applied).|
W04-M01D8C|Current|(2014-    )|Interfacing with separate equipment or system||This code covers novel aspects of interfacing with equipment or systems that do not form part of the camera or camera system. It includes interfacing with equipment such as computers, for which W04-K08 is also assigned and also interfacing with printers, other cameras and data networks.|
W04-M01D9|Current|(1992-    )|Other camera control|||
W04-M01E|Current|(1987-    )|For IR imaging, optomechanical scanning|W04-M01X|Includes 'staring' and scanning types. Non-video night vision systems are covered by W07-G codes, (tubes per se are coded in V05-D03 codes).|
W04-M01E1|Current|(1992-    )|IR imager|||FLIR imager, pyroelectric camera, heat sensing camera
W04-M01E1A|Current|(1992-    )|IR-sensitive pick-up device||See also appropriate code for solid-state pick-up element, e.g. U14-E01, or U13-A codes|
W04-M01E5|Current|(1992-    )|Optomechanical scanning systems||See V07-K05 also.|Galvanometer mirror, polygonal mirror, motor driven scanning
W04-M01E5A|Current|(1992-    )|With single scanning direction||Includes systems with subscanning action provided by motion of subject or imaging platform.|Satellite, missile, push-broom, vehicle, traffic, rail, train
W04-M01E5C|Current|(1992-    )|With main- and sub-scanning||Includes optomechanical/electromechanical arrangements to provide simultaneous line and field scanning.|
W04-M01F|Current|(1987-    )|For X-ray and other non-light imaging|W04-M01X|Includes medical diagnostic imaging (see S05-D02 or S05-D03 codes also), but not systems where the primary means of 'imaging' uses visible radiation. Medical ultrasound systems are not routinely covered in W04-M01F.|Image converter, image intensifier
W04-M01F1|Current|(1992-    )|X-ray imaging|||
W04-M01F3|Current|(1992-    )|Nuclear imaging|||Gamma camera
W04-M01F5|Current|(1992-    )|Ultrasonic imaging|||
W04-M01G|Current|(1987-    )|Constructional details||Includes mounting, tripod, housing etc., and constructional features of cameras per se.|
W04-M01G1|Current|(1992-    )|Camera construction|||Cooling, condensation prevention, heating
W04-M01G1A|Current|(1992-    )|Camera housing|||Casing, cabinet
W04-M01G1B|Current|(1992-    )|Internal constructional details|||PCB, card, circuit, shield
W04-M01G5|Current|(1992-    )|Carrying case for portable camera||Includes shoulder straps, etc.|
W04-M01G7|Current|(1992-    )|Tripods, supports||Includes collapsible supports and permanent mountings e.g. for surveillance camera (also assigned W02-F01 codes).|
W04-M01G7A|Current|(1997-    )|Fixed mounting|||
W04-M01G7C|Current|(1997-    )|Movable mounting||Includes motor-driven positioning system. Search with W04-M01D2C for arrangements tracking a subject by moving the camera.|
W04-M01H|Current|(1992-    )|Light sources|W04-M01X|See X26 codes for details of light sources per se and fittings. Includes lighting integral with, or detachable from, portable cameras. TV studio lighting is covered by W04-N01. Prior to 1997, light source control was covered in W04-M01D9, but is now transferred to W04-M01D5H.|
W04-M01H1|Current|(1997-    )|Continuous illumination|||
W04-M01H5|Current|(1997-    )|Flash light||Electronic still-picture cameras are assigned W04-M01B1 codes. Recording of single pictures with other types of recording equipment, e.g. VTRs, is covered by W04-E20C5 and W04-B10 codes. See S06-B03 codes for details of photographic camera flash circuits.|Stroboscope
W04-M01H5A|Current|(2007-    )|Pre-light emission/Red eye reduction||Includes use of separate light source for pre-light emission before main flash to prevent red eye. Light source control aspects are covered in W04-M01D5H. See S06-B03A1 for non-digital camera.|
W04-M01J|Current|(1992-    )|Camera systems for imaging still pictures||Covers the use of video cameras to image static objects such as slides and photographs, e.g. for video slide viewer (also coded in S06-B06B). 'Digital' ('electronic still picture') cameras are covered by W04-M01B1 codes, and telecine machines by W04-M02. Facsimile systems are not included and are covered by S06-D to K codes.|Document camera, rostrum camera
W04-M01K|Current|(1992-    )|Camera-recorder|W04-M01X||
W04-M01L|Current|(1992-    )|Stereoscopic image generating camera system|W04-M09|Complete stereoscopic TV systems are covered by W02-F03B codes, stereoscopic TV receivers are assigned W03-A12A and other W03-A codes as appropriate. Search with W04-M01V for stereoscopic imaging systems employing two or more video cameras.|
W04-M01M|Current|(2005-    )|Audio aspects||Covers all audio aspects of video cameras. Prior to 2005 this topic was included in W04-M01X.|
W04-M01P|Current|(1992-    )|Power supplies|||
W04-M01P1|Current|(1992-    )|Mains power|||
W04-M01P5|Current|(1992-    )|Battery power supply||Includes battery per se. See X16 codes also.|
W04-M01P5A|Current|(1992-    )|Battery charging|||
W04-M01S|Current|(2005-    )|Panoramic camera|W04-M01X|Use in conjunction with W04-M01C6 for optical arrangements and with W04-N05C5 for 'stitch mode'. For moving platforms see also W04-M01G7C.|
W04-M01V|Current|(2006-    )|Multiple camera systems||Search along with W04-F01P and W02-F01A for CCTV security systems recording multiple camera outputs. Search with W04-M01L for stereoscopic imaging systems employing e.g. two video cameras.|
W04-M01V1|Current|(2014-    )|Multiple cameras within same equipment housing||This code covers the use of two or more digital or video cameras or image sensor arrangements that are contained within the same housing and are therefore part of the same equipment, e.g. for stereoscopic imaging with W04-M01L or in a mobile phone with front and rear-facing cameras used at the same time, for which W01-C01D3C and W01-C01P6C are also assigned.|
W04-M01V5|Current|(2014-    )|Multiple cameras in separate housings||This code is assigned for inventions depending on the use of two or more digital or video cameras that are contained within separate housings and therefore are not part of the same equipment. For stereoscopic imaging search with W04-M01L and for multiple-camera aspects of CCTV surveillance systems with W02-F01A5.|
W04-M01W|Current|(2011-    )|Internal wiring of camera||This code is intended to highlight internal wiring details, including wires, cables and flexible PCB wiring arrangements, but not wiring within an integrated circuit. It includes both novel wires and cables (for which X12-D codes are also assigned) and constructional aspects such as the arrangement of wiring for which W04-M01G1B is also assigned. Arrangement of wiring within equipment in general is covered by V04-T01A.|
W04-M01X|Current||Other video cameras||This code covers aspects of electronic imaging cameras not covered by the above subdivisions, including industrial inspection applications where the use of the camera is significant and linked to the novelty in some way. S02 or S03 codes, (e.g. S02-J04 or S03-E04 codes) are applied for these topics as appropriate. Also included are additional devices built-into a camera, for which codes for the particular device should also be employed when searching.|
W04-M02|Current||Telecine||See W04-M01 codes for image pick-up details and S06-B05 codes (cinematography) also.|Film, scan, frame, intermittent, gate, pull, continuous, photograph, cine
W04-M05|Current|(1992-    )|Synchronising and blanking signal generators|W04-M09|TV receiver synchronising circuitry is covered by W03-A06 codes.|
W04-M07|Current|(1992-    )|Video pattern generators||Includes generation of test patterns (see W02-F04A codes also).|
W04-M09|Current||Video and synchronising signal generators - other|||
W04-N|Current|(1980-    )|Video special effects and manipulation, TV studio equipment||Codes in this section relate to equipment for use in TV studios or for analogous purposes. W04-N05G codes are used to indicate application but only when this is stated or implied.|Video mixing desk, special effects generator, picture inlay, chromakeying, delay compensation, lighting control desk
W04-N01|Current|(1992-    )|Studio and outside broadcast equipment||Includes e.g. lighting, camera control consoles (also coded in W04-N05B codes for video mixing and switching aspects, but not cameras per se, which are covered by W04-M01 codes, or telecine, which is covered by W04-M02). For video processing see W04-N05 codes which cover such aspects as standards conversion, chroma keying, etc.|TV opaque projection, telop, teleprompter, autocue, intercom, talkback
W04-N05|Current|(1992-    )|Equipment with video processing function||See also W04-P codes as appropriate for video processing. Where computer data processing is involved, T01-J10 codes are also assigned.|
W04-N05A|Current|(1992-    )|Standards conversion equipment||Standards conversion in TV receivers is covered by W03-A11A, in recording equipment by W04-F01H3.|
W04-N05A1|Current|(2005-    )|Transcoding|||
W04-N05B|Current|(1992-    )|Video mixing and switching equipment||Includes equipment for CCTV monitoring. (See also W02-F01 codes. W04-N05G5 is also assigned).|
W04-N05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Video mixing equipment|||Fade, blend, wipe, merge, combine, channel
W04-N05B5|Current|(1992-    )|Video switching equipment||Where actual switching details are involved, W01-B codes may be assigned also.|
W04-N05C|Current|(1992-    )|Image generation and manipulation, including special effects equipment||These codes cover the generation and manipulation of images for special effects or other purposes, such as image correction. Generation of images by video cameras is not included, being covered by W04-M01 codes. Manipulation of images in TV receivers is not included and is covered by W03-A13E codes. For computer-based image processing aspects search with T01-J10 codes.|
W04-N05C1|Current|(1992-    )|Image generation system||This code covers the generation of images electronically, e.g. using computer graphics techniques, and not the generation of images of real-world scenes using e.g. a camera.|
W04-N05C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Subtitle and text generator|||Crawling text
W04-N05C3|Current|(1992-    )|Image manipulation systems||This code covers the application of image processing techniques to the manipulation of images, including moving, enlarging/reducing, correcting geometry and image cropping (as represented by W04-N05C3G from 2014). T01-J10 codes for computer-based image processing are also assigned as appropriate.|
W04-N05C3A|Current|(1997-    )|Moving image, or part of image|||
W04-N05C3C|Current|(1997-    )|Enlarging or reducing image|||
W04-N05C3E|Current|(2009-    )|Correcting image geometry||This code covers the application of image manipulation processing to the correction of faults in image geometry. Examples include 'keystone' correction in video projectors (with W04-Q01J) and compensation for camera optical system distortions (with W04-M01D6 codes as appropriate if carried out in the camera itself). Prior to 2009 W04-M01C9 ('Other optical aspects of video cameras') was assigned to indicate that optical system defects were being compensated for. From 2009 W04-M01C9 is no longer applied for this topic and would only be assigned for systems acting directly on the optical system itself.|Screen angle, perpendicular, normal, trapezium, fisheye, wide angle, lens, aberration
W04-N05C3G|Current|(2014-    )|Image cropping||Covers selection of a desired area of an image and deleting the remainder.|Border, edge, trim, remove frame
W04-N05C5|Current|(1992-    )|Picture inlay or overlay system||For combining real-world and computer generated images for augmented reality search with W04-W07E1. Picture inlay circuitry for TV receivers is covered by W03-A13 codes.|Inset, superimpose
W04-N05C5A|Current|(1992-    )|By chroma keying|||Colour, blue, background, video switch
W04-N05C5E|Current|(1997-    )|Replacing designated part of image||Includes arrangements e.g. using recognition techniques to detect text in an image, or 'coding' a region of an image in some way, to substitute text in another language, or alternative images. For application to inserting 'domestic' advertisements in e.g. a sporting event broadcast from overseas, search with W05-E03C (TV with advertising) from 2002, W05-E03 prior to that.|
W04-N05C7|Current|(2014-    )|Image manipulation for stereoscopic or depth imaging||This code covers arrangements for creating stereoscopic or pseudo-stereoscopic images, e.g. from separate still images or video sources, and also for modifying the perceived depth of such images, both previously covered by W04-N05C9. W04-N05C7 is not assigned for normal stereoscopic video cameras, which are covered by W04-M01L, unless image processing to vary the depth characteristic of images produced is also involved.|Blend, merge, offset, parallax
W04-N05C9|Old|(1992-2013)|Special effect equipment - other||Includes simulation of 3-D images. Stereoscopic video camera arrangements are covered by W04-M01L, stereoscopic TV systems in general by W02-F03B codes and computer graphics aspects of three-dimensional image generation are covered by T01-J10C4.|
W04-N05C9|Current|(2014-    )|Other special effect equipment||Prior to 2014 this code included simulation of 3-D images and also modification of the perceived depth of such images, both of which are now covered by W04-N05C7. Stereoscopic video camera arrangements are covered by W04-M01L, stereoscopic TV systems in general by W02-F03B codes and computer graphics aspects of three dimensional image generation are covered by T01-J10C4.|
W04-N05G|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by application||Codes in this section are intended to discriminate between broadcast and video production applications, and those performing analogous functions for use in e.g. industry. The codes are only applied when an application is stated.|
W04-N05G1|Current|(1992-    )|For TV studio or video production facility|||
W04-N05G3|Current|(2007-    )|For digital cinematography|||
W04-N05G5|Current|(1992-    )|For industrial or commercial application|||
W04-P|Current||Video signal processing||See W03-A codes for TV receiver details, W04-F codes for application to recording. Where computer data processing of video is involved, T01-J10 codes are also assigned.|Image, camera, television, chrominance, luminance, code, encode, picture, memory
W04-P01|Current|(1987-    )|Video processing type and applications||For application to video cameras (i.e. circuitry forming part of camera), search with W04-M01D6.|
W04-P01A|Current|(1987-    )|Encoding||Includes encoding and decoding apparatus and methods e.g. for compression, bandwidth reduction, etc. See T01-J10D for computer-based image compression and coding, U21-A codes for encoding in general, W04-V05 codes for speech signal encoding, W04-V10 codes for audio coding, and W02-G04 codes for bandwidth reduction in non-video systems.|Motion detection, vector quantisation, digitising, fractal, transformation
W04-P01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Movement detection system||This code is used as a general code for detection and estimation of movement and may thus be used for applications such as automatic alarm actuation. (See also W02-F01, W05-B01C codes). When specific to hybrid or predictive video coding W04-P01A4A and W04-P01A5A are respectively assigned instead of W04-P01A1.|
W04-P01A2|Current|(2007-    )|Multiple video stream encoding, using foveation zones||Includes compression techniques using redundant data across multiple video streams or viewing angles.|
W04-P01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Transform coding||This code is intended for transform video and image coding methods, e.g. JPEG and its variants. Combined transform and predictive coding is covered by W04-P01A4 codes which take precedence over this code.|
W04-P01A3A|Current|(2005-    )|Novel transform aspects|||DCT, Wavelet
W04-P01A3C|Current|(2005-    )|Quantization|||
W04-P01A3E|Current|(2005-    )|Run length, variable length encoding|||Entropy coding
W04-P01A3F|Current|(2014-    )|Converting between variable and fixed rate transform encoding||This code is intended to highlight fixed and variable rate aspects of transform-based video encoding. Fixed and variable rate aspects of hybrid video encoding are covered by W04-P01A4F, which takes precedence over this code.|
W04-P01A3G|Current|(2012-    )|Transform coding motion detection and estimation||Motion detection or estimation for hybrid coding is covered by W04-P01A4A, for purely predictive coding by W04-P01A5A, and for general and non-coding purposes by W04-P01A1.|
W04-P01A3J|Current|(2012-    )|Transform coding motion compensation||Motion compensation for hybrid coding is covered by W04-P01A4C and for purely predictive coding by W04-P01A5C.|
W04-P01A4|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid coding||This code is chiefly intended for combined transform and predictive coding, e.g. MPEG coding, H.263, H.264 and variants. From 2014, all coding for the purposes of broadcasting and streaming is assumed to be of this type unless specific details indicate otherwise.|AVC, CABAC, HEVC
W04-P01A4A|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid coding motion detection and estimation||Motion detection or estimation for purely predictive coding is covered by W04-P01A5A and for general and non-coding purposes by W04-P01A1.|
W04-P01A4C|Current|(1997-    )|Motion compensation|W04-P01A3, W04-P01A5A|Motion compensation for predictive coding is covered by W04-P01A5C (prior to 1997 see W04-P01A5A).|
W04-P01A4E|Current|(2005-    )|Novel transform aspects||Novel transform aspects for pure transform coding are covered by W04-P01A3A.|DCT, MDDT, Mode Dependent Directional Transformation, wavelet
W04-P01A4F|Current|(2008-    )|Converting between variable and fixed rate encoding||This code is intended to highlight fixed and variable rate aspects of video encoding.|
W04-P01A4G|Current|(2005-    )|Quantization|||
W04-P01A4J|Current|(2005-    )|Run length, variable length encoding|||Entropy coding
W04-P01A4L|Current|(2005-    )|Reducing artefacts|||
W04-P01A4N|Current|(2005-    )|3-dimensional transforms|||
W04-P01A4S|Current|(2005-    )|Scalability arrangements||Covers arrangements to allow change in bandwidth according to conditions or capability of receiver.|
W04-P01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Predictive coding|||
W04-P01A5A|Current|(1992-    )|Predictive coding motion detection and estimation||Motion detection or estimation for hybrid coding is covered by W04-P01A4A and for general and non-coding purposes by W04-P01A1.|
W04-P01A5C|Current|(1997-    )|Motion compensation|||
W04-P01A5G|Current|(2011-    )|Quantization for predictive video coding||Quantization for hybrid coding is covered by W04-P01A4G which takes precedence over this code.|
W04-P01A6|Current|(2014-    )|Detecting and correcting errors||This code is intended to highlight inventions concerned with detection and/or correction of errors in video encoding. It includes arrangements for dealing with errors arising from corrupted image data and also problems with recognizing type of coding, start codes, or other ancillary data. Error detection and correction in digital data transmission in general is covered by W01-A01B codes and for digital data in general by U21-A06 codes.|
W04-P01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Determining emotional status of speaker||Involves methods for discarding sampled values, e.g. by considering values of adjacent sample points.|Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding, MUSE, phase alternate sub-Nyquist sampling, PASS, sample dropping, merging
W04-P01A8|Current|(1997-    )|Coding based on fractals||Covers image coding using algorithms to generate fractal codes.|Fractional dimension, graftal, pattern, shape, irregularity
W04-P01B|Current|(1987-    )|For non-visible spectrum imaging||Includes video processing specific to IR, X-ray etc., e.g. in medical systems, (see S05-D codes also, such as S05-D02A).|Digital subtractive imaging, angiography, DSA
W04-P01C|Current|(1987-    )|Frame stores, video memory and solid-state video recorder/player||See W04-N05C codes also for TV special effects application.|
W04-P01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Novel frame stores and video memory||This code is assigned for novel aspects of solid-state memories intended to store still images or video. Circuitry for reading from or writing into memories of this type is covered by W04-P01C5. Use of solid-state memory in computer systems is covered by T01-H01B3 codes and novel memories in general are covered by U14-A codes.|
W04-P01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Memory addressing and control|||Variable readout control, scan conversion, scan reversal
W04-P01C8|Current|(2005-    )|Solid state video recorder/player||Includes devices storing and reproducing video and also still pictures, e.g. in an electronic photoframe.|
W04-P01D|Current|(1987-    )|White balance and colour temperature control|||
W04-P01D1|Current|(1992-    )|White balance control|||
W04-P01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Colour balance and colour temperature control|||
W04-P01E|Current|(1987-    )|Gamma and aperture correction|||Contour
W04-P01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Gamma control||Correction for unequal amplitude response is covered by W04-P01H1.|
W04-P01E3|Current|(1992-    )|Edge correction, crispening|||Peaking, emphasis circuit
W04-P01E5|Current|(1992-    )|Aperture correction|||
W04-P01E7|Current|(1992-    )|Compensating phase shift in signal processing||Includes correction of phase errors in colour separation from single image pick-up device.|
W04-P01E8|Current|(1992-    )|Dynamic range control, amplitude compression||See U24-C02B for amplitude compression in general.|
W04-P01F|Current|(1992-    )|Noise reduction, error concealment|W04-P01X|Codes in this section are used to indicate arrangements for improving signal-to-noise ratio of a video signal, which may include compensating for noise-introducing defects in, for example, imaging devices. Compensation for imperfect imaging device characteristics in general is covered by W04-P01H codes. Noise reduction in connection with video recording is covered by W04-F01E codes and specifically for received radio signals, by W02-G03B codes.|
W04-P01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Noise reduction|W04-P01X||
W04-P01F3|Current|(1992-    )|Error concealment|W04-P01X|Includes interpolation with adjacent pixel values.|
W04-P01H|Current|(1992-    )|Compensation processing for imager characteristics|W04-P01X|Gamma and aperture correction is covered by W04-P01E codes. See W04-P01F codes for particular noise reduction or error concealment. Specifically, use W04-P01H with W04-P01F3 for systems concealing defective pixels. For video camera application see e.g. W04-M01B7 and W04-M01D6A.|
W04-P01H1|Current|(1992-    )|Non-uniform amplitude response correction|W04-P01X|Includes correction for dark current and varying sensitivity of imager photosites.|
W04-P01H3|Current|(1992-    )|Correcting for 'charge-leakage' phenomena|W04-P01X|Includes correction for blooming.|
W04-P01K|Current|(1992-    )|Clamping circuits|W04-P01X|Covers circuits establishing DC level of video signal. For such circuitry in TV receivers, see W03-A04C and, in general, U24-C02A5.|
W04-P01L|Current|(1992-    )|Luminance/chrominance separation||This code covers processing of color video signals involving the separation of luminance and chrominance components. For application to color TV receivers or color video displays see W03-A05B codes.|Luma-chroma, Y-C
W04-P01N|Current|(1992-    )|Time shifting|W04-P01X|Includes delay circuits and compensation for delays e.g. to equalise signal paths, for timebase correction etc. (For recording see W04-F02B).|
W04-P01X|Current|(1987-    )|Video processing type and applications - other|||
W04-Q|Current||Colour coders; TV projection|||
W04-Q01|Current|(1987-    )|Video projectors and projection displays||This code and its subdivisions cover displays using projection of video or similar information on a screen. Codes relating to application are also assigned, e.g. for projection TV receivers search with W03 codes, for computer displays search with T04-H03E. Also included are special-purpose projection displays such as head-up displays projecting video information (covered by W04-Q01K) and direct retinal projection displays (covered by W04-Q01L).|Projection screen, transmission screen, optical system, laser projection system
W04-Q01A|Current|(1987-    )|Using CRT||For optical and cooling aspects of tubes see V05-D07C codes also.|Colour filter, liquid filter, tube face cooling, alignment/convergence adjustment
W04-Q01B|Current|(1987-    )|Using light valve e.g. LCD||See V07-K01A2 for area modulation of light in general.|Liquid crystal, light source, cooling
W04-Q01B1|Current|(1992-    )|With laser light source|||
W04-Q01B2|Current|(2007-    )|With LED light source|||
W04-Q01B3|Current|(1997-    )|Using mirror-array device|||
W04-Q01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Novel light valve||Search with W04-Q01B3 for novel mirror-array devices.|
W04-Q01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Novel light source||Laser aspects are covered by W04-Q01B1. See also appropriate codes in X26 for light sources, reflectors, etc. For light source testing and monitoring search in conjunction with W04-Q01J.|
W04-Q01E|Current|(1992-    )|Optical system||Includes lenses and filters, but not light valves, which are covered by W04-Q01B. For systems specific to the type of projection system e.g. using a CRT, see also the appropriate W04-Q01 code. Screens are covered by W04-Q01F.|
W04-Q01E1|Current|(1997-    )|Lens system|||
W04-Q01E1A|Current|(1997-    )|Focus adjustment|||
W04-Q01E1C|Current|(1997-    )|Novel lens details|||
W04-Q01E3|Current|(1997-    )|Filter|||
W04-Q01E3A|Current|(1997-    )|Colour filter, colour separation filter|||
W04-Q01E3C|Current|(1997-    )|Removing specific wavelength||Includes IR cut filters.|
W04-Q01E5|Current|(1997-    )|Reflection systems||Includes static mirrors and prisms. Optomechanical and electro-reflective scanning systems are covered in W04-Q01E7S.|
W04-Q01E7|Current|(2005-    )|Beam splitter, polariser and other optical arrangements|||
W04-Q01E7A|Current|(2005-    )|Beam splitter|||
W04-Q01E7C|Current|(2005-    )|Polarising, diffraction gratings, polarising filters||Prior to 2007 polarisation filters are covered in W04-Q01E3.|Quarter wave plate
W04-Q01E7S|Current|(2007-    )|Scanning arrangements||Includes optomechanical and electro-reflective scanning systems|
W04-Q01E7X|Current|(2007-    )|Other optical elements|||
W04-Q01F|Current|(1992-    )|Screens|||
W04-Q01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission screens|||
W04-Q01F3|Current|(1992-    )|Reflective screens|||
W04-Q01F5|Current|(2005-    )|Volumetric, non-planar projection screens or media||From 2014 video projectors specifically intended for use with screens of this type are covered by W04-Q01P.|
W04-Q01H|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details, cooling||See V04-S and V04-T03 codes respectively for construction and cooling of electrical equipment in general.|
W04-Q01H1|Current|(1997-    )|Casing, cabinet, mountings|||
W04-Q01H5|Current|(1997-    )|Internal construction and cooling|||
W04-Q01J|Current|(2002-    )|Projection display circuitry||Covers circuitry for controlling output of projection display. Includes auto-focusing and arrangements to correct distortion of image when screen is not normal to projection axis.|
W04-Q01J1|Current|(2005-    )|Monitoring display output||Covers use of sensors or CCD.|
W04-Q01J3|Current|(2011-    )|Video projector remote control||Remote control for TV receivers is covered by W03-A02C codes and for AV equipment in general by W03-G05A codes.|
W04-Q01J5|Current|(2006-    )|Copy protection systems||Includes arrangements for projecting UV or IR light onto screen in order to prevent recording by video camera. Copy protection involving signal processing is covered in W04-F01L1.|
W04-Q01J7|Current|(2011-    )|Power supplies and power saving||Novel aspects of power supplies are also assigned U24-D. -E or -F codes as appropriate. Power supplies for TV receiivers are covered by W03-A07 codes and for AV equipment in general by W03-G02 codes, which were also assigned with W04-Q01 codes for projector PSU inventions prior to 2011.|
W04-Q01K|Current|(1992-    )|Head-up display application||See also under application, e.g. W06-B01B for aircraft, X22-E for automobiles.|
W04-Q01L|Current|(2002-    )|Direct retinal projection display||This code is intended for displays which directly project an image onto the retina of the viewer, and thus is likely to be in the form of a head-mounted display. For application to such displays the following codes are also assigned :W03-A08E7A for TV receiver HMD; W04-W07E1A for virtual reality HMD; and W05-E07 for HMD of general application.|
W04-Q01P|Current|(2014-    )|Panoramic and volumetric projection||This code covers video and electronic image projectors which form images on non-planar screens, such as adjoining walls of a room or curved or annular screens. Novel screens for use with this kind of projector are covered by W04-Q01F5. Image processing systems to adapt image geometry to the projection screen surface are covered by W04-N05C3E. When applied to virtual reality systems W04-W07E1 is also assigned while for simulators other codes are assigned as necessary, e.g. W06-B04 for aircraft, W06-C04 for ship and W04-W07A and X22-X for land vehicle driving simulators.|
W04-Q01S|Current|(2005-    )|Stereoscopic and 3-dimensional projection display|||
W04-Q05|Current|(1992-    )|Colour coder|||Modulator, subcarrier generator
W04-R|Current||Stereo- and quadraphonic systems|||Left, right channel, stereophonic, amplifier
W04-R01|Current|(1992-    )|System type|||
W04-R01A|Current|(1992-    )|Pseudo-stereophonic|||Frequency separation
W04-R01C|Current|(1992-    )|Stereophonic|||
W04-R01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Binaural|||Dummy head, recording, sound source location
W04-R01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Surround sound system|||
W04-R01E|Current|(1992-    )|Quadraphonic|||
W04-R05|Current|(1992-    )|Sound field control||Parametric audio systems are covered in W04-S05P and are not coded here.|
W04-R05A|Current|(1992-    )|Responsive to e.g. sensed location of listener|||
W04-S|Current||Loudspeaker enclosures; public address systems|||
W04-S01|Current|(1992-    )|Loudspeaker enclosures and leads|||
W04-S01A|Current|(1992-    )|Mountings for enclosure|||
W04-S01C|Current|(1992-    )|Connectors, leads|||Plug, socket, wiring
W04-S01E|Current|(1992-    )|Enclosure|||Speaker, acoustic, box, housing, cabinet baffle, reflex enclosure, acoustic wadding, port, grille, dust cover
W04-S01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Loudspeaker mounting||Also coded in V06-A and V06-G01.|
W04-S01E5|Current|(1992-    )|Achieving desired directional effect or frequency response||Also coded in V06-A and V06-G02.|
W04-S05|Current|(1992-    )|Public address and stage equipment||Includes analogous equipment used in sound broadcasting and recording apart from mixing desks which are coded in W04-G05.|Loudhailer, PA system, concert, exhibition, conference, monitor loudspeakers, acoustic feedback suppression, phase/frequency shifter
W04-S05A|Current|(1992-    )|Amplifiers, mixing desk||Details of mixing desks are covered by W04-G05 codes.|
W04-S05C|Current|(1992-    )|Microphones, stands||Microphones in general are covered by V06-B02.|
W04-S05C1|Current|(1992-    )|Cordless/wireless microphone|||
W04-S05P|Current|(2005-    )|Parametric Audio systems||Covers use of separate ultrasound sources providing highly directional beams that interfere at precise location. Includes non-PA system applications.|
W04-T|Current||Circuits for transducers||See also V06-H. This code is used for circuits through which the transducer current flows, e.g. for impedance matching. It is m:not intended for circuitry preceding an amplifier which drives the transducer, for example.|Loudspeaker, microphone, amplify, feedback, impedance matching, crossover network, bridge network, motional feedback, motion pick-up transducer, MFB
W04-T01|Current|(1997-    )|Impedance matching||Impedance matching in general, using lumped constant circuit elements, is covered by U25-D05.|
W04-T03|Current|(1997-    )|Motional feedback (MFB)|| This code is assigned for audio reproduction systems in which the output transducer, e.g. a loudspeaker, is incorporated into a feedback loop so that any non-linearity in its characteristics can be compensated for. Includes use of an additional transducer such as a microphone or accelerometer and also networks to isolate a signal such as back EMF that corresponds to motion of e.g. a diaphragm or voice coil.|
W04-T05|Current|(1997-    )|Frequency selective networks||Includes crossover networks.|
W04-U|Current||Electrical musical instruments|||
W04-U01|Current||Electronic tone generation||See also U23 codes for novel tone-generating circuits, e.g. reading sine wave values from memory, covered by U23-F codes.|Memory-storage, waveform generator, read-out circuit, variable clock, master oscillator, sample, synthesis
W04-U01A|Current|(1997-    )|Tone generators||Includes oscillators used in additive and subtractive synthesisers (see W04-U03C) and waveform generators using acoustic modelling.|
W04-U01C|Current|(1997-    )|Memory access||Covers use of stored values (using ROM or RAM) to produce periodic waveforms, e.g. in 'wavetable' synthesis.|
W04-U01C1|Current|(1997-    )|Sampling|W04-U01, W04-U04D|See also W04-U03 codes for control aspects and synthesisers, and W04-U04D for input-output aspects.|
W04-U02|Current||Electromechanical tone generation; instruments using pick-ups|||
W04-U02A|Current|(1992-    )|Instruments using pick-ups|||Electric guitar, violin, transducer, string, bridge, fret
W04-U02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Pick-up per se||See V06 codes for transducer detail.|
W04-U02C|Current|(1992-    )|Electromechanical tone or sound generation|||Player piano, solenoid actuation, drum
W04-U03|Current||Controlling tone frequencies; producing special effects|||Level control, tone mixing, waveform shaping
W04-U03A|Current|(1992-    )|Controlling generation or combination of tones|||
W04-U03C|Current|(1992-    )|Synthesiser systems||Includes use of time varying filters and amplifiers, FM etc.|Additive, subtractive
W04-U03E|Current|(1992-    )|Special effects||Includes delay effects, e.g. reverberation. Also covers novel special effect processing for amplified or recorded acoustic intruments or voice, e.g. in karaoke device.|
W04-U04|Current||Electrophonic instrument details - other||Includes selection circuits, accompaniment, keyboards, I/O, and construction.|
W04-U04A|Current|(1992-    )|Keyboards, pedals, and circuitry|||Key switch, electronic switch, stop, voice, pedals
W04-U04C|Current|(1992-    )|Accompaniment systems|||Automatic rhythm generator
W04-U04D|Current|(1992-    )|Input/output arrangements||Includes arrangements for interfacing with other equipment. See W04-U05 for MIDI aspect.|
W04-U04G|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details|||
W04-U04J|Current|(1997-    )|Electronic musical instruments - other||Covers non-keyboard instruments with electronic actuators, e.g. guitar synthesizers, electronic drum pads.|
W04-U05|Current|(1992-    )|Musical instrument digital interface|W04-U09|Includes general aspects. See also W04-U04D for specific circuitry or operation details for instrument per se, and W04-G05B for sound mixing interface aspects.|
W04-U06|Current|(1997-    )|Sequencers and composition systems|W04-U07|Includes transcription systems. Prior to 1997 these were coded under W04-U07.|
W04-U07|Current|(1992-    )|Musical training system|W04-U09|Includes practice equipment. From 199201 to 199701 electronic music transcription systems were included. These are now coded under W04-U06.|Practice equipment, keyboard order/position display
W04-U08|Current|(1992-    )|Sound-to-light conversion equipment|||Colour organ
W04-U09|Current||Electrical musical instruments - other||Includes metronome (see S04-C09 also).|Electric bell, gong, chimes, sound-to-light converter
W04-V|Current||Analysis, synthesis and processing of sound waves||Includes acoustic noise reduction system using antiphase sound, which is covered by W04-V07 codes. Novel aspects of speech recognition or synthesis are respectively assigned W04-V01 and W04-V02. Inventions involving the use of these techniques only, without any novelty being involved, are covered by W04-V04 codes. General audio-video signal processing aspects, including sound mixing and switching are covered in W04-G.|Digital, speaker, word, code, memory, model, pattern reference, encode, allophonic, formant, phoneme, linear predictive coding (LPC)
W04-V01|Current|(1987-    )|Novel aspects of analysis or recognition|||Parsing, segmentation, speaker-dependent, speaker-independent
W04-V02|Current|(1987-    )|Synthesis/generation|||
W04-V04|Current|(1992-    )|Speech analysis and synthesis applications||Includes systems where method of analysis or synthesis is not necessarily novel. Previously coded in W04-V (no subdivision) if substantial disclosure of details. From 2002, W04-V04A7 is introduced to specifically cover the analysis of non-speech sound waves.|
W04-V04A|Current|(1992-    )|Analysis systems|||Voice-input, hands-free
W04-V04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Determining presence of speech only||Covers systems intended to discriminate speech from e.g. noise or other signals, without recognition of words, phrases, etc.|Automatic telephone dialler, call progress tone detector
W04-V04A3|Current|(2002-    )|Determining speaker characteristics||From 2014 the title of this code has been changed to reflect the previous inclusion of arrangements for determining the gender of a speaker, now covered by the specific subdivision W04-V04A3C. Inventions described by the original title of this code - i.e. 'Determining identity of speaker' - are now covered by W04-V04A3A. |
W04-V04A3A|Current|(2014-    )|Identifying individual||This code covers biometric identification of a speaker based on their unique vocal characteristics and should be searched with other codes for specific applications, e.g. with W01-C01D3C and W01-C01Q8C for control of access to a mobile phone based on recognizing a speaker.|
W04-V04A3C|Current|(2014-    )|Discriminating gender of speaker||This code covers discrimination between male and female speakers, e.g. based on fundamental frequencies, without necessarily involving identification of the speaker themselves.|
W04-V04A4|Current|(2008-    )|Determining emotional status of speaker||For determining the emotional status of a speaker by analysing characteristics e.g. volume level, pitch of the speaker's voice, and/or words used by the speaker.|Tremor
W04-V04A5|Current|(2005-    )|Voice-actuated control of equipment or machines||See also W05-D codes for general applications of remote control using speech recognition.|
W04-V04A6|Current|(2005-    )|Speech-to-text|||
W04-V04A7|Current|(2002-    )|Non-speech audio analysis applications||This code covers the analysis and recognition of non-speech (i.e. non-human) sound sources, such as musical sequences, machine noise, and animal sounds, including their analysis to discriminate or identify different species of animals or birds. Application to the testing of machines is indicated by assignment of S02 or S03 codes also, such as S02-J03A for bearings or S03-F02B for determining resistance to wear.|Amphibian, avian, bearing noise, bee, bird, cat, cattle, diagnosis, dog, eagle, elephant, engine noise, fox, horse, insect, Korotkov, mammal, note, pest, pitch, rattle, termite, tuning
W04-V04A8|Current|(2014-    )|Comparing speech or singing with reference||This code covers arrangements for determining the degree of matching of sounds made by an individual with a reference. It includes evaluating the correctness of pronunciation of spoken words in language learning (with W04-W codes) and of pitch, tempo etc. of singing (with W04-U07). Evaluation of pitch and other qualities of musical instruments using analysis of sounds is not included and is covered by W04-V04A7 and W04-U codes.|Accent, expression, intonation, judge, karaoke, performance, score
W04-V04C|Current|(1992-    )|Synthesis systems|||
W04-V04C1|Current|(2005-    )|Text-to-speech|||
W04-V04E|Current|(2005-    )|Novel circuitry for speech analysis or synthesis||Includes novel features of signal processing circuitry, e.g. automatic gain control, noise reduction, used for speech analysis/synthesis applications. Applied in conjunction with U24, W04-G and W04-V05 codes as appropriate to indicate type of novel signal processing.|
W04-V05|Current|(1992-    )|General speech signal processing and representation||Includes details of signal processing applicable to analysis or synthesis and also coding of speech or similar signals.|
W04-V05A|Current|(1992-    )|Filtering|||
W04-V05C|Current|(1992-    )|Correlation|||
W04-V05E|Current|(1992-    )|Noise reduction|||
W04-V05G|Current|(1992-    )|Coding systems||From 2002 see W04-V10 codes for non-speech audio coding. See U21-A codes for coding in general, and W02-C06 for PCM transmission systems in general (including systems without novel coding aspects).|Quantisation
W04-V05G1|Current|(1992-    )|Involving simulation of e.g. vocal tract||Includes channel vocoder and use of bank of bandpass filters.|
W04-V05G3|Current|(1992-    )|Predictive coding systems|||Vector
W04-V05G3A|Current|(1992-    )|Code excited linear predictive coding|||CELP, sequential optimisation, simultaneous optimisation, excitation codebook, dynamic codebook, long term predictor filter
W04-V05G5|Current|(1992-    )|Transform coding systems|||Orthogonal
W04-V05G6|Current|(2002-    )|Comfort noise||This code covers systems introducing so-called comfort noise into a communications channel, e.g. to avoid disturbing silence periods. Systems of this type for use in telephone speech signal processing are assigned W01-C01C7A.|
W04-V05G8|Current|(1992-    )|Dynamic coding|||
W04-V05J|Current|(1997-    )|Pitch, rate change|W04-V05, W04-V09|Search with S05-K for systems aiding e.g. hearing-impaired persons, and W04-Y codes where forming part of a hearing aid.|
W04-V05J1|Current|(1997-    )|Pitch change|W04-V05, W04-V09||
W04-V05J5|Current|(1997-    )|Rate change|W04-V05, W04-V09|Prior to 2002 this code was used for sample rate conversion of digital audio signals. From 2002 this topic is covered in W04-V10A.|
W04-V07|Current|(1992-    )|Noise cancelling systems||Covers systems using cancellation by means of antiphase sound generated by e.g. microphone, and amplifier, and loudspeaker system, with phase control.|Machine, vehicle, air conditioning, duct, channel
W04-V07A|Current|(1992-    )|Installations||Includes physical detail of e.g. transducer per se, transducer mounting, description of complete installation not involving circuitry or control.|
W04-V07C|Current|(1992-    )|Control system, circuitry||See U22-G codes, e.g. U22-G01A5 for adaptive filters, U22-G05 for DSP in general (also assigned codes in T01-J08).|
W04-V09|Current|(1992-    )|Other sound signal details|||
W04-V10|Current|(2002-    )|Audio coding||Includes general audio encoding methods and apparatus e.g. for compression, bandwidth reduction etc., chiefly in entertainment applications. Coding methods and apparatus specifically for speech signals, generally involving lower bandwidth, data rate and quality for communications applications, are covered by W04-V05G codes.|
W04-V10A|Current|(2002-    )|Standards conversion||Includes sample rate conversion.|
W04-V10C|Current|(2002-    )|Nonuniform coding||Includes floating point and nonuniform companding systems.|
W04-V10E|Current|(2002-    )|Predictive coding||Includes differential, adaptive and companded predictive systems.|DPCM, ADM, CVDSM,CPDM, ADPCM, NICAM, time domain
W04-V10G|Current|(2002-    )|Perceptual coding||Covers data reduction methods which use psychoacoustic models to reduce bitrate while retaining acceptable perceived audio quality, e.g. assigning higher quantisation errors to exploit masking properties of human hearing.|
W04-V10G1|Current|(2002-    )|Frequency domain coding|||
W04-V10G1A|Current|(2002-    )|Subband coding||Covers arrangements to feed input signal into filter bank for analysis and comparison with psychoacoustic model. Includes MPEG-1, Layers I and II, and Precision Adaptive Subband Coding (PASC).|Filterbank
W04-V10G1C|Current|(2002-    )|Transform coding||Covers arrangements using e.g. discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), discrete cosine transform (DCT) and modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT). Includes AC-2 and perceptual audio coding (PAC). Also includes AAC coding used in MPEG2 and MPEG4 standards (also coded in W04-V10G1J).|Adaptive transform coding, ATC, dynamic bit allocation
W04-V10G1G|Current|(2002-    )|Hybrid coding||Covers arrangements using a combination of subband and transform methods. Includes adaptive transform acoustic coding (ATRAC) and MPEG-1 Layer III.|Hybrid filterbank
W04-V10G1J|Current|(2002-    )|Multichannel coding||Covers arrangements to reduce redundancy and irrelevancy of multichannel signals in order to reduce overall bitrate. Includes AC-3, MPEG-2 multichannel coding and AAC (see also W04-V10G1C).|
W04-V10G7|Current|(2002-    )|Reducing artefacts||Coded in conjunction with other W04-V10G codes to indicate type of perceptual coding system. Reduction of noise and other unwanted signals for speech coding is covered by W04-V05E with an appropriate W04-V05G code.|
W04-V10G9|Current|(2002-    )|Other perceptual coding systems|||
W04-W|Current||Educational equipment (electrical)|||Teach, student, tape, visual, monitor, play, learn, train
W04-W01|Current||Question and answer appts.|||Respond, test, correct multiple choice, keyboard, stylus, interactive
W04-W05|Current|(1992-    )|Educational and conference equipment||Includes e.g. electronic blackboard, (also assigned W02-J codes).|Audio-visual aid, classroom equipment
W04-W05A|Current|(1997-    )|Educational equipment in general||This code is intended for systems and equipment used in a formal educational setting, e.g. a classroom. Electrical aspects of educational equipment used by individuals, e.g. at home, is covered by W04-W09.|
W04-W05C|Current|(1997-    )|Conference equipment||Includes electrical aspects of presentation equipment, including speaker aids, such as prompting systems, public address aspects (see W04-S05 codes also) etc.|
W04-W07|Current|(1992-    )|Simulation systems, training and demonstration||See also under application. The following are not included:|
W04-W07A|Current|(1992-    )|Training simulator||Includes land vehicle driving simulators, also coded in X22-X.|Machine/control system operator training, telegraph operator training
W04-W07C|Current|(1992-    )|Demonstration of process or effect||Includes system for demonstrating physical phenomena which is also coded in S01 to S03 according to nature of phenomenon being modelled.|Physics, chemistry, mechanics, electrical, electronic
W04-W07E|Old|(1997-2012)|Virtual reality||See T01-J40 for computing aspects of virtual reality systems.|
W04-W07E|Current|(2013-    )|Virtual and augmented reality||See T01-J40 codes for computing aspects of virtual and augmented reality systems. Video-based augmented and virtual reality is covered by W04-W07E1 codes.|AR, VR
W04-W07E1|Current|(1997-    )|Video aspects||Includes image generation (also coded in T01-J10C) and image displays.|
W04-W07E1A|Current|(1997-    )|Head mounted display||See W03-A08E7 for head mounted displays primarily for TV receiver applications, W05-E07 in general, and T04-H03C9 for claimed computer aspects. Displays employing direct retinal projection techniques are also assigned W04-Q01L.|HMD
W04-W07E3|Current|(1997-    )|Acoustic aspects|||
W04-W07E5|Current|(1997-    )|Tactile or mechanical aspects||For example shaking of seat.|
W04-W07E9|Current|(1997-    )|Aspects of virtual reality - other|||
W04-W09|Current||Other educational equipment (electrical)||This code is intended for electrical aspects of educational equipment used outside a classroom environment, e.g. by individuals at home, and includes language learning aids, individual study aids, electronic dictionaries and e-books, including software enabling reading of e-books|
W04-X|Current||Sports, games, toys||Electrical aspects only are included.|Leisure, recreation, pastime
W04-X01|Current|(1983-    )|Sports and leisure||The title of this code has been changed to indicate the existing coverage of leisure activities in addition to organized sports. W04-X01 codes cover sports and leisure activities with some electrical aspect. From 2011 W04-X01K codes are introduced to indicate, where significant, the kind of sport or leisure activity involved and are assigned in addition to existing W04-X01 codes. For example, an alerting device to warn an angler of a fish biting would be assigned W04-X01E and W04-X01H to indicate sports equipment with a warning function and W04-X01K7A to denote fishing.|Fish, line, rod, reel, alarm, ski, pitch, court, lane, race, starter, ball, archery, athletics, ball-games, fencing, fishing, golf, gymnastics, hunting, racing, running, shooting
W04-X01A|Current|(1983-    )|Training equipment|||
W04-X01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Performance monitors||This code covers arrangements for general measurement during sports training, such as lap timing, speed, or distance covered, and also measurements on the individual performing the training, such as medical and physiological parameter monitoring, e.g. of pulse rate. For medical monitoring equipment in general and to highlight specific performance measurements, see also S05. See also W01-C01P8 for using software or devices incorporated in a telephone, e.g. smartphone, to measure medical parameters. Measurements relating to actual playing of competitive sports are covered by W04-X01C codes.|Exercise, time, practice, stopwatch, strength testing, ergometer, pedometer
W04-X01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Simulators||Includes golf swing trainer, and simulation of game playing.|
W04-X01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Fitness training equipment||Includes exercise bikes, rowing machines, treadmills and similar equipment. Analogous equipment for medical purposes, e.g. physiotherapy, is covered by S05-A05.|Brake, Mechanical resistance, Weights, Rehabilitation equipment
W04-X01A5A|Current|(2011-    )|Exercise bicycle||Covers static exercise bicycle. Cycling on or off roads as a sport or leisure activity is covered by W04-X01K3C which is not assigned for exercise bicycles.|
W04-X01A5C|Current|(2011-    )|Exercise treadmill||Covers static arrangements for 'on-the-spot' running. Running in the sense of athletics, jogging or cross-country running is covered by W04-X01K3A which is not assigned for treadmills and the like.|
W04-X01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Other sports training equipment|||
W04-X01C|Current|(1992-    )|Counting, timing, measuring, scoring|||
W04-X01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Counting, timing, measuring, scoring, detection||From 2011 this code is subdivided to separately indicate measurement or timing aspects from the 'yes/no' aspects of determinimg that a point or goal has been scored, or that a foul or fault condition exists.|Lap, recording, start, finish, measure, photo-finish
W04-X01C1A|Current|(2011-    )|Counting, timing, measuring||See also S02 codes for measurement of length or distance and S04 codes and T05-G03 for timing aspects. |Lap, recording, start, finish, measure, photo-finish
W04-X01C1C|Current|(2011-    )|Detection of scoring or fault condition||Includes detection of scoring such as 'goal line' technology in football or determining that a ball is out of play in e.g.a tennis match.|
W04-X01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Scoring, score display||See T04-H and W05-E codes for display details.|
W04-X01D|Current|(1992-    )|Locators and guiding systems||Includes arrangements for retrieving lost equipment, and guiding systems for e.g. golfcourses.|
W04-X01E|Current|(1992-    )|Sports equipment per se||Covers equipment used by player. Includes fishing rods, bats and skis as well as electrical aspects of hunting rifles and paintball guns. For electrical aspects of firearms see W07 as well. Also includes walking sticks for hiking (see X27-A02E as well).|
W04-X01F|Current|(1992-    )|Sports grounds, stadia, courses, installations||Includes bowling alleys and equipment provided by administrators of sports facility e.g. golf carts, buggies, etc.|
W04-X01H|Current|(1992-    )|Warning systems, alarms, protection||Includes systems warning of dangerous and non-dangerous conditions. See W05-A codes also for signalling aspects.|
W04-X01K|Current|(2011-    )|Type of sport or leisure activity||These codes are assigned, normally in addition to codes indicating novel aspects, to denote the main application of a sports or leisure-based invention with electrical content. If an invention is applicable to a large number of categories, or no application is given, W04-X01K codes are not assigned. In the descriptions below the terms 'sport' and 'leisure activity' are used interchangeably.|
W04-X01K1|Current|(2011-    )|Sports using ball, puck, or shuttlecock||W04-X01K1 codes do not include sports involving measuring the distance over which a projectile, e.g. a javelin, is thrown which are covered by W04-X01K3A, or the launching or throwing of projectiles at a target which are covered by W04-X01K5 codes.|
W04-X01K1A|Current|(2011-    )|Baseball|||
W04-X01K1C|Current|(2011-    )|Basketball|||
W04-X01K1E|Current|(2011-    )|Billiards, pool, snooker|||
W04-X01K1G|Current|(2011-    )|Cricket|||
W04-X01K1J|Current|(2011-    )|Football|||
W04-X01K1L|Current|(2011-    )|Golf|||
W04-X01K1N|Current|(2011-    )|Hockey|||
W04-X01K1P|Current|(2011-    )|Racket sports|||
W04-X01K1R|Current|(2011-    )|Rugby, American football|||
W04-X01K1T|Current|(2011-    )|Table tennis|||
W04-X01K1V|Current|(2011-    )|Volleyball|||
W04-X01K1X|Current|(2011-    )|Other sports played with ball or similar projectile|||
W04-X01K3|Current|(2011-    )|Athletics, cycling, racing, air and water-based sports|||
W04-X01K3A|Current|(2011-    )|Athletics and running|||
W04-X01K3C|Current|(2011-    )|Cycling||Electrical aspects of cycles are covered by X22 codes. Static exercise bicycles are not included and are covered by W04-X01A5A.|
W04-X01K3E|Current|(2011-    )|Horseracing|||
W04-X01K3G|Current|(2011-    )|Motor racing||Electrical aspects of vehicles are covered by X22 codes.|
W04-X01K3J|Current|(2011-    )|Swimming|||
W04-X01K3L|Current|(2011-    )|Watercraft-based racing and water skiing||Includes rowing, sailing and power boat racing. Electrical aspects of watercraft are covered by W06-C codes. Skiing on snow, or dry slopes, is covered by W04-X01K3P.|
W04-X01K3N|Current|(2011-    )|Air sports||Includes flying, gliding, hang gliding, parachuting etc.|
W04-X01K3P|Current|(2012-    )|Skiing, snowboarding||Electrical aspects of skis are also assigned W04-X01E and testing of ski binding release force is also assigned S02-F03A and W04-X01H.|
W04-X01K3X|Current|(2011-    )|Other racing|||
W04-X01K4|Current|(2011-    )|Combat-based sports|||
W04-X01K4A|Current|(2011-    )|Boxing and martial arts||Wrestling is covered by W04-X01K4G.|
W04-X01K4C|Current|(2011-    )|Fencing|||
W04-X01K4E|Current|(2011-    )|Paintball, laser-simulated shooting||Shooting at targets is covered by W04-X01K5E and at animals for hunting by W04-X01K7C.|
W04-X01K4G|Current|(2011-    )|Wrestling||Boxing and martial arts are covered by W04-X01K4A.|
W04-X01K4X|Current|(2011-    )|Other combat-based sports|||
W04-X01K5|Current|(2011-    )|Archery, darts, shooting|||
W04-X01K5A|Current|(2011-    )|Archery||Covers shooting at targets using longbow, crossbow, etc. Shooting animals for hunting is covered by W04-X01K7C.|
W04-X01K5C|Current|(2011-    )|Darts||Prior to 2011 darts was coded as a sport or as a game (in W04-X02B) depending on emphasis. From 2011 W04-X01K5C alone will be assigned for all aspects of darts.|
W04-X01K5E|Current|(2011-    )|Shooting||Covers shooting at e.g. paper targets, or 'clay pigeons'. Simulated shooting at 'war game' opponents using e.g. light beams and paintball shooting is covered by W04-X01K4E. Shooting animals for hunting is covered by W04-X01K7C. Electrical aspects of weapons are covered by W07 codes.|
W04-X01K5X|Current|(2011-    )|Other sports involving launching projectiles at a target|||
W04-X01K7|Current|(2011-    )|Fishing, hunting|||
W04-X01K7A|Current|(2011-    )|Fishing||Covers fishing for sport or leisure purposes only, e.g. angling. Commercial fishing is covered by X25-N02.|
W04-X01K7C|Current|(2011-    )|Hunting||Includes shooting with e.g. rifle or bow and arrow. The use of these weapons to shoot at targets is covered by W04-X01K5E. Electrical aspects of weapons are covered by W07 codes.|
W04-X01K9|Current|(2011-    )|Other types of sports|||
W04-X01X|Current|(1992-    )|Sports - other||Includes animal training.|Horse, racing, stable, fishing boat, trolling, water ski, tow
W04-X02|Current|(1983-    )|Games|||Play, target, ball, number, score
W04-X02A|Current|(1983-    )|Coin operated||Non-electrical aspects are coded in T05-H codes only, (assuming G07 IPC).|Motor, token, drive, change, arcade game
W04-X02A1|Current|(1997-    )|Pinball and pachinko machines|||Launch, solenoid, trap
W04-X02A3|Current|(1997-    )|Amusement-with-prizes gambling machine|||Fruit, symbol, reel, token
W04-X02A5|Current|(2005-    )|Games with physical interaction|||Grapple, whackamole
W04-X02A8|Current|(1997-    )|Arcade aspects, multi-machine control||Includes overall control, and security aspects (see W02-F01A codes for CCTV, W05-B codes for alarms).|
W04-X02B|Old|(1983-2010)|Board and card game equipment|||Electronic card dealing, chess, draughts, roulette, 'battleships' etc.
W04-X02B|Current|(2011-    )|Board and card game equipment; dice games||From 2011 W04-X02B7 is introduced for electrical aspects of dice games and is assigned alone or in addition to W04-X02B1 or W04-X02B5 as necessary if the dice aspect is significant. Dice games with an electrical aspect that are played in a casino are also assigned W04-X02E.|Electronic card dealing, chess, draughts, roulette, 'battleships' etc.
W04-X02B1|Current|(1997-    )|Board games|||
W04-X02B5|Current|(1997-    )|Card game equipment||Includes dealing equipment.|
W04-X02B7|Current|(2011-    )|Dice games||Includes electrical aspects of dice-based games and electronic representations of dice. Board or card games are covered by W02-X02B1 and W04-X02B5 respectively and W04-X02B7 is only assigned as well as those codes when the dice aspect is novel.|
W04-X02C|Current|(1983-    )|Video games||For 'arcade' game aspect search with W04-X02A. For control of visual display units see T04-H and W03 codes also. For manual control arrangements, such as joystick, see T04-F codes and for computer aspects, including networked games, see T01-J and T01-N codes.|Program, image, memory, memory card, screen, arcade game, home video game, console, controller, sound effect generator, software, computer games, online games
W04-X02E|Current|(1997-    )|Casino games and equipment|||
W04-X02G|Old|(1997-    )|Betting and lottery equipment|||
W04-X02G|Current|(2013-    )|Betting, Lottery equipment and Bingo|||
W04-X03|Current|(1983-    )|Amusements, toys|||
W04-X03A|Current|(1992-    )|Music based entertainment appts||See codes relating to recording/playing equipment where this is involved.|
W04-X03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Juke box|||Disc, select, play, sequence
W04-X03A3|Current|(1992-    )|Karaoke|||Sing, perform, screen, cue, lyrics, microphone
W04-X03C|Current|(1992-    )|Ornaments, mobiles, household items, novelties||Includes animated ornaments, musical greetings cards, etc. See also X27.|Dancing flower, motor drive, sound responsive, animated dummy, robot
W04-X03E|Current|(1992-    )|Toys||From 2002 W04-X03E8 is applied to indicate use of remote control. For novel remote control aspects W05-D codes are also assigned, e.g. W05-D06A1A and W05-D08C for radio control.|Doll, robot, speech synthesiser
W04-X03E1|Current|(1992-    )|Model vehicles|||Car, train, boat, ship, aircraft, sound generator
W04-X03E1A|Current|(2002-    )|Model aircraft||Includes spacecraft.|
W04-X03E1B|Current|(2002-    )|Model boat|||
W04-X03E1C|Current|(2002-    )|Model wheeled vehicle, e.g. car, truck|||
W04-X03E1D|Current|(2002-    )|Model racing track||Includes arrangements to drive wheeled vehicles on model road track.|
W04-X03E1E|Current|(2002-    )|Model train and trainset|||
W04-X03E1M|Current|(2002-    )|Model vehicle used for commercial or industrial purpose|||
W04-X03E2|Current|(1992-    )|Outdoor toys and playing equipment||Includes electrical aspects of skateboards, balls, slides, swings, playground equipment etc|
W04-X03E5|Current|(1997-    )|Dolls, stuffed toys|||
W04-X03E6|Current|(2002-    )|Animated toys||Covers moving toys of a non-humanoid or non-vehicle form. Includes robots and virtual pets.|
W04-X03E8|Current|(2002-    )|Remote control|||
W04-X03E9|Current|(1992-    )|Other toys|||
W04-X03G|Current|(1992-    )|Theatre, fairground, cinema, etc.|||Screen, stage, special effects, box office, amusement park, merry-go-round, Ferris wheel
W04-X03G1|Current|(1997-    )|Theatre, auditorium, concert equipment|||
W04-X03G3|Current|(1997-    )|Fairground, theme parks, etc.|||
W04-X03G4|Current|(2002-    )|Disco, night club, bar, restaurant, etc.||Includes personal calling arrangements to facilitate human interaction.|
W04-X03G5|Current|(1997-    )|Cinema equipment||For photographic aspects see S06-B codes also.|
W04-X03G7|Current|(2005-    )|Museums, exhibitions||Prior to 2005 electrical equipment for museums was coded in W04-W09.|
W04-X03G8|Current|(2005-    )|Information provision, guiding devices||Apply in conjunction with other W04-X03G codes.|
W04-X03X|Current|(1992-    )|Other amusements, toys|||Electronic aid, puzzle solving
W04-Y|Current||Hearing aids|||Ear, speech, acoustic, adjust, frequency response, receiver, deaf, implant, transducer, auditory, coil, nerve, medical prosthesis, amplifier, level/tone/bandwidth control, filtering, remote control, construction, casing, battery housing
W04-Y01|Current|(1992-    )|Constructional details||Includes constructional details of aid per se, and anciliary equipment.|
W04-Y01A|Current|(1992-    )|Casing, housing||Includes 'hygiene' arrangements, e.g. to prevent accumulation of cerumen.|
W04-Y01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Arrangements to reduce unwanted coupling||Includes design of housing, acoustic tube, etc. to minimise acoustic feedback. Gain control for this purpose is covered by W04-Y03A1A and feedback or noise reduction in DSP-based hearing aids (from 2014) by W04-Y03G7.|
W04-Y01B|Current|(1992-    )|Internal details, e.g. PCB mounting||Includes disposition of components, etc.|
W04-Y02|Current|(1992-    )|Electroacoustic transducers for hearing aids||This code covers novel details of electroacoustic transducers used in hearing aids, such as microphones and earphones. V06 codes are also assigned as necessary to highlight novel details of the transducer. |
W04-Y03|Current|(1992-    )|Circuitry|||
W04-Y03A|Current|(1992-    )|Audio amplifier||See U24-G codes for further details of amplifier per se.|
W04-Y03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Gain control||See U24-C codes for control of gain in general.|
W04-Y03A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Feedback reducing arrangement||For design of e.g. housing to minimise feedback see W04-Y01A1. Feedback reduction in DSP-based hearing aids is covered (from 2014) by W04-Y03G7.|
W04-Y03A3|Current|(1992-    )|Tone and bandwidth control||From 2005 digital signal processing is covered in W04-Y03G. See W03-C05 codes for audio amplifier control other than for hearing aids, and U25-F codes for bandwidth control in general.|
W04-Y03C|Current|(1992-    )|Interfacing arrangements||For systems involving near-field link, such as inductive loop, see W02-C02 codes also especially W02-C02G3A.|Couple, induce, transfer
W04-Y03C1|Current|(1992-    )|With separate part of hearing aid||Equipment to set-up a hearing aid as a programming exercise by e.g. a technician, is not regarded as part of the hearing aid itself, and thus not coded here - see W04-Y03C5.|
W04-Y03C1A|Current|(1992-    )|For signal transfer||Includes transcutaneous transfer of audio information for implanted type aid.|
W04-Y03C1C|Current|(1992-    )|For remote control|||
W04-Y03C5|Old|(1992-2013)|With separate appts. or system||Includes programming, i.e. setting-up characteristics by technician, rather than by intended wearer, and also arrangements for operation with e.g. TV receiver, telephone, or across-counter communication system.|
W04-Y03C5|Current|(2014-    )|With separate apparatus or system||This code covers interfacing with separate equipment, e.g. for programming, such as setting-up characteristics by technician, rather than by intended wearer, and also arrangements for operation with e.g. TV receiver, telephone, or across-counter communication system. Prior to 2014 it was also used (with W04-Y20) for programming in a general sense but this topic is now covered by W04-Y03P.|
W04-Y03D|Current|(2006-    )|Self-testing and diagnostic systems|||
W04-Y03E|Current|(1992-    )|Power supply circuitry||Includes details of battery per se (see X16 codes also).|
W04-Y03G|Current|(2005-    )|Digital signal processing||Analogue filtering and tone control is covered in W04-Y03A3.|
W04-Y03G1|Current|(2005-    )|Frequency domain manipulation||Includes digital fitering and use of transforms etc. for frequency shifting portions of the audio spectrum.|
W04-Y03G3|Current|(2005-    )|Spacial localisation||Includes use of direction finding algorithms to pinpoint location of speaker and amplify relevant frequencies.|
W04-Y03G5|Current|(2005-    )|Using digital speech processing||Covers coding inout signal as speech and manipulating parameters to enhance intelligibility. Also coded in W04-V as appropriate.|
W04-Y03G7|Current|(2014-    )|Noise and feedback suppression||This code covers arrangements in hearing aids using digital signal processing specifically to suppress or reduce internally-generated noise, external noise, or acoustic feedback. Suppression of acoustic feedback by acoustic design of the hearing aid (e.g. the shape of the housing) is covered by W04-Y01A1 and by gain reduction in analog hearing aids is covered by W04-Y03A1A.|Background noise, cellphone noise, cellular phone noise, digital filter, howling, Larsen effect, multiplex noise, notch filter, pulse noise, TDMA noise, whistling
W04-Y03P|Current|(2014-    )|Hearing aid programming and setting-up||This code covers programming, e.g. setting-up characteristics by a technician. When interfacing aspects are novel W04-Y03C5 is also assigned. Prior to 2014 W04-Y03C5 and W04-Y20 were assigned for programming aspects in general. When audiometering is involved S05-D01D2 is also assigned.|Compensate, computer, frequency response, hearing test, PC
W04-Y05|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by type||Codes in this section are applied irrespective of claimed novelty to indicate the type of hearing aid only.|
W04-Y05A|Current|(1992-    )|External|||
W04-Y05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Carried within auditory meatus||Includes 'in-the-ear' type hearing aid.|
W04-Y05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Carried outside auditory meatus||Includes e.g. 'behind-the-ear' type.|
W04-Y05A5|Current|(1992-    )|Combined with other appts. e.g. spectacles||Electrical aspects of spectacles are coded in X27-A02D.|
W04-Y05C|Current|(1992-    )|Implanted||See S05-F01 also for implanted hearing aids.|
W04-Y05C1|Current|(1992-    )|With external appts. e.g. for control||Includes e.g. inductive link system transferring signals from external unit.|
W04-Y20|Current|(1992-    )|Hearing aid details - other|||
W05|Current||Alarms, signalling, telemetry and telecontrol||This class covers the following topics: [1] alerting and personal calling (W05-A codes); [2] alarms (W05-B codes); [3] monitoring and testing of alerting systems and alarms (W05-C codes); [4] remote control and remote monitoring (W05-D codes); and [5] general displays and advertising (W05-E codes). Note that inventions are assigned W05-B codes if they relate to alarms with some 'emergency' or 'urgency' aspect. Condition-responsive signalling arrangements e.g. 'status alarms' which indicate non-hazardous conditions such as incorrect posture, need for diaper changing, a fault condition in a machine etc. are not regarded as alarms in the sense of W05-B codes and are covered by W05-A codes instead. When alerting specifically involves audible signalling W05-A02 codes are assigned and if specifically visual signalling is involved W05-A03 codes are assigned. If the type of signalling is not disclosed or is unimportant a general W05-A code is assigned.|
W05-A|Current||Signalling and personal calling arrangements|||
W05-A01|Current||Using mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric transmission|||
W05-A01A|Current|(1997-    )|Using mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic transmission|||
W05-A01A1|Current|(1997-    )|Vibration based annunciator||See also W05-A05C1A for pager application. Mechanical ringers specifically for telephones are assigned W01-C01F1F. See also V06 codes for details of vibration transducers per se e.g. V06-L or V06-M codes, especially V06-M10.|Vibration transmitter
W05-A01C|Current|(1997-    )|Using electric transmission|||
W05-A01C1|Current|(1997-    )|Telephone line signalling||For annunciator systems combined with telephone equipment see W01-C05A.|
W05-A01C3|Current|(1997-    )|Power line signalling||Use of power lines to transmit control or measurement signals is covered by W05-D06P. See also W02-C01A3 and X12-H03E for power line communication in general.|
W05-A02|Current||With audible indication||From 2002 this code is subdivided to distinguish novel audible alerting devices from systems using audible signalling. For cases in which these aspects cannot be determined W05-A02 will continue to be assigned. Codes relating to applications should be considered also, e.g. doorbells in X27-X also, fire or police vehicle siren in X22-B03 and X22-P10.|Tone generator, oscillator, bell, buzzer, recorded speech, synthesised speech, explosive device
W05-A02A|Current|(2002-    )|Novel audible alerting device||This code is intended for novel audible signal generators themselves. Electroacoustic transducers are assigned V06 codes also.|Tone generator, oscillator, bell, buzzer, recorded speech, synthesised speech, explosive device
W05-A02C|Current|(2002-    )|Alerting system using audible indication||This code is intended for systems characterised by the use of audible alerting in which the means of producing the signal is not novel. For example, it may be used to indicate that a warning system employs audible signalling, the means of producing it being unspecified or unimportant.|
W05-A03|Current||With visible indication||From 2002 W05-A03E is assigned with W05-A03A or W05-A03X to indicate that the means of visual signalling is itself novel. W05-A03C is also introduced to highlight alerting aspects using a display. Thus, for example, a paging receiver with some novelty in the use of a display would be assigned W05-A03E and W05-A05C1A.|
W05-A03A|Current||Using visible light sources||From 2002 W05-A03C is introduced for display devices and takes precedence over this code for active displays, i.e. self-luminous ones which are covered by W05-A03C1. For passive displays in which e.g. backlighting colour or intensity is used as a means of alerting W05-A03A will be assigned with W05-A03C, the backlighting aspect being conveyed by X26-U04A codes also.|Flashing light, lamp
W05-A03C|Current|(2002-    )|Using display devices|W05-A03X|This code takes precedence over other W05-A03 codes and is intended for arrangements using displays, e.g. in matrix or seven-segment form. W05-A03A may be assigned as well where the alerting novelty involves backlighting, in which case W05-E05B codes are also used. Novel displays themselves are also assigned W05-A03E, and codes from other classes as appropriate, e.g. U14-K01 codes for LCDs.|Back-lit display
W05-A03C1|Current|(2002-    )|Using self-luminous display devices|W05-A03A, W05-A03X|This code takes precedence over W05-A03A and is intended for arrangements using displays which are light emitting, e.g. those using an array of LEDs or electroluminescent elements, or a 7-segment LED display. Visual alerting using a light source such as one or more LEDs which are not part of a display that can present variable information is covered by W05-A03A.|
W05-A03E|Current|(2002-    )|Novel visual indication device||This code is used with other W05-A03 codes as appropriate to indicate that a visual indicator is itself novel.|
W05-A03X|Current||With visible indication - other||Includes electromagnetically-operated indicators. From 2002 display-based signalling., e.g. matrix or seven-segment type, is covered by W05-A03C.|Flag, semaphore signal, smoke, chemical dye
W05-A04|Current||With audible and visible indication; order telegraphs||From 2002 this code is subdivided to separate the above topics.|
W05-A04A|Current|(2002-    )|Alerting with audible and visible indication||This code is intended for alerting systems in which audible and visible signalling are used together. Arrangements in which these modes are employed separately are covered by W05-A02 and W05-A03 codes.|Simultaneous audible/visible signalling
W05-A04C|Current|(2002-    )|Order telegraphs and menu-based signalling||This code is used for signalling systems in which selection from a number of options is transmitted. It includes 'ship's telegraphs', for which W06-C01B codes are assigned, e.g. W06-C01B7, and also arrangements in e.g. a restaurant for transmitting orders. Where a radio link is involved W05-A05A is also assigned, along with W02 codes as necessary, for novel 'RF' details.|
W05-A05|Current|(1983-    )|Electromagnetic transmission; pagers||These codes relate to the use of an EM transmission medium to convey an alerting signal, rather than the form of the alerting signal once received. To discriminate this aspect other W05-A codes should be used in conjunction with W05-A05 codes if necessary.|
W05-A05A|Current|(1992-    )|Using radio transmission||Includes emergency broadcast receivers, for which W02-G03 or W03-B codes are also assigned, depending on receiver type.|
W05-A05B|Current|(1992-    )|Using UV or IR transmission|||
W05-A05C|Current|(1992-    )|Paging||Systems linked to the telephone network are assigned W01-C05A also. Mobile radio systems in general are covered by W02-C03C codes.|Selective calling, ERMES, FLEX(r), MBS, POCSAG, RDS, TAP, TDP, TNPP, WCTP, standard system
W05-A05C1|Current|(1992-    )|Apparatus|||
W05-A05C1A|Current|(2002-    )|Receiver details||Covers details of the pager itself. Used alone or in conjunction with W05-A05C1C for constructional details. See W02-G03 and W02-C03C codes for RF aspects.|
W05-A05C1C|Current|(2002-    )|Constructional details||Constructional details of electronic equipment in general are assigned V04-S or V04-T codes, which are used here in addition as appropriate.|
W05-A05C1E|Current|(2002-    )|Paging centre details||This code may be used with W05-A05C1C for constructional details. See W02 codes for RF aspects.|Transmitters, aerials, control desks
W05-A05C2|Current|(1992-    )|System/method||This code is intended to cover a complete paging system e.g. from a mobile radio, protocol, or operating system perspective.|
W05-A05D|Current|(1992-    )|Tone decoder|||
W05-A05X|Current|(1992-    )|Electromagnetic transmission; pagers - other|||
W05-A10|Current|(2013-    )|Condition-responsive alerting in general||These codes are intended to indicate arrangements for signaling a condition, e.g. to remind a person to do something or to indicate the state of a machine, including malfunctions. They do not cover conditions involving emergencies, hazards to personal safety, etc. which are covered by W05-B alarm codes. W05-A10 codes may be assigned with other W05-A codes indicating audible or visual signaling if this is important or claimed but the codes can be used alone to indicate non-urgent or non-emergency 'alarm' conditions when the means of alerting is not stated or is unimportant. Other codes outside W05 are also assigned as necessary, e.g. W04 codes for use with educational or sports-related inventions.|
W05-A10A|Current|(2013-    )|Alerting relating to human activity or human status||Includes alerting to modify human behavior such as reminding a person to do or not do something and alerting a person to non-urgent conditions such as incontinence detection (see also X27-A02A) or the need for changing a baby (see also X27-X01). Inventions concerned with warning related to personal safety are not included and are covered by W05-B07 codes instead. Note that arrangements for avoiding loss or forgetting of personal items are included but that those intended as theft alarms are not assigned W05-A10A and are covered by W05-B01 codes, e.g. W05-B01A5C.|Bed-wetting detector, computer usage warning, diaper alarm, leaving behind alarm, nappy alarm, posture alarm, reminder alarm, workstation alarm
W05-A10C|Current|(2013-    )|Alerting relating to equipment, machine or vehicle operation and status||Includes warning or indicating operational state, such as fault conditions or the need for maintenance or replenishment of consumable items.|Battery indicator, malfunction, mode, overheat, refill, service indicator, temperature, wear indicator
W05-A10X|Current|(2013-    )|Other general condition-responsive alerting|||
W05-B|Current||Alarms||Since 199701 this code group has been expanded to cover 'disaster' alarms (W05-B08 codes), including alarms indicating failure in utility systems at source, in the distribution system, or at the point of consumption. Otherwise, condition-responsive circuitry relating to e.g. abnormal state of a machine, electrical equipment, etc. is not included and is coded in the appropriate place for the monitored equipment (See T05-E also) but may also be assigned W05-A codes if the signalling or alerting aspect is significant. From 2005, new code subgroups are introduced for personal safety alarms (W05-B07 codes) and general equipment details of alarm systems (W05-B10 codes).|
W05-B01|Current||Burglar/intruder alarms; scaring thieves||Search with X22-D03 also to distinguish inventions relating to vehicle theft alarms. Antitheft systems for vehicles, or other applications, not including alarms are excluded from W05-B01 codes. Includes alarm aspects of weapons detection (from 2011 also specifically covered by W07-F05C), e.g. at an airport or entrance to a building, for which technology-specific codes are assigned as appropriate, e.g. W05-B01A for detection based on electric or magnetic field systems (also covered by S03-C02 codes and S03-C06).|Personnel presence detection, restricted area monitoring, patient/detainee absconding detection
W05-B01A|Current||Electrical/magnetic field disturbance||Includes actuation by sensed variation of capacitance and inductance, and e.g. Doppler radar systems (see W06-A04A2 also).|Cable, electrodes, coil, antenna, interrogation loop, resonant circuit
W05-B01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Intrusion detection system||Includes interference with field distribution and proximity sensor(see U21-B02C codes for proximity switch circuits). Includes variation in circuit capacitance or inductance.|
W05-B01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Theft detection system using tags||These codes relate to theft detection systems based on sensing the presence of a tag associated with the item to be protected.|
W05-B01A2A|Current|(1992-    )|Ferromagnetic tag||Includes systems using non-linear magnetic properties, e.g. to generate harmonics from an applied magnetic field. For novel magnetic materials V02-A01 codes are also assigned.|
W05-B01A2B|Current|(1992-    )|Inductive tag||Includes LC resonant circuits, also coded in U25-E05B1, in arrangements in which energy is 'sucked out' by the tuned circuit causing a detectable drop in field strength. Tags including electrical devices to generate harmonics, e.g. a diode, are regarded as simple transponders, and are thus covered by W05-B01A2C.|
W05-B01A2C|Current|(1992-    )|RF transponder tag||See W02-G05A for transponder tags per se. Includes simple arrangements to generate harmonics, e.g. using diodes, for which U23-B01 is also assigned to indicate an analogue frequency multiplier. Transponders based on a passive tuned circuit arrangement without any active device to modify the interrogating signal are covered by W05-B01A2B.|
W05-B01A2E|Current|(1997-    )|Mfr. of theft detection tag(s)||This code is used with other W05-B01A2 codes to define the type of tag being manufactured.|
W05-B01A5|Current|(1997-    )|Theft detection based on signal level||The title of this code has been expanded from 2002 to better reflect its coverage of alarm systems triggered by signal falling below threshold or non-response in a transponder interrogation system. This may be applied to the detection of child or elderly person wandering off, or the removal of, or separation from, an object of value. Novel RF details are assigned W02-C03 and W02-G codes as appropriate, e.g. W02-G03J1C for novel radio receiver signal strength determining circuitry.|
W05-B01A5A|Current|(2002-    )|Detecting separation of child or supervised person||This code is used either alone, or with W05-B01A5B in the case of transponder-based systems, and may be applied to the monitoring of a single person or a group such as children on a school trip, in which case W04-W codes are also assigned.|
W05-B01A5B|Current|(2002-    )|Transponder-based systems||This code is normally used with W05-B01A5A or W05-B01A5C, depending on the nature of the protection involved. Transponder-based systems for determining presence or for recognition in general are covered by W06-A04B codes, e.g. W06-A04B5 codes for object and human identification, and W02-G05 codes. From 2002, these W02 and W06 codes are not normally assigned for protection systems of the W05-B01A5 type unless specific 'RF' novelty is involved. Transponder-based remote measurement and control systems are covered by W05-D08G (from 2002 - formerly W05-D04G).|
W05-B01A5C|Current|(2002-    )|Protected object theft detection and separation alarms||This code is used either alone, or with W05-B01A5B in the case of transponder-based systems, and concerns monitoring to determine that an item to be protected is within a desired range of an individual or specified point. Analogous systems for protection of a person or a group of people are covered by W05-B01A5A. Tracking systems for locating luggage in an airport or similar are covered by W06-B02A5.|
W05-B01B|Current||Mechanical actuation||The title of this code has been expanded from 2002 to better reflect its coverage of alarms actuated as a consequence of physical action involving contact, e.g. the opening of a door or window, or the lifting of an article which results in the making or breaking of an electrical circuit. The emphasis is on mechanical contact with the sensing arrangement, thus an arrangement involving an optical fiber in which light transmission is modified by e.g. the weight of an intruder, is regarded as fitting into this category. (W05-B01B1 in the case of intruder sensing).|Loop continuity/attitude detection for shoplifting prevention, pressure mats, reed switches, limit switches, lock tampering detection, incorrect keyed-in password/code detection
W05-B01B1|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanically-actuated intrusion alarms||Covers intruder and burglar alarms.|
W05-B01B2|Current|(2002-    )|Mechanically-actuated theft alarms||Covers theft alarms triggered by lifting of articles, or similar.|
W05-B01C|Current|(1987-    )|Optical, ultrasonic actuation|W05-B01X||
W05-B01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Ultrasonic actuation||This code has been subdivided from 2002 to cover separately intruder / burglar alarms and theft alarms. The codes include actuation by interference with sonic waves. See W06-A05 codes also for systems analogous to radar.|Ultrasonic transmitter/receiver, Doppler detector
W05-B01C1A|Current|(2002-    )|Ultrasonically-actuated intrusion alarms||Covers intruder and burglar alarms involving ultrasonic sensing.|
W05-B01C1B|Current|(2002-    )|Ultrasonically-actuated theft alarms||Covers theft alarms involving ultrasonic sensing.|
W05-B01C2|Current|(1992-    )|Optical actuated alarm||The scope note of this code has been modified from 2002 to cover intruder / burglar alarms and theft alarms. Arrangements involving 'lidar' techniques are also assigned W06-A06 codes while 'light barrier' aspects are also assigned S03-C08 codes.|Light beam, light barrier, optical transmitter/receiver
W05-B01C2A|Current|(2002-    )|Optically-actuated intrusion alarms||Covers intruder and burglar alarms involving optical sensing.|
W05-B01C2B|Current|(2002-    )|Optically-actuated theft alarms||Covers theft alarms involving optical sensing.|
W05-B01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Image scanning and comparing system scanner or motion detection; CCTV|||
W05-B01C5A|Current|(1997-    )|Image scanning and comparing system scanner or motion detection||See also W02-F01A5 for CCTV surveillance, W04-M01G codes for camera mounting details, and T04-D07D codes for pattern recognition aspects. Novel video signal movement detectors in general are coded in W04-P01A1, used computer image processing aspects in T01-J10B2 codes.|CCTV surveillance automatic alarm actuation
W05-B01C5C|Current|(1997-    )|CCTV triggered upon intruder detection by other means||This code covers alarm systems in which the presence of an intruder is sensed by a detection arrangement distinct from the CCTV system, which then actuates it to enable a protected area to be monitored.|
W05-B01D|Current|(1987-    )|Scaring thief/attacker||From 2002 this code is subdivided to separately cover arrangements for preventing robbery from e.g. banks, and for personal defence of private individuals, e.g. anti-mugging alarms.|
W05-B01D1|Current|(2002-    )|Scaring thief or attacker||This code covers the use of dyes to stain currency, gas or similar for incapacitation, and arrangements for trapping criminals, e.g. in a bank or cash machine lobby. Other codes which may also be assigned include T05-D codes for entry/exit registers, access control and automatic road blocks, T05-L05A for strongboxes, and T05-L03 codes for ATMs. Anti-mugging alarms for public use are covered by W05-B01D5.|Dye, smoke, trigger
W05-B01D5|Current|(2002-    )|Personal defence alarms||This code includes arrangements for deterring an assailant and attracting attention, normally using acoustic signalling, for which W05-A02 codes are assigned as appropriate. Arrangements for self defence in a military or law enforcement context are covered by W07-F01A.|Siren, whistle, spray
W05-B01E|Current|(2005-    )|Passive intrusion detection|W05-B01X|Covers sensing of intrusion, e.g. using microphones to detect sound produced. Intruder alarms using e.g. reflection of ultrasonic waves are covered by W05-B01C1A. Acoustic detection of glass breakage for alarm purposes is covered by W05-B01G5.|
W05-B01G|Current|(1997-    )|Glass breakage detector|W05-B01B, W05-B01X||
W05-B01G1|Current|(1997-    )|Based on electrical 'switching' action|||
W05-B01G5|Current|(1997-    )|Based on acoustic signal detection and analysis||W04-V04A7 is also assigned for the acoustic signal analysis aspect from 2002. Passive acoustic sensing of intrusion, not specifically for detection of glass breaking sounds, is covered by W05-B01E.|
W05-B01X|Current||Burglar/intruder alarms; scaring thieves - other||Includes apparatus for detecting a change in breathing of criminal, and change in physiological parameters of victims, e.g. pulse rate (see also S05-D01 codes).|
W05-B02|Current||Fire alarms||Electrical aspects of fire-fighting systems, e.g. using sprinklers or other extinguishing methods, are coded in X25-X.|
W05-B02A|Current||Responsive to smoke or gas||For detectors per se search S03 also. Includes detection of inflammable gas as a fire hazard. Alarms indicating failure in gas supply are assigned W05-B08J.|HV generator, shield
W05-B02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Using light-emitting and receiving device||Includes optical scattering type, see S03-E04C codes also.|Light source, photodetector
W05-B02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Using ionisation chamber||See S03-E10 for detector details.|
W05-B02A5|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting specific combustion products e.g. gas, produced by the fire||See appropriate S03 codes for gas analysis.|
W05-B02B|Current|(1992-    )|Radiation actuation e.g. from fire|W05-B02X|Flame detection for controlled combustion, is covered by X27-G02.|Temperature measurement, thermal trip, fire-type discrimination for automatic fire-fighting system
W05-B02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Infrared radiation detection|||IR radiation detector, photodetector, filter
W05-B02B5|Current|(1992-    )|Ultra-violet flame detection|||Photodetector, filter
W05-B02C|Current|(1992-    )|Mechanically actuated alarm||Covers fire alarm actuation by breaking glass, or conductors.|
W05-B02D|Current|(1992-    )|Electric actuation of alarm||Covers fire alarm actuation by thermally-responsive switch, or similar.|
W05-B02X|Current||Fire alarms - other|||
W05-B03|Current||Alarms responsive to two or more different conditions||Covers alarm sensor inventions, e.g. an IR sensor responsive to body heat for an intruder alarm and to heat radiation from a fire for a fire alarm, and not connection of a common alarm transducer (e.g. a klaxon, bell, or flashing light) to a number of separate sensors.|
W05-B04|Current||Alarms responsive to unspecified condition|||
W05-B05|Current||Alarms with signalling to central station and alarm signal transmission||These codes includes alarms connected (electrically or by e.g. EM transmission) to a police or fire station, i.e. 'central station' alarms. They describe the transmission medium and mode between any alarm sensor and alarm reproducing transducer. Other W05-B codes are assigned as appropriate where alarms of a specific type are involved, e.g. W05-B01 codes for intruder alarms. From 2008, W05-B05A7 is introduced for 'reverse' transmission, i.e. to highlight novel aspects of alarm signalling from a central station to sensors or alarm substations.|
W05-B05A|Current|(1992-    )|Alarm signalling mode||These codes define the mode of communication between sensors and central station. From 2008 the title of this code has been changed to reflect the inclusion of 'reverse' transmission, i.e. to highlight novel aspects of alarm signalling from a central station to sensors or alarm substations, for which W05-B05A7 has been introduced.|
W05-B05A1|Current|(1992-    )|With sensor signalling to central station|||
W05-B05A5|Current|(1992-    )|With cyclic interrogation or polling from central station||Polling protocol in data networks is covered by W01-A06F1C and centralised control aspects in general by W01-A06E2A.|
W05-B05A7|Current|(2008-    )|With central station signalling to alarm sensors or substations||This code covers 'reverse' transmission, i.e. alarm signalling from a central station to sensors or alarm substations.|
W05-B05B|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission medium||These codes define the medium used for communication between sensors and central station. W01 or W02 codes are also assigned as necessary to highlight particular novel aspects from a communications viewpoint, but from 2002, W05-B05B codes are used without W01 or W02 codes where there is no specific novelty in the communication system or equipment. Note that from 2002, transmission via the telephone network (landline and radio) is transferred to W05-B05G and that W05-B05B3 is therefore discontinued.|
W05-B05B1|Current|(1992-    )|Using power transmission lines||Also assigned W02-C01A3 and in X12-H03 for novel aspects of power line transmission. (Prior to 2002, these codes were routinely assigned also).|
W05-B05B2|Current|(1992-    )|Using radio transmission system||See appropriate W02-C03 codes for transmission details. From 2002, W02 codes are only assigned for novel aspects. Prior to 2002 mobile telephone networks used for alarm signal transmission were coded for the radio aspect, i.e. W05-B05B2 was assigned. From 2002, where radio systems are part of a telephone network W05-B05G5 codes take precedence.|
W05-B05B3|Retired|(1992-2001)|Using telephone transmission lines*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2002 this subject matter is transferred to W05-B05G1. W05-B05B3 remains valid and searchable for records between 1992 and 2001. Prior to 2002, W01-C05A was routinely assigned also for inventions making use of the telephone network for alarm transmission.|
W05-B05B4|Current|(1992-    )|Using optical link||Includes fiber and free-space links.|
W05-B05B5|Current|(2002-    )|Using internet|W01-A06B7, W05-B05B3, W05-B05B9|This code covers the use of the internet as an alarm signal transmission medium. As such, 'internet' codes in W01-A06B7 are not normally used, unless some novel aspect from a data communications viewpoint is involved. Use of other, e.g. private, data transmission network is covered by W05-B05B6, but note that W05-B05B5 takes precedence over W05-B05B6 for systems involving joint use of internet and other data networks.|
W05-B05B6|Current|(2006-    )|Using data network||This code covers the use of data networks as an alarm signal transmission medium, other than internet-based systems which are covered by W05-B05B5 which takes precedence for use of the internet and systems involving joint use of internet and other data networks e.g. a local area network. W01-A06 codes are also assigned for novel data network aspects.|
W05-B05B9|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission medium - other|||
W05-B05G|Current|(2002-    )|Using telephone transmission||This code and its subdivisions cover all aspects of telephone network transmission of alarm signals and from 2002 are used for this topic in place of W05-B05B2 or W05-B05B3 as appropriate. The breakdown of the codes is based on that used for telemetry and telecontrol signal transmission medium, as represented by W05-D06G codes. In the event that an invention concerns both alarm signal transmission and telemetry or telecontrol aspects, W05-D06G codes will be used in preference. From 2002, pure applications of telephone networks to alarm signal transmission are not covered in W01 (e.g. W01-C05A) or W02, these codes now being used only in cases of genuine 'communications' novelty.|
W05-B05G1|Current|(2002-    )|Landline|W05-B05B3||
W05-B05G5|Current|(2002-    )|Radio telephone|W05-B05B4||
W05-B05G5A|Current|(2002-    )|Cordless telephone transmission|W05-B05B2||
W05-B05G5C|Current|(2002-    )|Cellular telephone transmission|W05-B05B2|This code is intended for cellular systems of the 'TDMA' kind, especially GSM. Alarm signal transmission over UMTS or similar networks is assigned W05-B05B5G, which takes precedence.|
W05-B05G5G|Current|(2002-    )|UMTS transmission|W05-B05B2|This code is intended for alarm signalling over a 'third generation' or similar network, such as '4G', and takes precedence over W05-B05G5C which is intended for use of cellular systems of the 'TDMA' kind, especially GSM. Novel multiple access aspects are highlighted by assignment of W02-K05 codes, especially W02-K05A7 for CDMA, and W02-K07C for OFDM.|
W05-B05G5J|Current|(2002-    )|WLL transmission|W05-B05B2|This code is intended for alarm signalling over a fixed radio telephone link of 'wireless local loop' or similar type. Novel details of the radio system are highlighted by additional assignment of W02-C03D codes for the 'point-to-point' aspect.|
W05-B05G5X|Current|(2002-    )|Other telephone network alarm signal transmission|||
W05-B07|Current|(2005-    )|Personal safety alarms|W05-B09|Anti-mugging and personal defence alarms are covered by W05-B01D5. Alarms warning of abduction or separation from children based on transponders or received signal level are covered by W05-B01A5A.|
W05-B07A|Current|(2005-    )|Industrial worker protection alarm|||
W05-B07C|Current|(2005-    )|Aged or infirm persons protection alarm||Monitoring of patients in hospital is also assigned S05-G02B codes.|
W05-B07E|Current|(2005-    )|Driver or pilot protection alarm||X22-E04 is also assigned for road vehicle driver alertness alarms.|
W05-B07G|Current|(2005-    )|Protection alarm triggering condition||These codes are assigned with W05-B07A, W05-B07C, W05-B07E or W05-B07X as appropriate to indicate the condition being sensed. In general the sensed condition involves measurement or observation of some aspect of the individual or their activity. Thus an alarm sensing abnormal cardiac rythyms can be assigned this code but an alarm indicating a problem with e.g. infusion apparatus can not, and is covered by W05-B07C alone.|
W05-B07G1|Current|(2005-    )|Based on body position or attitude|||
W05-B07G3|Current|(2005-    )|Based on lack of activity||Includes detection of an alarm condition directly based on lack of movement or indirectly based on non-use of lighting, water supply, toilet etc.|
W05-B07G5|Current|(2005-    )|Based on medical parameter or medical equipment failure||From 2012 the title of this code has been revised to reflect the previous inclusion of alarms related to the malfunctioning of medical equipment in addition to its original main scope of alarms based on a 'medical parameter' meaning a measurement or observation of some aspect of an individual. These two topics are now covered separately by the subdivisions below, the codes being normally assigned with W05-B07C. S05 codes are also assigned as appropriate.|
W05-B07G5A|Current|(2012-    )|Alarm based on medical parameter||This code covers alarms triggered by a measurement or observation of some aspect of the individual, e.g. by sensing abnormal cardiac rhythms. S05-D codes are also assigned as appropriate for the condition sensed, e.g. S05-D01A1 for an alarm triggered by ECG measurements. Alarms indicating a problem with equipment used to treat a patient are not included and are covered by W05-B07G5C. |
W05-B07G5C|Current|(2012-    )|Alarm based on medical equipment failure||This code covers alarms generated by a malfunction in medical equipment that represents a danger or risk to a patient, such as an alarm indicating a problem with infusion apparatus or a ventilator. S05 codes are also assigned as appropriate for the type of equipment, e.g. S05-J01A for an alarm indicating a problem with an infusion device. Alarms which are triggered by a measurement on the patient themselves are not included and are covered by W05-B07G5A. |
W05-B07G9|Current|(2005-    )|Based on other parameter|||
W05-B07J|Current|(2005-    )|Accidental falling into water alarm|||
W05-B07J1|Current|(2005-    )|Swimming pool alarm||X25-X06 is also assigned for electrical aspects of swimming pools.|
W05-B07J3|Current|(2005-    )|Person overboard alarm||See W06-C01B codes also for details of on-board aspects of ship or boat systems.|
W05-B07J9|Current|(2005-    )|Other accidental falling into water alarm|||
W05-B07K|Current|(2006-    )|Detecting presence of person in hazardous area||Covers alarms indicating the presence of a person in a hazardous area, (other than in water as covered by W05-B07J codes), e.g. a person fallen onto a railway track (see X23-A09A3 also) or a highway (see T07 codes also). Industrial safety systems in general are covered by X25-X12. For specific details of the detection system, see S03-C06 and other S03-C codes as appropriate.|
W05-B07L|Current|(2005-    )|Dangerous gas alarms||Covers detection of the presence of explosive, toxic, or other gases hazardous to life. Smoke detectors are covered by W05-B02A codes.|
W05-B07L1|Current|(2005-    )|Sensing poisonous combustion products||This code is intended for detecting the presence of toxic combustion products, e.g. carbon monoxide, or other dangerous gases.|
W05-B07N|Current|(2011-    )|Electrical safety alarm||This code covers alarms warning of electrical hazards, e.g. using a detector to warn an electrician that power lines, switchgear or other electrical equipment is 'live', or failure of safety measures such as residual current circuit breakers or earthing. To denote industrial applications of electrical safety alarms W05-B07A is also assigned and for inventions specific to the electrical supply industry X12 and X13 codes are also assigned as appropriate, e.g. X12-G01D for power line maintenance. W05-B07N is not assigned for mains supply failure alarms which are covered by W05-B08J codes (i.e. as 'Utility-based alarms').|
W05-B07X|Current|(2005-    )|Other personal safety alarm|||
W05-B08|Current|(1997-    )|Disaster warning/alarm systems|W05-B04|In 2005 the title of this code was expanded to better reflect its coverage. S03-C05 is also assigned for novel aspects of geophysical natural disaster prediction and detection. Emergency broadcast radio receivers are assigned W05-A05A, which may be searched in conjunction with W05-B08 codes as appropriate.|
W05-B08A|Current|(1997-    )|Earthquake alarm|||
W05-B08C|Current|(1997-    )|Adverse weather-related disaster alarm||Includes flooding, landslide, avalanche.|
W05-B08G|Current|(2005-    )|Terrorist attack alarm||Includes systems, manually or automatically actuated, e.g. for warning of an attack in progress.|
W05-B08J|Current|(1997-    )|Utility-based alarm||Covers alarms indicating failure of supply interruption of utilities, e.g. due to adverse weather or faults at the point of generation or consumption.|
W05-B08J1|Current|(2005-    )|Domestic consumer utility alarm||Covers alarm at domestic customer premises.|
W05-B08J3|Current|(2005-    )|Industrial consumer utility alarm||Covers alarm at industrial customer premises.|
W05-B08J5|Current|(2005-    )|Commercial consumer utility alarm||Covers alarm installed on commercial premises, e.g. in a shop or hotel.|
W05-B08J7|Current|(2005-    )|Utility supply producer alarm||Covers alarms relating to safety issues and the like affecting plant and distribution systems of a utility provider.|
W05-B08X|Current|(2005-    )|Other disaster warning/alarm systems|||
W05-B09|Current||Alarms - other||See general note for W05-B code group.|
W05-B10|Current|(2005-    )|General details of alarm systems|W05-B09|Codes in this subgroup cover equipment details of alarm systems. When specific to a particular alarm type, other W05-B codes are assigned as appropriate.|
W05-B10A|Current|(2005-    )|Alarm switches|W05-B09|Novel details of electromechanical switches are covered by V03 codes and electronic switches by U21-B codes.|
W05-B10C|Current|(2005-    )|Alarm constructional details|W05-B09|Covers external aspects such as housings and internal details such as PCB mounting. See V04-S and V04-T codes for further details.|
W05-B10E|Current|(2005-    )|Alarm power supplies|W05-B09|Power supplies in general are covered by U24 codes, (assuming low-power types), which are also assigned as appropriate to indicate novel aspects.|
W05-B10X|Current|(2005-    )|Other general alarm system details|W05-B09||
W05-C|Current||Monitoring of signalling or alarm systems||This code group relates to monitoring and testing of equipment and systems covered by W05-A and W05-B.|Redundancy, standby supplies
W05-C01|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of signalling or alarm systems||Includes checking for power disruptions etc.|Fail-safe
W05-C01A|Current|(1992-    )|Sensor fault||Covers apparatus/system for checking that fault lies within sensor itself. Includes self-testing sensors, (with W05-C01C from 2002).|Sensor checking, faulty sensor identification
W05-C01B|Current|(1992-    )|Line fault||Covers apparatus/system for checking if fault lies within line.|Loop continuity checking
W05-C01C|Current|(2002-    )|Self testing systems||Includes arrangements for testing on switch-on or start-up. Self-testing sensors are also assigned W05-C01A.|
W05-C01J|Current|(2005-    )|Detection of tampering with alarm systems||Covers sensing of deliberate tampering or unauthorised access to alarm equipment, e.g. through opening of housing.|
W05-C02|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring of signalling or alarm systems||From 2009 the scope of this code has been extended to include protection against false alarms, previously covered by W05-C05, and new subdivisions are introduced to distinguish this topic from other 'processing' and hardware aspects.|Alarm condition simulation, alarm acceptance
W05-C02A|Current|(2009-    )|Control desk, indicators, displays and other hardware||This code is intended for hardware aspects of alarm monitoring centers and the like.|
W05-C02C|Current|(2009-    )|Alarm interpretation, prediction and false alarm discrimination||This code is intended for control aspects, including software, involved with the determination that an alarm condition exists.|
W05-C02C1|Current|(2009-    )|Alarm interpretation and processing||This code covers arrangements for determining that an alarm condition exists, e.g. based on outputs of several sensors, and extracting relevant data such as time, location, etc. When emphasis is on predicting an alarm condition W05-C02C3 is assigned and when emphasis is on disregarding of false alarms W05-C02C5 codes take precedence.|
W05-C02C3|Current|(2009-    )|Alarm prediction||This code covers arrangements for predicting an alarm condition based on e.g. trend in change of measured values from sensors, etc.|
W05-C02C5|Current|(2009-    )|False alarm prevention||This code covers arrangements for preventing or reducing the incidence of false alarms, including compensating for noise or other spurious effects.|
W05-C02C5A|Current|(2009-    )|False alarm prevention involving sensor features||This code covers arrangements which are part of the alarm sensor for preventing or reducing false alarms.|
W05-C02C5C|Current|(2009-    )|False alarm prevention involving features external to sensors||This code covers arrangements which are external to the alarm sensor for preventing or reducing false alarms, e.g. by corroborating the output from several sensors.|
W05-C03|Current|(1992-    )|Arming/disarming of alarms||This code covers enabling and disabling of alarms by an authorized person, e.g. by use of an input security code. It includes temporary and permanent disabling of EAS tags at point-of-sale, for which W05-B01A2 codes are also assigned as appropriate.|
W05-C05|Retired|(1992-2008)|False alarm protection*||*This code is now discontinued and from 2009 the topic of false alarm prevention is covered by W05-C02C5 codes to place it in the same hierarchy as alarm interpretation and prediction. W05-C05 remains valid and searchable for records prior to 2009.|
W05-D|Current||Transmission systems for measurement or control signals||The codes in this group relate to telemetry and telecontrol systems. From 2002 the codes have been revised to enable a better distinction between the concepts of transmission medium (now represented by W05-D06 codes), application (in W05-D07 codes as before), and function or mode (now represented by W05-D08 codes). The W05-D01, W05-D03 and W05-D04 subgroups are discontinued from 2002, but remain valid for records from 1980 - 2001.|Remote actuation, control, remote operation, remote monitoring, process-variable transmission systems
W05-D01|Retired|(    -2001)|Digital encoders*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 W05-D01 and its subdivisions are no longer used, the idea of 'absolute' position encoders being conveyed by a new U21 code, U21-A03J5, with other U21-A03J codes being assigned also to specify the technology used. W05-D01 codes remain valid and searchable for records prior to 2002, and were used for rotary or linear encoders giving unique digital representation of position (see U21-A03 codes also) but not systems determining speed or position by counting pulses generated by movement (covered by S02-G01 codes).|
W05-D01A|Retired|(    -2001)|Magnetic or inductive*||*This code is now discontinued.|Magnet, magnetic field, winding, coil, resolver
W05-D01B|Retired|(    -2001)|Photoelectric*||*This code is now discontinued.|Light source, detector, shield, opaque/transparent sections, step-variable transmission, pattern
W05-D01X|Retired|(    -2001)|Digital encoders - other*||*This code is now discontinued.|Electrode, brush, wiping contact, contact pattern capacitance
W05-D02|Current||Multiplex systems and multiple access||This code covers multiplexing and multiple-access schemes, especially as used in data networks. To highlight novel aspects of such systems, W01-A and W02-K codes are also assigned as appropriate, e.g. W01-A06F1 codes which highlight access control protocols. Within W05-D, novelty in signal format or protocol other than for multiple access purposes is indicated by assignment of W05-D08J. Prior to 2012 W01-B06 was assigned for selection (i.e. switching) aspects of telemetry and telecontrol systems in addition to relevant W05-D02 codes but from 2012 that code is discontinued and the topic is covered by appropriate W05-D02 codes only.|Cyclic sensor interrogation, sequential monitoring
W05-D02A|Current|(2002-    )|Time division|||TDM
W05-D02A1|Current|(2002-    )|TDMA|||
W05-D02C|Current|(2002-    )|Frequency division|||FDM
W05-D02E|Current|(2002-    )|Spread spectrum||Transmission of measurement and control signals via UMTS is assigned W05-D06G5G, and as an inherent SS system is not assigned W05-D02E codes. Spread spectrum communication in general is assigned W02-K05 codes. For transmission systems for measurement or control W02-K05 codes are only assigned for actual novelty in the spread spectrum aspect.|
W05-D02E1|Current|(2002-    )|Hybrid spread spectrum system|||
W05-D02E6|Current|(2002-    )|Frequency hopping spread spectrum|||
W05-D02E7|Current|(2002-    )|Direct sequence spread spectrum|||CDMA, code division multiple access
W05-D02E9|Current|(2002-    )|Other spread spectrum type|||
W05-D02J|Current|(2007-    )|Sensor or actuator addressing||This code involves addressing for a multiplex or multiaccess scheme and may be used alone or with other W05-D02 codes defining the scheme.|
W05-D02X|Current|(2002-    )|Other multiplex and multiple access systems|||Wavelength division multiplexing, WDM
W05-D03|Retired|(    -2001)|Electric signal transmission*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 W05-D03 and its subdivisions are no longer used, the subject matter being covered by new subgroups for 'Transmission medium' (W05-D06) and 'Function and mode' (W05-D08). W05-D03 codes remain valid and searchable for records between 1980 and 2001. W05-D06 'medium' codes are assigned on the basis that pure applications with no novelty in the communications are not coded in W01 or W02. Prior to 2002, codes from those classes were routinely assigned in addition to W05-D03 codes.|
W05-D03A|Retired|(    -2001)|Using pulses*||*This code is now discontinued.|Digital data transmission, pulse modulator/ demodulator, pulse code/width/amplitude/repetition rate/position modulation
W05-D03B|Retired|(    -2001)|Using frequency, phase, current or voltage magnitude*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 analogue measurement or control signal transmission is indicated by W05-D08A.|Continuous, analogue
W05-D03C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Telephone line*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002, telephone line transmission for measurement and control signals is covered by W05-D06G1. Prior to 2002 W01-C05B3E or W01-C05B3F were assigned for all aspects of telephone line transmission in telemetry and telecontrol but from 2002 are only assigned for novelty in the telephone system or equipment.|Modem, public line
W05-D03D|Retired|(1992-2001)|Power line*||*This code is now discontinued but prior to 2002 was assigned with W02-C01A3 and X12-H03 codes. From 2002, power line transmission for measurement and control signals is covered by W05-D06P.|Power line carrier communication, PLCC, mains
W05-D03E|Retired|(1992-2001)|Wired system; dedicated wiring*||*This code is now discontinued. See W01-A06 codes for networks e.g. LAN, WAN, etc. From 2002, dedicated wired systems for transmission of measurement and control signals are covered by W05-D06R and the use of data networks by W05-D06F.|
W05-D03X|Retired|(    -2001)|Electric signal transmission - other*||*This code is now discontinued but included inductive systems of e.g. rotary transformer type, with W05-D04. and V02 codes assigned as appropriate. From 2002 these aspects are covered by W05-D06T1.|Dynamo-electric devices, rotating/stationary part transmission using coils
W05-D04|Retired|(    -2001)|Using radio link; non-electric systems*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 W05-D04 and its subdivisions are no longer assigned, the subject matter being covered by new subgroups for 'Transmission medium' (W05-D06) and 'Function and mode' (W05-D08). W05-D04 codes remain valid and searchable for records between 1980 and 2001. W05-D06 'medium' codes are assigned on the basis that pure applications with no novelty in the communications aspect are not coded in W01 or W02. Prior to 2002, codes from those classes were routinely assigned in addition to W05-D04 codes.|
W05-D04A|Retired|(1987-2001)|Radio link*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 see W05-D06A1A for radio systems or W05-D06G5 codes for radio telephone systems as appropriate.|Radio-link remote vehicle locking, garage door opening, radio control of models, robot vehicles etc.
W05-D04A1|Retired|(1987-2001)|Remote control*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002, this topic is represented by assignment of W05-D08C (remote control) with W05-D06A1A for general radio systems or W05-D06G5 codes for radio telephone systems as appropriate.|Telecontrol
W05-D04A5|Retired|(1987-2001)|Remote monitoring*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002, this topic is represented by assignment of W05-D08E (remote monitoring) with W05-D06A1A for general radio systems or W05-D06G5 codes for radio telephone systems as appropriate.|Telemetry moving object
W05-D04B|Retired|(1992-2001)|Optical link*||*This code is now discontinued. See W02-C04 codes for optical transmission in general.|Light, IR, UV
W05-D04B1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Optical fibre*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 this subject matter is transferred to W05-D06C.|Fiber-optic
W05-D04B3|Retired|(1992-2001)|Free space transmission*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002 this subject matter is transferred to W05-D06A3.|Line-of-sight link
W05-D04B5|Retired|(1992-2001)|Remote control*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002, this topic is represented by assignment of W05-D08C (remote control) with W05-D06A3 for free space optical systems or W05-D06C for optical fiber-based systems as appropriate.|
W05-D04B7|Retired|(1992-2001)|Remote monitoring*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002, this topic is represented by assignment of W05-D08E (remote monitoring) with W05-D06A3 for free space optical systems or W05-D06C for optical fiber- based systems as appropriate.|Telemetry
W05-D04B9|Retired|(1992-2001)|Optical link - other*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W05-D04C|Retired|(1992-2001)|Ultrasonic link*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002, this topic is represented by assignment of W05-D06A5.|Sound transmission, telemetry, telecontrol
W05-D04D|Retired|(1992-2001)|Pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical transmission*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002, this topic is represented by assignment of W05-D06M.|
W05-D04D1|Retired|(1992-2001)|Mud-pulse telemetry*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2002, this topic is represented by assignment of W05-D06M1. See also X25-E02A1 for well logging.|
W05-D04G|Retired|(1997-2001)|Using transponders*||*This code is now discontinued. It was used with other W05-D04 codes as appropriate. From 2002, this topic is represented by assignment of W05-D08G. RF transponder systems are also assigned W02-G05 codes.|
W05-D05|Current||Preventing or correcting errors; monitoring|||
W05-D05A|Current|(1992-    )|Noise suppression/compensation||Spread spectrum systems with inherent resistance to interference are covered by W05-D02E codes (or W02-K05 codes prior to 2002), and only assigned W05-D05A when this resistance is part of the novelty.|Filtering, redundancy
W05-D05A1|Current|(2002-    )|Based on error detection or correction||See U21-A06 for digital signal error detection in general and W01-A01B codes for specific application to data transmission.|
W05-D05B|Current|(1992-    )|Security||This code is intended for novel aspects of remote measurement and remote control systems that relate to security in the sense of preventing or detecting unauthorized access, or other tampering with the system such as a remote locking/unlocking system for a vehicle (see W05-D07D and X22-D01A also). It is not intended as a code to indicate 'security' as an application and so is only used for specific aspects relating to improving the security of the telemetry or telecontrol system itself.|Access restriction, signal coding
W05-D05B1|Current|(2009-    )|Security based on use of codes||This code is intended for novel aspects of code-based security in remote control or monitoring systems. The term 'code' is intended to encompass the use of encryption and also generated pseudorandom digital words and digital passwords, but signal coding for error correction purposes is not included, being covered by W05-D05A1. For inventions involving the prevention or detection of interception of transmitted coded signals which are not themselves novel, W05-D05B5 codes take precedence.|
W05-D05B5|Current|(2009-    )|Security based on preventing or detecting interception, malicious software, or unauthorized access||From 2012 the scope of this code has been widened to include arrangements for protecting against malicious software and preventing unauthorized access to a remote control or monitoring systems, e.g. via a network, in addition to its previous coverage of methods or apparatus for the detection and/or prevention of interception and retransmission of control or measurement signals, now covered by W05-D05B5A. W05-D05B5 codes take precedence over W05-D05B1 when coded signal interception or modification is to be avoided but both codes may be assigned together if the form of the coded signals themselves is also novel. Inventions relating to factory automation (FA) systems are also assigned W05-D07B.|Eavesdropping, intercept, relay attack
W05-D05B5A|Current|(2012-    )|Security based on preventing or detecting interception||This code is intended for security arrangements based on the detection and/or prevention of interception and retransmission of control or measurement signals. Where novel communications aspects are involved other telecommunications codes such as W01-A05L5 are also assigned as appropriate. W05-D05B5C takes precedence over this code for arrangements protecting against modification of software, e.g. by viruses, and W05-D05B5E takes precedence for preventing unauthorized access to a network-based control system.|
W05-D05B5C|Current|(2012-    )|Security based on protecting against malicious software or modification of control programs||This code is intended for security arrangements based on the detection and/or protection against malicious software, such as viruses, trojans, worms etc., or other unauthorized modification of control programs. T01-N02B3 is also assigned for malicious software protection. W05-D05B5E takes precedence for protection of network-based control systems against unauthorized access.|
W05-D05B5E|Current|(2012-    )|Security based on preventing or detecting unauthorized network access||This code is intended for security arrangements based on the detection and/or prevention of unauthorized access to a networked control system. As such it is likely to be assigned with W05-D06E for remote control or measurement systems connected to the internet or W05-D06F for data network-based systems in general. Control of access to data networks in general is covered by W01-A06E1C and firewall aspects are also assigned T01-N02B1D.|
W05-D05B9|Current|(2009-    )|Other security aspects of remote control or remote monitoring systems||Includes physical protection such as mechanical locks and constructional features.|
W05-D05C|Current|(1992-    )|Testing/monitoring of system||Includes setting up and commissioning. See W02-C01D codes for line system testing, W02-C04C1 codes for optical system testing, and W02-C05 codes for monitoring of transmission systems in general. S01 codes may also be assigned for specific electrical testing.|Fail-safe, sensor/actuator monitoring, continuity testing, loopback
W05-D06|Current|(2002-    )|Transmission medium||The codes in this subgroup are intended to allow the transmission medium for remote measurement or control signals to be separately highlighted, and replace the codes previously used which related to media in W05-D03 and W05-D04. To specify telemetry, telecontrol, or mode, W05-D08 codes are assigned as well as appropriate. W01 or W02 codes are also assigned as necessary to highlight particular novel aspects from a communications viewpoint, but W05-D06 codes are used without W01 or W02 where there is no specific novelty in the communication system or equipment. Note that part of the code structure below (W05-D06G codes in particular) is also used to define telephone network signalling for 'central station' type alarms (W05-B05G codes). In the event that an invention concerns both telemetry or telecontrol and alarm signal transmission aspects, W05-D06G codes will be used in preference.|
W05-D06A|Current|(2002-    )|Non-contact transmission media|W05-D04|These codes are intended to include 'wireless' or 'cordless' transmission systems, and thus encompass free-space optical, radio, and similar technologies.|
W05-D06A1|Current|(2002-    )|Radio and near-field||Includes RF or near field systems using electric, or more commonly, magnetic field transfer as used for rotary couplings, 'smart card' or 'tag' type coupling where ends of link can be separated by variable (short) distance.|
W05-D06A1A|Current|(2002-    )|Radio|W05-D04A|This code is mainly intended for dedicated radio systems - transmission over radio telephone networks is covered by W05-D06G5 codes and transmission over wireless data networks is covered by W05-D06F1, both of which take precedence over this code. Radio systems in general are covered by W02-C03 codes, and radio equipment by W02-G codes, which are also assigned for novel aspects.|
W05-D06A1B|Current|(2002-    )|Near-field|W02-C02, W05-D03X, W05-D04|Near-field systems in general are covered by W02-C02 codes, which are also assigned for novel aspects. This code is intended for near-field communication without a mechanical connection, i.e. it does not include capacitive or inductive couplings, e.g. of rotary type, which are covered by W05-D06T codes.|
W05-D06A3|Current|(2002-    )|Free space optical|W05-D04B3|This code covers arrangements for transmitting remote control or measurement signals over a free-space optical path, using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light. Optical fiber and light guide systems involving a mechanical connection are covered by W05-D06C. Novel optical communication system aspects are represented by W02-C04 codes, especially W02-C04B2 codes for free-space transmission, these being also assigned where application to other systems as well as remote control or monitoring are indicated.|IR, UV
W05-D06A5|Current|(2002-    )|Sonic or ultrasonic link|W05-D04C|This code is primarily intended for transmission of remote monitoring or control signals through air or similar gaseous medium. Systems involving sonic or ultrasonic transmission with a mechanical connection - including transmission through water - are covered by W05-D06M codes. Sonic or ultrasonic communication in general is covered by W02-C07 codes.|
W05-D06C|Current|(2002-    )|Optical fibre and light guide system|W05-D04B1|This code covers arrangements for transmitting remote control or measurement signals over a fiber-optic path, using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light. Free space optical transmission is covered by W05-D06A3. Novel optical communication system aspects are represented by W02-C04 codes, especially W02-C04B1 codes for fiber-based transmission, these being also assigned where application to other systems as well as remote control or monitoring are indicated.|IR, UV
W05-D06E|Current|(2002-    )|Internet-based transmission|W01-A06B7|This code covers the use of the internet as a measurement or control signal transmission medium. W01-A06 codes are not normally assigned for this topic unless some novel aspect from a data communications viewpoint is involved but T01-N codes may also be assigned for significant computing aspects. The use of data networks other than the internet for telemetry / telecontrol signal transmission is covered by W05-D06F codes and use of telephone networks by W05-D06G codes.|Internet-of-things, IoT, web-based control, web-based monitoring
W05-D06F|Current|(2005-    )|Data network-based transmission||This code covers the use of data networks as a transmission medium, other than internet-based systems which are covered by W05-D06E. W01-A06 codes are also assigned for novel data network aspects.|CAN, controller area network, EIB, european installation bus, field bus, FlexRay, KNX, LAN, local area network, profibus, VAN, vehicle area network
W05-D06F1|Current|(2016-    )|Wireless network||Covers use of a wireless (radio) based data network. This code takes precedence over W05-D06A1A which covers the use of non-network radio communication for remote control or remote measurement. For wireless sensor networks search with W05-D08E. Radio systems in general are covered by W02-C03 codes and radio equipment by W02-G codes, which are also assigned when these aspects are novel.|Bluetooth(RTM), wireless LAN, WLAN, Zigbee(RTM)
W05-D06G|Current|(2002-    )|Telephone|W01-C05B3E, W01-C05B3F|In addition to the previously used codes indicated below, W01-C05B3E or W01-C05B3F were routinely assigned depending on the remote control or remote monitoring aspect. Where some novel aspect of the telephone system itself is involved these W01 codes will also be assigned.|
W05-D06G1|Current|(2002-    )|Landline|W05-D03C||
W05-D06G5|Current|(2002-    )|Radio telephone|W01-B05A1, W02-C03||
W05-D06G5A|Current|(2002-    )|Cordless telephone transmission|W01-B05A1B, W02-C03C3||
W05-D06G5C|Current|(2002-    )|Cellular telephone transmission|W01-B05A1A, W02-C03C1|Use of '3G' or similar non-TDMA mobile telephone systems is covered by W05-D06G5G, which takes precedence.|
W05-D06G5G|Current|(2002-    )|Third-generation (3G) mobile phone system||This code is intended for measurement or control signalling over a 'third generation' or similar network, such as '4G', and takes precedence over W05-D06G5C which is intended for use of cellular systems of the 'TDMA' kind, especially GSM. Applications of spread spectrum communications to transmission of measurement and control signals in general are assigned W05-D02E codes. Novel multiple access aspects are highlighted by assignment of W02-K05 codes for spread spectrum, especially W02-K05A7 for CDMA, and W02-K07C for OFDM.|
W05-D06G5J|Current|(2002-    )|WLL and fixed access systems|W01-B05A1G, W02-C03D|This code is intended for measurement or control signalling over a fixed radio telephone link of 'wireless local loop' or similar type. Novel details of the radio system are highlighted by additional assignment of W02-C03D codes for the 'point-to-point' aspect.|
W05-D06G5X|Current|(2002-    )|Other telephone network measurement or control signal transmission|||
W05-D06M|Current|(2002-    )|Pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical|W05-D04D|This code covers the transmission of measurement or control signals through water or other liquids. Systems involving sonic or ultrasonic transmission without a mechanical connection, e.g. via the air, are covered by W05-D06A5.|
W05-D06M1|Current|(2002-    )|Mud pulse telemetry|W05-D04D1||
W05-D06P|Current|(2002-    )|Power line communication|W05-D03D||
W05-D06R|Current|(2002-    )|Dedicated wired system|W05-D03D|This code is intended for electric signal transmission over wires specifically installed for the purpose. Fiber-optic systems of this type are covered by W05-D06C.|
W05-D06T|Current|(2002-    )|Inductive or capacitive coupling|W05-D03X, W05-D04|These codes are intended for mechanically-associated inductive or capacitive coupling, e.g. of rotary type between fixed and moving parts of a machine. Arrangements using near-field transmission without mechanical association, i.e. in a 'cordless' sense, are covered by W05-D06A1B.|
W05-D06T1|Current|(2002-    )|Inductive coupling|W05-D03X, W05-D04|Search with V02 codes for specific novel aspects, e.g. V02-F02D for rotary transformers.|
W05-D06T5|Current|(2002-    )|Capacitive coupling|W05-D03X, W05-D04||
W05-D06X|Current|(2002-    )|Other medium|||
W05-D07|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission of control or measurement signals for specific systems||These codes are intended to highlight application and are used with other W05-D codes as appropriate for details of e.g. transmission mode or medium.|
W05-D07A|Current|(1992-    )|For home automation||Includes home bus systems.|Heating, ventilating, air conditioning, water heater, lighting
W05-D07B|Current|(1992-    )|For factory automation|||Process monitoring, field bus, manufacturing, control, inventory, production line
W05-D07C|Current|(1992-    )|For building control||Includes systems for intelligent buildings.|HVAC, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, environment control, computer, sensor interrogation, alarm
W05-D07D|Current|(1992-    )|For vehicles||See X22 and W06 respectively for land vehicles, and aircraft or ship-based systems. Use with W05-D02 codes for multiplex aspects.|
W05-D07E|Current|(1997-    )|For office automation||See T04, W02-J, S06 sections for printer, facsimile and photocopier as appropriate.|
W05-D07F|Current|(1997-    )|For power generation and distribution||Includes power plant and systems control. See also X12-H codes.|
W05-D07G|Current|(1997-    )|For utility meters i.e. electricity, gas, water||See also S01-B01 and X12-H04A for remote reading of electricity meters, and S02-K08A for remote meter reading in general.|
W05-D07H|Current|(2006-    )|For earth drilling and well logging||Prior to 2006 this topic was covered by W05-D07X. For mud pulse telemetry W05-D06M1 and W05-D08E are also assigned. See S03-C codes and X25-E02 codes for well logging in general, and class H01 for all aspects of oil and gas production.|
W05-D07M|Current|(2011-    )|For medical systems and equipment||S05 codes are also assigned to indicate specific details.|
W05-D07X|Current|(1992-    )|Other application of telemetry and telecontrol systems||From 2006 oil rig and drilling applications are transferred to W05-D07H.|
W05-D08|Current|(2002-    )|Function and mode||These codes are intended to indicate, irrespective of transmission medium or application (respectively conveyed by use of W05-D06 and W05-D07 codes) the purpose of the system in terms of remote control or remote monitoring. They are also used to flag an analogue system, on the basis that the majority of inventions are likely to relate to switching or digital transmission, signal format and that transponders are involved.|
W05-D08A|Current|(2002-    )|Analogue system|||
W05-D08C|Current|(2002-    )|Remote control||Prior to 2002, see W05-D04A1 for radio-based remote control and W05-D04B5 for optical systems.|
W05-D08C1|Current|(2002-    )|Remote control and monitoring||This code takes precedence over W05-D08E when transmission of telecontrol and telemetry signals are involved.|
W05-D08E|Current|(2002-    )|Remote monitoring||For systems involving transmission of both telecontrol and telemetry signals, W05-D08C1 takes precedence over W05-D08E. For sensor networks search with W05-D06F codes, e.g. W05-D06F1 is assigned with W05-D08E to denote wireless sensor networks. (Prior to 2016 see W05-D06F and W05-D08E).|
W05-D08G|Current|(2002-    )|Using transponders|W05-D04G|RF transponder-based systems in general are assigned W02-G05 codes, which are also used here for novel aspects of radio-based systems. Transponder systems for identification purposes are assigned W06-A04B for radio signal systems, W06-A05B for sonar-type systems, and W06-A06B for optical systems.|
W05-D08J|Current|(2002-    )|Novel signal format or protocol||This code is intended to highlight that the nature of signals used in a telemetry or telecontrol system is novel in some way. These aspects could include novelty in waveforms, voltage levels, modulation, protocols or the like, and are further highlighted by the assignment of codes in e.g. U21 or W01 as appropriate where their use conveys additional information. Systems involving multiplex and multiple access schemes are covered by W05-D02 codes, and signal coding for security by W05-D05B. W05-D08J will not normally be assigned for these cases unless a specific signal format or protocol novelty exists.|
W05-D08L|Current|(2005-    )|Learning' type and 'universal' remote controllers||Covers remote controls capable of controlling different equipment types, e.g. after 'training' in signal format. Remote controllers for general audio or video entertainment systems with this property are covered by W03-G05A1A.|
W05-D08N|Current|(2005-    )|Constructional details of telemetry/telecontrol equipment||Covers external aspects such as housings and internal details such as PCB mounting. See V04-S and V04-T codes for further details.|
W05-D08P|Current|(2009-    )|Power supply for telemetry / telecontrol equipment||This code covers power supplies specifically for remote measurement or remote control systems. Novel details of power supplies are also assigned relevant codes in U24, e.g. U24-D and U24-E codes.|
W05-D08R|Current|(2009-    )|Repeaters and extenders for remote control and remote monitoring||This code covers arrangements for extending the range of remote control or remote monitoring systems, including devices such as 'remote control extenders', usually based on repeaters. Remote control extenders specifically for use with AV equipment are covered by W03-G05A8. Novel aspects of repeaters are also assigned codes depending on technology, e.g. W02-C04A5 for optical repeaters and W02-G05C for radio types. W05-D08R is intended for arrangements permitting increased separation between e.g. controller and controlled device, and modifications to codes or command sets to increase the scope of the controlled functions and the like are not included, being covered by W05-D08J.|
W05-D08X|Current|(2002-    )|Other function or mode aspects|||
W05-D09|Current||Other transmission systems for measurement or control signals||This code covers systems for transmitting or receiving remote control or remote measurement signals not fitting into any other W05-D subdivision code.|
W05-E|Current||Display arrangements||W05-E codes include, in general, display aspects not catered for elsewhere and for specific applications and device technology relevant codes in other classes should be considered, such as T04 codes for computer monitors and W03 codes for television displays. However, note that from 2007, certain W03-A codes (nominally for TV receivers) are used in a general sense for application to displays capable of presenting video information. (See the note at the start of W03 class for further details). Therefore, those searching with W05-E codes are advised to also consider use of W03-A codes for equipment capable of video display where that aspect is significant. From 2007 W05-E10 is introduced for 'electronic paper'.|
W05-E01|Current||Forming character by selecting elements||Includes seven-segment types.|Matrix, row, column
W05-E01A|Current||Drive circuitry|||Addressing, row/column/segment selection, decoder, driver, switching
W05-E01B|Current||Element arrangements|||Matrix, cell, alphanumeric display, filament, lamp, gas discharge, fluorescent, LED, LCD, Shutter, flap, electromagnetic actuator
W05-E02|Current||Arrays or layers of characters||Includes displays where characters are permanently fixed to e.g. moving band, or selectively uncovered, back-lit, etc.|Moving drum, disc, band, motor drive
W05-E03|Current|(1980-    )|Advertising displays and systems||This code covers displays used for advertising and similar commercial purposes (in W05-E03A codes), e.g. building signs with company logos and the like, and also advertising via other media such as TV broadcasts and the internet, provided that some visual aspect is involved. These codes may be used alone, or in conjunction with W05-E01 to W05-E05 codes. Signs for indicating emergency exits and the like in buildings are not assigned W05-E03 codes and are covered by W05-A03 codes and other W05-E codes as appropriate.|Lighting control, sequencer, discharge tube, incandescent lamp, LED, animated mobile, rotating display
W05-E03A|Current|(2002-    )|Advertising displays||These codes are assigned when some novelty in the actual means of presentation itself, is involved.|
W05-E03A1|Current|(2002-    )|Static illuminated signs and billboards|||
W05-E03A3|Current|(2002-    )|Signs and billboards with moving parts||Covers arrangements for bringing a different advertisement into view and for moving part of an advertisement, e.g. animation.|
W05-E03A5|Current|(2002-    )|Addressable or switchable advertising displays||These codes cover displays, generally using switched light sources or addressable back-lit elements, without physical movement of the display itself being involved. Codes specific to the display technology or elements involved are assigned as necessary from e.g. U12, U14, V05, or X26.|
W05-E03A5A|Current|(2002-    )|With separately controllable or addressable display elements||This code covers displays with some electrically controllable or addressable aspect, e.g. to allow the appearance of limited movement of a portion of the display. W05-E05A5C takes precedence for matrix-type displays of video type in which there is no restriction on the information presented.|
W05-E03A5C|Current|(2002-    )|Novel matrix-type display for advertising||This code takes precedence over W05-E03A5A and covers novel aspects of displays of video or analogous type allowing all display points in a matrix to be addressed as desired.|
W05-E03A5E|Current|(2002-    )|Video advertising using standard display||This code includes the use of standard video terminals, of 'TV set' or 'VDU' type arranged to present advertising messages, e.g. to persons in a queue or similar situation in a public area.|
W05-E03A6|Current|(2014-    )|Advertising displays including additional information aspect||This code and its subdivisions cover display arrangements or signs for advertising or similar commercial purpose which include an additional, non-visual aspect.|
W05-E03A6A|Current|(2014-    )|Advertising displays including audio aspects||This code covers display arrangements, billboards, or signs for advertising or similar commercial purpose which include an audio aspect, e.g. using recordings. See also W04-E30A3 for audio players in general. W05-E03A6A is not assigned for advertising using standard video displays, as covered by W05-E03A5E which are normally expected to include an audio aspect. Audible advertising without any visual element is covered (from 2014) by W05-F.|
W05-E03A6X|Current|(2014-    )|Advertising displays including other additional information aspect|||
W05-E03A7|Current|(2002-    )|Advertising displays involving synchronisation with movement of an observer||This code includes arrangements for presenting sequences of video or film type images so as to be viewable by an observer in a vehicle, e.g. a passenger on a train. Systems based on cine film or analogous methods are also assigned S06-B codes (e.g. S06-B05), and those using video projection are also assigned W04-Q01 codes.|
W05-E03A9|Current|(2002-    )|Other adverting display aspects|||
W05-E03C|Current|(2002-    )|TV advertising||This code covers novel aspects of the creation and transmission of television advertising. For systems checking that commercial messages are actually transmitted, e.g. at a designated time, see W02-F04C5.|
W05-E03E|Current|(2002-    )|Internet advertising||Novel aspects of internet communication are covered by W01-A06B7 codes as appropriate, and internet advertising applications in general by T01-N01A2C.|
W05-E03G|Current|(2002-    )|Telephone network advertising||This code covers text-based and similar systems involving visual presentation, and does not include purely audio messages.|
W05-E03M|Current|(2015-    )|Mobile Advertising||Includes advertising mounted on, or carried by vehicles and portable advertising displays and devices.|Advertising
W05-E05|Current|(1987-    )|General display details||W05-E05 codes may be used alone, in conjunction with other W05-E codes or to highlight display aspects in conjunction with other classes. Note that from 2007, provision has been made to use W03-A codes (nominally for TV receivers) in a wider sense for displays capable of presenting video, thus the use of W03-A codes in a search in addition to W05-E05 codes should be considered for such displays.|
W05-E05A|Current|(1987-    )|Filters||From 2007, filters specifically for video displays are covered by W03-A08E1. W05-E05A will continue to be assigned to general or non-video cases.|Polariser, anti-glare filter, diffuser, lens, fiber-optic
W05-E05B|Retired|(1987-2006)|Back lighting and analogous systems*||*This code is now discontinued. From 2007, the topics of back and edge lighting for displays are covered by new X26 codes, X26-U04A and it's subdivisions, which are used in conjunction with other X26-D codes as appropriate. W05-E05B codes remain valid and searchable for records prior to 2007, and covered back and edge lighting of displays, especially LCDs, in which U14-K01A4C is also assigned, but also the lighting of any translucent or transparent information source, such as advertisements, also assigned W05-E03A1. Note that back lighting or similar for computer monitors or telephone displays was not included, being covered by T04-H03D and W01-C01A2A respectively. X26 codes were also assigned as appropriate for light sources and optical components for illumination.|
W05-E05B1|Retired|(2002-2006)|Back lighting*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W05-E05B3|Retired|(2002-2006)|Edge lighting*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W05-E05B5|Retired|(2002-2006)|Diffusers and light source filters*||*This code is now discontinued. X26-D01E1 is assigned for diffusers and X26-D01C for filters.|
W05-E05B6|Retired|(2005-2006)|Light guide*||*This code is now discontinued. X26-D01F is assigned for this topic.|
W05-E05B7|Retired|(2002-2006)|Novel light sources*||*This code is now discontinued but was normally used with a code specific to the light source itself, e.g. in X26.|
W05-E05B9|Retired|(2002-2006)|Other back lighting and analogous system*||*This code is now discontinued.|
W05-E05C|Current|(1987-    )|Composite display i.e. made up of several individual displays|||Multiple CRT, discharge tube, matrix display, large screen, sports ground, stock market, truck-mounted display, passenger information, video wall
W05-E05G|Current|(2006-    )|General constructional details||This code is used with other W05-E codes or alone, as appropriate. It is not assigned for single applications covered elsewhere, such as for construction of a TV set display. From 2007, constructional details specific to video displays are covered by W03-A09 codes. W05-E05G will continue to be assigned to general or non-video cases.|
W05-E07|Current|(1997-    )|Head-mounted display||This code is used for general or unspecified applications only, and not when a specific code exists elsewhere. Head mounted displays specifically for TV receiver and similar applications are coded in W03-A08E7, and for virtual reality in W04-W07E1A.|
W05-E08|Current|(2002-    )|Display technologies not covered elsewhere||This code is intended for electrical displays not covered elsewhere, and is normally used with codes from other sections as appropriate, e.g. with S06-A codes for electrophotographic displays. Specific display technologies such as EL, LED, LCD, PDP, CRT are not included, and are covered in U12, U14, or V05 as appropriate. Novel technology aspects of electronic paper which cannot be coded elsewhere are covered here, and from 2007 W05-E10 is also assigned.|
W05-E10|Current|(2007-    )|Electronic paper||This code is intended as a general reference for 'electronic paper', interpreted as the use of mainly flexible electronic displays to provide a re-writable medium for presenting information in a form resembling normal printed matter, no power supply being required once data is written. Novel technology aspects will continue to be covered in e.g. U14 codes or in W05-E08.|
W05-F|Current|(2014-    )|Audible advertising||This code covers advertising involving audible communication only. Advertising involving audible and visual aspects is not included and is covered by W05-E03A5E for video advertising using a standard display, W05-E03A6A for other visual advertising displays that include audible information and in W05-E03C for TV advertising. W05-F includes audible advertising via the telephone network which is also assigned W01-C05B5G.|Audio Advertisement
W06|Current||Aviation, marine and radar systems|||
W06-A|Current||Radar, navigation, etc.||Includes analogous systems where principles are applicable to radar, sonar, etc. See also under application, e.g. for aircraft and ships where systems are specific.|
W06-A01|Current||Beacon systems||Includes aerials, receivers and transmitters, but see W02-B and W02-G codes also for specific features of RF systems.|
W06-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Fixed beacon providing navigational reference||From 1992, airport/landing strip systems are also coded in W06-B02E.|Hyperbolic, Loran-C, Omega, aircraft landing aid, ILS, microwave landing system, MLS, optical, sonic, ultrasonic system
W06-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Portable or vehicle-borne beacon for location|||Survival craft, liferaft, distress
W06-A02|Current||Direction finders|||Bearing measurement, incident radiation angle measurement, DF
W06-A02A|Current||Using radio waves||Antenna direction pattern changing is also covered by W02-B06 codes.|RDF, rotary antenna, antenna array, electronic beam steering, phase comparison, tracking
W06-A02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic direction finder||Includes systems resolving relative phases of signals from different antennae.|
W06-A02C|Current|(1992-    )|Using light|W06-A02X||IR, UV, visible, light source location
W06-A02C1|Current|(1992-    )|Tracking object with electronic imaging|W06-A02X|See T04-D codes also, e.g. T04-D07D for detecting movement or position. Includes warehouse monitoring aspects.|Pattern recognition
W06-A02E|Current|(1992-    )|Using sonic or ultrasonic waves|W06-A02X||Sound source location, gunfire location
W06-A02X|Current||Direction finders - other|||Nuclear radiation, Geiger counter
W06-A03|Current||Position fixing||Use with W06-A02 codes if direction finding aspect is present.|Multiple direction finding
W06-A03A|Current|(1992-    )|Satellite based system e.g. GPS||See W02-K05 codes for pseudonoise aspects.|Global positioning system, NAVSTAR, coarse, fine, secure, military
W06-A03A1|Current|(1997-    )|Novel aspects of GPS||Includes novel details concerning the overall GPS infrastructure. Novel GPS receivers are not included here and are coded in W06-A03A5R.|Infrastructure
W06-A03A5|Current|(1997-    )|GPS applications||Includes use of GPS information without necessarily any novel aspect of GPS per se.|
W06-A03A5A|Current|(2002-    )|Differential GPS||Includes systems using ground based transmitter of known accurate position to correct for GPS timing errors, e.g. due to ionospheric conditions, to provide more accurate positioning. Also includes use of pseudolites that transmit GPS format signals when line of sight to sufficient orbiting GPS satellites is restricted.|
W06-A03A5C|Current|(2002-    )|Absolute position determination||Includes use of GPS purely as a navigation tool.|
W06-A03A5E|Current|(2002-    )|Position determination for secondary purpose||Includes use of GPS position information for control of e.g. setting up of television channels, local information services accessing, etc., without necessarily presenting the geographical information to the equipment user.|
W06-A03A5G|Current|(2002-    )|Use of GPS as a time standard||Includes use of GPS timing information, e.g. for time-stamping transmitted data.|
W06-A03A5J|Current|(2002-    )|Use of GPS as a frequency standard|||
W06-A03A5M|Current|(2007-    )|GPS Jamming/anti-jamming||Includes arrangements for protecting GPS receiver from deliberate/hostile radio frequency (RF) interference to prevent GPS receiver code and carrier tracking from being effected, resulting in poor navigation performance, e.g. in weapons fire and control systems (see also W07 codes). Also see W06-A03A5R for anti-jamming systems built into the GPS receiver. See W02-L01 codes instead for deliberate jamming/anti-jamming of (non-GPS) communications in general. Non-deliberate/natural interference suppression in a GPS receiver is covered by W06-A03A5R and W02-G03B codes instead.|
W06-A03A5R|Current|(2002-    )|Novel GPS receiver||Includes novel hand-held or vehicle-borne GPS receiver. This code is normally applied when there is some novelty in the receiver construction itself such as a novel housing or display. For general use of a GPS receiver for position fixing, see W06-A03A5C instead. W02-G03 codes (for communications receivers) are also assigned as appropriate.|
W06-A03A5X|Current|(2002-    )|Other GPS applications|||
W06-A03B|Current|(2005-    )|Using radio waves||Includes the use of a number of radio receivers to determine the position of a transmitted radio signal, e.g. by triangulation, and also determination of own position based on reception of broadcast signals, or other transmissions, from known locations. The use of dedicated beacons transmitting special signals is covered by W06-A01A.|Base station, cell site, cellular, radio station, time-of-arrival, TOA, TV station
W06-A03D|Current|(2005-    )|Using light waves|||
W06-A03F|Current|(2005-    )|Using sonic or ultrasonic wave||Includes use of omni-directional hydrophones to determine sound source location. See also W02-C07C for hydrophones per se|
W06-A04|Current||Radar systems|||
W06-A04A|Current||Primary radar systems||Includes primary or passive target radar systems where a radar/radio signal is transmitted towards a target and the reflected signal is detected.|Non-cooperating/passive target systems
W06-A04A1|Current||Determining target position||Includes radar based rangefinding (see also S02-B01) and position determination.|Monopulse, distance, height measurement, tracking system, aircraft radio altimeter, level sensing, ground penetrating radar
W06-A04A2|Current||Using relative movement||Clutter suppression is covered by W06-A04E5. For Doppler intruder detector see W05-B01A codes also.|Frequency measurement, target discrimination/classification, MTI, velocity measurement, clutter suppression
W06-A04B|Current||Secondary radar systems||Includes secondary or active radar systems where a radar/radio signal is transmitted towards a target and then a reply signal is actively re-transmitted by the target back towards the originating transmitter/receiver. From 199701 remote reading of e.g. meters, etc., is excluded - see W05-D08G, W05-D08E and W05-D07G codes. All RFID transponder details and interrogation systems are also covered by T04-K codes, such as T04-K03B for novel RFID tags and T04-K02 codes for reading and writing aspects. See also W02-G05 codes for novel RF details such as antenna (W06-A04G7 also), associated with RFID systems. Analogous systems using other than radio waves are coded in the appropriate sections: e.g. W06-A05B codes for sonic/ultrasonic systems, and W06-A06B codes for light based systems.|Interrogation, response, reply, ID, code, sequence, security
W06-A04B1|Current|(1992-    )|For vehicle or aircraft identification||Includes radio frequency identification of vehicles and aircraft or parts of them, e.g. identification of tyres on a motor vehicle so that a specific deflated tyre can be identified. Also see T04-K03B for RFID transponders per se and T04-K02 codes for reading/writing aspects. See also W02-G05 codes for novel radio/RF details of RF transponders/tags such as antennae. See also W06-A04H1 for anticollision radar and W06-A04H7 for aircraft control aspects. Aircraft on-board navigation systems are also coded in W06-B01B1.|RFID, transponder, IFF, identification of friend or foe, air traffic control, ATC, flight identification
W06-A04B3|Current|(1992-    )|Security and coding aspects||Includes coding to prevent errors, suppress interference, or for military security.|Squawk
W06-A04B5|Current|(1992-    )|For object identification||For monitoring and identifying people. Also includes monitoring of passport, business cards ID.|
W06-A04B5A|Current|(2002-    )|Animals and livestock||Includes monitoring of livestock, pets and other animals. See also X25-N02 for monitoring livestock. See also X27-H03 for RF transponders used in pet access control collars and pet monitoring.|Dog, cat, pet, cattle, cow, sheep, horse, pig
W06-A04B5C|Current|(2002-    )|People||For monitoring/identifying people.|
W06-A04B5E|Current|(2002-    )|Workpieces||For monitoring industrial workpieces such as bottles on production line. See also T05-G02B1A for systems interrogating transponders attached to workpieces.|
W06-A04B5G|Current|(2007-    )|Goods/cargo||Includes monitoring or identifying of goods or cargo, e.g. during shipment/transportation. See also X25-F11 for tracking of goods in e.g. warehouse. See also T04-K03B for transponder tags/labels, T04-K02 for reading and writing aspects, and T01-N01A2E for Internet based tracking. Also see W02-G05 codes for novel RF aspects of transponder tags/interrogation. Monitoring/identifying of goods/articles during their manufacture is covered by W06-A04B5E and T05-G02B1A instead. |Cold chain, logistics
W06-A04B7|Current|(2005-    )|Using different response medium||Includes secondary radar systems where transmitted and received signals take different forms, for example, when the transmitted signal is radio but the re-radiated signal received is e.g. acoustic.|
W06-A04C|Current||Display arrangements|||Cathode ray tube, CRT, solid-state, PPI, sector, Cartesian, selective brightening, electronic cursor, character generator, MTI
W06-A04D|Current||Pulse system details||See U22 for pulse generation and processing in general. TR switching is coded in W06-A04G5 also. Continuous wave radar systems are covered by W06-A04F.|Pulse generator, pulse shaping
W06-A04D1|Current|(1992-    )|Pulse generators|||
W06-A04D3|Current|(1992-    )|Pulse compression, 'chirping'|||
W06-A04E|Current||Jamming; anti-jamming; monitoring; transforming co-ordinates; processing||Codes in this section are used for signal processing aspects of radar systems, either alone or with other codes in W06-A04 as appropriate.|
W06-A04E1|Current|(1987-    )|Jamming; anti-jamming, including 'passive' systems||Includes e.g. 'passive' chaff systems. Jamming/anti-jamming in general is covered by W02-L codes. Passive reflectors and absorbers are coded in W02-B03 codes also. Signature modification and camouflage aspects, such as radar absorbing coating on aircraft, are coded in W06-A04X only (and in W07-F codes as appropriate).|Noise generator, pulse insertion, window dispersion system, steerable antenna, nulling, notching, cancelling, EW, electronic warfare
W06-A04E1A|Current|(1992-    )|Jamming of radar||Includes electronic countermeasures for 'actively' jamming a radar signal. Passive countermeasures are coded in W06-A04E1 only.|
W06-A04E1C|Current|(1992-    )|Antijamming and countermeasures||Includes systems for overcoming an enemy's attempts to actively jam radar signal. Noise and clutter suppression in general is covered by W06-A04E5.|
W06-A04E3|Current|(1987-    )|Monitoring, testing, transforming coordinates|||
W06-A04E3A|Current|(1992-    )|Monitoring, testing, target simulation||Includes operator training.|Maintenance, repair, fault, monitor
W06-A04E3C|Current|(1992-    )|Detecting existence, type, or position of radar|||Hostile radar monitoring, police speed trap warning receiver, instantaneous frequency measurement receiver, IFM
W06-A04E3E|Current|(1992-    )|Coordinate transformation||Display systems per se are covered by W06-A04C. Video standards conversion in general is covered by W04-N05A.|Cartesian, polar
W06-A04E5|Current|(1987-    )|Noise/clutter suppression||Moving target discrimination in general is covered by W06-A04A2. Suppression of deliberate interference for anti-jamming is covered by W06-A04E1C. See W06-A04E9 also for correlation signal processing. Noise reduction for receivers in general is covered by W02-G03B codes.|Signal-to-noise ratio improvement, S-N, SNR, velocity discrimination, anti-clutter gain control, ACG, selective blanking, Constant false alarm rate, CFAR
W06-A04E9|Current|(1987-    )|Jamming; anti-jamming; monitoring; transforming co-ordinates; processing - other||Includes transformation and correlation processing. See T01-J04B1 for FFT and T01-J04B2 for data processing implementations of correlators.|Signal processing, angle correction, motion compensation, convolution
W06-A04F|Current|(1992-    )|Continuous wave radar||See U23-A codes for oscillators per se and U23-D codes for phase/frequency control.|CW, carrier, oscillator, FM, ramp, STALO, feedback, linearise
W06-A04G|Current|(1992-    )|General details of radar equipment|W06-A04X|Codes in this section are used alone or with other W06-A04 codes as appropriate.|
W06-A04G1|Current|(1992-    )|Transmitter circuitry|W06-A04X|Transmitters in general are covered by W02-G01 codes.|
W06-A04G3|Current|(1992-    )|Receiver circuitry|W06-A04X|Receivers in general are covered by W02-G03 codes.|
W06-A04G5|Current|(1992-    )|Transmit/receive switching|W06-A04X|See also W06-A04D for pulse system aspects. Gas filled switching tubes are covered by V05-A03, electronic switching in general by U21-B codes.|TR
W06-A04G7|Current|(1992-    )|Antennas and antenna control|W06-A04X|See W02-B codes for details of antenna systems.|Beam steering, phased array, active array, scanning, rotary mount, motor drive
W06-A04G9|Current|(1992-    )|Other radar equipment details|||
W06-A04H|Current|(1992-    )|Radar systems and applications|W06-A04X|Codes in this section are used with other W06-A04 codes or alone, as appropriate.|
W06-A04H1|Current|(1992-    )|Anticollision|W06-A04X|From 2005 radar anticollision systems have been transferred to W06-A04H1K. Prior to 2005, anticollision systems remain searchable in W06-A04H1.|
W06-A04H1A|Current|(2005-    )|Land vehicles|W06-A04X|Includes radar systems used on-board motor vehicles and trains.|
W06-A04H1B|Current|(2005-    )|Aircraft||Includes planes and helicopters.|
W06-A04H1C|Current|(2005-    )|Ships||Includes marine vessels, boats and submarines.|
W06-A04H1K|Current|(2005-    )|Anti-collision|W06-A04X|Can be used in conjunction with above W06-A04H1 codes. Search with W06-B01B1 for aircraft based systems, and X22-J05A for motor vehicles. See W06-A04H1 for anticollision systems prior to 2005.|
W06-A04H2|Current|(1992-    )|Weather radar|W06-A04X|Includes on-board aircraft weather radar when used with W06-B01B1. See also S03-D05 for meteorology.|Meteorological
W06-A04H3|Current|(1992-    )|Mapping|W06-A04X|Synthetic aperture radar per se is coded in W06-A04J.|
W06-A04H5|Current|(1992-    )|Tracking, target seeking|W06-A04X|See also W07-A01C for missile radar target-seeking system.|
W06-A04H7|Current|(1992-    )|Traffic control and monitoring|W06-A04X|Includes air traffic control, also coded in W06-B02E when based at airport. (Prior to 1992 not coded in W06-B02). See W06-A04B codes also for aircraft automatic ID systems.|ATC
W06-A04H8|Current|(1992-    )|Industrial radar system||This code is used chiefly in conjunction with other W06-A04 codes to indicate an analogous system used in an industrial environment. For example, use with W06-A04A1 for monitoring levels in a container (also coded in S02-C06D5).|
W06-A04H9|Current|(1992-    )|Radar applications - other|||
W06-A04J|Current|(1992-    )|Synthetic aperture radar|W06-A04X|See also W06-A04H3 for mapping.|SAR
W06-A04L|Current|(2005-    )|Bistatic/Multistatic/Passive radar systems|W06-A04X|Covers radar systems where the transmitter and receiver(s) are positioned in different locations and includes multistatic radar. See also W06-A04H2 (and S03-D codes) for bistatic weather radar. Also includes passive radar systems that utilize third party signals from commercial broadcast or communications transmitters to detect and track objects based on e.g. time-of-arrival difference of direct and reflected signal paths, or measurement of the bistatic Doppler shift and direction of arrival of the echo.|Passive coherent location, passive covert radar
W06-A04X|Current||Other radar systems||Includes signature modification by e.g. absorber materials. For absorber materials per se, see W02-B03D. Includes radar absorbing coatings and paints.|
W06-A05|Current|(1983-    )|Sonar systems||Does not include ultrasound equipment used purely for medical application. See appropriate codes in S05 and S03 only. Does not also include low range systems e.g. for determining material properties or flaws. See appropriate S03 codes only.|Ultrasonic/sonic measurement, object presence/size/thickness determination, Doppler measurement, transponder, locator
W06-A05A|Retired|(1983-2001)|For air, sea, land vehicles*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to W06-A05H codes from 2002 onwards. It remains searchable for 1983 to 2001. For specific cases, codes for vehicle type are also assigned. See W02-C07 for hydrophone systems. See also W06-C01B1 and X25-N02 for fish-locating equipment used in commercial fishing.|
W06-A05B|Current|(1997-    )|Secondary sonar systems||Includes secondary or active sonar transponders for identification. From 1997 remote reading of measured values is excluded - see W05-D08G, W05-D08E, E05-D07G and W05-D06A5 codes.|Interrogation, response, reply, ID, code, sequence, security
W06-A05B1|Current|(2005-    )|For vehicle or marine craft identification|||
W06-A05B3|Current|(2005-    )|Security and coding aspects||Includes control of sonar/ultrasound signal to prevent detection by unauthorised persons.|ID, code, sequence, security
W06-A05B5|Current|(2005-    )|For object identification||Includes identification of persons, objects, workpieces etc.|
W06-A05B7|Current|(2005-    )|Using different response medium||Includes secondary sonar systems where transmitted and received signals take different forms, for example, when the transmitted signal is ultrasound but the re-radiated signal received is e.g. radio.|
W06-A05C|Current|(1992-    )|Details of sonar systems and equipment|||
W06-A05C1|Current|(1992-    )|Transmitter circuits|||
W06-A05C3|Current|(1992-    )|Receiver circuits|||
W06-A05C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Display arrangements|||
W06-A05C5|Current|(1992-    )|Sonobuoys|||Repeater
W06-A05C6|Current|(2011-    )|Testing, Monitoring, Calibrating|||
W06-A05C7|Current|(1992-    )|Transducers||Includes transducers per se, beam forming, and mounting arrangements. See V06-V01N and other V06 codes as appropriate.|Piezoelectric, casing, mounting
W06-A05C8|Current|(2002-    )|Sonar jamming/anti-jamming||Includes equipment and methods.|
W06-A05C9|Current|(2002-    )|Other sonar equipment details|||
W06-A05D|Current|(2005-    )|Primary sonar systems||Includes primary or passive target sonar systems where a sonar signal is transmitted towards a target and a reflected signal is detected. This code is only applied when no specific sonar application or novel aspect is mentioned. For example, a novel primary sonar receiver will only be coded in W06-A05C3, with the fact that it is used in a primary sonar application, capable of being determined by the omission of any secondary sonar (W06-A05B) codes.|
W06-A05D1|Current|(2005-    )|Determining target position||Includes sonar distance or height sensing.|
W06-A05D2|Current|(2005-    )|Using relative movement||Includes sonar velocity sensing.|Doppler measurement, speed, velocity
W06-A05H|Current|(2002-    )|Sonar systems and applications|||
W06-A05H1|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicle applications|||
W06-A05H1A|Current|(2002-    )|Land vehicles||Also see X22 codes for further vehicle details.|
W06-A05H1B|Current|(2002-    )|Aircraft|||
W06-A05H1C|Current|(2002-    )|Ships||See W02-C07 for hydrophone systems. See W06-C01B1 and X25-N02 for fish locating equipment used in commercial fishing.|Depth measurement, fish finding equipment
W06-A05H1K|Current|(2002-    )|Anticollision||Can be used in conjunction with above W06-A05H1 codes. Search with X22-J05B for motor vehicle anticollision systems.|Anticollision
W06-A05H3|Current|(2005-    )|Mapping/imaging||Includes sonar imaging of seabed (see also S03-C codes).|
W06-A05H5|Current|(2002-    )|Tracking, target seeking|||Contact/target detection and classification, echo detection
W06-A05H8|Current|(2002-    )|Industrial sonar systems|||
W06-A05H9|Current|(2002-    )|Other sonar applications|||
W06-A05J|Current|(2007-    )|Synthetic aperture sonar||See also W06-A05H3 for mapping/imaging. Includes improving the spatial resolution of an active sonar array by combining data coherently between pings (acoustic pulses) to synthesize a longer effective array.|
W06-A06|Current|(1983-    )|Non-radio E.M. wave, e.g. light, systems||Optical communication in general is covered by W02-C04 codes.|Lidar, distance measuring equipment, DME, transmitter/receiver, light beam modulation
W06-A06A|Retired|(1983-2001)|For air, sea, land vehicles*||*This code is now discontinued and is transferred to W06-A06H codes from 2002 onwards. It remains searchable for records between 1983 and 2001. For specific systems, appropriate vehicle code is also assigned.|
W06-A06B|Current|(1997-    )|Secondary light-based systems||Includes secondary or active optical radar/LIDAR systems. Includes use of optical transponders for identification. From 1997 remote reading of measured values is excluded - see W05-D08G, W05-D08E, W05-D07G and W05-D06A3 codes.|Interrogation, response, reply, ID, code, sequence, security
W06-A06B1|Current|(2005-    )|For vehicle or aircraft identification|||
W06-A06B3|Current|(2005-    )|Security and coding aspects|||ID, code, sequence, security
W06-A06B5|Current|(2005-    )|For object identification||Includes secondary light-based systems for identifying and monitoring of people, objects, workpieces etc.|
W06-A06B7|Current|(2005-    )|Using different response medium||Includes secondary light-based systems where transmitted and received signals take different forms, for example, when the transmitted signal is optical but the re-radiated signal received is e.g. ultrasonic.|
W06-A06C|Current|(2005-    )|Details of non-radio E.M. wave, e.g. light, systems and equipment||Can be used alone or in conjunction with other W06-A06 codes as appropriate.|
W06-A06C1|Current|(2012-    )|Transmitter circuits||Transmitter circuits|
W06-A06C2|Current|(2012-    )|Receiver circuits||Receiver circuits|
W06-A06C3|Current|(2006-    )|Display arrangements|||Cathode ray tube, CRT, LCD, liquid crystal
W06-A06C5|Current|(2006-    )|Monitoring; testing; calibrating|||
W06-A06C8|Current|(2006-    )|Jamming/anti-jamming||Includes countermeasures and counter-counter measures for optical targeting systems, such as laser designed to illuminate and confuse missile optical targeting sensor. See also W07-F03.|
W06-A06D|Current|(2005-    )|Primary light-based systems||Includes primary or passive target optical radar or LIDAR (light detection and ranging) where a lidar/laser signal is transmitted towards a target and a reflected signal is detected. This code is only applied when no specific optical radar application or novel aspect is mentioned. For example, a novel primary LIDAR receiver will only be coded in W06-A06C, with the fact that it is used in a primary LIDAR application, capable of being determined by the omission of any secondary LIDAR (W06-A06B) codes.|
W06-A06D1|Current|(2005-    )|Determining target position||Includes light-based distance and height sensing. Prior to 2005 indeterminate-application distance sensing was covered in W06-A06.|
W06-A06D2|Current|(2005-    )|Using relative movement||Includes light-based velocity sensing.|
W06-A06H|Current|(2002-    )|Non radio E.M. wave, e.g. light, system applications|||
W06-A06H1|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicle applications|||
W06-A06H1A|Current|(2002-    )|Land vehicles||Also see X22 codes for further vehicle details.|
W06-A06H1B|Current|(2002-    )|Aircraft|||
W06-A06H1C|Current|(2002-    )|Ships|||
W06-A06H1K|Current|(2002-    )|Anticollision||Can be used in conjunction with above W06-A06H1 codes. Search with X22-J05C for motor vehicle anticollision systems.|Anticollision
W06-A06H2|Current|(2006-    )|Weather lidar||Includes laser radar systems designed for meteorological use. See also S03-D codes for meteorology.|
W06-A06H3|Current|(2005-    )|Mapping/imaging||Includes LIDAR mapping of e.g. rain forest canopy. See S02-B04 only for photographic imaging/surveying.|
W06-A06H5|Current|(2002-    )|Tracking, target seeking||See W07-A01C only for missile heat seeking system.|Target detection, tracking, optical, IR
W06-A06H8|Current|(2002-    )|Industrial non-radio E.M. wave systems||Includes detecting presence of e.g. bottles to be filled on production line.|
W06-A06H9|Current|(2002-    )|Other non-radio E.M. wave, e.g. light, systems|||
W06-A06J|New|(2017-    )|Continuous wave Lidar|||
W06-A06K|New|(2017-    )|Synthetic aperture Lidar|||
W06-A07|Old|(    -2006)|Gyroscopes||Includes laser types (see V07 and V08 also). Non-electrical and non-electro-optical types are coded in S02-B07 only.|Optical, fibre, motor driven
W06-A07|Current|(2007-    )|Gyroscopes; Inertial navigation systems||From 2007 this code has been expanded to include inertial navigation systems (INS) using e.g. on-board linear accelerometers and rate gyroscopes to determine position/attitude of e.g. missile (see also W07 codes). Includes electrical aspects of gyroscopes used for navigational applications. Includes laser types (see V07 and V08 also). Non-electrical and non-electro-optical types are coded in S02-B07 only.|Optical, fibre, motor-driven
W06-A08|Current|(1992-    )|General or combination system for land navigation|W06-A09|See S02-B08. See T07-A05 also for roadside aspects. See X22-E06D only for on-board vehicles aspects. For purely satellite navigation see W06-A03A5 only.|Vehicle, guidance, beacon, satellite, dead-reckoning
W06-A09|Current||Radar, navigation etc. (incl. compasses) - other||Non-electrical aspects of compasses are coded in S02-B06 only.|Magnetic field measurement, heading/course indication
W06-B|Current||Aviation and aerospace systems|||
W06-B01|Current||Aircraft|||
W06-B01A|Current||Control systems for power plant, control surfaces, etc; auto-pilots|||Braking control, anti-skid system
W06-B01A1|Current|(1983-    )|For power plant|||Speed, power, flow, starting
W06-B01A1A|Current|(2006-    )|IC engine power plant||Includes control of internal combustion engines e.g. driving propellers.|Propeller, IC
W06-B01A1C|Current|(2006-    )|Gas turbine/jet engine power plant||Includes control of gas turbine jet engines such as turboprop, turbofan, turboshaft, RAMjet, SCRAM jet engines and pulse detonation engines. Also includes control of small gas turbines used as auxiliary power units (APUs) e.g. to generate power when aircraft is on the ground (see also X11-C01 for gas turbine driven electricity generation plant).|Gas turbine engine control, Supersonic Combustion RAMJET
W06-B01A1X|Current|(2006-    )|Other power plant||Includes control of aircraft power plant not already provided for.|
W06-B01A5|Current|(1983-    )|Affecting flight path, e.g. autopilots, control surfaces||See T06-B01 for course/attitude control in general.|Flap/aileron/rudder controls, trim adjustment, course correction
W06-B01B|Current||Instrumentation; communications|||
W06-B01B1|Current|(1983-    )|For navigation||See W06-A04H1 for anticollision radar systems, and W06-A04H2 for weather radar.|Instrument landing system, ILS, microwave landing system, MLS, beacon homing systems, radar navigation, collision-avoidance, course, heading attitude, altitude, air-speed, ground-speed measurement, stall warning devices, wind shear warning, turbulence detection
W06-B01B3|Current|(2002-    )|Head-up displays/head mounted displays||Includes displays built into pilot's helmet or goggles. See X27-A02B1A for electrical aspects of helmets and goggles.|
W06-B01B5|Current|(1983-    )|For vehicle/engine parameters|||Engine speed, temperature, fuel gauges, cabin pressure, outside temperature/ pressure, ice build-up, weight on landing gear detector
W06-B01B6|Current|(1992-    )|Black box recorder||See T03/W04 for dynamic recording aspects also.|
W06-B01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Communications equipment, antennas||See W02-B codes for antennae, W02-G codes for communication equipment such as transceivers, receivers, etc., and W01-C04 for intercoms. For (radio)telephone for use by passengers, search with W01-C07 codes. Public address systems are covered by W06-B01C7.|Aerial mounting, cabling, crew headsets, radio telephone installation
W06-B01B8|Current|(1992-    )|Data bus systems||See appropriate codes in T01, W01, and W05 (e.g. W05-D02). This code is used for data bus aspects in general whether for control or instrumentation, (W06-B01A codes also assigned for specific control aspects).|
W06-B01C|Current||Electrical equipment (incl. de-icing, lighting)|||
W06-B01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical installations||Includes connectors, fittings, and wiring for general application to on-board electrical systems. (See V04 and X12-G codes also). Non-hardware aspects of data bus systems are covered by W06-B01B8.|
W06-B01C2|Current|(2002-    )|External lighting for signalling or navigation|||
W06-B01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical power generation, distribution and control||See X11, X12, X13 and X16 also.|Alternator, generator, invertor, battery, circuit-breaker
W06-B01C4|Current|(1992-    )|De-icing equipment||Includes thermal and electromechanical systems.|
W06-B01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Environmental control and internal lighting||Includes pressurisation system, heating, etc.|
W06-B01C6|Current|(2007-    )|Electric propulsion||See also X11 codes for high power electric motors per se and X13-F/G codes for high power electric motor control systems.|
W06-B01C7|Current|(1992-    )|Public address and in-flight entertainment|||PA, loudspeaker, amplifier, tape recorder, video, VTR, projection
W06-B01C8|Current|(2005-    )|On-board security systems||Includes anti-hijack systems and arrangements to subdue attackers. Use with W06-B01A5 for systems preventing attackers from piloting aircraft, e.g. into building, and W06-B02E for systems enabling remote flying of aircraft from the ground.|Terrorism, hijack
W06-B01C9|Current|(1992-    )|Other aircraft electrical equipment||Includes emergency escape equipment, food preparation equipment, toilets, etc. Also includes aircraft-mounted weather influencing systems (see also X25-X20).|Oxygen mask, escape hatch
W06-B02|Current||Airport control systems and equipment|||Passenger handling, security, ground equipment
W06-B02A|Current|(1992-    )|Security systems|||
W06-B02A1|Current|(1992-    )|For personnel||Includes detection of concealed weapons and detection of infectious diseases in people (see also S05-D codes) at airport. For passport checking see W06-B02R instead.|Magnetic, electromagnetic
W06-B02A5|Old|(1992-2005)|For baggage inspection||Includes use of transponder tags or bar-code reader. See S03-C03 and S03-E06B codes also for inspection.|X-ray, neutron, image, tracking, inspection, monitoring, smuggling
W06-B02A5|Current|(2006-    )|For baggage inspection or tracking||Includes use of transponder tags or bar-code reader. See S03-C03 and S03-E06B codes also for inspection.|X-ray, neutron, image, tracking, inspection, monitoring, smuggling
W06-B02A5A|Current|(2006-    )|Baggage inspection||Includes detection of concealed articles such as guns and explosives or other illegal substances, e.g. using x-rays or neutron sensors. See S03-C03 and S03-E06B codes also for inspection.|Image, drugs, narcotics, guns
W06-B02A5E|Current|(2006-    )|Baggage tracking and monitoring||Includes all aspects of tracking and monitoring of location of baggage within airport, e.g. using transponder tags (see also W06-A04B5 and W02-G05 codes) or bar-code reader (see also T04).|
W06-B02C|Current|(1992-    )|Passenger information equipment||Includes displays (see W05-E codes also), public address (see W04-S05 codes), etc.|
W06-B02D|Current|(1992-    )|Ground equipment for servicing aircraft|||Truck, empty, fill, refuel, power line, luggage, baggage
W06-B02E|Current|(1992-    )|Ground based navigation and communication equipment||See W06-A codes for details of beacons etc. Includes runway lights. Only coded here if specific to airports.|Air traffic control, runway lighting, approach lighting, ILS marker, outer marker, beacon
W06-B02L|Current|(2014-    )|Aircraft launching/towing gear||Includes catapult for launching military aircraft (Q25-P13) from aircraft carrier (Q24-P13) or launching/winch arrangements for gliders (see also Q25-P05). See Q25-R07 for mechanical details.|
W06-B02R|Current|(2007-    )|Check-in/reservation||Includes on-line seat reservation or booking of flights (see also T01-N01A2 codes), and check-in via e.g. mobile phone. See W06-B02C also for airport based information terminals/displays. Also includes ticket purchase authentication method for airport, and passport checking/control.|
W06-B02S|Current|(2011-    )|Airport safety||Includes fire-fighting (see also X25-X05) and evacuation equipment. Also includes electrical details of bird and animal scaring equipment (see also X25-X02).|
W06-B02T|Current|(2011-    )|Airport terminal equipment||Includes airport specific equipment such as environmental controls including heating, air-conditioning and internal terminal lighting as well as transportation of passengers and baggage within terminal. For baggage conveyors used to load aircraft, see W06-B02D instead.|Lift, escalator, travelator, baggage conveyor, lighting, heating, air conditioning, transportation, internet terminals
W06-B02X|Current|(1992-    )|Other airport systems||Only coded here if specific to airports. Includes lamps used for repelling birds on runway, electrical airport terminal equipment not covered elsewhere. For mechanical details of airport terminals see Q25-R instead.|
W06-B03|Current||Space vehicles|||Satellites, electrical system, solar panels, cooling, foldable antenna reflectors, space exploration vehicles, space suits, protection systems
W06-B03A|Current|(1992-    )|Propulsion systems||Search with V05-E05A for ion beam thrusters. See also X14-F04 for plasma generators.|
W06-B03A1|New|(2017-    )|Engine Control||Engine fuel supply control.|Fuel supply control
W06-B03B|Current|(1992-    )|Power supplies||Includes solar power installations, also coded in X15-A codes, e.g. X15-A02 codes for solar panels.|
W06-B03C|Current|(1992-    )|Communications installations||Includes antennae, antenna mountings, transceivers etc., but not internal circuitry or general systems aspects of satellite repeaters, which are covered by W02-G05 codes.|
W06-B03D|Current|(1992-    )|Life support systems||Includes spacesuits.|Anti-G suit, cooling, heating, oxygen
W06-B03E|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical systems for on-board experimentation or manufacture|||
W06-B03F|Current|(2002-    )|Navigation and position control||Includes attitude control of satellite or space craft. See also T06-B01 codes for position, attitude and altitude control.|Attitude control, navigation
W06-B03H|Current|(2002-    )|Electrical installations||Includes connectors, fittings and wiring.|Electrical systems
W06-B03J|Current|(2002-    )|Instrumentation||Includes on-board electrical instrumentation, and system status monitoring, testing and reporting.|Monitor, test, status, instrumentation
W06-B03X|Current|(1992-    )|Other space vehicles||Includes space exploration vehicles.|
W06-B04|Current|(1983-    )|Training equipment, simulators|W06-B09|See W04-W07 codes for training and educational equipment in general, and W04-W07A for simulators other than for aircraft or space vehicles.|
W06-B05|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of aircraft or space vehicles||See appropriate codes in section S. For in-flight testing also see W06-B01 codes for aircraft and W06-B03 for space vehicles.|
W06-B06|Current|(2008-    )|Design of aircraft and space vehicles||Includes all electrical details of aircraft/spacecraft design. Also see T01-J15 codes for computer aided design (CAD) per se.|
W06-B08|Current|(1997-    )|Manufacture of aircraft or space vehicle|W06-B09|Includes manufacturing process of electrical components only or substantial electrical equipment for mfr. or maintenance of any part of vehicle.|
W06-B09|Current|(1980-    )|Other aviation and aerospace systems||Includes other aircraft and space craft systems not covered elsewhere, such as antistatic or RF screening. From 2006, aircraft types are covered by W06-B15 codes, though other aircraft types such as balloons, airships, and gliders remain searchable in W06-B09 prior to 2006. Also includes aerial refuelling arrangements.|Protective coating for antistatic or RF screening purposes, aerial refuelling
W06-B15|Current|(2006-    )|Specific aircraft types|||
W06-B15A|Current|(2006-    )|Lighter-than-air craft||Includes balloons and airships.|Blimp dirigible
W06-B15B|Current|(2006-    )|Helicopter; Rotorcraft|||
W06-B15C|Current|(2006-    )|Glider|||
W06-B15D|Current|(2006-    )|Commercial aircraft||Only applied if specific to commercial aircraft. Can be used in conjunction with other W06-B15 codes.|
W06-B15E|Current|(2006-    )|Military aircraft||Only applied if specific to military aircraft. Can also be used in conjunction with other W06-B15 codes. See W07 also for military equipment per se.|
W06-B15F|Current|(2006-    )|Microlight|||
W06-B15G|Current|(2006-    )|VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) aircraft|||
W06-B15U|Current|(2007-    )|Unmanned aerial vehicles||Includes UAVs and micro UAVs used for geophysical surveying, military reconnaissance (see also W07-F04), imaging etc.|
W06-B15X|Current|(2006-    )|Other aircraft types||Includes sea planes, motor vehicles convertible into aircraft, and electrical aspects of other aircraft such as hang gliders, ornithopters or parachutes.|
W06-C|Current||Shipping|||
W06-C01|Current||Marine-craft|||
W06-C01A|Current||Control systems|||Steering equipment, automatic pilot, bridge, helm
W06-C01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Engine control||See W06-C01C9 for engine related hardware such as fuel pumps or ignition systems.|Power/speed control
W06-C01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Steering, course control||See T06-B01A for course control in general.|Automatic pilot, heading, rudder, trim
W06-C01B|Current||Instrumentation; communications||Includes aerials (search with W02-B codes) and radio communication equipment (with W02-G codes).|
W06-C01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Instrumentation for navigation||See X25-N02 and W06-A05D1 for fish locating using sonar. See W06-A03A5 and S02-B08 codes for GPS navigation per se. See W04-X01D for sports fishing.|Navigation, compass, satellite, radar, sonar, installations, speed, course, depth measurement, chart recorders, fish finding equipment, anticollision
W06-C01B5|Current|(1992-    )|Instrumentation for monitoring ship condition||Includes engine monitoring. See also relevant S01-S03 codes.|
W06-C01B7|Current|(1992-    )|Communications equipment||Includes equipment for communication on-board and with other vessels or shore stations. See also W01 and W02 codes for telephone and radio communications per se.|
W06-C01B8|Current|(1992-    )|Data bus systems||See appropriate codes in T01, W01, and W05 (e.g. W05-D02). This code is used for data bus aspects in general, whether for control or instrumentation. (W06-C01A codes also assigned for specific control aspects).|
W06-C01C|Current||Electrical equipment (incl. lighting)||Includes external lighting for general illumination of navigational reference (see also X26). See W06-C01C5 only for internal lighting.|
W06-C01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical installations||Includes wiring, connectors, etc. of general application to on-board systems. V04 and X12 codes are also assigned as appropriate.|Switch, plug, duct, trunking, cables, junction box, fittings
W06-C01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical power generation and distribution||See also U24/X12 for power generation/distribution, X15 for solar/wind power generation and X16 for battery/fuel cell aspects.|
W06-C01C5|Current|(1992-    )|Environmental control and internal lighting||Includes heating, air conditioning, etc. See also X26 for lighting per se.|
W06-C01C6|Current|(2006-    )|Public address and on-board entertainment||See also W04 codes for public address and gaming systems per se.|PA, loudspeaker, amplifier, tape recorder, video, VTR, projection, television, game
W06-C01C7|Current|(1992-    )|Electric propulsion||See X11 codes also for motors per se, and X13 for motor control.|
W06-C01C9|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical equipment - other||Includes specific equipment such as electric fuel pump or ignition system, e.g. for outboard motor.|
W06-C04|Current|(1992-    )|Simulators and training equipment|W06-C09|Simulators and training equipment in general are covered by W04-W07 codes.|
W06-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Testing of ships or ship equipment|||
W06-C06|Current|(2008-    )|Design of marine vessels||Includes all electrical details of ship and marine craft design. Also see T01-J15 codes for computer aided design (CAD) per se.|
W06-C07|Old|(1992-2015)|Port equipment, buoys, beacons||Includes analogous equipment on rivers, estuaries, etc., and maintenance/dry dock facilities. Testing is covered by W06-C05. Beacon navigation systems are coded in W06-A01 codes. Includes light buoys anchored outside harbour etc. Also includes vessel traffic control at port.|
W06-C07|Current|(2016-    )|Port equipment, buoys, beacons||Prior to 2016 buoys intended for use in a port, harbor, estuary, river or other waterway were covered by W06-C07 while those intended for use in open sea were covered by W06-C09. From 2016 electrical aspects of buoys for all applications are covered by W06-C07C.|
W06-C07A|Current|(2016-    )|Port and mooring equipment||Includes electrical aspects of maintenance and dry dock facilities and also loading and unloading equipment such as cranes, hoists and the like, also covered by X25-F05 codes. Mechanical aspects of port equipment are covered by Q24-R codes and of cranes and other lifting equipment by Q38-B. Includes electrical details of onshore and offshore mooring equipment.|
W06-C07C|Current|(2016-    )|Buoys and beacons||This code covers electrical aspects of buoys and beacons irrespective of their location, i.e. open sea, harbour, inland waterway etc. (Previously buoys intended for use in a port, harbour, estuary, river or other waterway were covered by W06-C07 while those intended for use in open sea were covered by W06-C09, but now W06-C07C covers them all). Buoys in general (including those with no electrical aspects) are covered by Q24-P18. Beacon navigation systems are covered by W06-A01 codes.|
W06-C07E|Current|(2016-    )|Marine traffic control||Includes offboard/port equipment for controlling marine vessels. Also includes communications between port/shore and vessels or between vessels for traffic control or prioritization purposes.|Marine traffic lights, sign, priority
W06-C08|Current|(2002-    )|Marine vessel manufacture||Includes electrical aspects of ship or boat manufacture. For ship maintenance see W06-C07.|Shipbuilding
W06-C09|Old|(1980-2015)|Other shipping details||Includes electrical aspects of diving equipment, buoys out at sea (see W06-C07 for port side buoys).|Diving equipment, diver communication systems, buoys
W06-C09|Current|(2016-    )|Other shipping details||Includes electrical aspects of diving equipment which in general is covered by Q24-X04. Prior to 2016 this code covered buoys intended for use in open sea. From 2016 electrical aspects of buoys for all applications are covered by W06-C07C.|Diving equipment, diver communication systems
W06-C10|Current|(2006-    )|Life saving equipment||Includes life jackets. See W06-C15C code scope note instead for emergency or survival craft per se.|Buoyancy aid, life vest, light, alarm, beacon, distress
W06-C15|Current|(2006-    )|Specific marine vessel types|||
W06-C15A|Current|(2006-    )|Personal/recreational watercraft||Includes jet-skis, kayaks and canoes. See W04-X codes for electrical aspects of sports equipment such as water skis.|
W06-C15B|Current|(2006-    )|Submarines; Submersible craft|||
W06-C15C|Current|(2006-    )|Emergency/rescue craft||Includes life boats and life rafts. See W06-C10 instead for life saving accessories such as life jackets.|Survival craft, inflatable craft
W06-C15D|Current|(2006-    )|Commercial vessels||Only applied if specific to commercial vessels. Can be used in conjunction with other W06-C15 codes.|
W06-C15D1|Current|(2006-    )|Fishing boats; Trawlers||Includes electrical cranes, hoists, winches etc. for handling fish and whales.|
W06-C15D3|Current|(2006-    )|Tankers||Includes oil tankers.|
W06-C15E|Current|(2006-    )|Military vessels||Includes aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates etc. Use with W06-C15B for military specific submarines or W06-C15F for military specific hovercraft. See also W07 for military equipment per se.|
W06-C15F|Current|(2012-    )|Environmental vessels||Includes vessels for collecting pollution from open water or any other vessel helping to maintain the environment.|Oil spill, oil slick
W06-C15G|New|(2017-    )|Floating buildings, drilling platforms, workshops||Includes electrical aspects of floating vessels, towers, houses and buildings normally designed to be static at a fixed location.|
W06-C15H|Current|(2006-    )|Hovercraft||See also W06-C15D or W06-C15E for commercial or military specific hovercraft respectively.|
W06-C15U|Current|(2014-    )|Unmanned vessels|||
W06-C15X|Current|(2006-    )|Other marine craft types||Includes amphibious vessels and swamp boats. Includes marine vessels not already provided for.|
W06-T|Current|(2008-    )|Other transportation systems||Includes all aspects of teleportation and time travel.|Time machine, space-time, theoretical
W07|Current||Electrical Military Equipment and Weapons||Includes all electrical aspects of firearms used for military, law enforcement, hunting and sports purposes. See also W04-X01 codes for sports equipment per se. Electrical aspects of paintball guns are included in W04-X01E only. For nail guns see X25-A03D instead.|
W07-A|Current||Missile guidance, navigation and propulsion control||See T06-B01B for target-seeking control in general, and T01-J07D for data processing aspects.|Projectile/shell/torpedo target seeking, heat seeking, radar guidance, image/pattern recognition, aerials, radomes, sensors, optomechanical scanning, remote guidance by radio/light/wire/ optical fibre
W07-A01|Current|(1992-    )|Guidance and target seeking system||From 1997 propulsion control is covered by W07-A01G code.|
W07-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Navigational aspects||Covers position determination without reference to target, e.g. by dead reckoning, use of GPS (also coded in W06-A03A5), star recognition etc.|
W07-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Target-seeking system||Includes heat-seeking and radar (or analagous). Use with W07-A01E1 for laser tracking. Also see W06-A codes for target tracking.|Target seeking, tracking, radar, IR, heat
W07-A01C1|Current|(2002-    )|Laser targeting||Includes use of laser to mark target so that missile can home in on target using reflected light. Use of laser beam containing positional information about target, see W07-A01E1 only.|Laser marking, laser pointing, target designation
W07-A01E|Current|(1992-    )|Remotely guided||Covers control by e.g. ground based operator. Remote control aspects are also coded in W05-D codes.|
W07-A01E1|Current|(1992-    )|By non-wire links||Includes radio and free-space optical systems.|Beam-rider
W07-A01E3|Current|(1992-    )|By electric cable or optical fibre||See also appropriate codes in V07 for fibre-optic aspects, e.g. V07-H codes.|Reel, dispense, pay-out, tension, control
W07-A01G|Current|(1997-    )|Propulsion control||Prior to 1997 propulsion control was coded in W07-A01.|
W07-A01H|Current|(2002-    )|Missile stability/flight control||Includes control of fins e.g. to stabilise missile flight, control missile rotation or act as air brake to control missile range. For course correction see other W07-A01 codes.|
W07-A03|Current|(1992-    )|Details of sensing systems per se||Includes on-board sensors normally associated with navigation/targetting. Codes in this section are used with W07-A01 codes or alone as appropriate.|
W07-A03A|Current|(1992-    )|Antennas||Includes antenna on-board missile and not ground based antennae. Radomes are covered by W07-A03D. For full details of radio antennae see W02-B codes.|
W07-A03B|Current|(1992-    )|Optical sensors and elements||Includes optical detectors, lenses, filters, video cameras, etc. For solid-state sensor details see appropriate codes in U12, U13, or U14. Video cameras are also coded in W04.|
W07-A03D|Current|(1992-    )|Radomes, protective enclosures||Includes covers transparent to RF and also optical range, e.g. IR.|
W07-B|Current||Weapon sights; aiming||Includes mountings e.g. for fixing flashlight to barrel of rifle. See also X26 for torch per se.|Laser range finding
W07-B01|Current|(1992-    )|Weapon sights|||Illuminated sights, image processing, laser sighting
W07-B05|Current|(1992-    )|Weapon aiming systems||Includes electrical systems for correcting weapon aim. Also includes electrical aspects of munitions such as rearward facing LED for tracer bullet used to covertly illuminate bullet trajectory to enable aim adjustment.|Aiming control, correction, compensation
W07-C|Current||Fuzes, arming|||Detonate, mine, charge, explosive, missile
W07-C01|Current|(1992-    )|Fuzes||Fuzes for non-military application, e.g. blasting, are coded in X25-D codes. Includes detonator elements per se.|
W07-C03|Current|(1992-    )|Fuze actuation system||The codes in this section relate to the actual means of actuating the fuze.|Ignition, impact switch
W07-C03A|Current|(1992-    )|Responsive to sensed vibration||Includes 'seismic' detection system for e.g. landmine.|
W07-C03C|Current|(1992-    )|Responsive to sensed proximity||Includes proximity fuzes working by e.g. radar or analogous system, also assigned W06-A codes as appropriate.|
W07-C03E|Current|(1992-    )|Time delay actuation||Electronic time delay circuits are also coded in U21-B02A codes.|
W07-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Arming systems||Covers electrical details of arming and disarming systems, including safety/security arrangements.|Safing
W07-D|Current|(1983-    )|Training equipment|W07-X|Training equipment in general is coded in W04-W codes. Simulators for aircraft are coded in W06-B04, for ships in W06-C04.|
W07-D01|Current|(1992-    )|Target practice systems|||
W07-D05|Current|(1992-    )|Simulation systems|||
W07-E|Current|(1992-    )|Electrically operated weapons|W07-X||
W07-E01|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical firing||Includes electrically activated trigger for hand gun, or electric actuation of firing charge.|
W07-E05|Current|(1992-    )|Weapon launching systems|||Rocket, grenade, launcher
W07-E05A|Current|(1992-    )|With electrical propulsion||Includes rail guns, also coded as electrical machines in X11, e.g. X11-H09.|
W07-E06|Current|(2007-    )|Munitions||Includes electrical aspects of munitions such as projectiles, bullets, missiles, grenades that can not be coded elsewhere. Also see K03-A codes for physical and mechanical aspects of explosives and ammunition. Includes e.g. arrangements for electronic interrogation and identification of artillery projectiles inside gun before firing.|
W07-E07|Current|(2002-    )|Laser weapons||See V08 for novel laser details.|
W07-E08|Current|(2005-    )|Non-lethal electric weapons||Includes stun guns and electrical aspects of other non-lethal weapons. Also see W07-F codes for self-defence systems. Also includes electromagnetic weapons or EMP (electromagnetic pulse) weapons for disabling electronic circuitry in hostile weapons systems or degrading explosives.|
W07-E09|Current|(2002-    )|Other electrically operated weapons|||
W07-F|Current|(1992-    )|Protection for weapons, personnel or equipment|W07-X|Includes camouflage aspects. For radar signature modification search with W06-A04X.|
W07-F01|Current|(1992-    )|Protection for personnel||Includes fingerprint recognition e.g. for hand gun.|
W07-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Self defence equipment||Includes analogous system for use by e.g. law enforcement officer. Includes e.g. electrical aspects of mace/pepper spray or e.g. combined flashlight/spray. Anti-mugging alarms are coded in W05-B01D.|
W07-F01B|Current|(2012-    )|Military specific clothing||Includes clothing, shoes and helmets with electrical content specifically for use by military personnel. Also see X27-A02B1 codes.|Wearables
W07-F03|Current|(1992-    )|Protection for weapons or equipment||Includes launching of countermeasures to protect aircraft from seeker missile or use of laser to confuse IR sensor on hostile missile. See also W06-A04E1 codes and W06-A06C8 respectively for radar and lidar jamming and countermeasures.|Decoy, flare, anti-radar chaff, jamming, stealth
W07-F04|Current|(2002-    )|Early warning systems||Includes early detection of incoming missiles, and e.g. remote controlled unmanned vehicles for gathering front line video reconnaissance information about enemy forces. See also W02-F01 codes for CCTV aspects.|UAV, unmanned aerial vehicle, MAV, micro aerial vehicle, drone, autonomous
W07-F05|Old|(1992-2010)|Mine sweeping||Includes all aspects of explosives detection and making safe. Includes detection of roadside improvised explosive devices and mine or depthcharge detection and clearing. See W06-C01 codes for on-board ship aspects. Degaussing is covered by V02-D, W07-F03, and W06-C09. See S03 codes for novel sensing arrangements per se.|
W07-F05|Current|(2011-    )|Mine sweeping; weapon/bomb detection||From 2011 this code has been expanded to include all aspects of explosives and weapons detection, as well as systems for making explosives safe or clearing mines or depthcharges. See W06-C01 codes for on-board ship aspects. Degaussing is covered by V02-D,|
W07-F05A|Current|(2011-    )|Mine sweeping; bomb detection||Includes all aspects of explosives detection and making safe. Includes detection of roadside improvised explosive devices or mine or depthcharge detection and clearing. See W06-C01 codes for on-board ship aspects. Degaussing is covered by V02-D, W07-F03 and W06-C09. See S03 codes for novel sensing arrangements per se.|
W07-F05C|Current|(2011-    )|Weapon detection||Includes detecting the presence of weapons e.g. during security check at an airport (see also W06-B02A codes), school, hospital etc. See S03 codes for e.g. X-ray sensing per se.|
W07-G|Old|(1992-2009)|Night vision equipment||This code is used for all night vision applications. See also V05 for image intensifier tube aspects.|
W07-G|Current|(2010-    )|Assisted/night vision equipment||From 2010 this code has been expanded to include all assisted vision systems as well as all night vision applications. See also V05 for image intensifier tube aspects. This code can be applied for vision enhancement systems such as daytime image enhancement and thermal or IR imaging (see also W04-M01E codes for thermal imaging camera details per se).|
W07-G01|Current|(1992-    )|Goggles|||
W07-H|Old|(1992-2012)|Military equipment testing||Includes evaluation of weapons and weapon systems, measurement of muzzle or projectile velocity, etc. See also appropriate codes in e.g. S02 or S03 depending on the nature of the test involved.|
W07-H|Current|(2013-    )|Military equipment testing, inspection and measurement||Includes evaluation of weapons and weapon systems, measurement of muzzle or projectile velocity, military equipment/installation inspection, etc. See also appropriate codes in e.g. S02 or S03 depending on the nature of test involved. See W07-A03 codes for on-board munitions measuring/sensing systems.|
W07-J|Current|(1992-    )|General aspects of military electrical equipment|||
W07-J01|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical installations, cables, connectors||See V04 and X12 codes for full details of cables, connectors, and electrical fittings.|
W07-J03|Current|(1992-    )|Power generation and distribution||Includes generators, battery power supplies, fuel cells and batteries per se, etc. See also U24, X12, and X16 codes as appropriate.|
W07-J05|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical equipment constructional details||See V04-S and V04-T codes also for casings and constructional details of electrical equipment in general.|
W07-J07|Current|(2011-    )|Manufacture of military equipment||Includes all manufacturing aspects of weapons and equipment.|
W07-J09|Current|(1992-    )|Other military electrical equipment details|||
W07-X|Current||Military equipment - other||Includes equipment and systems with specific military application not covered elsewhere.|
W07-X01|Current|(2002-    )|Military vehicle systems||Includes electric equipment specifically for military vehicle. See also X22 if the electrical aspect relates to normal vehicle operation, e.g. ignition system, lighting, steering, braking.|Tank, personnel carrier
W07-X03|Current|(2007-    )|Battlefield/warfare communications||Includes all communications equipment (but not radar - see W06-A codes instead) with specific military application. Includes all aspects of communications between troops on the battlefield and between troops and command centre. See also W01/W02 for telephone/radio communications per se.|
W07-X05|Current|(2012-    )|Military equipment management/maintenance||Includes management and tracking of military assets.|Inventory, tracking, record keeping, servicing
W07-X07|Current|(2007-    )|Soldier aids||Includes robotic exoskeletons to assist infantry in carrying heavy loads, and robotic "mules" (see also X25-F05A codes) controlled by soldier to carry military equipment or weapons.|
X11|Current||Power generation and high power machines|||
X11-A|Current||Steam turbine plant|||Coal-fired power plant
X11-A01|Current||Turbines|||Impulse, reaction
X11-A01A|Current||Rotors|||Shaft, groove
X11-A01A1|Current||Blades||Includes constructional details, including materials, of blades per se. Constructional details of rotors other than blades are coded under X11-A01A2.|
X11-A01A2|Current||Materials and mounting||Includes constructional details, including materials, of rotors, excluding constructional details of blades (which are coded under X11-A01A1). Also includes anti-vibration arrangements and mountings/supports of rotors, blade carriers, etc.|Antivibration, mounting, blade carrier
X11-A01B|Current||Stators; seals|||Nozzles, blades, fluid guide conduit, sealing fluid
X11-A01C|Current||Cooling; bearings; mountings; casings||Includes details of cooling and de-icing arrangements, anti-vibrations and lubricating arrangements. Also includes details of bearings, mountings and supports, collection of condensation water and drainage. Anti-vibrations arrangements and mountings/supports for rotors (including the blades) are only coded under X11-A01A2.|
X11-A01D|Retired|(    -2010)|Regulation by flow control*||*From 2011 this code is transferred to X11-A10A, but remains searchable for records from 1980-2010.|Valve control
X11-A01E|Retired|(    -2010)|Starting; shutting down*||*From 2011 this code is transferred to X11-A10B, but remains searchable for records from 1980-2010.|Control systems, overspeed protection
X11-A01X|Current||Other turbine details||Includes manufacture.|
X11-A08|Current|(2010-    )|Environmental protection||Includes arrangements for reducing carbon footprint and improving emissions, such as chimney smoke filters and scrubbers for capturing sulphur emissions from coal fired power stations, e.g. carbon capture arrangements.|Flue gas desulphurisation, carbon capture, waste gas scrubbing
X11-A09|Current|(1983-    )|Other plant details||Includes plant layout and electrical aspects of steam generators. Also includes details of power plant boiler, condenser, feedwater pumps.|Coal-conveyor, chimney smoke-filter, steam generator
X11-A10|Current|(2011-    )|Monitoring, operation and control||Includes general monitoring, operation and control details. Also includes testing.|
X11-A10A|Current|(2011-    )|Regulation by flow control|||
X11-A10B|Current|(2011-    )|Starting; shutting down|||
X11-B|Current||Hydroelectric plant||Electric power generation produced from sea power, including wave power and tidal energy, is also coded under X15-C codes.|Hydel
X11-B01|Current||Turbines, pelton wheels, water wheels|||Vanes, buckets, nozzle, blades, rotors, stator, casing
X11-B05|Current|(1997-    )|Mini and micro plants|X11-B09||Run-of-river, streams
X11-B06|Current|(1997-    )|Pumped storage plant|X11-B09||
X11-B09|Current||Other details||Includes details of osmotic power or salinity gradient power (also covered by X15-C). From 2005, tidal flow base electric power generation is covered by X15-C codes.|
X11-B10|Current|(1997-    )|Monitoring, operation and control|X11-B09||
X11-C|Current||Gas turbine, IC engine, combined cycle and cogeneration plants; other plants||For aircraft and ships see W06-B and W06-C codes, respectively.|
X11-C01|Current|(1997-    )|Gas turbine plant||Includes electrical details of gas turbines and external combustion engines used for electric power generation.|
X11-C02|Current|(1997-    )|IC engine plant|X11-C|Includes electrical details of IC engine power plant.|
X11-C03|Current|(1997-    )|Combined cycle plant|X11-A09, X11-C|Includes electric power generation by combinations of gas turbine and steam turbine cycles, as well as gas and/or steam turbine cycles operating in combination with fuel cells, solar systems or any other power generation equipment. Electric power generation using combinations of fossil and non-fossil fuel sources are also coded under X15-J. Details of fuel cells are covered by X16-C codes, and solar systems and other systems using non-fossil fuel sources are covered by X15 codes.|Hybrid
X11-C04|Current|(1997-    )|Cogeneration Plant||Includes combined heat and electric power generation. Combined heat and electric power generation using non fossil fuel sources are coded under X15-K.|CHP
X11-C05|Current|(2007-    )|Rankine cycle plant||Involves the generation of electricity by heat-evaporation of a working fluid that drives a turbine. For water/steam working fluids, see X11-A01 codes. Heat input sources include waste heat, solar (see also X15-A codes), etc.|
X11-C08|Current|(2010-    )|Environmental protection||Includes arrangements for reducing carbon footprint and improving emissions, e.g. catalytic converters for exhaust gases.|Catalytic converter
X11-C10|Current|(1997-    )|Monitoring, operation and control|||
X11-C15|Current|(2002-    )|Microturbine plant||Note: Small machines are in V06.|
X11-D|Current||Synchronous machines||See also X11-H02B for details of linear synchronous motors.|Generator, motor, alternator
X11-D01|Current|(1992-    )|Salient-pole rotor|||
X11-D02|Current|(1992-    )|Cylindrical rotor|||
X11-D03|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary exciter|||
X11-D03A|Current|(1992-    )|Brushless exciter|||Rotary rectifier
X11-D04|Current|(1992-    )|Static exciter|||Static rectifier
X11-D05|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid synchronous machines|X11-D|Includes combined permanent magnet and wound rotor type synchronous machines.|
X11-E|Current||Asynchronous induction machines||See also X11-H02A for details of linear induction motors.|
X11-E01|Current|(1987-    )|Wound rotor||Includes slip ring and pole-change winding type motors.|
X11-E05|Current|(1997-    )|Induction generator|X11-E||Inductor alternator
X11-F|Current||Dc mechanical-commutator and universal machines|||Motors, generators, series-, shunt-, compound-excitation
X11-G|Current||Permanent magnet synchronous machines|||Motors, generators
X11-G01|Current|(2008-    )|Interior permanent magnet|||
X11-H|Current||Electric machines - other|||
X11-H01|Current||Non-mechanical-commutator machines||Includes both AC/DC brushless motors. |Electronically-commutated, brushless
X11-H01A|Current|(1997-    )|Permanent magnet|X11-H01||PM AC/DC brushless
X11-H01B|Current|(1997-    )|Switched reluctance|X11-H01||SR AC/DC brushless
X11-H01C|Current|(1997-    )|Sensorless|X11-H01||BEMF
X11-H02|Current||Linear, sectional and rolling motors|||
X11-H02A|Current|(1997-    )|Asynchronous|X11-H02|See X11-E for details of non-linear induction motors. |Induction, LIM, AC
X11-H02B|Current|(1997-    )|Synchronous|X11-H02|See X11-D for details of non-linear synchronous motors. |LSM, AC
X11-H02C|Current|(1997-    )|Direct current|X11-H02||DC
X11-H03|Current||Clutches, brakes, gears; MHD generators and electrodynamic pumps|||
X11-H03A|Current|(1987-    )|Clutches, brakes, gears||This code covers electrodynamic type devices only. Electric or magnetic clutches, brakes and gears are in X25-L02.|
X11-H03B|Current|(1987-    )|MHD generators and electrodynamic pumps||Includes details of electromagnetic pumps for high/medium power applications. Electromagnetic pumps for low power applications are coded under V06-M06K. |
X11-H03B1|Current|(1997-    )|MHD generators|X11-H03B||
X11-H04|Current||Non-dynamo-electric machines||Includes electrostatic generators, motors, clutches or holding devices and thermal effect motors.|
X11-H05|Current|(1987-    )|Superconducting machines|X11-H09|See X12-D06 for superconductors per se.|Cryogenic, heat insulation
X11-H09|Current||Other electric machines||Includes more than one rotor or stator-, DC interrupter-, AC mechanical commutator-, perpetual motion dynamoelectric- and acyclic-machines, and dynamoelectric converters, etc.|Torque motors, Schrage motors, motor-generator sets, amplidynes, metadynes
X11-H20|Current|(2002-    )|Starter-generator/motor-generator|||
X11-J|Current||Constructional details of electric machines||This code is used either alone or in conjunction with the different types of machines listed above. Magnetic materials are in V02-A02.|
X11-J01|Current||Magnetic circuits|||
X11-J01A|Current||Stationary parts||Includes means for mounting magnetic stationary parts to stator structure.|Slots, magnetic poles, cores, laminations, magnetic wedges, magnets, tooth, yokes
X11-J01B|Current||Rotating parts||Includes spider to mount or fasten magnetic part to rotor structure.|Cores, slots, magnets, magnetic poles laminations, magnetic wedges, tooth, yokes
X11-J01X|Current||Other magnetic circuits|||
X11-J02|Current||Windings|||
X11-J02A|Old|(1980-2012)|Conductor shape, form or construction||Includes twisted- or hollow-conductors; provision of cooling fluid ducts.|Coils, double-layer, strip or rectangular section
X11-J02A|Current|(2013-    )|Conductor shape, form, construction or layout||Includes twisted- or hollow-conductors; provision of cooling fluid ducts.|Coils, double-layer, strip or rectangular section
X11-J02B|Current||Insulation; shielding; protection||Includes coil-, slot-insulation and materials, preventing or reducing eddy current losses, protecting against moisture or chemicals.|Corona protection
X11-J02C|Current||Fastening windings||Includes wedges, end turn ties.|
X11-J02X|Old|(1980-2012)|Other windings (including layout)|||
X11-J02X|Current|(2013-    )|Other winding details||From 2013, details of windings layout are coded under X11-J02A.|
X11-J03|Current||Current collection arrangements||Includes commutators, slip-rings, brushes and their connections to windings, commutation improving arrangements (see also V04-L01).|Commutator segments
X11-J04|Current||Association with electric components||Includes devices for measuring or protecting machine, resistors, switches or RFI suppressor (see W02-H also), etc.|Direction/rotation detectors
X11-J05|Current||Mechanical energy handling arrangements (structural association with)|||
X11-J05A|Current||Clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys, mechanical starters|||
X11-J05B|Current||Mechanical loads, driving or auxiliary machines|||
X11-J05X|Current||Other mechanical energy handling arrangements|||Bearings, flywheels, balancing, shaft
X11-J06|Current||Cooling or ventilating systems|||
X11-J06A|Current||Using liquid or solid cooling medium||Includes cryogenic coolers.|
X11-J06X|Current||Other cooling or ventilating systems||Includes ambient air flow through the machine and use of fans.|Hydrogen cooling
X11-J07|Current||Casings, enclosures, supports|||
X11-J07A|Current||Supporting brushes or bearings||Includes bearing shield mounting arrangement or end shield.|
X11-J07X|Current||Other casings, enclosures, supports||Includes casings, enclosures, seals, ribs or fins to improve heat dissipation, noise/vibration reduction.|machine mountings, housings, explosion-proofing, vibration-damping
X11-J07X1|Current|(2002-    )|Connectors; terminal boxes|||
X11-J08|Current||Manufacture, testing, repair and maintenance||See S01-G07 also for electrical tests.|
X11-J08A|Current||Stator/rotor bodies; commutators; brushes; slip-rings||Includes brush wear indicator. (See also V04-P02 for general commutators, brushes etc.).|Cores, laminating, slotting, magnetic poles, magnetic circuits, casting, moulding
X11-J08B|Current||Of windings||Includes direct winding of stator/rotor coils and laying of pre-wound coils.|Winding jigs, inserting wires, conductor bending, coiling
X11-J08C|Current||Insulating, impregnating, centring, balancing||Includes insulating of windings or core laminations and heating or drying of windings, rotors or machines.|Taping
X11-J08M|Current|(1997-    )|Testing, repair and maintenance|X11-J08|Includes analysis, diagnosis, monitoring, fault detection.|
X11-J08P|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by use of microprocessors|X11-J08||
X11-J08X|Current||Other manufacture, testing, repair and maintenance|||Castings, enclosures, supports, end shields, bearings
X11-J15|Current|(2002-    )|Materials|||
X11-J15A|Current|(2002-    )|Conductive materials||Includes details of materials for thermal or electrical conduction.|
X11-J15B|Current|(2002-    )|Magnetic materials|||
X11-J15C|Current|(2002-    )|Insulative materials||Includes details of materials for thermal or electrical insulation.|
X11-U|Current|(1997-    )|Electric machines characterised by applications||These codes are used in conjunction with other X11 codes as appropriate.|
X11-U01|Current|(1997-    )|Electric power generation|||
X11-U01A|Current|(1997-    )|Steam turbine generator||See X11-A codes for details of steam turbine plants, and X11-J codes for constructional details.|
X11-U01B|Current|(1997-    )|Hydrogenerator|||
X11-U01C|Current|(1997-    )|Gas turbine generator||See X11-C01 for details of gas turbine generator, and X11-J codes for constructional details.|
X11-U01D|Current|(1997-    )|IC engine generator||See X11-C02 for details of IC engine plant, and X11-J codes for constructional details.|
X11-U01E|Current|(1997-    )|Wind turbine generator||See X15-B codes for details of wind power generation, and X11-J codes for constructional details of generator.|
X11-U01M|Current|(2002-    )|Microturbine generator||See X11-C15 for details of microturbine plants, and X11-J codes for constructional details.|
X11-U02|Current|(1997-    )|Road vehicles|||
X11-U03|Current|(1997-    )|Railways|||
X11-U04|Current|(1997-    )|Aviation and aerospace|||
X11-U05|Current|(1997-    )|Ships and boats|||
X11-U06|Current|(1997-    )|Military|||
X11-U07|Current|(1997-    )|Industrial machines|||
X12|Current||Power distribution/components/converters|||
X12-A|Current||Power resistors||Covers all high power resistors e.g. for lightning arrestors, electric motor loading, etc. Low power resistors are in V01-A.|Voltage-, surge-arrestors, varistors, varistor stack
X12-B|Current||Power capacitors||Includes capacitors generally of the type used for power factor improvement, transmission/distribution reactance compensation, super- or double layer-types for e.g. electric vehicle (see also X21-B04). Low power capacitors are in V01-B. V01-B codes can also be assigned in conjunction with X12-B to highlight the type and novel aspect of the power capacitor. See also X16-L02 for capacitive energy storage in general.|CVT, capacitor bank, ultra-capacitor
X12-C|Current||Power transformers, reactors|||
X12-C01|Current||Cores, coils, connections, bushings and terminals; manufacture|||
X12-C01A|Current|(1987-    )|Cores||Includes magnetic circuit for transformer or reactor e.g. laminations, cores made from strips or sheets, yokes.|Core clamping plates, amorphous cores
X12-C01B|Current|(1987-    )|Coils, windings, connections|||Foil windings, insulation spacers, conductors, disc-, poloidal-, spiral-, toroidal-coils
X12-C01B1|Current|(1987-    )|For reactor|||
X12-C01B2|Current|(1987-    )|For transformer|||
X12-C01B2A|Current|(2002-    )|Using cables as windings|||
X12-C01C|Current|(1987-    )|Bushings and terminals|||Glands, grommets, bulk heads
X12-C01D|Current|(1987-    )|Manufacture; maintenance||Includes methods and apparatus.|
X12-C01D1|Current|(1992-    )|Cores|||
X12-C01D2|Current|(1992-    )|Coils|||
X12-C01D3|Current|(1992-    )|Testing|||
X12-C01D4|Current|(1992-    )|Superconducting coils, magnets|||
X12-C01D5|Current|(1992-    )|Bushings and terminals|||
X12-C01D6|Current|(1992-    )|Casing||Also includes transportation packaging.|
X12-C01D7|Current|(2002-    )|Maintenance|X12-C09|Includes all aspects of repairs and maintenance, e.g. oil change, polychlorinated biphenyl disposal (see also X12-E02A).|
X12-C01E|Current|(1992-    )|Power and distribution transformers|X12-C, X12-C01|Also includes transformers for welding, electric furnaces, transmission lines, etc.|
X12-C01F|Current|(1992-    )|Power reactors|X12-C, X12-C01|Also includes short circuit current limiting-, saturable- reactors.|
X12-C01G|Current|(1992-    )|Instrument transformers|X12-C, X12-C01|Includes voltage and current transformers. For capacitve voltage transformers see X12-B. For electrical instrumentation see S01-D01 codes.|CT, PT, VT, IT
X12-C01H|Current|(2005-    )|Induction heating coils||See also X25-B02A codes.|
X12-C01X|Current|(1992-    )|Transformer/reactor aspects - other||Includes other details of transformer or reactor not covered elsewhere.|
X12-C02|Current||Cooling, fault detection, control and tap changing|||
X12-C02A|Current|(1987-    )|Cooling||Includes fans, gas cooling, evaporative cooling.|Cooling channels or ducts, heat pipes
X12-C02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Oil-cooling||Includes conservators, expansion chambers.|
X12-C02A2|Current|(1987-    )|Water cooling|||
X12-C02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Superconducting device/equipment cooling||Includes all superconducting-related cooling aspects.|
X12-C02A3A|Current|(2005-    )|Cryostats|||Cryogens, cryogenics
X12-C02A3C|Current|(2005-    )|Other||Includes, for example, thermoelectric cooling.|
X12-C02B|Current|(1987-    )|Fault detection, monitoring, control||Constructional details of controllers are also included here. Includes for example moving a slider along a winding, etc to vary the output.|
X12-C02B1|Current|(1987-    )|Tap changing|||Tap switches, no-load-, on-load-tap changer
X12-C03|Current|(1987-    )|Casing, mounting, supporting or suspending transformers or reactors|X12-C09|Also includes noise/vibration reduction.|Tanks, containers, noise damper
X12-C04|Current|(1987-    )|Preventing or reducing unwanted electric/magnetic effects|X12-C09|Includes electric or magnetic screens or shields, using auxiliary coils or cores.|
X12-C05|Current|(1987-    )|Superconducting coil|X12-C01, X12-C09|Includes coil for transformer or reactor. See X12-D06 for superconductors per se.|
X12-C05A|Current|(1987-    )|For magnets|X12-C09||
X12-C06|Current|(1992-    )|High power or large (electro) magnets|X12-C09|Includes magnets of the types typically used e.g. for lifting device (see X25-F05 also), accelerators (see X14-G also), etc.|
X12-C09|Current||General transformer/reactor details - other||Includes oil cleaners, pressure relief, etc.|Corrosion protection, structural association with built-in electric component
X12-D|Current||Cables, conductors, conductive materials||Covers high power and low power cables/conductors, fibres and other structures.|
X12-D01|Current||Materials||Superconducting materials are in U14-F01 and X12-D06B.|
X12-D01A|Current||Metals or alloys|||
X12-D01B|Current||Oxides or sulphides|||
X12-D01C|Current||Carbon, silicon, or other nonmetallic material; conductive polymers|||
X12-D01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Conductive polymers|||
X12-D01D|Current|(2005-    )|Nano-materials||Includes conductive materials of small dimensions. This code is used in conjunction with the other X12-D codes as appropriate.|Nanotube, carbon nanotube, single wall nanotube, multiwall nanotube, double wall nanotube, SWNT, DWNT, MWNT
X12-D01E|Current|(2005-    )|Ion/proton conductors||To be used in conjunction with other X12-D codes, as appropriate.|
X12-D01F|Current|(2005-    )|Conductive dispersions||Generally used when a conductive material is within a dispersion.|
X12-D01F1|Current|(2005-    )|Organic vehicle|||
X12-D01F2|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic vehicle|||
X12-D01X|Current||Other materials||Includes conductive materials not covered elsewhere.|
X12-D02|Current||Non-insulated conductors; conductive films and structures|||
X12-D02A|Current||Conductive layers on insulating supports|||
X12-D02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Transparent conductive film or electrodes||See also U14-K01A1 for application to LCDs.|ITO, indium titanium oxide
X12-D02A2|Current|(2005-    )|Anisotropic film||For application to connectors, see V04-A11.|
X12-D02C|Current|(2005-    )|Non-insulated conductors||Includes only aspects of conductive part of wires and cables. For other details, such as sheaths, see X12-D03 codes. For manufacture of non-insulated conductors, per se, or forming part of insulated cables, see X12-D07E.|Conductors, wires, stranded conductors, bundled conductors
X12-D02C1|Current|(2005-    )|High power conductors||Includes conductive part of an insulated wire or cable, non-insulated overhead power line, etc. designed to carry high currents.|
X12-D02C1A|Current|(2005-    )|Bus bars||Bus bars, per se; installations are in X12-G03.|
X12-D02C2|Current|(2005-    )|Low power conductors|X12-D02X, X12-D05|Includes conductive part of an insulated wire or cable or non-insulated wires designed to carry low currents|
X12-D02C2A|Current|(2005-    )|Communication|||
X12-D02C2B|Current|(2005-    )|Audio/video|||
X12-D02C2C|Current|(2005-    )|Control and instrumentation|||
X12-D02C2D|Current|(2005-    )|Conducting nanostructures||Includes nanowires, nanotubes and nanofibres for general use. Specific applications to, for example, battery electrodes are also covered by X16-E codes. For normal size fibres, see X12-D02C2E.|DWNT, SWNT, MWNT, carbon nanotube, CNT
X12-D02C2E|Current|(2005-    )|Fibres||For nanofibres, see X12-D02C2D.|
X12-D02X|Current||Other non-insulated conductors||Includes other conductive structures, such as, within a poorly conductive structure.|
X12-D03|Current||Insulated conductor construction|||
X12-D03A|Current||Flexible, extensible or flat cables|||
X12-D03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Flat or ribbon cables|||
X12-D03A2|Current|(1992-    )|Flexible and extensible cables|||
X12-D03B|Current||Sheaths, armouring; reducing losses; indicating defects|||
X12-D03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Sheaths and armouring|||Jacket
X12-D03B2|Current|(1992-    )|Indicating defects||Includes sensors incorporated within the cable structure to indicate temperature rise, water ingress, etc.|
X12-D03B3|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing losses||Includes arrangements to reduce losses in conductors, sheaths and armourings.|
X12-D03C|Current||Cable markings and heat protection||For flame retardants, see also X12-D03X for records prior to 1992.|
X12-D03C1|Current|(2007-    )|Heat protection||Includes measures for improved heat dissipation, shielding or conduction from cables to, for example, operate within rated thermal limits. Also includes flame retardants.|
X12-D03C1A|Current|(2013-    )|Cooling||Includes all aspects of cable cooling such as cables per se with integral cooling channels, as well as installations for actively cooling cables and conductors.|Heat dissipation, fan, coolant, air cooling, liquid cooling
X12-D03C2|Current|(2007-    )|Cable markings||Includes printed markings, use of different color insulation, integral RF tags (also assigned T04-K and W02-G05 codes), and the like, to provide ratings and identification information and to distinguish wires and cables. Markings for security purposes and for deterring theft are also assigned X12-D10.|
X12-D03D|Current|(1992-    )|Insulation and its disposition, materials|X12-D03X|See also X12-E01, X12-E02 codes.|
X12-D03E|Current|(1992-    )|Screens|X12-D03X|Includes screens to avoid potential gradients, and to reduce interference. Covers both electrostatic and electromagnetic fields' shielding.|
X12-D03F|Retired|(1992-2004)|Composite optical fibre- and electric- cable*|X12-D03X|*This code is now discontinued. It has been transferred to X12-D08 from 2005 but remains searchable for records between 1992 and 2004.|
X12-D03G|Current|(1992-    )|Lubricating layers|X12-D03X||
X12-D03H|Current|(1992-    )|Protection|X12-D03A, X12-D03X|Includes protection against e.g. corrosion, termites, chemical attack, etc. Mechanical protection is in X12-D03B1.|
X12-D03J|Current|(1997-    )|Contact cable|X12-D03A, X12-D03X||Sensor cable
X12-D03K|Current|(1997-    )|Floating and submarine cables|X12-D03A, X12-D03X||
X12-D03L|Current|(1997-    )|Rigid-tube cable|X12-D03A, X12-D03X||
X12-D03M|Current|(2002-    )|Wire harness|X12-D03, X12-D03X|Includes harnesses per se, and is used in conjunction with other X12-D03 codes as appropriate.|
X12-D03N|Current|(2006-    )|Drain wire||Includes the uninsulated wire located beneath, and in contact with, a grounded shield.|
X12-D03P|Current|(2006-    )|Cable strengthening core||Includes, for example, steel wire or core located within cable covering to impart strength.|
X12-D03Q|Current|(2006-    )|Cable-connector combination||Includes a combination of cable and connector where neither is, or both are, novel. See V04-M17 also.|
X12-D03R|Current|(2011-    )|Stranded conductors|||
X12-D03X|Current||Other insulated conductor aspects|||
X12-D04|Old|(1980-2005)|Power cables|||
X12-D04|Current|(2006-    )|High power and low power cables|||
X12-D04A|Current|(2006-    )|High power cable||Includes cables carrying power beyond the level of 110/220V mains. Also includes high power DC cables.|
X12-D04C|Current|(2006-    )|Low power cable||Includes cables carrying power up to and below the level of 110/220V mains. Also includes low power DC cables.|
X12-D05|Current||Communication cables or conductors||Conductive parts of cables are covered by X12-D02C codes. Other details are covered by X12-D03 codes. The codes in this subsection are used in conjunction with each other as appropriate. For example, a coaxial, RF communication cable would be coded in X12-D05A, X12-D05J and X12-D05M. A loudspeaker cable would be coded in X12-D05B and X12-D05K.|
X12-D05A|Current|(2005-    )|Communication|||
X12-D05B|Current|(2005-    )|Audio/video|||
X12-D05C|Current|(2005-    )|Control and instrumentation|||
X12-D05J|Current|(2005-    )|HF|||
X12-D05K|Current|(2005-    )|LF|||
X12-D05L|Current|(2005-    )|High speed data|||
X12-D05M|Current|(2005-    )|Coaxial|||
X12-D05N|Current|(2005-    )|Twisted pair||Includes twisted pairs of both shielded and unshielded type.|STP, UTP
X12-D06|Current|(1980-    )|Superconducting cable/materials||Superconducting wire and line manufacture is covered by X12-D07E1C. Details of superconducting cables, such as sheaths, are covered by X12-D03 codes. Superconducting machines and reactive components are covered, respectively, in X11 and by X12-C codes.|
X12-D06A|Current|(1992-    )|Cables or lines|||
X12-D06A1|Retired|(1992-2005)|Manufacturing*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to X12-D07 from 2006. It remains searchable for records prior to 2006.|
X12-D06B|Current|(1992-    )|Materials||Includes all aspects of materials (see also U14-F01 codes).|
X12-D06B1|Current|(1992-    )|Metal alloys|||
X12-D06B1A|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacturing and processing|||
X12-D06B2|Current|(1992-    )|Oxide materials|||
X12-D06B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacturing and processing|||
X12-D07|Current||Manufacture, salvaging|||
X12-D07A|Current||Sheathing, armouring, screening, etc.||Also includes impervious material coating.|
X12-D07B|Current||Insulating conductors or cables|||
X12-D07B1|Current||By extrusion, by liquid bath, by spraying|||
X12-D07B9|Current||Other (including winding on tape)|||
X12-D07C|Current|(1992-    )|Stranding-up|X12-D07X||
X12-D07D|Current|(1997-    )|Cable harness manufacture|X12-D07X|See also V04-V02 code.|Wiring harness, wiring loom
X12-D07E|Current|(2002-    )|Non-insulated conductor or conductive part of insulated cable|X12-D02X|Includes manufacture and testing of non-insulated conductors. Other cable testing aspects are covered by X12-D07F.|
X12-D07E1|Current|(2005-    )|High power conductors|||
X12-D07E1A|Current|(2005-    )|Bus bars|||
X12-D07E1C|Current|(2006-    )|Superconducting wire/line|||
X12-D07E2|Current|(2005-    )|Low power conductors|||
X12-D07E2A|Current|(2005-    )|Nano-wires; nanotubes|||
X12-D07E2C|Current|(2005-    )|Fibres|||
X12-D07E3|Current|(2006-    )|Conductive films|||
X12-D07F|Current|(2007-    )|Cable testing||Includes testing of insulated conductors. Testing of non-insulated conductors is covered by X12-D07E codes. See also S01-G14 for electrical tests on wires and cables. For non-electrical tests, see S02 and S03 classes.|
X12-D07X|Current||Other cable manufacturing aspects|||Cable marking machine, cable reels, bobbins, spools, salvaging
X12-D08|Current|(2005-    )|Composite optical fibre- and electric- cable||See also V07-F01B4 for optical fibre cables.|
X12-D09|Current|(2005-    )|Composite power- and signal- cable||Includes cables having a common outer covering that encloses low and high power cables.|
X12-D10|Current|(2014-    )|Cable security||This code includes arrangements for preventing or deterring theft of cables, e.g. due to monetary value of conductor materials, based on features of the cable itself, and not features of fittings or installations which are covered by X12-G11. Other X12-D codes are also assigned as appropriate, such as X12-D01 codes for novelty in conductor materials or X12-D03C2 when markings applied to insulated cables enable identification of them after cable theft. Cables incorporating special features to trigger an alarm indicating attempted theft, e.g. by cutting, are also assigned W05-B01 codes. |Code, compound, etch, jacket, laser, marker, signature, trace, unique
X12-E|Current||Insulators||For insulating materials used in general electronic equipment/device, see also V04-X01B from 1997 onwards. Prior to 1997, see also V04-S02. Materials for general electrical equipment are also coded here.|
X12-E01|Current||Inorganic substances|||
X12-E01A|Current||Ceramics|||
X12-E01B|Current||Mica, asbestos, metallic oxides, cements, gases|||
X12-E01C|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic material within organic vehicle||Includes a mixture where the inorganic material is a major constituent.|
X12-E01D|Current|(2005-    )|Inorganic nanomaterials||Includes insulating materials of small dimensions. This code is used in conjunction with the other X12-E codes as appropriate.|
X12-E01X|Current||Inorganic insulating substances - other||Includes glass.|
X12-E02|Current||Organic substances|||
X12-E02A|Current||Liquids, asphalts, bitumens, pitches, natural rubbers|||
X12-E02B|Current||Resins, waxes, synthetic polymers|||
X12-E02C|Current|(2005-    )|Organic material within an inorganic vehicle||Includes a mixture where the organic material is a major constituent.|
X12-E02D|Current|(2005-    )|Organic nanomaterials||Includes insulating materials of small dimensions. This code is used in conjunction with the other X12-E codes as appropriate.|
X12-E02X|Current||Organic insulating substances - other||Includes gases, fibrous materials, paper.|
X12-E03|Current||Insulators|||
X12-E03A|Current||Suspension-, supporting-, pin-, lead-through insulators|||
X12-E03C|Current|(1997-    )|Insulating bodies|X12-E03A, X12-E03X||
X12-E03C1|Current|(2005-    )|Tapes, sleeves, tubes|||Bead, bobbin
X12-E03C3|Current|(2005-    )|Grommets||See also X12-G04A3 for use of a grommet within an electrical installation.|
X12-E03D|Current|(2005-    )|Insulating nanostructures||Includes nanotubes and nanofibers.|DWNT, SWNT, MWNT, carbon nanotube, CNT
X12-E03X|Current||Other insulators||Includes e.g. measures for improving voltage distribution, composite insulators.|
X12-E04|Current||Manufacture||Also includes electrical and mechanical testing of insulators. See also S01-G codes for electrical tests.|
X12-F|Current||Spark gaps; circuits||Does not include spark plugs which are covered by the relevant codes for the motor, X22-A01E1 for land based vehicle motors and W06-C for water based vehicle motors.|
X12-F01|Current||Spark gaps|||Electrodes, voltage-, surge- or lightning protectors/arrestors
X12-F01A|Current|(1992-    )|Overvoltage protection||Includes arcing horns. See also X13-C03.|
X12-F02|Current||Circuits|||
X12-F03|Current|(1992-    )|Ioniser, ozoniser|X12-F09|See also X27-E01B codes for domestic applications.|
X12-F04|Current|(1992-    )|Corona discharge||Includes rings and pointed electrodes. See S06-A02 codes for copiers.|
X12-F09|Current||Other spark gap aspects||Includes manufacture.|
X12-G|Current||Cable or line installation and maintenance||See W01-D codes for telecommunications cable installation. Low power connectors are in V04.|
X12-G01|Current||Methods and equipment|||
X12-G01A|Current||For installing lines or cables|||Laying cables, cable puller
X12-G01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Overhead installation||Includes transposing of conductors and stringing-up lines and cables etc.|
X12-G01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Underground, building, and water installations|||
X12-G01A7A|Current|(1992-    )|Digging trenches|||
X12-G01A7D|Current|(1992-    )|Installing cables in ducts, ground||Ducts per se are in X12-G04A1.|
X12-G01A7G|Current|(1992-    )|Submarine|||
X12-G01A7J|Current|(1992-    )|Cable marking for circuit identification|||
X12-G01B|Current||For removing cable insulation or armouring||See V04-P03 for electronic circuit application.|Wire stripping
X12-G01C|Current|(1983-    )|Cable and fault locating; cable/line installation measuring/testing|X12-G01X|See S01-G05 also for electrical fault location determination, and S03-C02 codes for cable location by, for example, magnetic fields. Also includes indicators/detectors/recorders for line/cable breaks, lightning strikes, line strain, tripped breaker, etc|
X12-G01D|Current|(1992-    )|Maintenance/repair|X12-G01X|Includes the use of unmanned vehicles, e.g. radio controlled helicopter for inspecting overhead transmission lines (see also W06-B15U), cleaning of insulators, de-icers, etc.|
X12-G01E|Current|(1992-    )|Joining or terminating|X12-G01X|Connections per se are in X12-G02.|Crimping tools
X12-G01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Superconducting wires/cables|X12-G01X||
X12-G01F|Current|(1992-    )|Safety arrangements|X12-G01X|Includes lightning protection, earthing arrangements.|Earth wire, ground wire, earthing grids, lightning-conductors, lightning-rods
X12-G01X|Current||Other cable/line installing aspects|||
X12-G02|Current||Cable or line connectors or fittings||Includes manufacture|
X12-G02A|Current|(1980-    )|Cable or line connectors|||
X12-G02B|Current|(1980-    )|Cable terminations|||End connection, terminals, crimping, ferrules, cable glands
X12-G02C|Current||Cable junctions|||Joints, splices, protective tubes
X12-G02C1|Old|(1992-2013)|Heat-shrinkable covers|||Sleeve
X12-G02C1|Current|(2014-    )|Cold and Heat-shrinkable covers||From 2014 this code is expanded to cover cold-shrinkable covers (previously coded as X12-G02C and now specifically covered by X12-G02C1C) as well as heat-shrinkable covers (now specifically covered by X12-G02C1A).|Sleeve
X12-G02C1A|Current|(2014-    )|Heat-shrinkable covers||This code is intended for insulation sleeves which shrink around a cable junction on application of heat.|Elastomer, heat gun, thermoplastic
X12-G02C1C|Current|(2014-    )|Cold-shrinkable covers||This code is intended for insulation sleeves which shrink around a cable junction without application of heat, e.g. due to pre-stressing of the sleeve material.|Core, elastomer, rubber, support
X12-G02D|Current|(2005-    )|Grounding connector||For low power earthing connectors, see V04-A05.|
X12-G02E|Current|(2005-    )|Sliding connector||Includes, for example, pantograph collectors for a train. Brushes, slip rings for electric motors are covered by V04-L, V06-M and X11-J codes.|
X12-G02F|Current|(2005-    )|Vibration dampers||Includes dampers for an overhead line.|
X12-G02G|Current|(2007-    )|Superconductor cable connector/fitting||High power superconducting cable connectors only are covered here. For low power superconducting wire connector, see V04-A10|
X12-G02X|Current||Other cable/line connectors or fittings||Includes connectors or fittings for gas- or oil-filled cables.|Seals, clamps, cooling
X12-G03|Current||Installations of bus-bars|||Power rail
X12-G04|Current||For buildings, in ground etc.||Vehicle installations from 1992 onwards are coded exclusively in X22-X01. However, individual items like wire or cable clamps or grommets, which are more generally applicable to other installations are also coded here and, if relevant, elsewhere in X12-E or W01-D or X22-X01. Also, floor structures especially designed to carry cabling is included in X12-G04A or X12-G04A1 depending on whether space between floors is left for cables or concrete ducting is incorporated.|
X12-G04A|Current||In, on, or through walls, floors or ceilings, e.g. conduit|||
X12-G04A1|Current|(1992-    )|Ducts, ladders, trays, conduits||Wire harness. Includes manufacture.|
X12-G04A1A|Current|(2007-    )|Rigid|||
X12-G04A1C|Current|(2007-    )|Flexible|||
X12-G04A1E|Current|(2007-    )|Fittings||Includes fittings for joining two ducts and ducts and distribution boxes, etc|
X12-G04A2|Current|(1992-    )|Clamps||Includes cable ties and manufacture of clamps and ties. Cable ties for low-power cables used in e.g. electronic equipment are covered by V04-T01A.|
X12-G04A3|Current|(1992-    )|Grommets, bushings||Includes arrangements for leading cables through walls. Includes manufacture.|
X12-G04B|Current||Distribution and junction boxes||Ceiling roses and junction boxes are also coded in V04-B09, provided they are of low voltage and low power types. Distribution boxes are also in X13-E02 for industrial switchgear.|
X12-G05|Current||Overhead installations|||Supports, suspensions, reinforced towers, pylons
X12-G08|Current|(1992-    )|Cable or line for supplying relatively movable parts|X12-G09||
X12-G09|Current|(1980-    )|Other general cable/line installation aspects||Includes labels, signs and tapes warning of e.g. high voltage cable installations, or the presence of cables within a wall or below ground for which X12-G04A codes are also assigned.|Cable drums, reels
X12-G10|Current|(2007-    )|Cable dispensing reel||Includes details of automatic cord winders for headsets.|Drum
X12-G11|Current|(2014-    )|Cable or line installation security||This code includes arrangements for preventing or deterring theft of cables, e.g. due to monetary value of conductor materials, based on features of fittings or installations and not features (e.g. markings) of the cable itself which are covered by X12-D10. Other X12-G codes are also assigned as appropriate, such as X12-G04 codes for underground cable installations. Installations incorporating special features to trigger an alarm indicating attempted theft are also assigned W05-B01 codes. |
X12-H|Current||Power supply or distribution||For installations and constructional details of sub-stations see X12-G and X13-E codes, respectively. Note: X13-E is used for constructional details only of switchyards, switchboards etc. X12-H is used for all aspects of load monitoring, control, fault diagnosis, etc.|
X12-H01|Current||Circuit arrangements for supply or distribution|||
X12-H01A|Current||Adjusting, compensating, balancing|||Power control
X12-H01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Voltage control|||
X12-H01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|By load shedding|||
X12-H01A1C|Current|(1992-    )|By reactive power control|||
X12-H01A1E|Current|(2006-    )|Voltage control by using tap changing transformer||See X12-C02B1 for tap changers per se.|
X12-H01A2|Old|(1992-2010)|Reactive power compensation|||Power factor controller, PFC, VAR compensation
X12-H01A2|Current|(2011-    )|(Re)active power compensation||From 2011 this code will cover both active and reactive compensation types.|Power factor controller, PFC, VAR compensation
X12-H01A2A|Current|(1992-    )|On transmission/distribution side|||
X12-H01A2B|Current|(1992-    )|On load side|||
X12-H01A2C|Current|(2002-    )|Compensation implemented by series capacitors and shunt reactors||Also includes series/parallel capacitor banks, and synchronous capacitors. This code is used in conjunction with X12-H01A2A or X12-H01A2B whenever possible.|Saturable reactor, synchronous compensator, shunt capacitor
X12-H01A2D|Current|(2002-    )|Static VAR compensation||Includes compensation obtained by the use of capacitors and reactors, respectively, to generate and absorb vars with at least one of them being variable. The variable capacitor or reactor may involve the use of, respectively, thyristor-switched capacitor compensator or thyristor-controlled reactor compensator. This code is used in conjunction with X12-H01A2A or X12-H01A2B whenever possible.|SVC, TCR, TSC
X12-H01A2E|Current|(2006-    )|Power converter||Involves the use of static converters to compensate for system reactance. See also X12-J for converters.|
X12-H01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Short circuit current or in-rush current limiter and over voltage limiter||Includes the use of series reactors/superconducting coils (see also X12-C codes), etc. Applicable only to power lines.|
X12-H01A4|Current|(1992-    )|Harmonics and ripple reduction||Filters in general are covered by U25-E codes. The use of this code is restricted for power lines. Filtering in converter systems is covered by X12-J01E. Also includes suppression of electromagnetic interference for which W02-H codes are also assigned.|
X12-H01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing or preventing power oscillations|||
X12-H01A6|Current|(1992-    )|Eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks|||
X12-H01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Balancing network load by energy storage|X12-H01A, X12-H09|For general storage of electric energy, see X12-H06. This code involves the use of e.g. flywheels, batteries, pumped storage hydroelectric plants (see X11-B06, too).|
X12-H01A8|Current|(2006-    )|Frequency regulation|||
X12-H01A9|Current|(2006-    )|Load shedding||Includes load shedding to maintain the balance between generated power and load demand. Also includes shedding to regulate system frequency (see also X12-H01A8). For load shedding to regulate voltage, see X12-H01A1A.|
X12-H01B|Current||Multisource systems, system inter-connections, power transfer|||Generator synchronising, load sharing
X12-H01B1|Current|(1997-    )|Distributed power generation system|X12-H01B|Includes connection to the utility mains of geographically-distributed solar power, wind power, fuel cell power, gas microturbines, etc. See also U24-J or X12-J codes for power converter details.|
X12-H01B2|Current|(2005-    )|Bulk power transfer/interconnection||Includes arrangements for feeding in parallel a single network by two or more generators, converters, or transformers and also controlling the sharing of output among them.|
X12-H01B2A|Current|(2008-    )|Synchronising generator(s) with network||Includes arrangements to synchronise frequency and phase sequence.|
X12-H01B3|Current|(2005-    )|Interconnection of networks operating at different frequencies|||
X12-H01B4|Current|(2005-    )|Aircraft and ships||See also W06-B/C codes.|
X12-H01B5|Current|(2006-    )|Electric traction vehicles||Includes high level power distribution system onboard a train, tram, electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle. Generally applicable to voltage buses in excess of 42V. Also includes on-board charging and charging control of vehicles. IC engine-driven vehicle systems are covered by U24-H and X22-F codes.|
X12-H01C|Current|(1992-    )|High power supply|X12-H01X, X12-J|Includes supplies for e.g. welding, induction heaters, etc. Static converters and their controllers are covered by X12-J and X13-G03 codes.|
X12-H01D|Current|(1992-    )|HVDC, DC systems|X12-H01X||Converter stations, rectifiers, inverters
X12-H01E|Current|(2007-    )|Non-contact power distribution||Low power non-contact power distribution is coded in U24-H02|
X12-H01X|Current||Other including unspecified systems||Also includes distribution of energy by electromagnetic waves (see X12-H09 for records prior to 1992).|
X12-H02|Current||Emergency or auxiliary supplies||Low power UPS systems are in U24-J.|Standby supplies
X12-H02A|Current|(1992-    )|Diesel-generator rotary ups|||
X12-H02B|Current|(1992-    )|Static ups|||
X12-H02C|Current|(1992-    )|Rotary ups|||
X12-H03|Current|(1983-    )|Remote control and monitoring; power system communications|X12-H09||
X12-H03A|Current|(1992-    )|Remote control and monitoring||Includes network state monitoring, breaker tripping, relay/breaker tripping display. Also includes supervisory display of various system parameters. Constructional details of supervisory desks are in X13-E01. See also W05-D codes for transmission systems for measurement or control signals.|Remote load switching, mains-based switching
X12-H03A1|Current|(2005-    )|Economics-driven inter-tie or multi-source control||Includes control of network power transfer based on generation costs and tariffs offered for buying and selling of energy. Also includes provision for considering pollution-related costs and setting off of pollution credits. See also X12-H07 and T01-J codes.|
X12-H03A3|Current|(2007-    )|Switching control for equipment connected to mains supply||Includes remotely generated signals to switch domestic equipment, e.g. air conditioner, fridge etc., on and off. For load shedding-related switching see X12-H01A codes. See also W05-D codes.|
X12-H03E|Current|(1992-    )|Power systems communications||Includes e.g. power line carrier communications (PLCC) (see W02-C01A), mains-based load control signalling. Also includes pilot relaying (see X13-C01 codes).|
X12-H03E1|Current|(2005-    )|High power transmission/distribution networks||Typically includes communication/control signals sent over high power lines.|
X12-H03E1A|Current|(2005-    )|Economics-driven inter-tie or multi-source communication||Includes control of network communication based on tariffs offered for buying and selling of energy. See also X12-H07 and T01-J codes.|
X12-H03E3|Current|(2005-    )|Low power mains network||Typically includes communication/control signals sent over mains wires to switch appliances.|
X12-H03E5|Current|(2005-    )|Radio network|||
X12-H03E7|Current|(2005-    )|Internet/intranet|||
X12-H04|Current|(1992-    )|Utility electrical measurements|X12-H09|Includes meters and metering/measuring arrangements relating only to electrical power systems covering generation, transmission and distribution. Also covers such measurements for domestic, commercial and industrial premises. See also S01 codes for all electrical measurements.|
X12-H04A|Current|(1992-    )|Remote metering|X12-H09|Includes arrangements for obtaining meter readings from the customer premises-based meters. Customers, in this context, include domestic, commercial and industrial users. Does not cover arrangements for metering/measuring power line electrical values for display at, for example, a load control centre. Such items are in X12-H04D. See also W05-D codes for transmission of measured values.|
X12-H04B|Current|(2005-    )|Internet/intranet metering|||
X12-H04C|Current|(2006-    )|Individual transmission/distribution/mains line meters||Includes current, voltage, power, energy, frequency, etc. meters, per se. Does not include meters not designed for the purpose of generation, transmission/distribution. Where the meter has the facility to be interrogated by a central station or electricity provider, see also X12-H04A.|
X12-H04D|Current|(2006-    )|Metering/measurement systems||Includes arrangements/circuitry for obtaining measures of voltage, current, etc for power systems. Individual current/voltage transformers are covered by X12-C codes. By their nature, these are 'remote' measurements but are not coded in X12-H04A.|
X12-H04E|Current|(2006-    )|Other metering/measurement systems||Includes recording of transients, harmonics, over voltages/current data, line fault parameters, lightning strikes, etc.|
X12-H04U|Current|(2005-    )|Applications||To be used in conjunction with other H04 codes.|
X12-H04U1|Current|(2005-    )|Protection||Includes metering arrangements for use with protection devices. See also S01, X12-C01G and X13-C for electrical instrumentation, instrument transformers and protection circuits.|
X12-H04U2|Current|(2005-    )|Network control||See also X12-H03A codes for control and monitoring of networks.|
X12-H05|Current|(1992-    )|Network simulators||Includes not only network simulation but also modelling of the system to manage load demand/generation, predicting power consumption and outcomes of operational parameter changes, etc. T01-J15 codes for computer-aided design and simulation are also assigned as appropriate.|
X12-H06|Current|(1992-    )|Electric energy storage|X12-H09|For pumped storage hydroelectric systems, see also X11-B06 and X12-H01A7 codes. This code includes systems using superconducting coils, etc. See also X16-L. Storage for load-balancing purposes is in X12-H01A7.|
X12-H07|Current|(2005-    )|Power trading across separate networks/generators||Includes computerised trading of power based on varying tariffs and pollution costs and credits. See also T01-J codes. To be used with other X12-H03 codes for communication and control aspects.|
X12-H08|Current|(2013-    )|Smart grids||Includes smart grids used for power transmission and management. Use with other X12-H codes as appropriate, such as X12-H03 codes for remote control and monitoring, X12-H04 codes for smart metering of power usage, X12-H01B codes for distributed power supply/control and X15-A08 and X15-B05 for solar/wind power control/monitoring. Also see other codes such as X27-V for home automation e.g. where smart grid automatically turns off household equipment, or manages use of off-peak power for domestic equipment.|Intelligent, smart-grid
X12-H09|Current||Other power supply/distribution aspects|||
X12-J|Current||Power converters||See U24-D for low power converters.|
X12-J01|Current||General converter details|||
X12-J01A|Current||Generation of control voltages||See U21-B01 and U21-B05 codes for electronic switching.|
X12-J01A1|Current|(1992-    )|For bipolar transistor|||
X12-J01A1A|Current|(1992-    )|For IGBTs|||
X12-J01A3|Current|(1992-    )|For FETs|||
X12-J01A5|Current|(1992-    )|For thyristors|||
X12-J01A7|Current|(1992-    )|For control of other devices|||
X12-J01A9|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by PWM||See U22-E for PWM in general.|
X12-J01B|Current|(1983-    )|Circuit protection|X12-J01X|See also X13-C04D.|
X12-J01C|Current|(2012-    )|Power factor correction|||
X12-J01E|Current|(1992-    )|Reducing harmonics and ripples|X12-J01X|See U25-E for filters in general.|
X12-J01E1|Current|(2006-    )|Harmonics reduction|||
X12-J01E2|Current|(2006-    )|Ripple reduction|||
X12-J01E5|Current|(2014-    )|Reducing electromagnetic interference||This code covers measures to reduce electromagnetic interference generated by the converter itself, e.g. based on circuitry or on constructional details such as screening for which V04-U codes are also assigned. W02-H01 codes (general codes for EMI/RFI reduction at source) are also assigned as appropriate.|Electromagnetic compatibility, EM, EMC, filter, harmonic, PWM frequency, radio frequency interference, RF, SMPS, switched mode, switching frequency, switching regulator, switching transient
X12-J01G|Current|(1992-    )|General cooling details|X12-J01X|See also V04-T03 codes.|
X12-J01J|Current|(2006-    )|Measurements/testing/monitoring||See S01 for related electrical instrumentation.|
X12-J01K|Current|(2007-    )|Constructional details|X12-J01X||
X12-J01X|Current||Other converter aspects|||
X12-J02|Current||DC-DC converters|||
X12-J02A|Current||Without intermediate AC|||
X12-J02B|Current||With intermediate AC|||
X12-J03|Current||AC-AC converters|||
X12-J03A|Current|(2005-    )|Matrix converter|||
X12-J04|Current||AC-DC converter|||Rectifier
X12-J04A|Current|(1992-    )|Half-wave|||
X12-J04C|Current|(1992-    )|Full-wave|||
X12-J04C1|Current|(1992-    )|Bridge|||
X12-J04C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by diodes|||
X12-J04C1B|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by thyristors|||
X12-J04E|Current|(1992-    )|Multiplier|||
X12-J05|Current||DC-AC converter|||Inverter
X12-J05A|Current||Full- and half-bridge|||
X12-J05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by bipolar transistors|||
X12-J05A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by IGBTs|||
X12-J05A3|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by FETs|||
X12-J05A5|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by thyristors|||
X12-J05A9|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by other switches|||
X12-J05B|Current|(2005-    )|Inverter-type||To be used in conjunction with other inverter codes such as X12-J05A.|
X12-J05B1|Current|(2005-    )|Voltage source inverter|||
X12-J05B2|Current|(2005-    )|Current source inverter|||
X12-J05B3|Current|(2005-    )|Utility inter-tie inverter||Includes inverters fed by solar/wind power/etc generators for connecting to a mains/utility supply. For low power inverters, see U24-D codes.|
X12-J06|Current|(2005-    )|Pulse voltage supply||See U24-D06 for low power pulse supply. See U22-A03 also for energy-storage pulse generation.|
X12-J09|Current||Other converters||Includes dynamic converters.|
X12-J10|Current|(2007-    )|Bidirectional converter||This code is used in conjunction with other codes to indicate a bidirectional novelty.|
X13|Current||Switchgear, protection, electric drives||NOTES : (1) This class contains high power and indeterminate size apparatus. Low power mechanical and electromechanical switches are coded in V03 only, and electronic switches are coded in U21 only. (2) X13-A01 ad X13-A02 codes are common to switches, circuit breakers and circuit protectors.|
X13-A|Current||Switchgear contacts; special switch arrangements|||
X13-A01|Current||Contact material, structures and manufacture|||
X13-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Materials|||
X13-A01B|Current|(1992-    )|Structures|||Shape
X13-A01C|Current|(2002-    )|Contact manufacture; testing; monitoring|||
X13-A02|Current||Contact engagement techniques||Includes contacts details not covered by X13-A01 codes.|
X13-A03|Current||Switch operating and driving mechanisms (general)|||
X13-A03A|Current||Operating parts|||Levers, pushbuttons, handles, rods
X13-A03B|Current||Mechanisms|||Drives, springs, actuators, cams, gear motors
X13-A03C|Current||Interlocking; arc control|||Locking, latches
X13-A03X|Current||Switch operating and driving mechanisms (general) - other||Includes casings.|Housing, cover
X13-A04|Current||Special switch arrangements|||
X13-A04A|Current||Snap-action and time delay|||
X13-A04B|Current||Linearly movable operating parts|||
X13-A04B1|Current||Slide switches|||
X13-A04B2|Current||Push-button switches|||
X13-A04C|Current||Rotary switches|||
X13-A04C1|Current||Unlimited or unspecified angle|||Knobs
X13-A04C2|Current||Restricted angle|||Lever-, toggle-operated, handles
X13-A04D|Current||Tumbler and lockable switches|||Rockers
X13-A04E|Current||Encased or on carriage||See X13-E03A also.|Gas-insulated
X13-A04F|Current||Switch manufacture; testing; monitoring|||
X13-A04G|Current|(1987-    )|Contactors|X13-A04X||
X13-A04G1|Current|(1987-    )|Electromagnetic|||Electromagnets, arc control, cores
X13-A04G5|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by type of interrupting medium|||
X13-A04G5A|Current|(1997-    )|Air gap|||
X13-A04G5B|Current|(1997-    )|Gas-insulated|||
X13-A04G5C|Current|(1997-    )|Vacuum|||
X13-A04H|Current|(1987-    )|High power vacuum and gas-filled tubes|X13-A04X|See also V05-A09 and V05-B codes.|Thyratrons, discharge tubes
X13-A04X|Current||Other switches||Includes explosively-actuated high power switches.|
X13-B|Current||Circuit breakers|||
X13-B01|Current||Air-break without arc control||Includes isolators, sectionalisers and fuse-switches.|Blades
X13-B02|Current||Breaking incorporating arc extinguishing||Includes air and liquid circuit breakers.|Oil-break
X13-B02A|Current|(1987-    )|Vacuum circuit breakers|||Contacts, electrodes, bellows
X13-B02B|Current|(1992-    )|Gas circuit breakers|||
X13-B03|Current||Breaking with separate arc extinguishing means|||Oil-break
X13-B03A|Current|(1983-    )|Air/gas-blast circuit breakers|||
X13-B03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Gas-blast circuit breakers|||
X13-B03A1A|Current|(1997-    )|SF6 circuit breakers|||Sulphur hexafluoride
X13-B04|Current||Arc extinguishing, prevention and detection||Includes use of magnets, auxiliary/multiple contacts, insulating body between contacts, impedances, arcing horns, etc.|Blow-out magnets, resistance-switching
X13-B05|Current|(1983-    )|Driving mechanisms|X13-B09|Includes fluid-, pneumatic-, hydraulic-, motorised- or EM-actuators.|Electromagnetic, springs, linkages, pistons, cranks, rods
X13-B08|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture, assembly, testing, maintenance|||Measurements, monitoring
X13-B08A|Current|(1997-    )|Optical fibre sensors|||
X13-B08B|Current|(1997-    )|Microprocessors|||
X13-B09|Current||Other circuit breaker details||Includes interlocks, cases, ensuring operation at a predetermined point, vents for arc products, DC circuit breaker etc.|
X13-C|Current||Emergency protective circuit arrangements||This code is for power equipment protection. Low power electronic apparatus protection is in U24-D and U24-F. Exceptions: certain overcurrent and overvoltage protection aspects are in X13-C03 and its application e.g. telephone line protection is in W01-C.|
X13-C01|Current||Disconnection responsive to electrical input||Note: X13-C01A to X13-C01X codes may be used together with X13-C04, X13-C10, X13-C15 and X13-C20 codes.|
X13-C01A|Current||Excess current|||Overcurrent, short-circuits
X13-C01B|Current||Earth fault current or potential||Includes ELCB and RCCB. See also X13-D05.|Earth leakage circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers, leakage current
X13-C01C|Current||Excess, under- or no-voltage|||
X13-C01D|Current||Difference between magnitudes or phase of voltages or currents|||Differential protection
X13-C01E|Current|(2007-    )|Distance or impedance||Includes all aspects of distance/impedance relaying. See also S01-D05B for impedance measurements.|
X13-C01F|Current|(2008-    )|Arc fault||For detecting and protecting against arcing faults.|
X13-C01X|Current||Other disconnection responsive to electrical input||Includes protection schemes responding to power reversal, impedance, loss of synchronism, frequency deviations, etc. Also includes automatic disconnections and reconnections, indicating operation of fault clearing apparatus, protection CTs and PTs, etc.|Fault indicators, auto-reclosure, distance protection
X13-C02|Current||Disconnection responsive to non-electrical input||Includes disconnection responsive to temp., line rupture, overspeed of motor/generator etc.|Heat, thermal, line breakage
X13-C03|Current||Limiting excess current or voltage||See X12-A and X12-F codes also.|Surges, transients
X13-C03A|Current|(1997-    )|Overvoltage limiters|||
X13-C03A1|Current|(1997-    )|SIC surge arresters|||Silicon carbide
X13-C03A2|Current|(1997-    )|MOV surge arresters|||Metal-oxide varistors
X13-C03A3|Current|(1997-    )|SF6 surge arresters|||
X13-C03B|Current|(1997-    )|Overcurrent or earth fault current limiters or suppressors|||Peterson coil
X13-C03B1|Current|(1997-    )|Superconducting current limiter|||
X13-C04|Current||Protection circuits characterised by applications|||
X13-C04A|Current||Cable or line systems|||
X13-C04B|Current||Transformers, generators or sync. capacitors|||
X13-C04C|Current||Motors||Includes means responding to excess current, voltage increase or reduction, phase interruption, increase or decrease of speed, wrong direction of rotation, etc.|
X13-C04D|Current||Converters||Includes rectifiers and inverters. See also X12-J01B.|
X13-C04X|Current||Other protection circuits characterised by applications||Includes protection for distribution gear, static capacitors, busbars, etc.|
X13-C09|Current||Other emergency protective circuit arrangements||Includes personnel protection.|
X13-C10|Current|(1992-    )|Solid-state (analogue) relay protection|||
X13-C15|Current|(1997-    )|Digital or numeric relay protection|||
X13-C15A|Current|(1997-    )|Microprocessors|||
X13-C15B|Current|(1997-    )|Artificial intelligence|||
X13-C15B1|Current|(1997-    )|Expert systems|||
X13-C15B2|Current|(1997-    )|Neural networks|||
X13-C15C|Current|(1997-    )|Fuzzy logic|||
X13-C15N|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by novelty of specific components|||
X13-C15N1|Current|(1997-    )|Signal conditioning|||
X13-C15N2|Current|(1997-    )|A/D signal conversion|||
X13-C15N3|Current|(1997-    )|Protection algorithms|||
X13-C20|Current|(1997-    )|Testing of protection schemes|||
X13-C20A|Current|(1997-    )|Programmable simulators|||
X13-D|Current||Fuses; moulded case circuit breakers; general circuit protectors|||
X13-D01|Current||Melting fuses|||
X13-D01A|Current||Electrical details||Includes fusible member and its materials, caps, cartridge fillings.|Fuse-links, -elements, -strips, terminals
X13-D01B|Current||Constructional details||Includes fuse operation indicators, holders, bases, distinguishing marks, etc.|Housing, body, cover
X13-D01C|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture, assembly, testing|X13-D06||
X13-D01T|Current|(1997-    )|Characterised by type of fuse|||
X13-D01T1|Current|(1997-    )|Semi-enclosed fuses|||
X13-D01T2|Current|(1997-    )|Cartridge fuses|||
X13-D01T3|Current|(1997-    )|Expulsion fuses|||
X13-D01T4|Current|(1997-    )|Striker fuses|||
X13-D01T5|Current|(1997-    )|Printed fuses|||
X13-D01T6|Current|(1997-    )|Fuse resistors|||
X13-D01T7|Current|(1997-    )|SMT fuses|||
X13-D01T8|Current|(1997-    )|Vacuum fuses|||
X13-D01T9|Current|(1997-    )|SF6 fuses|||
X13-D02|Current||Overload circuit breakers||See X13-D03, X13-D04 and X13-D06 to X13-D09 codes for details.|
X13-D02A|Current|(1983-    )|Hand reset mechanism||Reset mechanisms include levers, tumblers, knobs, push-buttons.|
X13-D02B|Current|(1983-    )|Power reset mechanism||Includes reclosure types of reset mechanisms.|
X13-D02C|Current|(1983-    )|Separate resetting action|||
X13-D03|Current||Electrothermal or combined EM and electrothermal release mechanisms||Includes bimetal element; expanding rod, strip or wire; fusible mass.|
X13-D03A|Current|(1997-    )|Combined EM and electrothermal release mechanisms|||
X13-D04|Current||Electromagnetic release mechanisms; reset mechanisms|||Electromagnets, armatures, poles
X13-D04A|Current|(1992-    )|Reset mechanisms|||
X13-D05|Current||Protective switches actuated by abnormal electrical conditions other than solely by excess current||Earth fault currents, current falling below certain level, excess or under voltage, ELCB or RCCB.|
X13-D06|Current||Constructional details||Includes housings, casings, bases, mountings, operation indicators, terminals, connections, distinguishing marks.|Terminal colour coding
X13-D07|Current|(1987-    )|Arc control|X13-D09||Arc extinguishing, arc chutes, arc splitters, blow out magnets, arc quenching
X13-D08|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture, assembly, testing||For monitoring malfunction of circuit breakers and harmful gases released from them.|
X13-D09|Current||Other fuses; moulded case circuit breakers; general circuit protectors||Includes CT for MCCB, locking/interlocking, name or rating plate and the protectors not covered by X13-D01, X13-D02 and X13-D05.|Electrodynamic release, motor-driven
X13-D10|Current|(2002-    )|Solid state circuit breakers|||Contactless
X13-D11|Current|(2002-    )|Miniature circuit breakers|||
X13-D12|Current|(2005-    )|Thermal fuses||Includes one-shot thermal fuses, thermal protectors and thermal cutoffs.|
X13-D20|Current|(2002-    )|Circuit breakers characterised by novel mechanism|||
X13-D20A|Current|(2002-    )|Sensing mechanism|||
X13-D20B|Current|(2002-    )|Trigger mechanism|||
X13-D20C|Current|(2002-    )|Latching and release mechanism|||
X13-D20D|Current|(2002-    )|Operating mechanism|||
X13-E|Current||Switchboards, switchyards||Note: This code covers switching devices in association with each other or with transformers, fuses etc. Also, includes mainly constructional details with electrical aspects of power distribution control in X12-H. Motor control centres are covered, with electrical aspects in X13-F and X13-G.|
X13-E01|Current||Boards, desks, frameworks||Includes mounting of switches thereon, mosaic or mimic diagrams for supervisory desks or panels.|Rails, slides, building blocks
X13-E02|Current||Casings, boxes||Includes mounting of devices therein, switch box nameplate.|Switch cabinets
X13-E03|Current||Indoor, outdoor or board mounting arrangements||Includes pole mounted units, and transformer substations.|Switch yards
X13-E03A|Current|(1992-    )|Switchgear carriage|||
X13-E03B|Current|(1992-    )|Switchgear cubicle|||
X13-E03C|Current|(1997-    )|Characterized by use of SF6|||GIS, gas insulated switchgear, sulfur hexafluoride gas insulated switchgear
X13-E04|Current|(1980-    )|Wiring, circuit and safety arrangements|||Shutters, guards, earth-pins, -plates, fuse arrangements, CT-, PT- arrangements, interlocks, earthing, racking
X13-E04A|Current|(1987-    )|Wiring; bus-bars||Includes clamps, arrangements for bus-bars and wiring of units on boards or in boxes.|Arrangements, layouts
X13-E08|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture, assembly, testing, maintenance, repair|X13-E09||Monitoring
X13-E08A|Current|(1997-    )|Optical fibre sensors|||
X13-E08B|Current|(1997-    )|Microprocessors|||
X13-E09|Current||Other switchboards, switchyards||Includes venting arc gases from cubicles, cooling, etc.|
X13-F|Retired|(1980-2013)|Starting, stopping or regulating electric machines*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F01|Retired|(1980-2013)|Starting electric motors or converters*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F02|Retired|(1980-2013)|Stopping or slowing electric machines*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Plugging, supply reversal, reversing motor, regenerative-, resistive-, dynamic-braking
X13-F03|Retired|(1980-2013)|Speed regulation of electric motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03A|Retired|(1980-2013)|Varying field or armature current in DC motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01C from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03A1|Retired|(1980-2013)|Using tubes or semiconductors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01C1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Pulse modulation, chopper control, static converters
X13-F03A1A|Retired|(1992-2013)|Field supply control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01C1A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03A1B|Retired|(1992-2013)|Armature supply control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01C1B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03A9|Retired|(1980-2013)|Other*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01C9 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Ward-Leonard sets, metadynes, amplidynes
X13-F03B|Retired|(1980-2013)|Varying stator or rotor current in AC motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Brush shifting, transductor
X13-F03B1|Retired|(1992-2013)|Using semiconductors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03B1A|Retired|(1992-2013)|Frequency control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D1A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03B1B|Retired|(1992-2013)|Voltage control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D1B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03B1C|Retired|(1992-2013)|Vector speed regulation*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D1C from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Field-oriented, flux-vector, direct-torque, control
X13-F03C|Retired|(1992-2013)|AC/DC brushless motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01E from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03C1|Retired|(1997-2013)|Permanent magnet*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01E1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |PM AC/DC brushless
X13-F03C2|Retired|(1997-2013)|Switched reluctance*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01E2 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |SR AC/DC brushless
X13-F03C3|Retired|(1997-2013)|Sensorless*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01E3 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |BEMF
X13-F03D|Retired|(1997-2013)|Asynchronous motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01F from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Induction
X13-F03E|Retired|(1997-2013)|Synchronous motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01G from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03E1|Retired|(2006-2013)|With permanent magnet*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01G1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03E2|Retired|(2006-2013)|Without permanent magnet*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01G2 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03F|Retired|(1997-2013)|Linear motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01H from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F03F1|Retired|(1997-2013)|Asynchronous*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01H1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Induction, AC, LIM
X13-F03F2|Retired|(1997-2013)|Synchronous*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01H2 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |AC, LSM
X13-F03F3|Retired|(1997-2013)|Direct current*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01H3 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |DC, linear
X13-F03X|Retired|(1980-2013)|Other speed regulation of electric motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01X from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F09|Retired|(1980-2013)|Other*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01X from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F10|Retired|(1997-2013)|Microprocessor based starting, stopping or speed regulation*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H05 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F20|Retired|(2005-2013)|Starter-generator/motor-generator speed regulation*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H07 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25|Retired|(2005-2013)|Speed regulation or starting/stopping of electrical machines or converters characterized by specific switching or control device*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25A|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by bipolar transistors and diodes*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25B|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by IGBTs*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25C|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by FETs*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10C from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25D|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by thyristors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10D from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25E|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by combination of switching devices*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10E from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25F|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by AC-to-DC converter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10F from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25G|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by DC-to-AC converter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10G from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25H|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by AC-to-AC*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10H from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-F25J|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by DC-to-DC converter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10J from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G|Retired|(1980-2013)|Controlling electric machines or converters*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01|Retired|(1980-2013)|Speed or torque of electric motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. Includes universal motor speed control. |
X13-G01A|Retired|(1980-2013)|Varying field or armature current in DC motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01C from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Ward-Leonard sets, amplidynes, metadynes
X13-G01A1|Retired|(1992-2013)|Using semiconductors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01C1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Pulse modulation, chopper control, static converters
X13-G01A1A|Retired|(1992-2013)|Field supply control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01C1A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01A1B|Retired|(1992-2013)|Armature supply control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01C1B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01B|Retired|(1980-2013)|Varying stator or rotor current in AC motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01B1|Retired|(1980-2013)|Using tubes or semiconductors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01B1A|Retired|(1992-2013)|Frequency control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D1A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01B1B|Retired|(1992-2013)|Voltage control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D1B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01B1C|Retired|(2005-2013)|Vector speed control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D1C from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01B9|Retired|(1980-2013)|Other*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01D9 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01C|Retired|(1992-2013)|AC/DC brushless motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01E from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01C1|Retired|(1997-2013)|Permanent magnet*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01E1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |PM AC/DC brushless
X13-G01C2|Retired|(1997-2013)|Switched reluctance*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01E2 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |SR AC/DC brushless
X13-G01C3|Retired|(1997-2013)|Sensorless*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01E3 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |BEMF
X13-G01D|Retired|(1997-2013)|Asynchronous motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01F from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Induction
X13-G01E|Retired|(1997-2013)|Synchronous motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01G from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01E1|Retired|(2006-2013)|With permanent magnet*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01G1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01E2|Retired|(2006-2013)|Without permanent magnet*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01G2 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01F|Retired|(1997-2013)|Linear motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01H from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G01F1|Retired|(1997-2013)|Asynchronous*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01H1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Induction, AC, LIM
X13-G01F2|Retired|(1997-2013)|Synchronous*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01H2 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |AC, LSM
X13-G01F3|Retired|(1997-2013)|Direct current*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01H3 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |DC, linear
X13-G01X|Retired|(1980-2013)|Other speed or torque of electric motors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H01X from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. Includes control for multi-motors, etc. |
X13-G02|Retired|(1980-2013)|Electric generators control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. See V06-N40 codes for speed control of low power generators.|
X13-G02A|Retired|(1980-2013)|Varying field*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T|Retired|(1997-2013)|Characterised by type of prime mover or generator *||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T1|Retired|(1997-2013)|Steam turbine generator*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T1 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T2|Retired|(1997-2013)|Hydrogenerator*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T2 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T3|Retired|(1997-2013)|IC engine generator*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T3 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T4|Retired|(1997-2013)|Gas turbine generator *||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T4 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T5|Retired|(1997-2013)|Wind turbine generator*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T5 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T6|Retired|(2002-2013)|Microturbine generator*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T6 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T7|Retired|(2006-2013)|Synchronous generator*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T7A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T8|Retired|(2006-2013)|DC generator*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T8 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T9|Retired|(2006-2013)|Other generators' control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T9 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02T9A|Retired|(2006-2013)|Induction generator*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02T7B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G02X|Retired|(1980-2013)|Other control details*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H02X from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. Includes control by varying prime mover speed; controlling clutch or other mechanical power transmission device; obtaining desired frequency or voltage in predetermined relation; capacitor variation for asynchronous generator.|Prime-mover control, frequency control
X13-G03|Retired|(1980-2013)|Static converters*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H03 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. This code is used together with X12-J01A and converter-type codes. For low power converter control see U24-D codes. |
X13-G03A|Retired|(1980-2013)|Controlling DC/AC stages or converters*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H03A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Inverter control
X13-G03B|Retired|(1980-2013)|Controlling AC/DC stages or converters*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H03B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |Rectifier control
X13-G03C|Retired|(2006-2013)|DC-DC converter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H03C from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G03D|Retired|(2006-2013)|AC-AC converter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H03D from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G03X|Retired|(1980-2013)|Other converters' control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H03X from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |AC to AC-, DC to DC- converter control
X13-G04|Retired|(1980-2013)|Dynamo-electric brakes or clutches; non-static converters*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H04 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. From 2006, controllers for reactors/transformers are covered by X12-C02B codes only. For static converters, see X12-J01A and X13-G03 codes only.|
X13-G10|Retired|(1997-2013)|Microprocessor based control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H05 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. Includes details of DSP processor, ECU, PLC etc.|
X13-G15|Retired|(2002-2013)|Remote motor control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H06 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G20|Retired|(2002-2013)|Starter-generator/motor-generator control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H07 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G25|Retired|(2005-2013)|Speed control of electrical machines characterized by specific switching or control device*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10 from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. These codes are used together with other X13-G codes as appropriate.|
X13-G25A|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by bipolar transistors and diodes*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10A from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G25B|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by IGBTs*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10B from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G25C|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by FETs*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10C from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G25D|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by thyristors*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10D from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G25E|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by combination of switching devices*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10E from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G25F|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by AC-to-DC converter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10F from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G25G|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by DC-to-AC converter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10G from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G25H|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by AC-to-AC*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10H from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-G25J|Retired|(2005-2013)|Characterized by DC-to-DC converter*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X13-H10J from 201401, but remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2014. |
X13-H|Current|(2014-    )|Control of electric machines||Low power motor control is in V06-N. |
X13-H01|Current|(2014-    )|Speed or torque regulation of electric motors or converters||Includes universal motor speed control.|
X13-H01A|Current|(2014-    )|Starting electric motor or converters||Includes details of star-delta starters, motor control centres, switches, EM contactors. Also includes starting of generators.|
X13-H01B|Current|(2014-    )|Stopping or slowing electric machines or converters|||Plugging, supply reversal, reversing motor, regenerative-, resistive-
X13-H01C|Current|(2014-    )|Speed or torque regulation by varying field or armature in DC motors||Involves measuring of speed and comparing with a reference to change motor speed; universal motor speed control. |
X13-H01C1|Current|(2014-    )|Using tubes or semiconductors|||Pulse modulation, chopper control, static converters 
X13-H01C1A|Current|(2014-    )|Field supply control|||
X13-H01C1B|Current|(2014-    )|Armature supply control|||
X13-H01C9|Current|(2014-    )|Other details of speed or torque regulation by varying field /armature current in DC motors|||Ward-Leonard sets, metadynes, amplidynes 
X13-H01D|Current|(2014-    )|Speed or torque regulation by varying stator or rotor current in AC motors|||Brush shifting, transductor 
X13-H01D1|Current|(2014-    )|Using semiconductors|||
X13-H01D1A|Current|(2014-    )|Frequency control|||
X13-H01D1B|Current|(2014-    )|Voltage control|||
X13-H01D1C|Current|(2014-    )|Vector speed regulation|||Field-oriented, flux-vector, direct-torque, control 
X13-H01D9|Current|(2014-    )|Other details of speed or torque regulation by varying stator or rotor current in AC motors|||
X13-H01E|Current|(2014-    )|AC/DC brushless motors|||
X13-H01E1|Current|(2014-    )|Permanent magnet|||PM AC/DC brushless 
X13-H01E2|Current|(2014-    )|Switched reluctance|||SR AC/DC brushless 
X13-H01E3|Current|(2014-    )|Sensorless|||BEMF
X13-H01F|Current|(2014-    )|Asynchronous motors|||Induction
X13-H01G|Current|(2014-    )|Synchronous motors|||
X13-H01G1|Current|(2014-    )|Synchronous motors with permanent magnet|||
X13-H01G2|Current|(2014-    )|Synchronous motors without permanent magnet|||
X13-H01H|Current|(2014-    )|Linear motors|||
X13-H01H1|Current|(2014-    )|Asynchronous linear motors|||Induction, AC, LIM 
X13-H01H2|Current|(2014-    )|Synchronous linear motors|||AC, LSM 
X13-H01H3|Current|(2014-    )|Direct current linear motors|||DC, linear 
X13-H01X|Current|(2014-    )|Other speed or torque regulation of electric motors||Includes control for multi-motors, etc.|
X13-H02|Current|(2014-    )|Electric generators control||See V06-N40 codes for speed control of low power generators.|
X13-H02A|Current|(2014-    )|Varying field|||
X13-H02B|Current|(2014-    )|Frequency control|||
X13-H02C|Current|(2014-    )|Voltage control|||
X13-H02D|Current|(2014-    )|Vector speed control|||
X13-H02E|Current|(2014-    )|Capacitor variation||Asynchronous generators are coded under X13-H02T7B.|
X13-H02T|Current|(2014-    )|Characterised by type of prime mover or generator|||
X13-H02T1|Current|(2014-    )|Steam turbine generator|||
X13-H02T2|Current|(2014-    )|Hydrogenerator|||
X13-H02T3|Current|(2014-    )|IC engine generator|||
X13-H02T4|Current|(2014-    )|Gas turbine generator|||
X13-H02T5|Current|(2014-    )|Wind turbine generator|||
X13-H02T6|Current|(2014-    )|Microturbine generator|||
X13-H02T7|Current|(2014-    )|Synchronous/Asynchronous generator|||
X13-H02T7A|Current|(2014-    )|Synchronous generator|||
X13-H02T7B|Current|(2014-    )|Asynchronous generator|||Induction
X13-H02T8|Current|(2014-    )|DC generator|||
X13-H02T9|Current|(2014-    )|Other generators' control|||
X13-H02X|Current|(2014-    )|Other electric generator control details||Includes control by varying prime mover speed; controlling clutch or other mechanical power transmission device. From 2014, details of frequency control are coded under X13-H02B, voltage control under X13-H02C and by variation of capacitor under X13-H02E.|Prime-mover control
X13-H03|Current|(2014-    )|Static converters control||This code is used together with X12-J01A and converter-type codes. For low power converter control see U24-D codes. |
X13-H03A|Current|(2014-    )|Controlling DC/AC stages or converters|||Inverter control 
X13-H03B|Current|(2014-    )|Controlling AC/DC stages or converters|||Rectifier control 
X13-H03C|Current|(2014-    )|Controlling DC-DC converters|||
X13-H03D|Current|(2014-    )|Controlling AC-AC converters|||
X13-H03X|Current|(2014-    )|Other converters' control|||
X13-H04|Current|(2014-    )|Dynamo-electric brakes or clutches; non-static converters||From 2006, controllers for reactors/transformers are covered by X12-C02B codes only. For static converters, see X12-J01A and X13-G03 codes only.|
X13-H05|Current|(2014-    )|Microprocessor based control||Includes details of DSP processor, ECU, PLC etc.|
X13-H06|Current|(2014-    )|Remote motor control|||
X13-H07|Current|(2014-    )|Starter-generator/motor-generator control|||
X13-H10|Current|(2014-    )|Speed control of electrical machines characterized by specific switching or control device||These codes are used together with other X13-H codes as appropriate.|
X13-H10A|Current|(2014-    )|Characterized by bipolar transistors and diodes|||
X13-H10B|Current|(2014-    )|Characterized by IGBTs|||
X13-H10C|Current|(2014-    )|Characterized by FETs|||
X13-H10D|Current|(2014-    )|Characterized by thyristors|||
X13-H10E|Current|(2014-    )|Characterized by combination of switching devices|||
X13-H10F|Current|(2014-    )|Characterized by AC-to-DC converter|||Rectifier
X13-H10G|Current|(2014-    )|Characterized by DC-to-AC converter|||Inverter
X13-H10H|Current|(2014-    )|Characterized by AC-to-AC converter|||
X13-H10J|Current|(2014-    )|Characterized by DC-to-DC converter|||
X13-H99|Current|(2014-    )|Other control details of electric machines|||
X13-U|Current|(1997-    )|Characterized by application to specific equipment or industry||For records prior to 2005, these codes were used for applications of medium and high power electric machines control only. From 2005 onwards, these codes are used for applications of fuses, protectors, circuit breakers, and medium and high power switches and electric machines control. See V03 codes for low power electric switches and V06 codes for low power electric machines.|
X13-U01|Current|(1997-    )|Road vehicles|||
X13-U02|Current|(1997-    )|Railways|||
X13-U03|Current|(1997-    )|Aviation and aerospace|||
X13-U04|Current|(1997-    )|Ships and boats|||
X13-U05|Current|(1997-    )|Military|||
X13-U06|Current|(1997-    )|Industrial machines|||
X14|Current||Nuclear power generation|||
X14-A|Current||Reactor processes||Includes all aspects of reactor processes.|
X14-A01|Current||Fast fission|||Fast-breeder, fast neutrons
X14-A02|Current||Thermal||Includes boiling-water reactor, pressurised water reactor.|Gas-cooled, PWR, BWR, AGR, thermal neutrons
X14-A03|Current|(1992-    )|Fusion reactors|X14-A09|Includes plasma confinement and generation.|JET, Tokamak, toroidal-, poloidal-coils, plasma generation
X14-A03A|Current|(1992-    )|Cold fusion|X14-A09||Electrolysis, palladium
X14-A09|Current||Other reactor processes||Includes sub-critical reactors.|
X14-B|Current|(1980-    )|Reactor components||Includes all aspects (electrical and non-electrical) of components except for cooling where certain items e.g. heat exchangers are excluded. |
X14-B01|Current||Pressure vessels, containment|||Concrete structures, seals, walls
X14-B02|Current||Shielding; emergency protection||Includes biological-, reflecting- and thermal-shields.|Neutron shield, emergency shut-down, neutron reflection, gamma radiation thermal shielding
X14-B03|Current||Cooling||Includes pumping or circulating of coolant.|Circulation pumps, liq, sodium circulation, coolant flow control
X14-B04|Current||Fuel elements|||
X14-B04A|Current||Manufacture||Includes fuel element manufacture and materials for the fuel and its cladding.|
X14-B04X|Current||Construction and other details||Includes bundles of pin-, rod- or tube-shaped fuel elements, spacer grids, casings, jackets.|Cladding, grids
X14-B05|Current||Moderator or core structure||Includes locating or supporting of fuel elements; supporting complete structure.|Fuel supports, fuel grids, moderator composition, supporting core, grid supports, heavy water, graphite, core shroud
X14-C|Current|(1980-    )|Nuclear power plant and control||Documents are included in X14-C02 to X14-C06 only if some electrical aspects are disclosed. X14-C01 covers both electrical and non-electrical aspects.|
X14-C01|Current||Control of nuclear reaction||Includes control or poison rods and their drive arrangements. Also includes control circuits.|Control material, neutron absorber, shut-down, hafnium, boron, cadmium, erbium, europium
X14-C02|Current||Monitoring and testing reactor||See also section S for general instrumentation e.g. S03-G codes covers nuclear or x-radiation.|Probes, measuring-temp, -reactivity, -radioactivity, -strain, -neutron-flux
X14-C03|Current||Fuel handling||Includes fuel handling arrangements to load fuel elements into the reactor and discard used elements. Also includes storage and associated handling of unused fuel, prior to use in the reactor.|Robots, lifting devices, discharging/dismantling irradiated fuel
X14-C04|Current||Manufacture of reactor|||
X14-C05|Current||Power plant|||
X14-C05A|Current||Generation of electricity or mechanical energy|||
X14-C05B|Current||Plant control|||Regulating plant parameters, flow, level, feedwater control
X14-C05C|Current|(2002-    )|Measurements relating to plant|X14-C05X|For in-situ reactor-related measurements, see X14-C02. Includes arrangements, for example, to check the integrity of welded joints. See also the relevant instrumentation codes in Section S.|
X14-C05X|Current|(1980-    )|Other nuclear power plant aspects||Includes safety suits, personal radiation monitors, cabling, protection. Also includes electrical details of water desalination systems for producing potable water (see also X25-H03 for water treatment). If water is used for cooling the reactor, X14-B03 should be applied.|Cable inlets, plant simulator, dosimeter badge, nuclear desalination, hot cell
X14-C06|Current|(2013-    )|Maintenance, Service, Repair|||
X14-D|Current||Radioactive waste treatment, etc.||Includes only electrical appts./method for waste disposal.|Decontamination, disposal, storage, electrolytic waste disposal, decommission
X14-E|Current|(1980-    )|Energy from radioactive sources||Includes only electrical apparatus and methods for radioactive/nuclear cells, etc.|(please remove)
X14-F|Current||Plasma technique||Includes generation and handling of plasma for fusion reactors. For other uses, only electrical aspects are included.|
X14-F01|Current|(1992-    )|For fusion|||Magnetic confinement
X14-F02|Current|(1992-    )|For integrated circuit manufacture||See also appropriate U11-C codes.|
X14-F03|Current|(1992-    )|For burners and torches||See also X24-D05.|Plasma gun
X14-F04|Current|(2002-    )|For propulsion||Covers plasma propulsion techniques for ordnance, space vehicles, etc. See also W06-B03 and W07 codes.|
X14-G|Current|(1980-    )|Particle accelerators||Documents are included in X14-G only if some electrical aspects are disclosed. See also K08-G and L03-H04D.|
X14-G01|Current|(1987-    )|Linear|||Linac, magnets
X14-G02|Current|(1987-    )|Cyclic|||Synchrotrons, cyclotrons, betatrons, magnets )
X15|Current||Non-fossil fuel power generating systems||See X11-A, X11-B and X11-C codes for steam turbine plants, coal-fired power plants, hydroelectric plants, gas turbine plants, IC engine plants, cogeneration plants, etc. Nuclear power generation details are covered by X14 only. See also X11-J codes for in-depth constructional details of the generators, e.g. stator, rotor, windings, insulation, etc. See also X12 codes for details of power distribution to e.g. power transmission networks (powergrids).|
X15-A|Current||Solar power||X15-A codes cover all details of solar batteries, solar power, solar powered charging of batteries, when there is some novelty/importance regarding the solar aspect. Includes power generation from solar rays as well as other optical radiation, photoelectrochemical and thermophotovoltaic actions. If details about e.g. the semiconductor materials used in the cell (photolayers, etc), the photoreceivers, the manufacture/packaging of the cells, etc, U12-A02A codes should also be applied. See also X15-A04 or X15-A05 to highlight small scale or large scale power generation, respectively. Photoelectrochemical and dye-sensitised solar cells are also coded under X16-A04. Chargers using solar energy to charge a battery is also coded under X16-G02A.|
X15-A01|Current||Solar heat/radiation collection; concentrators||Includes solar heat/radiation collection and concentration for both solar thermal energy conversion systems (see also X15-A01A) as well as systems using direct conversion of solar energy (see also X15-A02).|
X15-A01A|Current|(2005-    )|Heat collecting panels||Includes panels provided with pipes carrying liquid that is heated by the sun. Direct conversion panel details are in X15-A02.|Collectors, heat pipes
X15-A01A1|Current|(2011-    )|Working fluids||Includes arrangement details of working fluids such as water, molten salts etc.|
X15-A01C|Current|(2005-    )|Concentrators||Includes arrangements to direct sun's rays onto the solar panels/heat pipes using reflectors, lenses and sun-tracking dishes. This code can be applied in conjunction with X15-A01A to highlight application to solar thermal energy conversion systems or X15-A02 to highlight application to direct solar energy conversion systems.|Focussing, parabolic mirrors
X15-A01C1|Current|(2010-    )|Mirrors|||Focussing mirror, parabolic mirror, parabolic troughs
X15-A01C2|Current|(2010-    )|Lenses|||Focussing lenses, Fresnel lenses
X15-A01C3|Current|(2010-    )|Tracking arrangements||Includes heliostats.|
X15-A01C4|Retired|(2010-2010)|Working fluids*||*From 2011 this code is transferred to X15-A01A1, but remains searchable for records in 2010. Includes arrangement details of working fluids such as water, molten salts, etc.|
X15-A01C9|Current|(2010-    )|Other concentrators details|||
X15-A02|Current|(1980-    )|Direct conversion photovoltaic panel details; solar/photovoltaic cells details||X15-A01C codes can be used in conjunction with X15-A02 codes to highlight the concentrators, e.g. mirrors, tracking arrangements, etc. See also U12-A02A codes.|
X15-A02A|Current|(1983-    )|Single cells||Includes photovoltaic or solar cells (see also U12-A02 codes) and their manufacture. See U12-A02A7 for circuitry arrangements for solar cells.|
X15-A02B|Current|(1983-    )|Assemblies of cells||Includes details of interconnections between individual cells. Details of the solar panel or module are covered by X15-A02C.|
X15-A02C|Current|(2002-    )|Solar / photovoltaic panel details||Includes mechanical details of solar/photovoltaic panels, modules or tiles, including anti-reflective coating, glass cover to protect the cells from the elements, cleaning system for removing dust (sand) and dirt from the surface of the solar/photovoltaic panels. Also includes interconnections between panels. Mechanical details of roof structures are coded under X15-A02X only. Details of single cells and assemblies of cells (including interconnections between individual cells) are coded under X15-A02A and X15-A02B, respectively.|Solar cell modules, panels, tiles, anti-reflective coating
X15-A02D|Current|(2002-    )|Photoelectrochemical cells|X15-A02A|See also X16-A04 and other X16 codes for more detailed breakdown of the details of such cells, and U12-A02 codes.|
X15-A02D1|Current|(2005-    )|Dye-sensitised solar cell||Includes the use of an organic dye and electrolyte for absorbing solar energy and hole transport.|DSSC, Gratzel cells
X15-A02E|Current|(2002-    )|Thermophotovoltaic cells||Includes cells where IR rays are converted to electricity. See also U12-A02 codes.|
X15-A02F|Current|(2005-    )|Organic solar cell||Includes cells that use electron-acceptor and electron-donor organic materials.|
X15-A02X|Current|(2010-    )|Other solar/photovoltaic panels/cells details||Includes mechanical details of roof structures. Mechanical details of solar/photovoltaic panels, modules or tiles are coded under X15-A02C only. Includes wiring to solar battery, details of junction boxes (also covered by V04-B09 and X12-G04B codes), and cooling arrangements. Also includes repair of solar cells and modules.|
X15-A04|Current|(2002-    )|Small scale solar power generation||Covers generation of electricity, for example, to power watches, calculators, etc. Also includes domestic or micro installations. This code is used in conjunction with other X15-A codes.|
X15-A05|Current|(2002-    )|Large scale solar power generation||Covers high power systems, for example, for powering space craft, vehicles, etc. Includes solar systems installed on roofs of buildings (see also X27-E01A5 for domestic solar heating systems). This code is used in conjuction with the above relevant codes.|Solar-powered vehicles, solar water heating system
X15-A05A|Current|(2010-    )|Solar tower; solar chimney||Includes use of greenhouse structure to heat air to create updraft in tower containing turbines to generate power.|
X15-A05B|Current|(2010-    )|Solar Stirling engine||Includes use of concentrated solar energy as heat source within engine.|
X15-A05H|Retired|(2010-2015)|Hybrid/Combination plant*||*This code is now discontinued and has been transferred to X15-J from 201601. It remains searchable for records prior to 2016. Includes solar thermal plants that are combined with other (including fossil fuel-based) heat or electricity generating equipment to cope with overcast skies or night operation. Details of combination plants not involving solar power are coded under X15-J.|
X15-A05X|Current|(2010-    )|Other large scale solar power generation|||
X15-A08|Current|(2010-    )|Control, monitoring and testing||Includes control, monitoring and testing details of solar and photovoltaic cells, solar heat collecting devices and concentrators. This code is used in conjunction with other X15-A codes as appropriate. Also includes solar cell evaluation apparatus or solar simulator e.g. to measure theoretical outputs of solar panels. |Simulation
X15-A09|Current||Solar power aspects - other||Includes use of solar energy to raise steam for driving generators. Excludes solar energy for heating water, which is covered by X27-E01A codes.|
X15-A10|Current|(2016-    )|Hybrid/Combination plant||Includes solar thermal plants that are combined with other (including fossil fuel-based) heat or electricity generating equipment to cope with overcast skies or night operation. Also see X15-A05 for large scale solar combined plant. Also includes small scale combined solar and wind turbine power generation (also see X15-A04 for small scale solar combined power generators). Details of combination plants not involving solar power are coded under X15-J.|
X15-B|Current||Wind power||Includes arrangements for electricity generation using wind power. Details of converters and interconnection to the utility mains are covered by, respectively, U24-D/X12-J and X12-H01B codes.|
X15-B01|Current||Motors||Constructional details, e.g. gearing systems, clutches, cooling and ventilating systems, manufacture details, rotors and stators details, etc, are also covered by X11-J codes. Blade details are covered by X15-B01C.|
X15-B01A|Current|(1987-    )|Turbines|||Vanes, windmills, drives
X15-B01A1|Current|(2005-    )|Large scale||This code is used for novel turbines of a large scale nature.|
X15-B01A3|Current|(2005-    )|Small scale||Includes microturbines, e.g. those located at the bottom of a chimney, vehicles, e.g. electric vehicles, etc.|
X15-B01A5|Current|(2010-    )|Horizontal turbines|||
X15-B01A6|Current|(2010-    )|Vertical turbines|||
X15-B01B|Current|(1987-    )|Generators||See also X11.|Asynchronous, synchronous
X15-B01C|Current|(2010-    )|Blade design; blade material||Includes construction details of blades, including design, materials of blades per se, and attachments for connecting/supporting the blades.|Damping arrangement, de-icing
X15-B02|Current|(2005-    )|On-shore systems||This code is used in conjunction with other codes as appropriate.|
X15-B03|Current|(2005-    )|Off-shore systems||This code is used in conjunction with other codes as appropriate.|
X15-B04|Current|(2006-    )|Small scale turbines/power plant||This code is used in conjunction with other codes as required to indicate the small scale nature, where disclosed, of the plant such as is used in vehicles, within a chimney, etc.|
X15-B05|Current|(2006-    )|Control, monitoring and testing||Includes electrical aspects only. Includes blade pitch control, control of blade angle, noise emission monitoring, etc.|Simulation
X15-B06|Current|(2006-    )|Support structures||Includes wind turbine tower and its manufacturing.|
X15-B09|Current||Other wind power aspects||Includes details of lightning protection system, etc.|
X15-C|Current||Sea power||Includes use of heat differential between different depths. Hydroelectric power generation using water turbines driven by river flow or river falls is coded under X11-B only. Details of power plant, e.g. turbines, blades, etc, are also covered under X11-B and X11-J codes. Details of osmotic power or salinity gradient power are covered by both X11-B09 and X15-C.|Ocean currents, ocean thermal energy conversion, vortex power
X15-C01|Current|(1983-    )|Wave power|||
X15-C01A|Current|(2010-    )|Wave energy capture methods|||
X15-C01A1|Current|(2010-    )|Point absorbers; Buoys||Includes floating structure with components that move relative to each other due to wave action.|Salter duck (RTM), Edinburgh duck (RTM), buoyant moored device
X15-C01A2|Current|(2010-    )|Attenuators; surface following||Includes long multisegment floating structures oriented parallel to the direction of the waves that flex at the segments and drive hydraulic pumps or other converters.|Hinged contour device, Pelamis (RTM)
X15-C01A3|Current|(2010-    )|Terminator devices; oscillating water columns||Includes devices that extend perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation and capture or reflect the power of the wave.|OWC
X15-C01A4|Current|(2010-    )|Overtopping devices||Includes reservoirs that are filled by incoming waves to levels above the average surrounding ocean and where gravity causes the water released to fall back and drive hydro turbines.|
X15-C01A9|Current|(2010-    )|Other wave energy capture methods|||
X15-C01B|Current|(2010-    )|Installation location|||
X15-C01B1|Current|(2010-    )|On-shore installation|||
X15-C01B2|Current|(2010-    )|Near-shore/Off-shore installation|||
X15-C01C|Current|(2010-    )|Power take-off||Includes details of power take-offs such as hydraulic ram, elastomeric hose pump, pump-to-shore, hydroelectric turbine, air turbine and linear electrical generator.|
X15-C02|Current|(2005-    )|Tide energy|||Tides, tidal
X15-C02A|Current|(2010-    )|Tide energy plant type|||
X15-C02A1|Current|(2010-    )|Tidal stream systems|||
X15-C02A2|Current|(2010-    )|Barrages|||
X15-C02A3|Current|(2010-    )|Tidal lagoons|||
X15-C02A9|Current|(2010-    )|Other tide energy plant types|||
X15-C02B|Current|(2010-    )|Novel turbine arrangements|||
X15-C03|Current|(2010-    )|Control, monitoring and testing||Includes control, monitoring and testing details of either wave power and/or tide energy plants. This code is used in conjunction with other X15-C codes as appropriate.|Simulation
X15-D|Current|(1997-    )|Thermoelectric power generation|X15-X|Includes details of thermoelectric generators that convert heat directly into electricity, or generate power from temperature difference (Seebeck effect). Details of thermoelectric devices applied to refrigeration using the Peltier effect are coded under X27-F02B1 only. See also U14 codes. |Thermovoltaic elements, thermoelectric battery
X15-E|Current|(1997-    )|Biomass, biofuel and waste fuel combustion power generation||Includes electrical details of power generation using biomass, waste fuel and biofuels. Biofuels, including their production, are covered by CPI codes.|
X15-G|Current|(2010-    )|Geothermal power|X15-X||
X15-G01|Current|(2011-    )|Electricity generation||Includes generation of electricity from steam produced by heating water pumped down to underground hot rocks.|
X15-G02|Current|(2011-    )|Thermal power||Includes use of geothermal energy for water heating and provision of hot water to homes and buildings.|
X15-H|Current|(2010-    )|Profiting from waste heat||Includes waste heat recovery arrangements, e.g. for recovering heat from sewage or waste water for use in water heating (see X27-E03) e.g. for shower or dishwasher. See X11-C04 instead for combined heat and power plants per se.|
X15-J|Current|(2011-    )|Combined cycle plant||Includes electric power generation by combinations of different non-fossil fuel sources or combinations of non-fossil fuel and other fossil fuel sources such as gas turbines (see also X11-C01). Details of combination plants involving solar power are also coded under X15-A05H. See X11-C03 only for electric power generation solely using fossil fuel sources.|
X15-K|Current|(2011-    )|Cogeneration plant||Includes provision of combined heat and electric power using non-fossil fuel sources.Combined heat and electric power generation using fossil fuel sources are coded under X11-C04.|
X15-T|Current|(2011-    )|Power generation from traffic flow||Includes using vehicular traffic flow, animal or human traffic flow etc. to generate electricity. Includes use of compressible hydraulic cylinders or piezoelectric generators buried beneath road that use weight of traffic passing over them to generate electricity.|
X15-V|Current|(2011-    )|Control, monitoring and testing||Includes control, monitoring and testing details of all X15 sections other than solar, wind and sea power where control, monitoring and testing details are highlighted by the specific X15-A08, X15-B05 and X15-C03 manual codes respectively.|Simulation
X15-W|Current|(2011-    )|Constructional details||Includes constructional details for all X15 sections other than X15-A (solar power), X15-B (wind power) and X15-C (sea power).|
X15-X|Current||Other non-conventional power generation||Includes non-conventional power generation systems that can't be coded elsewhere, such as power generated from muscle contraction/relaxation, human exercise. From 2010, geothermal plants are transferred to X15-G. From 2011, generation of electricity from vehicular, animal or human traffic flow is transferred to X15-T.|
X16|Current||Electrochemical storage||NOTES: (1) Manufacture of a cell of a particular type is coded with the cell. (2) General details like lead acid battery cases are coded with the cell type and its relevant code e.g. X16-F01 and X16-B01B.(3) Electrode details are not coded with the cell type if specific provision is made in X16-E.|
X16-A|Current||Non-rechargeable or primary cells||Cooling, heating and air-conditioning details are coded under X16-K codes, and also under one or more X16-A code(s) to highlight the type of primary cells/batteries. The same applies to battery charging (X16-G codes), battery measurements and testing (X16-H codes), and battery/cell materials recovery and recycling (X16-M).|
X16-A01|Current||With aqueous electrolyte|||
X16-A01A|Current||Dry cells|||Zinc-carbon battery, button cells
X16-A01B|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-air cell|X16-A01X, X16-D|See also X16-D.|Zinc-air
X16-A01X|Current||Primary cells - other|||
X16-A02|Current||With non-aqueous electrolyte|||
X16-A02A|Current|(1987-    )|Lithium-based cell|||Lithium-copper oxide, lithium-thionyl chloride, lithium-chromoxide, lithium-manganese dioxide, lithium-sulphur dioxide, lithium-polycarbon monoflouride
X16-A03|Current|(1987-    )|Reserve cells|||
X16-A03A|Current|(1987-    )|Thermal cells|||
X16-A03B|Current|(1987-    )|Sea-water cells|X16-A01X||
X16-A04|Current|(1987-    )|Photoelectrochemical cells||See also U12-A02A and X15-A02D codes.|
X16-A05|Current|(2005-    )|Micro- and printed-primary cell||To be used together with the battery electrolyte type e.g. non-aqueous cell.|
X16-B|Current||Rechargeable or secondary cells||Cooling, heating and air-conditioning details are coded under X16-K codes, and also under one or more X16-B code(s) to highlight the type of secondary cells/batteries. The same applies to battery charging (X16-G codes), battery measurements and testing (X16-H codes), and battery/cell materials recovery and recycling (X16-M).|
X16-B01|Current||Cells|||
X16-B01A|Current||Alkaline|||Nickel-zinc
X16-B01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Nickel-cadmium|||
X16-B01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-hydrogen|X16-B01A, X16-B01X|Includes nickel-hydrogen, etc. cells.|
X16-B01B|Current||Lead-acid||Also includes recombination type and valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) type.|
X16-B01C|Current|(1987-    )|High-temperature sodium-sulphur|X16-B01X||
X16-B01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Other high-temperature cells|X16-B01X||
X16-B01D|Current|(1987-    )|Metal-halogen|X16-B01X|See also X16-D02.|
X16-B01F|Current|(1992-    )|Non-aqueous|X16-B01X|Includes organic electrolytes.|
X16-B01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Lithium-based|X16-B01X|Includes secondary lithium cells when the state of the electrolyte is not known.|
X16-B01F1A|Current|(2005-    )|Liquid electrolyte|||
X16-B01F1C|Current|(2005-    )|Solid electrolyte||Includes solid polymer lithium electrolyte cells.|
X16-B01G|Current|(2005-    )|Micro- and printed-secondary cell||To be used together with any other battery electrolyte-type cell e.g. alkaline.|
X16-B01X|Current||Other secondary cells||Includes gastight accumulators.|
X16-B09|Current||Other secondary cells' aspects||Includes servicing, maintenance and battery/cell reconditioning. If recycling, see also X16-M and X25-W04.|
X16-C|Current||Fuel cells and associated components||Fuel cell electrodes, casings and electrolytes are coded under X16-E06A, X16-C18 and X16-J codes respectively. Cooling, heating and air-conditioning details are coded under X16-K codes, and also under one or more X16-C code(s) to highlight the type of fuel cells. The same applies to battery charging (X16-G codes), battery measurements and testing (X16-H codes), and battery/cell materials recovery and recycling (X16-M).|Redox cell, oxidants
X16-C01|Current|(1992-    )|Solid oxide and solid polymer fuel cell|||
X16-C01A|Current|(1997-    )|Solid oxide fuel cell||Includes cells using e.g. zirconium oxide electrolyte.|SOFC
X16-C01A1|Current|(2005-    )|Tubular||Includes tubular solid oxide electrolyte with inner and outer electrodes.|
X16-C01A3|Current|(2005-    )|Monolithic||Includes planar and corrugated solid oxide electrolyte with electrodes on its major surfaces.|
X16-C01C|Current|(1997-    )|Solid polymer fuel cell|||PEM, SPEFC, SPE fuel cell, proton exchange membrane, solid polyethylene fuel cell, SPFC, PEMFC
X16-C02|Current|(1992-    )|Molten carbonate fuel cell|||MCFC
X16-C03|Current|(1992-    )|Alkaline fuel cell|||AFC
X16-C04|Current|(1992-    )|Phosphoric acid fuel cell|||PAFC
X16-C06|Current|(2005-    )|Bio-fuel cell||Includes, for example, cells with electrodes having a 'bio' catalyst.|
X16-C07|Current|(2005-    )|Micro/flat fuel cell||Includes fuel cells using, for example, a small replaceable fuel tank. To be used together with the type of cell such as SOFC.|
X16-C09|Current|(1992-    )|Control||Includes catalyst temp. control using fuel and air flow ; gas and air circulation, etc.|
X16-C15|Current|(1992-    )|Fuel/gas supply arrangements, storage facility; combustion products/exhaust gas handling|||
X16-C15A|Current|(2005-    )|Fuel/gas supply arrangements||For supplying gas to electrodes.|
X16-C15A1|Current|(2005-    )|Manifolds|||
X16-C15A2|Current|(2005-    )|Flow plates|||
X16-C15A3|Current|(2005-    )|Fuel wicking|||
X16-C15A4|Current|(2005-    )|Liquid and air transmission pump|||
X16-C15C|Current|(2005-    )|Fuel storage facility|||
X16-C15C1|Current|(2005-    )|Bulk storage facility|||
X16-C15C2|Current|(2005-    )|Replaceable fuel container|||Cartridge, reservoir, cassette, tank
X16-C15C3|Current|(2005-    )|Hydrogen storage/absorption material|||
X16-C15C3A|Current|(2005-    )|Nanomaterial/nanotube|||
X16-C15E|Current|(2005-    )|Exhaust/waste handling|||
X16-C16|Current|(1997-    )|Anode and cathode gases separators or separating arrangements|X16-F02|See X16-F02 for other membranes and anode and cathode separators.|
X16-C17|Current|(1997-    )|Fuel processing|||
X16-C17A|Current|(2005-    )|Hydrogen generation||Includes all aspects of hydrogen manufacture if for ultimate, stated use in fuel cells.|
X16-C17A1|Current|(2005-    )|Reformer||Includes extraction of hydrogen from hydrocarbons such as methanol, gasoline, etc.|
X16-C17C|Current|(2005-    )|Catalyst||For electrode catalyst, see X16-E06A5A.|
X16-C17E|Current|(2005-    )|Heater||Includes heating arrangement for fuel processing. For battery and fuel cell heating, see X16-K02.|
X16-C18|Current|(2005-    )|Fuel cell housing, stack, and sealing arrangements|X16-F01, X16-F01A, X16-F06|See X16-F codes for batteries.|
X16-D|Current||Hybrid cells, etc.||Includes fuel cell in combination with primary or secondary cell.|
X16-D01|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-air|||
X16-D02|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-halogen|||
X16-E|Current||Electrodes||X16-E01, X16-E02 are either used on their own or in conjunction with the relevant battery type.|
X16-E01|Current||Active materials|||
X16-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|Organic compounds|||
X16-E01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Polymers|||
X16-E01C|Current|(1992-    )|Inorganic compounds|||
X16-E01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Oxides, complex oxides|||
X16-E01E|Current|(1992-    )|Conductive material|||
X16-E01G|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacturing|||
X16-E01H|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by active material size/structure||To be used together with X16-E01A/E01C codes.|
X16-E01H1|Current|(2005-    )|Nanomaterials||To be used together with X16-E01A/E01C codes.|
X16-E01J|Current|(2005-    )|Binders and fillers|X16-E09||
X16-E02|Current||Carriers, plates, collectors|||Collectors, grids, supports
X16-E03|Current||Primary cell electrodes|||
X16-E03A|Current|(1992-    )|Non-aqueous electrolyte|||
X16-E03A1|Current|(1997-    )|Lithium-based non-aqueous electrolyte|||
X16-E04|Current||Lead-acid accumulator electrodes|||
X16-E05|Current||Alkaline accumulator electrodes|||
X16-E05A|Current|(1992-    )|Nickel-cadmium|||
X16-E05C|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-hydrogen|X16-E05, X16-E09|Includes nickel-hydrogen, etc. cells. Also includes hydrogen storage alloys.|
X16-E06|Current||Fuel and hybrid cell electrodes||Also includes inert electrodes and catalysts.|
X16-E06A|Current|(1992-    )|Fuel cell|||
X16-E06A1|Current|(2005-    )|Electrode materials||Includes all 'active' materials for the electrodes and catalysts. For fuel processor catalyst, see X16-C17C1.|
X16-E06A1A|Current|(2005-    )|Nanomaterials/nanotubes|||Nanocarbon
X16-E06A5|Current|(2005-    )|Electrode details||Includes constructional and arrangement details of electrodes.|
X16-E06A5A|Current|(2005-    )|Catalyst||For fuel processor catalyst, see X16-C17C1.|
X16-E06A5C|Current|(2005-    )|Membrane electrode assembly|||MEA
X16-E06A5E|Current|(2005-    )|Gas diffusion layer|||GDL
X16-E06C|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid|X16-E06, X16-E09||
X16-E06C1|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-air|||
X16-E06C2|Current|(1992-    )|Metal-halogen|||
X16-E07|Current|(1987-    )|Depolariser|X16-X||
X16-E08|Current|(1992-    )|Non-aqueous electrolyte cell electrodes|X16-E09||
X16-E08A|Current|(1992-    )|Lithium-based|X16-E09||
X16-E09|Current||Other electrode aspects||Includes electrodes not coded above and miscellaneous items relating to electrodes.|Surfactant
X16-E10|Current|(1992-    )|Sodium-sulphur|X16-E09||
X16-E11|Current|(2005-    )|Photoelectrochemical cell electrode||See also U12-A02 and X15-A02 codes for solar cells.|
X16-F|Current||Constructional details of cells or batteries|||
X16-F01|Current||Cases, seals, shapes||For battery holders, see X16-F06 codes.|
X16-F01A|Current|(1987-    )|Sealing arrangement|||Gaskets
X16-F01C|Current|(2005-    )|Casing||Used in conjunction with X16-F01A and X16-F01F codes when appropriate.|Covers, containers, housings, walls, lids
X16-F01F|Current|(1992-    )|Characterised by shape of casing||Used when casing/sealing arrangement is novel.|
X16-F01F1|Current|(1992-    )|Button/coin|||
X16-F01F2|Current|(1992-    )|Cylindrical/tubular|||
X16-F01F3|Current|(1992-    )|Prismatic|||
X16-F01F4|Current|(2005-    )|Micro- or printed-battery|||
X16-F02|Current||Separators, membranes, spacers||Steam separators are not coded here but under X16-K01 only, and fuel cell separators are coded under X16-C16 only.|Cotton, nylon, polypropylene, cellulose-rayon, cellulose-nylon, cellulose-nylon paper, polyethylene, cellophone, polytetraflouroethylene, woven, non-woven
X16-F03|Current||Terminals, internal connections, vents, filler caps|||
X16-F03A|Current|(1987-    )|Terminals, internal connections|||
X16-F03A1|Current|(2005-    )|Terminals||Includes externally accessible terminals to contact any equipment being powered by the battery. See X16-F05 for connections used for grouping cells or batteries to form packs.|
X16-F03A3|Current|(2005-    )|Internal connections||Includes internal connections within cell or battery, inaccessible on the outside.|
X16-F03B|Current|(1987-    )|Vents, filler caps|||Valves, safety devices, pressure relief
X16-F04|Current|(1987-    )|Electrolyte circulating arrangement|X16-F09||
X16-F05|Current|(1987-    )|Battery connectors; jumper cables|X16-F09|See also V04 for connectors.|Clamps
X16-F06|Current|(1992-    )|Battery holder/compartment associated with electrical/electronic equipment; battery packs; etc.|X16-F09|Grouped/stacked fuel cells are covered by X16-C codes.|
X16-F06A|Current|(2005-    )|Battery packs||Also covers individual batteries or cells grouped together by external connectors such as groups of batteries for electric vehicles, power station batteries, etc. Battery packs using a specific type of cell such as alkaline are also covered by X16-B01 codes.|
X16-F06C|Current|(2005-    )|Battery compartment/holder associated with electrical/electronic equipment|X16-F09|See also V04-S03 for casings incorporating such holders/compartments.|
X16-F06E|Current|(2005-    )|Charging pods; cells or battery holder||Includes constructional details. For battery charging circuits, see X16-G codes.|
X16-F06E1|Current|(2005-    )|Charging pods||Includes battery-powered equipment holders designed for charging the battery.|
X16-F06E2|Current|(2005-    )|Cell or battery holder||Includes battery or cell, per se, holder for charging. For example, a mains plug adapter with charging circuit within and section for holding cells to be charged.|
X16-F09|Current||Other cell constructional details||Includes getter, packaging carton, theft prevention, nameplate labels, etc.|
X16-G|Current||Battery chargers|||
X16-G01|Current||Using ac mains|||
X16-G02|Current||Using other sources, e.g. generator||Jumper cables are coded in X16-F05.|
X16-G02A|Current|(1983-    )|Using solar cells|||
X16-G02B|Current|(2002-    )|Using another battery|||
X16-G02C|Current|(2002-    )|Using generator||Includes battery charging using an electric generator.|Piezoelectric
X16-G02C1|Current|(2008-    )|IC engine-driven|||
X16-G02C2|Current|(2008-    )|Wind power-driven|||
X16-G03|Current|(2005-    )|Non-contact charger units||To be used in conjunction with other codes. For example, non-contact mains charger is also coded in X16-G01.|
X16-H|Current|(1987-    )|Battery measurements and testing|X16-G|Includes electrical and non-electrical measurements.|
X16-H01|Current|(1992-    )|Remaining charge||See also S01-G06 codes.|
X16-H02|Current|(1992-    )|Measurements / testing associated with intrinsic / extrinsic properties||Includes sensing level, density or humidity of electrolytes, detecting leakage of electrolyte solution, measuring durability of electrolyte film, measuring fuel (e.g. hydrogen) level, concentration or density, measuring specific gravity of electrolytes, measuring membrane air permeability, etc. Temperature control / monitoring is coded under X16-H05 only. See also relevant S codes, e.g. S02-C06 codes for level measurements.|
X16-H03|Current|(2002-    )|Voltage/current||See also S01-D and S01-G06 codes.|
X16-H04|Current|(2002-    )|Battery classification||Includes testing to classify battery into different types.|
X16-H05|Current|(2009-    )|Temperature||Includes details of temperature control and monitoring. See also S03-B codes for temperature measurements.|
X16-H09|Current|(2002-    )|Smart battery||This code is used where a battery provides power to an equipment and also stores status data and/or has the facility to transfer this data to the equipment.|
X16-J|Current|(1987-    )|Electrolytes|X16-X|Includes dendrite inhibitor, composition.|
X16-J01|Current|(1992-    )|Solid||Includes gel electrolyte as well.|
X16-J01A|Current|(1992-    )|Organic|||
X16-J01C|Current|(1992-    )|Inorganic|||
X16-J01E|Current|(2005-    )|Nanomaterials||To be used together with other appropriate X16-J codes.|
X16-J01G|Current|(2005-    )|Gel||To be used together with other appropriate X16-J codes.|
X16-J02|Current|(1992-    )|Liquid|||
X16-J03|Current|(1992-    )|Molten/fused salt||Includes electrolytes which are normally solid at room temperature but liquid at operating temperatures.|
X16-J07|Current|(1992-    )|Aqueous|||
X16-J08|Current|(1992-    )|Non-aqueous|||
X16-J09|Current|(1992-    )|Electrolyte holders or matrix|||
X16-K|Current|(1987-    )|Battery cooling, heating, etc.|X16-X||
X16-K01|Current|(2005-    )|Cooling|||Water cooled, refrigeration, baths, coolant circulation, steam separator
X16-K02|Current|(2005-    )|Heating||Includes, for example, heating to aid correct battery operation.|
X16-K03|Current|(2005-    )|Air conditioning||Includes humidification, such as moisture introduction within a fuel cell gas, PEMFC humidity control, etc.|
X16-L|Current|(1987-    )|Other types of electric energy storage|X16-X|Includes non-chemical and non-battery types of storage of electric energy. See also X12-H codes for storage of excess generated energy. Does not include pumped storage hydroelectric systems. Includes flywheel storage systems.|
X16-L01|Current|(1987-    )|Storage heaters||See also X27-E01A4.|
X16-L02|Current|(1987-    )|Capacitors||Includes capacitors of the type used for supplying power e.g. electrochemical double layer capacitor/supercapacitor (see also V01-B01D codes).|
X16-M|Current|(2002-    )|Battery materials recovery||Includes recovery and recycling details. See also X16-A, X16-B, X16-C codes to highlight the type of batteries/cells. See also X25-W04 for electrical recycling details.|
X16-X|Current||Other general battery aspects||Includes protection, battery simulator/modelling, etc.|
X21|Current||Electrical vehicles|||
X21-A|Current||Electric propulsion and braking|||
X21-A01|Current||Electric propulsion||Includes all aspects of electric traction for ridden vehicles except electric train/tram (see X23-A codes), electric luggage trolleys (see X25-F05 codes) and electric ship propulsion (see W06-C01 codes). Also, any application not catered for specifically is included. In general, this code will be used in conjunction with other claimed aspects e.g. heating systems.|
X21-A01A|Current|(1987-    )|Wheelchair||Includes invalid carriages and mobility vehicles for disabled persons. Also see S05-G02A for wheelchairs or S05-K01 for mobility aids. See Q22-C02 for novel mechanical details of wheelchairs.|
X21-A01B|Current|(1987-    )|Forklift truck||Includes electric motor driven forklift trucks (see also X25-F05A). See also X21-X for novel hydraulic fork assemblies. IC engine-driven trucks are instead coded in X22-P05F and X25-F05A, as well as other X22 codes as appropriate depending on the claimed aspects.|
X21-A01C|Current|(1997-    )|Electric bicycle||Includes electric tricycle.|
X21-A01D|Current|(1997-    )|Hybrid vehicle||Includes vehicles utilising electric traction motor and other power source, i.e. internal combustion engine. Can be used in conjunction with other X21-A01 codes such as X21-A01H for hybrid bus.|HEV
X21-A01D1|Current|(2002-    )|Parallel hybrid vehicle||Includes vehicle whose wheels are driven by both electric motor and e.g. internal combustion engine, including four wheel drive type vehicles where IC engine drives front wheels and electric motor(s) drive rear wheels. Also see X22-P04A and other relevant X22 codes.|
X21-A01D3|Current|(2002-    )|Series hybrid vehicle||Includes vehicle with electric traction motor and battery that is charged e.g. by IC engine driven generator. See also X21-B04C for on-board IC engine driven generator. Previously coded as electric vehicle in X21-A01F and X21-B04C rather than X21-A01D since only electric traction is present.|
X21-A01E|Current|(1997-    )|Electric golf cart||Excludes electric golf trolley. See also W04-X01F codes.|
X21-A01F|Current|(1997-    )|Electric vehicle||Includes electric vehicles (EV). Can also be applied to indicate general or unspecified electric vehicle application. See X21-A01J instead for fuel cell powered electric vehicles.|
X21-A01G|Current|(2002-    )|Electric scooter/motorcycle||See W04-X03E2 for child's electric toy scooter.|
X21-A01H|Current|(2002-    )|Electric bus/lorry||Includes trolley buses. See X23 only for trams.|
X21-A01J|Current|(2007-    )|Fuel cell vehicle||Includes electric vehicles powered using fuel cell technology. Can be used in conjunction with other X21-A01 codes as appropriate, e.g. X21-A01H for fuel cell bus. See X21-A01F for battery driven electric vehicles. Unspecified vehicles using fuel cells are considered to be electrically-propelled vehicles rather than motor vehicles and are thus coded here.|FCV
X21-A01L|Current|(2015-    )|Driverless/autonomous electric vehicles||Includes electric vehicles that can drive themselves. Used with other X21 codes as required, e.g. X21-H for automatic steering and X21-A05 for safety/monitoring arrangements.|
X21-A01M|Current|(2002-    )|Other electric vehicles||Includes ridden electrically propelled mower (see also X27-A01A) as well as electric ski cycles and electric snowmobiles.|
X21-A02|Current||Mounting of propulsion units; gearing|||
X21-A02A|Current|(2002-    )|Transmission system and its control||Includes control of clutch, gear ratio and general transmission details.|Gearing, Clutch, Drive shafts
X21-A03|Current||Electrodynamic and (electro)mechanical brake systems|||
X21-A03A|Current|(1997-    )|(Electro)mechanical||Also includes mechanical friction brakes with additional electrical details.|ABS, anti-lock braking
X21-A03C|Current|(1997-    )|Electrodynamic||Includes regenerative, resistive and eddy current braking. See also V06-N06 and X13-F02 codes.|
X21-A04|Current||Traction motor speed control||See also V06-N, X13-F03 and X13-G01 codes. Includes control of motor output torque, e.g. to supplement torque delivered to wheels by IC engine of hybrid vehicle during gear shifting (see also X21-A01D1 and X22 codes as appropriate).|
X21-A04A|Current|(1997-    )|Rectifier control||See also U24-D, X12-J and X13-G03 codes.|
X21-A04C|Current|(1997-    )|Inverter control||See also U24-D, X12-J and X13-G03 codes.|
X21-A05|Old|(1980-2009)|Safety; monitoring||Includes protective arrangement; anti-collision system.|
X21-A05|Current|(2010-    )|Safety; monitoring; instrumentation||From 2010 this code has been expanded to include general instrumentation, e.g. for vehicle dashboard. Includes protective arrangements, anti-collision systems etc. Also includes overall arrangements for determiing whether it is safe to operate in autonomous driving mode. See also X21-A01L for autonomous electric vehicles per se.|
X21-A05A|Current|(2013-    )|Safety systems||Includes electric vehicle safety systems such as cameras for internal/external view, airbags, seatbelts, horns, anti-collision systems, noise generators to make vehicle more noticable to pedestrians etc.|
X21-A05E|Current|(2013-    )|Monitoring; instrumentation||Includes general instrumentation, e.g. for vehicle dashboard.|
X21-A06|Current|(1997-    )|Measurements|X21-A05|Includes battery remaining charge indicators (see also S01-G, X16-H and X21-B01 codes); maximum distance before need for recharging; speed; novel sensors; etc.|
X21-A07|Current|(1997-    )|Electric traction motor|X21-A01|Includes details of the motor per se. See also V06-M and X11 codes for further detailed breakdown of motor details.|
X21-B|Current||Power supply and related aspects|||
X21-B01|Current||Battery arrangements||Includes traction batteries and fuel cells, and their charging (see also X16).|
X21-B01A|Current|(1997-    )|Traction battery||Includes novel battery and fuel cell details and their grouping to attain higher operating voltage. See also X16 codes for a more detailed breakdown of batteries and fuel cells, per se.|Fuel cells
X21-B01A1|Current|(1997-    )|Charging arrangements||See also X16-G codes. Includes battery discharging arrangements, e.g. to fully discharge battery before recharging.|
X21-B01A1A|Current|(1997-    )|On-board||Includes charging battery using onboard device such as generator. Also see X16-G02C for battery charging using generator.|
X21-B01A1C|Current|(1997-    )|Off-board||Includes use of off-board mains supply. See X16-G01 for mains battery charging.|
X21-B01B|Current|(2002-    )|On-board power supply systems; power supply control||Includes general control/regulation of onboard power. See U24/X12 codes for further power supply details.|
X21-B01E|Current|(2012-    )|Battery exchange/leasing||Includes arrangements for enabling a depleted battery to be removed from a vehicle and replaced with a fully charged battery. Also includes battery leasing.|Lease, exchange, replace
X21-B02|Current||Power supply lines; power feed||Includes off-board power supply aspects, such as overhead lines for trolley buses (see also X12-G codes).|Power supply cables, overhead lines
X21-B03|Current||Current collectors|||Overhead pick-up shoes, brushes
X21-B04|Current|(1997-    )|Combination of battery and other source||Includes e.g. additional use of electrolytic capacitor or mechanical flywheel.|
X21-B04A|Current|(1997-    )|Wind turbine or solar cell array||See also X15-B and X15-A codes for wind and solar power generation respectively.|
X21-B04C|Current|(1997-    )|On-board IC engine-driven generator|||
X21-B04C1|Current|(2002-    )|IC engine control||Control of internal combustion engine driving generator in series hybrid vehicle. This code is not applied for parallel hybrid vehicles, since novel engine control can be adequately highlighted by the application of X22-A codes.|Fuel injection control, ignition timing control, pollution control, series hybrid
X21-B05|Current|(1997-    )|Power converter|X21-A01, X21-A04|Includes details of DC-DC converters, power rectifiers and inverters (see also U24-D and X12-J codes depending on power level). Converter control is covered by X21-A04 codes.|
X21-C|Current|(1997-    )|Electric vehicle accessories|X21-A01||
X21-C01|Current|(1997-    )|Passenger compartment heating systems|||
X21-C02|Current|(1997-    )|Passenger compartment air conditioning/ventilation systems||Includes passenger compartment air-conditioning, cooling, ventilating and air treatment arrangements.|
X21-C20|Current|(1997-    )|Other electric vehicle accessories||Includes electric windows, seats, navigation systems, in-vehicle entertainment systems, etc.|
X21-D|Current|(1997-    )|Electric connectors and wiring installations|X21-A01|See V04 codes for electric connectors and X12-G04 codes for common installation features like wiring clamps.|
X21-E|Current|(1997-    )|Electric switches|X21-A01|Includes all switches associated with electric vehicles. See also V03 codes. See U21 for electronic switching.|
X21-F|Current|(1997-    )|Lights||See also X26 for more details.|
X21-H|Current|(2002-    )|Steering systems||Includes electric steering arrangements and automatic steering.|Power steering, automatic steering
X21-J|Retired|(2012-2012)|Servicing and testing*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X21-X16 from 201301, but remains searchable for 2012 patents. Includes electric vehicle maintenance and servicing equipment. For arrangements for exchanging depleted battery with fully charged one, see X21-B01E instead.|
X21-K|Current|(2010-    )|Multiplexing/networking/communications|X21-X|Includes all multiplexing, networking and communications systems present in an electric vehicle (intra-vehicle), as well as communication between electric vehicles (inter-vehicle), and between vehicles and the roadside. Includes electric vehicle telephones and handsfree systems (see also W01 codes).|Data transmission, LAN, local area network, WAN, wide area network, Bluetooth, CAN bus, controlled area network, bus, ethernet, VAN, UART, universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
X21-M|Current|(2012-    )|Suspension systems and control||Includes electrical control of mechanical springs and dampers, electrical springs and dampers. For electrical suspension control of IC engine vehicle refer X22-M only|
X21-N|Current|(2012-    )|Noise/vibration/Harshness reduction||Includes all electrical details of arrangements to reduce noise, vibration and harshness in the vehicle. For mechanical NVH reduction see Q17-N instead.|
X21-U|Current|(2005-    )|Electric vehicle rental, hiring and sharing systems||Includes overall system associated with electric vehicle hiring and rental with some on-board vehicle aspect, e.g. enabling user to book vehicle on-line (see T01-N and T01-J05 codes) while central controller provides authorisation and remote access to allocated vehicle. Also includes car pooling arrangements with some on-board vehicle aspect.|
X21-X|Current|(1997-    )|Other electric vehicle features|X21-A01|Includes electrically operated fork assembly on forklift truck (also see X21-A01B and X25-F05A for forklift per se).|
X21-X16|Current|(2013-    )|Electric vehicle maintenance and testing||Includes electric vehicle servicing equipment. See X21-B01E for battery exchange equipment. Also includes arrangements for testing electric vehicle systems. See X21-J instead from 2012-2013.|
X21-X20|Current|(2013-    )|Electric vehicle design/manufacture/assembly||Includes electric details of design, manufacture and assembly of electric/hybrid vehicles and their components. See X25-X14 for manufacturing/assembly plant per se. Also includes systems for dismantling vehicle to enable recycling of materials (see also X25-W04). See X16-M and X21-B01 codes also for recycling of batteries and their materials. See T01-J15 codes for computerised design.|
X22|Current||Automotive electrics|||
X22-A|Current||For internal combustion engines|||
X22-A01|Current||Ignition||Includes spark modification arrangement; obtaining ignition using laser.|
X22-A01A|Current||Ignition systems (using)||Includes ignition coil and cable; accessories e.g. connectors.|
X22-A01A1|Current||Magneto- or dynamo-electric generators without subsequent storage|||
X22-A01A2|Current||Inductive energy storage|||
X22-A01A3|Current|(1987-    )|Glow plug heating|X22-A01A9||Diesel engine, compression ignition
X22-A01A5|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic ignition disablement|X22-A01A9|Includes disabling ignition e.g. after crash to prevent fire (also see X22-A01A7). Ignition disablement for anti-theft purposes is covered by X22-A08C only.|
X22-A01A7|Current|(1992-    )|Safety|X22-A01A9||
X22-A01A9|Current||Other ignition systems||Includes capacitive energy storage; ignition noise reduction circuits (see W02-H also). For ignition noise reduction associated with spark plugs, see X22-A01E1J.|RFI suppression
X22-A01B|Current||Advancing or retarding ignition|||Ignition control, ignition timing, preignition
X22-A01B1|Current|(1983-    )|Dependent on knock detection|||Pinking or detonation detection
X22-A01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Advancing|||
X22-A01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Retarding|||
X22-A01C|Current||Distributors; circuit makers/breakers; pick-up devices|||
X22-A01C1|Current|(1992-    )|Distributors||See V04-L09 for distributors in general.|Distributor rotor, distributor cap
X22-A01C2|Current|(1992-    )|Circuit-makers or -breakers|||
X22-A01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Pick-up devices||Pick-up devices, e.g. sensor wheel in distributor, adapted to sense particular points of timing cycle. For sensing points of timing cycle, e.g. using cam shaft sensor, see X22-A05C instead.|
X22-A01D|Current||Testing ignition installations or timing||Includes ignition mis-fire detection. See also S02-J01A.|Strobes, timing light
X22-A01E|Current||Spark and glow plugs||Includes plasma plugs; connectors; covers.|
X22-A01E1|Current|(1987-    )|Spark plugs|||Spark gaps, discharge
X22-A01E1A|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes|||
X22-A01E1C|Current|(1992-    )|Insulators|||Ceramic
X22-A01E1E|Current|(1992-    )|Manufacture|||
X22-A01E1G|Current|(1992-    )|Ignition coil/spark plug combinations|||
X22-A01E1J|Current|(1992-    )|Ignition noise reduction/spark plug combination|||
X22-A01E3|Current|(2006-    )|Glow plugs||Includes glow plugs for pre-heating compression ignition diesel engines (see also X22-A20C).|
X22-A02|Current||Fuel systems|||
X22-A02A|Current|(1983-    )|Fuel injection apparatus|||Electromagnets, injectors, piezoelectric, ultrasonic, common rail, direct injection
X22-A02A1|Current|(2005-    )|Fuel injection valve||Includes atomiser, EM fuel injection valve (also see V02 codes, e.g. V02-E02A1 for electromagnetic valve per se), and injectors.|Electromagnetic, piezoelectric, EM, valve, atomiser
X22-A02A3|Current|(2005-    )|Common rail arrangements||Includes fuel injection systems using a common rail fuel assembly. Also see X22-A20C for diesel engine applications.|Common rail
X22-A02A5|Current|(2005-    )|Non-diesel direct injection||Includes direct injection arrangements, e.g. for use in petrol engine.|Homogeneous, stratified, direct
X22-A02B|Current|(1987-    )|Fuel filters and heaters|X22-A02, X22-A09||Diesel fuel heaters, electric heaters, PTC element, preheaters
X22-A02C|Current|(1987-    )|Carburettors|||Atomisers
X22-A02D|Current|(1987-    )|Fuel pumps||See X22-A03A3 for fuel pump control.|
X22-A02E|Current|(1992-    )|Fuel vapour recovery system; fuel purging||See X22-A03A4 for fuel purging control.|
X22-A02F|Current|(2005-    )|Fuel additive/treatment systems||Fuel additive/treatments to improve combustion. Includes water/steam injection and fuel ionising arrangements.|Steam, water, magnetic, ultrasonic, economiser
X22-A02R|Current|(2013-    )|Fuel pressure regulator||Includes electronic pressure regulators and electomagnetic valves for controlling fuel pressure. Also see X22-A02A3 if regulator is used in a common rail fuel system.|
X22-A03|Current||Control|||
X22-A03A|Current||Fuel|||
X22-A03A1|Current|(1983-    )|Fuel-injection|||Valve controllers
X22-A03A1A|Current|(1992-    )|Injection timing|||
X22-A03A1C|Current|(1992-    )|Injection quantity|||
X22-A03A2|Current||Air-fuel ratio; exhaust gas recirculation|||
X22-A03A2A|Current|(1992-    )|Air-fuel ratio|||Mixture control
X22-A03A2C|Current|(1992-    )|Exhaust gas recirculation|||EGR
X22-A03A3|Current|(1997-    )|Fuel pump control|X22-A02D, X22-A03A|See X22-A02D for fuel pumps, per se.|
X22-A03A4|Current|(1997-    )|Fuel purging control|X22-A02E, X22-A03A|See X22-A02E for fuel purging systems, per se.|
X22-A03A5|Current|(2013-    )|Fuel pressure regulation||Includes fuel pressure regulator control to limit high pressure of fuel. For novel fuel pressure regulators per se, see X22-A02R. For fuel pump control see X22-A03A3 instead.|
X22-A03B|Current|(1983-    )|Speed|X22-A03X|Includes throttle valve and air control.|
X22-A03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Cruise control|X22-A03B, X22-G|This code is used for general cruise control systems either on its own or in conjunction with X22-G03A (transmission based cruise control) or X22-C02D4 (brake based cruise control). Includes inter-vehicle distance or vehicle spacing/separation control, e.g. using radar distance sensing (see also W06-A04 codes).|Adaptive cruise control
X22-A03B1A|Current|(1992-    )|By throttle control||Includes the use of servomechanisms operated electrically or fluidically.|
X22-A03B1C|Current|(2007-    )|Active cruise control||Includes adaptive cruise control and inter-vehicle distance or vehicle spacing/separation control, e.g. using radar distance sensing (see also W06-A04 codes).|Automatic distance regulation, ADR
X22-A03B2|Current|(1992-    )|Electronic throttle control||Includes 'drive-by-wire' type controllers e.g. using servomotors to control throttle position.|
X22-A03B3|Current|(1992-    )|Idling speed control|||
X22-A03B5|Current|(1992-    )|Exhaust braking control|||Engine braking
X22-A03C|Current|(1987-    )|Turbocharging, supercharging|X22-A03X||
X22-A03D|Current|(1987-    )|Power|X22-A03X|Includes multicylinder in/out of operation control.|Load control, multi-cylinder switching, torque
X22-A03D1|Current|(1992-    )|Traction control||Used alone or in conjunction with X22-C02C1, or X22-G03B depending on variable being controlled.|Wheel slip control, ASR
X22-A03E|Current|(1987-    )|Stop-start|X22-A03X|Includes automatically stopping engine while waiting at level crossing to reduce fuel consumption.|
X22-A03F|Current|(1992-    )|Complete engine management||Includes, generally by using a computer, simultaneous control of several aspects of the IC engine e.g. ignition, fuelling, EGR, etc. Also includes integrated engine/transmission control. See also X22-G.|
X22-A03F1|Retired|(1992-1996)|Fuzzy control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X22-A03K. It is still searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 1996.|
X22-A03G|Current|(1992-    )|Inlet/outlet valve control|X22-A03X|Includes control of intake and exhaust valve timing. Also includes cam control in which multiple, selectable cam lobes can be selected to adjust valve timing, deviation and lift.|
X22-A03H|Current|(1997-    )|Temperature control|X22-A03X||
X22-A03I|Current|(2005-    )|Swirl control||Includes control of air motion in combustion chamber e.g. to enable stratified or ultra-lean burn combustion.|
X22-A03J|Current|(1997-    )|Pollution control|X22-A03A, X22-A03X, X22-A07|Exhaust gas recirculation and cleaning systems, per se are in X22-A07.|
X22-A03K|Current|(1997-    )|Fuzzy control||Fuzzy logic systems per se are covered by T01-J16B where novel technology details are given. See X22-A03F1 codes for records from 1992 to 1996. See also X22-Q for fuzzy control applied to non-engine systems.|
X22-A03L|Current|(1997-    )|Secondary air control|X22-A03B, X22-A03X|Includes secondary air introduction control for air intake and exhaust passages. It is used on its own or together with other relevant codes e.g. X22-A03J if secondary air control is performed with a view to reducing pollutants.|
X22-A03W|Current|(2006-    )|Engine-related by-wire control||Includes engine-based by-wire controllers not covered elsewhere. Drive-by-wire for vehicle/engine speed control is coded in X22-A03B2 instead. See X22-W for general non-engine based by-wire control. Also see X22-K codes for novel vehicle networking/communications systems that enable the by-wire control.|
X22-A03X|Current||Other IC engine control aspects||Includes vibration suppression control.|
X22-A04|Current|(1983-    )|Starting motors|X22-A09|Includes motor per se and associated gearing. See X11 for further details of high power motors. Starter solenoid is included in X22-A08 only. For combined starter/generator also see X22-F02 and X11-H20 (or X13-G20 for starter/generator control).|
X22-A05|Current|(1983-    )|Engine related measurements and sensors|X22-A09|Only includes on-board measurement or off-board diagnostics interfacing with on-board system. General measurement systems are included in section S, and vehicle testing systems are coded in S02-J. Includes electrical sensors per se as well as their mounting arrangements.|
X22-A05A|Current|(1983-    )|Knock detectors, pressure, vibration|X22-A09|See also S02-F codes for further details. Includes combustion chamber pressure measurement.|
X22-A05A1|Retired|(1992-2004)|Ambient pressure*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X22-A05A4, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2004.|
X22-A05A2|Current|(2005-    )|Knock detection||Includes pinking and pre-ignition detection.|
X22-A05A3|Retired|(1992-2004)|Negative pressure*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X22-A05A4, but remains searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 2004.|
X22-A05A4|Current|(2005-    )|Pressure detection||Includes detection of both ambient and negative pressure.|
X22-A05A6|Current|(2005-    )|Vibration/noise detection|||
X22-A05B|Current|(1983-    )|Gas sensors|X22-A09|See also S03-E03 codes for gas sensors per se.|Exhaust gas, oxygen, lambda, air, emissions, CO, Nox
X22-A05C|Current|(1987-    )|Engine rotation or speed sensors; TDC position sensors||For ignition point sensing see X22-A01C3.|Crankshaft angle/position, rpm counter
X22-A05D|Current|(1987-    )|Fuel, gas and air flow sensors|||
X22-A05E|Current|(1992-    )|Throttle position sensor|X22-A09||
X22-A05F|Current|(1992-    )|Temperature|||
X22-A05F1|Current|(1992-    )|Exhaust|||
X22-A05F3|Current|(1992-    )|Engine|||
X22-A05G|Current|(1992-    )|Engine torque|||
X22-A05H|Current|(1992-    )|Multi-fuel proportion measuring|||
X22-A05L|Current|(2012-    )|Fuel/oil level sensing||Includes fuel and oil level sensors. For dashboard warning of fuel/oil level see X22-E01A and X22-E01C respectively.|
X22-A05N|Current|(2005-    )|Engine related diagnostics||Includes diagnostic devices interfacing with engine management system.|
X22-A05X|Current|(1992-    )|IC engine measurements/sensors - other|||
X22-A06|Current|(1987-    )|Air treatment; Air filter|X22-A09|From 2009 the scope of this code has been widened to include all electrical aspects of intake air treatment and filtering, such as: air filters with integral clogging detectors (see also X22-A05X for clogging detection and maybe X22-E10 and X22-E01 for driver warning); and e.g. photochemical treatment of intake air with UV light to create ozone to improve combustion. Control of intake air flow using a standard throttle valve should instead be coded in X22-A03B instead under speed control. For novel mechanical aspects of intake air treatment and filtering see Q51-H05 and Q17-E codes.|
X22-A07|Current|(1987-    )|Catalytic converters, exhaust gas cleaning|X22-A09|Includes pollution reduction hardware such as particle burner; exhaust gas particle trap clogging detector; exhaust gas recirculating valve and system. For control of EGR, see X22-A03A2C. For pollution control see X22-A03J instead.|Filters, catalysts, electric heaters, EGR, valve
X22-A08|Current|(1987-    )|Starters, ignition switches, relays|X22-A09|Includes starter solenoid. Further details of switches and relays are in V03-C and V03-D. Novel gearing and starter motors per se are coded in X22-A04. X22-A08 can also be applied to indicate "engine starting" when dealing with engine control patents, where the control is specifically implemented while trying to start an engine.|Solenoids
X22-A08A|Current|(1992-    )|Remote IC engine starting|||
X22-A08C|Current|(1997-    )|IC engine immobiliser||For general anti-theft devices see X22-X03.|
X22-A09|Current||Other IC engine aspects||Includes lubricating; engine braking; etc.|Exhaust braking
X22-A10|Current|(1992-    )|Engine cooling|X22-A09||Fans, pumps
X22-A11|Current|(1992-    )|Inlet/exhaust valves|X22-A09||
X22-A12|Current|(1992-    )|Engine noise/vibration reduction and damping|X22-A09|Includes active noise and vibration suppression devices such as electrically controlled engine mounts. See X22-A03X for general engine noise/vibration control. See W04-V07 codes also for active audible noise cancelling.|
X22-A13|Current|(1992-    )|External heating to assist starting||Includes electric resistance heater built into engine block or off-board heater slid under engine block, both powered by e.g. off-board mains supply.|
X22-A14|Current|(1992-    )|Turbo- and super-charger||Turbo- and super-charger control is coded in X22-A03C only.|
X22-A15|Current|(1992-    )|Intake air heaters; engine/cooling water heaters|X22-A09||
X22-A16|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicle engine servicing equipment||Includes electrical aspects of oil change/reconditioning apparatus. Includes on-board systems that burn dirty oil in combustion chamber and replenish engine with clean oil.|Oil change
X22-A17|Current|(2010-    )|Waste heat recovery|X22-A09|Includes engine exhaust heat recovery systems, e.g. for passenger compartment heating. See X22-F03 also if exhaust heat is being converted into auxiliary supply of electric power.|
X22-A20|Current|(1992-    )|Type of engine||This code relates to type w.r.t fuel used. Petrol- and indeterminate fuel-types are NOT covered.|
X22-A20A|Current|(1992-    )|Mixed fuel||Includes e.g. alcohol and petrol dual fuel type engines. Also includes engines combusting e.g. petrol and oxyhydrogen (HHO).|Brown's gas
X22-A20C|Current|(1992-    )|Diesel|||
X22-A20E|Current|(1997-    )|Single unconventional fuel||Includes e.g. alcohol burning engines and bio-fuel engines.|
X22-A20E1|Current|(2007-    )|Gaseous fuels||Includes engines running on LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), natural gas, hydrogen or liquid nitrogen. (See X21 codes for vehicles using hydrogen in a fuel cell arrangement). See Q51-D07A for mechanical aspects of gaseous fuelled engines.|
X22-A20E3|Current|(2007-    )|Bio fuels; Alcohol||Includes engines running on free fatty acid methyl ester ("bio diesel") or alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. See Q51-D07C for mechanical aspects of bio fuel/alcohol fuelled IC engines.|
X22-A20G|Current|(2010-    )|Air||Includes engines that are capable of being driven completely or partially by compressed air.|
X22-A20T|Current|(2007-    )|Two-stroke||Includes IC engines operating on two-stoke cycle, e.g. used in moped (see also X22-P02).|2-stroke
X22-A20X|Current|(2011-    )|Other engines||Includes implosion engines using e.g. HHO (Brown's gas) made e.g. from electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen which when combusted contracts to suck up piston rather than push it down.|
X22-B|Current||Lighting or signalling||See also X26 for further details. Vehicle lamp circuitry and mounting arrangements are coded in X22 only.|
X22-B01|Current||Main lights|||Headlamps, light control, fault detection, fog lamps
X22-B01A|Current|(1987-    )|Bulbs||Includes novel light sources such as headlight bulbs per se.|
X22-B01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Discharge lamps||Includes Xenon and High Intensity Discharge (HID) tubes. See also X26-A codes.|
X22-B01A3|Current|(1992-    )|Incandescent lamps||See also X26-B codes.|Halogen lamps
X22-B01A5|Current|(2008-    )|LEDs||Includes novel light emitting diodes used for vehicle headlamps. See also U12-A01 codes and X26-H for LEDs per se.|
X22-B01B|Current|(1987-    )|Fixtures||Includes lenses; reflectors; bulb holders.|Parabolic reflectors, sockets
X22-B01C|Current|(1987-    )|Washers|||
X22-B01D|Current|(1987-    )|Switches||See also V03 codes for mechanical switches per se. Electronic switching is covered by U21 only.|
X22-B01E|Current|(1992-    )|Position control||Includes mechanical and motorised arrangements for adjusting headlamp position, and controlling movement of e.g. reflector to adjust headlamp aim e.g. to follow curve as vehicle negotiates a bend. See also X26-L.|Tilt control, aim, direction
X22-B01F|Current|(2002-    )|Headlight control circuitry||Includes control of headlamp or front fog/driving lamp illumination and automatic dimming.|
X22-B02|Current||Indicators||For indicating intention or presence of vehicle to other road users.|
X22-B02A|Current||Turning and braking indicators||From 2005, direction and braking indicators are separated, with turning indicators transferred to X22-B02D and braking indicators remaining in X22-B02A. Prior to 2005, X22-B02A remains searchable for both turning and braking indicators.|Switches, centre, high level brake lamp, stop lamp
X22-B02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Slowing/accelerating indication||Includes activation of vehicle brake lights in response to driver removing foot from accelerator pedal. See X22-B02A for brake lighting in response to depression of brake pedal.|Slowing, decelerating, accelerating
X22-B02A2|Current|(2002-    )|Indicating level of braking intensity||Includes selective illumination of array of LEDs to indicate braking severity.|
X22-B02B|Current|(2005-    )|Fixtures||Includes reflectors, lenses and bulb holders (see also X26-D01 codes).|Lens, reflector, refractor, diffuser, filter
X22-B02D|Current|(2005-    )|Turning/direction indicators||See X22-B02A for records prior to 2005.|Switches, direction, flasher, repeater, indicator
X22-B02R|Current|(2005-    )|Reversing indicators||Includes reversing lights and audible reversing warnings.|Backing, reverse, beep
X22-B02X|Current||Vehicle indicator arrangements - other||Includes side lights, tail lights, hazard lights and warning lights. Reversing lamps and novel fixtures such as reflectors, are coded also in X22-B02R and X22-B02B respectively, from 2005.|
X22-B03|Current||Interior lighting; horns; portable emergency signal devices|||
X22-B03A|Retired|(1992-2004)|Audible reversing warning*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X22-B02R from 2005 onwards. It remains searchable and valid for records up to 2004.|
X22-B03B|Current|(2005-    )|Interior lighting||Includes courtesy lights, dashboard lights and lighting for other compartments such as vehicle boot.|
X22-B03E|Current|(2005-    )|Emergency signalling devices||Includes portable emergency services flashing lights and emergency sirens; search- or spot-light mounted on vehicle roof and electrical details of warning triangle (see also T07-X) to be placed on the road before scene of an accident or broken down vehicle. For mechanical details of emergency sgnalling devices see Q14-C05 instead.|
X22-B03H|Current|(2005-    )|Horns||For mechanical details of vehicle horns see Q14-C04 instead.|
X22-B05|Current|(1992-    )|Illuminated display for other drivers||Includes illuminated number plates and displays conveying e.g. "Thank You", "Assistance required" or other messages, e.g. to help diffuse road rage situation. Also includes illuminated hub caps and decorative emblems and displays for advertising. (See also W05-E03A codes).|Bus destination sign, illuminated licence plate, number plate, emblem, decoration, advertisement
X22-B09|Current||Vehicle lighting arrangements - other||Includes general use light switches and door-lock lights. Also includes illumination not intended to warn other road users of vehicle presence/intentions, such as flood light to warn driver of puddle when exiting vehicle.|
X22-C|Retired|(1980-1996)|Braking, steering*||*This code is now discontinued; the 'braking' aspect of the code is transferred to X22-C02 from 1997 onwards but remains valid and searchable for documents from 1980 to 1996. The 'steering' aspect of the code is valid and remains searchable for records from 1980 to 1982. However, since 1983 steering systems have been located in X22-C05, which will remain in force.|Hand brakes, dual-circuit, servo, steering
X22-C01|Retired|(1983-1996)|Anti-skid and anti-lock arrangements*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X22-C02C from 1997 onwards. It is still searchable and valid for records from 1983 to 1996.|Modulating brake pressure
X22-C01A|Retired|(1992-1996)|Braking for traction control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X22-C02C1 from 1997 onwards. It is still searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 1996. This code was previously used either on its own or in conjunction with X22-A03D1 and X22-G01B. It normally included sensing of wheel acceleration to control braking.|ASR, traction control braking, anti-slip braking
X22-C01B|Retired|(1992-1996)|Anti-lock braking*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X22-C02C3 from 1997 onwards. It is still searchable and valid for records from 1992 to 1996. It previously included sensing of wheel deceleration to control braking pressure.|ABS, anti-lock braking
X22-C02|Current|(1997-    )|Braking|X22-C|See X22-C for records from 1980-1996. See Q18-A codes for mechanical aspects of vehicle brake systems.|
X22-C02A|Current|(1997-    )|Parking brakes|X22-C|Includes electrical aspects of hand brakes and foot actuated parking brakes. See X22-G codes also for transmission based parking brakes. See X22-C for records from 1980-1996.|
X22-C02C|Current|(1997-    )|Braking force controller|X22-C, X22-C01|See X22-C and X22-C01 for records from 1983 to 1996.|
X22-C02C1|Current|(1997-    )|Anti-slip brake regulation|X22-C01A|This code is used either on its own or in conjunction with X22-A03D1 and X22-G03B. Normally includes sensing of wheel acceleration to control braking force for the wheel that has lost its grip. See X22-C01A for records from 1992 to 1996.|ASR, traction control braking
X22-C02C3|Current|(1997-    )|Anti-lock brake system|X22-C01B|Normally includes sensing of wheel deceleration to control braking pressure to then prevent any wheel from locking. See X22-C01B for records from 1992 to 1996.|ABS, anti-skid braking system
X22-C02C5|Current|(2005-    )|Electronic stability control|X22-C02C|Includes control of braking to enhance vehicle stability, e.g. to control vehicle yaw. See X22-M for vehicle suspension based electronic stability control.|
X22-C02C7|Current|(2002-    )|Brake-by-wire|||
X22-C02D|Current|(1997-    )|Automatic brake initiation|X22-C, X22-C01|Involves braking without any driver intervention. See X22-C for records from 1980 to 1996.|
X22-C02D1|Current|(1997-    )|Collision prevention|X22-C|See also X22-J05 codes. See X22-C for records from 1980 to 1996.|
X22-C02D1A|Current|(2013-    )|Brake safety||Includes arrangements for detecting inadvertant depression of accelerator pedal instead of brake pedal and automatically applying brakes in response. For novel pedal position sensing see X22-X06L.|
X22-C02D2|Current|(1997-    )|Automatic hill stop brake||Includes brake that is released when the clutch or accelerator pedal is depressed. See X22-C for records from 1980 to 1996.|
X22-C02D3|Current|(1997-    )|Theft prevention|X22-C|See also X22-X03. See X22-C for records from 1980 to 1996.|
X22-C02D4|Current|(2002-    )|Cruise control||Includes brake activation to maintain distance between vehicles.|Automatic distance regulation, ADR, adaptive cruise control, radar, anti-collision
X22-C02X|Current|(2012-    )|Other braking arrangements|||
X22-C05|Current|(1983-    )|Steering||Includes electrical aspects of steering wheel details. See Q18-B codes for mechanical aspects of vehicle steering systems.|
X22-C05A|Current|(1992-    )|Power steering||Includes speed responsive power-assisted steering. Includes motor/gearing arrangements and power steering control.|Power assist
X22-C05A1|Current|(1992-    )|Four-wheel||Includes electrical aspects only. See Q18-B09 instead for mechanical passive four wheel steering systems.|
X22-C05A3|Current|(2002-    )|Steer-by-wire|||
X22-C05A3A|Current|(2005-    )|Steering feedback/'feel' control||Includes arrangements for controlling e.g. torque feedback to steering wheel to improve or adjust driver 'feel', e.g. due to lack of mechanical linkage between wheels and steering wheel.|Feel, feedback
X22-C05B|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic steering||See T06-B01A, and T07-D01 codes.|
X22-C05C|Current|(1992-    )|Displays, controls, switches, etc||Includes connectors also when specifically used with steering system. See also X22-X01A.|
X22-D|Current||Lockable switches; locks; theft alarms||Includes key, and lock heaters for de-icing.|
X22-D01|Old|(1992-2012)|Locks||Includes electrically-operated central locks. Also includes door lock heaters (see also X25-B codes for electric heating per se, and possibly X22-J02C prior to 2007). See Q14-H01 for mechanical aspects of vehicle locks.|
X22-D01|Current|(2013-    )|Locks and keys||Includes electrically-operated central locks. Also includes door lock heaters (see also X25-B codes for electric heating per se, and possibly X22-J02C prior to 2007). See Q14-H01 for mechanical aspects of vehicle locks.|
X22-D01A|Current|(1997-    )|Remote-controlled|||
X22-D01A1|Current|(2005-    )|Remote-controlled||Includes radio control. Also see W05-D codes for remote control aspects.|Radio-controlled, IR, infrared, remote-locking
X22-D01A2|Current|(2005-    )|Keyless entry||Includes use of radio frequency (RF) transponders for keyless door (un)locking (see also T04-K03B and W06-A04B and W02-G05B codes as appropriate).|
X22-D01A2A|Current|(2005-    )|Biometric access||Includes fingerprint and voice recognition or retinal scanning (see also S05-D01C5A).|
X22-D01A2C|Current|(2005-    )|Card/keypad access||Includes smart/magnetic strip card reader or keypad code entry devices (also see T04 codes).|
X22-D02|Current|(1992-    )|Switches||Includes lockable cover of switch panel.|
X22-D03|Current|(1992-    )|Theft alarms||See also W05-B codes.|
X22-D03A|Current|(2005-    )|Theft alarms||Includes audible and visual alarms (see also W05-B01 codes), e.g. sirens or flashing vehicle hazard lights (see also X22-B codes).|
X22-D03C|Current|(2005-    )|Theft monitoring||Includes remote monitoring/indication of vehicle theft, e.g. to central station or vehicle owner (see also W05-B05 codes). Also includes GPS tracking of stolen vehicle (see also W06-A03A5 codes). For in-car camera systems capturing image of thief for on-board recording or remote transmission, see also W02-F01 codes.|
X22-E|Current||Instrumentation for dashboard||Includes touch-sensitive screens (see also T04-F codes). Also includes internal display for passengers e.g. in a bus indicating approaching stops (see also T07-A05D). For more details about general instrumentation for vehicles, section S codes must be searched. For example, S01-G06 for battery charge indicator, S02-G codes for speed sensors, S02-J codes for brake and transmission testing, and S02-K06 for recording or indicating in general. Also includes control of all information/warnings presented to driver according to driving situation, e.g. to prioritise important warnings and prevent driver from being distracted by display of minor warnings during emergency situations. For mechanical aspects of dashboard construction or mechanical instrumentation, see Q17-A11 instead.|Displays, panels, instruments
X22-E01|Current|(1983-    )|Engine performance and operation indicators|||
X22-E01A|Current|(1992-    )|Fuel||Includes specific fuel consumption; filter clogging, fuel contamination, level.|
X22-E01B|Current|(1992-    )|Temperature||Includes engine radiator/coolant temperature.|
X22-E01C|Current|(1992-    )|Oil||Includes pressure, level, contamination.|
X22-E02|Current|(1983-    )|Brakes, tyres, transmission|||
X22-E02A|Current|(1992-    )|Brakes||Includes brake wear indicator, brake oil contamination and level indicators, parking brake failure detector.|
X22-E02B|Current|(1992-    )|Wheels and tyres||Includes tyre pressure measurement (see also S02-F04C1A).|
X22-E02C|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission||Includes gear change indication.|
X22-E02D|Current|(2005-    )|Steering||Includes indication of information directly relating to vehicle steering system, e.g. steering angle display. For indication of failure of steering angle sensor also see X22-E10 and X22-X06H. This code is not used for general displays mounted on steering wheel. E.g. for speedometer mounted on steering wheel, see X22-E05 and X22-C05C only.|
X22-E03|Old|(1987-2005)|Battery charging indicators||From 2006 this code has been expanded to include all vehicle battery warning/indicating aspects. Includes indication of remaining battery capacity (see also S01-G06A and X16-H01), or battery charging/discharging indication. Also includes warning that battery is connected to off-board charger, to prevent vehicle driving off while connected.|
X22-E03|Current|(2006-    )|Battery charging/condition indicators||From 2006 this code has been expanded to include all vehicle battery warning/indicating aspects. See X22-E and X22-F01 codes prior to 2006. Includes indication of remaining battery capacity (see also S01-G06A and X16-H01), or battery charging/discharging indication. Also includes warning that battery is connected to off-board charger, to prevent vehicle driving off while connected.|
X22-E04|Old|(1987-2013)|Driver alertness alarms||Includes driver reflexes/breath tester.|Intoxication detectors, drowsiness detectors
X22-E04|Current|(2014-    )|Driver alertness alarms; driving behaviour sensing/warning||From 2014 this code has been expanded to include all driver/driving behaviour/condition analysis and warning. Includes driver reflexes/breath tester up to 201382.|
X22-E04A|Current|(2014-    )|Driver alertness alarms/tester||Includes driver reflexes/breath tester, e.g. for preventing driver from driving vehicle if drunk or under the influence of drugs.|Intoxication detectors, drowsiness detectors
X22-E04D|Current|(2014-    )|Driver/driving behaviour analysis||Includes systems for monitoring driving behaviour, especially of young persons, e.g. to enable reduction in price of car insurance when safer driving is confirmed.|
X22-E05|Current|(1987-    )|Vehicle or engine speed; mileage indicators||Includes tachographs (see T05-G also); rpm counter. Accident data recorders which give more details like acceleration, brake application, etc. are coded in X22-E12.|Odometers, milometers, taximeters, tachometer
X22-E06|Current|(1987-    )|Navigational aids||See W06-A and S02-B08 codes also for general navigation systems. Information processing aspects of vehicle guidance systems are covered by T01-J07D3.|Vehicle position sensors, information display, direction indicators, head-up display, HUD
X22-E06A|Current|(1992-    )|Using dead reckoning systems||Includes use of map information stored in e.g. CD-ROM, and compass and wheel turn angle sensors.|
X22-E06B|Current|(1992-    )|Using GPS|||
X22-E06C|Current|(1992-    )|Using roadside beacons|||
X22-E06D|Current|(1992-    )|Using combination of methods||From 2002, W06-A08 is no longer applied for combination navigation systems specifically for motor vehicles.|
X22-E06F|Current|(2002-    )|Navigation information updating system||Includes system for updating map information e.g. for area in which vehicle travels, using information from offboard centre. Also used when off-board traffic centre provides driver with alternative route to destination to avoid congestion/accident (see also X22-E11, T07-G01 and T07-A05C codes).|
X22-E07|Current|(1992-    )|Head-up display||Includes general projection displays, e.g. for head-up display of current vehicle speed (see also X22-E05) or head-up display of e.g. navigational data (see also X22-E06). See also W04-Q01K for head-up video displays.|Projection, windscreen, head-up
X22-E08|Current|(1992-    )|Radar surveillance detector||See W06-A04E3C also.|
X22-E09|Current|(1992-    )|TV camera for all round view||Only used when camera image is presented to driver. For video image recognition of e.g. road signs or obstacles, see X22-E13A only. Also see W04-M01 codes for novel video cameras per se, and W02-F01E for CCTV systems where image is presented to driver.|
X22-E09A|Current|(2006-    )|For external view||Includes rear-view reversing cameras and 'enhanced' or 'assisted' vision cameras/displays, such as IR imagers for assisting driver when driving at night or in poor weather conditions (see also W07-G and W04-M01E codes as appropriate). Also see W02-F01E for vehicle external view CCTV system.|
X22-E09C|Current|(2006-    )|For internal view||Includes video camera for enabling driver to view interior of vehicle, e.g. to enable bus driver (also see X22-P05A) to see if passenger wants to alight or to monitor vandalism. Can also be used for anti-theft purposes, e.g. to capture image of thief inside vehicle (see also X22-D03C).|
X22-E10|Current|(1992-    )|Service-need/general accessories malfunction displays||Includes faulty lights, oil-change alarms, etc. For indicating faults/problems with any onboard systems.|
X22-E11|Old|(1992-2012)|Traffic management/driver information radar||Includes presentation of all types of traffic information to driver (see also T07-G01 for offboard traffic information provision aspects).|
X22-E11|Current|(2013-    )|Traffic management/driver information systems||Includes presentation of all types of traffic, weather and road information to driver (see also T07-G codes for offboard traffic and weather information provision aspects). See X22-E06F instead for systems for updating vehicle navigational route information.|Congestion, accident, flood, pot hole, road surface repairs
X22-E12|Current|(1997-    )|Accident data recorder|X22-E05|Includes automatic recording of speed, acceleration, brake application, direction indicator position, headlight on/off status, etc. Tachographs are still coded in X22-E05.|ADR
X22-E13|Current|(1997-    )|Collision-imminence warning/alarm|X22-E|Includes lane deviation or crossing alarms, and distance to obstacle indicator (see also X22-X06 codes). For systems detecting imminence of collision, see X22-J05 codes. For systems preventing collision by e.g. automatic brake application, see X22-C or other appropriate codes.|Road marking sensor, lane marking sensor, deviation, collision warning display
X22-E13A|Current|(2002-    )|Image recognition||Includes video image recognition of obstacles or road signs, e.g. to identify change of speed limits or hazards, road edges. See also T01-J10B/T04-D codes for image recognition. For systems presenting actual video image of road to driver display, see X22-E09 instead.|
X22-E14|Current|(2002-    )|Warning of approaching emergency vehicle||Includes detection of siren and activation of dashboard light or muting vehicle radio.|Ambulance, police car, fire engine
X22-E99|Current|(2008-    )|Other instrumentation||Includes dashboard instrumentation and warnings not covered previously.|
X22-F|Current||Power supplies; batteries; alternators; charging||Includes solar cell panels.|
X22-F01|Current|(1987-    )|Batteries||Includes vehicle battery, per se. Other battery details are in X16.|Connectors, cut-off switch
X22-F01A|Current|(1987-    )|Charging||Includes chargers per se (see also X16-G) and charging control.|
X22-F01A1|Current|(1992-    )|Jumper cables|||
X22-F01A2|Current|(1992-    )|Off-board chargers|||
X22-F02|Current|(1987-    )|Alternators; dynamos||Includes vehicle alternator per se (with further details in X11); output controllers (see also X13-G02). For combined starter/generator also see X22-A04 and X11-H20 (or X13-G20 for starter/generator control). Also includes dynamos used as a primary power source on bicycles.|Rectifiers, regulators, dynamo, AC generator, DC generator
X22-F03|Current|(1997-    )|Auxiliary Supply||Includes power supply arrangement for external apparatus, e.g. welding equipment, and encompasses additional battery or generator, including roof mounted wind turbines or solar panels (see also X15 codes). Also includes power supply for microprocessor used e.g. for engine or other controllers. Includes power generated from exhaust heat recovery (see Q51-J02F for mechanical details of exhaust heat recovery).|Wind turbine, solar panel, back-up battery
X22-F04|Current|(2002-    )|Vehicle power supply control systems||Includes prioritisation of supply of power to specific or essential vehicle systems.|
X22-F05|Current|(2002-    )|Use of cigar lighter socket as power supply, e.g. for vehicle accessories||Includes kettle, perfume dispenser, portable light and other devices that are powered from cigar lighter socket. Used in conjunction with other X22 and cross-reference codes as appropriate.|
X22-F09|Current|(1997-    )|Power supply or battery circuit disablement; switches|X22-F, X22-X|Includes automatic disabling of power from electrical circuits to prevent fire risk upon sensing of crash. Also includes hidden switches for power cut-off for anti-theft purposes.|
X22-G|Current|(1983-    )|Power train||Includes power take-off arrangements used to drive auxiliary devices. Also see X22-P09 and X25 for tractor power take-off.|
X22-G01|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission/clutch/gear systems||Includes electrical aspects of powertrain hardware such as novel solenoid valves used in the hydraulic system, electric aspects of differentials (See X22-G05 only for four-wheel drive aspects), motor gearing etc. that are used in an unspecified type of transmission system. Use X22-G01C/X22-G01E instead if type of transmission is detailed.|Automatic transmission, manual transmission, CVT, differential
X22-G01A|Retired|(1992-2004)|Cruise control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X22-G03A. It is still searchable and valid for records from 1992-2004. This code is used either on its own or in conjunction with X22-A03B1 or X22-C02D4 depending on variables being controlled.|
X22-G01B|Retired|(1992-2004)|Traction control*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X22-G03B. It is still searchable and valid for records from 1992-2004. This code is used either on its own or in conjunction with X22-A03D1 or X22-C02C1 depending on variables being controlled.|
X22-G01C|Current|(2005-    )|Automatic transmission systems||Includes continuously variable transmission (CVT).|
X22-G01D|Current|(2009-    )|Semi-automatic transmission systems||Includes manually shifted transmissions in which all the operations normally performed by the driver when changing gear are performed by electronically controlled actuator assemblies. Includes clutchless transmissions and paddleshift transmission control arrangements.|
X22-G01E|Current|(2005-    )|Manual transmission|||
X22-G03|Current|(2005-    )|Powertrain/transmission control systems||Includes integral engine/transmission control (also see X22-A03F). Search with T01-J07D1A for microprocessor controlled transmission. See also X22-G01 for records prior to 2005.|
X22-G03A|Current|(2005-    )|Cruise control||This code can be used on its own or in conjunction with X22-A03B1 or X22-C02D4 depending on the variables being controlled. See also X22-G01A for records prior to 2005.|
X22-G03B|Current|(2005-    )|Traction control||This code can be used on its own or in conjunction with X22-A03D1 or X22-C02C1 depending on the variables being controlled. See also X22-G01B for records prior to 2005.|
X22-G03G|Current|(2005-    )|Shift-by-wire||Includes steering wheel mounted gear change arrangements. Paddle-shift.|
X22-G03N|Current|(2005-    )|Transmission noise/vibration/harshness control||Includes arrangements for reducing shift-shock. see also X22-A03F for integral engine/transmission control aspects. See also X22-X08 for passenger compartment noise and vibration reduction in general and X22-A12 for engine noise reduction.|
X22-G05|Current|(1992-    )|Four wheel-drive||Includes electrical aspects of four, six and all wheel drive systems, such as electrically lockable differentials and electrically locking hubs.|
X22-G07|Current|(2012-    )|Lubrication/cooling arrangements||Lubrication and cooling aspects of transmission systems. For mechanical aspects refer to Q13-A20 and Q13-A22|
X22-H|Current|(1983-    )|Window winders|X22-X||Electric window, power window
X22-H01|Current|(1987-    )|Control||See also V06-N.|Control circuits, obstruction detection
X22-H02|Current|(1987-    )|Motors||Includes motors per se. See V06-M codes for further motor details.|
X22-J|Current|(1983-    )|Vehicle accessories|X22-X|Includes electrical aspects of motor vehicle accessories. See Q14 for mechanical details of vehicle accessories.|
X22-J01|Current|(1983-    )|Windscreen wipers|X22-X|Includes screen washers, motors per se and their controllers (with details in V06-M and V06-N). Also includes snow and ice removal e.g. by using vibrators. For rain or moisture sensors see X22-X06E codes and S03-F09, and S03-E codes.|Switches, position detection, washers
X22-J02|Current|(1983-    )|Heating, ventilating, air-conditioning|X22-X|Includes electrical aspects of overall passenger compartment HVAC systems.|Control, motors, temp sensors, fans, blowers
X22-J02A|Current|(1987-    )|Demisters||For windscreens, mirrors. See also X25-B01C1C.|
X22-J02C|Current|(1992-    )|Heating||Includes heating for passenger compartments. See X25-B01 codes for electrical heating per se.|
X22-J02D|Current|(2005-    )|Ventilating||Includes electrical aspects of passenger compartment ventilating. See X22-J02E instead if ventilator/blower is part of an air-conditioning/climate control system. See X22-J03A5 instead for ventilated seats.|
X22-J02E|Current|(1992-    )|Air conditioners||For novel temperature or humidity sensing arrangements see X22-X06X and S03 codes.|Compressors, refrigeration
X22-J02E1|Current|(2005-    )|Climate control|||
X22-J02E3|Current|(2005-    )|Air treatment arrangements||Includes de-odorisers, perfume dispensers and air ionisers etc. Also includes sterilisation arrangements for killing microorganisms, e.g. using UV radiation.|De-odorisers, perfume dispenser, ioniser
X22-J03|Current|(1983-    )|Seats, seat belts|X22-X||Control, motors
X22-J03A|Current|(1992-    )|Seats|||
X22-J03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Heaters|||
X22-J03A2|Current|(1992-    )|Massaging devices|||
X22-J03A3|Current|(2002-    )|Headrest||Includes automatic adjustment of vehicle headrest according to driver preference. From 2005 active head restraints are transferred to X22-J03A3A.|
X22-J03A3A|Current|(2005-    )|Active head restraint||Includes active control of seat headrest to place it in optimum position to protect occupant's head/neck during a collision. Prior to 2005, active head restraints were coded in X22-J03A3 and X22-J11.|
X22-J03A5|Current|(2007-    )|Cooling||Includes ventilating and air-conditioning systems used to cool motor vehicle seats. See X22-J03A and X22-J02 codes prior to 2007.|
X22-J03B|Current|(1992-    )|Belts|||Inertia sensors
X22-J03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Automatic release, retraction|||
X22-J04|Current|(1983-    )|Mirrors|X22-X|Includes mirrors with heaters, loudspeakers, lights, aerials.|Motors, rear-view mirrors, adjusting, wing mirrors, positioning, demisters
X22-J05|Current|(1983-    )|Anti-collision and parking aids|X22-X|These codes are used either on their own or in conjunction with other codes for related anti-collision aspects. The latter include:|
X22-J05A|Current|(1992-    )|Radar systems||For more details on radar see W06-A04.|
X22-J05B|Current|(1992-    )|Sonar systems||See W06-A05 also.|Ultrasonics
X22-J05C|Current|(1992-    )|Optical systems||Includes e.g. laser rangefinder. See W06-A06 codes also.|Lidar
X22-J06|Current|(1983-    )|Lighters|X22-X||Socket, heater coil
X22-J07|Current|(1987-    )|Air bags|X22-J|Includes inflatable side curtains and knee bolsters.|
X22-J08|Current|(1987-    )|Sun visors; sun roof|X22-J|Includes obstruction detection and roof open/close motors.|Controllers, convertible tops, vanity mirror lights
X22-J09|Current|(1992-    )|Sun screens, curtains|X22-J, X22-X||
X22-J10|Current|(1992-    )|Accessories remote starting arrangements|||
X22-J11|Current|(2002-    )|Passenger safety systems||Includes anti-submarining seats, flip-up roll over bars and roll over control arrangements. For airbags and seatbelt pre-tensioners see X22-J07 and X22-J03B1 only. From 2005 active head restraints are coded in X22-J03A3A only. Also includes general passenger safety aspects such as systems preventing driver from using mobile telephone or viewing movie whilst driving.|Fire extinguishers, bumpers
X22-J11A|Current|(2002-    )|Emergency signalling||Includes manually activated signalling and automatic mayday signalling or automatic activation of locating beacon after vehicle accident (also see W06-A01C for vehicle borne locating beacon). Automatically illuminated 'assistance required' sign (also see X22-B05).|
X22-J11B|Current|(2002-    )|Pedestrian protection systems||Includes vehicle mounted apparatus such as exterior bonnet airbag to protect other road users in event of collision.|
X22-J11C|Current|(2010-    )|Vehicle specific clothing||Includes electrical details of all vehicle specific clothing. See X22-P01 and X22-P02 for bicycle and motorcycle wearables. See Q14-C16 for mechanical details of vehicle specific clothing.|Helmets, jackets, gloves, electric heating, LED, lighting, wearable
X22-J12|Old|(2002-2006)|In-car office equipment||Includes e-mail, facsimile equipment powered by vehicle supply and reception of e.g. Internet information. Includes Internet browsing e.g. for downloading local tourist information (also see X22-E06F for downloading map information), restaurant menus and shop opening times or for making hotel reservations and booking tickets.|
X22-J12|Current|(2007-    )|In-car office equipment||Includes e-mail, facsimile equipment powered by vehicle supply and on-board aspects such as novel displays and user interfaces used to view e.g. Internet information. From 2007 general Internet browsing e.g. for downloading local tourist information, map information, restaurant menus and shop opening times or for making hotel reservations and booking tickets, is transferred to X22-K08.|
X22-J13|Current|(2002-    )|In-car entertainment systems||Includes television and games machine powered from vehicle supply. Includes monitors e.g. mounted in rear of headrest (see X22-J03A3 also).|VTR, DVD, TV, MP3, game
X22-J14|Current|(2012-    )|License plates||Includes license plates with RFID transponder (also see W06-A04B and T04-K codes). Illuminated number plates are also codes in X22-B05.|
X22-J15|Current|(2012-    )|Passenger display arrangements||Includes prompter for reminding passenger of approaching destination point, and for reminding passenger to not forget personal items when disembarking.|
X22-J19|Current|(2013-    )|Steps and running boards||Includes automatically controlled retractable steps (see also X22-X19 and S05-K if for disabled person assitance) and illuminated running boards. See Q14-I instead for mechanical details.|
X22-J20|Current|(2010-    )|Vehicle stands, supports, jacks||Includes on-board kick-stands for bicycles or motorcycles (see also X22-P01 or X22-P02 respectively), as well as electrical details of off-board stands and supports for parking cycles. For mechanical details of e.g. cycle stands see Q14-J instead. For parking fee charging details see T05 codes. Also includes electrical details of on-board jacks. See X22-X16 for off-board servicing equipment.|Holder, support, rack, stand, kickstand, parking, lock
X22-J99|Old|(2007-2012)|Other vehicle accessories||Includes electrical accessories not covered elsewhere such as electric steps and refrigerated cool box (see also X27-F codes) powered from cigarette lighter socket (see also X22-F05). See Q14 instead for mechanical vehicle accessories.|Ash tray
X22-J99|Current|(2013-    )|Other vehicle accessories||Includes electrical accessories not covered elsewhere such as refrigerated cool box (see also X27-F codes) powered from cigarette lighter socket (see also X22-F05). See Q14 instead for mechanical vehicle accessories.|Ash tray
X22-K|Old|(1987-2006)|Multiplex control system|X22-X|See W05-D02 also for multiplex control signals transmission; and T01-J07D1B for multiplex control system using microprocessor technology. Includes electric cable/wire and fibre-optic systems.|Data transmission
X22-K|Current|(2007-    )|Multiplexing/networking/communications|X22-X|From 2007 this code has been expanded to include all multiplexing, networking and communication systems present in a vehicle (intra-vehicle), between vehicles (inter-vehicle) and between vehicles and the roadside (for road toll devices, see also X22-X07). See also W05-D codes which cover novel aspects of systems transmitting measurement or control signals, and W01-A06 codes for novel aspects of data networks. See X22-X for general intra/inter-vehicle communications prior to 2007.|Data transmission
X22-K01|Retired|(2007-2008)|Multiplex control system*||*This code is now discontinued and combined with X22-K03 from 2009 onwards since current vehicle networking and multiplexing are essentially the same thing. It is still searchable and valid for records from 2007 to 2009. See W05-D02 also for multiple access and multiplexing control signals transmission, and T01-J07D1B for multiplex control system using microprocessor technology. Used to highlight multiplex control of distributed (electrical) loads via single electric cable/bus and fibre-optic systems.|
X22-K03|Current|(2007-    )|Intra-vehicle networking/multiplexing||Includes in-car high speed, integrated communications networks and multiplexing arrangements for interconnecting various vehicle systems, e.g. using wireless LANs or serial data buses etc. (see also W01 codes), avoiding the need for dedicated point-to-point wiring. For enabling internal communications between previously standalone vehicle control systems such as engine and braking systems.|CAN bus, LAN, Ethernet, wireless
X22-K05|Current|(2007-    )|Inter-vehicle communication||Includes systems such as Bluetooth (RTM) ad-hoc networks for allowing communication between different vehicles, e.g. for passing traffic or navigation data between vehicles (see also X22-E06F), for informing vehicle of presence of nearby vehicles e.g. by transmitting GPS position data between vehicles, or for automatic collision avoidance (see also X22-J05 codes) or other safety purposes.|Piconet, wireless
X22-K08|Current|(2007-    )|Vehicle-offboard interfacing/communication||Includes systems for allowing communication between vehicle and external systems. E.g. for downloading information such as navigation data (see also X22-E06F), local tourist information, shop opening times (see also X22-J12), restaurant menus, music files (see also X22-J13) etc., e.g. using wi-fi hot spot located in service station, or for making hotel reservations or booking tickets (see also T01-N codes). Also includes use of other communications systems/protocols such as Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC).|Wireless fidelity
X22-K11|Current|(2008-    )|Vehicle telephone||Includes all aspects of car phones, including hands-free arrangements. Also see W01 codes for telephones and cellular communication per se. Also see X22-X02B for novel phone mounting arrangement.|
X22-K99|Current|(2007-    )|Other multiplexing/networking/communications|||
X22-L|Current|(1987-    )|Speech synthesisers; speech recognition units for various applications|X22-X|See W04-V codes also for speech analysis/synthesis per se.|
X22-M|Current|(1987-    )|Suspensions|X22-X|Includes control of suspensions.|Dampers, height controllers, shock absorbers, spring vibration control, levelling
X22-M01|Current|(2006-    )|Suspension systems||Includes electrical aspects of motor vehicle suspension hardware.|
X22-M01A|Current|(2008-    )|Mechanical springs/dampers||Includes electrical details of suspension systems using mechanical/pneumatic/fluid springs and dampers.|
X22-M01C|Current|(2008-    )|Electric springs/dampers||Includes suspensions that utilise linear electromagnetic motors (LEMs) at each wheel in place of conventional shock absorbers and springs. See also V06 codes for linear electric motors per se.|
X22-M03|Current|(2006-    )|Suspension control||Includes suspension control arrangements such as active suspension, electronically controlled dampers, body roll control etc.|
X22-N|Current|(1987-    )|Switches for general application|X22-X|See also V03 for mechanical switches per se. Electronic switching is covered by U21 codes only.|
X22-P|Current|(1992-    )|General vehicle types|||
X22-P01|Current|(1992-    )|Bicycle|||Tricycle
X22-P02|Current|(1992-    )|Motorcycle|||Moped
X22-P03|Current|(1992-    )|External combustion e.g. gas turbine|||
X22-P04|Current|(1992-    )|Hybrid||Includes vehicles with electric motor- and IC engine-prime movers. Also see X21-A01D and other X21 codes as appropriate.|Parallel hybrid
X22-P04A|Current|(2007-    )|Hybrid-electric||Includes series/parallel/mixed hybrid-electric and hybrid-fuel cell vehicles|
X22-P04E|Current|(2007-    )|Hybrid-mechanical||Includes electrical details of hybrid-flywheel and hybrid-pneumatic vehicles.|
X22-P05|Current|(1992-    )|Commercial||Includes non-specific delivery vehicles|
X22-P05A|Current|(2002-    )|Bus/coach|||
X22-P05B|Current|(2002-    )|Lorry/truck||Includes articulated trucks/heavy goods vehicles.|
X22-P05C|Current|(2002-    )|Taxi|||
X22-P05F|Current|(2005-    )|Forklift truck||See also X25-F05A. Electric forklift trucks are coded in X21-A01B only.|
X22-P05H|Current|(2010-    )|Road cleaning vehicles|X22-J05X|Includes road sweepers and snow ploughs (see also X25-U05).|
X22-P05R|Current|(2010-    )|Refuse collection vehicles|X22-J05X|Includes rubbish trucks.|
X22-P05X|Current|(2002-    )|Other commercial vehicles||Includes commercial vans and refuse collection vehicles.|
X22-P06|Current|(1992-    )|Military|||
X22-P07|Current|(1992-    )|Construction|||Bulldozer
X22-P08|Current|(1992-    )|Recreation|||Go-kart, caravan, RV, snowmobile, ATV
X22-P09|Current|(1992-    )|Agricultural||See also X25-N codes.|
X22-P10|Current|(1992-    )|Emergency services||Includes ambulances, fire engines, police cars.|
X22-P11|Current|(2002-    )|Towed trailers||Includes electrical aspects, e.g. lights on rear of trailer towed by vehicle (see X22-B02 codes also) or trailer of heavy goods vehicle (see X22-P05B also).|
X22-P12|Current|(2012-    )|Amphibious vehicle||Also see W06-C15X or Q24-P30 as appropriate.|
X22-P15|Current|(2015-    )|Driverless/autonomous vehicles||Includes vehicles that can drive themselves. Used with X22-C05B, X22-C02D, X22-A03B codes and X22-J05 codes as required for automatic steering, braking, speed control and radar type anti-collision systems.|
X22-Q|Current|(1992-    )|Non-engine related fuzzy control||This code is used either on its own or in conjunction with other related codes, e.g. X22-M for suspension systems. Fuzzy logic systems, per se, are covered by T01-J16B where novel technology details are given.|
X22-U|Current|(2005-    )|Motor vehicle rental, hiring and sharing systems||Includes overall system associated with motor vehicle hiring and rental with some on-board vehicle aspect, e.g. enabling user to book vehicle on-line (see T01-N and T01-J05 codes) while central controller provides authorisation and remote access to allocated vehicle. Also includes car pooling arrangements with some on-board vehicle aspect.|Hiring, leasing, rental, car-pool, car sharing, internet, booking
X22-W|Current|(2006-    )|Non-engine related by-wire control||Includes general by-wire control systems, including 'total' vehicle by-wire control and specific controllers not covered elsewhere such as by-wire headlamp beam aiming controller (see also X22-B01E and X26-L). By-wire brake (X22-C02C7), shift (X22-C03G) and steer (X22-C05A1) controllers are coded in their relevant sections ONLY. See X22-A03W only for general engine based by-wire controllers. Also see X22-K codes for novel vehicle networking/communications systems that enable the by-wire control. Also includes overall systems for determining whether it is safe to operate in autonomous driving mode. See also X22-P15 for autonomous vehicles per se and other codes as appropriate.|
X22-X|Current||Other vehicle aspects||Includes static electricity (see also X25-S) and cathodic protection (see also X25-R06); driving instruction simulators (see also W04-W07A); etc.|
X22-X01|Current|(1987-    )|Wiring harnesses; electrical connectors in general||See V04 also for connectors and harnesses. Includes all wiring/cabling installations.|
X22-X01A|Current|(1997-    )|Electric connectors||See also V04 codes.|
X22-X01B|Current|(1997-    )|Wiring or cable installations||Includes also wiring harnesses, see V04-V02 and X12-D07.|
X22-X01B1|Current|(1997-    )|Clamps||For general cable clamps, see also X12-G04A2.|
X22-X01B2|Current|(1997-    )|Grommets or bushing||See also X12-E03C and X12-G04A3.|
X22-X01C|Current|(2012-    )|Fuse box/wiring box||Includes fuse boxes and their covers (see also X13-D codes), and wiring boxes.|
X22-X02|Current|(1987-    )|Aerials; radio and loudspeaker mountings, etc.||See W02-B and W03-B codes for further aerial and radio details.|Antenna, window aerials, automatic aerial retraction
X22-X02A|Current|(1992-    )|Aerials|||
X22-X02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Roof/body mounted|||
X22-X02A3|Current|(1992-    )|Glass-mounted|||
X22-X02B|Current|(1992-    )|Radio, cassette player, CD player, and loudspeaker mountings; etc||Includes mounting for other electronic devices such as mobile phone, handheld navigation device or computer.|Car telephone mounting
X22-X03|Current|(1992-    )|Anti-theft devices||See also W05-B, and X22-D codes for alarms.|
X22-X04|Current|(1992-    )|Refrigeration for container trucks||See also X27-F for refrigeration per se.|
X22-X05|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical aspects of doors, boots, windows||Includes electrical door opening/closing devices (see X22-D01 instead for door locking arrangements and X22-H codes for window winders). Also includes electrical aspects of streamlining devices such as spoilers.|Roof spoiler, aerodynamic, sliding door, remote control tailgate opening, electrochromic glass, privacy glass
X22-X06|Current|(1992-    )|Non-engine related measurements/sensors||These codes are used on their own or in conjunction with other codes depending on claimed aspects. For general instrumentation, S01, S02, and S03 codes should also be searched. Includes electrical sensors per se and their mounting arrangements. These codes are generally applied when the sensor is novel per se or when a standard sensor is used in an unusual way.|
X22-X06A|Current|(1992-    )|Wheel speed and slip sensors||Includes sensing of wheel speed or general vehicle speed. Measurement of engine speed is coded in X22-A05C only.|
X22-X06B|Current|(1992-    )|Acceleration or shock sensors||Includes measurement of acceleration, deceleration and shock or impact sensing. See also S02-G03.|
X22-X06C|Current|(1997-    )|Road friction sensor||See also S03-F08.|
X22-X06D|Current|(1997-    )|Seat occupation sensor||Also includes child seat presence or absence detector to then inhibit or trigger e.g. air bag. See also S03-C06.|
X22-X06E|Current|(1997-    )|Rain or moisture sensor|X22-J01, X22-X06|See also S03-F09, and S03-E codes.|
X22-X06F|Current|(1997-    )|Distance to obstacle measurement||See also X22-E13 or X22-J05 codes and S02-B01.|
X22-X06G|Current|(1997-    )|Lane deviation sensing arrangement||Includes optical recognition of white line.|
X22-X06H|Old|(1997-2009)|Steering angle sensor|||
X22-X06H|Current|(2010-    )|Steering angle/torque sensor||From 2010 this code has been expanded to include steering torque sensing. Prior to 2010 see X22-X06(X). Includes steering angle and torque sensing.|
X22-X06J|Current|(1997-    )|Yaw sensor|||
X22-X06K|Current|(1997-    )|On-board weighing system||See X22-P05B for lorry on-board load/cargo weighing arrangements.|
X22-X06L|Current|(1997-    )|Control pedals' position sensors|||
X22-X06M|Current|(2002-    )|Submergence sensing arrangement||For detecting submergence of vehicle in water, e.g. for control of vehicle windows to allow escape from sinking vehicle.|Sinking detection
X22-X06N|Current|(2005-    )|Non-engine related diagnostics||Includes diagnostic devices interfacing with vehicle control devices. See also S02-J codes for testing per se.|
X22-X06T|Current|(2010-    )|Temperature sensor|X22-X06X|Includes non-engine temperature sensing e.g. for control of vehicle air conditioner (see also S03-B codes). For engine related temperature sensing see X22-A05F codes instead.|
X22-X06X|Current|(2005-    )|Other non-engine related measurements/sensors||Includes other specific measurements and sensors.|
X22-X07|Current|(1992-    )|Road toll devices||See also T07-A03E for roadside charging aspect.|
X22-X08|Old|(1992-2012)|Passenger compartment noise reduction||Includes general noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) control for improving comfort of vehicle occupants. For transmission based NVH control see X22-G03N only, and for engine based vibration noise reduction see X22-A12 or X22-A03X as appropriate. See also W04-V.|
X22-X08|Current|(2013-    )|Noise/vibration/harshness reduction||Includes general noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) control for improving comfort of vehicle occupants. For transmission based NVH control see X22-G03N only, and for engine based vibration and noise reduction see X22-A12 or X22-A03X as appropriate. See also W04-V. See Q17-N for mechanical NVH reduction arrangements.|
X22-X09|Current|(1992-    )|On-board tyre inflator|||
X22-X10|Current|(1992-    )|Electronic components||Includes components e.g. ASICs for vehicles but with no mention of its specific use. See also appropriate U codes. Also includes general electronic control units where specific function being controlled is not detailed. See X22-A03 for general engine based ECUs where specific engine system being controlled is not detailed.|
X22-X11|Current|(2002-    )|Agricultural implements and their control||Includes electrical aspects of implements attached to tractor and driven by power take-off.|
X22-X12|Current|(2002-    )|Pedal arrangements||Includes pedals that are electrically positioned according to driver's requirements and other electrical arrangements connected to pedal operation or adjustment. See X22-X06L for control pedals' position sensors per se.|Reach adjustment
X22-X16|Old|(2005-2009)|Vehicle maintenance equipment and service monitoring||Includes on-board aspects associated with e.g. fleet maintenance, vehicle servicing equipment (see X22-A16 for engine servicing equipment) and remote service monitoring (see X22-E10 for on-board service required warning).|
X22-X16|Current|(2010-    )|Vehicle maintenance equipment and service monitoring; Vehicle testing||Includes on-board aspects associated with e.g. fleet maintenance, vehicle servicing equipment (see X22-A16 for engine servicing equipment) and remote service monitoring (see X22-E10 for on-board service required warning). Includes off-board arrangements for testing/measuring vehicle wheel alignment (see also S02-J02A), vehicle rolling roads and engine dynomometers (see also S02-J01A). See X22-X06 codes for on-board vehicle measurement systems.|
X22-X18|Current|(2007-    )|Vehicle (un)loading arrangements||Includes tail lifts used on lorries (see also X22-P05B), vehicle mounted cranes and other loading/unloading ramps/fixtures. See Q15 codes for mechanical (un)loading aspects.|
X22-X19|Current|(2007-    )|Disabled people aids||Includes all systems or vehicle adaptations for helping physically challenged persons drive or travel in motor vehicle. Includes wheelchair lifting arrangements and ramps. See also S05-K01. For mechanical aspects see Q15-B13 instead.|
X22-X20|Current|(2008-    )|Vehicle design/manufacture/assembly||Includes electrical details of design, manufacture and assembly of vehicles and vehicle components. See Q16-D codes for mechanical aspects of vehicle design and manufacture.|
X22-X20A|Current|(2008-    )|Vehicle manufacture/assembly/dismantling||Includes manufacture and assembly of motor vehicles and their components. See X25-X14 for manufacturing/assembly plants per se. Also includes systems for dismantling vehicles e.g. to enable recycling of materials (see also X25-W04).|Spray painting
X22-X20E|Current|(2008-    )|Vehicle design||Includes all electrical details of vehicle design. Also see T01-J15 codes for computer aided design (CAD).|
X23|Current||Electric railways and signalling||Note: Also includes non-electric traction railways with substantial electrical content in the disclosure.|
X23-A|Current||Electric railways|||
X23-A01|Current||Propulsion, braking|||
X23-A01A|Current|(1983-    )|Propulsion||Includes transmission of mechanical power.|Drive system, mountings
X23-A01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Electric motor||Includes motors per se, with further details in X11.|Linear motors, induction motors, dc motors, coils, magnetic circuits
X23-A01A2|Current|(1987-    )|Diesel engine||Includes engine control and electrical hardware aspects of railway vehicle engines.|Diesel-electric locomotive, diesel, petrol, fuel
X23-A01A2B|Current|(2016-    )|Engine control||Includes general combustion engine control such as speed, fuel and ignition control. For pollution control see X23-A01A2C instead.|
X23-A01A2C|Current|(2014-    )|Exhaust gas cleaning systems; pollution reduction||Includes electrical details of locomotive engine exhaust gas cleaning systems and pollution reduction arrangements. For mechanical aspects see Q21-C01C and Q51-J02 codes.|Catalytic converters, EGR, catalyst electric heating
X23-A01A3|Current|(1997-    )|Power converters||See X23-A02A for converter control for train/tram motors. See also X12-J and X13-G03 codes.|
X23-A01A4|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic levitation arrangements||Includes superconducting magnets/coils for levitation or suspending of railway car. See also X12-C05 codes.|
X23-A01A5|Current|(1997-    )|Transformers||Includes supply step-down and converter transformers. See X12-C codes for further transformer details.|
X23-A01B|Current|(1983-    )|Braking||Includes train brakes as well as track brakes.|
X23-A01B1|Current|(1997-    )|(Electro)mechanical brakes||Includes electromagnetic and electrically-operated mechanical brakes (see X25-L02 also) as well as electro-pneumatic and electro-hydraulic brakes.|Electro-magnetic, electrohydarulic, electropneumatic
X23-A01B3|Current|(1997-    )|Electrodynamic brakes||Includes resistive, eddy current and regenerative brakes (see also X13-F02).|
X23-A01B5|Current|(1997-    )|Automatic braking||Includes ATP(automatic train protection)-triggered braking to prevent accidents. See also X23-B02.|
X23-A01C|Current|(2005-    )|Suspension||Includes electrical aspects of railway vehicle suspension systems, such as carriage/ride tilt control. Magnetically levitated suspension/propulsion systems are coded in X23-A01A4 only.|
X23-A01L|Current|(2012-    )|Lubrication arrangements||Electrical aspects of train/locomotive lubrication.|
X23-A02|Current||Motor control; monitoring operation||Includes motor protection; safety interlocks e.g. dead man's handle; operating data monitoring. Also see|
X23-A02A|Current|(1987-    )|Motor control||See also X13-F or X13-G.|
X23-A02C|Current|(1997-    )|Automatic train control||See also X23-A01B5 for automatic braking. Includes train door opening, vehicle status reporting, speed limiting, etc.|
X23-A02E|Current|(1997-    )|Data bus||Includes the bus, per se, and associated hardware for communications (see also W01-A06 codes) between sub-systems and the main system on the train. Also, allows remote monitoring and control on multiple unit trains. Carries signals from ATP and ATC systems for various controls and status reporting.|
X23-A02G|Current|(2002-    )|On-board monitoring systems||Includes on-board radio communication, e.g. between head and end of train, and general on-board system monitoring. Includes on-board camera and image analysis to prevent collision.|
X23-A03|Current||Power supply lines|||
X23-A03A|Current|(2002-    )|Power supply lines; off-board supply||Includes all power supply aspects i.e. track side poles, insulators, (see also X12-G codes) etc.; supply protection (see also X13-C codes); substations for feeding power to the railway network (see also X13-E codes).|Electric overhead supply, power rails
X23-A03C|Current|(2002-    )|On-board power supply systems; power supply control||Includes on-board generators per se, with further details in X11 or X13 if its control is part of the invention, and power supply or conversion arrangements etc.|Battery, fuel cell
X23-A04|Current||Current collectors|||Pick-up, pantograph, brushes, shoes
X23-A05|Current||Measuring; testing||Includes brake monitoring sensors; track straightness determination; etc.|
X23-A08|Current|(2012-    )|Shunting or short distance haulage devices||Electrical aspect of shunting or short distance haulage devices|
X23-A09|Current||Other (electric) railway systems' details||Includes connectors for cables passing between carriages etc. Includes refrigerated compartment for transporting cargo.|
X23-A09A|Retired|(2002-2009)|Off-board railway systems*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X23-S. It is still valid and searchable for records prior to 2010. From 2005 major electric track laying equipment is transferred to X23-X. For station based passenger information/communications systems see X23-C02.|
X23-A09A1|Retired|(2005-2009)|Security systems*||*This code is now retired and transferred to X23-S01. It remains searchable and valid for records prior to 2010.|
X23-A09A1A|Retired|(2005-2009)|For personnel*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X23-S01A. It is still valid and searchable for records prior to 2010. Includes detection of concealed weapons. Also includes all aspects of passenger tracking and monitoring, including authorisation/access control for passengers (see T05-D codes also).|
X23-A09A1E|Retired|(2005-2009)|For baggage*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X23-S01E. It is still valid and searchable for records prior to 2010. Includes all aspects of baggage inspection, monitoring and tracking. Includes use of transponder tags (see also W02 codes) or bar-code reader (see also T04 codes). See S03-C03 and S03-E06B codes for inspection.|
X23-A09A3|Retired|(2005-2009)|Station safety systems*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X23-S03. It is still valid and searchable for records prior to 2010. Includes fire-fighting arrangements and automatic platform-edge doors control. Prior to 2005, platform edge doors control was coded in X23-A09.|
X23-A09A9|Retired|(2005-2009)|Other station details*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X23-S99. It is still valid and searchable for records prior to 2010. Includes transportation of baggage and passengers, and railway station specific heating and air-conditioning.|
X23-A10|Current|(1997-    )|Environmental control and lighting|X23-A09|Includes on-board train heating and air-conditioning systems, internal and external train lighting.|
X23-A13|Current|(2002-    )|On-board train accessories||Includes electrically adjustable seats, electric windows, electric door locks etc. Also used for in-train entertainment systems.|
X23-A15|Current|(2013-    )|Passenger safety systems||Includes seat belts, airbags and fire-fighting equipment on-board the train. For station based passenger safety systems see X23-S03 instead. See X25-X05 also for fire-fighting equipment per se.|
X23-A16|Current|(2014-    )|Cargo (un)loading arrangements||Includes train mounted cranes and other loading/unloading ramps/fixtures. See Q21-J06 for mechanical (un)loading aspects. For station side equipment see X23-S99 instead.|
X23-A17|Current|(2014-    )|Traction increasing equipment||Includes dispensing of particulate matters such as sand under train wheels on track to prevent wheel slippage and increasing grip. For mechanical aspects see Q21-D10A|
X23-B|Current||Signalling; safety|||
X23-B01|Current||On route devices controlled by passage of train|||
X23-B01A|Current|(1997-    )|Axle counters; end-of-train passage detection||Includes null flux detector and eddy current detector.|
X23-B01C|Current|(1997-    )|Track circuits||Includes associated transmitter and receiver circuits (see also W02 codes e.g. W02-C02 codes for near field systems, W02-C03 codes for radio systems, and W02-G codes for radio equipment per se).|AC-, DC-, audio frequency-, track circuits
X23-B02|Current||On route devices controlling vehicle device||For ATP and ATC signalling to control brakes and train operation see X23-A01B5 and X23-A02C codes.|Cab-, ATP-, automatic train protection-, ATC-, automatic train control-, signalling
X23-B02A|Current|(1997-    )|Magnetic and inductive transponders||Includes train-mounted detector coils to pick-up safe passage tone, speed monitor tone and proceed tone from track-side equipment.|
X23-B02C|Current|(1997-    )|Radio communication link||Includes provision of communications (see also appropriate W02-B, W02-C and W02-G codes) between the driver and signal centres. Also includes RF beacons to provide track data like speed limits, gradients, speed and braking commands, destination, stopping patterns, etc.|
X23-B02C1|Current|(1997-    )|Radio communications for speech||Includes speech radio for train dispatching and safety-critical operational messages. On-board public telephones are coded in X23-C01 only.|
X23-B03|Current||Points and signal operation; signals||Lamp details are in X26. Road/rail traffic intersection signalling is also in T07.|Switching, lamps, relays
X23-B04|Current||Station blocking; interlocking between points and signals; warning devices along route|||
X23-B04A|Current|(1997-    )|Signals and points interlocking||Includes relay interlocking.|
X23-B04A1|Current|(1997-    )|Solid state interlocking||Includes processor-based interlocks.|SSI, solid state interlocking, electronic
X23-B04C|Current|(1997-    )|Station blocking; Track blocking||Includes track blocking for preventing two trains from entering same track block, for anti-collision purposes.|
X23-B04E|Old|(1997-2005)|Warning devices along route|||
X23-B04E|Current|(2006-    )|Warning and safety devices along route or between trains||From 2006 this code has been expanded to include warning devices operating between trains as well as warning devices along train route. |
X23-B04E1|Current|(2002-    )|Signalling to portable alarm unit||Includes transmission of on-coming train warning to portable unit carried by track maintenance personnel. Also see W05 codes.|
X23-B05|Current||Traffic control: classification yards||Includes marshalling of trains. Used for local control of trains e.g. in shunting yard. For control of entire railway network see X23-B05C only.|
X23-B05A|Current|(1997-    )|Rail/road crossing systems||Includes level crossings.|
X23-B05C|Current|(1997-    )|Integrated central control||Includes system for automated transit control, automatic train scheduling and supervisory system. Also includes vehicle movement, power distribution, alarms for faults, system status information.|
X23-B09|Current|(1997-    )|Other signalling aspects||Includes e.g. track conductors for improved signal transmission compared with use of the rails in track circuits.|
X23-C|Current|(1997-    )|Passenger information systems|X23-A09, X23-B||Railway/train information
X23-C01|Current|(1997-    )|On-board PA system; displays|X23-B02C1|Includes automatically triggered, e.g. by train or signalling, systems. See W04-S05 and W05-E codes, respectively, for PA systems and general displays. See also W05-A codes for warning tones. Also includes on-board public telephones (also see W01 codes), systems for enabling use of passenger's mobile phone e.g. while in tunnel, and passenger information arrangements e.g. allowing on-board internet browsing (see also T01 codes).|
X23-C02|Current|(1997-    )|Off-board platform/station systems||Includes automatically triggered, e.g. by train or signalling, systems. Also includes station based timetable displays, internet browsing systems, computerised ticket reservation systems and other station based information/communications systems.|
X23-D|Current|(2014-    )|Type of carriage or wagon||Includes electrical details of specific types of carriages. For mechanical aspects see Q21-C03 codes.|
X23-D01|Current|(2014-    )|Wagon/freight car||Includes electrical details of wagons, vans or freight cars.|
X23-D02|Current|(2014-    )|Hopper car||Includes electrical details of e.g. wagons for carrying particulate material with dispensing openings at bottom of wagon.|
X23-D03|Current|(2014-    )|Tanker wagons||Includes tankers carrying fluids.|
X23-D04|Current|(2014-    )|Mine cars||Includes electrical aspects of mine locomotives and cars. Also see X25-D for mining.|
X23-D09|Current|(2014-    )|Other railway vehicles||Includes electrical details of rail vehicles convertible for use on road (see also Q19-R02).|
X23-P|Current|(2014-    )|Railway Type||Includes electrical details of special railway types.|
X23-P01|Current|(2014-    )|Elevated railways||Includes electrical details of elevated railways with or without suspended vehicles.|
X23-P02|Current|(2014-    )|Monorail||Includes electrical details of monorail aspects.|
X23-P03|Current|(2014-    )|Cableways||Includes electrical aspects of aerial ways, cableways.|
X23-P05|Current|(2014-    )|Magnetically levitated railways||For novel MAGLEV train suspension/propulsion details see X23-A01A4 also.|
X23-P06|Current|(2014-    )|Underground railways||Includes electrical details of underground railways/Metro.|Subway, metro
X23-P09|Current|(2014-    )|Other Railway types||Includes rack railway,|
X23-S|Current|(2010-    )|Station/off-board railway systems|X23-A09A|Includes electrical aspects of all offboard/station/platform details. From 2005 major electric track laying equipment is transferred to X23-X. For station based passenger information/communications systems see X23-C02 instead. See Q21-A codes for mechanical details of offboard railway stations and tracks. For offboard power supply systems see X23-A03A instead.|
X23-S01|Current|(2010-    )|Security systems|X23-A09A1|Includes off-board systems for protecting railway passengers and cargo.|
X23-S01A|Current|(2010-    )|For personnel|X23-A09A1A|Includes detection of concealed weapons. Also includes all aspects of passenger tracking and monitoring, including authorisation/access control for passengers (see T05-D codes also).|
X23-S01E|Current|(2010-    )|For baggage|X23-A09A1E|Includes all aspects of baggage inspection, monitoring and tracking. Includes use of transponder tags (see also T04-K03B, W06-A04B and W02-G05 codes) or bar-code reader (see also T04-A03B1). See S03-C03 and S03-E06B codes for inspection.|
X23-S03|Current|(2010-    )|Station safety systems|X23-A09A3|Includes fire-fighting arrangements (see also X25-X05) and automatic platform-edge doors control (see also X25-U01). Prior to 2005, platform edge doors control was coded in X23-A09.|
X23-S05|Current|(2010-    )|Tunnels|X23-A09A|Includes electrical details of tunnel construction and maintenance, as well as tunnel lighting arrangments (see also X26 codes). See Q21-A codes for mechanical details of railway or subway tunnels.|
X23-S99|Current|(2010-    )|Other offboard/station details|X23-A09A9|Includes transportation of baggage and passengers (see also X25-F codes), and railway station specific heating and air-conditioning (see also X27-E codes).|
X23-X|Current|(2005-    )|Other railway system details||Includes major electric railway track laying equipment (coded in X23-A09A prior to 2005).|
X23-X16|Current|(2014-    )|Maintenance; Servicing; Testing||Includes locomotive/train servicing and testing equipment.|Service, maintain, test, diagnostics
X23-X20|Current|(2014-    )|Rail vehicle design/manufacture/assembly||Includes electric details of design, manufacture and assembly of railway trains and their components. See X25-X14 for manufacturing/assembly plant per se. Also includes systems for dismantling vehicle to enable recycling of materials (see also X25-W04). See X16-M for recycling of batteries and their materials. See T01-J15 codes for computerised design.|
X24|Current||Electric welding||Note: Patents are coded in X24 only if the soldering or welding equipment is useful in the electrical or electronic industry e.g. PCBs, electric motors, or if substantial electrical content is disclosed.|
X24-A|Current||Electric soldering|||
X24-A01|Current||Solder, soldering methods, flux|||Solder wire
X24-A01A|Current|(1992-    )|Solder, flux|||
X24-A01C|Current|(1992-    )|Soldering methods|||
X24-A02|Current||(De)soldering equipment, irons, bits, baths||Includes soldering equipment and systems.|Tinning, heaters
X24-A02A|Current|(1992-    )|(De)soldering irons, bits|||
X24-A02C|Current|(1992-    )|Wave soldering baths|||
X24-A02E|Current|(1992-    )|Reflow soldering using laser, hot gas, electric heating, etc.|X24-A09|For use of laser, see also X24-D03B.|
X24-A02X|Current|(2007-    )|Other soldering equipment||Includes spray soldering systems using solder droplets in stream of hot gas to build up solder deposit, e.g. for fixing conductor wires to semiconductor circuit (see also U11 codes). Also includes ultrasonic soldering equipment.|
X24-A04|Current|(2006-    )|Soldering accessories||Includes solder feeding devices and dispensers.|
X24-A09|Old|(1980-2005)|Other||Includes brazing; control and measurements. From 2006, solder feeding devices have been transferred to X24-A04.|Solder dispenser
X24-A09|Current|(2006-    )|Other electrical soldering aspects||Includes brazing, control and measurements. From 2006, solder feeding devices have been transferred to X24-A04.|
X24-B|Current||Arc welding or cutting|||
X24-B01|Current|(1980-    )|Seam and built-up arc welding|||
X24-B02|Current||Arrangements or circuits|||
X24-B02A|Current||Generating ignition voltage; stabilising and magnetic control of arc|||Arc ignition, moving arc
X24-B02X|Current||Arrangements or circuits - other||Includes protective circuits; remote controls.|Power supplies, pulse supply
X24-B03|Current||Automatic feeding of electrodes or work||Includes welding robots, motor control.|Robot control, positioning, guiding
X24-B04|Current||Electrodes and accessories||Includes welding rods, electrodes, materials and media. Also includes all aspects of cables and connectors, and other accessories with significant electrical content. Includes protective mask (see also X27-A02B1).|
X24-B05|Current||Submerged-arc welding, stud welding||Includes shielded metal-arc welding using a covered electrode stick, and submerged arc welding where weld area is protected by granulated flux. Also includes electroslag and flash butt welding.|
X24-B06|Current||Using shielding gas||Includes WIG (Wolfram inert gas), GMAW (gas metal-arc welding) or MIG (metal inert gas), TIG (tungsten inert gas) or GTAW (gas tungsten-arc welding) and associated shielding gas feed control. Also includes plasma-arc welding/cutting (PAW) where heat for melting is provided by arc formed between non-consumable tungsten electrode and constricting orifice of torch itself.|WIG, MIG, TIG, GMAW, GTAW, plasma-arc
X24-B09|Current||Other arc welding or cutting aspects||Includes welders using insulated electrodes; percussion welding; testing.|Inspecting, measurements
X24-C|Current||Resistance welding or cutting|||
X24-C01|Current||Electric supply or control circuits|||Monitoring
X24-C04|Current|(2006-    )|Electrodes and accessories|||
X24-C09|Current|(1980-    )|Other resistance welding or cutting aspects||Includes spot welding, resistance seam welding (forming a series of overlapping spot welds), resistance butt welding and projection welding (where the flow of current is confined to protrusions embossed on surface of material to be welded). For robotic spot welding also see X25-A03E1.|Spot welder, seam, projection
X24-D|Current||Other welding, cutting or boring|||
X24-D01|Current||Welding by induction heating|||
X24-D02|Current||Electron-beam welding or cutting||See V05-F02 also for electron beam equipment.|Beam focussing, melting, cutting, etching, trimming, hole punching, shaping, beam control, multiple beam
X24-D03|Current||Laser beam welding or cutting||See appropriate V08 codes for laser control details.|Shaping, optical system, control
X24-D03A|Current|(1992-    )|For metal working||Covers all aspects of working metal using laser beam (and having sufficient electrical content) e.g. cutting, trimming, hole forming etc. Also see appropriate corresponding codes in X25-A codes e.g. for cutting per se. Also includes laser-hybrid welding combining laser welding and e.g. shielded arc welding (also see X24-B06), and robotic laser welding.|Laser-hybrid
X24-D03B|Current|(1992-    )|For electrical and electronic components||Covers etching of PCBs see V04-R01C5 also, cutting substrate see U11-C07A4 also, trimming resistor valve see V01-A04H3 and trimming capacitor valve see V01-B04C3 also. For reflow soldering using laser see X24-A02E also.|
X24-D03X|Current|(1992-    )|Other laser beam welding/cutting aspects||Includes details of laser cutting through other materials, such as glass, ceramics, etc.|
X24-D04|Current||Welding of plastics materials||See also X25-A06 and maybe T06-D13 for plastics working. Includes dielectric welding, RF welding and high frequency welding to fuse plastics together, and laser beam welding or cutting. Can be used in conjuction with other X24-D codes as appriorate|Electric resistance heaters
X24-D05|Old|(1987-2005)|Flame, plasma or gas welding|X24-D09|For plasma welding see X24-B06 only.|Blow torch
X24-D05|Current|(2006-    )|Flame or gas welding/cutting|X24-D09|From 2006, details of plasma welding are covered by X24-B06 only.|Blow torch
X24-D06|Retired|(1992-2005)|Ultrasonic*|X24-D09|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X24-D08A. It is still searchable for records from 1992-2005.|
X24-D07|Retired|(1992-2005)|Friction welding*|X24-D09|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X24-D08C. It is still searchable for records from 1992-2005.|
X24-D08|Current|(2006-    )|Solid state welding||Includes low temperature welding processes not involving fusion. Includes hot pressure welding and roll welding.|Cold welding, HPW, ROW
X24-D08A|Current|(2006-    )|Ultrasonic welding||Involves applying ultrasonic vibrations parallel to interface of surfaces being joined, which are under compressive force, so that welding is reached through a solid state process involving atomic movement and diffusion. Also see X24-D04 for ultrasonic welding of plastics.|USW
X24-D08C|Current|(2006-    )|Friction welding||Includes friction stir welding, and inertia welding.|FRW
X24-D08E|Current|(2006-    )|Magnetic pulse welding||Includes cold welding of electrically conductive metals in the total absence of fusion.|Cold welding, inductor coil, capacitor discharge
X24-D08G|Current|(2006-    )|Diffusion bonding||Involves solid state diffusion by application of pressure and temperature to a joint surface for a prescribed period of time.|Aerospace, titanium, loading press, cladding, diffusion welding, DFW
X24-D08X|Current|(2006-    )|Other solid state welding/bonding||Includes explosive welding and forge welding processes.|EXW, FOW
X24-D09|Current||Other welding, cutting or boring aspects|X24-D09|Includes non-specific welding apparatus with substantial electrical content, and includes electrolytic welding.|
X24-D10|Current|(2006-    )|Welding, cutting, boring accessories||Coverage is restricted to all aspects of cables and connectors, with other accessories requiring significant electrical content.|Welding mask, goggles
X24-E|Retired|(1980-2005)|Welding rods, electrodes, materials or media*||*This code is now discontinued, but remains searchable for records prior to 2006. Novel welding rods, electrodes, cables, connectors etc. are now covered by the electrode/accessory codes in the relevant areas, e.g. X24-B04, X24-C04 and X24-D10.|
X24-F|Current||Electro-erosion|||
X24-F01|Current||Apparatus, devices, electric circuits|||
X24-F01A|Current||For electro-erosion in an electrolytic medium|||Electrochemical, ECM
X24-F01B|Current|(1992-    )|Electrical discharge machining|X24-F01X|Includes arc or spark discharge.|Discharge machining, EDM, discharge wire cut, EDWC
X24-F01X|Current||Apparatus, devices, electric circuits - other|||
X24-F02|Current|(1980-    )|Electrodes||Includes moving and spacing of electrodes.|
X24-F04|Current|(2006-    )|Electro-erosion accessories||Includes cables and connectors for electro-erosion and electrical discharge machining equipment. See also V04 codes for connectors and X12 codes for cables.|
X24-F09|Current||Electro-erosion - other|||
X24-G|Current||Welding generators or transformers||See also X11, X12.|
X25|Current||Industrial electrical equipment||This class, apart from the exceptions below, includes only those patents with substantial electrical content. Appropriate control aspects relating to various codes in this class are in T06-D. For example, general machine tool control is X25-A03F and T06-D06. EXCEPTIONS: Electric furnaces and heating, components (e.g. pumps) and electrolysis appts.|
X25-A|Current||Working materials|||
X25-A01|Current||Casting metals||Includes all electrical aspects of casting e.g. EM stirrer. Control see T06-D05B also.|Moulding, continuous-, centrifugal-casting, ingot, foundries, die, ladles
X25-A02|Current||Shaping (excluding cutting)||Control see T06-D05A also.|Forming, extruding, corrugating, seaming, folding, squeezing, blanking, electromagnetic forming, electro-hydraulic forming
X25-A02A|Current|(1983-    )|Presses||Control details see T06-D20.|Baling, rams
X25-A02B|Current|(1983-    )|Rolling||Control details see T06-D05A1.|Mills, sheets, foils, tubes, strips, bars, rods
X25-A02C|Current|(1992-    )|Forging||Control details see T06-D05A.|
X25-A02D|Current|(1992-    )|Hammering, bending, punching||Control details see T06-D05A. See X25-X10 also for engraving systems.|Stamping
X25-A02E|Current|(1992-    )|Wire drawing||Control details see T06-D05A.|
X25-A03|Current||Tools||Includes screw tighteners; general aspects of tools. For general control of machine tools see T06-D06 also. For systems for cleaning of work space, e.g. combined sanding and dust extracting machine, also see X25-H05.|Workpiece positioning, work tables, tool changing, chucks, turret
X25-A03A|Current|(1983-    )|Turning||Includes lathes.|
X25-A03B|Current|(1983-    )|Boring, drilling|||
X25-A03B1|Current|(2002-    )|Boring, drilling|||Centre-point
X25-A03B2|Current|(2002-    )|Cutting||Includes cutters, saws, trimming, grooving. See also T06-D07 for control apparatus.|
X25-A03C|Current|(1983-    )|Milling, grinding, polishing|X25-A09|Control details T06-D07A also.|
X25-A03C1|Current|(1992-    )|Milling|||Nanometer milling machine
X25-A03C2|Current|(1992-    )|Grinding, abrading, honing, lapping|||Blasting, planing, sanding, sander
X25-A03C3|Current|(1992-    )|Polishing, burnishing|||
X25-A03D|Current|(1983-    )|Handheld tools||Used in conjunction with the above codes if applicable. For example, handheld drills are also coded in X25-A03B.|
X25-A03E|Current|(1983-    )|Manipulators||Control details see T06-D07B also and for CAM/CAD robot programming see T01 also.|Robots, grappling, gripper, programmable
X25-A03E1|Current|(1992-    )|Applications e.g. welding|||
X25-A03E2|Current|(1992-    )|Assembling||Covers robots used in car manufacturing plants when robot details are claimed.|
X25-A03F|Current|(1983-    )|Control||Used in conjunction with above codes for different tool types. Also includes details of industrial automation system.|Monitoring, simulation
X25-A04|Current||Cathodic sputtering||Mainly apparatus for sputtering and chemical vapour deposition included; for methods, substantial electrical details must be disclosed. See U11-C09 for sputtering and CVD apparatus used for integrated circuit manufacture and appropriate T03/W04 codes for magnetic head manufacture. Non-cathodic, e.g. general plasma (laser) deposition is not included - see X25-A09 and X14-F codes.|Cathodes, targets, coating, deposition, anodes, evaporation
X25-A05|Current|(1983-    )|Working glass|X25-A09||Forming glassware, gob
X25-A06|Current|(1983-    )|Working plastics|X25-A09|Includes welding (see also X24-D04); fusing; extruding, moulding; injecting etc. For control details see T06-D13 also.|
X25-A07|Current|(1987-    )|Working rubber|X25-A06||Tyre mfr
X25-A08|Current|(2006-    )|3D printing / additive manufacturing||Details of 3D scanners are coded under T04-M05. See also X25-A06 for electrical aspects of working plastics.|3D replicator, rapid prototyping, solid freeform fabrication, SFF, 3D modeling
X25-A08A|Current|(2016-    )|3D printing / additive manufacturing methods|||
X25-A08B|Current|(2016-    )|3D printing / additive manufacturing apparatus||Computer control details of 3D printing / additive manufacturing machines are coded under T01-J07B3. For details of 3D scanners see T04-M05. For ink-jet printhead details see S06-G03.|Extruder
X25-A08C|Current|(2016-    )|Types of 3D printing / additive manufacturing|||
X25-A08C1|Current|(2016-    )|Stereolithography|||SLA
X25-A08C2|Current|(2016-    )|Fused deposition modeling||Inkjet technology is also coded under S06-G10.|FDM (RTM), extruders, extrusion tips, fused filament fabrication, FFF
X25-A08C3|Current|(2016-    )|Selective laser sintering|||SLS
X25-A08C4|Current|(2016-    )|Laminated object manufacturing|||LOM
X25-A08C9|Current|(2016-    )|Other types of 3D printing / additive manufacturing|||
X25-A08M|Current|(2016-    )|3D printing / additive manufacturing material||Codes in X25-A08M section indicate the type of material used to produce the printed object. For novel material compositions see the relevant codes in classes A-M.|
X25-A08M1|Current|(2016-    )|Metals|||
X25-A08M2|Current|(2016-    )|Plastics||X25-A06 should also be applied with this code.|
X25-A08M3|Current|(2016-    )|Organic materials||Includes organic materials used to produce biological products such as human tissue replacements. See also X25-A08U2.|
X25-A08U|Current|(2016-    )|Applications||Codes in X25-A08U section are used in conjunction with other X25-A08 codes to highlight what is manufactured using the 3D printing / additive manufacturing system.|
X25-A08U1|Current|(2016-    )|Domestic and personal items||See also P21-P28 classes. |Watch, clothes, footwear, jewellery, kitchen equipment, tableware
X25-A08U2|Current|(2016-    )|Pharmaceutical; Medical||See also B class codes for pharmaceutical applications; P32 for prosthetics.|Bio-printing, prosthetics, pills, tissue engineering
X25-A08U3|Current|(2016-    )|Vehicles; Aerospace||See Q24 / Q25 / W06 classes for aerospace and shipping; Q11-Q19 / X21 / X22 for land vehicles and Q21 / X23 for railway vehicles.|
X25-A08U4|Current|(2016-    )|Industrial||Includes manufacture of components not covered by other X25-A08U codes. Includes manufacture of components used in the construction and building industry. See X25-A06 for electrical aspects of working plastics.|Tool, robotics, television, phone, oil/gas industry
X25-A08U5|Current|(2016-    )|Sports, toys, entertainment and arts||Includes art pieces, figurines, action figures, etc. For manufacture of sports equipment, toys and novelty items see also P36 class.|
X25-A08U6|Current|(2016-    )|Defence||See also Q79 / W07 classes for military weapons etc.|Weapons, ammunitions, military
X25-A08U7|Current|(2016-    )|Food industry||See also X25-P codes for electrical aspects of food processing.|
X25-A08U9|Current|(2016-    )|Other specific 3D printing / additive manufacturing applications|||
X25-A08X|Current|(2016-    )|Other details of 3D printing / additive manufacturing|||
X25-A09|Current||Working materials - other||Includes metallic coating, e.g. plasma deposition, plasma spray coating or plasma transferred arc hardfacing, e.g. for applying wear-resistant metallic material such as stellite (RTM) to steel. For other coating, such as painting, see X25-K05.|
X25-A10|Current|(2007-    )|Working wood||Includes arrangements for working wood. See other X25-A codes to highlight the action being carried out, e.g. X25-A03A for wood turning. For felling of timber or processing lumber see X25-X01 instead.|Turning
X25-B|Current||Electric heating||All domestic applications are also in X27.|
X25-B01|Current||Ohmic resistance heating||Includes protective arrangements; IR heaters e.g. quartz lamps.|
X25-B01A|Current||Electrodes|||
X25-B01B|Current||Heater element materials or conductor arrangements|||
X25-B01C|Current||Plate heaters||Includes resistance heaters having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane.|
X25-B01C1|Current||Non-flexible elements|||
X25-B01C1A|Current|(1992-    )|Panels|||
X25-B01C1B|Current|(1992-    )|Hotplate; cooker hob||Covers all aspects of resistance heating in cookers, see X27-C02 also.|
X25-B01C1C|Current|(1992-    )|Windscreen heater; demister||Includes windscreen and wing mirror heaters. See also X22-J02A for vehicle windscreen demister.|
X25-B01C3|Current|(1992-    )|Flexible elements|X25-B01C9|Includes heating nets or webs.|
X25-B01C3A|Current|(1992-    )|Electric blanket||See X27-E02 also for electric blanket.|
X25-B01C3B|Current|(1992-    )|Under carpet, wall heating elements||See X27-E01A3 also, for wall, carpet and underfloor heating.|
X25-B01C3C|Current|(1992-    )|Pads; seats||See X22-J02 and X22-J03 also for vehicle seat. See X27-E02 also for domestic application. See X27-A also for domestic seat application.|
X25-B01C9|Current||Plate heaters - other|||Foils
X25-B01D|Current||Rod or tube elements||Also includes heating cables.|Electric bar heater
X25-B01E|Current||With granular, powdered or fluid current path, furnace elements|||
X25-B01E1|Current|(1992-    )|Furnace elements||See X25-C01 also for ohmic resistance furnace.|
X25-B01E2|Current|(1992-    )|Water, immersion heaters||See X27-E03A also for domestic water heating.|
X25-B01F|Current|(2005-    )|Positive temperature coefficient heaters|||PTC, self regulating
X25-B01H|Current|(1992-    )|Infrared heaters (includes lamps)|||Halogen, IR
X25-B01H1|Current|(1992-    )|Cooking apparatus||See also X27-C02A for cooker.|
X25-B01H3|Current|(1992-    )|Industrial applications||Includes dryers, etc.|
X25-B02|Current||Electric-, magnetic- or electromagnetic-field heating|||Laser heating
X25-B02A|Current||Induction heating|||Power supply, control
X25-B02A1|Current|(1983-    )|Inductors||See X12-C also.|Coils
X25-B02A2|Current|(1992-    )|Cooking appliances||See also X27-C06 for induction cooker.|
X25-B02B|Current||Microwave heating||Details of microwave power tubes per se are in V05, waveguide devices in general in W02-A. Includes circuits, feed lines, waveguides, mode stirrers and door seals.|Control, antenna, magnetrons, chambers
X25-B02B1|Current|(1992-    )|Cooking; oven||Aspects of cooking vessels are only in X27-C01.|Microwave oven, chambers, magnetrons, antenna, control
X25-B02B3|Current|(1992-    )|Industrial scale heating; drying||For large scale food processing etc. see X25-P01 and X27-C also, for drying see X25-G also.|
X25-B02D|Current|(1992-    )|Dielectric heating||Includes radio frequency (RF) heating where alternating electric field causes molecules to repeatedly align with field creating heat similar to friction.|
X25-B02F|Current|(2011-    )|Thermoelectric/solid state heating||Includes thermoelectric heating using an applied voltage to cause a temperature difference across the thermoelectric module, e.g. a sandwich formed from two ceramic plates with N and P type bismuth telluride in between. Charge carriers, i.e. electrons and positive holes absorb heat on one side of the thermoelectric module and transport it to the other side where it is used for heating. See X27-F02B1 for thermoelectric cooling.|
X25-B02X|Current||Electric-, magnetic- or electromagnetic-field heating - other||Includes electron beam heating, etc.|
X25-B03|Current||Electric discharge heating|||
X25-B03A|Current||Electrodes or electrode arrangements|||
X25-B03B|Current||Arc discharge or glow discharge|||
X25-B03X|Current||Electric discharge heating - other||Includes power control; power supplies.|
X25-B04|Current||Automatic switching for heating equipment|||Control, thermostats
X25-C|Current||Electric furnaces||Elements for the various heater types are in X25-B. Other details are coded in relevant places in X25-C.|
X25-C01|Current||Ohmic resistance|||Resistance element, temp control, power supply, charging/discharging, crucible, hearth
X25-C02|Current||Electric discharge||Includes arc furnaces.|Electrode, power supply, crucible, hearth
X25-C03|Current||Monitoring, control|||
X25-C05|Current|(1992-    )|Induction furnace|X25-C09||Zone melting, coreless, core-type, coil
X25-C07|Current|(2005-    )|Gas furnaces||Includes electrical aspects of gas furnaces.|Electrode, power supply, crucible, hearth
X25-C09|Current||Other industrial furnaces|||
X25-D|Current||Soil-shifting; mining|||
X25-D01|Current|(1983-    )|Soil shifting, excavators||Includes fuzes and blasting using explosives (see W07 for military applications). See T06-D08E also, for control details.|Dredger, bulldozer
X25-D02|Current||Mining||Covers rock or ground testing (see also specific S03 codes e.g. S03-E14E which includes investigation methods of soil, rock etc.). Use T06-D11 also, for control details.|Dust removal, roof condition monitor, rock hardness testing, powered support, quarries, miner's helmets, blasting, detonator, mineshaft ventilation
X25-D02A|Current|(1983-    )|Handling material, e.g. lift, conveyor||See also X25-F.|Vehicles, mine locomotives
X25-D02B|Current|(1983-    )|Tools|||Shears, drills, picks, cutters
X25-D02C|Current|(1992-    )|Intrinsically safe power supply/equipment; testing|||
X25-E|Current|(1980-    )|Earth-drilling, well logging||Also includes pumping and heating to aid oil recovery. Control details see T06-D12 also. Also see H01-A, H01-B and H01-C codes respectively for well logging, drilling and producing.|
X25-E01|Current|(1983-    )|Drilling equipment||Covers large-scale deep-well drilling e.g. oil, gas, water, etc. For drilling in the construction industry, see X25-U, and for drills used in the mining industry, see X25-D02B.|
X25-E02|Current|(1983-    )|Logging||Geophysical prospecting in general is in S03-C.|
X25-E02A|Current|(1992-    )|Measuring arrangements|||Sondes, sampling, penetration depth, measuring, testing, surveying
X25-E02A1|Current|(1992-    )|Transmission details||See appropriate W05-D codes for the transmission details.|
X25-E03|Current|(2006-    )|Well production; Extraction of oil, gas, water, etc.||Includes pumping assemblies. Also see X25-L03A for novel electric pumps per se.|
X25-F|Current||Conveying, lifting, hauling, handling materials||Includes filling materials; labelling; tagging, e.g. electronic tagging using e.g. radio frequency ID tags to track goods/items during conveyance (see also W06-A04B5 and W02-G05 codes); etc. General control details are also coded in T06-D08 as appropriate.|Tagging machines, weighing
X25-F01|Current|(1983-    )|Conveyors||Includes vibratory feeders and detecting articles on conveyor.|Belts, transporting goods, shelving and retrieving, locating, addressing
X25-F01A|Current|(1983-    )|Control||See also T06-D08C for control.|
X25-F02|Current|(1983-    )|Web/strip/coil handling||See T06-D08A also for control details dealing with web-advancing apparatus, and T06-D08B also for control of article feeding or tension regulation.|Rolls, sheets, tension-control, filaments, winding, coiling, wrapping, tension control
X25-F02A|Current|(1992-    )|Paper or envelope handling|||
X25-F03|Current|(1983-    )|Packing, dispensers|||
X25-F03A|Current|(1987-    )|Packing; bottling; packages; labelling/tagging||Includes all electrical details of packaging plant and methods as well as electrical details of packages/bottles per se. For packaging of TV receivers, AV equipment or electronic components in general, see W03-A19C, W03-G10G and V04-X01A respectively. From 2012, mechanical details of packaging processes and equipment are coded under Q31, details of container/closure and transit packaging under Q32, details of packaging container and closure materials under Q33, and the types of goods packages, bottled, labelled, etc, under Q34.|
X25-F03A1|Current|(2011-    )|Packing/Bottling plant and methods||Includes methods for filling and sealing packages as well as bottling and tinning plants. Also see other X25 and X27 codes as according to what is being packaged, e.g. see also X25-P01X for canning food, X25-P01C for bottling milk and X27-A02 for packaging beauty treatments. Also includes unpacking and bundling details.|Wrapping, stapling, stapler, canning, filling
X25-F03A3|Current|(2011-    )|Electrical aspects of packaging; smart packages; labels and tags||Includes electrical details of packages/bottles per se such as packages with built in sensors, displays, expiry or deterioration indicators or tags. See X25-F11 and T05-G02 for systems for tracking of packages or goods being shipped. If the package is intended for a specific use, also see other X25 and X27 codes as appropriate, e.g. X25-P01X for food, X25-P01C for milk and X27-A02C for packages for stationery.|Carton, box, bottle, pouch, lid, sensor, display
X25-F03A3A|Current|(2011-    )|Smart packages||Includes packages/bottles containing smart devices such as RFID tags or electric time-temperature or food quality indicators. Novel aspects of tags and labels are also assigned X25-F03A3C. Also see T04-K and W02-G05 for novel transponders/labels attached to package, and X25-F11 and T05-G02 for systems for tracking of packages or goods being shipped. If the package is intended for a specific use, also see other X25 and X27 codes as appropriate, e.g. X25-P01X for food, X25-P01C for milk and X27-A02C for packages for stationary. See X27-F05 for intelligent refrigerators that monitor smart food items. |
X25-F03A3C|Current|(2011-    )|Labels and tags||Includes novel labels or tags applied to smart packages for which X25-F03A3A is also assigned. Also includes methods and systems for the attachment of labels or tags to goods, or the printing of a label on a package (also see S06-G codes for printing using inkjet technology). Also see T04-K and W06-A04B5 codes for labelling/tagging using a smart or RFID tag/label and also W02-G05 codes when novel RF details are involved, such as receiver or transmitter circuitry or antennae. See T03-H02A codes for labelling of record carriers such as CDs or cassettes. Product-identifying tags providing electronic article surveillance (EAS) capability are also assigned W05-B01A2 codes depending on the technology use. Also see X25-F11 for tracking of tagged/labelled goods and X25-F07 for automated warehousing utilising tagged goods.|
X25-F03B|Current|(1992-    )|Dispensers||Dispensing measured volumes in general is covered by S02-C04 codes.|Stamps
X25-F03B1|Current|(1992-    )|Dispensers for comestibles||Includes vending machines for food/ drink etc, see relevant T05-H codes also. See X27-X for stock control in pub e.g. optics etc.|Beer, water, dispensing
X25-F03B2|Current|(1992-    )|Forecourt dispensers||Includes petrol pump, air dispenser in garage for vehicle tyres, etc.|
X25-F04|Current|(1983-    )|Lifts||Includes details of passengers lifts and goods lifts. Electrical details of doors are also coded under X25-U01.|Elevators, floor indicators, door operation, escalators
X25-F04A|Current|(1983-    )|Control||See also T06-D08D for control details.|Floor-call, speed/acceleration control, motor control, dispatching
X25-F05|Current|(1983-    )|Cranes, hoists, winches, trucks||Includes lifting magnets, cable car, jack, ski lift, vehicle mounted equipment (see also X22). For control details see T06-D08E also. Details of passengers lifts and goods lifts are included under X25-F04. |
X25-F05A|Current|(1987-    )|Trucks, goods or robotic vehicles||Includes IC engine and electric forklift trucks; vehicles mounted with lifting platform (also see X22-X18 or Q15-A codes); and walk behind trucks (also see X22-P05F or X21-A01B for IC engine and electric fork lifts respectively). See T06-D08F for forklift control. See Q19-C06 instead for mechanical aspects of forklift trucks. Also includes walking robots and electrical aspects of shopping trolleys such as electric drive arrangements and advertising displays/bar-code readers. See Q22-A02 for mechanical aspects of trolleys and Q38-B for mechanical details of trucks and robotic vehicles.|Fork lift, walking robot, electric shopping trolley, climbing robot, inspection robots, autonomous
X25-F05A1|Current|(1987-    )|Running on tracks||Includes robotic vehicles/trucks running on tracks or following painted lines on factory floor using e.g. optical sensors or image processing (see also T01-J10B/T04-D codes). See also T06-B01A and T06-D08F for 2D position control of goods conveying vehicles.|Factory automation vehicles, automatic guided vehicle, AGV
X25-F06|Current|(1987-    )|Sorting|X25-F|See also X25-W04 for recycling, and T05-K.|
X25-F07|Current|(2002-    )|Automated warehousing||Includes shelving and retrieving arrangements. See also T06-D08 for control. See X25-F01 for conveyors, and X25-F05A for conveying trucks. See also X25-F03A3C for warehousing of tagged goods. Electrical details of manipulators used to grab goods are also coded under X25-A03E.|
X25-F08|Retired|(2007-2010)|Labelling/Tagging*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X25-F03A3C but remains searchable and valid for codes from 2002-2010. Includes details of the actual attachment of the label or tag to the item, or printing of the label on the item (also see S06-G codes for printing using inkjet technology). See X25-F03A codes if the labelling/tagging is part of the packing/bottling arrangement, and X25-F11 for goods tracking arrangements. See also T04-K, W06-A04B5 and possibly W02-G05 codes for labelling/tagging using a smart or RFID tag/label. See T03-H02A codes for labelling of record carriers such as CDs or cassettes.|
X25-F09|Current|(2007-    )|Inventory/Stock management||Includes inventory management and monitoring of materials/articles being removed/replaced from storage area. See T01-J05A2 for non-networked inventory monitoring or T01-N01A2 for network, e.g. Internet, based systems.|Stock control
X25-F11|Current|(2007-    )|Goods tracking||Includes arrangements for monitoring location of goods containers or individual articles being moved. For use of radio transponders attached to goods, also see X25-F03A3C and T04-K03B for transponder tags/labels and T04-K02 for reading and writing aspects. See also T01-N01A2E for Internet based tracking. Novel RF details of transponder tags/interrogation are also covered by W02-G05 codes and W06-A04B5 codes cover RF transponder identification. See W05-B01A2 codes instead for theft alarms triggered by transponder tags.|
X25-F12|Current|(2016-    )|Delivery methods and equipment||Includes use of drones to deliver articles in remote or difficult locations (also see W04-X03E1M and W06-B15U for unmanned aerial vehicles used for commercial/industrial application). Also see S02-B04 for aerial photographic surveying and W07-F04 for aerial reconnaissance.|Delivery, drop, package, post, supplies, logistics, quadcopter, rotorcraft
X25-G|Current||Drying||See T06-D20 for control details also.|Heater control, air flow control, microwave heaters, infrared heaters, electric heaters
X25-H|Current|(1980-    )|Separating materials, cleaning, sterilizing|||
X25-H01|Current||Magnetic separation|||Coils, electromagnets
X25-H02|Current||Electrostatic separation|||
X25-H02A|Current||From gases or vapour|||
X25-H02A1|Current||Plant or installations|||Electrostatic precipitation, power supply, controllers
X25-H02A2|Current||Constructional details|||
X25-H02B|Current||From liquids or solids|||
X25-H03|Current|(1983-    )|Water and sewage treatment|X25-H09|Includes water distillation, water sterilization e.g. using ultraviolet radiation, desalination plant, aerator, swimming pool cleaning (see X25-X06 also). Water recycling is also coded under X25-W04.|
X25-H04|Current|(2006-    )|Ground/soil decontamination||Includes cleaning of contaminated soil, e.g. from pollution by petroleum or heavy metal spills.|
X25-H05|Current|(2006-    )|Industrial workspace cleaning||Includes e.g. vacuum systems for dust extraction or removing swarf etc. during machining of materials. Can be used in conjunction with X25-A codes as appropriate. See X27-E01B only for general air-conditioning of industrial work spaces.|Vacuum, dust, extraction
X25-H06|Current|(2011-    )|Mechanical separation||Includes separation by mechanical means such as centrifugal separators and separation by floatation.|
X25-H09|Current|(1980-    )|Other material separation and cleaning aspects||Includes electrodialysis, dry cleaning plant (see X27-D09 for domestic scale dry cleaning), general disinfection and sterilization, etc. From 2011, separation by floatation is coded in X25-H06. Details of industrial laundry equipment are also coded under X25-T05.|Fractional distillation, general cleaning
X25-H09A|Current|(2002-    )|Ultrasonic cleaning||Includes ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic sterilizers. See X27-D07A for domestic ultrasonic mixed mode cleaning.|
X25-H09C|Current|(2002-    )|Car washer||Includes electrical aspects of vehicle washing equipment.|Car wash
X25-J|Current||Mixing, crushing||Includes centrifuges, magnetic mixing, ore crusher. See T06-D04 for control details. Includes large scale shredders. Small size shredders, e.g. used in offices to shred confidential documents, are coded under X27-A02C only.|Pulverising, grinding, milling, ball mills, cyclone
X25-K|Current||Spraying and coating equipment|||
X25-K01|Current||Electrostatic spraying equipment|||
X25-K05|Current|(1987-    )|Coating equipment|||
X25-K09|Current||Other spraying and coating equipment||Includes atomisers.|
X25-L|Current||Components||Includes electrical components per se, and mechanical parts of these components, e.g. mechanical impeller used in electric pump.|
X25-L01|Current||Valves||Includes electro hydraulic valves.|Motorised valves, electric actuators, position monitor, fluid-pressure actuator (electrical)
X25-L01A|Current|(1983-    )|Electromagnetic||Details of electromagnets are in V02-E.|Solenoids, control, coils
X25-L02|Current||Electric brakes, clutches, gears|||Electromagnets, EM coupling, transmission
X25-L03|Current|(1983-    )|Pumps, compressors|X25-L09||Electrically-driven, controllers
X25-L03A|Current|(1992-    )|Pumps|||
X25-L03B|Current|(1992-    )|Compressors||See X27-F02C1 for compressor used in refrigeration.|
X25-L04|Current|(1983-    )|Blowers, fans|X25-L09||Electrically - driven, controllers
X25-L05|Current|(1987-    )|Vibrators|X25-L09||Electromagnetic, motorised, coils, electrodynamic
X25-L06|Current|(1987-    )|Seals; magnetic bearings|X25-L09||Magnetic seals
X25-L07|Current|(1987-    )|Heat exchangers, heat pipes|X25-X|Includes heat exchanger comprising built-in electric resistance heater to supplement heat exchange or solenoid flow control valve.|
X25-L09|Current||Other electrical components||Includes shock absorbers, electroviscous actuators, etc. Electrohydraulic valves are coded under X25-L01 only. Novel details of electrohydraulic systems other than valves are coded under X25-L09.|Dampers, electrorheological fluid
X25-M|Current||Locks||Alarm systems are in W05-B. See also T04-A and T05-D for card readers and access control systems, respectively.|Keys, alarms
X25-M01|Current|(1983-    )|Electronic|||Codes, keyboard-operated, magnetic card, memory
X25-M02|Current|(1983-    )|Electric/magnetic|||Electromagnets, solenoids, slides, bars, coil, bolts
X25-N|Current||Agriculture|||
X25-N01|Current|(1983-    )|Arable||Includes insecticide spraying, bird scarers, greenhouse. See also X25-X02 for vermin/insect extermination. Also includes details of rice polishing/milling and flour polishing/milling (see also X25-P01X for general food processing).|Seed treatment, grain silos, ventilation, parasite/vermin extermination, agricultural produce grading/sorting, hay baling, weeding
X25-N01A|Current|(1983-    )|Soil working, sowing, harvesting||Includes tractors. For control see T06-D01A.|Ploughs, depth control, combine harvesters, threshers
X25-N01B|Current|(1987-    )|Fertilising; irrigating; culture||See T06-D01B for control details. Includes rain influencing systems for agricultural reasons (see also X25-X20 code).|Sprinklers
X25-N02|Current|(1983-    )|Livestock||Includes branding, bee-keeping, egg incubator, horse training (see W04-X01 also). For control details see T06-D01C also.|Poultry-, cattle-, fish-farming, trawler fishing gear, eggs grading
X25-N02A|Current|(1987-    )|Feeding|||Automatic feeders, dispensers
X25-N02B|Current|(1987-    )|Milking||See also X25-P01C for milk processing, and X25-F03A for milk bottling.|Milking control, metering, monitoring
X25-N02C|Current|(1987-    )|Housing; fencing||Includes heating and air conditioning. For electric fence see X25-X11 also.|
X25-P|Current||Foodstuff industry, tobacco, pharmaceuticals|||
X25-P01|Current|(1983-    )|Bulk food processing||See T06-D02 for control details also.|Industrial cooking, bread baking, food sorting
X25-P01A|Current|(2002-    )|Industrial cooking/baking equipment||Includes industrial scale food processing such as mixing bread dough and kneading, and also industrial cooking/baking systems such as large scale ovens. For domestic cooking/baking see X27-C codes instead.|Packing, canning, tinning, sterilising, UV, microwave, ultrasonic, plasma
X25-P01B|Old|(2002-2005)|Industrial beer brewing equipment||Includes electrical aspects of large scale beer or wine making equipment. See X27-X02 only for small scale domestic brewing/wine making.|
X25-P01B|Current|(2006-    )|Industrial beer brewing/alcoholic beverage production equipment||From 2006, this code covers electrical details of all alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, spirits, etc. Includes electrical aspects of large scale beer or wine making equipment. See X27-X02 only for small scale domestic brewing/wine making. Also includes packaging/bottling of beverages. See also X25-F03A1 for bottling.|
X25-P01C|Current|(2002-    )|Milk processing||Includes pasteurisation. See X25-N02B for milking control, metering and monitoring for livestock. See X25-F03A for bottling of milk.|
X25-P01X|Current|(2002-    )|General food processing||Includes meat slicing, food packing/canning (also see X25-F03A for food packing/tinning). Also includes food/packaging sterilization/disinfection e.g. using mechanical cleaning, chemicals, heat, radiation or electricity. See e.g. X27-D10 for general domestic scale sterilizing/disinfecting. Also includes details for milling and polishing rice or other seeds.|Canning, flour polishing/milling, microwave, packing, plasma, rice polishing/milling, sterilizing, tinning, ultrasonic, UV
X25-P02|Current|(1987-    )|Pharmaceuticals||For control details see T06-D02A also.|
X25-P03|Current|(1997-    )|Tobacco|X25-P||Cigarette manufacture, perforating filter paper, cigarette packing
X25-Q|Current|(1980-    )|Metallurgic processes||For control details see T06-D09 also. For industrial furnaces per se, see X25-C. Also includes electrical details of powder metallurgy process (see also M22-H).|
X25-Q01|Current|(1983-    )|Iron and steel manufacture|||Furnace control, arc furnaces, blast furnaces, cupola
X25-Q02|Current|(1983-    )|Heat treatment, cold working, etc.|||Annealing, quenching, hardening, tempering
X25-R|Current||Electrolysis, electrophoresis|||
X25-R01|Current||For production of non-metals|||Terminals
X25-R01A|Current||Cells|||
X25-R01B|Current||Electrodes|||Anodes, cathodes
X25-R01C|Current||Separators|||Membranes, ion exchange separators, diaphragms
X25-R01D|Current||Control|||
X25-R02|Current||For metal refining, etc.|||Cells, Electrowinning, baths
X25-R03|Current||Electroforming|||
X25-R04|Current||Electroplating||Does not include electroless (e.g. nickel) plating via a chemical reduction process without use of electrical energy (see M13-B codes instead).|Electrodeposition
X25-R04A|Current||Cells|||Electrodes
X25-R04B|Current||Control|||Current control, measurements, monitoring
X25-R05|Current||Anodising|||Coating
X25-R06|Current||Electrolytic cleaning, etching, polishing; sacrificial anodes|||Corrosion protection, cathodic protection
X25-R07|Current|(1983-    )|Electrophoretic coating||Includes anodic and cathodic coating of electrode with non-conductive organic coating, where colloidal particles suspended in a liquid medium migrate under the influence of an electric field and are deposited onto the electrode.|Electropainting, E-coating, electrocoating, EP
X25-S|Current||Static electricity prevention||Includes lightning rods (see also X12-G) and materials.|Antistatic coatings, discharging
X25-S01|Current|(1992-    )|Clean room; computer installation||For use with computer installation see appropriate codes in T01, T04 also, for clean room see under U11-C15 also.|
X25-T|Current|(1983-    )|Textile and paper industries|X25-X||
X25-T01|Retired|(1983-2005)|Fibre, yarn, etc. manufacture*|X25-X|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X25-T04A from 2006. It is still searchable and remains valid for records from 1983-2005. See T06-D03B for control details also.|Spinning, winding, bobbins, twisting, combing, carding, crimping
X25-T02|Retired|(1983-2005)|Fabric manufacture*|X25-X|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X25-T04B from 2006. It is still searchable and remains valid for records from 1983-2005. From 2006 embroidery machines have been transferred to X25-T04C. See T06-D03C for control details also.|Knitting machines, tension-control, embroider, looms, wefting machines, warping machines
X25-T03|Retired|(1983-2005)|Sewing machines*|X25-X|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X25-T04C from 2006. It is still searchable and remains valid for records from 1983-2005. See T06-D03D for control details also.|
X25-T04|Current|(2006-    )|Textile industry|||Dyeing, printing, bleaching, binding
X25-T04A|Current|(2006-    )|Fibre, yarn, etc. mfr.||See T06-D03B also for control details.|Spinning, winding, bobbins, twisting, combing, carding, crimping
X25-T04B|Current|(2006-    )|Fabric manufacture||See T06-D03C also for control details.|Tension-control
X25-T04B1|Current|(2006-    )|Weaving machines|||Looms, wefting, warping machines, tension-control
X25-T04B2|Current|(2006-    )|Knitting machines|||Weft knitting
X25-T04B3|Current|(2006-    )|Non-woven fabric production machines||Includes production of non-woven fabrics such as wadding, felt or fleece, and the production of fabrics, e.g. by welding together thermoplastic fibres.|Cotton wool
X25-T04C|Current|(2006-    )|Sewing machines; Embroidery machines||See T06-D03D also for control details of sewing and embroidery machines.|Sew, emboider
X25-T04D|Current|(2007-    )|Textile printing||See also T04-G02J if using inkjet printing.|
X25-T04G|Current|(2006-    )|Other textile industry aspects||Includes industrial scale fabric pressing/ironing, fabric cutting, industrial electric scissors etc.|
X25-T05|New|(2017-    )|Industrial laundry equipment||Includes commercial and industrial laundry washing and drying equipment. Also includes industrial dry-cleaning plants (see also X25-H09),  laundry feeders (see also X25-F01), folders, industrial ironing equipment, stackers and garment baggers (see also X25-F03A). Drying details are also coded under X25-G, and cleaning details are also coded under X25-H codes. Domestic scale laundry washing and drying equipment is coded under X27-D only.|Batch dryer, washer extractor, batch washing system
X25-T09|Current|(1987-    )|Paper industry|X25-X|See T06-D03A also for control details.|
X25-T09A|Current|(2002-    )|Paper manufacture|||
X25-T09B|Current|(2002-    )|Cardboard manufacture|||
X25-T09C|Current|(2002-    )|Paper shredding/cutting||See X27-A02C also for domestic size shredder and business equipment.|
X25-T09G|Current|(2002-    )|Other paper industry aspects||See X25-W04 also for paper recycling. See X25-A02A also for paper press, and X25-F02A only for paper and envelope handling. Includes book binding (also see S06-C05).|Binding, printing
X25-U|Current|(1983-    )|Building, construction industry|X25-X||Concrete mixers, pile-drivers, stone cutters
X25-U01|Current|(1983-    )|Doors and windows|X25-X|Includes gates, skylights. Also includes lift doors. Lift doors are also coded under X25-F04.|Doors control, drive motors, garage door, road barrier, electrochromic covering
X25-U02|Current|(1997-    )|Car parks; car storage and retrieval|X25-X||
X25-U05|Current|(1987-    )|Road construction; road maintenance e.g. road cleaning, gritting||Includes electrical details of road tunnels, e.g. ventilation system. Also includes monitoring of road condition, e.g. damage of road surface. If road condition is transmitted to the driver of a vehicle, T07-G02 should also be applied. If the monitoring system is mounted on the vehicle, see X22 only.|Deicing, snow ploughs
X25-V|Current|(1987-    )|Cryogenics|X25-X|Includes electrical aspects of cryogenics producing very low temperatures (i.e. below -150 degrees Celsius).|
X25-W|Current|(1997-    )|Industrial waste disposal, electric steam boilers|X25-X||
X25-W01|Current|(1997-    )|Industrial waste disposal||Includes details of large scale garbage disposal control system. Recycling processes/systems are coded under X25-W04 only. Does not include radioactive waste disposal (See K07-B or X14-D).|
X25-W01A|Current|(2002-    )|Incinerators|||
X25-W02|Current|(1997-    )|Electric steam boilers|X25-X||
X25-W04|Current|(2002-    )|Recycling processes/systems||Includes recycling processes for plastics, paper and aluminium, as well as retrieval and sorting of waste for recycling. See also X25-F06 for sorting, and X25-T09 for paper industry. For recycling of copier and printer components also see S06-K04C. Water recycling is also coded under X25-H03.|
X25-X|Current||Other industrial electric equipment||Includes fume cupboard ventilators, riveting etc.|
X25-X01|Current|(2002-    )|Timber industry||Includes tree felling and transporting equipment, wood drying (see X25-G also) and sawing of lumber. For wood working such as wood turning, see X25-A10 instead.|
X25-X02|Current|(2002-    )|Vermin/insect extermination, repulsion or trapping||Includes devices for killing, trapping and deterring/scaring pests such as rats or flies. See X27-X for domestic insecticide dispenser, and X25-N01 for arable insecticide spraying.|
X25-X03|Current|(2002-    )|Killing and stunning of animals||Includes abattoirs. SeeX25-N02 for livestock animals.|Abattoir, stun
X25-X04|Current|(2002-    )|Ozone manufacture||Also see X27-E01B2 for air-conditioning, and X12-F03.|
X25-X05|Current|(2002-    )|Fire fighting equipment||Includes details of early fire warning systems in e.g. buildings. W05-B02 codes are also assigned for fire alarms.|Sprinklers
X25-X06|Current|(2002-    )|Swimming pools||Includes electrically operated covers, lights, heaters, etc. See X26 for lighting and X27-E03/X25-B for electric water heating.|
X25-X07|Current|(2002-    )|Leather working/cutting||See X27-A02B1B also for footwear manufacture.|
X25-X08|Current|(2002-    )|Stirling engines||Includes engines used in refrigeration systems. See X27-F for refrigeration.|
X25-X09|Current|(2002-    )|Lubricating systems|||
X25-X10|Current|(2002-    )|Engraving systems||Includes stamping. See X25-A02D for punching/stamping.|
X25-X11|Current|(2002-    )|Electric fence||See also X25-N02C for livestock fencing.|
X25-X12|Current|(2002-    )|General industrial safety systems||Used in conjunction with other X25 codes as appropriate.|
X25-X13|Current|(2005-    )|Industrial combustion||Includes boilers using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels and involving electrical aspects. Domestic scale combustion, e.g. central heating gas boiler, is not included - see X27-G.|
X25-X14|Current|(2005-    )|Manufacturing/assembly plants||Includes assembly line systems and general manufacturing plants. For novel assembly/manufacturing devices such as manipulators or conveyors see X25-A03E and X25-F01 respectively.|Vehicle assembly line, car manufacturing plant
X25-X20|Current|(2008-    )|Weather influencing/manipulation||Includes all electrical aspects of systems for controlling weather conditions such as using artificial lightning to produce rain or disperse clouds. Also includes electrical aspects associated with dispersing materials for cloud seeding. For measurement of weather conditions see S03-D codes, and see W06-B01C9 for aircraft-mounted weather influencing systems.|
X25-Y|Current|(1997-    )|Pipelines|X25-X||
X25-Y01|Retired|(1997-2004)|Toilets*|X25-X|*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X27-L from 2005. It is still searchable and remains valid for records from 1997-2004. Public and domestic toilets and urinals. Includes toilets with integral bidets (see X27-A02A also).|
X25-Y02|Current|(1997-    )|Pipelines|X25-X|Includes flow control valves, sensors and other electrical components, e.g. for large scale oil, sewage and water pipes. See also X25-L01 for valves per se, and X25-H03 for water and sewage treatment.|
X26|Current||Lighting||(1) Also includes illumination obtained by unconventional sources like LED, EL devices. However, such devices used for displays and signalling are not included. (2) Vehicle lamp circuitry / control and mounting arrangements onto vehicle body are coded in X22 only. X26 codes are applied to highlight the type of lamp (e.g.LED, incandescent, etc), or novel details of fixtures (e.g. lenses, refractors, etc.).|
X26-A|Current||Discharge (including arc) lamps||Discharge tubes for purposes other than lighting are in V05.|
X26-A01|Current||Lamps|||
X26-A01A|Current||Multi-discharge path, arc, electron-stream and external electrode lamps|||Xenon lamp
X26-A01B|Current|(1987-    )|Electrode-less, microwave lamps|X26-A01X||Waveguides, antennae, EM coils, field generation, inductive coupling, travelling wave discharge, microwave discharge, capacitive discharge, Sulphur lamp
X26-A01B1|Current|(2008-    )|Plasma lamp||Includes electrode-less lamps using plasma discharge.|
X26-A01C|Current|(1997-    )|Dielectric barrier discharge lamp|X26-A01X||
X26-A01D|Current|(2002-    )|High pressure discharge lamps||Covers metal halide, sodium vapour, etc lamps.|HID, high intensity discharge
X26-A01E|Current|(2002-    )|Low pressure discharge lamps||Covers mercury, sodium, etc lamps operating at fractional pressures. Low pressure electrodeless and fluorescent lamps are in X26-A01B and X26-A01E1, respectively.|Deuterium arc lamp
X26-A01E1|Current|(2002-    )|Fluorescent lamps|||
X26-A01X|Current||Discharge lamps - other|||
X26-A02|Current||Construction|||
X26-A02A|Current||Containers; seals||Includes end caps.|
X26-A02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Seals; leading-in conductors|||Leads, cement, cermet seals
X26-A02A2|Current|(1992-    )|Containers|||Bulb, envelope, chamber, tube
X26-A02A2A|Current|(2002-    )|Inner envelope|||
X26-A02A2B|Current|(2002-    )|Outer envelope|||
X26-A02B|Current||Electrodes, shields, screens|||
X26-A02C|Current||Fillings|||Metal halides, mercury, sodium, iodides
X26-A02D|Current||Filters, phosphors|||Fluorescent coatings, luminescent coatings
X26-A02E|Current|(2002-    )|Inductor or HF coil|X26-A02X|Includes coil and toroidal core for operating electrodeless lamp. Coil arrangements, e.g. for impedance matching, are also covered by the relevant V02-F and U25 codes.|
X26-A02F|Current|(2005-    )|Integral light source and reflector||For reflectors as part of a light fixture, see X26-D01A.|
X26-A02G|Current|(2005-    )|Integral operating circuit/envelope||Includes constructional details of the combination. Electrical details of the operating circuits are covered by X26-C01 codes.|
X26-A02X|Current||Other discharge lamp constructional details||Includes pressure maintenance, gettering, tube-shatter prevention, cooling, etc.|Amalgams
X26-A03|Current||Manufacture||Also includes testing, phosphor recovery, packaging, etc.|
X26-A03A|Current|(1992-    )|Welding end caps|||
X26-A03B|Current|(1992-    )|Container||Includes coating of films.|
X26-A03C|Current|(1992-    )|Electrodes|||
X26-B|Current||Incandescent lamps|||
X26-B01|Current||Lamps||Includes photo-flash bulbs (see also S06-B03B).|Photoflash arrays, primers
X26-B01A|Current|(2005-    )|Halogen lamps|||Tungsten lamp
X26-B01B|Current|(2005-    )|Heating lamp||See X25-B/X27-C codes, respectively, for industrial/cooking/heating applications.|
X26-B02|Current||Constructional details|||
X26-B02A|Current||Envelopes, seals, filament mountings, connections|||
X26-B02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Envelopes, seals||Includes end caps, filters e.g. coated onto the inside of the envelope.|Bulbs
X26-B02A2|Current|(1987-    )|Filament mountings, connections||Also includes lead wires, lead-in conductors.|
X26-B02A3|Current|(2005-    )|Filaments|X26-B02X||
X26-B02B|Current|(2005-    )|Integral light source and reflector||For reflectors as part of a light fixture, see X26-D01A.|
X26-B02X|Current||Other incandescent lamp constructional details||Includes fillings, getters, etc.|
X26-B03|Current||Manufacture||Also includes testing, packaging etc.|
X26-B03A|Current|(1992-    )|Incandescent bodies|||
X26-B03B|Current|(1992-    )|Vessels|||
X26-C|Current||Lamp operation and control||Vehicle lamp circuitry and control are coded in X22-B01F only. LED circuitry and control are coded in X26-H03 only.|
X26-C01|Current||Discharge (including arc) lamps||For unspecified lamp-type controllers, see X26-C03 codes.|
X26-C01A|Current||Operating and controlling flashlamps||For camera flash see S06-B03A also.|Strobes
X26-C01B|Current||Lamp operating circuits; starters|||
X26-C01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Inductive ballast; inductive components; starter switches||Includes normally non-electronic starting aids.|
X26-C01B1A|Current|(2005-    )|Inductive ballast||Includes inductive starting circuit.|
X26-C01B1C|Current|(2005-    )|Inductive components||Includes novel inductors/transformers specifically for use in (non)electronic ballasts. See V02-G codes for further details for reactors and transformers.|
X26-C01B2|Current|(1992-    )|Electronic ballast|||Ignition circuit
X26-C01B2A|Current|(1992-    )|Inverters||See also U24-D05 codes for further details.|
X26-C01B3|Current|(1992-    )|For electrodeless lamps||This lamp-type code is used with the above 'ballast' codes, as appropriate.|
X26-C01B4|Current|(2002-    )|For high pressure discharge lamps||This lamp-type code is used with the above 'ballast' codes, as appropriate.|
X26-C01B5|Current|(2002-    )|For low pressure discharge lamps||This lamp-type code is used with the above 'ballast' codes, as appropriate.|
X26-C01B5A|Current|(2005-    )|Fluorescent lamp|||CCFL, cold cathode fluorescent lamp
X26-C01C|Current||Controlling lamp intensity|||Dimming
X26-C01D|Current|(2005-    )|Current/power/voltage control|||
X26-C01E|Current|(2005-    )|Remote control||See also W05-D codes for remote controllers.|
X26-C01X|Current||Discharge lamp operation/control - other|||
X26-C02|Current||Incandescent lamps||For unspecified lamp-type controllers, see X26-C03 codes.|
X26-C02A|Current|(2005-    )|Halogen lamps|||
X26-C02B|Current|(2005-    )|Heating lamp||See X25-B/X27-C codes, respectively, for industrial/cooking/heating applications.|
X26-C02C|Current|(2005-    )|Dimmer||See also W05-D codes for remote controllers.|
X26-C03|Current||Lamps (general)|||Transformers
X26-C03A|Current||Regulating voltage or current; controlling intensity|||
X26-C03A1|Current|(1992-    )|Regulating voltage or current|||
X26-C03A5|Current|(1992-    )|Controlling intensity|||Dimming
X26-C03C|Current|(1992-    )|Remote-controlled switching|X26-C03X|Includes all aspects of remotely controlling the light, including remotely adjusting the brightness (also coded in X26-C03A5) and remotely switching the light on/off (also coded in X26-C03E). See also W05-D codes.|
X26-C03E|Current|(1992-    )|On-off switching|X26-C03X|Includes use of person presence/absence detection.|
X26-C03X|Current||General lamp circuit arrangements - other||Includes circuitry to detect lamp failure.|
X26-D|Current|(1983-    )|Fixtures||Arrangement details for supporting, suspending or attaching the light/lamp to e.g. a wall, ceiling, floor, etc, not involving details of light distribution are coded by X26-R. For vehicle lighting, see also X22-B codes.|
X26-D01|Current|(1992-    )|Reflectors, refractors, diffusers, lenses, filters, screens||Generally, includes items considered to be part of the light fitting structure. So, excludes optical systems that are at some distance from the light source.|
X26-D01A|Current|(2002-    )|Reflectors|||
X26-D01B|Current|(2002-    )|Refractors|||Lens
X26-D01C|Current|(2002-    )|Filters|||
X26-D01D|Current|(2002-    )|Screens|||Gobo, Goes-Before-Optics
X26-D01E|Current|(2002-    )|Diffuser||A diffuser in the form of a cover for a light fitting is also coded in X26-D03.|
X26-D01E1|Current|(2002-    )|For display||Includes diffusers for back- and edge-lighting arrangements for displays (see also X26-U04A1 and X26-U04A2 respectively). See also W05-E05B codes (only for records prior to 2007) and U14-K01A codes, respectively, for general display and LCD back-lighting.|
X26-D01F|Current|(2002-    )|Light guide||Includes light guides such as a plate, glass block, optical fibre, etc. used locally within a light fitting. For guiding of light over some distance, see X26-G. Where the light guiding aspect relates to the backlighting of an LCD, see also U14-K01A and W05-E05B (only for records prior to 2007) codes.|
X26-D01G|Current|(2002-    )|Polariser|||
X26-D02|Current|(1992-    )|Cooling||For cooling arrangements associated with the lamp itself, see X26-A02X and X26-B02X.|
X26-D03|Current|(2002-    )|Housing or case for light fitting||Includes protective fittings such as a cage, etc. Also includes cover glasses, globes and bowls as part of the housing for the light fitting. This code is used in conjunction with other codes as appropriate, e.g. X26-D01E for a globe with diffusing property.|
X26-E|Current|(1983-    )|Portable lights|X26-X|Includes lights which can be carried around personally or moved around.|
X26-E01|Current|(1987-    )|Portable battery powered lights|||
X26-E01A|Current|(2005-    )|Torches|||Flashlights
X26-E01A1|Current|(2005-    )|Led-based|||
X26-E01B|Current|(2005-    )|Lanterns|||
X26-E01C|Current|(2005-    )|Penlights|||
X26-E01D|Current|(2005-    )|Key ring lights|||
X26-E01E|Old|(2005-2005)|Solar garden/path lights||Includes garden/path lights, etc.|
X26-E01E|Current|(2006-    )|Solar-powered light||From 2006, this code has been expanded to include all small solar powered lights, such as garden/path lights, etc. Details of the solar cells are covered by X15-A codes.|
X26-E01F|Current|(2005-    )|Wearable||Includes portable lights mounted on clothing, shoes, jewellery etc. |Watch, helmet mine lamp
X26-E02|Current|(1987-    )|Portable mains-powered lights|||
X26-E02A|Current|(2005-    )|Table lamps|||
X26-E02B|Current|(2005-    )|Floor lamp|||
X26-E02C|Current|(2005-    )|Emergency||Includes portable and fixed emergency lights, e.g. exit lights with batteries previously charged by the mains, and emergency lights in an operating theatre when the main power is off.|
X26-E02D|Current|(2005-    )|Night light||Includes light/mains plug combinations used in, say, children's rooms.|
X26-F|Current|(1987-    )|Lamp holders|X26-A02X, X26-B02X|See also V04-K01.|Bayonet, screw holder
X26-G|Current|(1987-    )|Illumination using optical fibres|X26-X|Includes, in general, the use of guides such as optical fibres, rods, etc in leading light from a source to a distant location. For light guiding structures within a light fitting or for 'local' use, see X26-D01F. For optical fibre-based illumination, see also V07-N03. Guiding of solar/sun light is not included unless a space is illuminated with a combination of natural and electric lights with, for example, the latter controlled to supplement or supplant natural light depending on ambient conditions.|
X26-H|Current|(1992-    )|LEDs; circuits|X26-X|Includes all LEDs only when used for illumination. OLEDs or organic LED-based lighting is covered by X26-J only.|
X26-H01|Current|(2008-    )|LEDs||Includes semiconductor P-N junction type LEDs, per se, when used for illumination. See also U12-A01 codes for more details of the diodes. OLEDs or organic LED-based lighting is covered by X26-J.|
X26-H02|Current|(2009-    )|Constructional details of LED lights||Includes constructional details of LED lamps such as envelopes, lead wires, lead-in conductors, reflectors, etc. See also X26-D codes for cooling arrangements (X26-D02), reflectors (X26-D01A), housings (X26-D03), etc.|Leading-in conductor, seal
X26-H03|Current|(2008-    )|LED circuits/control|||
X26-H03A|Current|(2011-    )|LED circuits||Includes circuits for driving/operating LEDs. See also U12-A01A5 codes.|
X26-H03C|Current|(2011-    )|LED control||Includes voltage control, intensity control, remote switching, on/off control, etc. LED control only coded here and does not need an X26-C03 code to be applied.|
X26-J|Current|(1992-    )|Electroluminescent devices (EL)|X26-X|Includes electroluminescent devices - such as OLEDs - and their circuits, when used for illumination. Does not includes EL/OLED (organic LED) displays. See also U14-J codes for all electroluminescent light sources and displays. Manufacture of electroluminescent light sources are not covered by X26 codes, but by U14-J codes only. LED-based lighting is covered by X26-H only.|
X26-K|Current|(1992-    )|Stage lighting|X26-X||Gobo, Goes-Before-Optics
X26-L|Current|(2002-    )|Beam aiming arrangement|X26-X|Includes motorised movement of, for example, a reflector to vary beam direction. See X22-B01E also for vehicle applications. Also includes movement of the light, per se, as in stage lights, etc.|Searchlight positioning
X26-M|Current|(2002-    )|Decorative or special-effects lighting|X26-X|Includes lighting for Christmas decorations, etc. See also W04-X03C for novelties and ornamental lights.|Light strings
X26-N|Current|(2002-    )|Laser|X26-X|Includes arrangement of lasers for illumination. See V08 codes for claimed details of lasers.|
X26-P|Current|(2002-    )|Shades|X26-X||
X26-Q|Current|(2008-    )|Lamps with non-visible output||Includes lamps that primarily produce illumination outside of the visible spectrum.|
X26-Q01|Current|(2008-    )|IR lamps||Includes all lamps that produce IR illumination, e.g. IR LEDS (see also X26-H codes) used for night vision/surveillance system illumination. Can be used in conjunction with other X26 codes as appropriate, such as X26-U03 for infrared lamps used for heating/curing. See also X25-B01H for infrared heating lamps, and X27-C02A for domestic cooking hobs using infrared lamps.|Infrared, IR
X26-Q03|Current|(2008-    )|UV lamps||Includes all lamps that produce UV illumination, e.g. fluorescent black-lights (see also X26-A codes) and sun tan lamps (see also X26-U01).|Ultraviolet, UV
X26-R|Current|(2010-    )|Supporting/suspending arrangements for light fitting|X26-X|Includes arrangement details for supporting, suspending or attaching the light/lamp to e.g. a wall, ceiling, floor, inside a refrigerator, in a vehicle, etc. Includes wall, ceiling or floor attachments, lamp posts, clips, clamps, suction or magnetic attachments, details of pendants, hand grips, etc. Details of light distribution, e.g. reflectors, refractors, filters, polarisers, etc, are covered by X26-D codes.|
X26-S|New|(2017-    )|Solar lights||Covers all kinds of non-portable lights powered by solar energy.|Solar
X26-U|Current|(2005-    )|Lighting application||To be used with other relevant X26 codes. See also appropriate classes e.g. S05 for medical applications.|
X26-U01|Current|(2005-    )|Cosmetic||Includes lights for sun tanning, and (flashing) lights for toothbrushes, vanity/compact mirrors, etc. See also X27 codes.|
X26-U02|Current|(2005-    )|Medical||Includes lights used during treatment of acne, jaundice, psoriasis, etc., during photo-chemistry, colour and light therapies, in surgical instruments (e.g. endoscope), etc.|
X26-U03|Current|(2005-    )|Heating/curing, disinfection/sterilisation||Includes e.g. IR heat lamps or UV lamps used for curing adhesives or inks. Not used when X26-B01B/C02B are applied. See also X25-B01H for infrared heating lamps.|
X26-U04|Current|(2005-    )|Displays/signs||For backlighting.|
X26-U04A|Current|(2007-    )|Displays||Includes light sources and fittings for lighting of displays. For LCDs see also U14-K01A codes, and T04-H03D if for computer monitors.|
X26-U04A1|Current|(2007-    )|Back-lighting||See also U14-K01A4C for LCD backlighting. For records prior to 2007, see also W05-E05B1.|
X26-U04A2|Current|(2007-    )|Edge-lighting||For records prior to 2007, see also W05-E05B3.|
X26-U04B|Current|(2007-    )|Signs||Includes the lighting of any translucent or transparent information source, such as advertisements (see also W05-E03A1), traffic-related signs (see also T07-B codes and X26-U06 for street signs), etc.|
X26-U05|Current|(2005-    )|General lighting system||Includes general lighting systems on building sites.|GLS
X26-U05A|Current|(2005-    )|General commercial lighting||Includes general lighting arrangements used specifically in commercial/business applications such as office lighting.|
X26-U05B|Current|(2009-    )|General domestic lighting||Includes general lighting arrangements used in domestic settings, e.g. ceiling pendant lights, wall lights, bathroom mirror lights. Also includes lighting arrangements in domestic appliances (e.g. refrigerator, oven, hood, furniture, etc.), and garden lighting. Lights for toothbrushes are coded under X26-U01 only. Domestic applications are also coded under X27 codes.|
X26-U06|Current|(2005-    )|Street||Includes street lighting (e.g. lamppost), illuminated traffic bollards (also see T07-X), and lighted signs, such as road signs (also see T07-B codes). Illuminated road signs are also coded under X26-U04B and T07-B codes. Also includes lighting details of traffic lights (see T07-B05A for traffic signalling per se). Includes tunnel and bridge lighting details.|Lamppost, bollard, road markings
X26-U07|Current|(2005-    )|Vehicle||Includes lighting for motor vehicle, electric vehicle and train.|
X26-U08|Current|(2005-    )|Marine vessels|||
X26-U09|Current|(2005-    )|Aircraft/space craft|||
X26-U10|Current|(2006-    )|Projectors||Includes display projectors and cine projectors. See also W04-Q01 and S06-B, codes respectively.|
X26-U11|Current|(2006-    )|Cameras|||
X26-U11A|Current|(2006-    )|Digital camera||See also W04-M01 codes.|
X26-U11B|Current|(2006-    )|Film based-camera||See also S06-B codes.|
X26-U12|Current|(2016-    )|Plant growth||Includes LEDs or any other lighting arrangements for plant growing purpose.|Greenhouse
X26-U99|Current|(2006-    )|Other lighting applications||Includes light arrangement in reptile houses, aquaria, vivaria, umbrellas, vases, sewing machines, screwdrivers, keys, handbags, clothes, rucksacks, walking stick lights, etc. Cosmetic items, e.g. toothbrushes, are coded under X26-U01 only. See also X27 codes for domestic/personal items. Also includes teaching equipment using training and simulation aids, i.e. for illustrating light refraction, etc.|
X26-X|Current|(1980-    )|Other light sources and details||Covers lighting details not involving light emission (X26-A, etc), light distribution (X26-D) or light/lamp attachments. Includes light strings/garland, etc. Light strings for Christmas lights or other decorative or novelty lights are also coded in X26-M. From 2010 see X26-R only for supporting/suspending arrangements for light fitting. Also includes water-tight and gas-tight arrangements.|
X27|Current||Domestic electrical appliances||Also includes industrial cooking, space heating, refrigeration and combustion, with significant electrical content. Non-electrical domestic appliances with some electrical aspects are also covered here.|
X27-A|Current||Garden and personal articles|||
X27-A01|Current|(1983-    )|Garden equipment||Includes electrical aspects only e.g. power distribution, motor, switch, lighting, etc. Includes potted plants and domestic greenhouses.|
X27-A01A|Current|(1987-    )|Lawn mower, hedge clipper||Includes hedge trimmers, Strimmers (RTM), tree and shrubs clippers, and also robotic type lawn mowers (T06-B01A may also be required for 2-D position control).|Electric motor, switch, cable, IC engine, protective cut-out
X27-A01B|Current|(2006-    )|Garden furniture||Includes garden furniture such as patio heaters, patio umbrellas etc. incorporating some electrical content, such as built-in lights (see also X26 codes).|
X27-A02|Current|(1983-    )|Personal articles||Includes e.g. calorie counter, bathroom scales, hair thickening device, umbrella, beauty treatment, powder compact, pill timing/warning device, also W05-A and S05-X, key finder (see W05-A also depending on transmission details). Wristwatches are not included - see S04. From 201501, non-electrical details of umbrellas are coded under P24-A02.|Facial steamer
X27-A02A|Current|(1983-    )|Personal hygiene||Includes articles for washing - e.g. foot washers, bidets, contact lens steriliser, incontinence detector, roller towel, etc.|
X27-A02A1|Current|(1987-    )|Driers, hair curlers||Includes drier for hair, hands, feet, nail polish and body. Also includes hair extension apparatus and hair straighteners etc. From 201501, non-electrical details of hair curlers, etc, are coded under P24-C01.|Heating element, hair brush, smoothing tongs
X27-A02A2|Current|(1987-    )|Massaging devices, sunbeds||Includes light sources. See also S05-A and X26-A.|Solarium, ultraviolet, lamp, tan, UV, sunbed
X27-A02A3|Current|(1987-    )|Electric toothbrushes, electric razors|||
X27-A02A3A|Current|(1992-    )|Electric toothbrushes||Includes electric toothbrushes and toothpaste dispensers. From 201501, non-electrical details of manual toothbrushes are coded under P24-E.|Motor, switch, head, brush, battery, toothpaste dispenser
X27-A02A3B|Current|(1992-    )|Electric razors; hair clippers; depilatory tool|X27-A02A|Includes all aspects e.g. blades, foil, handle. Also includes electric hair clipper. From 201501, non-electrical details of shaving equipment are coded under P24-C02.|Head, motor, switch, brush, battery, wet, dry
X27-A02A4|Current|(1997-    )|Bath; wash basin|X27-X|Includes electrical aspects such as electric mixer tap or presence detector. For electric water heating aspects of e.g. showers or baths, see X27-E03A1 only.|Sink, tap, detector, EM valve
X27-A02B|Current|(1983-    )|Clothing, jewellery||Includes electrical aspects only, flashing badges, shirts, buttons etc., see also W05-A as appropriate.|
X27-A02B1|Current|(1987-    )|Clothing||Includes electrical aspects only. X27-A02B1 codes can be used alone or in conjunction with one another depending on claimed aspects.|Backpack, rucksack
X27-A02B1A|Current|(2002-    )|Garments||Includes electrical aspects of e.g. shirts, buttons, protective helmets, heated gloves, life jackets.|
X27-A02B1B|Current|(2002-    )|Footwear and its manufacture||Includes safety boots and shoes (see X25-X07 for electrical aspects of leather cutting).|
X27-A02B1E|Current|(2005-    )|With integral electrical parts||Includes clothing in which e.g. lighting, sensors, wiring, heating elements (see-X25-B01 codes), actuators and other electrical parts are integrated into fabric. E.g. includes electrical elements such as resistive heating elements woven into fabric, flexible electrical coatings applied to fabric or fibres, or e.g. light moulded into plastic sole of shoe. Also see X25-T codes for fabric manufacture per se.|
X27-A02B1F|Current|(2005-    )|With attachable electrical parts||Includes electrical parts that are attachable to clothing. E.g. includes LED fixed to cap by clip, or LED incorporated in button that is sewn onto e.g. shirt fabric.|
X27-A02B2|Current|(1987-    )|Jewellery||In general includes jewellery with electrical devices e.g. flashing LEDs to create eye-catching effect.|Brooch, clip, jewel
X27-A02C|Current|(1987-    )|Stationery and business equipment||Includes electrical aspects only of pens, briefcases, diaries, files incorporating computer, note pads, etc. For notepad computers and PDAs see T01 only, and for electronic blackboards and other conference equipment see W04-W05 only.|Bag, magnetic clasp or button, suitcases
X27-A02D|Current||Spectacles, goggles||Includes electrical aspects only, e.g. liquid crystal light valve for welding goggles, see X24 also. For the manufacture of glasses see also X25-A03C2 and X25-A05 for glass lenses or X25-A06 for soft, plastic lenses. Includes software/computer systems to design specific spectacles for a wearer (see also T01). Spectactle based displays for video information are covered by W03-A08E7.|
X27-A02E|Current|(2007-    )|Walking stick||Includes sticks with integral electrical components. Also see S05-K01 for walking sticks used by physically challenged person. From 201501, non-electrical details of walking sticks are coded under P24-A01.|
X27-A02F|Current|(2014-    )|Electronic cigarettes||Includes details of atomizer, cartridge, disposable cartomizer. Packaging details are coded under Q34-M02. Electrical details of tobacco cigarettes (including their manufacture) are coded under X25-P03. |E-cigarette, personal vaporizer, PV, electronic nicotine delivery system, ENDS
X27-A03|Current|(1997-    )|Furniture||Includes electrical aspects only of mattresses, beds, chairs, tables, seats, sofas, pillows (including travel pillows), cushions, etc. Includes lighting arrangement integrated to furniture. Heater for seats, beds, etc. are also coded under X27-E02. See also X25-B codes for novel electrical heating per se. See also X26 codes for novel lighting elements.|Mattress, chair, table, cupboard
X27-B|Current|(1980-    )|Kitchen appliances||Includes all aspects of electrical kitchen appliances. Tableware, glassware and cutlery (with no electrical content) are coded under P27-B03. Other non-electrical kitchen equipment, such as spice racks, egg slicers, coffee grinder, vacuum flasks, etc. are coded under P28-A.|
X27-B01|Current|(1983-    )|Tea/coffee machines, kettles||Includes water reservoir, flow heater, jug, jug funnel etc. Excludes paper filters and funnels for cups. Large size coffee/tea machine, see X25-P01 also.|Percolator, cappuccino machine, expresso maker
X27-B02|Current|(1987-    )|Pop-up toaster|||
X27-B03|Current|(1987-    )|Food processors/mixers||Includes juice extractor, processor tools, ice-cream manufacture, fruits and vegetables peeling machines. See X27-C08 instead for bread makers. Small handheld fruit and vegetable peelers are coded under X27-B04.|Motor, beater, grinder, chopper, blade, churner
X27-B04|Current|(1987-    )|Knives, Tin openers||Includes bottle openers, and handheld fruit and vegetable peelers.|Can opener
X27-B05|Current|(1997-    )|Extractor hood|X27-B|For extractors for toilets, see X27-L. For ventilators per se, see X27-E01B1.|
X27-B09|Current|(2007-    )|Other kitchen appliances||Includes food warmer for serving trolley, post-mix beverage dispenser for carbonated drinks, milk frother (see X27-B01 instead if part of cappuccino machine), buffet food container with automatic lid etc. Also includes cutlery or drinking vessels (cups, glasses, etc.) with electrical content, such as integrated lights, temperature displays, etc. Cutlery specially made for children/babies, such as spoon with temperature display, should also be coded under X27-X01. |
X27-C|Current||Cooking appliances||Includes all aspects of appts. using electrical heating, and electrical aspects only of gas cooker. Excludes discardable hob covers e.g. metal foil.|
X27-C01|Current|(1983-    )|Microwave ovens||See also X25-B02B for microwave heating in general. Covers all aspects, including heater for browning, switches, fans, lamps, etc. Microwave-transparent cooking-ware is included only if the patent bears an 'H' IPC.|
X27-C01A|Current|(1987-    )|Constructional details||Includes chamber/cavity, door, seal, interlocks etc.|
X27-C01B|Current|(1987-    )|Magnetron, control, waveguide, turntable|||
X27-C01B1|Current|(1992-    )|Magnetron, waveguide, turntable|||Antenna
X27-C01B3|Current|(1992-    )|Control and power supplies of microwave oven|||Timer, programmer
X27-C02|Current|(1983-    )|Electric ovens, hobs|||Ceramic, plate, glass, hotplate
X27-C02A|Current|(1987-    )|Using lamps||Lamps are also in X26-B.|Filament, halogen, incandescent, infrared, tungsten
X27-C02C|Current|(2002-    )|Fan assisted electric oven|||
X27-C03|Current|(1987-    )|Electric grills and electric fryers|X27-C09||
X27-C03A|Current|(1992-    )|Electric deep-fat fryers|||Rotofryer, twin fryer
X27-C03B|Current|(1992-    )|Electric grill; oven toaster; electric roaster|||
X27-C03C|Current|(1992-    )|Electric griddle||Includes sandwich maker, steak griddle etc.|
X27-C03D|Current|(2009-    )|Electric fryer pans; electric woks||Electric deep-fat fryers are coded under X27-C03A only.|
X27-C04|Current|(1987-    )|Electric steamer; electric pressure and rice cookers|X27-C09|Includes cooking by steam using self-contained vessel with heater.|Rice cooker, egg steamer, pressure cooker
X27-C05|Current|(1987-    )|Gas cooker|X27-C09|Includes electric aspects only. Gas igniters are in X27-G01 only, unless forming part of cooker construction, e.g. pilot lighter.|Hob, burner, valve
X27-C06|Current|(1987-    )|Induction cooker|X27-C09|See also X25-B02A for general aspects of induction heating.|
X27-C07|Current|(1992-    )|Combination oven||Includes joint cooking apparatus such as resistance, microwave, convection. See appropriate X25, X27 codes for claimed heating.|
X27-C08|Current|(2006-    )|Breadmaker||For specific electric heating details also see appropriate X25-B codes.|
X27-C09|Current|(1983-    )|Other cooking appliances||Includes electrical devices inserted into food to measure temperature, cooking time estimation. Also includes slow cookers, and other cooking vessels with electrical content not covered by other X27-C codes. Non-electrical cookware and ovenware are coded under P28-A02 only.|
X27-D|Current|(1980-    )|Cleaning and disinfecting appliances||Includes all aspects of domestic cleaning. Commercial and industrial laundry washing and drying machines are coded under X25-T05 only. General cleaning is also in X25-H09.|
X27-D01|Current|(1983-    )|Washing machines||Includes all aspects, e.g. feet, doors, water inlet/outlets pipes etc. Excludes kitchen 'furniture' aspects such as worktop under which machine is kept.|Control, programme timer switch, cam, pump, detergent dispenser, motor, laundry machine, drum, packaging for machine
X27-D01A|Current|(1983-    )|Clothes washer||Also see X27-D07 codes for mixed mode cleaning, e.g. using ultraviolet radiation to kill bacteria. Also includes details of washing machines specifically made for washing shoes.|
X27-D01A1|Current|(2007-    )|Machine types|||
X27-D01A1A|Current|(2007-    )|Vertical axis washer||Includes vertical axis top loader machines.|
X27-D01A1B|Current|(2007-    )|Front loading horizontal axis washer||Includes drum type washer.|
X27-D01A1C|Current|(2007-    )|Top loading horizontal axis washer|||
X27-D01A1D|Current|(2007-    )|Tilt axis washer||Includes fixed and variable tilt axis washers.|
X27-D01A1X|Current|(2007-    )|Other machine types||Includes twin tub machines.|
X27-D01A3|Current|(2007-    )|Component parts/constructional details|||
X27-D01A3A|Current|(2007-    )|Providing mechanical energy to clothes||Includes drums, lifters, agitators, pulsators.|
X27-D01A3B|Current|(2007-    )|Drive arrangements||Includes drive motors, drive belts and transmissions. See also V06-M codes for novel motors/transmissions per se.|Contra rotation
X27-D01A3C|Current|(2007-    )|Casings||Includes machine housings, doors, seals, feet, wheels, insulation etc.|
X27-D01A3D|Current|(2007-    )|Dispensing systems||Includes soap powder and fabric conditioner dispenser trays and from 2007 ball type dispensers placed in the washing machine drum.|
X27-D01A3E|Current|(2007-    )|Liquid management systems||Includes water supply/discharge pipes, valves, pumps, pump seals, water heaters, water recirculation and spray systems.|
X27-D01A3F|Current|(2007-    )|Vibration damping systems||Includes active suspensions and counter weights for reducing machine noise and vibration.|
X27-D01A3X|Current|(2007-    )|Other component parts||Includes packaging such as boxes and transit bolts.|
X27-D01A5|Current|(2007-    )|Control systems of clothes washers||Includes all electrical control aspects such as programme timer switches. Also see T06-A05C for use of control algorithms to optimise wash cycle according to sensed parameters. For control of mechanical variables such as liquid flow or level, also see T06-B codes.|
X27-D01B|Current|(1983-    )|Dishwashers||Also see X27-D07 codes for mixed mode cleaning, e.g. using ultrasonic vibration to enhance cleaning action.|
X27-D01B1|Current|(2007-    )|Machine types|||
X27-D01B1A|Current|(2007-    )|Built-in or wheeled||Includes front loading traditional type full size or slimline dishwashers.|Free-standing
X27-D01B1B|Current|(2007-    )|Drawer type||Includes twin drawer.|
X27-D01B1X|Current|(2007-    )|Other configurations||Includes top loading or portable small l size 'counter top' dishwashers, and ultrasonic washers incorporated into a sink (see also X27-D07A).|
X27-D01B3|Current|(2007-    )|Component parts/constructional details|||
X27-D01B3A|Current|(2007-    )|Racks|||
X27-D01B3B|Current|(2007-    )|Drive arrangements||Includes pump drive motors, belts, transmissions etc.|
X27-D01B3C|Current|(2007-    )|Casings||Includes machine housings, doors, seals, tubs, feet, wheels, insulation etc.|
X27-D01B3D|Current|(2007-    )|Dispensing systems||Includes salt and cleaning powder/tablet dispensers.|
X27-D01B3E|Current|(2007-    )|Liquid management systems||Includes water supply/discharge/recirculation, valves, water heaters, pumps, pump seals and spray arms.|
X27-D01B3F|Current|(2007-    )|Drying systems||Includes heater elements (see also X25-B01 for electrical resistance heating per se), heat exchangers, air flow arrangements, vents, condensing arrangements etc.|
X27-D01B3G|Current|(2007-    )|Soil collection and management||Includes filters, screens, sizers and choppers.|
X27-D01B3X|Current|(2007-    )|Other component parts|||
X27-D01B5|Current|(2007-    )|Control systems of dishwashers||Includes all electrical control aspects. Also see T06-A05C for use of control algorithms to optimise cleaning cycle according to sensed parameters. For control of mechanical variables such as liquid flow, also see T06-B codes.|
X27-D01C|Current|(1987-    )|Combined laundry washer/drier||This code can be used in conjunction with X27-D01A or X27-D02 codes as appropriate to highlight the novel aspects.|
X27-D02|Current|(1983-    )|Laundry driers||Includes clothes and shoe driers.|Drum, spin, tumble, condenser
X27-D02A|Current|(2007-    )|Machine types|||
X27-D02A1|Current|(2007-    )|Electric vented tumble drier|||
X27-D02A2|Current|(2007-    )|Gas vented tumble drier|||
X27-D02A3|Current|(2007-    )|Heat pump tumble drier|||
X27-D02A4|Current|(2007-    )|Condensing tumble drier|||
X27-D02A5|Current|(2007-    )|Microwave tumble drier|||
X27-D02A6|Current|(2007-    )|Non-tumble drier||Includes cabinets, bags, drying rooms and drawers for drying flat or hanging clothes.|
X27-D02A9|Current|(2007-    )|Other driers|||
X27-D02B|Current|(2007-    )|Component parts/constructional details|||
X27-D02B1|Current|(2007-    )|Providing mechanical energy to clothes||Includes drums and lifters.|Tumble
X27-D02B2|Current|(2007-    )|Drive arrangements||Includes drive motors, drive belts, gears etc. See also V06-M codes for details of motors/transmissions per se.|Contra rotation
X27-D02B3|Current|(2007-    )|Heating systems||Includes electrical heaters (see also X25-B codes), combustion aspects (see also X27-G codes) and heat exchangers.|
X27-D02B4|Current|(2007-    )|Air moving systems||Includes blowers, ducts, vents, valves and air recirculation arrangements.|
X27-D02B5|Current|(2007-    )|Casings||Includes housings, doors, seals, feet, wheels, insulation etc.|
X27-D02B6|Current|(2007-    )|Dispensing systems||Includes deodoriser/conditioner (see also X27-D07M) dispensers.|
X27-D02B7|Current|(2007-    )|Vibration damping systems||Includes damping arrangements to reduce machine noise|
X27-D02B8|Current|(2007-    )|Lint management systems||Includes mechanical lint/fluff filters.|
X27-D02B9|Current|(2007-    )|Other component parts|||
X27-D02C|Current|(2007-    )|Control systems of laundry driers||Includes all electrical control aspects such as programme/temperature control switches. Also see T06-A05C for use of control algorithms to optimise drying performance according to sensed parameters such as load weight. For sensing of temperature or moisture content, see also S03-B and S03-E02C1 codes respectively.|
X27-D02L|Current|(2007-    )|Clothes lines||See X27-D06 prior to 2007. Includes motorized arrangements for raising and lowering line or for rotating rotary washing line. Details of purely mechanical clothes lines are coded under P28-C05.|
X27-D02X|Current|(2007-    )|Other laundry driers||For electrical aspects of mangles, see X27-D09 instead.|
X27-D03|Current|(1983-    )|Irons||For electrical aspects of ironing boards search X27-D09 also.|Steam, sole plate, heater
X27-D04|Current|(1983-    )|Vacuum cleaners||Includes constructional details of vacuum cleaner, e.g. casing. Details of replaceable items, e.g. nozzles, tools, are coded under X27-D04A only. Also see X27-D07 for mixed mode cleaning, e.g. using ultraviolet radiation to kill mites or bacteria. For combined vacuum cleaner and e.g. carpet washer, also see X27-D08.|Motor, suction, fan
X27-D04A|Current|(1992-    )|Accessories||Includes all aspects e.g. paper bag, wheels, attachments, tools, nozzles etc.|Hose, nozzle filter, brush, bag
X27-D04B|Current|(1992-    )|Motor||Includes vacuum cleaner motors per se. See also V06 codes for a more detailed breakdown of motors per se.|
X27-D04B1|Current|(1992-    )|Control systems of vacuum cleaners|||
X27-D04C|Current|(2002-    )|Dual-cyclone type||Includes dual and multi-cyclone type vacuum cleaners.|
X27-D04R|Current|(2006-    )|Robotic vacuum cleaner||Includes autonomous vacuum cleaners. Also see X27-U for domestic assistance robots per se.|Automatic guidance
X27-D05|Old|(2002-2005)|Floor polisher||From 2006 this code has been expanded to include all floor sweeping, washing and polishing machines. Also includes robotic floor cleaning machines (T06-B01A may also be required for 2-D position control). For carpet cleaning see X27-D08 only.|Sweeper
X27-D05|Current|(2006-    )|Floor cleaners/washers/polishers||From 2006 this code has been expanded to include all floor sweeping, washing and polishing machines. Also includes robotic floor cleaning machines (T06-B01A may also be required for 2-D position control). For carpet cleaning see X27-D08 only.|Sweeper
X27-D06|Retired|(2002-2006)|Clothes line*||*This code is now discontinued and transferred to X27-D02L from 200701. It is still searchable and valid for records from 2002-2007. Includes motorised arrangements for raising and lowering line or for rotating rotary washing line.|
X27-D07|Current|(2005-    )|Mixed mode cleaning||Includes cleaning systems with secondary cleaning, disinfecting, deodorising or sterilising function. This code can be used in conjunction with other X27-D codes to specify the primary cleaning function.|
X27-D07A|Current|(2005-    )|Using vibration||Includes use of ultrasonic vibrator to provide enhanced cleaning action.|
X27-D07C|Current|(2005-    )|Using radiation||Includes use of ultraviolet or microwave radiation e.g. to kill germs.|UV, microwave
X27-D07E|Current|(2007-    )|Using steam/vapour||decreasing function. Includes steam generation arrangements and vapour generation from a liquid/solid. Includes use of steam in refresh cycles to deodorise and remove creases from unwashed clothes.|Anti-wrinkle, de-crease, non-iron, refresher
X27-D07F|Current|(2007-    )|Bubble systems||Includes water aeration arrangements and air bubble generators for improving cleaning.|
X27-D07K|Current|(2007-    )|Using chemicals||Includes anti-microbial generators, chemical coatings for machine components and spray systems to deliver disinfectant to the clothes.|
X27-D07K1|Current|(2007-    )|Chemical coatings||Includes drums (see also X27-D01A3A for washing machines) coated with anti-microbial substance e.g. nano-silver (see also D09-A01 and E35-B chemistry codes).|
X27-D07K3|Current|(2007-    )|Chemistry generation||Includes silver/copper/zinc/ozone/ions generated inside the machine using e.g. electrolysis systems (see also X25-R codes), photocatalysts etc.|Anti-microbial, ionisation, ozoniser
X27-D07K5|Current|(2007-    )|Dispensing systems||Includes systems for dispensing/spraying e.g. anti-microbial/sterilising chemicals to the clothes.|
X27-D07M|Current|(2007-    )|Fabric enhancement||Includes electrical aspects of systems for treating clothes with stain resistance or water and insect repellency chemicals. See also X27-D01A3D and X27-D02B6 for fabric conditioner dispensers used in clothes washer and drier respectively.|
X27-D07X|Current|(2005-    )|Using other media||Includes use of other systems to provide a secondary cleaning/deodorising action.|
X27-D08|Current|(1992-    )|Carpet cleaner/shampoo machine||For combined carpet washer and vacuum cleaner also see X27-D04.|
X27-D09|Current|(1980-    )|Other cleaning appliances||Includes mangles, trouser press and domestic scale dry cleaning (for commercial dry-cleaning, see X25-H09 only). Also includes electrical aspects of ironing boards and clothes pegs. Details of ironing boards with no electrical details are coded under P28-C05.|
X27-D10|Current|(2006-    )|Disinfection and sterilization arrangements||Includes general disinfection and sterilisation systems not covered elsewhere, e.g. using ultraviolet/microwave radiation or heat. For mixed mode cleaning/sterilising see X27-D07 codes only. For air treatment arrangements see X27-E01B2 only. Industrial food processing sterilisation is covered by X25-P01X only, and medical sterilisation is covered by S05-G01 codes only.|
X27-E|Current||Heating, ventilating, air conditioning||Includes all aspects of electric heating and electrical aspects only of other types of heating e.g. gas or oil combustion. See also X27-G for details of domestic combustion. Details of electric heaters are also in X25-B.|
X27-E01|Current||Space heating and air conditioning systems||For heating combined with cooling i.e. air conditioning, e.g. by using refrigeration systems, see also X27-E01B.|Room, building
X27-E01A|Current|(1983-    )|Heating systems (incl. control)||Includes control circuits, thermostat, heating cost measurement and calculation, storage heater control system.|
X27-E01A1|Current|(1987-    )|Circulating water, warm air||Includes central heating systems pump or fan.|
X27-E01A2|Current|(1987-    )|Electric radiant bar and fan-heaters, oil filled electric heaters|||
X27-E01A3|Current|(1987-    )|Electric underfloor, electrically-heated carpets|||
X27-E01A4|Current|(1987-    )|Electric storage heaters||See also X16-L.|
X27-E01A5|Current|(1987-    )|Solar heating||Includes electrical aspects only e.g. combination solar and electric heating.|Collector
X27-E01B|Current|(1983-    )|Air-conditioning||Includes only electrical aspects of air conditioners (e.g. mechanical heat exchangers are excluded), control systems, refrigeration systems (see also X27-F). Vehicle air-conditioning is only in X22-J02E.|
X27-E01B1|Current|(1987-    )|Electric fans, ventilators|||Motor, ceiling, blade, table, portable
X27-E01B2|Current|(1987-    )|Ozoniser, air cleaner and freshener, (de)humidifier|||Electrostatic, filter, purification, atomiser, ion generation
X27-E01C|Current|(2010-    )|Climate control||Includes systems that automatically maintain room temperature by e.g. automatic window opening (see X25-M01 for novel electric windows per se), usage of waste heat etc.|
X27-E02|Current|(1987-    )|Electric blankets, heating pads|X27-E09|See also X27-A if part of bed construction. If pad is portable, see also X27-A02.|
X27-E03|Current|(1987-    )|Water heaters||Includes electric details of gas and solar water heaters.|Temperature control
X27-E03A|Current|(1987-    )|Electric||Includes through-flow heater, water bed heater.|
X27-E03A1|Current|(1987-    )|Shower, whirlpool bath, sauna||Includes Jacuzzi(r) and Turkish bath, which is also coded in X27-A02A.|
X27-E09|Current||Heating, ventilating, air conditioning - other||Includes foot warmer.|
X27-F|Current||Refrigeration||Includes all domestic and industrial systems, e.g. cold rooms and components, display cabinets, water coolers, heat pump systems (for air-conditioning, see X27-E01B also), refrigerated containers for lorry (see also X22-X04). Cryogenics is in X25-V. Also includes refrigerant per se. From 2006 ice manufacture is transferred to X27-F04, though ice manufacture remains searchable in X27-F prior to 2006.|
X27-F01|Current|(1983-    )|Constructional details||Includes door, seal, feet, cabinets, ice tray.|
X27-F02|Current|(1983-    )|Refrigeration/heat pump systems/components||Includes air circulation e.g. by fan.|
X27-F02A|Current|(1987-    )|Refrigeration||Includes details of overall refrigeration system.|
X27-F02A1|Current|(2005-    )|Magnetic cooling||Includes magnetic fridge and freezers that utilise magnetocaloric effect of some metals that become hot when magnetised and cool when demagnetised.|Magnetic, magnetocaloric
X27-F02B|Current|(1987-    )|Heat pump systems||Also includes heat recovery using refrigerant.|
X27-F02B1|Current|(2005-    )|Solid state heat pump||Includes thermoelectric cooling, e.g. for mini fridge and freezers and picnic coolers. See V04-T03C instead for thermoelectric cooling used in electronic devices, and U14-E05A2 for thermoelectric devices. Also includes electrocaloric effect cooling using e.g. thin film perovskite PZT (PbZrTiO3) to provide cooling under an applied electric field. See X25-B02F for thermoelectric heating.|Thermoelectric, Peltier effect
X27-F02C|Current|(1987-    )|Components||Includes heat exchangers, expansion valve absorbers, adsorbers, condenser, evaporator, etc.|
X27-F02C1|Current|(1987-    )|Compressors, electric motors, pumps|||Screw, rotating vane, scroll, centrifugal, rotary, swashplate, reciprocating
X27-F02C2|Current|(1987-    )|Frost/temp. Sensors, interior lights, switches||See also S03-B codes for temperature sensors, X26 codes for lighting and V03 codes for switches per se.|Thermostat
X27-F02X|Current|(2007-    )|Other refrigeration components|||
X27-F03|Current|(1983-    )|Control||Includes defrost activation, ice monitoring, leak detection.|
X27-F04|Current|(2006-    )|Ice manufacture||Includes domestic and industrial ice manufacture. For ice cube trays per se see X27-F01 only.|
X27-F05|Current|(2007-    )|Intelligent refrigerator||Includes reader-writer equipment to know the content of the fridge (see also T04-K codes), or screen display on fridge door displaying a list or an image of the fridge content. This code does not include details on refrigeration per se, see X27-F03 for refrigeration control details.|
X27-G|Current||Combustion||Includes domestic boilers using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels and involving electrical aspects. Exhaust gas sensors per se are not included, see e.g. S03-E02, S03-E03. Combustion processes for central heating are also coded in X27-E03. See X25-X13 instead for industrial combustion aspects such as gas fired furnaces.|
X27-G01|Current|(1983-    )|Igniters||Includes cigarette lighters using piezoelectric crystal (also see X27-A02 and V06-M06D).|Ignition, light spark, fuel
X27-G02|Current|(1983-    )|Combustion control; flame monitors||Includes fuel/air supply control.|
X27-H|Current|(1987-    )|Domestic pets|X27-X|Includes electrical aspects only.|Dog, cat, fish, budgerigar, tortoise, rabbit, guinea pig
X27-H01|Current|(1987-    )|Aquarium, vivarium||Covers electrical aspects such as air conditioning, heating, lighting systems, etc. of aquariums and vivariums. Other environment-controlled housings, such as kennels, dog houses, aviaries etc, are coded under X27-H04.|Aquarium, aquaria, vivarium, vivaria, heater, pump, lighting, air
X27-H02|Current|(2005-    )|Feeding and drinking||Includes heated food bowl and timed food dispenser.|Timer, dispenser
X27-H03|Current|(2005-    )|Control and training||Includes electrical or electromagnetic shocking apparatus for the control/training of pets, e.g. dogs. Also includes ultrasonic deterrent devices for confining pets within a specific area. Includes pet searching systems, transponder collars for controlling pet access e.g. through cat flap, and RFID or identification tags. Transponders and RFID are also coded under T04-K codes and W06-A04B5 and W02-G05B codes as appropriate.|Control, train, shock, deterrent, behaviour
X27-H04|Current|(2009-    )|Environmental control; Housings||Includes electrical aspects, such as air conditioning, heating, lighting systems, etc. for kennels, aviaries, etc. Details for aquaria or vivaria are coded under X27-H01. Electrical details of pet transporting bags/boxes or carriers are coded under X27-H09 only.|Dog house, kennel, aviary
X27-H09|Current|(2007-    )|Other domestic pet aspects||Includes heated pet transporting bags/boxes.|
X27-K|Current|(1997-    )|Kitchen waste disposal unit|X27-X|Includes only electrical aspects of domestic waste disposal, such as kitchen waste disposal unit and electrical rubbish bin.|
X27-L|Current|(2005-    )|Toilets||Includes all electrical aspects of public and domestic toilets and urinals. Includes toilets with integral bidets (see also X27-A02A). Prior to 2005 toilets were coded in X25-Y01.|
X27-T|Current|(1997-    )|Curtains, blinds|X27-X|Includes electrical aspects, e.g. remote curtain opening/closing device.|
X27-U|Current|(2006-    )|Domestic assistance robot||Includes e.g. humanoid robots which carry out general housework, nursing (see also S05 codes) and other duties. For task-specific robots also see relevant codes elsewhere, e.g. X27-D codes for cleaning robots. For industrial scale robots see X25-A03E or X25-F05A only.|
X27-V|Current|(2006-    )|Home automation||Includes systems for automatically controlling/programming multiple pieces of domestic equipment, e.g. using internet or telephone communication. For remote control of individual domestic devices, use the appropriate device code only (see also W05-D codes), and for individual robotic/automated equipment, such as a robotic vacuum cleaner, use the appropriate code (e.g. X27-D04R) only.|Total home control
X27-X|Current|(1980-    )|Other domestic electrical appliances||Other domestic electrical appliances Includes ash tray, insecticide dispenser for house, wallpaper stripping iron, mail box, paper towel dispenser (also X25-F03), pill bottle warning alarm indicating lid removal (also W05-A02) etc. Can also be used for aspects of unspecified or general white goods.|Mosquito repeller
X27-X01|Current|(2002-    )|Baby equipment||Includes equipment for babies, toddlers and young children. Includes baby monitoring alarms, babies prams, nappy wetting alarm, baby chamber pot (see also X27-L) etc. Also includes cutlery and cups with electric contents, such as lights or temperature displays. Cutlery and cups with electric contents not especially made for babies and/or young children are coded under X27-B09.|
X27-X02|Old|(2002-2005)|Domestic beer brewing and associated equipment||Includes beer brewing plant (domestic scale), beer mat, beer dispenser (see also X25-F03B1). Also includes domestic wine production equipment.|
X27-X02|Current|(2006-    )|Domestic beer brewing/alcoholic beverage production equipment||Includes beer brewing plant (domestic scale), beer mat, beer dispenser (see also X25-F03B1). Also includes domestic wine production equipment. Industrial beer brewing/alcoholic beverage production equipment is coded under X25-P01B. Also include electrical details of wine cellars. Refrigeration details of wine cellars are coded under X27-F codes. |
X27-X03|Current|(2007-    )|White goods with built-in secondary function||Includes white goods such as refrigerators and microwaves having additional built-in device providing secondary function, e.g. television, video display, computer for e.g. Internet browsing. This code can be used in conjunction with other X27 codes to highlight the primary function of the device. For example, a refrigerator with a built-in TV display will be also coded in X27-F01 and W03-G03A/W03-A codes.|